FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lingafelter, SW AF Lingafelter, Steven W. TI New records of Caribbomerus from Hispaniola and Dominica with redescription of C. elongatus (Fisher) and a key to species of the genus in the West Indies (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Graciliini) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Dominican Republic; Haiti; longhorned woodboring beetles; taxonomy; faunistics AB Three species of Caribbomerus Vitali are newly recorded for the Dominican Republic: C. decoratus (Zayas), C. elongatus (Fisher), and C asperatus (Fisher). The first two also represent first records for Hispaniola. Caribbomerus elongatus (Fisher) is redescribed based on additional material, including the first known males. Caribbomerus similis (Fisher) is newly recorded for Dominica. A key to the species of the genus from the West Indies is provided. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM steve.lingafelter@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 85 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.3897/zookeys.85.826 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754RO UT WOS:000289874700003 PM 21594096 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Engel, MS AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Engel, Michael S. TI A new species of the bee genus Ctenoplectrella in middle Eocene Baltic amber (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Megachilinae; Ctenoplectrellini; paleontology; Tertiary; Eocene; taxonomy ID FOSSIL; APIDAE AB A new species of the extinct bee genus Ctenoplectrella Cockerell (Megachilinae: Ctenoplectrellini) is described and figured from two females preserved in middle Eocene (Lutetian) Baltic amber. Ctenoplectrella phaeton sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners on the basis of its body proportions, integumental sculpturing, wing venation, and pubescence, and is one of the more distinctive members of the genus. A revised key to the species of Ctenoplectrella is provided. C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.; Engel, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Engel, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Div Entomol Paleoentomol, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com RI Engel, Michael/C-5461-2012 OI Engel, Michael/0000-0003-3067-077X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 111 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.3897/zookeys.111.1593 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 809XE UT WOS:000294089200005 PM 21852938 ER PT J AU Chamorro, ML Konstantinov, AS AF Chamorro, Maria Lourdes Konstantinov, Alexander S. TI Cachiporrini, a remarkable new tribe of Lamprosomatinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from South America SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE New tribe; new genus; new species; antennal clubs; capitulum; leaf beetles; Brazil; phylogeny ID EVOLUTION; LIMITS AB A new genus and species of Lamprosomatinae, Cachiporra extremaglobosa Chamorro & Konstantinov, is described from Brazil. A new tribe, Cachiporrini, is proposed. The first phylogenetic analysis of Lamprosomatinae based on adult morphological caharacters is conducted. Comparisons are made among lamprosomatine tribes and genera. A key to tribes is provided. C1 [Chamorro, Maria Lourdes] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chamorro, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC-187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lourdes.chamorro@gmail.com FU National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC FX We thank A. L. Norrbom and R. Ochoa (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC), and K.D. Prathapan (Department of Entomology, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India) for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. We thank Dr. X. Mengual for his generosity and help with software. MLC thanks T. Erwin and the Encyclopedia of Life, Rubenstein fellowship program (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC) for funding and support. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 78 BP 43 EP 59 DI 10.3897/zookeys.78.980 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754RG UT WOS:000289873800004 PM 21594156 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Griswold, TL AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Griswold, Terry L. TI Taxonomic notes on the small resin bees Hypanthidioides subgenus Michanthidium (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Anthidiini; Anthophila; South America; taxonomy AB As part of ongoing investigations on anthidiine bees, the type of Anthidium albitarse Friese was found to be conspecific with one of the two species of the small resin bees Hypanthidioides subgenus Michanthidium. The new combination, H. (Michanthidium) albitarsis, is the oldest name, resulting in Gnathanthidium sakagamii Urban as a new junior synonym. The previously unknown male of the second species, H. ferrugineus, is described and figured, including the genitalic structure and associated sterna. Males and females of H. ferrugineus have been collected from flowers of Cuphea sp. (Lythraceae). C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.; Griswold, Terry L.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com RI Gonzalez, Victor/B-4072-2015 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0742998] FX We are grateful to Frank Koch and Viola Richter (ZMB) for kindly arranging the loan of the type of Anthidium albitarse; Gabriel Melo and Danuncia Urban (DZUP) for their hospitality and help during the visit of the senior author to Curitiba as well as for allowing access to the bee collection in their charge; Lionel Stange and Jim Wiley (FSCA) for bringing this material to our attention and permitting its study, and Molly Rightmyer, Amy Comfort de Gonzalez, John S. Ascher, Allan Smith Pardo, Jason Gibbs, and Michael S. Engel for comments and suggestions that improved this note. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0742998. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 117 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.3897/zookeys.117.1665 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 809XS UT WOS:000294090600003 PM 21998505 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW AF Lingafelter, Steven W. TI New myrmecomorphous longhorned beetles from Haiti and the Dominican Republic with a key to Anaglyptini andTillomorphini of Hispaniola (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Island; endemic; mimicry; myrmecophily; West Indies; taxonomy ID AUDINET-SERVILLE; RECORDS AB First records of the tribes Anaglyptini and Tillomorphini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) are documented for Hispaniola. A new genus of a highly myrmecomorphic longhorned beetle (Licracantha gen. n.) is described and illustrated based on one species (Licracantha firmicaria sp. n.) and provisionally assigned to Tillomorphini. Three other new species of ant mimic longhorned beetles are described and illustrated: Calliclytus macoris sp. n. (Tillomorphini), Tilloclytus baoruco sp. n., and Tilloclytus neiba sp. n. (Anaglyptini). An identification key and distribution map to all known Hispaniolan species of these two tribes are presented. C1 Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM elaphidion@gmail.com NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 106 BP 55 EP 75 DI 10.3897/zookeys.106.1470 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 790LI UT WOS:000292589100003 PM 21852922 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Engel, MS AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Engel, Michael S. TI Andinopanurgus, a new Andean subgenus of Protandrena (Hymenoptera,Andrenidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Anthophila; Apoidea; Panurginae; Heterosarus; Rhophitulus; South America; taxonomy ID ANDRENIDAE; BEE AB A new subgenus of Protandrena Cockerell (Panurginae: Protandrenini) from South America, Andinopanurgus Gonzalez & Engel, subgen. n., is described and figured for distinctive species of the genus occurring at mid-and high elevations in the Andes from Venezuela to Peru (1100-3400 m). In addition to the distribution, the subgenus is easily distinguished from other subgenera by a unique combination of morphological characters in both sexes, especially in the hidden sterna and genitalia of the male. Protandrena amyae sp. n., and P. femoralis sp. n., are also described and figured from the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Andes. New geographical records and a key to the species are also provided. C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.; Engel, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Engel, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Div Entomol Paleoentomol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com RI Engel, Michael/C-5461-2012 OI Engel, Michael/0000-0003-3067-077X FU US National Science Foundation [DBI-1057366] FX We are grateful to S. Brady and B. Harris for bringing this material to our attention and permitting its study, to I.A. Hinojosa-Diaz for assistance with microphotography (Figs 1-5, 13-15, 21-25), and to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Partial support was provided by US National Science Foundation grant DBI-1057366 (to MSE). This is a contribution of the Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 126 BP 57 EP 76 DI 10.3897/zookeys.126.1676 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831WY UT WOS:000295763000004 PM 21998542 ER PT J AU Tishechkin, AK Konstantinov, AS Bista, S Pemberton, RW Center, TD AF Tishechkin, Alexey K. Konstantinov, Alexander S. Bista, Sanjay Pemberton, Robert W. Center, Ted D. TI Review of the continental Oriental species of Lilioceris Reitter (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae) closely related to Lilioceris impressa (F.) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Review DE Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Criocerinae; Lilioceris; key; Oriental Region; new synonyms; Dioscorea bulbifera; air potato; biology; Lilioceris cheni AB Criocerine leaf beetles found in Nepal feeding on Dioscorea bulbifera (L.), an invasive weed of Asian origin, were identified as Lilioceris cheni Gressitt and Kimoto based on a synopsis of the Oriental Lilioceris species and review of the Lilioceris impressa species group. All the continental, Oriental species included in the group are diagnosed and illustrated, and a key for their identification is provided. Species status of Lilioceris thibetana Pic, 1916 is resurrected. The following new synonyms are proposed: L. coomani (Pic, 1928) = L. egena (Weise, 1922), and L. subcostata (Pic, 1921a), L. laticornis (Gressit, 1942), L. inflaticornis Gressit & Kimoto, 1961, and L. maai Gressit & Kimoto, 1961 = L. impressa (Fabricius, 1787). Lectotypes of the following species are designated: L. coomani Pic, 1928; L. impressa (Fabricius, 1787); L. laosensis (Pic, 1916); L. malabarica (Jacoby, 1904); L. ruficornis (Pic, 1921b); L. subcostata (Pic, 1921a); L. thibetana (Pic, 1916); and L. unicolor (Hope, 1831). C1 [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tishechkin, Alexey K.] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Bista, Sanjay] Nepalese Agr Res Council, Div Entomol, Khumaltar Katmandu, Nepal. [Pemberton, Robert W.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission FX This work would not have been possible without the generous help of our colleagues/curators from museums around the World: J. Frisch and L. Willers (HUB), P. Limbourg and P. Grootaert (Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Department d'Entomologie, Bruxelles, Belgique), A. Montilieri (MNHN), R. Peters (ZMUH), A. Samuelson and S. Mayer (BBM), S. Shute (BMNH), A. Solodovnikov (UCD), E. Sprecher-Uebersax (Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland). We thank M. Buffington, A. Norrbom (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington DC, USA), and C. Staines (Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA) for thoroughly reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript and for their valuable suggestions. P. Madeira (USDA, ARS, Invasive Plant Research Lab.) identified the host plant of L. egena. Funding for this project was provided by the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 103 BP 63 EP 83 DI 10.3897/zookeys.103.983 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 786ZB UT WOS:000292345300005 PM 21747681 ER PT J AU Rightmyer, MG Deyrup, M Ascher, JS Griswold, T AF Rightmyer, Molly G. Deyrup, Mark Ascher, John S. Griswold, Terry TI Osmia species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) from the southeastern United States with modified facial hairs: taxonomy, host plants, and conservation status SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Bee; Apoidea; Megachilinae; Osmiini; Melanosmia; Osmia calaminthae; Osmia conjunctoides; Lamiaceae; Calamintha ashei; oligolecty ID APOIDEA; FLORIDA; POLLEN; BEE AB We describe females and males of Osmia (Melanosmia) calaminthae sp. n., an apparent floral specialist on Calamintha ashei (Lamiaceae), and provide observations on the behavior of female bees on flowers of this plant. We also provide diagnostic information for Osmia (Diceratosmia) conjunctoides Robertson, stat. n., and synonymize O. (Diceratosmia) subfasciata miamiensis Mitchell with O. conjunctoides syn. n. Females of both O. calaminthae and O. conjunctoides are unique among North American Osmia for having short, erect, simple facial hairs, which are apparent adaptations for collecting pollen from nototribic flowers. Osmia calaminthae is currently only known from sandy scrub at four nearby sites in the southern Lake Wales Ridge in Highlands County, Florida, USA, while O. conjunctoides is known from limited but widespread sites in the southeastern USA. We discuss the conservation status of both species based on known or speculated floral associates and distributions. C1 [Rightmyer, Molly G.; Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Deyrup, Mark] Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33862 USA. [Ascher, John S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Rightmyer, MG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, BNR 244,UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM molly_rightmyer@yahoo.com RI Ascher, John/D-1554-2014 FU NSF-DBI [0956388]; Archbold Biological Station; Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission as part of Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife [T-15-D] FX We are grateful to the individuals and institutions listed in Methods, above, for providing access to the material described herein. In addition, we thank David Wagner and Jane O'Donnell (University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT) for providing access to additional southeastern material of O. subfasciata. Specimen databasing for this study was supported by NSF-DBI#0956388, Collaborative Research: Collaborative Databasing of North American Bee Collections within a Global Informatics Network. John S. Ascher is grateful to Robert G. Goelet for his generous support of bee research at the AMNH. Survey work on local bees and Florida scrub arthropods by M. Deyrup is supported by the Archbold Biological Station. Survey work on Lake Wales Ridge Wildlife and Environmental Areas was supported by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission as part of Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant T-15-D. We thank Tim Lethbridge for sharing his excellent photographs resulting from fieldwork focused on documenting the new species. Chaoyan Dong, H. Glenn Hall, and Dale Webber also assisted with fieldwork. Reviews by Michael Arduser, James H. Cane, Christophe Praz, and one anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated. We thank Michael S. Engel for the invitation to contribute to this Festschrift. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 148 SI SI BP 257 EP 278 DI 10.3897/zookeys.148.1497 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882VS UT WOS:000299592600014 PM 22287900 ER PT S AU Hao, WM Urbanski, SP Nordgren, B Petkov, A AF Hao, Wei Min Urbanski, Shawn P. Nordgren, Bryce Petkov, Alex BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Daily Fire Occurrence in Ukraine from 2002 to 2008 SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Fire; MODIS; Land cover; Cloud cover; Fire trend AB The spatial and temporal extent of daily fire activity in Ukraine at a 1 km x 1 km resolution from 2002 to 2008 is investigated based on active Fire detections by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites. During this period about 20,000 fires were detected annually in Ukraine. Ukraine has two distinct fire seasons spring (March, April, and May) and summer/early fall (July, August, and September). Summer and early fall was the main fire season, accounting for 77% of total active fire detections, while spring detections comprised only 17% of the total. The fire activity was mostly associated with agricultural burning; 91% of active fires were on agricultural land. The agricultural burning was dominated by burning stubble residue following harvest of winter wheat. The summer Fire activity was highly correlated with annual wheat production (r = 0.81, p < 0.05). The minimum (2003) and maximum (2008) years of Ukraine fire activity deviated from the 7-year mean by 79% and +114% respectively, and coincided with the extremes of low and high wheat production in Ukraine during the study period (3.6 million tons in 2003 and 25.9 million tons in 2008). C1 [Hao, Wei Min; Urbanski, Shawn P.; Nordgren, Bryce; Petkov, Alex] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Sci Lab 5, Missoula, MT USA. RP Hao, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Sci Lab 5, Missoula, MT USA. EM whao@fs.fed.us RI Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100006 ER PT J AU Jin, HT Tuo, WB Lian, H Liu, QA Zhu, XQ Gao, HW AF Jin, Hongtao Tuo, Wenbin Lian, Hai Liu, Quan Zhu, Xing-Quan Gao, Hongwei TI Strategies to identify microRNA targets New advances SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID IN-VIVO; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIVING CELLS; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITION; PROTEIN; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PREDICTION; ARGONAUTE AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNA molecules functioning to modulate gene expression at the post-transcnptional level, and playing an important role in many developmental and physiological processes Ten thousand miRNAs have been discovered in various organisms Although considerable progress has been made in computational methodology to identify miRNA targets, most predicted miRNA targets may be false positive Due to the lack of effective tools to identify miRNA targets, the study of miRNAs is seriously retarded In recent years, some molecular cloning strategies of miRNA targets have been developed, including RT-PCR using miRNAs as endogenous primers, labeled miRNA pull-down assay (LAMP) and RNA ligase-mediated amplification of cDNA end (RLM-RACE) The identified miRNA targets should be further validated via effects of miRNA alteration on the target protein levels and bioactivity This review summarizes advances in strategies to identify miRNA targets and methods by which miRNA targets are validated C1 [Jin, Hongtao; Lian, Hai; Liu, Quan; Gao, Hongwei] Acad Mil Med Sci, Inst Mil Vet, Key Lab Jilin Prov Zoonosis Prevent & Control, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, Peoples R China. [Tuo, Wenbin] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhu, Xing-Quan] CAAS, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China. RP Liu, QA (reprint author), Acad Mil Med Sci, Inst Mil Vet, Key Lab Jilin Prov Zoonosis Prevent & Control, 1068 Qinglong Rd, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, Peoples R China. FU National Key Technology R&D Program in China [2010BAD04B01]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972178]; "Gold Idea" foundation of Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences [YCX0901] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Key Technology R&D Program in China (Grant No 2010BAD04B01), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 30972178), and "Gold Idea" foundation of Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (Grant No YCX0901) NR 62 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 6 BP 734 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.09.006 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 702LM UT WOS:000285896200004 PM 20888440 ER PT J AU Prihastuti, H Cai, L Crouch, JA Phoulivong, S Moslem, MA McKenzie, EHC Hyde, KD AF Prihastuti, Haryudian Cai, Lei Crouch, Jo Anne Phoulivong, Sitthisack Moslem, Mohamed A. McKenzie, Eric H. C. Hyde, Kevin D. TI Neotypification of Colletotrichum falcatum, the causative agent of red-rot disease in sugarcane SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE disease; plant pathogen; Saccharum officinarum; taxonomy ID SPORED GRAMINICOLOUS COLLETOTRICHUM; SEQUENCE DATA; INFERENCE; GRASSES; TREES AB Prihastuti H., Cal L., Crouch J. A., Phoulivong S., Moslem, M. A., McKenzie, E. H. C. & Hyde K. D. (2010) Neotypification of Colletotrichum falcatum, the causative agent of red-rot disease in sugarcane. - Sydowia 62 (2): 283-293. Colletotrichum falcatum is an important pathogen of sugarcane causing red rot disease. The type specimen of this species could not be located in any herbaria. A fresh specimen was therefore collected and isolated from the location as stated in the protologue. A neotype of C. falcatum with a living culture is designated in order to stabilize the application of the species name. The morphology of conidia and appressoria, and cultural characters of the ex-neotype culture is provided and its pathogenicity on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is confirmed by re-inoculation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. falcatum clusters in a distinct lineage in the curved-spored Colletotrichum species. C1 [Prihastuti, Haryudian; Cai, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Key Lab Systemat Mycol & Lichenol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Prihastuti, Haryudian; Phoulivong, Sitthisack; Hyde, Kevin D.] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Sch Sci, Thasud 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Prihastuti, Haryudian] Brawijaya Univ, Fac Agr, Malang 65145, Indonesia. [Prihastuti, Haryudian; Hyde, Kevin D.] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Resource Insects, Int Fungal Res & Dev Ctr, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. [Crouch, Jo Anne] ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Phoulivong, Sitthisack] Natl Univ Laos, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Sci, Viangchan 7322, Laos. [Moslem, Mohamed A.; Hyde, Kevin D.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia. [McKenzie, Eric H. C.] Landcare Res, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Cai, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Key Lab Systemat Mycol & Lichenol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM mrcailei@gmail.com RI Crouch, Jo Anne/F-4322-2012; CAI, LEI/K-7226-2014; OI CAI, LEI/0000-0002-8131-7274; Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 FU Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai, Thailand [51101010029, 52101010002]; China NSFC [31070020]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-YW-Z-1026] FX This study was supported by research grants 51101010029 and 52101010002 awarded by Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai, Thailand. This research was also funded by China NSFC 31070020 and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. KSCX2-YW-Z-1026. Fang Liu and Yuanying Su are thanked for technical assistance. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 62 IS 2 BP 283 EP 293 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 714CI UT WOS:000286784700008 ER PT J AU Davis, AK Brummer, SP Shivik, J AF Davis, Andrew K. Brummer, Stacey P. Shivik, John TI Sexual differences in hair morphology of coyote and white-tailed deer: males have thicker hair SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI LA English DT Article ID FIBER CHARACTERISTICS; DIAMETER; PELAGE; FOLLICLE; MAMMALS; TRAITS; FLEECE; GROWTH; GOATS; WILD AB The fur of mammals serves many functions, including thermoregulation, camouflage or visual signaling to conspecifics. Fine-scale features of fur, such as hair morphology are often examined by researchers, especially in animals where pelage is of economic importance. Certain studies from this literature body show that males of many species appear to have thicker guard hair than females. Here, we examined this possibility in coyote (Canis latrans) and white tailed deer (Odocoiletes virginianus) from captive populations in Utah and Georgia, USA. We used image analysis procedures to examine 402 guard hairs from 24 captive coyotes and 568 guard hairs from 29 captive deer, measuring the length and diameter of each hair. In both species, males had significantly thicker hairs than females; in coyotes, male hairs were 17% thicker, in deer, male hairs were 15% thicker. These differences are comparable to other species, where male hair is between 7%-20% thicker than those of females (in all species the average difference is 13%). Considering that there are hundreds of thousands of hairs on any given animal, this difference per unit hair could translate into considerable differences in overall pelt characteristics between sexes. The reason for this difference could relate to the sensitivity of mammalian hair to androgens, such as testosterone, which are more abundant in males of all species. Experimental studies and population surveys demonstrate that high levels of androgens stimulate body hair to grow thicker in diameter. Thus, the greater levels of testosterone in males would act to promote thicker hair. By this same mechanism, within any given collection of males, those with greater levels of androgens should also display greater hair thickness. While further research would be needed to verify this, results from this study nevertheless emphasize the knowledge gaps that yet remain in our understanding of the basic nature of mammalian fur. C1 [Davis, Andrew K.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Brummer, Stacey P.; Shivik, John] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Davis, AK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM akdavis@uga.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation FX We thank David Osborn for assistance with collecting deer hair, as well as Mike Cherry, Daniel Stull, Will Gulsby, Vanessa Lane, Graham Marsh, Susan Ellis-Felege, Aaron Hecht and Kevin Keel for their assistance with handling the deer. Erika Cologgi, Patrick Darrow, Mike Davis, Jeff Schultz and Melissa Weber assisted with coyote hair collection and animal care. The manuscript was improved after helpful discussions with Peter Davis and Sonia Altizer, and from comments by two anonymous reviewers. AKD was supported by a grant from the Morris Animal Foundation during this project. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD PI UNIV HELSINKI PA P O BOX 26, FI-00014 UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0003-455X J9 ANN ZOOL FENN JI Ann. Zool. Fenn. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 704VD UT WOS:000286082800005 ER PT J AU Chang, S Condon, B Edwards, JV AF Chang, SeChin Condon, Brian Edwards, J. Vincent TI Preparation and Characterization of Aminobenzyl Cellulose by Two Step Synthesis from Native Cellulose SO FIBERS AND POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Nitrobenzyl cellulose; Aminobenzyl cellulose; Native cellulose; Etherification reaction; Homogeneous solution ID STATE C-13 NMR; CHLORIDE AB Synthesis and structural characterizations of nitro- and aminobenzyl cellulose were carried out. Cellulose derivatives were synthesized by etherification. Nitrobenzylation produced 80 % yield by treating a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose, 4-dimethyl aminopyridine, and 4-nitrobenzyl chloride at 80 degrees C for 10 h. Nitrobenzyl cellulose was then reduced to aminobenzyl cellulose with 93 % yield using indium metal in ethanol and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. In addition to their structural characterizations by FT-IR and (13)C CP/MAS NMR, TGA will also be described. These reactions serve as models for future cotton fiber finishing technology with applications in flame resistance. C1 [Chang, SeChin; Condon, Brian; Edwards, J. Vincent] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sechin.chang@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS FX The authors would like to acknowledge the USDA-ARS CRIS for financial support of this work. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU KOREAN FIBER SOC PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CTR #501 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9197 J9 FIBER POLYM JI Fiber. Polym. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1105 DI 10.1007/s12221-010-1101-x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 695WN UT WOS:000285403400003 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Luo, RT Cao, Y Shen, RC Zhang, XC AF Zhang, Guang-hui Luo, Rong-ting Cao, Ying Shen, Rui-chang Zhang, X. C. TI Impacts of sediment load on Manning coefficient in supercritical shallow flow on steep slopes SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Manning equation; friction coefficient; shallow flow; sediment load; steep slopes ID SOIL-EROSION MODEL; DIFFERENT LAND USES; OVERLAND-FLOW; SALTATING SEDIMENT; LOESS PLATEAU; BED ROUGHNESS; MOBILE BEDS; RESISTANCE; DETACHMENT; TRANSPORT AB The Manning equation is one of the most widely used formulae for calculating the velocity of shallow overland flow in hydrological and erosion models. Precise estimation of the Manning's friction coefficient (n) is critical to determining overland flow and soil erosion processes. Few studies have been conducted to quantify the effects of sediment load on Manning's n on steep slopes. This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of sediment load on Manning's n in a flume with a fixed bed, under wide ranges of hydraulics and sediment loads. Slope gradient varied from 8.7 to 34.2%, unit flow rate from 0.66 to 5.26 x 10(-3) m(2) s(-1), and sediment load from 0 to 6.95 kg m(-1) s(-1). The Reynolds number ranged from 350 to 5899. Results showed that Manning's n varied in both sediment-free and sediment-laden flows ranging from 0.012 to 0.055. The apparent Manning's coefficients of sediment-laden flow were much greater than those of sediment-free flow. The mean Manning coefficient of sediment-laden flow was 51.27% greater than the mean value of sediment-free flow. For sediment-laden flow, Manning's n could be estimated with a power function of unit flow discharge and sediment content. Further studies are needed to quantify the potential effects of sediment load on the Manning's n on erodible beds and in fields. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Guang-hui] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guang-hui; Luo, Rong-ting; Cao, Ying; Shen, Rui-chang] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012 FU National Key Basic Research Special Foundation [2007CB407204]; Foundation Research Funds for the Central University [2009SD-6] FX The study was conducted in the Fangshan Field Station of Beijing Normal University. Financial assistance for this work was provided by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation Project (2007CB407204) and the Foundation Research Funds for the Central University (2009SD-6). NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 26 BP 3909 EP 3914 DI 10.1002/hyp.7892 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 693VZ UT WOS:000285254800012 ER PT J AU Chao, SM Dubcovsky, J Dvorak, J Luo, MC Baenziger, SP Matnyazov, R Clark, DR Talbert, LE Anderson, JA Dreisigacker, S Glover, K Chen, JL Campbell, K Bruckner, PL Rudd, JC Haley, S Carver, BF Perry, S Sorrells, ME Akhunov, ED AF Chao, Shiaoman Dubcovsky, Jorge Dvorak, Jan Luo, Ming-Cheng Baenziger, Stephen P. Matnyazov, Rustam Clark, Dale R. Talbert, Luther E. Anderson, James A. Dreisigacker, Susanne Glover, Karl Chen, Jianli Campbell, Kim Bruckner, Phil L. Rudd, Jackie C. Haley, Scott Carver, Brett F. Perry, Sid Sorrells, Mark E. Akhunov, Eduard D. TI Population- and genome-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium and SNP variation in spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; ALLELIC VARIATION; SELECTIVE SWEEP; POLYPLOID WHEAT; HAPLOTYPE MAP; PLANT HEIGHT AB Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are ideally suited for the construction of high-resolution genetic maps, studying population evolutionary history and performing genome-wide association mapping experiments. Here, we used a genome-wide set of 1536 SNPs to study linkage disequilibrium (LD) and population structure in a panel of 478 spring and winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) from 17 populations across the United States and Mexico. Results: Most of the wheat oligo pool assay (OPA) SNPs that were polymorphic within the complete set of 478 cultivars were also polymorphic in all subpopulations. Higher levels of genetic differentiation were observed among wheat lines within populations than among populations. A total of nine genetically distinct clusters were identified, suggesting that some of the pre-defined populations shared significant proportion of genetic ancestry. Estimates of population structure (F-ST) at individual loci showed a high level of heterogeneity across the genome. In addition, seven genomic regions with elevated FST were detected between the spring and winter wheat populations. Some of these regions overlapped with previously mapped flowering time QTL. Across all populations, the highest extent of significant LD was observed in the wheat D-genome, followed by lower LD in the A-and B-genomes. The differences in the extent of LD among populations and genomes were mostly driven by differences in long-range LD (> 10 cM). Conclusions: Genome-and population-specific patterns of genetic differentiation and LD were discovered in the populations of wheat cultivars from different geographic regions. Our study demonstrated that the estimates of population structure between spring and winter wheat lines can identify genomic regions harboring candidate genes involved in the regulation of growth habit. Variation in LD suggests that breeding and selection had a different impact on each wheat genome both within and among populations. The higher extent of LD in the wheat D-genome versus the A-and B-genomes likely reflects the episodes of recent introgression and population bottleneck accompanying the origin of hexaploid wheat. The assessment of LD and population structure in this assembled panel of diverse lines provides critical information for the development of genetic resources for genome-wide association mapping of agronomically important traits in wheat. C1 [Matnyazov, Rustam; Akhunov, Eduard D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Genotyping Lab, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Dubcovsky, Jorge; Dvorak, Jan; Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Baenziger, Stephen P.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Clark, Dale R.] WestBred LLC, Bozeman, MT USA. [Talbert, Luther E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN USA. [Dreisigacker, Susanne] CIMMYT, Genet Resources & Enhancement Unit, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Glover, Karl] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chen, Jianli] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Campbell, Kim] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bruckner, Phil L.] Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT USA. [Rudd, Jackie C.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX USA. [Haley, Scott] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Perry, Sid] WestBred LLC, Haven, KS USA. [Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matnyazov, Rustam] RAS, Inst Biochem & Genet, Ufa, Russia. RP Akhunov, ED (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM eakhunov@ksu.edu RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU USDA AFRI [CRIS0219050, 2006-55606-16629]; KSU Agricultural Experimental Station FX This work was supported by the funds provided by the USDA AFRI grant CRIS0219050, KSU Agricultural Experimental Station to E.A. and the USDA AFRI Wheat-CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629. We would like to thank Miranda Gray and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 7 U2 53 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 29 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 727 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-727 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 705ME UT WOS:000286136300001 PM 21190581 ER PT J AU Badenes-Perez, FR Alfaro-Alpizar, MA Johnson, MT AF Badenes-Perez, F. R. Alfaro-Alpizar, M. A. Johnson, M. T. TI Diversity, ecology and herbivory of hairstreak butterflies (Theclinae) associated with the velvet tree, Miconia calvescens in Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; butterflies; Erora opisena; hairstreak; inflorescence; Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae; Parrhasius polibetes; Temecla paron; Theclinae ID DC MELASTOMATACEAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOST-SPECIFICITY; LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; LYCAENIDAE; IMPACT; BRAZIL AB Larvae of three species of hairstreak butterflies in the subfamily Theclinae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) were found feeding on developing inflorescences, flower buds, and immature fruits of the velvet tree, Miconia calvescens DC. (Myrtales: Melastomataceae) in Costa Rica. Erora opisena (Druce), Parrhasius polibetes (Cramer), and Temecla paron (Godman and Salvin) were studied in association with M. calvescens, an uncommon tree in its natural range in the neotropics and a target for biocontrol as an invader in Pacific islands. Host plant use by the three theclines was similar, with eggs being laid on inflorescences and cryptic larvae remaining there throughout development. Feeding damage by E. opisena was most abundant in pre-flowering M. calvescens, when 23% of inflorescences showed feeding damage characteristic of this species. Feeding damage by T. paron peaked at flowering, when 30% of inflorescences were affected. At field sites, E. opisena and T. paron damaged an average of 26 and 18% of each attacked inflorescence, respectively. In cage experiments, individual third- and fourth-instar larvae of E. opisena damaged an average of 24 and 21% of an inflorescence before pupating, respectively. This study provides the first host plant record for E. opisena and T. paron, the first record of P. polibetes feeding on Melastomataceae, and the first records of E. opisena and T. paron presence in Costa Rica. C1 [Badenes-Perez, F. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Badenes-Perez, F. R.] CSIC, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, Inst Ciencias Agr, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Alfaro-Alpizar, M. A.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Johnson, M. T.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. RP Badenes-Perez, FR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM frbadenes@gmail.com; maalfaro06@gmail.com; tracyjohnson@fs.fed.us RI Badenes-Perez, Francisco/K-9722-2014 OI Badenes-Perez, Francisco/0000-0002-8954-7920 FU Hawaii Invasive Species Council; USDA Forest Service FX Special thanks to Robert K. Robbins at the Smithsonian Institution for sharing some of his knowledge on Lycaenidae, identifying these species, and providing relevant information and references. We also thank Ichiro Nakamura at the University of Buffalo, Kenji Nishida at the Universidad de Costa Rica, and Isidro Chacon at the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica, for initial help identifying these species. We appreciate the advice and assistance of Paul Hanson, Edgar Rojas, and other colleagues at the Universidad de Costa Rica. Funding was provided by the Hawaii Invasive Species Council and USDA Forest Service International Programs. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 209 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 698YY UT WOS:000285632300001 PM 21265617 ER PT J AU Ou, CR Du, XF Shellie, K Ross, C Qian, MC AF Ou, Changrong Du, Xiaofen Shellie, Krista Ross, Carolyn Qian, Michael C. TI Volatile Compounds and Sensory Attributes of Wine from Cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) Grown under Differential Levels of Water Deficit with or without a Kaolin-Based, Foliar Reflectant Particle Film SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Kaolin; deficit irrigation; Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) wine; volatiles; SBSE ID GRAPE COMPOSITION; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; BERRIES; QUALITY; VINE; LEAF; IRRIGATION; STRESS; INJURY AB The volatile composition and sensory attributes of Merlot wines produced from vines under differing levels of water stress, with or without a foliar, kaolin-based particle film, were analyzed by stir bar sorptive extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS) and sensory evaluation. Vines were irrigated over consecutive vintages with 100, 70, or 35% of their estimated water requirements (ET(c)), or 35% until color change then 70% until harvest (35-70% ET(c)). Neither of the treatments consistently influenced ester concentrations or their relative amounts, though their concentrations varied from year to year. However, deficit irrigation had an effect on the concentration of terpene alcohols and norisoprenoids. Wines produced from vines under water deficit contained higher amounts of citronellol, nerol, geraniol, and beta-damascenone, but linalool and beta-ionone were not affected by deficit irrigation. Particle film did not affect volatile composition in the wine. Untrained panelists in 2007 and 2008 distinguished between wines from vines that received 100 or 35% ET(c) and between wines from vines that received 35 or 35-70% ET(c). Trained sensory panelists detected differences among wines for aroma, flavor, taste, and mouthfeel; however, significant interactive effects between particle film application and vine water status hindered interpretation of independent main effects. C1 [Ou, Changrong; Du, Xiaofen; Qian, Michael C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ou, Changrong] Ningbo Univ, Fac Life Sci & Biotechnol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Shellie, Krista] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Ross, Carolyn] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Qian, MC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Michael.qian@oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 24 BP 12890 EP 12898 DI 10.1021/jf102587x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 693PQ UT WOS:000285236400045 PM 21080711 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Rohrer, GA Kuehn, LA Keele, JW Holl, JW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Nonneman, DJ AF Lindholm-Perry, Amanda K. Rohrer, Gary A. Kuehn, Larry A. Keele, John W. Holl, Justin W. Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Nonneman, Dan J. TI Genomic regions associated with kyphosis in swine SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; NOONAN-SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME; MUTATIONS; GENE; DYSPLASIA; MICE; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION AB Background: A back curvature defect similar to kyphosis in humans has been observed in swine herds. The defect ranges from mild to severe curvature of the thoracic vertebrate in split carcasses and has an estimated heritability of 0.3. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions that affect this trait. Results: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations performed with 198 SNPs and microsatellite markers in a Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire resource population (U. S. Meat Animal Research Center, USMARC resource population) of swine provided regions of association with this trait on 15 chromosomes. Positional candidate genes, especially those involved in human skeletal development pathways, were selected for SNP identification. SNPs in 16 candidate genes were genotyped in an F2 population (n = 371) and the USMARC resource herd (n = 1,257) with kyphosis scores. SNPs in KCNN2 on SSC2, RYR1 and PLOD1 on SSC6 and MYST4 on SSC14 were significantly associated with kyphosis in the resource population of swine (P <= 0.05). SNPs in CER1 and CDH7 on SSC1, PSMA5 on SSC4, HOXC6 and HOXC8 on SSC5, ADAMTS18 on SSC6 and SOX9 on SSC12 were significantly associated with the kyphosis trait in the F2 population of swine (P <= 0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that this kyphosis trait may be affected by several loci and that these may differ by population. Carcass value could be improved by effectively removing this undesirable trait from pig populations. C1 [Lindholm-Perry, Amanda K.; Rohrer, Gary A.; Kuehn, Larry A.; Keele, John W.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Nonneman, Dan J.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Holl, Justin W.] Smithfield Premium Genet Grp, Rose Hill, NC 28458 USA. RP Lindholm-Perry, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM amanda.lindholm@ars.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 112 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-11-112 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 704KG UT WOS:000286051300001 PM 21176156 ER PT J AU Irwin, P Martin, J Nguyen, LH He, YP Gehring, A Chen, CY AF Irwin, Peter Martin, Justin Nguyen, Ly-Huong He, Yiping Gehring, Andrew Chen, Chin-Yi TI Antimicrobial activity of spherical silver nanoparticles prepared using a biocompatible macromolecular capping agent: evidence for induction of a greatly prolonged bacterial lag phase SO JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH; SIZE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPRISMS; RESONANCE; CURVE; SHAPE AB Background: We have evaluated the antimicrobial properties of Ag-based nanoparticles (Nps) using two solid phase bioassays and found that 10-20 mu L of 0.3-3 mu M keratin-stabilized Nps (depending on the starting bacterial concentration = C(1)) completely inhibited the growth of an equivalent volume of ca. 10(3) to 10(4) colony forming units per mL (CFU mL(-1)) Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, or Escherichia coli O157:H7 on solid surfaces. Even after one week at 37 degrees C on solid media, no growth was observed. At lower Np concentrations (= [Np] s), visible colonies were observed but they eventually ceased growing. Results: To further study the physiology of this growth inhibition, we repeated these experiments in liquid phase by observing microbial growth via optical density at 590 nm (OD) at 37 degrees C in the presence of a [Np] = 0 to 10(-6) M. To extract various growth parameters we fit all OD[t] data to a common sigmoidal function which provides measures of the beginning and final OD values, a first-order rate constant (k), as well as the time to calculated 1/2-maximal OD (t(m)) which is a function of C(1), k, as well as the microbiological lag time (T). Performing such experiments using a 96-well microtitre plate reader, we found that growth always occurred in solution but tm varied between 7 (controls; C(1) = 8 x 103 CFU mL(-1)) and > 20 hrs using either the citrate-([Np] similar to 3 x 10(-7) M) or keratin-based ([Np] similar to 10(-6) M) Nps and observed that {partial derivative t(m)/partial derivative[Np]}(citrate) similar to 5 x 10(7) and {partial derivative t(m)/partial derivative[Np]}(keratin) similar to 10(7) hr.L mol(-1). We also found that there was little effect of Nps on S. aureus growth rates which varied only between k = 1.0 and 1.2 hr(-1) (1.1 +/- 0.075 hr(-1)). To test the idea that the Nps were changing the initial concentration (C(1)) of bacteria (i.e., cell death), we performed probabilistic calculations assuming that the perturbations in t(m) were due to C(1) alone. We found that such large perturbations in t(m) could only come about at a C(1) where the probability of any growth at all was small. This result indicates that much of the Np-induced change in t(m) was due to a greatly increased T (e. g., from ca. 1 to 15-20 hrs). For the solid phase assays we hypothesize that the bacteria eventually became non-culturable since they were inhibited from undergoing further cell division (T > many days). Conclusion: We propose that the difference between the solid and liquid system relates to the obvious difference in the exposure, or residence, time of the Nps with respect to the bacterial cell membrane inasmuch as when small, Np-inhibited colonies were selected and streaked on fresh (i.e., no Nps present) media, growth proceeded normally: e.g., a small, growth-inhibited colony resulted in a plateful of typical S. aureus colonies when streaked on fresh, solid media. C1 [Irwin, Peter; Martin, Justin; Nguyen, Ly-Huong; He, Yiping; Gehring, Andrew; Chen, Chin-Yi] ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Martin, Justin] PPG Ind Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Irwin, P (reprint author), ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM peter.irwin@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-3155 J9 J NANOBIOTECHNOL JI J. Nanobiotechnol. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 8 AR 34 DI 10.1186/1477-3155-8-34 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 708PX UT WOS:000286377300001 PM 21176159 ER PT J AU Durk, RC Singh, K Cornelison, CA Rai, DK Matzek, KB Leslie, MD Schafer, E Marchand, B Adedeji, A Michailidis, E Dorst, CA Moran, J Pautler, C Rodriguez, LL McIntosh, MA Rieder, E Sarafianos, SG AF Durk, Ryan C. Singh, Kamalendra Cornelison, Ceili A. Rai, Devendra K. Matzek, Kayla B. Leslie, Maxwell D. Schafer, Elizabeth Marchand, Bruno Adedeji, Adeyemi Michailidis, Eleftherios Dorst, Christopher A. Moran, Jennifer Pautler, Christie Rodriguez, Luis L. McIntosh, Mark A. Rieder, Elizabeth Sarafianos, Stefan G. TI Inhibitors of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Targeting a Novel Pocket of the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; I KLENOW FRAGMENT; HEPATITIS-C; NS5B POLYMERASE; ACTIVE-SITE; NONNUCLEOSIDE INHIBITOR; DRUG-RESISTANCE; RIBAVIRIN; MECHANISMS; REPLICATION AB Background: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that infects cloven-hoofed animals and leads to severe losses in livestock production. In the case of an FMD outbreak, emergency vaccination requires at least 7 days to trigger an effective immune response. There are currently no approved inhibitors for the treatment or prevention of FMDV infections. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a luciferase-based assay we screened a library of compounds and identified seven novel inhibitors of 3Dpol, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of FMDV. The compounds inhibited specifically 3Dpol (IC(50)s from 2-17 mu M) and not other viral or bacterial polymerases. Enzyme kinetic studies on the inhibition mechanism by compounds 5D9 and 7F8 showed that they are non-competitive inhibitors with respect to NTP and nucleic acid substrates. Molecular modeling and docking studies into the 3Dpol structure revealed an inhibitor binding pocket proximal to, but distinct from the 3Dpol catalytic site. Residues surrounding this pocket are conserved among all 60 FMDV subtypes. Site directed mutagenesis of two residues located at either side of the pocket caused distinct resistance to the compounds, demonstrating that they indeed bind at this site. Several compounds inhibited viral replication with 5D9 suppressing virus production in FMDV-infected cells with EC(50) = 12 mu M and EC(90) = 20 mu M). Significance: We identified several non-competitive inhibitors of FMDV 3Dpol that target a novel binding pocket, which can be used for future structure-based drug design studies. Such studies can lead to the discovery of even more potent antivirals that could provide alternative or supplementary options to contain future outbreaks of FMD. C1 [Durk, Ryan C.; Singh, Kamalendra; Cornelison, Ceili A.; Rai, Devendra K.; Matzek, Kayla B.; Leslie, Maxwell D.; Marchand, Bruno; Adedeji, Adeyemi; Michailidis, Eleftherios; Dorst, Christopher A.; Moran, Jennifer; Pautler, Christie; Sarafianos, Stefan G.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Christopher Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Schafer, Elizabeth; Rodriguez, Luis L.; Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. RP Durk, RC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Christopher Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM sarafianoss@missouri.edu RI Rai, Devendra/J-3857-2013; OI Rai, Devendra/0000-0001-9035-685X; Sarafianos, Stefan G/0000-0002-5840-154X FU United States Department of Agriculture [ARS-58-1940-5-519]; National Institutes of Health [AI076119, AI079801, AI074389]; AmfAR Mathilde Kim Fellowship; Korea Food & Drug Administration; Ministry of Knowledge and Economy, Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (ARS-58-1940-5-519 to SGS); Salary support was also provided by the National Institutes of Health (AI076119, AI079801, and AI074389); AmfAR Mathilde Kim Fellowship grant to BM; and from the Korea Food & Drug Administration and the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy, Bilateral International Collaborative R&D Program, Republic of Korea. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15049 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015049 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 698EY UT WOS:000285576900016 PM 21203539 ER PT J AU Ji, GS Bai, GH Zhang, QJ AF Ji Gui-su Bai Gui-hua Zhang Qing-jiang TI Diversity of Growth Habits and Their Association with VRN Allele of 81 American Wheat Lines SO AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES IN CHINA LA English DT Article DE wheat; growth habit; identification; VRN allele; diversity ID VERNALIZATION GENES; POLYPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; BARLEY; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; EARLINESS; WINTER; LOCI AB Eighty-one wheat accessions including 50 southern regional performance nursery (SRPN) lines and 31 northern regional performance nursery (NRPN) lines from the United States were tested to evaluate the growth habit by chilling treatments and to estimate the VRN allele variation with 19 pairs of published VRN primers Two spring wheat accessions and 44 semi-spring wheat accessions were confirmed based on their chilling days' requirement and polymorphism was found at VRN loci The Vrn-A1 allele had the highest frequency in the RPN accessions and VA1-CAPs markers identified growth habit of RPN lines No polymorphism was found at the VRN3 loci and some polymorphism at the region of promoter and the first intron of VRN1 was not always consistent to growth habit in the wheat RPN accessions The existence of variation in VRN alleles suggested that singly using the dominant Vrn allele is possible to extend the diversity of wheat accessions and improve their adaption to different environments in autumn-sowing region This information will be useful for the cultivars exploitation and wheat breeding program C1 [Ji Gui-su; Zhang Qing-jiang] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Millet Crops Improvement Ctr, Millet Crops Inst, Shijiazhuang 050031, Peoples R China. [Bai Gui-hua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. RP Ji, GS (reprint author), Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Millet Crops Improvement Ctr, Millet Crops Inst, Shijiazhuang 050031, Peoples R China. FU Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China [C2006000720]; Hebei Excellent Expert Training Oversea Project, China FX The materials and facilities of this study were offered by the Plant Science and Entomology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, USA This research was partly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (C2006000720) and the Hebei Excellent Expert Training Oversea Project, China NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1671-2927 J9 AGR SCI CHINA JI Agric. Sci. China PD DEC 20 PY 2010 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1705 EP 1712 DI 10.1016/S1671.2927(09)60269-8 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 694WB UT WOS:000285328600002 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Worth, RA Zack, RS AF Landolt, Peter J. Worth, Richard A. Zack, Richard S. TI FIRST REPORT OF HECATERA DYSODEA (DENIS AND SCHIFFERMULLER) (NOCTUIDAE) IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST OF THE UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE host plant; introduction; moth; trap; Oregon; Washington AB New geographic records are reported for the noctuid moth Hecatera dysodea (Denis & Schiffermuller). It is a Palearctic species, but is now found in a broadly contiguous area of Oregon and Washington in the United States. This area is comprised of 7 counties across much of the north of Oregon and into 4 counties of southern Washington. Moths were captured in several types of survey traps baited with insect pheromones and feeding attractants, as well as blacklight traps, from 2003 to 2009. Larvae were collected on flower stalks of prickly lettuce, Lactuca serriola L. (Asteraceae), from June into September, suggesting multivoltinism. Collection records over time indicate a possibly rapidly expanding distribution of the species. C1 [Landolt, Peter J.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Worth, Richard A.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Zack, Richard S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM peter.landolt@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CAPS [03-8584-0698, 058584-0260, 07-8584-0260, 07-8584-1095]; U.S. Forest Service [2007CA-11062754-220]; Washington State Potato Commission FX We thank J. Donald Lafontaine, Steve Passoa, Mike Pogue, and Lars Crabo for identification of specimens, J. Donald Lafontaine, Steve Passoa, Martin Honey, and Colin Plant for help with references, Steve Valley for digital images, Shirley Reed, William Rivers, and Todd Adams for field support, and Jim Hansen for preparing the distribution map. John Davis of Stevenson, Washington kindly contributed collection information for Portland, Oregon and Stevenson, Washington. Helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript were made by James Hansen, Michael Pogue and Wee Yee. This study was supported in part by funding to the Oregon Department of Agriculture from USDA-CAPS grants #03-8584-0698 CA, #058584-0260 CA, #07-8584-0260 CA, and #07-8584-1095, U.S. Forest Service grant 2007CA-11062754-220 and funding to Washington State University from the Washington State Potato Commission. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 701WF UT WOS:000285855200003 ER PT J AU Amstrup, SC DeWeaver, ET Douglas, DC Marcot, BG Durner, GM Bitz, CM Bailey, DA AF Amstrup, Steven C. DeWeaver, Eric T. Douglas, David C. Marcot, Bruce G. Durner, George M. Bitz, Cecilia M. Bailey, David A. TI Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE COMMITMENT; SYSTEM; 21ST-CENTURY; CONSERVATION; POLICY; CCSM3 AB On the basis of projected losses of their essential sea-ice habitats, a United States Geological Survey research team concluded in 2007 that two-thirds of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) could disappear by mid-century if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue(1-3). That projection, however, did not consider the possible benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation. A key question is whether temperature increases lead to proportional losses of sea-ice habitat, or whether sea-ice cover crosses a tipping point and irreversibly collapses when temperature reaches a critical threshold(4-6). Such a tipping point would mean future greenhouse gas mitigation would confer no conservation benefits to polar bears. Here we show, using a general circulation model(7), that substantially more sea-ice habitat would be retained if greenhouse gas rise is mitigated. We also show, with Bayesian network model outcomes, that increased habitat retention under greenhouse gas mitigation means that polar bears could persist throughout the century in greater numbers and more areas than in the business-as-usual case(3). Our general circulation model outcomes did not reveal thresholds leading to irreversible loss of ice(6); instead, a linear relationship between global mean surface air temperature and sea-ice habitat substantiated the hypothesis that sea-ice thermodynamics can overcome albedo feedbacks proposed to cause sea-ice tipping points(5,6,8). Our outcomes indicate that rapid summer ice losses in models(9) and observations(6,10) represent increased volatility of a thinning sea-ice cover, rather than tipping-point behaviour. Mitigation-driven Bayesian network outcomes show that previously predicted declines in polar bear distribution and numbers(3) are not unavoidable. Because polar bears are sentinels of the Arctic marine ecosystem(11) and trends in their sea-ice habitats foreshadow future global changes, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to improve polar bear status would have conservation benefits throughout and beyond the Arctic(12). C1 [Amstrup, Steven C.; Durner, George M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [DeWeaver, Eric T.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Bitz, Cecilia M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bailey, David A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), Polar Bears Int, 810 N Wallace,Suite E,POB 3008, Bozeman, MT 59772 USA. EM samstrup@pbears.org RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 FU USGS; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [ER64735]; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Office of Polar Programs [0908675] FX Principal funding for this project was provided by the USGS. B. G. M. acknowledges support from the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. E. T. D. acknowledges the support of the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, under grant ER64735 to the University of Maryland. E.D.'s work also was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) during his employment there. The findings reported here, however, are not endorsed by and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. CCSM3 simulations were performed using computing resources provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Earth Simulator in Japan. D. A. B. was supported under a grant from the NSF Office of Polar Programs, award number 0908675. M. Holland provided comments regarding model design and analysis. We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for their roles in making available the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 multi-model data set (support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy). We thank W. Washington and L. Buja for running the AS and providing us with the output from the CCSP integrations. We thank D. Vongraven and S. Vavrus for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and we thank N. Lunn and L. Peacock for providing the peer reviews necessary for the beta version of our Bayesian network model. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the US government. NR 37 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 22 U2 197 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7326 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.1038/nature09653 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695BC UT WOS:000285344600045 PM 21164484 ER PT J AU Xu, ZY Yu, JZ Cho, JM Yu, J Kohel, RJ Percy, RG AF Xu, Zhanyou Yu, John Z. Cho, Jaemin Yu, Jing Kohel, Russell J. Percy, Richard G. TI Polyploidization Altered Gene Functions in Cotton (Gossypium spp.) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; HIRSUTUM L FIBER; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT; CELL ELONGATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MYB GENE; EXPRESSION; GENOME AB Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an important crop plant that is widely grown to produce both natural textile fibers and cottonseed oil. Cotton fibers, the economically more important product of the cotton plant, are seed trichomes derived from individual cells of the epidermal layer of the seed coat. It has been known for a long time that large numbers of genes determine the development of cotton fiber, and more recently it has been determined that these genes are distributed across At and Dt subgenomes of tetraploid AD cottons. In the present study, the organization and evolution of the fiber development genes were investigated through the construction of an integrated genetic and physical map of fiber development genes whose functions have been verified and confirmed. A total of 535 cotton fiber development genes, including 103 fiber transcription factors, 259 fiber development genes, and 173 SSR-contained fiber ESTs, were analyzed at the subgenome level. A total of 499 fiber related contigs were selected and assembled. Together these contigs covered about 151 Mb in physical length, or about 6.7% of the tetraploid cotton genome. Among the 499 contigs, 397 were anchored onto individual chromosomes. Results from our studies on the distribution patterns of the fiber development genes and transcription factors between the At and Dt subgenomes showed that more transcription factors were from Dt subgenome than At, whereas more fiber development genes were from At subgenome than Dt. Combining our mapping results with previous reports that more fiber QTLs were mapped in Dt subgenome than At subgenome, the results suggested a new functional hypothesis for tetraploid cotton. After the merging of the two diploid Gossypium genomes, the At subgenome has provided most of the genes for fiber development, because it continues to function similar to its fiber producing diploid A genome ancestor. On the other hand, the Dt subgenome, with its non-fiber producing D genome ancestor, provides more transcription factors that regulate the expression of the fiber genes in the At subgenome. This hypothesis would explain previously published mapping results. At the same time, this integrated map of fiber development genes would provide a framework to clone individual full-length fiber genes, to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of the fiber differentiation, elongation, and maturation, and to systematically study the functional network of these genes that interact during the process of fiber development in the tetraploid cottons. C1 [Xu, Zhanyou; Yu, John Z.; Cho, Jaemin; Yu, Jing; Kohel, Russell J.; Percy, Richard G.] USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Xu, ZY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. EM john.yu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6202-21000-025-00D] FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS project "Cotton Genomics and Genetic Analysis" (Project Number: 6202-21000-025-00D). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14351 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014351 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695OI UT WOS:000285381200007 PM 21179551 ER PT J AU Kumar, V Guerrero, FM Tansel, B Savabi, MR AF Kumar, Vivek Guerrero, Felipe M. Tansel, Berrin Savabi, M. Reza TI Hydro-physical characteristics of selected media used for containerized agriculture systems SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Nurseries; Water infiltration; Best management practices; Water retention; Particle size distribution; Containerized agriculture systems; Soil-water interactions ID WATER-RETENTION AB Containerized plant production represents an extremely intensive agricultural practice with large amounts of moisture and fertilizer application. Hydro-physical characteristics such as water infiltration, texture and structure, particle size distribution affect the quality of the media used in containerized agricultural systems and the water availability to plants. Water retention characteristics depend on particle size distribution as well as the composition of the media used. Materials with coarser particles allow faster percolation of water and also retain relatively higher amounts moisture per unit weight due to higher porosity, while draining faster due to smaller surface area per unit weight. Faster drainage can result into airflow through coarser materials causing the media to dry. The objectives of this study were to characterize the selected hydro-physical properties of plant growth media that are commonly used by nurseries in South Florida. Characterization of the plant growing media can allow modeling of soil-water interactions and development of best management practices for more efficient use of water and agrochemicals by nurseries. Experimental analyses were performed to characterize the plant growth mixtures in terms of particle size distribution and hydraulic conductivity using three different methods (i.e., constant head permeability, falling head permeability test, and tension infiltrometer test). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by constant head method ranged from 0.029 to 0.042 cm/s (104-151 cm/h) and by falling head method ranged from 0.078 to 0.112 cm/s (281-403 cm/h). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by tension infiltrometer ranged from 0.02 to 0.34 cm/h. Understanding water retention and permeation characteristics of the plant growing media could assist development of best management practices (BMP) for containerized agricultural systems for efficient management of irrigation water and agrochemical use. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Savabi, M. Reza] ARS, USDA, Miami, FL USA. EM tanselb@fiu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 98 IS 2 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.08.023 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 696PB UT WOS:000285452200010 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Reedy, RC Gates, JB Gowda, PH AF Scanlon, B. R. Reedy, R. C. Gates, J. B. Gowda, P. H. TI Impact of agroecosystems on groundwater resources in the Central High Plains, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; Irrigation sustainability; Unsaturated zone hydrology; Groundwater depletion; Groundwater degradation; Irrigated agriculture ID WESTERN MURRAY BASIN; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LAND-USE; UNSATURATED ZONE; UNITED-STATES; RECHARGE; WATER; THICK; TEXAS; SALINIZATION AB Agroecosystems impact water resources by consuming most fresh water through irrigation and by changing water partitioning at the land surface. The study assesses impacts of agroecosystems on groundwater resources in the Texas Central High Plains (37,000 km(2) area) by evaluating temporal variations in groundwater storage and quality. Percolation/recharge rates were estimated using groundwater Cl data and using unsaturated zone matric potential and water-extractable chloride and nitrate from 33 boreholes beneath different agroecosystems. Total groundwater storage decreased by 57 km(3) since the 1950s when irrigation began and individual well hydrographs had declines <= 1.3 m/yr. The renewable portion of groundwater is controlled by percolation/recharge, which is related to soil texture and land use. In fine-medium (f-m) grained soils, there is no recharge beneath natural ecosystems or rain-fed agroecosystems; however, recharge is focused beneath playas and drainages. In medium-coarse (m-c) grained soils, percolation/recharge is low (median 4.8 mm/yr) beneath natural ecosystems and is moderate (median 27 mm/yr) beneath rain-fed agroecosystems. Although irrigation increased percolation under all soil types (median 37 mm/yr), irrigation return flow has not recharged the aquifer in most areas because of deep water tables. Groundwater depletion (21 km(3) over 52 yr) is 10 times greater than recharge (11 mm/yr; 2.1 km(3)) where water table declines are greatest (>= 30 m). Therefore, current irrigation practices are not sustainable and constitute mining of the aquifer, which is being managed as a nonrenewable resource. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scanlon, B. R.; Reedy, R. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Gates, J. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Gowda, P. H.] ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 FU Panhandle Groundwater Conservation District FX We are very grateful to C. E. Williams of the Panhandle Groundwater Conservation District, who provided funding for this study, and Amy Crowell (Panhandle Groundwater Conservation District) and Thomas Marek (Texas A&M University, Agricultural Research Extension Center) for obtaining access to properties for drilling and land use histories. We appreciate the cooperation of property owners who willingly provided access to their properties for drilling. Publication authorized by the Director. Bureau of Economic Geology. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 139 IS 4 BP 700 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.017 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720JN UT WOS:000287277100029 ER PT J AU Maher, RM Asbjornsen, H Kolka, RK Cambardella, CA Raich, JW AF Maher, Ryan M. Asbjornsen, Heidi Kolka, Randall K. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Raich, James W. TI Changes in soil respiration across a chronosequence of tallgrass prairie reconstructions SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil respiration; Tallgrass prairie; Grassland age; Root biomass; Belowground carbon; Aboveground production ID CO2 FLUX; MINNESOTA GRASSLAND; CARBON; PRODUCTIVITY; RESTORATION; AGROECOSYSTEMS; DETERMINANTS; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Close relationships among climatic factors and soil respiration (R(s)) are commonly reported. However, variation in R(s) across the landscape is compounded by site-specific differences that impede the development of spatially explicit models. Among factors that influence R(s), the effect of ecosystem age is poorly documented. We hypothesized that R(s) increases with grassland age and tested this hypothesis in a chronosequence of tallgrass prairie reconstructions in central Iowa, U.S.A. We also assessed changes in root biomass, root ingrowth, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and the strength of soil temperature and moisture in predicting R(s). We found a significant increase in total growing season R(s) with prairie age (R(2) = 0.79), ranging from 714 g C m(-2) in the youngest reconstruction (age 4) to 939 g C m(-2) in the oldest prairie (age 12). Soil temperature was a strong predictor of intra-seasonal R(s) among prairies (R(2) = 0.78-0.87) but mean growing season soil temperature and moisture did not relate to total R(s). The increase in R(s) with age was positively correlated with root biomass (r = 0.80) and ANPP (r = 0.87) but not with root ingrowth. Our findings suggest that growing season Rs increases with tallgrass prairie age, root biomass, and ANPP during young grassland development. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maher, Ryan M.; Asbjornsen, Heidi] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Raich, James W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Maher, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmaher11@gmail.com FU The Nature Conservancy FX The authors appreciate the cooperation of the staff of Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge and the logistical support of P. Drobney. We are also grateful to M. Helmers, P. Weishampel, D. Olson, T. Sauer, T. Kaspar, and B. Knudson for their technical assistance and O. Valverde-Barrantes and J. Huckett for support in statistical analyses. D. Williams, Z. Stumo, A. Demeestere, P. Alemu, J. Freeman, and S. Jacobsen generously contributed to the collection of field data and laboratory processing. The Nature Conservancy provided partial support through the Nebraska Chapter's J.E. Weaver Competitive Grants Program. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 139 IS 4 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.009 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720JN UT WOS:000287277100035 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Kiniry, JR Johnson, MVV AF Haney, Richard L. Kiniry, James R. Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. TI Soil microbial activity under different grass species: Underground impacts of biofuel cropping SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Carbon mineralization; Nitrogen mineralization; Soil microbial biomass; Soil organic carbon; Water extractable organic carbon ID ORGANIC-CARBON; BIOENERGY CROPS; NITROGEN; SWITCHGRASS; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; SEASON; MINERALIZATION; FORESTS; ENERGY AB Microbial and plant communities interact to determine local nutrient cycling rates. As lands are converted to bioenergy crops, including corn and cellulosic grasses, focus has been on changes in soil carbon sequestration. Little attention has been paid to impacts of such land conversion on the activity of belowground communities. We hypothesized that in addition to affecting soil organic carbon (SOC), monoculture species establishments have appreciable effects on microbial community activity, as evidenced by N and C mineralization rates. We compared soil microbial response in soils under long-term corn (Zea mays L) production to soils under 10-year old monocultures of four warm-season perennial grasses (switch-grass (Panicum virgatum L), coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.], sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey] and buffalo grass [Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus]). All assayed perennial systems had higher SOC and water extractable organic C (WEOC) than the annual corn system. However, of all the perennial grasses, switchgrass soils had the lowest SOC and WEOC values, and the lowest 28-day C and N mineralization rates. This study indicates that soil microbial activities under buffalograss stands are more active than those under sideoats grama, switchgrass, coastal bermudagrass, or corn. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haney, Richard L.; Kiniry, James R.; Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM rick.haney@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 139 IS 4 BP 754 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.003 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720JN UT WOS:000287277100036 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Griffis, TJ AF Baker, John M. Griffis, Timothy J. TI A simple, accurate, field-portable mixing ratio generator and Rayleigh distillation device SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mixing ratio; Humidity calibration; Water vapor generator ID VAPOR-PRESSURE; WATER; PRECISION; FLUXES AB Routine field calibration of water vapor analyzers has always been a challenging problem for those making long-term flux measurements at remote sites. Automated sampling of standard gases from compressed tanks, the method of choice for CO(2) calibration, cannot be used for H(2)O. Calibrations are typically done manually with a dew point generator, and as a consequence are done less frequently, degrading the accuracy and utility of H(2)O flux data. To remedy this, we have designed, built and tested a field-portable mixing ratio generator, also including features that facilitate its use in water vapor isotope research. It consists of an aluminum cell, with a usable capacity of 80 cm(3), that is coupled to a Peltier heater/cooler and encased in insulation. The temperature of water in the cell is monitored with a thermocouple and a pressure transducer is used to measure the cell pressure. A data logger uses this information to compute the mixing ratio in the cell and control the polarity and duty cycle of the power input to the Peltier block in order to drive the system toward the desired mixing ratio and to maintain it. Incoming air enters through a bubbler and the exiting air is directed to the gas analyzer. A separate fitting mates to a syringe, allowing easy filling and draining of the cell. The cost of the components, exclusive of the data logger, is approximately 1100 USD. Power consumption is low, on the order of 10 W, facilitating use at remote sites. As a consequence, the response time of the instrument is relatively slow, but could be substantially improved for situations where dynamic response is more important than power consumption. Testing has shown that the unit is accurate over a broad range of mixing ratios, able to compensate for changes in ambient pressure, and stable for long periods of time. In addition, it has been used to generate Rayleigh distillation plots, demonstrating its utility for routinely checking the performance of water vapor isotope lasers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baker, John M.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.; Griffis, Timothy J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water &Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM john.baker@ars.usda.gov RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 150 IS 12 BP 1607 EP 1611 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.08.008 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687NI UT WOS:000284784800011 ER PT J AU Mizuno, CS Paul, S Suh, N Rimando, AM AF Mizuno, Cassia S. Paul, Shiby Suh, Nanjoo Rimando, Agnes M. TI Synthesis and biological evaluation of retinoid-chalcones as inhibitors of colon cancer cell growth SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chalcones; Retinoids; HT-29 cells; Colon cancer ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; DERIVATIVES; PTEROSTILBENE; PATHWAY; DESIGN; MICE AB Based on the observed anticancer activity of chalcones and retinoids, a novel class of retinoid-chalcone hybrids was designed and synthesized. As part of our ongoing studies to discover natural product based anticancer compounds, the retinoid-chalcone hybrids were tested against the colon cancer cell line HT-29. Retinoid like moiety was introduced through Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene. Among the synthesized compounds, the cyano derivative (E)-3-(3-oxo-3-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetra-hydronaphthalen-2-yl) prop-1-enyl) benzonitrile 8 showed submicromolar inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.66 mu M. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mizuno, Cassia S.; Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Paul, Shiby; Suh, Nanjoo] Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Dept Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Mizuno, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM cmizuno@olemiss.edu FU NIEHS [P30ES005022]; State University of New Jersey FX This research was supported in part by NIEHS P30ES005022 and the Trustees Research Fellowship Program at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. We would like to thank Mrs. Juanita Boutin for proofreading this manuscript. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 24 BP 7385 EP 7387 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.038 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 681QW UT WOS:000284332900044 PM 21041085 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Blumberg, JB Chen, CYO AF Bolling, Bradley W. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver TI The influence of roasting, pasteurisation, and storage on the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of California almond skins SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Almonds; Polyphenols; Flavonoids; Antioxidant; Storage; Accelerated ageing ID PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION; SENSORY PROPERTIES; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; HUMAN LDL; OXIDATION; CONSUMPTION; FLAVONOIDS; SEEDS; NUTS; QUANTIFICATION AB Polyphenols and antioxidant activity of skins from California almonds subjected to roasting, pasteurisation, and storage were determined by LC-MS quantification, total phenols (TP), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Pasteurisation did not significantly change TP, FRAP, or flavonoids and phenolic acids (FP). Roasted almonds had 26% less TP and 34% less FRAP than raw, but equivalent FP (n = 12). Storing almonds at 4 and 23 degrees C for 15 mo resulted in gradual increases in FP, up to 177% and 200%, respectively (n = 13). At 4 degrees C and 15 mo, polyphenols increased 18-fold for p-hydroxybenzoic acid, whilst others were 45-200% higher compared to baseline values. Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside accounted for 48% of the increase in FP. After 15 mo, FRAP and TP increased to 200% and 190% of initial values. Accelerated ageing of whole almonds increased FP content by 10% after 3 days, but TP and FRAP values were not significantly different from baseline to day 10. Thus, in almond skins, roasting decreases TP and FRAP but not FP, whilst storage for up to 15 mo doubles FP. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bolling, Bradley W.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [K12GM074869]; Almond Board of California FX Supported by the Almond Board of California, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, and K12GM074869 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the NIGMS, NIH, or USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the US government. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 123 IS 4 BP 1040 EP 1047 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.058 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 639XL UT WOS:000281010300012 ER PT J AU Correa, CR Li, L Aldini, G Carini, M Chen, CYO Chun, HK Cho, SM Park, KM Russell, RM Blumberg, JB Yeum, KJ AF Correa, Camila R. Li, Lei Aldini, Giancarlo Carini, Marina Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Chun, Hye-Kyung Cho, Soo-Muk Park, Ki-Moon Russell, Robert M. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Yeum, Kyung-Jin TI Composition and stability of phytochemicals in five varieties of black soybeans (Glycine max) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Variety; Stability; Lutein; Tocopherol; Daidzein; Genistein ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN OXIDATION; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY ASSAY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM-LIPIDS; VITAMIN-C; L. MERR.; SUPPLEMENTATION; ANTHOCYANINS; IDENTIFICATION AB Phytochemical compositions of five varieties of black soybeans (Glycine max) and their stabilities at room temperature, 4 and -80 degrees C over 14 months were determined by HPLC systems with electrochemical (ECD) and UV detectors. Polyphenol profiling was carried out by a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) with orbitrap as a mass analyser in both positive and negative ion modes, and polyphenols in aglycone forms were quantified by HPLC-ECD. Five different varieties of black soybeans (G. max) contained 249-405 mu g/g dry wt of gamma-tocopherol and 6.76-14.98 mu g/g dry wt of lutein. Major polyphenols in black soybeans (G. max) were daidzein (193-288 mu g/g dry wt) and genistein (145-223 mu g/g dry wt), mainly present as glucosides and acetyl glucosides. No significant decrease was found in total phenols of black soybeans (G. max) stored at room temperature, 4 or -80 degrees C for 14 months. On the other hand, lutein and gamma-tocopherol degraded significantly within a month of storage at room temperature (p < 0.01), whereas they remained stable up to 6 months at 4 C and up to 14 months at -80 degrees C. The current study indicates that black soybeans (G. max) are rich source of gamma-tocopherol and phenols (isoflavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin) and that the levels vary depending upon varieties. In addition, storage at low temperature is recommended to reduce the loss of fat-soluble phytochemicals in black soybeans (G. max) over an extended period of time. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Correa, Camila R.; Li, Lei; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Ageing, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Li, Lei] Qingdao Univ, Coll Med, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Aldini, Giancarlo; Carini, Marina] Univ Milan, Dept Pharmaceut Sci Pietro Pratesi, Milan, Italy. [Chun, Hye-Kyung; Cho, Soo-Muk] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Ki-Moon] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Russell, Robert M.] NIH, Off Director, Washington, DC USA. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Ageing, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@Tufts.edu RI CARINI, MARINA/D-3084-2015 OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744; CARINI, MARINA/0000-0003-3407-5425 FU BioGreen 21 Program [20070301034009]; Rural Development Administration; Korea and US Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-065-08S] FX This research has been supported in part by the BioGreen 21 Program (Code #20070301034009), Rural Development Administration, Korea and US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement 1950-51000-065-08S. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 123 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.083 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 639XL UT WOS:000281010300032 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Long, S Thangavel, P Minocha, SC Eagar, C Driscoll, CT AF Minocha, Rakesh Long, Stephanie Thangavel, Palaniswamy Minocha, Subhash C. Eagar, Christopher Driscoll, Charles T. TI Elevation dependent sensitivity of northern hardwoods to Ca addition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American beech; Amino acids; Calcium; Polyamines; Sugar maple; Yellow birch ID SUGAR MAPLE; RED SPRUCE; CALCIUM ADDITION; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; TEMPERATE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; POPLAR CELLS; AMINO-ACIDS; SOIL; GROWTH AB Acidic deposition has caused a depletion of calcium (Ca) in the northeastern forest soils. Wollastonite (Ca silicate) was added to watershed 1 (WS1) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in 1999 to evaluate its effects on various functions of the HBEF ecosystem. The effects of Ca addition on foliar soluble (extractable in 5% HCIO(4)) ions, chlorophyll, polyamines, and amino acids were studied in three hardwood species, namely sugar maple, yellow birch, and American beech. We further analyzed these effects in relation to elevation at Ca-supplemented WS1 and reference WS3 watersheds. Foliar soluble Ca increased significantly in all species at mid and high elevations at Ca-supplemented WS1. This was accompanied by increases in soluble P. chlorophyll, and two amino acids, glutamate and glycine. A decrease in known metabolic indicators of physiological stress (i.e., the amino acids, arginine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the diamine, putrescine) was also observed. In general, these changes were species-specific and occurred in an elevation dependent manner. Despite an observed increase in Ca at high elevation for all three species, only sugar maple exhibited a decrease in foliar putrescine at this elevation indicating possible remediation from Ca deficiency. At higher elevations of the reference WS3 site, foliar concentrations of Ca and Mg, as well as Ca:Mn ratios were lower, whereas Al, putrescine, spermidine, and GABA were generally higher. Comparison of metabolic data from these three species reinforces the earlier findings that sugar maple is the most sensitive and American beech the least sensitive species to soil Ca limitation. Furthermore, there was an increase in sensitivity with an increase in elevation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie; Thangavel, Palaniswamy; Eagar, Christopher] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Minocha, Subhash C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rminocha@unh.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC) FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Walter Shortie, Dr. Kevin Smith, Dr. Paul Schaberg, Dr. Scott Bailey, Dr. Jennifer Pontius, Dr. Peter Groffman, Dr. Dave Hollinger, Dr. Gabriela Martinez, and Dr. Timothy Fahey for their suggestions at various steps in data analysis and/or to improve the manuscript; to the field crew for help in sample collections; and to Benjamin Mayer and Kenneth R. Dudzik for technical assistance. Stream chemistry data for WS1 and WS3 were provided by Gene E. Likens through support of the National Science Foundation; www.hubbardbrook.org. This research was conducted at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is owned and operated by the USDA Forest Service, NRS and funded partially by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC). This is scientific contribution number 2375 from New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 12 BP 2115 EP 2124 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.002 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 686XX UT WOS:000284734300006 ER PT J AU Scudieri, CA Sieg, CH Haase, SM Thode, AE Sackett, SS AF Scudieri, Catherine A. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Haase, Sally M. Thode, Andrea E. Sackett, Stephen S. TI Understory vegetation response after 30 years of interval prescribed burning in two ponderosa pine sites in northern Arizona, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire frequency; Time-since-fire; Understory response; Long-term study ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; FIRE FREQUENCY; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; FORESTS; ECOSYSTEM; FLORIDA AB Southwestern USA ponderosa pine (Pin us ponderosa C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) forests evolved with frequent surface fires and have changed dramatically over the last century. Overstory tree density has sharply increased while abundance of understory vegetation has declined primarily due to the near cessation of fires. We examined effects of varying prescribed fire-return intervals (1,2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years, plus unburned) on the abundance and composition of understory vegetation in 2007 and 2008 after 30+ years of fall prescribed burning at two ponderosa pine sites. We found that after 30 years, overstory canopy cover remained high, while understory plant canopy cover was low, averaging <12% on all burn intervals. We attributed the weak understory response to a few factors - the most important of which was the high overstory cover at both sites. Graminoid cover and cover of the major grass species, Elymus elymoides (squirreltail), increased on shorter fire-return intervals compared to unburned plots, but only at one site. Community composition differed significantly between shorter fire-return intervals and unburned plots at one site, but not the other. For several response variables, precipitation levels appeared to have a stronger effect than treatments. Our findings suggest that low-severity burn treatments in southwestern ponderosa pine forests, especially those that do not decrease overstory cover, are minimally effective in increasing understory plant cover. Thinning of these dense forests along with prescribed burning is necessary to increase cover of understory vegetation. (C) 2010 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Scudieri, Catherine A.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Scudieri, Catherine A.; Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Haase, Sally M.; Sackett, Stephen S.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Scudieri, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cscudieri@gmail.com; csieg@fs.fed.us; shaase@fs.fed.us; andi.thode@nau.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [06-2-1-36]; USDA FX Thanks to Jim Fowler and Laura Williams for help with plant identification, to Michael Harrington and E. Lee Fitzhugh for designing the initial understory sampling strategy, and to Rudy King and Brent Burch for statistical advice. Thanks to the field crews for their assistance and support, especially Bonni Corcoran, Gloria Burke, Jenn Watt, and Amy Van Gundy. Thanks also to the anonymous reviewers who helped us improve the manuscript. This project was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (06-2-1-36) and the USDA. Forest Service, both the Pacific Southwest and Rocky Mountain Research Stations. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 12 BP 2134 EP 2142 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.005 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 686XX UT WOS:000284734300008 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Libinaki, R Lai, CQ Meydani, M Gianello, R Ogru, E Azzi, A AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Libinaki, Roksan Lai, Chao-Qiang Meydani, Mohsen Gianello, Robert Ogru, Esra Azzi, Angelo TI Modulation of gene expression by alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl phosphate in THP-1 monocytes SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Vitamin E; Tocopherol; Tocopheryl phosphate; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Gene array; Akt; Phosphatidylinositol kinase; Free radicals ID SCAVENGER RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; FATTY-ACID UPTAKE; PROTEIN-KINASE-B; VITAMIN-E; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS PROGRESSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CANCER-CELLS AB The natural vitamin E analog a tocopheryl phosphate (alpha TP) modulates atherosclerotic and inflammatory events more efficiently than the unphosphorylated alpha-tocopherol (alpha T) To investigate the molecular mechanisms Involved we have measured plasma levels of alpha TP and compared the cellular effects of alpha T and alpha TP in THP 1 monocytes THP 1 cell proliferation is slightly increased by alpha T whereas it is inhibited by alpha TP CD36 surface expression is inhibited by aTP within hours without requiring transport of alpha TP into cells suggesting that alpha TP may bind to CD36 and/or trigger its internalization As assessed by gene expression microarrays more genes are regulated by alpha TP than by off Among a set of confirmed genes the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is induced by alpha TP as a result of activating protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) Increased Akt(Ser473) phosphorylation and induction of ROS by alpha TP occur in a wortmannin-sensitive manner indicating the involvement of phosphatidylinositol kinases The induction of Akt(Ser473) phosphorylation and ROS production by alpha TP can be attenuated by alpha T It is concluded that alpha TP and alpha T influence cell proliferation ROS production and Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation in an antagonistic manner most probably by modulating phosphatidylinositol kinases (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Meydani, Mohsen; Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Libinaki, Roksan; Gianello, Robert; Ogru, Esra] Monash Univ, Phosphagen R&D Lab, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU Phosphagenics Ltd Australia; U S Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by a research fellowship to J M Z by Phosphagenics Ltd Australia M M was supported by grants from the U S Department of Agriculture under Agreement 58-1950-7-707 Any opinions findings conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U S Department of Agriculture NR 82 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1989 EP 2000 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.034 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 696MH UT WOS:000285445000016 PM 20923704 ER PT J AU Fu, PJ Zhong, SY Whiteman, CD Horst, T Bian, XD AF Fu, Peijian Zhong, Shiyuan Whiteman, C. David Horst, Tom Bian, Xindi TI An observational study of turbulence inside a closed basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE LAYER; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; SLOPE; FLUX; INVERSIONS; VALLEY; FLOW AB Data from a flux tower on the floor of Arizona's Meteor Crater are compared to data on the plain outside the crater to determine the impact of basin topography on surface-layer mean and turbulence properties, focusing particularly on windy periods. The bowl-shaped crater amplifies the diurnal oscillations of temperature and heat fluxes, with the amplification most pronounced under quiescent synoptic conditions. The crater's rim shelters the crater atmosphere from mean background flows so that wind speeds inside the crater are usually less than half the speeds on the outside plain. But flows in the crater are much more turbulent, with turbulence presumably generated by the conversion of mean flow into turbulent motion. On days with near-surface winds outside the crater greater than 10 m s (1), turbulent kinetic energy can reach extremely large values (similar to 15 m(2) s (2)) inside the crater. Compared to the velocity and temperature spectra outside, spectral peaks occur at lower frequencies inside the crater, especially for the cross-stream wind component. The surface layer is very shallow (< 2 m) on the crater floor, suggesting that the similarity theory-based empirical formulas may not be useful for describing properties of the flow at that location. C1 [Fu, Peijian] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Educ Minist, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Whiteman, C. David] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Horst, Tom] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bian, Xindi] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Fu, PJ (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Educ Minist, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM fupj@lzu.edu.cn FU National Science Foundation [ATM 0837860, ATM 0837870]; National Science Foundation of China [40633017]; Lanzhou University FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants ATM 0837860 and ATM 0837870. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. P. Fu, who worked on the paper while on sabbatical leave from Lanzhou University, is partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China under grant 40633017. P. Fu wishes to thank J. Huang from Lanzhou University for his support. We thank the Barringer Crater Company and Meteor Crater Enterprises, Inc., for access to the Meteor Crater and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) for providing equipment, field support, and quality-controlled data sets. Steve Oncley, Bill Brown, and Gordon Maclean from EOL are especially thanked for their valuable field and data processing assistance. S. W. Hoch provided Figure 1, and M. T. Kiefer helped with Figure 13. The data processing and analysis were performed on super-computers managed and operated by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23106 DI 10.1029/2010JD014345 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696SY UT WOS:000285462900001 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RE Yang, ZG Cohen, WB AF Kennedy, Robert E. Yang, Zhigiang Cohen, Warren B. TI Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr - Temporal segmentation algorithms SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Change detection; Land cover dynamics; Land sat; Time series; Forest disturbance; Forest growth; Temporal segmentation ID MULTITEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGERY; WESTERN OREGON; VEGETATION; TM; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; HARVEST AB We introduce and test LandTrendr (Landsat-based detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery), a new approach to extract spectral trajectories of land surface change from yearly Landsat time-series stacks (LTS). The method brings together two themes in time-series analysis of LTS: capture of short-duration events and smoothing of long-term trends. Our strategy is founded on the recognition that change is not simply a contrast between conditions at two points in time, but rather a continual process operating at both fast and slow rates on landscapes. This concept requires both new algorithms to extract change and new interpretation tools to validate those algorithms. The challenge is to resolve salient features of the time series while eliminating noise introduced by ephemeral changes in illumination, phenology, atmospheric condition, and geometric registration. In the LandTrendr approach, we use relative radiometric normalization and simple cloud screening rules to create on-the-fly mosaics of multiple images per year, and extract temporal trajectories of spectral data on a pixel-by-pixel basis. We then apply temporal segmentation strategies with both regression-based and point-to-point fitting of spectral indices as a function of time, allowing capture of both slowly-evolving processes, such as regrowth, and abrupt events, such as forest harvest. Because any temporal trajectory pattern is allowable, we use control parameters and threshold-based filtering to reduce the role of false positive detections. No suitable reference data are available to assess the role of these control parameters or to test overall algorithm performance. Therefore, we also developed a companion interpretation approach founded on the same conceptual framework of capturing both long and short-duration processes, and developed a software tool to apply this concept to expert interpretation and segmentation of spectral trajectories (TimeSync, described in a companion paper by Cohen et al., 2010). These data were used as a truth set against which to evaluate the behavior of the LandTrendr algorithms applied to three spectral indices. We applied the LandTrendr algorithms to several hundred points across western Oregon and Washington (USA). Because of the diversity of potential outputs from the LTS data, we evaluated algorithm performance against summary metrics for disturbance, recovery, and stability, both for capture of events and longer-duration processes. Despite the apparent complexity of parameters, our results suggest a simple grouping of parameters along a single axis that balances the detection of abrupt events with capture of long-duration trends. Overall algorithm performance was good, capturing a wide range of disturbance and recovery phenomena, even when evaluated against a truth set that contained new targets (recovery and stability) with much subtler thresholds of change than available from prior validation datasets. Temporal segmentation of the archive appears to be a feasible and robust means of increasing information extraction from the Luldsat archive. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kennedy, Robert E.; Yang, Zhigiang] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kennedy, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Robert.kennedy@oregonstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service; NASA; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy FX The development and testing of the LandTrendr algorithms reported in this paper were made possible with support of the USDA Forest Service Northwest Forest Plan Effectiveness Monitoring Program, the North American Carbon Program through grants from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs, the NASA New Investigator Program, the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy, and the following Inventory and Monitoring networks of the National Park Service: Southwest Alaska, Sierra Nevada, Northern Colorado Plateau, and Southern Colorado Plateau. We wish to particularly thank Dr. Melinda Moeur (Region 6, USDA Forest Service) for her vision in supporting this work from the proof of concept to the implementation phase. We also wish to thank Peder Nelson and Eric Pfaff for their work on the project, and Ray Davis for helpful evaluations of the early results from the algorithms. This work was generously supported by the USGS EROS with free, high quality Landsat data before implementation of the new data policy making such data available free of charge to everyone. NR 39 TC 271 Z9 281 U1 15 U2 140 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 2897 EP 2910 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.008 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 670CZ UT WOS:000283400100007 ER PT J AU Cohen, WB Yang, ZG Kennedy, R AF Cohen, Warren B. Yang, Zhigiang Kennedy, Robert TI Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 2. TimeSync - Tools for calibration and validation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Change detection; Land cover dynamics; Landsat; Time series; Forest disturbance; Forest growth; Temporal segmentation; Calibration; Validation ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; COVER CHANGE; WESTERN OREGON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TASSELED CAP; IMAGERY; HARVEST; ACCURACY; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB Availability of free, high quality Landsat data portends a new era in remote sensing change detection. Using dense (similar to annual) Landsat time series (LTS), we can now characterize vegetation change over large areas at an annual time step and at the spatial grain of anthropogenic disturbance. Additionally, we expect more accurate detection of subtle disturbances and improved characterization in terms of both timing and intensity. For Landsat change detection in this new era of dense LTS, new detection algorithms are required, and new approaches are needed to calibrate those algorithms and to examine the veracity of their output. This paper addresses that need by presenting a new tool called TimeSync for syncing algorithm and human interpretations of LTS. The tool consists of four components: (1) a chip window within which an area of user-defined size around an area of interest (i.e., plot) is displayed as a time series of image chips which are viewed simultaneously, (2) a trajectory window within which the plot spectral properties are displayed as a trajectory of Landsat band reflectance or index through time in any band or index desired, (3) a Google Earth window where a recent high-resolution image of the plot and its neighborhood can be viewed for context, and (4) an Access database where observations about the LTS for the plot of interest are entered. In this paper, we describe how to use TimeSync to collect data over forested plots in Oregon and Washington. USA, examine the data collected with it, and then compare those data with the output from a new LTS algorithm, LandTrendr, described in a companion paper (Kennedy et al., 2010). For any given plot, both TimeSync and LandTrendr partitioned its spectral trajectory into linear sequential segments. Depending on the direction of spectral change associated with any given segment in a trajectory, the segment was assigned a label of disturbance, recovery, or stable. Each segment was associated with a start and end vertex which describe its duration. We explore a variety of ways to summarize the trajectory data and compare those summaries derived from both TimeSync and LandTrendr. One comparison, involving start vertex date and segment label, provides a direct linkage to existing change detection validation approaches that rely on contingency (error) matrices and kappa statistics. All other comparisons are unique to this study, and provide a rich set of means by which to examine algorithm veracity. One of the strengths of TimeSync is its flexibility with respect to sample design, particularly the ability to sample an area of interest with statistical validity through space and time. This is in comparison to the use of existing reference data (e.g., field or airphoto data), which, at best, exist for only parts of the area of interest, for only specific time periods, or are restricted thematically. The extant data, even though biased in their representation, can be used to ascertain the veracity of TimeSync interpretation of change. We demonstrate that process here, learning that what we cannot see with TimeSync are those changes that are not expressed in the forest canopy (e.g., pre-commercial harvest or understory burning) and that these extant reference datasets have numerous omissions that render them less than desirable for representing truth. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yang, Zhigiang; Kennedy, Robert] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service; NASA; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy FX The development and testing of TimeSync were made possible with the support of the USDA Forest Service Northwest Forest Plan Effectiveness Monitoring Program, the North American Carbon Program through grants from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs, the NASA New Investigator Program, the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy, and the following Inventory and Monitoring networks of the National Park Service: Southwest Alaska, Sierra Nevada, Northern Colorado Plateau, and Southern Colorado Plateau. We wish to particularly thank Dr. Melinda Moeur (Region 6, USDA Forest Service) for her vision in supporting this work from the proof of concept to the implementation phase. We also wish to thank Peder Nelson and Eric Pfaff for their work on the project. This work was generously supported by the USGS EROS with free, high quality Landsat data before implementation of the new data policy making such data available free of charge to everyone. NR 35 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 12 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 2911 EP 2924 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 670CZ UT WOS:000283400100008 ER PT J AU Lippolis, JD Reinhardt, TA AF Lippolis, John D. Reinhardt, Timothy A. TI Utility, limitations, and promise of proteomics in animal science SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting on Cutting Edge Technologies - Animalomics/ Conference on Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) CY DEC 07-09, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Vet Immunologists DE Proteomics; Mass spectrometry; Protein expression ID SPECTROMETRY-BASED PROTEOMICS; FAT GLOBULE-MEMBRANE; QUANTITATIVE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORGANELLE PROTEOMICS; HUMAN PLASMA; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDE; MILK AB Proteomics experiments have the ability to simultaneously identify and quantify thousands of proteins in one experiment. The use of this technology in veterinary/animal science is still in its infancy, yet it holds significant promise as a method for advancing veterinary/animal science research. Examples of current experimental designs and capabilities of proteomic technology and basic principles of mass spectrometry are discussed. in addition, challenges and limitations of proteomics are presented, stressing those that are unique to veterinary/animal sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lippolis, John D.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lippolis, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.lippolis@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 SI SI BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.003 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 697QX UT WOS:000285531500002 PM 21074277 ER PT J AU Boehmer, JL DeGrasse, JA McFarland, MA Tall, EA Shefcheck, KJ Ward, JL Bannerman, DD AF Boehmer, Jamie L. DeGrasse, Jeffrey A. McFarland, Melinda A. Tall, Elizabeth A. Shefcheck, Kevin J. Ward, Jeffrey L. Bannerman, Douglas D. TI The proteomic advantage: Label-free quantification of proteins expressed in bovine milk during experimentally induced coliform mastitis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting on Cutting Edge Technologies - Animalomics/ Conference on Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) CY DEC 07-09, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Vet Immunologists DE Bovine milk proteome; Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); Coliform mastitis; Label-free quantification ID COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SERUM AMYLOID-A; HEAVY-CHAIN 4; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; DAIRY-COWS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AB Coliform mastitis remains a primary focus of dairy cattle disease research due in part to the lack of efficacious treatment options for the deleterious side effects of exposure to LPS, including profound intra-mammary inflammation. To facilitate new veterinary drug approvals, reliable biomarkers are needed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive therapies for the treatment of inflammation associated with coliform mastitis. Most attempts to characterize the host response to LPS, however, have been accomplished using ELISAs. Because a relatively limited number of bovine-specific antibodies are commercially available, reliance on antibodies can be very limiting for biomarker discovery. Conversely, proteomic approaches boast the capability to analyze an unlimited number of protein targets in a single experiment, independent of antibody availability. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a widely used proteomic strategy for the identification of proteins in complex mixtures, has gained popularity as a means to characterize proteins in various bovine milk fractions, both under normal physiological conditions as well as during clinical mastitis. The biological complexity of bovine milk has, however, precluded the complete annotation of the bovine milk proteome. Conventional approaches to reducing sample complexity, including fractionation and the removal of high abundance proteins, has improved proteome coverage, but the dynamic range of proteins present, and abundance of a relatively small number of proteins, continues to hinder comparative proteomic analyses of bovine milk. Nonetheless, advances in both liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry instrumentation, including nano-flow liquid chromatography (nano-LC), nano-spray ionization, and faster scanning speeds and ionization efficiency of mass spectrometers, have improved analyses of complex samples. In the current paper, we review the proteomic approaches used to conduct comparative analyses of milk from healthy cows and cows with clinical mastitis, as well as proteins related to the host response that have been identified in mastitic milk. Additionally, we present data that suggests the potential utility of LC-MS/MS label-free quantification as an alternative to costly labeling strategies for the relative quantification of individual proteins in complex mixtures. Temporal expression patterns generated using spectral counts, an LC-MS/MS label-free quantification strategy, corresponded well with ELISA data for acute phase proteins with commercially available antibodies. Combined, the capability to identify low abundance proteins, and the potential to generate temporal expression profiles, indicate the advantages of using proteomics as a screening tool in biomarker discovery analyses to assess biologically relevant proteins modulated during disease, including previously uncharacterized targets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Boehmer, Jamie L.; Tall, Elizabeth A.; Ward, Jeffrey L.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [DeGrasse, Jeffrey A.; McFarland, Melinda A.; Shefcheck, Kevin J.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bannerman, Douglas D.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boehmer, JL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jamie.boehmer@fda.hhs.gov RI McFarland, Melinda/A-1866-2013; DeGrasse, Jeffrey/J-1151-2014 OI DeGrasse, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3178-6301 NR 63 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 SI SI BP 252 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.004 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 697QX UT WOS:000285531500003 PM 21067814 ER PT J AU Rinaldi, M Li, RW Capuco, AV AF Rinaldi, Manuela Li, Robert W. Capuco, Anthony V. TI Mastitis associated transcriptomic disruptions in cattle SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting on Cutting Edge Technologies - Animalomics/ 90th Annual Meeting of the Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) CY DEC 07-09, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Vet Immunologists DE Bovine; Mastitis; Pathogen; Microarray; RNA-seq; Transcriptome ID BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MASTITIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; GENE-EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION AB Mastitis is ranked as the top disease for dairy cattle based on traditional cost analysis. Greater than 100 organisms from a broad phylogenetic spectrum are able to cause bovine mastitis. Transcriptomic characterization facilitates our understanding of host pathogen relations and provides mechanistic insight into host resistance to mastitis. In this review, we discuss effector mechanisms and transcriptomic changes within the mammary gland in response to experimental infections. We compare temporal, spatial and pathogen-specific local transcriptomic disruptions in the mammary gland as well as pathogen-induced systemic responses and transcriptional changes in distant organs. We attempt to explain why studies on transcriptomic changes during critical physiological periods and in response to non-mastitic pathogens may have important implications for mastitis studies. Future perspectives on revealing bidirectional molecular cross-talk between mastitis pathogens and host cells using cutting-edge genomic technologies are also discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rinaldi, Manuela] Univ Ghent, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Fac Vet Med, Ghent, Belgium. [Li, Robert W.; Capuco, Anthony V.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rinaldi, M (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Fac Vet Med, Ghent, Belgium. EM Manuela.rinaldi@UGent.be NR 114 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 SI SI BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.005 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 697QX UT WOS:000285531500004 PM 21040982 ER PT J AU Tuggle, CK Bearson, SMD Uthe, JJ Huang, TH Couture, OP Wang, YF Kuhar, D Lunney, JK Honavar, V AF Tuggle, C. K. Bearson, S. M. D. Uthe, J. J. Huang, T. H. Couture, O. P. Wang, Y. F. Kuhar, D. Lunney, J. K. Honavar, V. TI Methods for transcriptomic analyses of the porcine host immune response: Application to Salmonella infection using microarrays SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting on Cutting Edge Technologies - Animalomics/ 90th Annual Meeting of the Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) CY DEC 07-09, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Vet Immunologists DE Porcine; Transcript profiling; Immune response; Salmonella; Microarray ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; LONG-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LEUKOCYTES; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE; ACTINOBACILLUS-PLEUROPNEUMONIAE; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; SMALL-INTESTINE AB Technological developments in both the collection and analysis of molecular genetic data over the past few years have provided new opportunities for an improved understanding of the global response to pathogen exposure. Such developments are particularly dramatic for scientists studying the pig, where tools to measure the expression of tens of thousands of transcripts, as well as unprecedented data on the porcine genome sequence, have combined to expand our abilities to elucidate the porcine immune system. In this review, we describe these recent developments in the context of our work using primarily microarrays to explore gene expression changes during infection of pigs by Salmonella. Thus while the focus is not a comprehensive review of all possible approaches, we provide links and information on both the tools we use as well as alternatives commonly available for transcriptomic data collection and analysis of porcine immune responses. Through this review, we expect readers will gain an appreciation for the necessary steps to plan, conduct, analyze and interpret the data from transcriptomic analyses directly applicable to their research interests. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tuggle, C. K.; Uthe, J. J.; Huang, T. H.; Couture, O. P.; Wang, Y. F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Tuggle, C. K.; Uthe, J. J.; Huang, T. H.; Couture, O. P.; Wang, Y. F.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bearson, S. M. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kuhar, D.; Lunney, J. K.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD USA. [Honavar, V.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu RI Honavar, Vasant/K-9835-2015 OI Honavar, Vasant/0000-0001-5399-3489 NR 85 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 SI SI BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.006 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 697QX UT WOS:000285531500005 PM 21036404 ER PT J AU Hag, K Brisbin, JT Thanthrige-Don, N Heidari, M Sharif, S AF Hag, Kamran Brisbin, Jennifer T. Thanthrige-Don, Niroshan Heidari, Mohammad Sharif, Shayan TI Transcriptome and proteome profiling of host responses to Marek's disease virus in chickens SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting on Cutting Edge Technologies - Animalomics/ 90th Annual Meeting of the Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) CY DEC 07-09, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Vet Immunologists DE Marek's disease; Marek's disease virus; Chicken; Host-response; Transcriptomics; Proteomics ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; SMALL INTERFERING RNAS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; GENETICALLY RESISTANT; SUSCEPTIBLE CHICKENS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ENCODED MICRORNAS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CELL-LINE; INFECTION AB Marek's disease (MD) is an immunosuppressive and proliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly oncogenic cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus, named Marek's disease virus (MDV). Despite the availability of highly efficacious vaccines for control of MD and existence of lines of chickens which display differential genetic susceptibility or resistance to this disease, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of MDV-host interactions. The recent advent of global or targeted gene and protein expression profiling has paved the way towards gaining a better understanding of host responses to MDV. The main objective of this review is to discuss some of the recent advancements made in relation to elucidating the mechanisms of MDV pathogenesis, host responses to MDV, genetic resistance/susceptibility to MD, and immunity conferred by vaccines. In this regard, particular emphasis has been placed on studies employing proteome and transcriptome profiling approaches. Finally, the utility of microRNA and RNA interference (RNAi) technologies for functional analysis of genes, proteins, and pathways that play a role in the complex interactions between MDV and its host is discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hag, Kamran; Brisbin, Jennifer T.; Thanthrige-Don, Niroshan; Sharif, Shayan] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Heidari, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sharif, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM shayan@uoguelph.ca OI Haq, Kamran/0000-0001-6751-9657 NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 SI SI BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.007 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 697QX UT WOS:000285531500006 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Talaat, AM AF Bannantine, John P. Talaat, Adel M. TI Genomic and transcriptomic studies in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting on Cutting Edge Technologies - Animalomics/ 90th Annual Meeting of the Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) CY DEC 07-09, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Vet Immunologists DE Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; Transcriptomics; Microarray; Genomics ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; JOHNES-DISEASE; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ENHANCED EXPRESSION; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; CATTLE; TUBERCULOSIS AB Microarray technology is an important tool in functional genomic research. It has enabled a deeper analysis of genomic diversity among bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). In addition, the expression of thousands of genes can be studied simultaneously in a single experiment. With the complete genome sequence of a bovine isolate of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and the independent construction of DNA microarrays in our laboratories, transcriptomic studies for this veterinary pathogen are now possible. Furthermore, the bovine genome sequence project is completed and bovine arrays have been developed to examine host responses to infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Collectively, genomic and transcriptomic data has yielded novel insights surrounding the genetic regulation and biology of Johne's disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Talaat, Adel M.] Cairo Univ, Dept Food Hyg, Cairo, Egypt. [Talaat, Adel M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Lab Bacterial Genom, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 SI SI BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.008 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 697QX UT WOS:000285531500007 PM 21047690 ER PT J AU Li, RW Hou, YL Li, CJ Gasbarre, LC AF Li, Robert W. Hou, Yali Li, Congjun Gasbarre, Louis C. TI Localized complement activation in the development of protective immunity against Ostertagia ostertagi infections in cattle SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bovine; C3; CFB; CFI; Complement; Cytokine; IgA; IgM; Mucosa; Ostertagia; Parasite; PIGR ID INTESTINAL TREFOIL FACTOR; BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICE LACKING; J-CHAIN; RESPONSES; CALVES; MICROARRAY; RESISTANCE AB The abomasal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi is a major causal agent contributing to production inefficiencies in the cattle industry in temperate regions of the world. Protective immunity to infections develops very slowly and resistance to reinfection manifests only after prolonged exposure. Mechanisms underlying the development of protective immunity remain largely unexplored. Immune animals, which have significantly reduced worm burdens, were developed after multiple drug-attenuated experimental infections and were compared to a primary infected group and their respective uninfected controls. In this study, transcriptomic analysis identified three signaling pathways significantly impacted during both primary and repeat infections, the complement system, leukocyte extravasation and acute phase responses. Increased mRNA levels of complement components C3, factor B (CFB) and factor I (CFI) in the abomasal mucosa of the infected cattle were confirmed using quantitative PCR while Western blot analysis established the presence of elevated levels of activated C3 proteins in the mucosa. One of the initiators of local complement activation could be related to secretory IgA and IgM because infections significantly up-regulated expression of J chain (IGJ), as well as polymeric Ig receptor (PIGR) and an IgM-specific receptor (FAIM3), suggesting sustained increases in both synthesis and transepithelial transport of IgA and IgM during the infection. The elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-1 beta, during infection may be involved in gene regulation of complement components. Our results suggest enhanced tissue repair and mucin secretion in immune animals may also contribute to protective immunity. These results are the first evidence that local complement activation may be involved in the development of long-term protective immunity and provide a novel mechanistic insight into resistance against O. ostertagi in cattle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Robert W.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hou, Yali] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, Bldg 200,Room 16, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 174 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.037 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 693OD UT WOS:000285232500010 PM 20884121 ER PT J AU Akhunov, ED Akhunova, AR Anderson, OD Anderson, JA Blake, N Clegg, MT Coleman-Derr, D Conley, EJ Crossman, CC Deal, KR Dubcovsky, J Gill, BS Gu, YQ Hadam, J Heo, H Huo, NX Lazo, GR Luo, MC Ma, YQ Matthews, DE McGuire, PE Morrell, PL Qualset, CO Renfro, J Tabanao, D Talbert, LE Tian, C Toleno, DM Warburton, ML You, FM Zhang, WJ Dvorak, J AF Akhunov, Eduard D. Akhunova, Alina R. Anderson, Olin D. Anderson, James A. Blake, Nancy Clegg, Michael T. Coleman-Derr, Devin Conley, Emily J. Crossman, Curt C. Deal, Karin R. Dubcovsky, Jorge Gill, Bikram S. Gu, Yong Q. Hadam, Jakub Heo, Hwayoung Huo, Naxin Lazo, Gerard R. Luo, Ming-Cheng Ma, Yaqin Q. Matthews, David E. McGuire, Patrick E. Morrell, Peter L. Qualset, Calvin O. Renfro, James Tabanao, Dindo Talbert, Luther E. Tian, Chao Toleno, Donna M. Warburton, Marilyn L. You, Frank M. Zhang, Wenjun Dvorak, Jan TI Nucleotide diversity maps reveal variation in diversity among wheat genomes and chromosomes SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; BIN MAP; RECOMBINATION RATES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DNA POLYMORPHISM; POLYPLOID WHEAT; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE AB Background: A genome-wide assessment of nucleotide diversity in a polyploid species must minimize the inclusion of homoeologous sequences into diversity estimates and reliably allocate individual haplotypes into their respective genomes. The same requirements complicate the development and deployment of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in polyploid species. We report here a strategy that satisfies these requirements and deploy it in the sequencing of genes in cultivated hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, genomes AABBDD) and wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, genomes AABB) from the putative site of wheat domestication in Turkey. Data are used to assess the distribution of diversity among and within wheat genomes and to develop a panel of SNP markers for polyploid wheat. Results: Nucleotide diversity was estimated in 2114 wheat genes and was similar between the A and B genomes and reduced in the D genome. Within a genome, diversity was diminished on some chromosomes. Low diversity was always accompanied by an excess of rare alleles. A total of 5,471 SNPs was discovered in 1791 wheat genes. Totals of 1,271, 1,218, and 2,203 SNPs were discovered in 488, 463, and 641 genes of wheat putative diploid ancestors, T. urartu, Aegilops speltoides, and Ae. tauschii, respectively. A public database containing genome-specific primers, SNPs, and other information was constructed. A total of 987 genes with nucleotide diversity estimated in one or more of the wheat genomes was placed on an Ae. tauschii genetic map, and the map was superimposed on wheat deletion-bin maps. The agreement between the maps was assessed. Conclusions: In a young polyploid, exemplified by T. aestivum, ancestral species are the primary source of genetic diversity. Low effective recombination due to self-pollination and a genetic mechanism precluding homoeologous chromosome pairing during polyploid meiosis can lead to the loss of diversity from large chromosomal regions. The net effect of these factors in T. aestivum is large variation in diversity among genomes and chromosomes, which impacts the development of SNP markers and their practical utility. Accumulation of new mutations in older polyploid species, such as wild emmer, results in increased diversity and its more uniform distribution across the genome. C1 [Akhunov, Eduard D.; Akhunova, Alina R.; Deal, Karin R.; Dubcovsky, Jorge; Luo, Ming-Cheng; Ma, Yaqin Q.; McGuire, Patrick E.; Qualset, Calvin O.; Tian, Chao; You, Frank M.; Zhang, Wenjun; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Akhunov, Eduard D.; Akhunova, Alina R.] KSU, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Anderson, Olin D.; Coleman-Derr, Devin; Crossman, Curt C.; Gu, Yong Q.; Huo, Naxin; Lazo, Gerard R.; Renfro, James] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Anderson, James A.; Conley, Emily J.; Morrell, Peter L.; Tabanao, Dindo] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Blake, Nancy; Heo, Hwayoung; Talbert, Luther E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Clegg, Michael T.; Toleno, Donna M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gill, Bikram S.; Hadam, Jakub] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ma, Yaqin Q.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Matthews, David E.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tabanao, Dindo] Philippine Rice Res Inst, Maligaya, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. [Warburton, Marilyn L.] CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Warburton, Marilyn L.] MSU, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Res Resistance Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dvorak, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdvorak@ucdavis.edu RI Morrell, Peter/E-2059-2011; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Morrell, Peter/0000-0001-6282-1582; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 104 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 702 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-702 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 707WQ UT WOS:000286322100001 PM 21156062 ER PT J AU Williams, AP Allen, CD Millar, CI Swetnam, TW Michaelsen, J Still, CJ Leavitt, SW AF Williams, A. Park Allen, Craig D. Millar, Constance I. Swetnam, Thomas W. Michaelsen, Joel Still, Christopher J. Leavitt, Steven W. TI Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE forest mortality; climate change; drought; fire; tree rings ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE MORTALITY; PONDEROSA PINE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO; DIE-OFF; ECOSYSTEMS AB In recent decades, intense droughts, insect outbreaks, and wildfires have led to decreasing tree growth and increasing mortality in many temperate forests. We compared annual tree-ring width data from 1,097 populations in the coterminous United States to climate data and evaluated site-specific tree responses to climate variations throughout the 20th century. For each population, we developed a climate-driven growth equation by using climate records to predict annual ring widths. Forests within the southwestern United States appear particularly sensitive to drought and warmth. We input 21st century climate projections to the equations to predict growth responses. Our results suggest that if temperature and aridity rise as they are projected to, southwestern trees will experience substantially reduced growth during this century. As tree growth declines, mortality rates may increase at many sites. Increases in wildfires and bark-beetle outbreaks in the most recent decade are likely related to extreme drought and high temperatures during this period. Using satellite imagery and aerial survey data, we conservatively calculate that approximate to 2.7% of southwestern forest and woodland area experienced substantial mortality due to wildfires from 1984 to 2006, and approximate to 7.6% experienced mortality associated with bark beetles from 1997 to 2008. We estimate that up to approximate to 18% of southwestern forest area (excluding woodlands) experienced mortality due to bark beetles or wildfire during this period. Expected climatic changes will alter future forest productivity, disturbance regimes, and species ranges throughout the Southwest. Emerging knowledge of these impending transitions informs efforts to adaptively manage southwestern forests. C1 [Williams, A. Park; Michaelsen, Joel; Still, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Swetnam, Thomas W.; Leavitt, Steven W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Williams, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM williams@geog.ucsb.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166 FU US Geological Survey (USGS); University of Arizona; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; University of California, Santa Barbara FX We thank all contributors of tree-ring chronologies that we accessed from the ITRDB. We thank J. L. Paschke for providing access to US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service aerial survey data. We appreciate advice from J. D. Miller, N. McDowell, and D. D. Breshears. Support was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Global Change Program (A. P. W. and C. D. A.), University of Arizona (T. W. S. and S. W. L.), USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (C. I. M.), and University of California, Santa Barbara (A. P. W., J. M., and C. J. S.). This work is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project. NR 47 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 21 U2 169 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21289 EP 21294 DI 10.1073/pnas.0914211107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500015 PM 21149715 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Zhen, C Nonnemaker, J Todd, JE AF Finkelstein, Eric A. Zhen, Chen Nonnemaker, James Todd, Jessica E. TI HEALTH CARE REFORM Impact of Targeted Beverage Taxes on Higher- and Lower-Income Households SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES; SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; FOOD-PRICES; WEIGHT-GAIN; OBESITY; TRENDS; US AB Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are increasingly being considered as a strategy for addressing the obesity epidemic. We sought to investigate the differential impact of targeted beverage taxes on higher- and lower-income households. Methods: This analysis relied on data from the 2006 Nielsen Homescan panel, which included a national sample of households that scan and transmit their store-bought food and beverage purchases weekly for a 12-month period. We assessed associations among beverage prices, energy intake, and weight using multivariate regression models. Results: A 20% and 40% tax on carbonated SSBs only would reduce beverage purchases by a mean (SE) of 4.2 (1.6) and 7.8 (2.8) kcal/d per person, respectively. Ex-tending the tax to all SSBs generates mean (SE) reductions of 7.0 (1..9) and 12.4 (3.4) kcal/d per person, respectively. Estimated mean (SE) weight losses resulting from a 20% and 40% tax on all SSBs are 0.32 (0.09) and 0.59 (0.16) kg/y per person, respectively. The 40% tax on SSBs, which costs a mean (SE) of $28.48 ($0.87) per household per year, would generate $2.5 billion ($77.5 million) in tax revenue, with the largest share coming from high-income households. Conclusions: Large taxes on SSBs have the potential to positively influence weight outcomes, especially for middle-income households. These taxes would also generate substantial revenue that could be used to fund obesity prevention programs or for other causes. C1 [Finkelstein, Eric A.] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Hlth Serv & Syst Res Program, Singapore 169857, Singapore. [Zhen, Chen; Nonnemaker, James] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Todd, Jessica E.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Hlth Serv & Syst Res Program, 8 Coll Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore. EM eric.finkelstein@duke-nus.edu.sg FU Healthy Eating Research [65062]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation FX This study was supported by grant 65062 from Healthy Eating Research, a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. NR 20 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 13 PY 2010 VL 170 IS 22 BP 2028 EP 2034 DI 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.449 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 694BU UT WOS:000285270800013 PM 21149762 ER PT J AU Wells, RR Bennett, SJ Alonso, CV AF Wells, Robert R. Bennett, Sean J. Alonso, Carlos V. TI Modulation of headcut soil erosion in rills due to upstream sediment loads SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UPLAND CONCENTRATED FLOWS; EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; FREE OVERFALL; MIGRATION; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; MODEL; WATER; MORPHODYNAMICS AB Headcut erosion can severely accelerate soil loss in upland concentrated flows and lead to significant soil degradation in agricultural areas. Previous experimental work has demonstrated that actively migrating headcuts display systematic morphodynamic behavior and that impinging jet theory can provide an excellent analytic foundation for predicting these erosional phenomena. This research sought to examine systematically the effect of an upstream sediment load on the morphodynamics of actively migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows. Using a specially designed experimental facility, actively migrating headcuts in packed soil beds were allowed to develop freely when subjected to concentrated, clear-water flows similar to rills, crop furrows, and ephemeral gullies. After such headcut development and without altering the boundary conditions of the experiment, a sediment load composed of relatively coarser grained sand was introduced into the flow well upstream of the erosional feature. At relatively low upstream sediment loadings, the morphodynamics and sediment discharge of the actively migrating headcuts remained unchanged in time and space. As upstream sediment loadings increased, the size and migration rate of the headcuts decreased markedly, yet sediment discharge was not strongly affected as its sediment texture shifted from headcut-controlled flux to sediment-feed flux. The headcut erosion process was completely arrested when the upstream sediment feed rate exceeded a specific magnitude. Analytic arguments are used to explain the reaction time and morphodynamic response of an actively migrating headcut to this upstream sediment loading. This research shows that headcut erosion can be strongly modulated by an upstream sediment load, further complicating the prediction of soil erosion on upland areas dissected by sediment-laden concentrated flows. C1 [Wells, Robert R.; Alonso, Carlos V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. RP Wells, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM robert.wells@ars.usda.gov; seanb@buffalo.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; NSF [EAR0640617] FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and NSF (EAR0640617). We thank Antonia Smith and Don Seale for providing technical support and two anonymous referees for providing helpful comments to improve the manuscript. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 11 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W12531 DI 10.1029/2010WR009433 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 693XY UT WOS:000285259900004 ER PT J AU Dillard, A Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH AF Dillard, Alice Matthan, Nirupa R. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Use of hamster as a model to study diet-induced atherosclerosis SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Review ID GOLDEN-SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-RECEPTOR; AORTIC CHOLESTEROL ACCUMULATION; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FATTY STREAK FORMATION; APOLIPOPROTEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; REDUCES PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; FOAM CELL-FORMATION AB Golden-Syrian hamsters have been used as an animal model to assess diet-induced atherosclerosis since the early 1980s. Advantages appeared to include a low rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, receptor-mediated uptake of LDL cholesterol, cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, hepatic apoB-100 and intestinal apoB-48 secretion, and uptake of the majority of LDL cholesterol via the LDL receptor pathway. Early work suggested hamsters fed high cholesterol and saturated fat diets responded similarly to humans in terms of lipoprotein metabolism and aortic lesion morphology. Recent work has not consistently replicated these findings. Reviewed was the literature related to controlled hamster feeding studies that assessed the effect of strain, background diet (non-purified, semi-purified) and dietary perturbation (cholesterol and/or fat) on plasma lipoprotein profiles and atherosclerotic lesion formation. F1B hamsters fed a non-purified cholesterol/fat-supplemented diet had more atherogenic lipoprotein profiles (nHDL-C > HDL-C) than other hamster strains or hamsters fed cholesterol/fat-supplemented semi-purified diets. However, fat type; saturated (SFA), monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated (PUFA) had less of an effect on plasma lipoprotein concentrations. Cholesterol-and fish oil-supplemented semi-purified diets yielded highly variable results when compared to SFA or n-6 PUFA, which were antithetical to responses observed in humans. Dietary cholesterol and fat resulted in inconsistent effects on aortic lipid accumulation. No hamster strain was reported to consistently develop lesions regardless of background diet, dietary cholesterol or dietary fat type amount. In conclusion, at this time the Golden-Syrian hamster does not appear to be a useful model to determine the mechanism(s) of diet-induced development of atherosclerotic lesions. C1 [Dillard, Alice; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dillard, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.dillard_hirschel@tufts.edu FU USDA [588-1950-9-001] FX Supported by USDA agreement 588-1950-9-001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 123 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 89 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-7-89 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 696UE UT WOS:000285466100001 PM 21143982 ER PT J AU Fiehn, O Garvey, WT Newman, JW Lok, KH Hoppel, CL Adams, SH AF Fiehn, Oliver Garvey, W. Timothy Newman, John W. Lok, Kerry H. Hoppel, Charles L. Adams, Sean H. TI Plasma Metabolomic Profiles Reflective of Glucose Homeostasis in Non-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Obese African-American Women SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BODY PROTEIN-METABOLISM; REGISTRY PROJECT SUGAR; FATTY-ACID-METABOLISM; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; MUSCLE LIPID-CONTENT; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WHOLE-BODY; LEUCINE METABOLISM; MELLITUS AB Insulin resistance progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by a broad perturbation of macronutrient intermediary metabolism. Understanding the biochemical networks that underlie metabolic homeostasis and how they associate with insulin action will help unravel diabetes etiology and should foster discovery of new biomarkers of disease risk and severity. We examined differences in plasma concentrations of >350 metabolites in fasted obese T2DM vs. obese non-diabetic African-American women, and utilized principal components analysis to identify 158 metabolite components that strongly correlated with fasting HbA1c over a broad range of the latter (r = -0.631; p<0.0001). In addition to many unidentified small molecules, specific metabolites that were increased significantly in T2DM subjects included certain amino acids and their derivatives (i.e., leucine, 2-ketoisocaproate, valine, cystine, histidine), 2-hydroxybutanoate, long-chain fatty acids, and carbohydrate derivatives. Leucine and valine concentrations rose with increasing HbA1c, and significantly correlated with plasma acetylcarnitine concentrations. It is hypothesized that this reflects a close link between abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, amino acid catabolism, and efficiency of fuel combustion in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It is speculated that a mechanism for potential TCA cycle inefficiency concurrent with insulin resistance is "anaplerotic stress" emanating from reduced amino acid-derived carbon flux to TCA cycle intermediates, which if coupled to perturbation in cataplerosis would lead to net reduction in TCA cycle capacity relative to fuel delivery. C1 [Fiehn, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Garvey, W. Timothy; Lok, Kerry H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Garvey, W. Timothy; Lok, Kerry H.] Birmingham VA Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. [Newman, John W.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hoppel, Charles L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Fiehn, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sean.h.adams@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5306-51530-016-00D]; NIH-NIDDK [R01DK078328-01]; NIH [DK-038764, DK-083562, P01 HL-055782]; Department of Veterans Affairs; UAB Center for Clinical and Translational Science [UL1 RR025777]; UAB Nutrition and Obesity Research Center [P30-DK56336]; UAB Diabetes Research and Training Center [P60 DK079626] FX Work was funded in part by the following: intramural USDA-ARS Project 5306-51530-016-00D and NIH-NIDDK R01DK078328-01 (to S.H.A.); NIH grants DK-038764, DK-083562, and P01 HL-055782 and the Merit Review program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (W.T.G.). The authors also acknowledge support from the research core facilities of the UAB Center for Clinical and Translational Science (UL1 RR025777), the UAB Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (P30-DK56336), and the UAB Diabetes Research and Training Center (P60 DK079626). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15234 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015234 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692UU UT WOS:000285181400022 PM 21170321 ER PT J AU Spanu, PD Abbott, JC Amselem, J Burgis, TA Soanes, DM Stuber, K van Themaat, EVL Brown, JKM Butcher, SA Gurr, SJ Lebrun, MH Ridout, CJ Schulze-Lefert, P Talbot, NJ Ahmadinejad, N Ametz, C Barton, GR Benjdia, M Bidzinski, P Bindschedler, LV Both, M Brewer, MT Cadle-Davidson, L Cadle-Davidson, MM Collemare, J Cramer, R Frenkel, O Godfrey, D Harriman, J Hoede, C King, BC Klages, S Kleemann, J Knoll, D Koti, PS Kreplak, J Lopez-Ruiz, FJ Lu, XL Maekawa, T Mahanil, S Micali, C Milgroom, MG Montana, G Noir, S O'Connell, RJ Oberhaensli, S Parlange, F Pedersen, C Quesneville, H Reinhardt, R Rott, M Sacristan, S Schmidt, SM Schon, M Skamnioti, P Sommer, H Stephens, A Takahara, H Thordal-Christensen, H Vigouroux, M Wessling, R Wicker, T Panstruga, R AF Spanu, Pietro D. Abbott, James C. Amselem, Joelle Burgis, Timothy A. Soanes, Darren M. Stueber, Kurt van Themaat, Emiel Ver Loren Brown, James K. M. Butcher, Sarah A. Gurr, Sarah J. Lebrun, Marc-Henri Ridout, Christopher J. Schulze-Lefert, Paul Talbot, Nicholas J. Ahmadinejad, Nahal Ametz, Christian Barton, Geraint R. Benjdia, Mariam Bidzinski, Przemyslaw Bindschedler, Laurence V. Both, Maike Brewer, Marin T. Cadle-Davidson, Lance Cadle-Davidson, Molly M. Collemare, Jerome Cramer, Rainer Frenkel, Omer Godfrey, Dale Harriman, James Hoede, Claire King, Brian C. Klages, Sven Kleemann, Jochen Knoll, Daniela Koti, Prasanna S. Kreplak, Jonathan Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco J. Lu, Xunli Maekawa, Takaki Mahanil, Siraprapa Micali, Cristina Milgroom, Michael G. Montana, Giovanni Noir, Sandra O'Connell, Richard J. Oberhaensli, Simone Parlange, Francis Pedersen, Carsten Quesneville, Hadi Reinhardt, Richard Rott, Matthias Sacristan, Soledad Schmidt, Sarah M. Schoen, Moritz Skamnioti, Pari Sommer, Hans Stephens, Amber Takahara, Hiroyuki Thordal-Christensen, Hans Vigouroux, Marielle Wessling, Ralf Wicker, Thomas Panstruga, Ralph TI Genome Expansion and Gene Loss in Powdery Mildew Fungi Reveal Tradeoffs in Extreme Parasitism SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; VIRULENCE; PROTEINS AB Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations. C1 [Spanu, Pietro D.; Abbott, James C.; Burgis, Timothy A.; Butcher, Sarah A.; Ametz, Christian; Barton, Geraint R.; Both, Maike; Montana, Giovanni] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, London, England. [Amselem, Joelle; Collemare, Jerome; Hoede, Claire; Kreplak, Jonathan; Quesneville, Hadi] INRA, Unite Rech Genom Info, F-78026 Versailles, France. [Soanes, Darren M.; Talbot, Nicholas J.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Stueber, Kurt; van Themaat, Emiel Ver Loren; Schulze-Lefert, Paul; Ahmadinejad, Nahal; Benjdia, Mariam; Bidzinski, Przemyslaw; Kleemann, Jochen; Knoll, Daniela; Koti, Prasanna S.; Lu, Xunli; Maekawa, Takaki; Micali, Cristina; Noir, Sandra; O'Connell, Richard J.; Rott, Matthias; Schmidt, Sarah M.; Schoen, Moritz; Sommer, Hans; Stephens, Amber; Takahara, Hiroyuki; Wessling, Ralf; Panstruga, Ralph] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Microbe Interact, Cologne, Germany. [Brown, James K. M.; Ridout, Christopher J.; Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco J.] John Innes Ctr, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Gurr, Sarah J.; Skamnioti, Pari; Vigouroux, Marielle] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford, England. [Bindschedler, Laurence V.; Cramer, Rainer] Univ Reading, Dept Chem, Reading RG6 2AD, Berks, England. [Brewer, Marin T.; Frenkel, Omer; King, Brian C.; Milgroom, Michael G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cadle-Davidson, Lance; Cadle-Davidson, Molly M.; Harriman, James; Mahanil, Siraprapa] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14853 USA. [Cadle-Davidson, Lance] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Godfrey, Dale; Pedersen, Carsten; Thordal-Christensen, Hans] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Agr & Ecol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Klages, Sven; Reinhardt, Richard] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Berlin, Germany. [Oberhaensli, Simone; Parlange, Francis; Wicker, Thomas] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Sacristan, Soledad] Univ Politecn Madrid, Ctr Biotecnol & Genom Plantas UPM INIA, Madrid, Spain. [Sacristan, Soledad] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Agronomos, Madrid, Spain. [Amselem, Joelle; Lebrun, Marc-Henri] INRA, Unite BIOGER CPP, Grignon, France. RP Spanu, PD (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, London, England. EM p.spanu@imperial.ac.uk; panstrug@mpiz-koeln.mpg.de RI Ver Loren van Themaat, Emiel/F-2564-2012; Montana, Giovanni/H-2598-2013; Pedersen, Carsten/L-7266-2013; Thordal-Christensen, Hans/F-6281-2014; Pedersen, Carsten/F-6797-2014; Talbot, Nicholas/I-9584-2014; SACRISTAN, SOLEDAD/H-1062-2015; King, Brian/K-2021-2016; Stephens, Amber/E-3287-2010; Schulze-Lefert, Paul/B-6707-2011; Panstruga, Ralph/F-3340-2011; OI Pedersen, Carsten/0000-0002-9520-2232; Thordal-Christensen, Hans/0000-0001-8813-0157; Pedersen, Carsten/0000-0002-9520-2232; Talbot, Nicholas/0000-0001-6434-7757; SACRISTAN, SOLEDAD/0000-0002-5753-2644; King, Brian/0000-0003-3954-5190; Benjdia, Mariam/0000-0003-1554-5452; Spanu, Pietro/0000-0001-8928-6049; Panstruga, Ralph/0000-0002-3756-8957; Noir, Sandra/0000-0002-5666-2885; Abbott, James/0000-0001-7701-4249; LEBRUN, marc-henri/0000-0003-1562-1902; Cramer, Rainer/0000-0002-8037-2511; Bidzinski, Przemyslaw/0000-0002-6057-2575 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E0009831/1]; INRA; European Union; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP1212]; Leverhulme Trust; Max Planck Society FX We thank B. Thomas, T. Carver, and D. Grunewald for providing scanning electron micrographs. This work was supported by funds from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant BB/E0009831/1], INRA, the BioExploit European Union Framework 6 project, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (priority program SPP1212), the Leverhulme Trust, and the Max Planck Society. GenBank project identification numbers are as follows: Blumeria, 28821; E. pisi, 50315; and G. orontii, 50317. NR 14 TC 296 Z9 307 U1 10 U2 127 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6010 BP 1543 EP 1546 DI 10.1126/science.1194573 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692LE UT WOS:000285153500066 PM 21148392 ER PT J AU Treuhaft, RN Goncalves, FG Drake, JB Chapman, BD dos Santos, JR Dutra, LV Graca, PMLA Purcell, GH AF Treuhaft, R. N. Goncalves, F. G. Drake, J. B. Chapman, B. D. dos Santos, J. R. Dutra, L. V. Graca, P. M. L. A. Purcell, G. H. TI Biomass estimation in a tropical wet forest using Fourier transforms of profiles from lidar or interferometric SAR SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB Tropical forest biomass estimation based on the structure of the canopy is a burgeoning and crucial remote sensing capability for balancing terrestrial carbon budgets. This paper introduces a new approach to structural biomass estimation based on the Fourier transform of vertical profiles from lidar or interferometric SAR (InSAR). Airborne and field data were used from 28 tropical wet forest stands at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, with average biomass of 229 Mg-ha(-1). RMS scatters of remote sensing biomass estimates about field measurements were 58.3 Mg-ha(-1), 21%, and 76.1 Mg-ha(-1), 26%, for lidar and InSAR, respectively. Using mean forest height, the RMS scatter was 97 Mg-ha(-1), approximate to 34% for both lidar and InSAR. The confidence that Fourier transforms are a significant improvement over height was >99% for lidar and approximate to 90% for InSAR. Lidar Fourier transforms determined the useful range of vertical wavelengths to be 14 m to 100 m. Citation: Treuhaft, R. N., F. G. Goncalves, J. B. Drake, B. D. Chapman, J. R. dos Santos, L. V. Dutra, P. M. L. A. Graca, and G. H. Purcell (2010), Biomass estimation in a tropical wet forest using Fourier transforms of profiles from lidar or interferometric SAR, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23403, doi:10.1029/2010GL045608. C1 [Treuhaft, R. N.; Goncalves, F. G.; Chapman, B. D.; Purcell, G. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Goncalves, F. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Drake, J. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [dos Santos, J. R.; Dutra, L. V.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Graca, P. M. L. A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69060 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Treuhaft, RN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 138-212, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.treuhaft@jpl.nasa.gov; fabio.goncalves@jpl.nasa.gov; jasondrake@fs.fed.us; bruce.chapman@jpl.nasa.gov; jroberto@dsr.inpe.br; dutra@dpi.inpe.br; pmlag@inpa.govbr; george.purcell@jpl.nasa.gov RI de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio/B-3375-2013; Dutra, Luciano/C-6582-2009 OI Dutra, Luciano/0000-0002-7757-039X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L23403 DI 10.1029/2010GL045608 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 693WE UT WOS:000285255300005 ER PT J AU Schwalm, CR Williams, CA Schaefer, K Anderson, R Arain, MA Baker, I Barr, A Black, TA Chen, GS Chen, JM Ciais, P Davis, KJ Desai, A Dietze, M Dragoni, D Fischer, ML Flanagan, LB Grant, R Gu, LH Hollinger, D Izaurralde, RC Kucharik, C Lafleur, P Law, BE Li, LH Li, ZP Liu, SG Lokupitiya, E Luo, YQ Ma, SY Margolis, H Matamala, R McCaughey, H Monson, RK Oechel, WC Peng, CH Poulter, B Price, DT Riciutto, DM Riley, W Sahoo, AK Sprintsin, M Sun, JF Tian, HQ Tonitto, C Verbeeck, H Verma, SB AF Schwalm, Christopher R. Williams, Christopher A. Schaefer, Kevin Anderson, Ryan Arain, M. Altaf Baker, Ian Barr, Alan Black, T. Andrew Chen, Guangsheng Chen, Jing Ming Ciais, Philippe Davis, Kenneth J. Desai, Ankur Dietze, Michael Dragoni, Danilo Fischer, Marc L. Flanagan, Lawrence B. Grant, Robert Gu, Lianhong Hollinger, David Izaurralde, R. Cesar Kucharik, Chris Lafleur, Peter Law, Beverly E. Li, Longhui Li, Zhengpeng Liu, Shuguang Lokupitiya, Erandathie Luo, Yiqi Ma, Siyan Margolis, Hank Matamala, Roser McCaughey, Harry Monson, Russell K. Oechel, Walter C. Peng, Changhui Poulter, Benjamin Price, David T. Riciutto, Dan M. Riley, William Sahoo, Alok Kumar Sprintsin, Michael Sun, Jianfeng Tian, Hanqin Tonitto, Christina Verbeeck, Hans Verma, Shashi B. TI A model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE DATA; LEAF-AREA INDEX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE AB Our current understanding of terrestrial carbon processes is represented in various models used to integrate and scale measurements of CO2 exchange from remote sensing and other spatiotemporal data. Yet assessments are rarely conducted to determine how well models simulate carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions. Using standardized data from the North American Carbon Program we compare observed and simulated monthly CO2 exchange from 44 eddy covariance flux towers in North America and 22 terrestrial biosphere models. The analysis period spans similar to 220 site-years, 10 biomes, and includes two large-scale drought events, providing a natural experiment to evaluate model skill as a function of drought and seasonality. We evaluate models' ability to simulate the seasonal cycle of CO2 exchange using multiple model skill metrics and analyze links between model characteristics, site history, and model skill. Overall model performance was poor; the difference between observations and simulations was similar to 10 times observational uncertainty, with forested ecosystems better predicted than nonforested. Model-data agreement was highest in summer and in temperate evergreen forests. In contrast, model performance declined in spring and fall, especially in ecosystems with large deciduous components, and in dry periods during the growing season. Models used across multiple biomes and sites, the mean model ensemble, and a model using assimilated parameter values showed high consistency with observations. Models with the highest skill across all biomes all used prescribed canopy phenology, calculated NEE as the difference between GPP and ecosystem respiration, and did not use a daily time step. C1 [Schwalm, Christopher R.; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Ryan] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Baker, Ian; Lokupitiya, Erandathie] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barr, Alan] Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Chen, Guangsheng; Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Chen, Jing Ming; Sprintsin, Michael] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Chen, Jing Ming; Sprintsin, Michael] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Ciais, Philippe; Li, Longhui] CE Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environn, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Desai, Ankur] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dietze, Michael] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flanagan, Lawrence B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Grant, Robert] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Gu, Lianhong; Riciutto, Dan M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hollinger, David] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Izaurralde, R. Cesar] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, R. Cesar] Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kucharik, Chris] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Nelson Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kucharik, Chris] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lafleur, Peter] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Li, Zhengpeng] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Luo, Yiqi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Atmospher Sci Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Margolis, Hank] Univ Laval, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McCaughey, Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Peng, Changhui; Sun, Jianfeng] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Poulter, Benjamin] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Price, David T.] No Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Riley, William] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sahoo, Alok Kumar] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tonitto, Christina] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Verbeeck, Hans] Univ Ghent, Plant Ecol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Verma, Shashi B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Schwalm, CR (reprint author), Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM cschwalm@clarku.edu; cwilliams@clarku.edu; kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org; ryan.anderson@ntsg.umt.edu; arainm@mcmaster.ca; baker@atmos.colostate.edu; alan.barr@ec.gc.ca; andrew.black@ubc.ca; chengu1@auburn.edu; chenj@geog.utoronto.ca; philippe.ciais@cea.fr; davis@meteo.psu.edu; desai@aos.wisc.edu; mdietze@life.uiuc.edu; ddragoni@indiana.edu; mlfischer@lbl.gov; larry.flanagan@uleth.ca; robert.grant@afhe.ualberta.ca; lianhong-gu@ornl.gov; davidh@hypatia.unh.edu; cesar.izaurralde@pnl.gov; kucharik@wisc.edu; plafleur@trentu.ca; bev.law@oregonstate.edu; longhui.li@lsce.ipsl.fr; zli@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov; erandi@atmos.colostate.edu; yluo@ou.edu; sma@berkeley.edu; hank.margolis@sbf.ulaval.ca; matamala@anl.gov; mccaughe@post.queensu.ca; russell.monson@colorado.edu; oechel@sunstroke.sdsu.edu; peng.changhui@uqam.ca; benjamin.poulter@wsl.ch; dprice@nrcan.gc.ca; ricciutodm@ornl.gov; wjriley@lbl.gov; sahoo@princeton.edu; misprin@gmail.com; jianfeng_sun@yahoo.ca; tianhan@auburn.edu; ctonitto@cornell.edu; hans.verbeeck@ugent.be; sverma1@unl.edu RI Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Verbeeck, Hans/A-2106-2009; Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Peng, Changhui/G-8248-2012; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Li, Longhui/C-7214-2013 OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173; Kucharik, Christopher/0000-0002-0400-758X; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Verbeeck, Hans/0000-0003-1490-0168; Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0910766, OPP-0352957]; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE65G]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310115] FX C.R.S., C.A.W., and K.S. were supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grant ATM-0910766. We would like to thank the North American Carbon Program Site-Level Interim Synthesis team, the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center for collecting, organizing, and distributing the model output and flux observations required for this analysis. This study was in part supported by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant NNX06AE65G, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) grant NA07OAR4310115, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OPP-0352957 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. NR 108 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 6 U2 111 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G00H05 DI 10.1029/2009JG001229 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 693XI UT WOS:000285258300001 ER PT J AU deWaard, JR Mitchell, A Keena, MA Gopurenko, D Boykin, LM Armstrong, KF Pogue, MG Lima, J Floyd, R Hanner, RH Humble, LM AF deWaard, Jeremy R. Mitchell, Andrew Keena, Melody A. Gopurenko, David Boykin, Laura M. Armstrong, Karen F. Pogue, Michael G. Lima, Joao Floyd, Robin Hanner, Robert H. Humble, Leland M. TI Towards a Global Barcode Library for Lymantria (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae) Tussock Moths of Biosecurity Concern SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN GYPSY MOTHS; DNA BARCODES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; DISPAR; INTRODUCTIONS; INVASIONS AB Background: Detecting and controlling the movements of invasive species, such as insect pests, relies upon rapid and accurate species identification in order to initiate containment procedures by the appropriate authorities. Many species in the tussock moth genus Lymantria are significant forestry pests, including the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., and consequently have been a focus for the development of molecular diagnostic tools to assist in identifying species and source populations. In this study we expand the taxonomic and geographic coverage of the DNA barcode reference library, and further test the utility of this diagnostic method, both for species/subspecies assignment and for determination of geographic provenance of populations. Methodology/Principal Findings: Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcodes were obtained from 518 individuals and 36 species of Lymantria, including sequences assembled and generated from previous studies, vouchered material in public collections, and intercepted specimens obtained from surveillance programs in Canada. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed, revealing high bootstrap support for 90% of species clusters. Bayesian species assignment was also tested, and resulted in correct assignment to species and subspecies in all instances. The performance of barcoding was also compared against the commonly employed NB restriction digest system (also based on COI); while the latter is informative for discriminating gypsy moth subspecies, COI barcode sequences provide greater resolution and generality by encompassing a greater number of haplotypes across all Lymantria species, none shared between species. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates the efficacy of DNA barcodes for diagnosing species of Lymantria and reinforces the view that the approach is an under-utilized resource with substantial potential for biosecurity and surveillance. Biomonitoring agencies currently employing the NB restriction digest system would gather more information by transitioning to the use of DNA barcoding, a change which could be made relatively seamlessly as the same gene region underlies both protocols. C1 [deWaard, Jeremy R.; Humble, Leland M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [deWaard, Jeremy R.] Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Mitchell, Andrew] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Keena, Melody A.] USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT USA. [Gopurenko, David] Wagga Wagga Agr Inst, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. [Boykin, Laura M.; Armstrong, Karen F.] Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect Res Ctr, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Pogue, Michael G.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Lima, Joao; Floyd, Robin; Hanner, Robert H.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Humble, Leland M.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP deWaard, JR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM jdewaard@interchange.ubc.ca RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014; deWaard, Jeremy/G-8112-2014; Gopurenko, David/H-3341-2014; Armstrong, Karen/J-3460-2013; Mitchell, Andrew/B-7018-2008 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921; Gopurenko, David/0000-0003-2886-1614; Armstrong, Karen/0000-0003-4973-2651; Mitchell, Andrew/0000-0001-5022-5898 FU Forest Investment Account - Forest Science Program; NSERC; Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, NSERC; New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission; Australian Department of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries; NSW Agricultural Genomics Centre FX Funding was provided by a Forest Investment Account - Forest Science Program Student Grant and an NSERC Graduate Scholarship (to JRD); the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, NSERC (to LMH and RHH), and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca; the New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission (to LB and KFA); the Australian Department of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (to AM); and the NSW Agricultural Genomics Centre (to AM and DG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14280 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014280 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692ES UT WOS:000285135800011 PM 21151562 ER PT J AU Zhu, JWJ Dunlap, CA Behle, RW Berkebile, DR Wienhold, B AF Zhu, Junwei J. Dunlap, Christopher A. Behle, Robert W. Berkebile, Dennis R. Wienhold, Brian TI Repellency of a Wax-Based Catnip-Oil Formulation against Stable Flies SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys calcitrans; Nepeta cataria; spatial repellency; wax formulation; atmopheric concentration ID FLY STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; DIPTERA-MUSCIDAE; BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES; MOSQUITO DIPTERA; EASTERN NEBRASKA; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; NEPETA-CATARIA; CULICIDAE; RESPONSES AB Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are one of the most serious livestock pests, which cause significant economic loss in the cattle industry. Current practices for managing stable flies are limited to costly sanitation techniques and unsustainable insecticide applications. The present study reports the initial efforts using catnip essential oil as a spatial repellent and the results of field trials using a wax-based formulation to repel stable flies in the cattle feedlot. Electroantennograms showed that catnip oil and its ingredient compounds elicit significant antennal responses from both sexes of stable flies. Catnip oil and ZE- and EZ-nepetalactone showed repellent activity in a single cage olfactormeter study. No behavioral activity was observed from another ingredient compound, caryophyllene. A laboratory dispersal bioassay also showed that stable flies avoided areas treated with catnip oil. Using a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method, the atmospheric concentration of catnip active ingredient compounds (nepetalactones) absorbed by SPME fiber in treated areas was detected at 4 times higher than those in control areas. Application of wax-based catnip pellets in cattle feedlots resulted in >99% repellency of stable flies in treated areas, compared with that in nontreated areas. However, the repellent efficacy of the formulation only lasted 3 h. This is the first study demonstrating the potential application of a plant-based repellent formulation that may be used as an alternative method against stable flies. C1 [Zhu, Junwei J.; Berkebile, Dennis R.; Wienhold, Brian] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.; Behle, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Zhu, JWJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Jerry.Zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 23 BP 12320 EP 12326 DI 10.1021/jf102811k PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 686BW UT WOS:000284672800038 PM 21058736 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Wartelle, LH Lima, IM Klasson, KT AF Uchimiya, Minori Wartelle, Lynda H. Lima, Isabel M. Klasson, K. Thomas TI Sorption of Deisopropylatrazine on Broiler Litter Biochars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biochar; deisopropylatrazine; copper; broiler litter; activated carbon ID BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ADSORPTION; MATTER; MANURE; SOILS; LEAD; CHAR; DESORPTION; PYROLYSIS AB Biochars have received increasing attention in recent years because of a large-scale soil amendment to improve soil fertility, immobilize contaminants, and to serve as a recalcitrant carbon stock. Information is currently lacking in factors controlling the sorption capacity of manure-derived biochars. In this study, sorption isotherms for deisopropylatrazine, a stable metabolite of the widely applied herbicide atrazine, were obtained in acidic aqueous media (pH 5.5) for broiler litter-derived biochars formed by pyrolysis at 350 and 700 degrees C with and without steam activation at 800 degrees C. An increase in the Freundlich distribution coefficient (K(F)) and isotherm nonlinearity (n(F)) was observed with pyrolysis temperature and steam-activation, suggesting that the surface area and aromaticity (degree of carbonization) are the factors controlling the sorption capacity of chars at low surface coverage. At high surface coverage, the isotherms became increasingly linear, suggesting sorption on noncarbonized fraction of biochars. In binary-solute experiments, the sorption of deisopropylatrazine was significantly diminished by Cu(II), further suggesting the predominance of the surface adsorption mechanism at low surface coverage of biochars. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Wartelle, Lynda H.; Lima, Isabel M.; Klasson, K. Thomas] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 23 BP 12350 EP 12356 DI 10.1021/jf102152q PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 686BW UT WOS:000284672800042 PM 21049997 ER PT J AU Savary, BJ Vasu, P Nunez, A Cameron, RG AF Savary, Brett J. Vasu, Prasanna Nunez, Alberto Cameron, Randall G. TI Identification of Thermolabile Pectin Methylesterases from Sweet Orange Fruit by Peptide Mass Fingerprinting SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cell wall protein; Citrus sinensis; fruit enzyme; MALDI-TOF MS; orange juice cloud stability; pectinesterase; peptide mass fingerprinting ID SINENSIS VAR. VALENCIA; CITRUS JUICES; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; PECTINESTERASES; PURIFICATION; INACTIVATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION; STABILITY AB The multiple forms of the enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME) present in citrus fruit tissues vary in activity toward juice cloud-associated pectin substrates and, thus, in their impact on juice cloud stability and product quality. Because the proteins responsible for individual PME activities are rarely identified by structural properties or correlated to specific PME genes, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) was investigated as a direct means to unequivocally identify the thermolabile (TL-) PME isoforms isolated from sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] fruit tissue. Affinity-purified TL-PME preparations were separated by SDS-PAGE prior to trypsin digestion and analyzed by MS for peptide mass fingerprinting. The two major PME isoforms accumulated in citrus fruit matched existing accessions in the SwissProt database. Although similar in size by SDS-PAGE, isoform-specific peptide ion signatures easily distinguished the two PMEs. C1 [Savary, Brett J.; Nunez, Alberto] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Savary, Brett J.; Vasu, Prasanna] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Cameron, Randall G.] ARS, Qual Improvement Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Savary, BJ (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bsavary@astate.edu NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 23 BP 12462 EP 12468 DI 10.1021/jf102558y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 686BW UT WOS:000284672800057 PM 21053908 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R Do, PM AF Rasooly, Reuven Do, Paula M. TI Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Is Heat-Stable in Milk and Not Inactivated by Pasteurization SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Clostridium botulinum; fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET); pasteurization; SNAP-25; synaptobrevin 2; immunomagnetic beads ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; ASSAY AB Foodborne botulism is caused by the ingestion of foods containing botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). To study the heat stability of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins, we needed to measure and compare the activity of botulinum neurotoxins, serotypes A and B, under various pasteurization conditions. Currently, the only accepted assay to detect active C. botulinum neurotoxin is an in vivo mouse bioassay, which raises ethical concerns with regard to the use of experimental animals. In this study, noninvasive methods were used to simultaneously detect and distinguish between active BoNT serotypes A and B in one reaction and sample. We developed an enzymatic activity assay employing internally quenched fluorogenic peptides corresponding to SNAP-25, for BoNT-A, and VAMP2, for BoNT-B, as an alternative method to the mouse bioassay. Because each peptide is labeled with different fluorophores, we were able to distinguish between these two toxins. We used this method to analyze the heat stability of BoNT-A and BoNT-B. This study reports that conventional milk pasteurization (63 degrees C, 30 min) inactivated BoNT serotype A; however, serotype B is heat-stable in milk and not inactivated by pasteurization. Using this activity assay, we also showed that the commonly used food processes such as acidity and pasteurization, which are known to inhibit C. botulinum growth and toxin production, are more effective in inactivating BoNT serotype A than serotype B when conventional pasteurization (63 degrees C, 30 min) is used. C1 [Rasooly, Reuven; Do, Paula M.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rasooly, R (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 23 BP 12557 EP 12561 DI 10.1021/jf1028398 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 686BW UT WOS:000284672800071 PM 21053906 ER PT J AU King, SR Davis, AR Zhang, XP Crosby, K AF King, Stephen R. Davis, Angela R. Zhang, Xingping Crosby, Kevin TI Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstocks for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Review DE Industry prospective; Literature review; Vegetable grafting; Rootstock species ID FUSARIUM-WILT; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; METHYL-BROMIDE; CUCUMIS-MELO; RESISTANCE; MUSKMELON; JAPAN; INHERITANCE; HISTORY; TOMATO AB In many parts of the world, grafting is a routine technique used in continuous cropping systems. It was first commonly used in Asia during the late 1920s by grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) onto pumpkin [Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex. Poir] rootstocks. Use of rootstocks can enhance whole plant biotic stress responses by improving plant vigor through vigorous attainment of soil nutrients, avoidance of soil pathogens and tolerance of low soil temperatures, salinity, and wet-soil conditions. The type of rootstock affects scion growth, yield, and fruit quality. Grafting is rare in the United States, due in part to cost and availability of facilities, but with continued loss of quality disease-free farmland along with the phase-out of methyl bromide, vegetable grafting is an attractive option. However, grafting cost, limited grafting facilities, methyl bromide exclusions, shipping costs, and legal issues associated with contracting for grafted plant delivery have caused slow acceptance of this option. This review discusses recent literature on vegetable grafting with a focus on the genetics and breeding of the rootstock, and delves into current issues affecting the grafting industry. Issues affecting acceptance of grafting in the United States and Canada are highlighted. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [King, Stephen R.; Crosby, Kevin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, Angela R.] ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Zhang, Xingping] Syngenta Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. RP King, SR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, Mail Stop 2133, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM srking@tamu.edu FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas AgriLife Research [2005-34402-16401, 2006-34402-17121] FX We would like to thank the following industry specialists for supplying information on grafting trends: Dr. Pilar Checa, Syngenta Seeds; Ted Superak, Harris Moran Seed Co.; Eran Yossov, Hazera Genetics Ltd.; Jaw-Fen Wang, AVRDC. This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture under Agreements Nos. 2005-34402-16401 and 2006-34402-17121, "Designing Foods for Health" through the Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas AgriLife Research. NR 51 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 13 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 127 IS 2 SI SI BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.001 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 703CN UT WOS:000285951800003 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Gelman, DB Salvucci, ME Chen, YP Blackburn, MB AF Hu, Jing S. Gelman, Dale B. Salvucci, Michael E. Chen, Yan P. Blackburn, Michael B. TI Insecticidal activity of some reducing sugars against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, Biotype B SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antifeedant; artificial diet; toxic sugars; arabinose; mannose; ribose; xylose ID ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA ALEYRODIDAE; SUCROSE CONCENTRATION; NICOTIANA-GOSSEI; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ESTERS; PHLOEM; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARBOHYDRATE; TEMPERATURE AB The effects of 16 sugars (arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, gentiobiose, glucose, inositol, lactose, maltose, mannitol (a sugar alcohol), mannose, melibiose, ribose, sorbitol, trehalose, and xylose) on sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) survival were determined using in vitro bioassays. Of these sugars, arabinose, mannose, ribose, and xylose were strongly inhibitory to both nymphal and adult survival. When 10% mannose was added to the nymphal diet, 10.5%, 1.0%, and 0% developed to the 2(nd), 3(rd), and 4(th) instars, respectively. When 10% arabinose was added, 10.8% and 0% of the nymphs molted to the 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars, respectively. Addition of 10% xylose or ribose completely terminated B. tabaci development, preventing the molt to the 2(nd) instar. With decreasing sugar concentrations the inhibitory effect was significantly reduced. In tests using adults, arabinose, galactose, inositol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melibiose, ribose, sorbitol, trehalose, and xylose significantly reduced mean day survival. Mortality rates were highest when arabinose, mannitol, mannose, ribose, or xylose was added to the diet. Mean day survival was less than 2 days when adults were fed on diet containing 10% of any one of these five sugars. When lower concentrations of sugars were used there was a decrease in mortality. Mode of action studies revealed that toxicity was not due to the inhibition of alpha glucosidase (converts sucrose to glucose and fructose) and/or trehalulose synthase (converts sucrose to trehalulose) activity. The result of agarose gel electrophoresis of RT-PCR products of bacterial endosymbionts amplified from RNA isolated from whiteflies fed with 10% arabinose, mannose, or xylose indicated that the concentration of endosymbionts in mycetomes was not affected by the toxic sugars. Experiments in which B. tabaci were fed on diets that contained radio-labeled sucrose, methionine or inulin and one or none (control) of the highly toxic sugars showed that radioactivity (expressed in DPM) in the body, in excreted honeydew and/or carbon dioxide, was significantly reduced as compared to controls. Thus, it appears that the ability of insecticidal sugars to act as antifeedants is responsible for their toxicity to B. tabaci. C1 [Hu, Jing S.; Gelman, Dale B.; Blackburn, Michael B.] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Chen, Yan P.] ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jing.hu@ars.usda.gov; dale.gelman@ars.usda.gov; mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov; judy.chen@ars.usda.gov; mike.blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 203 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 698YT UT WOS:000285631800001 PM 21268696 ER PT J AU Crow, WT van den Berg, MJ AF Crow, W. T. van den Berg, M. J. TI An improved approach for estimating observation and model error parameters in soil moisture data assimilation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; HYDROLOGIC DATA ASSIMILATION; LAND INFORMATION-SYSTEM; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SURFACE; STABILITY; FRAMEWORK AB The accurate specification of observing and/or modeling error statistics presents a remaining challenge to the successful implementation of many land data assimilation systems. Recent work has developed adaptive filtering approaches that address this issue. However, such approaches possess a number of known weaknesses, including a required assumption of serially uncorrelated error in assimilated observations. Recent validation results for remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals call this assumption into question. Here we propose and test an alternative system for tuning a soil moisture data assimilation system, which is robust to the presence of autocorrelated observing error. The approach is based on the application of a triple collocation approach to estimate the error variance of remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals. Using this estimate, the variance of assumed modeling perturbations is tuned until normalized filtering innovations have a temporal variance of one. Real data results over three highly instrumented watershed sites in the United States demonstrate that this approach is superior to a classical tuning strategy based on removing the serial autocorrelation in Kalman filtering innovations and nearly as accurate as a calibrated Colored Kalman filter in which autocorrelated observing errors are treated optimally. C1 [Crow, W. T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, BARC W, Rm 104,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov FU NASA [NNG05GB61G] FX Support for this study was provided by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program through grant NNG05GB61G. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W12519 DI 10.1029/2010WR009402 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 693XQ UT WOS:000285259100003 ER PT J AU You, FM Luo, MC Xu, KN Deal, KR Anderson, OD Dvorak, J AF You, Frank M. Luo, Ming-Cheng Xu, Kenong Deal, Karin R. Anderson, Olin D. Dvorak, Jan TI A new implementation of high-throughput five-dimensional clone pooling strategy for BAC library screening SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID OVERGO HYBRIDIZATION; MAPS; CONTIGS AB Background: A five-dimensional (5-D) clone pooling strategy for screening of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones with molecular markers utilizing highly-parallel Illumina GoldenGate assays and PCR facilitates high-throughput BAC clone and BAC contig anchoring on a genetic map. However, this strategy occasionally needs manual PCR to deconvolute pools and identify truly positive clones. Results: A new implementation is reported here for our previously reported clone pooling strategy. Row and column pools of BAC clones are divided into sub-pools with 1 similar to 2x genome coverage. All BAC pools are screened with Illumina's GoldenGate assay and the BAC pools are deconvoluted to identify individual positive clones. Putative positive BAC clones are then further analyzed to find positive clones on the basis of them being neighbours in a contig. An exhaustive search or brute force algorithm was designed for this deconvolution and integrated into a newly developed software tool, FPCBrowser, for analyzing clone pooling data. This algorithm was used with empirical data for 55 Illumina GoldenGate SNP assays detecting SNP markers mapped on Aegilops tauschii chromosome 2D and Ae. tauschii contig maps. Clones in single contigs were successfully assigned to 48 (87%) specific SNP markers on the map with 91% precision. Conclusion: A new implementation of 5-D BAC clone pooling strategy employing both GoldenGate assay screening and assembled BAC contigs is shown here to be a high-throughput, low cost, rapid, and feasible approach to screening BAC libraries and anchoring BAC clones and contigs on genetic maps. The software FPCBrowser with the integrated clone deconvolution algorithm has been developed and is downloadable at http://avena.pw.usda.gov/wheatD/fpcbrowser.shtml. C1 [You, Frank M.; Luo, Ming-Cheng; Xu, Kenong; Deal, Karin R.; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95516 USA. [You, Frank M.; Anderson, Olin D.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dvorak, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95516 USA. EM jdvorak@ucdavis.edu RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 FU US National Sciences Foundation [IOS 0701916] FX Authors are grateful to Alina. R. Akhunova for preparing BAC pools and Vanessa Rashbrook for performing the Illumina GoldenGate assays. This work is supported by the US National Sciences Foundation grant IOS 0701916. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 6 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 692 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-692 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 702TD UT WOS:000285917900001 PM 21129228 ER PT J AU Ersoz, ES Wright, MH Gonzalez-Martinez, SC Langley, CH Neale, DB AF Ersoz, Elhan S. Wright, Mark H. Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C. Langley, Charles H. Neale, David B. TI Evolution of Disease Response Genes in Loblolly Pine: Insights from Candidate Genes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TAEDA L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BALANCING SELECTION; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; LOCUS; RUST; RECOMBINATION; HITCHHIKING AB Background: Host-pathogen interactions that may lead to a competitive co-evolution of virulence and resistance mechanisms present an attractive system to study molecular evolution because strong, recent (or even current) selective pressure is expected at many genomic loci. However, it is unclear whether these selective forces would act to preserve existing diversity, promote novel diversity, or reduce linked neutral diversity during rapid fixation of advantageous alleles. In plants, the lack of adaptive immunity places a larger burden on genetic diversity to ensure survival of plant populations. This burden is even greater if the generation time of the plant is much longer than the generation time of the pathogen. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we present nucleotide polymorphism and substitution data for 41 candidate genes from the long-lived forest tree loblolly pine, selected primarily for their prospective influences on host-pathogen interactions. This dataset is analyzed together with 15 drought-tolerance and 13 wood-quality genes from previous studies. A wide range of neutrality tests were performed and tested against expectations from realistic demographic models. Conclusions/Significance: Collectively, our analyses found that axr (auxin response factor), caf1 (chromatin assembly factor) and gatabp1 (gata binding protein 1) candidate genes carry patterns consistent with directional selection and erd3 (early response to drought 3) displays patterns suggestive of a selective sweep, both of which are consistent with the arm-race model of disease response evolution. Furthermore, we have identified patterns consistent with diversifying selection at erf1-like (ethylene responsive factor 1), ccoaoemt (caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase), cyp450-like (cytochrome p450-like) and pr4.3 (pathogen response 4.3), expected under the trench-warfare evolution model. Finally, a drought-tolerance candidate related to the plant cell wall, lp5, displayed patterns consistent with balancing selection. In conclusion, both arms-race and trench-warfare models seem compatible with patterns of polymorphism found in different disease-response candidate genes, indicating a mixed strategy of disease tolerance evolution for loblolly pine, a major tree crop in southeastern United States. C1 [Ersoz, Elhan S.; Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C.; Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wright, Mark H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C.] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria CIFOR, Dept Forest Syst & Resources, Ctr Forest Res, Ctr Invest Forestal, Madrid, Spain. [Langley, Charles H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Neale, David B.] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Davis, CA USA. RP Ersoz, ES (reprint author), Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Stanton, MN USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/H-2014-2012; OI Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/0000-0002-4534-3766; Wright, Mark/0000-0001-8036-1161 FU University of California; 'Similar toRamon y Cajal' fellowship [RC02-2941]; Cornell Presidential Genomics Initiative Fellowship; NSF [0606461]; USDA/IFAFS [2001-52100-11315] FX The work of Santiago C. Gonzalez-Martinez was supported by a Fulbright/MECD scholarship at University of California (Davis) and the 'similar to Ramon y Cajal' fellowship RC02-2941. The work of Mark Wright was supported by the Cornell Presidential Genomics Initiative Fellowship and NSF #0606461. Funding for this research was provided by ADEPT project USDA/IFAFS grant # 2001-52100-11315 (http://dendrome.ucdavis.edu/adept). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 6 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14234 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014234 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 690IB UT WOS:000284995300006 PM 21151911 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Finkenstadt, VL Gordon, SH Palmquist, DE AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Finkenstadt, Victoria L. Gordon, Sherald H. Palmquist, Debra E. TI Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Compression-Molded pMDI-Reinforced PCL/Gluten Composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat gluten; PCL; compression molding; mechanical properties; DSC; TGA; FTIR; degradation kinetics; pMDI ID DRY-STRENGTH AGENT; POLY(LACTIC ACID); CARBAMOYLETHYL STARCH; TRIBUTYL CITRATE; WET-STRENGTH; BLENDS; PLASTICIZERS; POLYLACTIDE; DEXTRAN; PAPER AB Many biopolymers and synthetic polymers composites were developed by different researchers for environmental protection and for cost reduction. One of these composites is polycaprolactone (PCL) and vital wheat gluten or wheat flour composites were prepared and compatibilized with polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) by blending and compression-molding. PCL/pMDI blend exhibited glass transition (T(g)) at -67 degrees C (0.20 J/g/degrees C) and vital gluten at 63 degrees C (0.45 J/g/degrees C), whereas no T(g) was recorded for wheat flour. Although T(g) was unmistakable for either PCL or gluten, all composite exhibited one T(g), which is strong indication of interaction between PCL and the fillers. Several samples amongst the blended or compression-molded composites exhibited no T(g) signifying another confirmation of interaction. The Delta H of the endothermic (melting) and the exothermic (crystallization) for PCL was decreased as the percentage of gluten or flour increased, whereas the overall Delta H was higher for all composites compared to the theoretical value. The presence of pMDI appeared to strengthen the mechanical properties of the composites by mostly interacting with the filler (gluten or flour) and not as much with PCL. The FTIR analysis ruled out covalent interaction between PCL, pMDI, or the fillers but suggested the occurrence of physical interactions. Based on the data presented here and the data published earlier, the presence of pMDI did not change the nature of interaction between PCL and gluten, but it improved the mechanical properties of the composite. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) J Appl Polym Sci 118: 2778-2790, 2010 C1 [Mohamed, Abdellatif; Gordon, Sherald H.] ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Finkenstadt, Victoria L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM a.mohamed@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2010 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2778 EP 2790 DI 10.1002/app.32260 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 662UZ UT WOS:000282840900034 ER PT J AU Katz, RL Lopez, LM Annelli, JF Arthur, RR Carroll, D Chapman, LW Cole, K Gay, CG Lowe, DL Resnick, G Russell, KL AF Katz, Rebecca L. Lopez, Leana M. Annelli, Joseph F. Arthur, Ray R. Carroll, Dennis Chapman, Leonard W. Cole, Kenneth Gay, Cyril G. Lowe, Daniel L. Resnick, Gary Russell, Kevin L. TI US Government engagement in support of global disease surveillance SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review AB Global cooperation is essential for coordinated planning and response to public health emergencies, as well as for building sufficient capacity around the world to detect, assess and respond to health events. The United States is committed to, and actively engaged in, supporting disease surveillance capacity building around the world. We recognize that there are many agencies involved in this effort, which can become confusing to partner countries and other public health entities. This paper aims to describe the agencies and offices working directly on global disease surveillance capacity building in order to clarify the United States Government interagency efforts in this space. C1 [Katz, Rebecca L.; Lopez, Leana M.; Lowe, Daniel L.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Katz, Rebecca L.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Annelli, Joseph F.] USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. [Arthur, Ray R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carroll, Dennis] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Chapman, Leonard W.; Cole, Kenneth] US Dept Def, Arlington, VA USA. [Gay, Cyril G.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Resnick, Gary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Russell, Kevin L.] US Dept Def, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Katz, RL (reprint author), US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM KatzRL@state.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 10 SU 1 AR S13 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-S1-S13 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WN UT WOS:000290279300013 PM 21143823 ER PT J AU Saeki, Y Ozumi, S Yamamoto, A Umehara, Y Hayashi, M Sigua, GC AF Saeki, Yuichi Ozumi, Satoru Yamamoto, Akihiro Umehara, Yosuke Hayashi, Masaki Sigua, Gilbert C. TI Changes in Population Occupancy of Bradyrhizobia under Different Temperature Regimes SO MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bradyrhizobium; community; environmental gradients; population occupancy; soil temperature ID SOYBEAN-NODULATING BRADYRHIZOBIA; RJ-GENOTYPE SOYBEANS; USDA STRAINS; JAPONICUM; JAPAN; DIVERSITY; SOIL; THAILAND; GROWTH; REGION AB To elucidate how temperature affects bradyrhizobial ecology, long-term incubations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6(T), 38, and 123 and of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76(T) were conducted under various temperature conditions. Proliferative traits in liquid culture and population occupancies in soil microcosms were compared. The occupancies of USDA 76(T) and USDA 123 in soil microcosms during long-term incubation changed with the temperature conditions. These results suggest that temperature is an environmental factor affecting the ecology and occupancy of bradyrhizobia in soils. C1 [Saeki, Yuichi; Ozumi, Satoru; Yamamoto, Akihiro] Miyazaki Univ, Dept Biochem & Appl Biosci, Fac Agr, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Umehara, Yosuke; Hayashi, Masaki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Div Plant Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Sigua, Gilbert C.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Saeki, Y (reprint author), Miyazaki Univ, Dept Biochem & Appl Biosci, Fac Agr, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. EM yt-saeki@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19580069, 22580068]; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [DD-2020] FX This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (no. 19580069 and no. 22580068) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (Genomics for Agricultural Innovation, DD-2020). NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU JAPANESE SOC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, DEPT BIORESOURCE SCIENCE PI IBARAKI PA C/O DR. HIROYUKI OHTA, SEC, IBARAKI UNIV COLLEGE OF AGRICULT, AMI-MACHI, IBARAKI, JAPAN SN 1342-6311 J9 MICROBES ENVIRON JI Microbes Environ. PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.1264/jsme2.ME10128 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 689FZ UT WOS:000284914000011 PM 21576887 ER PT J AU Daniels, TF Wu, XL Pan, ZX Michal, JJ Wright, RW Killinger, KM MacNeil, MD Jiang, ZH AF Daniels, Tyler F. Wu, Xiao-Lin Pan, Zengxiang Michal, Jennifer J. Wright, Raymond W., Jr. Killinger, Karen M. MacNeil, Michael D. Jiang, Zhihua TI The Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway Improves Understanding of Genetic Networks for Fat Deposition and Muscle Growth in Beef Cattle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LIPASE; HDL; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; POLYMORPHISMS; MECHANISMS; RECEPTOR AB In the present study, thirteen genes involved in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway were investigated for their associations with three fat depositions, eight fatty acid compositions and two growth-related phenotypes in a Wagyu x Limousin reference population, including 6 F-1 bulls, 113 F-1 dams, and 246 F-2 progeny. A total of 37 amplicons were used to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 6 F-1 bulls. Among 36 SNPs detected in 11 of these 13 genes, 19 were selected for genotyping by the Sequenom assay design on all F-2 progeny. Single-marker analysis revealed seven SNPs in ATP binding cassette A1, apolipoproteins A1, B and E, phospholipid transfer protein and paraoxinase 1 genes significantly associated with nine phenotypes (P < 0.05). Previously, we reported genetic networks associated with 19 complex phenotypes based on a total of 138 genetic polymorphisms derived from 71 known functional genes. Therefore, after Bonferroni correction, these significant (adjusted P < 0.05) and suggestive (adjusted P < 0.10) associations were then used to identify genetic networks related to the RCT pathway. Multiple-marker analysis suggested possible genetic networks involving the RCT pathway for kidney-pelvic-heart fat percentage, rib-eye area, and subcutaneous fat depth phenotypes with markers derived from paraoxinase 1, apolipoproteins A1 and E, respectively. The present study confirmed that genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis are useful targets for investigating obesity in humans as well as for improving meat quality phenotypes in a livestock production. C1 [Daniels, Tyler F.; Pan, Zengxiang; Michal, Jennifer J.; Wright, Raymond W., Jr.; Jiang, Zhihua] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wu, Xiao-Lin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Killinger, Karen M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [MacNeil, Michael D.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Daniels, TF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jiangz@wsu.edu RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009; Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008 OI Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X FU Merial Ltd.; Washington State University, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center FX This work was supported by Merial Ltd. Animal Genomics Research Fund to Z.J. This activity was also funded, in part, with an Emerging Research Issues Internal Competitive Grant from the Washington State University, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station was responsible for maintaining the cattle; USDA Agricultural Research Service supported collection of phenotypic data and provided DNA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15203 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015203 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 689PF UT WOS:000284939600033 PM 21151936 ER PT J AU Abt, RC Abt, KL Cubbage, FW Henderson, JD AF Abt, Robert C. Abt, Karen L. Cubbage, Frederick W. Henderson, Jesse D. TI Effect of policy-based bioenergy demand on southern timber markets: A case study of North Carolina SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Renewable electricity portfolio standard; Biomass supply; Timber markets; Logging residuals; Timber supply projections ID LOGGING RESIDUES; AVAILABILITY; USA AB Key factors driving renewable energy demand are state and federal policies requiring the use of renewable feedstocks to produce energy (renewable portfolio standards) and liquid fuels (renewable fuel standards). However, over the next decade, the infrastructure for renewable energy supplies is unlikely to develop as fast as both policy- and market-motivated renewable energy demands. This will favor the use of existing wood as a feedstock in the first wave of bioenergy production. The ability to supply wood over the next decade is a function of the residual utilization, age class structure, and competition from traditional wood users. Using the North Carolina Renewable Portfolio Standard as a case study, combined with assumptions regarding energy efficiency, logging residual utilization, and traditional wood demands over time, we simulate the impacts of increased woody biomass demand on timber markets. We focus on the dynamics resulting from the interaction of short-run demand changes and long-term supply responses. We conclude that logging residuals alone may be unable to meet bioenergy demands from North Carolina's Renewable Portfolio Standard. Thus, small roundwood (pulpwood) may be used to meet remaining bioenergy demands, resulting in increased timber prices and removals; displacement of traditional products; higher forest landowner incomes; and changes in the structure of the forest resource. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Abt, Robert C.; Abt, Karen L.; Cubbage, Frederick W.; Henderson, Jesse D.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Abt, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 30141 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kabt@fs.fed.us FU NC State University; Southern Forest Resource Assessment Consortium (SOFAC); USDA Forest Service; Sun Grant FX Funding for this research was provided by NC State University, the Southern Forest Resource Assessment Consortium (SOFAC), the USDA Forest Service, and Sun Grant(DOT). NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1679 EP 1686 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.05.007 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 691ZI UT WOS:000285120900006 ER PT J AU Reed, SM AF Reed, Sandra M. TI 'Ruby Slippers' and 'Munchkin' Oak leaf Hydrangeas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, 472 Cadillac Lane, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. EM Sandra.Reed@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1908 EP 1909 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 695LO UT WOS:000285371800032 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE AF Riedell, Walter E. TI Mineral-nutrient synergism and dilution responses to nitrogen fertilizer in field-grown maize SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop mineral nutrition; monoculture; nitrogen deficiency; nutrient interaction ID USE EFFICIENCY; CORN; ROOTS; MANGANESE; IRON AB Nitrogen (N)-fertilizer applications to field-grown maize may result in a dilution response whereby essential mineral-element concentrations in shoots would decrease as shoot-dry-matter accumulation increased. To investigate this, the effect of N-fertilizer treatments (no N or fertilizer rate based upon 5.3 or 8.5 t ha(-1) yield goal) on maize (Zea mays L.) shoot dry weight and shoot mineral concentrations (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, and Mn) at the sixth leaf (V6), twelfth leaf (V12), and tassel (VT) development stages were investigated in a 2-year study conducted at Brookings, South Dakota (USA). With increasing N-fertilizer application rates, shoot dry weight was greater and shoot P and K concentrations decreased. A possible explanation of this dilution response is that planting-time P and K fertilizers, which were applied in a band near the seed furrow, may have enhanced the uptake of P and K in a manner that was independent of N-fertilizer treatments. Increased shoot-dry-weight production due to the application of N fertilizers, if P and K uptake were similar across N-fertilizer treatments, would lead to decreased shoot P and K concentrations in N-sufficient compared with N-deficient plants. Conversely, N-fertilizer-induced increases in shoot dry weight were accompanied by increased shoot concentrations of N, Ca, and Mn. This synergistic response between dry-weight accumulation and shoot N concentration was present at all leaf developmental stages studied, while that for Ca was present only at VT. Thus, N fertilizer applications that increase shoot dry weight can affect the dilution and synergistic responses of specific mineral nutrients in maize shoots. Crop developmental stage as well as the location of these specific mineral nutrients in the soil profile might play important roles in mediating these responses. C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 173 IS 6 BP 869 EP 874 DI 10.1002/jpln.200900218 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 694QW UT WOS:000285313700009 ER PT J AU Kim, HM Kim, HR Hou, CT Kim, BS AF Kim, Han-Min Kim, Hak-Ryul Hou, Ching T. Kim, Beom Soo TI Biodegradable Photo-Crosslinked Thin Polymer Networks Based on Vegetable Oil Hydroxy Fatty Acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Castor oil; 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid; Photo-crosslinked polymer network; Eco friendly; Biodegradable ID 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; SOYBEAN OIL; CASTOR-OIL; PLANT; FOAM; COPOLYMERIZATION; STYRENE AB Novel crosslinked thin polymer networks based on vegetable oil hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) were prepared by UV photopolymerization and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Two raw materials, castor oil and 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) were used as sources of mono- and di-HFAs, respectively. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) diacrylate and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diacrylate were synthesized and used as crosslinking agents to form crosslinked polymer networks by UV-initiated free-radical polymerization with acrylated castor oil or acrylated DOD. The synthesis of acrylate derivatives was confirmed using FT-IR and (1)H-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The composition of the reaction mixture and the type/length of crosslinking agent were changed to obtain crosslinked polymer networks with various mechanical properties. For polymers prepared from high molecular weight (20,000) PEG, a 58-60% of the initial weights decreased in 35 days in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) containing lipase enzyme. These potentially biodegradable polymers based on vegetable oil HFAs can be used as eco-friendly materials for various applications to replace the existing petroleum-based polymers currently used. C1 [Kim, Han-Min; Kim, Beom Soo] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Kim, Hak-Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hou, Ching T.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, BS (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM bskim@chungbuk.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation [2009-0083983]; Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE); Korea Institute for Advancement in Technology (KIAT) FX This work was supported by grant No. 2009-0083983 from the Basic Research Program of the National Research Foundation and by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) and Korea Institute for Advancement in Technology (KIAT) through the Workforce Development Program in Strategic Technology. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1451 EP 1459 DI 10.1007/s11746-010-1634-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694BO UT WOS:000285270200008 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Letcher, BH Nislow, KH Lutz, KA Magilligan, FJ AF Zimmerman, Julie K. H. Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. Lutz, Kimberly A. Magilligan, Francis J. TI DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF DAMS ON SUBDAILY VARIATION IN RIVER FLOWS AT A WHOLE-BASIN SCALE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Connecticut River; dams; flood control; flow restoration; flow variability; hydrologic alteration; hydropower; subdaily variation ID GLEN CANYON DAM; CONNECTICUT RIVER; PHYSICAL HABITAT; VARIABILITY; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; REGIME; IMPOUNDMENT; HYDROPOWER; MANAGEMENT AB River regulation can alter the frequency and magnitude of subdaily flow variations causing major impacts on ecological structure and function. We developed an approach to quantify subdaily flow variation for multiple sites across a large watershed to assess the potential impacts of different dam operations (flood control, run-of-river hydropower and peaking hydropower) on natural communities. We used hourly flow data over a 9-year period from 30 stream gages throughout the Connecticut River basin to calculate four metrics of subdaily flow variation and to compare sites downstream of dams with unregulated sites. Our objectives were to (1) determine the temporal scale of data needed to characterize subdaily variability; (2) compare the frequency of days with high subdaily flow variation downstream of dams and unregulated sites; (3) analyse the magnitude of subdaily variation at all sites and (4) identify individual sites that had subdaily variation significantly higher than unregulated locations. We found that estimates of flow variability based on daily mean flow data were not sufficient to characterize subdaily flow patterns. Alteration of subdaily flows was evident in the number of days natural ranges of variability were exceeded, rather than in the magnitude of subdaily variation, suggesting that all rivers may exhibit highly variable subdaily flows, but altered rivers exhibit this variability more frequently. Peaking hydropower facilities had the most highly altered subdaily flows; however, we observed significantly altered ranges of subdaily variability downstream of some flood-control and run-of-river hydropower dams. Our analysis can be used to identify situations where dam operating procedures could be modified to reduce the level of hydrologic alteration. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zimmerman, Julie K. H.] Nature Conservancy, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, S O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lutz, Kimberly A.] Nature Conservancy, Northampton, MA 01060 USA. [Magilligan, Francis J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jzimmerman@tnc.org FU Bingham Trust; Nature Conservancy; US Army Corps of Engineers FX Funding for this project was provided by the Bingham Trust. We thank Alex Lester for assisting with data collection and calculation of metrics, and Alex Jospe for assisting with figure creation. This paper was completed as part of the Connecticut River Watershed Project, a joint partnership of The Nature Conservancy and US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1246 EP 1260 DI 10.1002/rra.1324 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 694RE UT WOS:000285314500003 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, MA Somers, CM Poulin, RG Rudolph, DC Martino, J Tuberville, TD Hagen, C Lance, SL AF Kwiatkowski, Matthew A. Somers, Christopher M. Poulin, Ray G. Rudolph, D. Craig Martino, Jessica Tuberville, Tracey D. Hagen, Cris Lance, Stacey L. TI Development and characterization of 16 microsatellite markers for the Louisiana pine snake, Pituophis ruthveni, and two congeners of conservation concern SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Pituophis; Bullsnake; Pine snake; Louisiana pine snake; Microsatellite; PCR primers; SSR; STR ID COLUBRIDAE AB We isolated and characterized 16 microsatellite loci from the Louisiana pine snake, Pituophis ruthveni. Loci were screened in 24 individuals from locations throughout its distribution in Louisiana and Texas. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 12, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.200 to 0.875, and the probability of identity ranged from 0.043 to 0.298. We examined cross-species amplification at these loci in P. catenifer (bullsnakes and gopher snakes) and P. melanoleucus (pine snakes). These new markers provide tools for examining the conservation genetics of this species complex. Louisiana pine snakes face numerous threats: population densities are extremely low and their natural habitat has been severely altered and fragmented. In southern Canada, P. catenifer is at the northern extreme of its range and limited by the availability of suitable over-wintering sites. Hence, for these two species reduction of heterozygosity, potential for inbreeding, and increased effects of genetic drift are all of considerable conservation concern. C1 [Kwiatkowski, Matthew A.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, SFA Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Somers, Christopher M.; Poulin, Ray G.; Martino, Jessica] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Poulin, Ray G.] Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, SK S4P 2V7, Canada. [Rudolph, D. Craig] US Forest Serv, Wildlife & Habitat Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Tuberville, Tracey D.; Hagen, Cris; Lance, Stacey L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, MA (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, SFA Stn, Miller Sci Bldg,POB 13003, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM kwiatkowm@sfasu.edu RI Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733 FU USDA Forest Service [SRS 09-CA-11330124-017]; Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506] FX We thank all those who helped collect tissue samples, especially Josh Pierce and Christopher Melder. This work was supported by funds from a cooperative agreement between M. Kwiatkowski and the Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service (No. SRS 09-CA-11330124-017). Manuscript preparation was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. We also thank the following contributors and partners: Fort Polk United States Army Base, Saskatchewan Environment Fish & Wildlife Development Fund, Grasslands National Park, Canada Research Chairs program, and Dennilyn Parker. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9208-3 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000037 ER PT J AU Reilly, SB Gottscho, AD Garwood, JM Jennings, WB AF Reilly, Sean B. Gottscho, Andrew D. Garwood, Justin M. Jennings, W. Bryan TI PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF COMMON GARTER SNAKE (THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS) STOMACH CONTENTS DETECTS CRYPTIC RANGE OF A SECRETIVE SALAMANDER (ENSATINA ESCHSCHOLTZII OREGONENSIS) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Common Garter Snake; distribution; Ensatina; Ensatina eschscholtzii; Klamath Mountains; mitochondrial DNA; Thamnophis sirtalis ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; CONFIDENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Given the current global amphibian decline, it is crucial to obtain accurate and current information regarding species distributions. Secretive amphibians such as plethodontid salamanders can be difficult to detect in many cases, especially in remote, high elevation areas. We used molecular phylogenetic analyses to identify three partially digested salamanders palped from the stomachs of three Common Garter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) from the Klamath Mountains in northern California. Our results conclusively show that the salamanders were all individuals of Ensatina eschscholtzii oregonensis, revealing a substantial vertical range extension for this sub-species, and documenting the first terrestrial breeding salamander living in the sub-alpine zone of the Klamath Mountains. C1 [Reilly, Sean B.; Gottscho, Andrew D.; Jennings, W. Bryan] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Garwood, Justin M.] ARS, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reilly, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, 3101 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM sbreilly@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Forest Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI); California Department of Fish and Game FX Field data collection was supported by grants from the U.S. Forest Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Fieldwork was approved by Humboldt State University IACUC (02/03.W.106, 04/05.W.118), and CDFG (#6129). Thanks to Monty Larson, Ryan Bourque, and Clara Wheeler for field assistance. Special thanks to Karen Pope, Hart Welsh Jr., and Sharyn Lawler for providing two salamander tissue samples. We also thank Anthony Baker for lab support, Sharyn Marks for voucher submission, Dan Portik for figure assistance, and David Wake, Adam Leache, and the McGuire Lab Group for comments. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) provided financial support to Humboldt State University for the laboratory work. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 BP 395 EP 402 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 749ZL UT WOS:000289512000004 ER PT J AU King, DT Strickland, BK Belant, JL AF King, D. Tommy Strickland, Bronson K. Belant, Jerrold L. TI Sex and Age Bias in American White Pelicans Captured and Collected on Wintering Grounds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE age; American White Pelican; capture bias; leg-hold trap; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; rocket net; segregation; sex; southeastern United States ID DELTA REGION; MISSISSIPPI; AQUACULTURE; FOOD AB While conducting research examining the impact of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) on the aquaculture industry in the southeastern United States, an apparent age and sex bias was observed among captured and collected pelicans. Data from 284 pelicans captured or collected at loafing sites located near aquaculture ponds during 1998 to 2009 were analyzed. A sampling bias could suggest segregation of pelicans by sex or age on wintering grounds. Captured pelicans were strongly biased towards immature males (73%) and collected pelicans were male biased (38% Adult Male, 47% Immature Male). Although the underlying mechanisms are not understood, observed pelican use of loafing areas may be related to numerous, readily available prey at aquaculture facilities. Received 21 December 2009, accepted 25 February 2010. C1 [King, D. Tommy] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Strickland, Bronson K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Belant, Jerrold L.] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 546 EP 549 DI 10.1675/063.033.0415 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 750HF UT WOS:000289536500015 ER PT J AU Kirkbride, JH AF Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr. TI LOTUS ALIANUS, A NEW SPECIES FROM CABO VERDE AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON LOTUS SECTION PEDROSIA (FABACEAE) SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article AB Lotus alianus J. H. Kirkbr., sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It is a rare endemic species from the Republic of Cape Verde, and is found in dry habitats on just two islands, Ilhas de Santo Antao and Sao Vicente. In addition, two species names are synonymized with L. creticus L., and a lectotype is designated for L. pseudocreticus Maire, Weiller & Wilczek. The distribution of L. jacobaeus L. is clarified as endemic to Cape Verde, and a neotype is designated for L. linearis Walp. Lotus oliveirae A. Chev. is the correct name for the species previously known as L. latifolius Brand. C1 ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Kirkbride, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM joseph.kirkbride@ars.usda.gov FU INRA-MIAC, Aridoculture Center, Settat FX I thank the following institutions for allowing me to visit their herbaria and study their legume collections: Institut de Botanique (MPU), Universite Montpellier 2, Montpellier; Institut Scientifique (RAB), Rabat-Agdal; Museo di Storia Naturale (FI), Firenze; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (P), Paris; The Natural History Museum (BM), London; and, Royal Botanic Gardens (K), Kew, and also the following herbaria for loaning material for my study: BM, C, COI, K, LISC, MA, MO, O, and US. I thank the INRA-MIAC, Aridoculture Center, Settat and its personnel for their support of our 1989 field work in Morocco, and special thanks go to Dr. M. Derkouri, our collaborator at INRA-MIAC, and Mr. Lahlou Azeddine who accompanied us in the field. Finally I thank Dr. John Wiersema for his nomenclatural advice and helpful review of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAKISTAN BOTANICAL SOC PI KARACHI PA DEPT OF BOTANY UNIV KARACHI, 32 KARACHI, PAKISTAN SN 0556-3321 J9 PAK J BOT JI Pak. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 SI SI BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 731EH UT WOS:000288088600001 ER PT J AU Chen, RQ Chang, C Tucker, ML Cooper, B AF Chen, Ruiqiang Chang, Caren Tucker, Mark L. Cooper, Bret TI Affinity Purification and Mass Spectrometry: An Attractive Choice to Investigate Protein-Protein Interactions in Plant Immunity SO CURRENT PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE Plant-pathogen interaction; plant immunity; protein-protein interaction; protein complex; affinity purification; mass spectrometry ID CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; SMALL GTPASE RAC; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SIGNALING PROTEINS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; REVERSE GENETICS; ARABIDOPSIS RIN4; INNATE IMMUNITY; ORYZA-SATIVA; COMPLEX AB The use of affinity purification to isolate protein complexes from biological tissues, followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS), has ballooned in recent years due to improvements in affinity purification protocols, sizeable increases in nucleic acid sequence data essential for interpreting mass spectra, and technological advances in mass spectrometry. Plant biologists are now exploiting AP-MS to identify plausible protein-protein interactions crucial to plant defense systems. As a result, knowledge of protein interactions in plants has grown. For example, new protein partners have been found to interact with RIN4 and RPS2, two plasma membrane-bound proteins critical for defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, a nuclear protein complex in A. thaliana that includes the defense signaling protein MOS4 has been affinity purified and many of the identified protein partners found to be conserved with those in a protein complex previously characterized in yeast and humans. In another example, several proteins were identified that interact with a defense signaling GTPase, Rac1, in rice ( Oryza sativa). Clearly, AP-MS is an important technique that will continue to provide novel insight into protein-protein interaction networks in plants. Here we review some of these recent discoveries and summarize the different techniques of AP-MS that have been used successfully to identify some of the interacting proteins in the plant defense response to pathogen attack. C1 [Tucker, Mark L.; Cooper, Bret] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Ruiqiang; Chang, Caren] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bret.cooper@ars.usda.gov RI Chang, Jianhong/B-6679-2012 FU USDA-ARS; University of Maryland; National Science Foundation [MCB-0923796] FX This work was supported by a Specific Cooperative Agreement between USDA-ARS and the University of Maryland and by a grant from the National Science Foundation (#MCB-0923796). NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-1646 J9 CURR PROTEOMICS JI Curr. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.2174/157016410793611837 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 736PK UT WOS:000288506400004 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Rosskopf, EN Hartman, RD AF Kokalis-Burelle, N. Rosskopf, E. N. Hartman, R. D. TI EVALUATION OF SOIL TREATMENTS FOR CONTROL OF MELOIDOGYNE ARENARIA IN CALADIUM TUBERS (CALADIUM x HORTULANUM) AND NEMATODE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SELECTED CULTIVARS SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE caladium; dimethyldisulfide; DMDS; Meloidogyne arenaria; methyl bromide Paladin; root-knot nematodes; soil fumigants; Telone ID HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; SUPPRESSIVENESS; FUMIGATION; INCOGNITA AB Kokalis-Burelle, N., E. N. Rosskopf, and R. D. Hartman. 2010. Evaluation of soil treatments for control of Meloidogyne arenaria in Caladium tubers (Caladium x hortulanum) and nematode susceptibility of selected cultivars. Nematropica 40: 177-189. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of soil fumigants for control of Meloidogyne arenaria on harvested caladium (Caladium x hortulanum) tubers, to determine the susceptibility of five commonly grown caladium cultivars to M. arenaria, and to evaluate effects of fumigation of previously uncultivated land on caladium production. In the fumigant effectiveness study, root condition was better and gall ratings were lower on caladium and tomato indicator plants for the dimethyl disulfide product, Paladin than for several Telone treatments and the untreated control. Of the two cultivars planted in the fumigant study, galling and M. arenaria J2 isolated from roots were both higher in ` White Delight' than ` Moonlight'. Evaluation of additional cultivars for susceptibility to M. arenaria showed that the standard hot water treatment employed by the grower as a pre-plant seed treatment was equally effective in disinfesting all caladium cultivars tested, with low numbers of viable root-knot nematode juveniles isolated from tubers following the treatment. Fumigation of previously fallow land with methyl bromide compared to non-fumigated land in the same field resulted in caladium shoot weights and root weights that were greater in methyl bromide treated soil than in untreated soil. However, root health was better in untreated soil, with no differences in galling or nematodes isolated from roots in the methyl bromide treated soil compared to the untreated soil. Evaluation of weeds as alternate hosts for root-knot nematodes in this field study revealed lower levels of galling in untreated soil compared with methyl bromide fumigated soil. C1 [Kokalis-Burelle, N.; Rosskopf, E. N.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Hartman, R. D.] Class Caladiums LLC, Avon Pk, FL 33825 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM nancy.burelle@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 177 EP 189 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 736KV UT WOS:000288494500003 ER PT J AU Cabos, RYM Sipes, BS Nagai, C Serracin, M Schmitt, DP AF Cabos, R. Y. M. Sipes, B. S. Nagai, C. Serracin, M. Schmitt, D. P. TI EVALUATION OF COFFEE GENOTYPES FOR ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE RESISTANCE SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Coffea; coffee; Meloidogyne konaensis; resistance; root-knot nematode; rootstock ID MELOIDOGYNE-KONAENSIS; ARABICA L.; HAWAII; NEMATICIDE; GUATEMALA; INCOGNITA; GROWTH; EXIGUA AB Cabos, R. Y. M., B. S. Sipes, C. Nagai, M. Serracin, and D. P. Schmitt. 2010. Evaluation of coffee genotypes for root-knot nematode resistance. Nematropica 40:191-202. Meloidogyne konaensis causes severe damage to the root systems of Coffea arabica cv. Typica 'Guatemala' grown in Kona, Hawaii. Farmers currently employ grafting of the nematode tolerant C. liberica var. dewevrei 'Fukunaga' to C. arabica cv. Typica scions. Greenhouse experiments confirmed C. liberica's tolerance to M. konaensis and M. hapla infection. Vigorous, healthy roots and rapid shoot growth occurred despite the presence of galls and high nematode populations. Coffea purpurea and C. canephora cv. Nemaya had reduced root-knot nematode populations in comparison to C. arabica cv. Typica although C. purpurea did not have the vigorous growth that was observed in C. liberica and C. canephora. Nematode populations were variable among C. liberica and C. canephora individuals, suggesting outcrossing and genetic variation among plants. The screening of C. liberica and C. arabica cultivars from Central America confirmed C. liberica had the least amount of root damage from M. konaensis infestation although C. arabica cvs. Caturra and Eritrean Moca demonstrated low nematode reproduction and moderate levels of tolerance to M. konaensis C1 [Cabos, R. Y. M.] ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resources & Dis Res Unit, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Sipes, B. S.; Schmitt, D. P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nagai, C.] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Kunia, HI 96759 USA. [Serracin, M.] Rogers Family Co Inc, Kigali, Rwanda. RP Cabos, RYM (reprint author), ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resources & Dis Res Unit, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM roxana.cabos@ars.usda.gov FU Hawaii Agriculture Research Center; USDA FX We thank Donna Meyer and Michael Young for their assistance. This work was supported in part by the USDA Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture Research special grants program and with funding from the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 EI 2220-5608 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 736KV UT WOS:000288494500004 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, IKA Mokbel, AA Handoo, ZA AF Ibrahim, I. K. A. Mokbel, A. A. Handoo, Z. A. TI CURRENT STATUS OF PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODES AND THEIR HOST PLANTS IN EGYPT SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Egypt; host plants; phytoparasitic nematodes; survey ID NORTHERN EGYPT AB Ibrahim, I. K. A., A. A. Mokbel, and Z. A. Handoo. 2010. Current status of phytoparasitic nematodes and their host plants in Egypt. Nematropica 40:239-262. In Egypt, phytoparasitic nematodes constitute a major constraint to agricultural production, especially in sandy soil and reclaimed desert lands. Nematological surveys were conducted to determine the genera and species of phytoparasitic nematodes on associated host plants in Egypt. Historical nematode records and survey results indicate the occurrence of 47 genera and 139 species of phytoparasitic nematodes on crops, grasses and weeds. Several of these species are reported for the first time associated with new host plants in Egypt. Important phytoparasitic nematodes include species of the citrus (Tylenchulus), cyst (Heterodera), dagger (Xiphinema), lance (Hoplolaimus), lesion (Pratylenchus), rice-root (Hirschmanniella), ring (Criconema, Mesocriconema), root-knot (Meloidogyne), spiral (Helicotylenchus) and stunt (Tylenchorhynchus) nematodes. Among these, Helicotylenchus and Meloidogyne were the most frequently encountered nematode genera. C1 [Handoo, Z. A.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ibrahim, I. K. A.; Mokbel, A. A.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Handoo, ZA (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Zafar.Handoo@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 239 EP 262 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 736KV UT WOS:000288494500008 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RB Vogel, KP Berdahl, J Masters, RA AF Mitchell, Robert B. Vogel, Kenneth P. Berdahl, John Masters, Robert A. TI Herbicides for Establishing Switchgrass in the Central and Northern Great Plains SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Dedicated energy crops; Switchgrass; Weed control ID BIOENERGY CROP; ATRAZINE; BIOMASS AB Weed interference limits switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) establishment from seed. Our objectives were to determine the effect of selected post-plant, preemergence herbicides on stand establishment and subsequent biomass yields of adapted upland switchgrass cultivars grown in three environments in the Central and Northern Great Plains. A separate experiment was conducted in eastern Nebraska to determine if there were any differences among switchgrass ecotypes for herbicide tolerance to the optimal herbicide combination. Herbicides applied immediately after planting were different concentrations of atrazine [Aatrex 4L (R); 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], quinclorac (Paramount (R); 3,7-Dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid), atrazine+quinclorac, imazapic {Plateau (R); 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid}, and quinclorac+ imazapic. Herbicide efficacy was determined by measuring stand frequency of occurrence and biomass yield the year after establishment. The application of quinclorac plus atrazine resulted in acceptable stands and high biomass yields. Imazapic often reduced switchgrass stands in comparison to the nontreated control and is not recommended for switchgrass establishment. In the multi-state trials, the herbicide by cultivar interaction was not significant for stands or biomass yields, indicating that the effects of herbicides on switchgrass stands and biomass yields were consistent over the upland cultivars used in the trials. No differences were detected among switchgrass lowland and upland ecotypes for tolerance to atrazine and quinclorac. Quinclorac, which provides effective control of grassy weeds, and herbicides such as atrazine which provide good broadleaf weed control are an excellent herbicide combination for establishing switchgrass for biomass production in the Great Plains and the Midwest. C1 [Mitchell, Robert B.; Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Berdahl, John] ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Mitchell, Robert B.] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46205 USA. RP Mitchell, RB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Biochem Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rob.mitchell@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9084-4 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735QR UT WOS:000288432500003 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Wilhelm, WW Karlen, DL Archer, DW Wienhold, B Lightle, DT Laird, D Baker, J Ochsner, TE Novak, JM Halvorson, AD Arriaga, F Barbour, N AF Johnson, Jane M. F. Wilhelm, Wally W. Karlen, Douglas L. Archer, David W. Wienhold, Brian Lightle, David T. Laird, David Baker, John Ochsner, Tyson E. Novak, Jeff M. Halvorson, Ardell D. Arriaga, Francisco Barbour, Nancy TI Nutrient Removal as a Function of Corn Stover Cutting Height and Cob Harvest SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Corn cobs; Corn stover; Plant nutrition; Soil fertility; Biofuel feedstock ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; RESIDUE REMOVAL; LACTATING COWS; SILAGE; YIELD; MATURITY; NITROGEN; TILLAGE AB One-pass harvest equipment has been developed to collect corn (Zea mays L.) grain, stover, and cobs that can be used as bioenergy feedstock. Nutrients removed in these feedstocks have soil fertility implication and affect feedstock quality. The study objectives were to quantify nutrient concentrations and potential removal as a function of cutting height, plant organ, and physiological stage. Plant samples were collected in 10-cm increments at seven diverse geographic locations at two maturities and analyzed for multiple elements. At grain harvest, nutrient concentration averaged 5.5 gN kg(-1), 0.5 gP kg(-1), and 6.2 gK kg(-1) in cobs, 7.5 gN kg(-1), 1.2 gP kg(-1), and 8.7 gK kg(-1) in the above-ear stover fraction, and 6.4 gN kg(-1), 1.0 gP kg(-1), and 10.7 g K kg(-1) in the below-ear stover fraction (stover fractions exclude cobs). The average collective cost to replace N, P, and K was $11.66 Mg(-1) for cobs, $17.59 Mg(-1) for above-ear stover, and $18.11 Mg(-1) for below-ear stover. If 3 Mg ha(-1) of above-ear stover fraction plus 1 Mg of cobs are harvested, an average N, P, and K replacement cost was estimated at $64 ha(-1). Collecting cobs or above-ear stover fraction may provide a higher quality feedstock while removing fewer nutrients compared to whole stover removal. This information will enable producers to balance soil fertility by adjusting fertilizer rates and to sustain soil quality by predicting C removal for different harvest scenarios. It also provides elemental information to the bioenergy industry. C1 [Johnson, Jane M. F.; Barbour, Nancy] ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Wilhelm, Wally W.; Wienhold, Brian] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Karlen, Douglas L.; Laird, David] ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Archer, David W.] ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Lightle, David T.] NRCS, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Baker, John; Ochsner, Tyson E.] ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Novak, Jeff M.] ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Arriaga, Francisco] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Jane.johnson@ars.usda.gov; Doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov; David.archer@ars.usda.gov; Brian.wienhold@ars.usda.gov; Dave.lightle@lin.usda.gov; David.laird@ars.usda.gov; John.baker@ars.usda.gov; Tyson.ochsner@okstate.edu; Jeff.novak@ars.usda.gov; Ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov; Francisco.arriaga@ars.usda.gov; Nancy.barbour@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014; OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 FU North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University by US Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs [DE-FC36-05GO85041] FX The authors dedicate this publication to Dr. Wally Wilhelm. We thank B. Burmeister for proofreading, but we take full responsibility for any errors. We also thank the reviewers and Dr. Michael Casler for insightful and constructive suggestions for improvements. We acknowledge the efforts of technical and student helpers for sampling and processing plant tissue samples. This work contributes to the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, cross-location-Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP). Publication costs were covered by funding from the North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University through a grant provided by the US Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs under award number DE-FC36-05GO85041. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9093-3 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735QR UT WOS:000288432500006 ER PT J AU Johnson, MVV Kiniry, JR Sanchez, H Polley, HW Fay, PA AF Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. Kiniry, James R. Sanchez, Homer Polley, H. Wayne Fay, Philip A. TI Comparing Biomass Yields of Low-Input High-Diversity Communities with Managed Monocultures Across the Central United States SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Annual net primary production; Biomass; Biofuel; Low input high diversity; Switchgrass ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; CARBON-NEGATIVE BIOFUELS; LAND-USE; BIOENERGY PRODUCTION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND BIOMASS; ALMANAC MODEL; SOUTH-DAKOTA; SWITCHGRASS; US AB Biofuel cropping expansion is increasing pressure on food, grazing, and conservation lands. Debate over the efficacy of converting diverse native plant communities to managed monocultures prompted us to explore the extensive crop and ecological site productivity databases maintained by US Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service. We compared annual net primary productivity (ANPP) of diverse native plant communities to ANPP of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma; to coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) in northern and central Texas; and to buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare [L.] Link.) in extreme southern Texas. In only 21% of the 1,238 sites in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma did native communities produce more or equivalent ANPP compared with managed alfalfa or coastal bermudagrass. In contrast, southern Texas native communities had greater ANPP than did buffelgrass at 81% of the sites. Regression analyses based on these results suggested that managed switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) ANPP would consistently exceed native community ANPP. We identified the type of sites that could remain in diverse communities or be converted to diverse communities and have productivity as great as or greater than highly managed monocultures of alfalfa, coastal bermudagrass, or buffelgrass. However, because of the low ANPP on these sites, biomass production may not be the optimal use of such sites. These lands may be better suited to providing other ecosystem services. C1 [Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.; Kiniry, James R.; Polley, H. Wayne; Fay, Philip A.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Sanchez, Homer] NRCS, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, USDA, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Johnson, MVV (reprint author), ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mari-vaughn.johnson@ars.usda.gov; jim.kiniry@ars.usda.gov; homer.sanchez@ftw.usda.gov; wayne.polley@ars.usda.gov; philip.fay@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9094-2 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735QR UT WOS:000288432500007 ER PT J AU Ali, ML Sanchez, PL Yu, SB Lorieux, M Eizenga, GC AF Ali, M. Liakat Sanchez, Paul L. Yu, Si-bin Lorieux, Mathias Eizenga, Georgia C. TI Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines: A Powerful Tool for the Introgression of Valuable Genes from Oryza Wild Species into Cultivated Rice (O. sativa) SO RICE LA English DT Article DE Oryza species; Backcross inbred lines; Chromosome segment substitution lines; Introgression lines; Genome-wide genetic stocks; Oryza sativa ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; INTERSPECIFIC BACKCROSS POPULATION; YIELD-RELATED TRAITS; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; RUFIPOGON GRIFF.; PLANT HEIGHT; QTL ANALYSIS; LYCOPERSICON PENNELLII; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Wild species of rice (genus Oryza) contain many useful genes but a vast majority of these genes remain untapped to date because it is often difficult to transfer these genes into cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and backcross inbred lines (BILs) are powerful tools for identifying these naturally occurring, favorable alleles in unadapted germplasm. In this paper, we present an overview of the research involving CSSLs and BILs in the introgression of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the improved performance of rice including resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, and even high yield from wild relatives of rice and other unadapted germplasm into the genetic background of adapted rice cultivars. The CSSLs can be used to dissect quantitative traits into the component genetic factors and evaluate gene action as single factors (monogenic loci). CSSLs have the potential to uncover new alleles from the unadapted, non-productive wild rice accessions, develop genome-wide genetic stocks, and clone genes identified in QTL studies for functional genomics research. Recent development of high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays in rice and availability of custom-designed medium- and low-density SNP arrays will enhance the CSSL development process with smaller marker-defined segment introgressions from unadapted germplasm. C1 [Eizenga, Georgia C.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Ali, M. Liakat] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Sanchez, Paul L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Yu, Si-bin] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Lorieux, Mathias] Univ Perpignan, IRD, Plant Genome & Dev Lab, UMR 5096,CNRS, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Lorieux, Mathias] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Agrobiodivers & Biotechnol Project Rice Genet & G, Cali 6713, Colombia. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM mlali01@uark.edu; psanchez@ag.arizona.edu; ysb@mail.hzau.edu.cn; mathias.lorieux@ird.fr; georgia.eizenga@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [0606461, 0822284]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30620120431, 30971750] FX Funding from the National Science Foundation PRGP award 0606461 to G. C. Eizenga is gratefully acknowledged for supporting the postdoctoral fellowship of ML Ali and the CSSL development referenced by Tung et al. (2010). PL Sanchez was supported with funding from the National Science Foundation award 0822284. Grant support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30620120431, 30971750) is acknowledged for supporting the CSSLs reported by S-B Yu. The Generation Challenge Program is acknowledged for its support of the cultivated rice x wild Oryza species CSSL development reported by M Lorieux. The authors thank SR McCouch and TH Tai for their critical reviews of this manuscript. NR 142 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-8425 J9 RICE JI Rice PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 218 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s12284-010-9058-3 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 735QP UT WOS:000288432300002 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Fitzgerald, MA Grimm, CC Lea, J Ohtsubo, K Jongdee, S Xie, LH Bassinello, PZ Resurreccion, A Ahmad, R Habibi, F Reinke, R AF Champagne, Elaine T. Bett-Garber, Karen L. Fitzgerald, Melissa A. Grimm, Casey C. Lea, Jeanne Ohtsubo, Ken'ichi Jongdee, Supanee Xie, Lihong Bassinello, Priscila Zaczuk Resurreccion, Adoracion Ahmad, Rauf Habibi, Fatemah Reinke, Russell TI Important Sensory Properties Differentiating Premium Rice Varieties SO RICE LA English DT Article DE Rice flavor; Rice texture; Rice color; Rice quality; Descriptive sensory analysis; Amylose; Protein ID FINAL MOISTURE-CONTENT; COOKED RICE; ORYZA-SATIVA; QUALITY; STORAGE; 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE; CULTIVARS; TEXTURE; FLAVOR; AROMA AB In rice-consuming countries, specific varieties are recognized as premium, "gold standard" varieties, while others are recognized as being superior but second best, despite being identical using the current suite of tools to evaluate quality. The objectives of this study were to determine if there are distinguishable differences in sensory properties of premium and second best varieties and whether these differences are common to premium varieties. Color, an important sensory property, was determined on the raw and cooked rice using a colorimeter. As raw rice, some of the premium varieties were whiter than their second best counterparts while others were not. However, when cooked, with two exceptions, the premium varieties were of the same or greater whiteness than their counterparts. A trained sensory panel employed descriptive sensory analysis, an objective tool, to characterize and analytically measure the flavor (aromatics, taste, mouthfeel) and texture of premium and second best varieties collected from nine rice-consuming countries. Sweet taste, popcorn aroma/flavor, and water-like metallic mouthfeel showed significant differences in intensity between the premium-second best variety pairs. Slickness, roughness, and springiness were the major traits that distinguished the texture of varieties. Quality evaluation programs do not routinely measure these texture and flavor traits, but the fact that they distinguished the varieties in most pairs indicates that their measurement should be added to the suite of grain quality tests in the development of new higher-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties. The incorporation of premium quality will ensure that quality is no impediment to widespread adoption leading to enhanced productivity and food security. C1 [Champagne, Elaine T.; Bett-Garber, Karen L.; Grimm, Casey C.; Lea, Jeanne] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Fitzgerald, Melissa A.; Resurreccion, Adoracion] Int Rice Res Inst, Grain Qual Nutr & Postharvest Ctr, Manila, Philippines. [Ohtsubo, Ken'ichi] Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. [Jongdee, Supanee] Ubon Ratchathani Rice Res Ctr, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Xie, Lihong] China Natl Rice Res Inst, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Bassinello, Priscila Zaczuk] EMBRAPA Rice & Beans, Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. [Ahmad, Rauf] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Habibi, Fatemah] Rice Res Inst Iran, Rasht, Iran. [Reinke, Russell] EH Graham Ctr Agr Innovat, Ind & Investment NSW, Yanco, NSW, Australia. [Reinke, Russell] Yanco Agr Inst, Yanco, NSW, Australia. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM elaine.champagne@ars.usda.gov RI Bassinello, Priscila/H-1605-2012; OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-8425 J9 RICE JI Rice PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s12284-010-9057-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 735QP UT WOS:000288432300006 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, Don C. TI Percy George and The Pine Tree Menace SO ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID ARKANSAS; WAR C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS HISTORICAL ASSOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA UNIV ARKANSAS, OLD MAIN 416 DEPT OF HISTORY, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0004-1823 J9 ARKANSAS HIST QUART JI Ark. Hist. Q. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 69 IS 4 BP 346 EP 367 PG 22 WC History SC History GA 724YZ UT WOS:000287613700003 ER PT J AU Park, KC Kwon, SJ Kim, NS AF Park, Kyong-Cheul Kwon, Soon-Jae Kim, Nam-Soo TI Intron loss mediated structural dynamics and functional differentiation of the polygalacturonase gene family in land plants SO GENES & GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Polygalacturonase; Gene family; Intron loss/gain; Land plants ID GENOME REVEALS; EVOLUTION; GAIN; ARABIDOPSIS; PIECES; DIVERGENCE; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE; DUPLICATION; ANGIOSPERMS AB The polygalacturonase (PG) gene family is one of the largest gene families in plants. PGs are involved in various plant development steps. The evolutionary processes accounting for the functional divergence and the specialized functions of PGs in land plants are unclear. Whole sets of PG genes were retrieved from the genome web sites of model organisms in algae and land plants. The number of PG genes was expanded by lineage-specific manner with the biological complexity of the organism. Differentiation of PGs was related with phylogenetic hierarchy such as presence of rhamno-PGs from algae to plants, endo-and exo-PGs in land plants, exo-PGs in flowering plants. Gene structure analysis revealed that land plant PG genes resulted from differential intron gain and loss, with the latter event predominating. Differential intron losses partitioned the PGs into separate clades to be expressed differentially during plant development. Intron position and phase were not conserved between PGs of algae and land plants but conserved among PG genes of land plants from moss to vascular plants, indicating that the current introns in the PGs in land plants appeared after the split between unicellular algae and multicelluar land plants. The results demonstrate that the functional divergence and differentiation of PGs in land plants is attributable to intron losses. C1 [Park, Kyong-Cheul; Kim, Nam-Soo] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. [Kwon, Soon-Jae] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kim, NS (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. EM kimnamsu@kangwon.ac.kr FU Ministry of Education of Korea FX This study was funded by a fellowship grant to K. C. P from the second stage of the BK21 program from the Ministry of Education of Korea. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1976-9571 J9 GENES GENOM JI Genes Genom. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 570 EP 577 DI 10.1007/s13258-010-0076-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 726OD UT WOS:000287732100010 ER PT J AU Geiger, JH Pratt, PD Koptur, S AF Geiger, John H. Pratt, Paul D. Koptur, Suzanne TI Breeding System of Ruellia succulenta Small (Acanthaceae) SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID SEED SET; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POLLINATION INTENSITY; SELF-FERTILIZATION; PLANT; POPULATION; SELECTION; ECOLOGY AB This study examines the breeding system of Rue Ilia succulenta (Acanthaceae), an herbaceous perennial found in the pine rockland habitat of southern Florida. Hand pollination treatments were performed on 75 plants, 25 from each of three sites. Treatments applied to test plants included: 1) control (no manipulation), 2) anthers-removed, 3) self-pollinated, and 4) cross-pollinated. The pollination protocol investigated facultative autogamy, apomixis, and self-compatibility. Fruit set and seed number per fruit were recorded. In addition to determining breeding system, the data were used to evaluate inbreeding depression at the earliest life history stages (i.e., fruit and seed set), and to identify the mechanism of self-pollination. Results showed R. succulenta to be fully self-compatible and facultatively autogamous. Plants were unable to set fruit without pollen deposition, indicating the lack of apomixis. There is no evidence of inbreeding depression in fruit set or seed set for the self- vs. cross-pollinated treatments. The mechanism of autofertility appeared to be delayed self-pollination as the corolla abscised and the anthers were dragged past the persistent stigma. C1 [Geiger, John H.; Pratt, Paul D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Koptur, Suzanne] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Geiger, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM John.Geiger@ars.usda.gov FU Florida International University FX We thank Jennifer Richards, Brad Bennett, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by grants from the Tropical Biology Research Award at Florida International University to J. Geiger. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This manuscript is contribution number 180 to the Tropical Biology Program at Florida International University. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 EI 1938-4386 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.2179/09-030.1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725LG UT WOS:000287645600006 ER PT J AU Jones, C Fujioka, F Carvalho, LMV AF Jones, Charles Fujioka, Francis Carvalho, Leila M. V. TI Forecast Skill of Synoptic Conditions Associated with Santa Ana Winds in Southern California SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; 10 KM CARD10; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRES; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; DEPOSITION; PENINSULA; BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE AB Santa Ana winds (SAW) are synoptically driven mesoscale winds observed in Southern California usually during late fall and winter. Because of the complex topography of the region, SAW episodes can sometimes be extremely intense and pose significant environmental hazards, especially during wildfire incidents. A simple set of criteria was used to identify synoptic-scale conditions associated with SAW events in the NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis. SAW events start in late summer and early fall, peak in December January, and decrease by early spring. The typical duration of SAW conditions is 1-3 days, although extreme cases can last more than 5 days. SAW events exhibit large interannual variations and possible mechanisms responsible for trends and low-frequency variations need further study. A climate run of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) model showed good agreement and generally small differences with the observed climatological characteristics of SAW conditions. Nonprobabilistic and probabilistic forecasts of synoptic-scale conditions associated with SAW were derived from NCEP CFS reforecasts. The CFS model exhibits small systematic biases in sea level pressure and surface winds in the range of a 1-4-week lead time. Several skill measures indicate that nonprobabilistic forecasts of SAW conditions are typically skillful to about a 6-7-day lead time and large interannual variations are observed. NCEP CFS reforecasts were also applied to derive probabilistic forecasts of synoptic conditions during SAW events and indicate skills to about a 6-day lead time. C1 [Jones, Charles; Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fujioka, Francis] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Jones, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cjones@icess.ucsb.edu RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 FU NOAA OGP Climate Test Bed [NA08OAR4310698]; University of California, Santa Barbara [06-JV-11272165-057]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station in Riverside, California [06-JV-11272165-057] FX The North American Regional Reanalysis was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their Web site online at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov; their support is greatly appreciated. This work is part of Cooperative Agreement 06-JV-11272165-057 between the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station in Riverside, California. C. Jones and L. Carvalho also thank the support of NOAA OGP Climate Test Bed (Grant NA08OAR4310698). NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 12 BP 4528 EP 4541 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3406.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702QR UT WOS:000285909700016 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Wilzbach, MA AF Harvey, Bret C. Wilzbach, Margaret A. TI Carcass Addition Does Not Enhance Juvenile Salmonid Biomass, Growth, or Retention in Six Northwestern California Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; SPAWNING SOCKEYE-SALMON; COPPER RIVER DELTA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; FOOD WEBS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FORESTED STREAMS; RIPARIAN CANOPY AB Fisheries managers commonly consider the addition of salmon carcasses when seeking to enhance salmonid populations. However, the range of environmental conditions under which the technique is effective remains poorly defined. We addressed this issue by measuring the effects of wintertime addition of salmon carcasses on the biomass, growth, and retention of juvenile salmonids in an experiment that included two study reaches within each of six northwestern California streams. In the first 2 years of the study, half of the streams received carcasses in both study reaches; in the subsequent 2 years, we added carcasses only to the downstream reach in all six streams. For juvenile salmonid biomass, growth, and retention, the change in carcass distribution did not affect general patterns in the relationship of the upstream and downstream reaches within streams. Artificial addition of salmon carcasses during winter in streams similar to those we studied appears unlikely to benefit juvenile salmonids in the short-term; management alternatives focused on increasing escapement should probably take priority. C1 [Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1445 EP 1451 DI 10.1577/M10-022.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000011 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Mangan, R AF Goolsby, John A. Mangan, Robert TI Use of Spinosad Bait (BF-120) for Management of Chaetopsis massyla in Shadehouse-grown Arundo donax SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TETRAMESA-ROMANA; GIANT REED C1 [Goolsby, John A.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM john.goolsby@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 573 EP 574 DI 10.3958/059.035.0410 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 704DO UT WOS:000286031500010 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Horn, S Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Horn, Scott Hanula, James L. TI FIRST SOUTHEASTERN US RECORDS FOR LACCONOTUS PUNCTATUS LECONTE (COLEOPTERA MYCTERIDAE), AN EARLY-SEASONAL CANOPY SPECIALIST? SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.] Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Horn, Scott; Hanula, James L.] Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 364 EP 364 DI 10.1649/0010-065X-64.4.364 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 702LV UT WOS:000285897100011 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Krause, C AF Altland, James E. Krause, Charles TI Modification of Switchgrass Substrate pH Using Compost, Peatmoss, and Elemental Sulfur SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative substrate; potting mix; soilless medium; Panicum virgatum ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) biomass is being evaluated as a potential alternative to pine bark as the primary potting component in containerized nursery crops Substrates composed entirely of switchgrass have higher pH than what is considered desirable in container substrates The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of elemental S, sphagnum moss, and municipal solid waste compost (MSC) as amendments for reducing substrate pH and buffering it against large changes over time Three experiments were conducted, the first two experiments were conducted using annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus 'Pacifica Blush') to quickly assess how pH was affected by the three amendments, and the final experiment was conducted with blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum 'Duke') to assess the long term effects of substrate amendments Summarizing across the three experiments, elemental S was effective in reducing substrate pH, however, rates 1 lb/yard(3) or greater reduced pH below the recommended level of 5 5 and lower S rates did not maintain lowered pH over time Sphagnum moss and MSC together at 20% and 10% (v/v), respectively, were effective at reducing substrate pH and buffering against change Sphagnum moss and MSC provided the additional benefit of improving physical properties of the switchgrass substrates C1 [Altland, James E.; Krause, Charles] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. FU Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX This research was funded primarily by the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative NR 13 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 950 EP 956 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 701NM UT WOS:000285824600001 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Margosan, D Smilanick, JL Mackey, B AF Obenland, David Margosan, Dennis Smilanick, Joseph L. Mackey, Bruce TI Ultraviolet Fluorescence to Identify Navel Oranges with Poor Peel Quality and Decay SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus sinensis; black light; sorting AB Navel oranges (Citrus sinensis) were sorted into four groups under ultraviolet Illumination in commercial packinghouse black light rooms based upon the amount of fluorescence visible on each fruit to determine if fluorescence was predictive of peel quality The groups corresponded to fruit with 1) little or no fluorescence (group 0), 2) low fluorescence (group 1), 3) moderate fluorescence (group 2), and 4) large fluorescent areas (group 3) that were indicative of developing decay le ions Identification and elimination of group 3 fruit in black light rooms is a common practice now, but the other groups pass through these rooms Six tests were conducted over a 2 year period during different times in the mid to late navel orange season Fruit were visually evaluated for peel quality within 24 hours of their initial segregation into fluorescence groups and again following 3 weeks of storage at 15 degrees C Peel quality assessment was based upon commercial grading practices, and the fruit were placed into fancy, choice, Juice, or decay classes Fruit with low to no peel fluorescence (groups 0 and 1) had numerous fancy grade fruit and few Juice and decay grade fruit in comparison with the other two groups In contrast, fruit with moderate fluorescence (group 2) were of poor peel quality In the initial evaluation, this group had 28% fewer fancy fruit and 19% more Juice fruit than did group 0 During storage, group 2 fruit declined markedly in quality and numerous fruit of group 2 in the choice and mice classes decayed, the percentage of decayed fruit increased from 1% initially to 29% after 3 weeks of storage Navel oranges in group 3, with numerous and obvious fluorescent decay lesions, mainly consisted of either puce grade or decayed fruit, 70% of group 3 decayed after 3 weeks In addition to removing fluorescing fruit that have obvious indications of decay (group 3), it would be advantageous to remove or otherwise recognize that fruit with moderate levels of fluorescence (group 2) are also of lower quality and that they should not be selected for long storage or distant transport Their identification may be most practical with an automated system using machine vision and ultraviolet illumination C1 [Obenland, David; Margosan, Dennis; Smilanick, Joseph L.] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mackey, Bruce] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. FU Citrus Research Board FX This work was partially funded by a grant from the Citrus Research Board NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 991 EP 995 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 701NM UT WOS:000285824600007 ER PT J AU Huang, YB Fipps, G Maas, SJ Fletcher, RS AF Huang, Yanbo Fipps, Guy Maas, Stephan J. Fletcher, Reginald S. TI AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING FOR DETECTION OF IRRIGATION CANAL LEAKAGE SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article DE water leak detection; airborne remote sensing; multispectral imaging; irrigation distribution network; canal leakage; field reconnaissance; thermal imagery; normalized difference vegetation index AB Traditional field survey methods for detection of water leaks in irrigation canal systems are costly and time-consuming. In this study, a rapid, cost-effective method was developed for identifying irrigation canal locations likely to have leaks and/or seepage. The method involves the use of a multispectral imager equipped with red, near infrared, and thermal sensors which is mounted on an aircraft and flown at low altitude to collect the images. A three-step process, image acquisition, image processing, and field reconnaissance, was developed for processing the imagery and identification of locations likely to have leaks. The method was evaluated in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA. Images were collected of 24 selected canal segments within 11 irrigation districts in this region. Evaluation of the imagery indicated that 140 sites had possible canal leakage problems (point leak and/or seepage). A field site evaluation form was developed and used to document the type and severity of the leaks at 28 of the sites. Twenty-six sites were confirmed to have leaks, representing a success rate of 93%. The methods used in this study should have widespread application for detecting leaks and seepage in irrigation canals. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Huang, Yanbo] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Fipps, Guy] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Maas, Stephan J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Fletcher, Reginald S.] USDA, ARS, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Huang, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, APTRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Yanbo.Huang@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Mr Eric Leigh and Mr Askarali Karimov. They are Extension Associates of Texas Cooperative Extension. Mr Leigh worked on the plan of the overflight and provided a GIS map for the pilot and imager operator. Mr Karimov provided great help in field monitoring together with Mr Martin Barroso, GIS technician of Texas Cooperative Extension. He also greatly helped in field reconnaissance. The authors would also like to thank Mr Rene Davis of the USDA-ARS Remote Sensing Group in Weslaco, who operated the plane for the overflight. This work was partially funded with support from the Rio Grande Basin Initiative supported by USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and administered by the Texas Water Resources Institute. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-0353 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 59 IS 5 BP 524 EP 534 DI 10.1002/ird.511 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 694OO UT WOS:000285307700003 ER PT J AU De Klerk, GJ Preece, JE AF De Klerk, Geert-Jan Preece, John E. TI Special issue "New Methods of in vitro plant propagation" PREFACE SO PROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [De Klerk, Geert-Jan] Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Preece, John E.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP De Klerk, GJ (reprint author), Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEJANI PUBL PI SOFIA PA ET SEJANI-ALLA AJANOVA, SOFIA, 00000, BULGARIA SN 1311-9109 J9 PROPAG ORNAM PLANTS JI Propag. Ornam. Plants PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 714EE UT WOS:000286789500001 ER PT J AU Preece, JE AF Preece, John E. TI MICROPROPAGATION IN STATIONARY LIQUID MEDIA SO PROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS LA English DT Review DE agar; bioreactors; hyperhydricity; in vitro; microshoots; proliferation; temporary immersion systems ID PLANTS CULTURED INVITRO; IN-VITRO CULTURES; SHOOT-TIP CULTURE; MASS PROPAGATION; GELLING AGENT; AGAR; GROWTH; MULTIPLICATION; VITRIFICATION; TOMATO AB Successful micropropagation of many species is reduced as agar concentration in the medium increases. Eliminating agar or other gelling agent completely can improve microshoot proliferation and growth. If sufficiently large established shoot masses are placed in vitro into shallow layers of liquid media so that most of the shoots remain above the media they will have sufficient aeration to support growth and proliferation. For most species, it is not necessary to provide any additional support such as rafts, filter paper, sponges, glass wool, etc. if established shoot masses are sufficiently large when transferred to stationary liquid medium. Explants can be established initially using a gelled medium and once they have grown, they can be transferred into stationary liquid media to improve micropropagation efficiency. Not all species will grow normally on stationary liquid media and water soaking or hyperhydricity will result. Hyperhydricity can be overcome by use of temporary immersion bioreactors or by using agar solidified media. If agar is used, rather than transfer to new medium at approximately monthly intervals, liquid medium can be added as a thin layer to the top of the agar and good growth will result. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Preece, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM john.preece@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEJANI PUBL PI SOFIA PA ET SEJANI-ALLA AJANOVA, SOFIA, 00000, BULGARIA SN 1311-9109 J9 PROPAG ORNAM PLANTS JI Propag. Ornam. Plants PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 714EE UT WOS:000286789500004 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Clark, WH Franco-Vizcaino, E Villavicencio, JHV AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Clark, William H. Franco-Vizcaino, Ernesto Valdez Villavicencio, Jorge H. TI HERPETOFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH PALM OASES ACROSS THE CALIFORNIAN SONORAN TRANSITION IN NORTHERN BAJA CALIFORNIA MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Ecological boundaries have been of interest to naturalists since the time of Darwin and Wallace because they ale transitional zones on the landscape across which distinct changes occur in constitution of plant and animal communities In the xeric landscapes of the central Baja California Peninsula fin palm (Frythea armata and Washingtonia robusta) oases ale small (usually <1 ha) mesophilic islands of structurally complex habitats We report new records of mesophilic reptiles and imphibians from the adjacent Californian biome in palm groves of the Sonoran region these highly philopatric species provide evidence of cattier cooler and moister Pleistocene environments The fan palm oases of the central Baja California Peninsula ale natural laboratories for the study of evolutionary processes because they provide unique mesic habitats in a changing desert landscape C1 [Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] Agr Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Clark, William H.] Coll Idaho, Orma J Smith Museum Nat Hist, Caldwell, ID 83605 USA. [Clark, William H.] Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Museo Artropodos, Ensenada 22830, Baja California, Mexico. [Valdez Villavicencio, Jorge H.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Lab Vertebrados, Fac Ciencias, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), Agr Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1894/PAS-15.1 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703CQ UT WOS:000285952100017 ER PT J AU Zack, RS Strenge, D Landolt, PJ Looney, C AF Zack, Richard S. Strenge, Dennis Landolt, Peter J. Looney, Chris TI EUROPEAN EARWIG, FORFICULA AURICULARIA L. (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE), AT THE HANFORD REACH NATIONAL MONUMENT, WASHINGTON STATE SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Forficula auricularia L.; Dermaptera; European earwig; shrubsteppe; invasive species; Hanford Nuclear Site; Washington ID BEHAVIOR AB The European earwig, forficula auricularia L., was surveyed using pitfall traps at 3 sites at the Hanford Reach National Monument in south central Washington State. Pitfall traps were collected weekly from April 2002 through April 2003. The earwig was consistently taken during all months of the year at a disturbed, weedy site along the Columbia River (White Bluffs Ferry site) but was rare or not collected in 2 less-disturbed shrubsteppe habitats. Highest numbers occurred during April-May, when immatures accounted for the majority of the catch; Miniatures reached the adult stage during mid-July, and the species is univoltine at the site. Possible reasons why earwigs have not colonized the monument's shrubsteppe habitat include the arid climate with lack of available moisture, especially for breeding purposes, and a lack of burrow sites. C1 [Zack, Richard S.; Looney, Chris] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Landolt, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Zack, RS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM zack@wsu.edu FU Nature Conservancy FX We appreciate The Nature Conservancy for support of this and other studies throughout Washington. We are most thankful to the staff of the Hanford Reach National Monument (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for providing us extensive access to the monument and for being so supportive of our studies. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2010 VL 70 IS 4 BP 441 EP 445 DI 10.3398/064.070.0403 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 712FH UT WOS:000286649600003 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA Scott, CT AF Westfall, James A. Scott, Charles T. TI Taper Models for Commercial Tree Species in the Northeastern United States SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tree form; mixed-effects model; switching function; forest inventory ID STEM PROFILE MODEL; VOLUME EQUATIONS; HEIGHT; ONTARIO AB A new taper model was del, eloped based on the switching taper model of Valentine and Gregoire, the most substantial changes were reformulation to incorporate estimated join points and modification of a switching function Random-effects parameters were included that account for within-tree correlations and allow for customized calibration to each individual tree The new model was applied to 19 species groups from data collected on 2,448 trees across the northeastern United States A comparison of tit statistics showed considerable improvement for the new model The largest absolute residuals occurred near the tree base, whereas the residuals standardized in relation to tree diameter were generally constant along the length of the stem There was substantial variability in the rate of taper at the base of the tree, particularly for trees with relatively large dbh Similar trends were found in independent validation data The use of random effects allows uncertainty in computed tree volumes to compare favorably with another regional taper equation that uses upper-stem diameter information for local calibration However, comparisons with results for a locally developed model showed that the local model provided more precise estimates of volume FOR SCI 56(6) 515-528 C1 [Westfall, James A.] US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 6 BP 515 EP 528 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 699LY UT WOS:000285666100001 ER PT J AU Holmes, TP Murphy, EA Bell, KP Royle, DD AF Holmes, Thomas P. Murphy, Elizabeth A. Bell, Kathleen P. Royle, Denise D. TI Property Value Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Residential Forests SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hedonic analysis; invasive species; spatial econometrics ID UNITED-STATES; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; EXOTIC BARK; OPEN SPACE; LAND-USE; PRICES; INTERCEPTIONS; COLEOPTERA; AMENITIES; SALES AB This study estimates the economic losses attributable to a nonindigenous forest insect, the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsuga), using cross-sectional and difference-in-difference hedonic price models The data span a decade of residential property value transactions in West Milford, New Jersey Hemlock health in naturally regenerated hemlock stands was measured biannually over this period using remote sensing data and the image differencing technique These data were linked with spatially referenced land use and land cover data, measured twice during the decade, and the locations and housing characteristics associated with parcels sold Spatial dependence in the regression models was addressed using spatial error and fixed-effects panel data models The empirical results demonstrated that hemlock decline consistently caused statistically significant reductions in property values both for parcels containing hemlock resources as well as for neighboring nonhemlock parcels We conclude that failure to account for spatial spillover effects would downwardly bias estimates of economic losses and total economic losses on properties sold during the study period ranged from $0 64 million in the parcel level cross-section model to $2 2 million in the 0 5-km neighborhood difference-in-difference model FOR SCI 56(6) 529-540 C1 [Holmes, Thomas P.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Murphy, Elizabeth A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bell, Kathleen P.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Holmes, TP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 12254,3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry; US Forest Service FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by Richard Lathrop Grant F Walton Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis Cook College Rutgers University David Butry National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Applied Economics and Robert Haight US Forest Service Northern Research Station and the financial support provided by Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry US Forest Service Any remaining issues or errors are the responsibility of the authors NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 6 BP 529 EP 540 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 699LY UT WOS:000285666100002 ER PT J AU Vaughn, NR Turnblom, EC Ritchie, MW AF Vaughn, Nicholas R. Turnblom, Eric C. Ritchie, Martin W. TI Bootstrap Evaluation of a Young Douglas-Fir Height Growth Model for the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vegetation; density; non-linear model; sensitivity analysis ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; STAND DENSITY; UNCERTAINTY; JACKKNIFE; SIZE AB We evaluated the stability of a complex regression model developed to predict the annual height growth of young Douglas-fir This model is highly nonlinear and is fit in an iterative manner for annual growth coefficients from data with multiple periodic remeasurement intervals The traditional methods for such a sensitivity analysis either involve laborious math or rely on prior knowledge of parameter behavior To achieve our goals, we incorporate a bootstrap approach to obtain estimates of the distribution of predicted height growth for any set of input variables This allows for a sensitivity analysis with knowledge of the probability of a given outcome The bootstrap distributions should approximate the variation we might expect from running the model on numerous independent datasets From the variation in the model parameters, we are able to produce ranges of height growth prediction error falling under a given probability of occurrence By evaluating these ranges under several combinations of input variables that represent extreme situations we are able to visualize the stability of the model under each situation Each of the four components of the model can be investigated separately, which allows us to determine which components of the model might benefit from reformulation In this case we find that the model is less stable in extremely high site index, especially under low vegetation competition Other than the computing time involved with the bootstrap, most of the analysis is fairly quick and easy to perform FOR SCI 56(6) 592-602 C1 [Vaughn, Nicholas R.; Turnblom, Eric C.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ritchie, Martin W.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vaughn, NR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Vaughn, Nicholas/B-7678-2013 OI Vaughn, Nicholas/0000-0003-0428-2909 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 6 BP 592 EP 602 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 699LY UT WOS:000285666100008 ER PT J AU Trainer, D Pehrsson, PR Haytowitz, DB Holden, JM Phillips, KM Rasor, AS Conley, NA AF Trainer, D. Pehrsson, P. R. Haytowitz, D. B. Holden, J. M. Phillips, K. M. Rasor, A. S. Conley, N. A. TI Development of sample handling procedures for foods under USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NFNAP; Sample handling; FALCC; Food sample procurement; Food composition database; Sampling strategy; Data management and compilation; Quality assessment; Food analysis; Food composition AB The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) was implemented in 1997 to update and improve the quality of food composition data maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). NFNAP was designed to sample and analyze frequently consumed foods in the U.S. food supply using statistically rigorous sampling plans, established sample handling procedures, and qualified analytical laboratories. Methods for careful handling of food samples from acquisition to analysis were developed to ensure the integrity of the samples and subsequent generation of accurate nutrient values. The infrastructure of NFNAP, under which over 1500 foods have been sampled, mandates tested sample handling protocols for a wide variety of foods. The majority of these foods were categorized into several major areas: (1) frozen foods; (2) fresh produce and/or highly perishable foods requiring refrigeration; (3) fast foods and prepared foods; (4) shelf-stable foods; (5) specialized study and non-retail (point of production) foods; and (6) foods from remote areas (e.g. American Indian reservations). This paper describes the sample handling approaches, from the collection and receipt of the food items to the preparation of the analytical samples, with emphasis on the strategies developed for those foods. It provides a foundation for developing sample handling protocols of foods to be analyzed under NFNAP and for other researchers working on similar projects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Trainer, D.; Pehrsson, P. R.; Haytowitz, D. B.; Holden, J. M.] USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Phillips, K. M.; Rasor, A. S.; Conley, N. A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Trainer, D (reprint author), USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM denise.trainer@ars.usda.gov OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y04 HV0051, HV0051] NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 8 BP 843 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.020 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 707PG UT WOS:000286297900013 PM 21516233 ER PT J AU Vizzier-Thaxton, Y Christensen, KD Schilling, MW Buhr, RJ Thaxton, JP AF Vizzier-Thaxton, Y. Christensen, K. D. Schilling, M. W. Buhr, R. J. Thaxton, J. P. TI A new humane method of stunning broilers using low atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stunning; broiler; low atmospheric pressure; humane slaughter ID SOMATOSENSORY-EVOKED-POTENTIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LAYING HENS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; CHICKENS; POULTRY; HYPOXIA; WELFARE; SYSTEM AB The use of toxic gas mixtures to stun broiler chickens before exsanguination continues to be controversial. This controversy concerns which gas mixture to use, the required structural modifications to the processing plant, and whether the methods are actually more humane than electrical stunning. In response to these criticisms, a system was designed and constructed to produce a controlled atmosphere by using reduced oxygen tension. In all these systems, the birds are rendered unconscious from a lack of oxygen. Low atmospheric pressure is achieved by using controlled slow decompression, which allows the body of the bird to adjust to changes in pressure and thus lose consciousness with minimal discomfort. Advantages include the absence of toxic gases, minimal plant modifications, and the ability to view the birds throughout the process via digital video feed, which can be recorded. C1 [Vizzier-Thaxton, Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Christensen, K. D.] OK Foods, Ft Smith, AR 72904 USA. [Schilling, M. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Hlth Promot, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Buhr, R. J.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Vizzier-Thaxton, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM yvt1@msstate.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 19 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.3382/japr.2010-00184 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 677MJ UT WOS:000283996200004 ER PT J AU Yang, JH Bingol, G Pan, ZL Brandl, MT McHugh, TH Wang, H AF Yang, Jihong Bingol, Gokhan Pan, Zhongli Brandl, Maria T. McHugh, Tara H. Wang, Hua TI Infrared heating for dry-roasting and pasteurization of almonds SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Almond; Dry-roasting; Hot air; Infrared; Pasteurization; Salmonella ID QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; COLOR; KINETICS; HAZELNUTS; DEHYDRATION; VEGETABLES; MOISTURE AB The use of infrared (IR) heating for improving the microbial safety and processing efficiency of dry-roasted almonds was investigated. Almonds were roasted at 130, 140 and 150 degrees C with three different methods: IR roasting, sequential infrared and hot air (SIRHA) roasting, and traditional hot air (HA) roasting. The heating rate and pasteurization efficacy of almonds under different roasting methods and temperatures were evaluated. Pediococcus sp. NRRL B-2354 was used as a surrogate for Salmonella enterica Enteriditis PT 30 for evaluating the pasteurization efficacy of different processing methods and conditions. When SIRHA roasting at 130, 140 and 150 degrees C roasting temperatures was used to produce medium roasted almonds, 4.10-, 5.82- and 6.96-log, bacterial reductions were achieved with 38%, 39% and 62% time saving compared to HA roasting at each temperatures, respectively. The decimal reduction time of the bacteria at all roasting temperatures were calculated for SIRHA roasting as 8.68, 3.72 and 1.42 min, respectively, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.92 and the thermal resistance constant was found as 25.4 degrees C. The total color change followed zero-order reaction kinetics and the activation energies were 73.58, 52.15 and 67.60 kJ/mol for HA, IR and SIRHA roasting, respectively. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in sensory quality of medium roasted almonds processed with different roasting methods. We conclude that the SIRHA roasting is a promising new method for the production of dry-roasted pasteurized almonds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yang, Jihong; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yang, Jihong; Wang, Hua] NW A&F Univ, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Bingol, Gokhan; Pan, Zhongli; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Zhongli.Pan@ars.usda.gov FU Almond Board of California; USDA [5325-4100-060-00D, 5325-42000-044-00D] FX We thank the Almond Board of California for its partial financial support. We also appreciate the technical assistance from Mr. Donald Olson. This research was funded by the Almond Board of California and by USDA CRIS projects 5325-4100-060-00D and 5325-42000-044-00D. The experiments were conducted at the Western Regional Research Center of the USDA-ARS and in the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 101 IS 3 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.07.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 650YN UT WOS:000281890800006 ER PT J AU Parkhi, V Kumar, V Campbell, LM Bell, AA Rathore, KS AF Parkhi, Vilas Kumar, Vinod Campbell, LeAnne M. Bell, Alois A. Rathore, Keerti S. TI Expression of Arabidopsis NPR1 in Transgenic Cotton Confers Resistance to Non-defoliating Isolates of Verticillium dahliae but not the Defoliating Isolates SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; disease resistance; NPR1; transgenic cotton; Verticillium dahliae; Verticillium wilt ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; ALBO-ATRUM; GENE; THALIANA; MUTANT; OVEREXPRESSION AB Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., causes severe yield and quality losses in most cotton growing areas of the world. Only moderate resistance has been achieved by traditional breeding. Therefore, transgenic approaches offer a possible alternative to obtain resistance against this disease. Overexpression of a homologous or heterologous NPR1 gene has been effective in conferring broad-spectrum resistance to diverse pathogens in a variety of plants. We investigated the resistance of cotton plants, expressing the Arabidopsis NPR1 (AtNPR1) gene, to defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes of V. dahliae. The transgenic cotton plants showed significant resistance against two non-defoliating V. dahliae isolates. Both visual symptoms and pathogen colonization were reduced, indicating that disease progression was curtailed in the AtNPR1-transformants. In contrast, the same transgenic lines showed little, if any, resistance to two defoliating isolates. The NPR1-mediated activation of cotton's defences apparently is not sufficient to counter the disease mechanism(s) utilized by the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae. C1 [Parkhi, Vilas; Kumar, Vinod; Campbell, LeAnne M.; Rathore, Keerti S.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bell, Alois A.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Rathore, Keerti S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rathore, KS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rathore@tamu.edu FU Cotton Inc., Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board [000517-0005-2006]; Texas AgriLife Research FX This research was supported by funds from Cotton Inc., Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board - Advanced Research Program (#000517-0005-2006), and Texas AgriLife Research. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 158 IS 11-12 BP 822 EP 825 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01714.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 674HW UT WOS:000283729600017 ER PT J AU Mallory, EB Griffin, TS Porter, GA AF Mallory, Ellen B. Griffin, Timothy S. Porter, Gregory A. TI Seasonal nitrogen availability from current and past applications of manure SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Barley; Decay series; Manure; Nitrogen; Nitrogen availability; Residual nitrogen ID SOIL-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; FERTILIZER VALUE; SYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; CORN; LIVESTOCK; FATE AB Proper management of manure nitrogen (N) requires the ability to match the rate and extent of manure N availability with crop needs. This includes recognizing the potential importance of N contributions from residual manure N that accumulates with repeated applications. Nitrogen availability relative to barley needs was assessed in plots with 13-16 years continuous histories of contrasting manure-based (solid-bedded beef) and fertilizer-based soil treatments in the Maine Potato Ecosystem Project. Soil and barley samples were collected every 7-14 days during 2003-2005, and once in 2006. Barley dry matter and N content were equivalent between the two systems. In the manure-based system, temporal patterns of N availability were more synchronous with early season crop needs than in the fertilizer-based system, but continued mineralization after harvest was also observed. In 2004-2006, samples were collected from subplots where manure/fertilizer was withheld to estimate the proportion of available N originating from current versus previous manure applications. Apparent N recovery of current years' applications of manure organic N was 8-11% and less than predicted by a standard decay series model for beef manure (25%), highlighting the need to adjust manure N credits for crops with shorter growing seasons and lower N uptake capacities than corn. The relative contribution of residual manure N to total manure N uptake was greater than predicted from the decay series model, providing support for a residual N effect from repeated manure applications that is not accounted for in standard manure recommendations. C1 [Mallory, Ellen B.; Porter, Gregory A.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Griffin, Timothy S.] USDA ARS New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mallory, EB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ellen.mallory@maine.edu FU USDA-CSREES-IFAFS [2001-52101-11308]; Maine Potato Board FX The authors thank A. Randall Alford, Francis A. Drummond, M. S. Erich, Eric R. Gallandt, Eleanor Groden, David A. Lambert, Matt Liebman, Michele C. Marra, Jeffrey C. McBurnie, Bacilio Salas and many others for creating and overseeing the Maine Potato Ecosystem Project, Melissa Albert for her technical assistance with this research, and Sue Erich, Michel Cavigelli, and Bryan Dail for reviewing the manuscript. This research was supported in part by USDA-CSREES-IFAFS no. 2001-52101-11308 and the Maine Potato Board. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10705-010-9361-9 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 672HO UT WOS:000283573900004 ER PT J AU Behlau, F Amorim, L Belasque, J Bergamin, A Leite, RP Graham, JH Gottwald, TR AF Behlau, F. Amorim, L. Belasque, J., Jr. Bergamin Filho, A. Leite, R. P., Jr. Graham, J. H. Gottwald, T. R. TI Annual and polyetic progression of citrus canker on trees protected with copper sprays SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus sinensis; disease control; epidemiology; logistic model; sweet orange; Xanthomonas citri subsp; citri ID AXONOPODIS PV. CITRI; PLANT-DISEASE; XANTHOMONAS; SPREAD; WINDBREAKS; BRAZIL; SEVERITY; ORANGE AB The effects of copper sprays on annual and polyetic progress of citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, in the presence of the Asian citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella), were evaluated in a study conducted in a commercial orchard in northwest Parana state, Brazil, where citrus canker is endemic. Nonlinear monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to monthly disease incidence data (proportion of leaves with symptoms) for each treatment for three seasons. The logistic model provided the best estimate of disease progress for all years and treatments evaluated and logistic parameter estimates were used to describe polyetic disease dynamics. Although citrus canker incidence increased during each of the seasons studied, it decreased over the whole study period, more so in copper-treated trees than in water-sprayed controls. Copper treatment reduced disease incidence compared with controls in every year, especially 2004-2005, when incidence was ca. 10-fold higher in controls than in treated plots (estimated asymptote values 0 center dot 82 and 0 center dot 07, respectively). Copper treatment also reduced estimated initial disease incidence and epidemic growth rates every year. C1 [Behlau, F.; Amorim, L.; Bergamin Filho, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, Brazil. [Belasque, J., Jr.] Fundecitrus, BR-14901870 Araraquara, Brazil. [Leite, R. P., Jr.] IAPAR, Area Protecao Plantas, BR-86047902 Londrina, Brazil. [Graham, J. H.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] US Hort Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Behlau, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM belasque@fundecitrus.com.br RI Bergamin Filho, Armando/C-2775-2012; Amorim, Lilian /C-2782-2012; Graham, James/B-7049-2008; Belasque, Jose/B-7753-2015; Behlau, Franklin/K-7012-2012 OI Amorim, Lilian /0000-0001-9793-0850; Belasque, Jose/0000-0001-6059-2173; Behlau, Franklin/0000-0001-5964-9494 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1036 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02344.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 674HX UT WOS:000283729800005 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL Zhao, Y Lee, IM Jomantiene, R Detweiler, AJ Putnam, ML AF Davis, R. E. Dally, E. L. Zhao, Y. Lee, I. -M. Jomantiene, R. Detweiler, A. J. Putnam, M. L. TI First report of a new subgroup 16SrIX-E ('Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium'-related) phytoplasma associated with juniper witches' broom disease in Oregon, USA SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Davis, R. E.; Dally, E. L.; Zhao, Y.; Lee, I. -M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jomantiene, R.] Inst Bot, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Detweiler, A. J.] Oregon State Univ Deschutes Cty Extens, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. [Putnam, M. L.] Oregon State Univ Plant Clin, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1161 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02294.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 674HX UT WOS:000283729800024 ER PT J AU Francis, CA Halvorson, JA AF Francis, Charles A. Halvorson, Jonathan A. TI Building on resources in the information age SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Francis, Charles A.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Halvorson, Jonathan A.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Francis, CA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cfrancis2@unl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 255 EP 256 DI 10.1017/S1742170510000311 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 675CG UT WOS:000283802100001 ER PT J AU Hughes, TL Szalacha, LA Johnson, TP Kinnison, KE Wilsnack, SC Cho, Y AF Hughes, Tonda L. Szalacha, Laura A. Johnson, Timothy P. Kinnison, Kelly E. Wilsnack, Sharon C. Cho, Young TI Sexual victimization and hazardous drinking among heterosexual and sexual minority women SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE Adult sexual assault; Childhood sexual abuse; Hazardous drinking; Revictimization; Sexual orientation ID ALCOHOL-ABUSE; MENTAL-HEALTH; NATIONAL SURVEY; CHILDHOOD; LESBIANS; ADULT; REVICTIMIZATION; COMMUNITY; YOUNG; ORIENTATION AB Aims: Although research shows that sexual minority women report high rates of lifetime sexual victimization and high rates of hazardous drinking, investigators have yet to explore the relationships between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in this population. In addition, because the rates of these problems may vary within the sexual minority population, we examined and compared relationships between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in exclusively heterosexual and sexual minority (mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly lesbian and exclusively lesbian) women. Method: Data from 548 participants in the National Study of Health and Life Experiences of Women and 405 participants in the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study were pooled to address these relationships. We compared hazardous drinking, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), adult sexual assault (ASA), and revictimization (both CSA and ASA) across the five sexual identity subgroups. We then fit a multilevel general linear model to examine group differences in the relationships between hazardous drinking and sexual victimization and to test for potential interactions between victimization and identity on hazardous drinking. Results: Sexual minority women reported higher levels of hazardous drinking and higher rates of CSA and sexual revictimization than did exclusively heterosexual women. Revictimization was the strongest predictor of hazardous drinking among women who identified as mostly heterosexual and mostly lesbian. Conclusions: This study extends previous research by examining associations between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in heterosexual and sexual minority women and by exploring within-group variations in these associations among sexual minority women. Higher rates of lifetime sexual victimization and revictimization may help to explain sexual minority women's heightened risk for hazardous drinking. The findings highlight the need for additional research that examines the meanings of sexual identity labels to more fully understand differences in risk within groups of sexual minority women as well as how sexual identity may affect responses to and interpretations of sexual victimization. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hughes, Tonda L.] Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing MC 802, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Szalacha, Laura A.] Arizona State Univ, Coll Nursing & Hlth Innovat, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Johnson, Timothy P.; Cho, Young] Univ Illinois, Survey Res Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Kinnison, Kelly E.] USDA Food & Nutr Serv, Off Res & Anal, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Wilsnack, Sharon C.] Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hughes, TL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing MC 802, 845 S Damen Ave,Room 956, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Thughes@uic.edu; lszalacha@gmail.com; tjohnson@srl.uic.edu; Kelly.Kinnison@fns.usda.gov; swilsnac@medicine.nodak.edu; youngcho@uic.edu FU National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [R01 AA004610, K01 AA00266, R01 AA13328] FX This research was supported by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism grants R01 AA004610 to Sharon C. Wilsnack and K01 AA00266 and R01 AA13328 to Tonda L. Hughes. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, or the United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1152 EP 1156 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.07.004 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 670ER UT WOS:000283404500017 PM 20692771 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ AF Augustine, David J. TI Response of native ungulates to drought in semi-arid Kenyan rangeland SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; dik-dik; DISTANCE; eland; elephant; impala; migration; nomadism; zebra ID IMPALA AEPYCEROS-MELAMPUS; LARGE AFRICAN HERBIVORES; NORTHERN KENYA; HOME RANGE; DIK-DIK; SAVANNA; ELEPHANTS; LIVESTOCK; DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB The distribution and abundance of native ungulates were measured on commercially managed, semi-arid rangeland in central Kenya over a 3-year period that encompassed severe drought and above-average rainfall. Native ungulate biomass density averaged 5282 kg km-2 over the study and was dominated by elephant (Loxodonta africana), impala (Aepyceros melampus) and dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii). Biomass density of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) averaged 2280 kg km-2 during the study. Responses of native ungulates to severe drought were variable. Impala densities were similar to or greater than densities for similar habitat in protected areas, and varied from 12 to 16 km-2 during and following the drought to 24-29 km-2 following above-average rainfall. Dik-dik densities were also greater than densities reported for protected areas and were surprisingly stable throughout the study despite the wide annual fluctuations in rainfall. Elephant migrated out of the region during drought but were present at high densities (2.9-5.2 km-2) during wet seasons, consistent with telemetry studies emphasizing the importance of Acacia bushland habitat on commercial rangelands for the migratory portion of the Laikipia-Samburu elephant population. Results show that substantial densities of native browsing and mixed-feeding ungulates can occur on rangeland managed for commercial beef production and suggest that the capacity for ungulates to move over large spatial scales (> 100 km2) and to shift distributions in response to locally variable thunderstorms may be important for sustaining these populations.Resume Pendant trois ans, on a mesure la distribution et l'abondance d'ongules indigenes dans une propriete semi-aride, geree de facon commerciale, situee au centre du Kenya. Cette periode a inclus de graves secheresses et aussi des chutes de pluies au-dessus de la moyenne. La biomasse des ongules natifs fut en moyenne de 5282 kg km-2 pendant cette periode; elle etait dominee par les elephants Loxodonta africana, les impalas Aepyceros melampus et les dik-diks Madoqua kirkii. La biomasse du betail domestique Bos taurusetait en moyenne de 2280 kg m-2 pendant cette etude. Les reponses des ongules indigenes face a la secheresse prononcee furent variables. La densite des impalas fut la meme, voire superieure a celle des habitats similaires dans des aires protegees et elle a varie de 12-16 per km superset of pendant et juste apres la secheresse a 24-29 km-superset of suite a des pluies exceptionnellement abondantes. La densite des dik-diks fut aussi superieure a celle qui fut rapportee pour les aires protegees, et elle est restee etonnamment stable durant toute la duree de l'etude malgre les amples fluctuations des pluies annuelles. Les elephants ont migre hors de la region pendant la secheresse mais ils etaient la en forte densite (2.9-5.3 per km superset of) pendant les saisons des pluies, ce qui conforte les etudes telemetriques qui insistent sur l'importance de la brousse a acacias dans les exploitations commerciales pour la partie de la population d'elephants de Laikipia-Samburu qui fait des migrations. Les resultats montrent que l'on peut observer des densites importantes d'ongules indigenes herbivores et mixtes sur des proprietes gerees en vue de la production commerciale de boeuf, et ils suggerent que le fait que des ongules puissent migrer sur de longues distances (> 100 km) et que leur distribution puisse ainsi evoluer en reponse a des tempetes locales de force variable pourrait etre tres important pour le maintien de ces populations. C1 [Augustine, David J.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Augustine, David J.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 FU National Geographic Society; Syracuse University; NSF [DEB-9813050] FX I thank F. Lomojo, J. Ekiru, and D.M. Augustine for assistance with all aspects of field work and the Office of the President of the Republic of Kenya for permission to conduct research in Kenya. S.J. McNaughton, B. Underwood, M. Sankaran, J. Goheen and N.J. Georgiadis provided helpful comments on earlier drafts on this paper. I thank Prof. Bryan Shorrocks and four anonymous reviewers for comments that substantially improved the paper. Financial support was provided by the National Geographic Society, Syracuse University, an NSF predoctoral fellowship to DJA, and NSF grant DEB-9813050 to S.J. McNaughton. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1020 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2010.01207.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678YC UT WOS:000284118400020 ER PT J AU Effland, A AF Effland, Anne TI Small Farms, Cash Crops, Agrarian Ideals, and International Development SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURE; AMERICA AB This address is an exploration of a lifetime of disparate and often conflicting observations about how different people view what is right and good for agriculture, food, and farmers around the world. The exploration utilizes the concept of wicked problems to focus on the issue of differing historical interpretations of global agricultural development. Sandra Batie defines wicked problems as "dynamically complex, ill-structured, public problems" for which "there can be radically different views and understanding of the problem by different stakeholders, with no unique 'correct' view." The wicked problem construct is applied to four core ideas in the history of agricultural development-small farms, cash crops, agrarian ideals, and international development-to demonstrate the potential for using this concept to approach complex problems of historical interpretation and contribute to solutions to the challenges of global agricultural development. The author suggests historians should acknowledge contradictory alterpretations and work toward reconciliation and synthesis, where it is possible and, where not, toward a clear explication of the basis for remaining differences. The author also encourages historians to seek multidisciplinary research opportunities that will help bring insights about historical context to policy deliberations. C1 Serv Econ Res, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Effland, A (reprint author), Serv Econ Res, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 84 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.3098/ah.2010.84.1.1 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 543YX UT WOS:000273618900001 PM 20235391 ER PT J AU Degrandi-Hoffman, G Chen, YP AF Degrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Chen, Yanping TI Why Supplemental Protein Feeding Can Help Reduce Colony Losses SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Degrandi-Hoffman, Gloria] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Chen, Yanping] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Degrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 150 IS 12 BP 1157 EP 1160 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 695WK UT WOS:000285403100017 ER PT J AU Bowling, AJ Vaughn, KC Hoagland, RE Stetina, K Boyette, CD AF Bowling, Andrew J. Vaughn, Kevin C. Hoagland, Robert E. Stetina, Kenneth Boyette, C. Douglas TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE NECROTROPHIC PHASE OF THE FUNGUS COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES IN THE BIOCONTROL OF HEMP SESBANIA (SESBANIA EXALTATA; PAPILIONACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; bioherbicide; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; immunocytochemistry; fungal infection; Papilionaceae; Sesbania exaltata ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; PECTATE LYASE; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; INVERT EMULSION; AVOCADO FRUITS; INFECTION; DEGRADATION AB Premise of the study: Fungal plant pathogens exert much of their effect on plant cells through alterations in the host cell walls. However, obtaining biochemical proof for this change is difficult because of the relatively small number of cells that are affected by the pathogen relative to the bulk of host tissue. In this study, we examined the differences in host wall composition between infected and uninfected areas of seedlings of the weed hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) that were treated with the biocontrol agent Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Methods: To determine the changes in cell wall composition, we used semi-thin sections and a battery of antibody probes that recognize components of the cell wall and immunogold-silver cytochemistry to visualize the probes. Key results: A loss of specific plant cell wall polysaccharides in the region surrounding the primary fungal infection and the creation of a defensive layer by the plant to limit the fungal invasion were the two most obvious changes noted in this study. At the invasion site, there was significant loss of rhamnogalacturon-1 (RGI) and esterified and de-esterified homogalacturonan (HG)-reactive epitopes from the cell walls. In contrast, boundary tissue between the vascular tissue and the fungal lesion reacted more strongly with antibodies that recognize arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and xyloglucans than in unaffected areas. Conclusions: These data strongly indicate a role of pectinases in the invasion of the biocontrol agent and the importance of extensins, AGPs, and xyloglucans as defense by the host. C1 [Bowling, Andrew J.; Vaughn, Kevin C.; Hoagland, Robert E.; Stetina, Kenneth; Boyette, C. Douglas] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bowling, AJ (reprint author), Dow AgroSci, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. EM AJBowling@dow.com FU ARS FX A.J.B. was supported in part by the ARS Research Associate program to K.C.V. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute an endorsement by USDA for this product. Thanks are extended to Alan Lax and Rick Turley for comments on an earlier draft. Katia Ruel generously supplied lignin antibodies used in this study. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1915 EP 1925 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000099 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 687EL UT WOS:000284760800011 PM 21616840 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Gavrilenko, T Jansky, SH Ovchinnikova, A Krylova, E Knapp, S Simon, R AF Spooner, David M. Gavrilenko, Tatjana Jansky, Shelley H. Ovchinnikova, A. Krylova, E. Knapp, Sandra Simon, Reinhard TI ECOGEOGRAPHY OF PLOIDY VARIATION IN CULTIVATED POTATO (SOLANUM SECT. PETOTA) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE climate; geographic distribution; GIS; ploidy; potato; sect. Petota; Solanaceae; Solanum ID TUBER-BEARING SOLANUMS; ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; S X JUZEPCZUKII; EUROPEAN POTATO; WILD POTATOES; GENE POOL; TRIPLOID HYBRIDS; DIPLOID POTATOES; CHLOROPLAST DNA; GERM PLASM AB Premise of the study: The taxonomy of cultivated potatoes has been highly controversial, with estimates of species numbers ranging from 3 to 17. Ploidy level has been one of the most important taxonomic characters to recognize cultivated potato species, containing diploid (2n = 2x = 24), triploid (2n = 3x = 36), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48), and pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60) cultivars. We tested the environmental associations of different ploidy levels in cultivated potato species that traditionally have been recognized as Linnaean taxa to see whether, in combination with prior morphological, molecular, and crossing data, some of the ploidy variants can be recognized as distinct taxa. Methods: We summarize 2780 chromosome counts of landrace cultivated potatoes, provide georeferences to 2048 of them, and analyze these data for 20 environmental variables at 10-min resolution using the randomForest algorithm to explore associations with taxa and ploidy variants. Key results: Except for the S. tuberosum Chilotanum Group and extreme northern and southern range extensions of the Andigenum Group, it is impossible to find distinct habitats for the ploidy variants of the S. tuberosum Andigenum Group. Conclusions: Our distributional and ecological data, in combination with prior results from morphology, microsatellites, and crossing data, provide yet additional data to support a major reclassification of cultivated potato species. A rational, stable, and universally accepted taxonomy of this major crop plant will greatly aid all users of wild and cultivated potatoes from breeders to gene bank managers to ecologists and evolutionary biologists. C1 [Spooner, David M.; Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gavrilenko, Tatjana; Ovchinnikova, A.; Krylova, E.] NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Simon, Reinhard] Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. [Knapp, Sandra] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov RI Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011; OI Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945; Simon, Reinhard/0000-0002-4608-9077 FU USDA National Research Initiative [2008-35300-18669]; NSF; International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) [3329] FX This research was supported by USDA National Research Initiative Grant 2008-35300-18669 to D.S., by NSF Planetary Biodiversity Inventory program grant DEB 0316614 to D.S. and S.K., and by the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), grant no. 3329 to T.G., A.O., E.K., and D.S. NR 147 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 97 IS 12 BP 2049 EP 2060 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000277 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 687EL UT WOS:000284760800022 PM 21616851 ER PT J AU Bauchart-Thevret, C Cui, LW Wu, GY Burrin, DG AF Bauchart-Thevret, Caroline Cui, Liwei Wu, Guoyao Burrin, Douglas G. TI Arginine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and survival in IPEC-J2 cells is mediated by mTOR but not nitric oxide SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE cell growth; p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase; eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1; rapamycin; S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine ID P70 S6 KINASE; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DE-NOVO SYNTHESIS; NEONATAL PIGS; ENDOGENOUS SYNTHESIS; MAMMALIAN TARGET; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GROWTH; MECHANISM; ENTEROCYTES AB Arginine is an indispensable amino acid in neonates and is required for growth. Neonatal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are capable of arginine transport, catabolism, and synthesis and express nitric oxide (NO) synthase to produce NO from arginine. Our aim was to determine whether arginine directly stimulates IEC growth and protein synthesis and whether this effect is mediated via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and is NO-dependent. We studied neonatal porcine IEC (IPEC-J2) cultured in serum- and arginine-free medium with increasing arginine concentrations for 4 or 48 h. Our results show that arginine enhances IPEC-J2 cell survival and protein synthesis, with a maximal response at a physiological concentration (0.1-0.5 mM). Addition of arginine increased the activation of mTOR, p70 ribosomal protein S6 (p70 S6) kinase, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The arginine-induced protein synthesis response was not inhibited by the NO inhibitors nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine, despite inducible NO synthase expression in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, protein synthesis was not increased or decreased in some cases by addition of an NO donor (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine), arginine precursors (proline and citrulline) in the absence of arginine, or insulin; S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR, p70 S6 kinase, and 4E-BP1. We found a markedly higher arginase activity in IPEC-J2 cells than in primary pig IEC. Furthermore, mTOR inhibition by rapamycin partially (42%) reduced the arginine-induced protein synthesis response and phosphorylation of mTOR and 4E-BP1. We conclude that arginine-dependent cell survival and protein synthesis signaling in IPEC-J2 cells are mediated by mTOR, but not by NO. C1 [Bauchart-Thevret, Caroline; Cui, Liwei; Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.edu FU Ajinomoto Amino Acid Research Program; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001] FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital. This work was supported by a grant from the Ajinomoto Amino Acid Research Program and by federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6-001. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 299 IS 6 BP E899 EP E909 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00068.2010 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 700CN UT WOS:000285710400005 PM 20841502 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH Miller, JC AF Jansky, Shelley H. Miller, J. Creighton, Jr. TI Evaluation of Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Russet Norkotah and Six Strain Selections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Russet Norkotah; Strain selection; Potato early dying; Verticillium wilt ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CLONAL SELECTIONS; POTATO AB Strain selections of Russet Norkotah have been selected for enhanced vigor and high yield. In addition, they exhibit less severe expression of disease symptoms in the presence of Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes Verticillium wilt. However, this apparent resistance may be due to later maturity in the strain selections. This study was designed to compare the levels of Verticillium wilt resistance in Russet Norkotah with that of six popular strain selections. In two years, trials were carried out on a V. dahliae-infested field and an adjacent fumigated field. Comparisons were made between Russet Norkotah and its strains for maturity, symptom expression, stem colonization, and tuber yield. Compared to Russet Norkotah, the strains were later in maturity, exhibited fewer Verticillium wilt symptoms, and were higher yielding in the absence of V. dahliae. However, they were similar to Russet Norkotah in stem colonization and yield in the presence of the pathogen. Apparent resistance in the strain selections appears to be due to immature plant physiology rather than their ability to limit fungal growth and reproduction in stem tissues. C1 [Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Miller, J. Creighton, Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shelley.jansky@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9151-6 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 684HU UT WOS:000284541800002 ER PT J AU Nitzan, N Haynes, KG Miller, JS Johnson, DA Cummings, TF Batchelor, DL Olsen, C Brown, CR AF Nitzan, Nadav Haynes, Kathleen G. Miller, Jeff S. Johnson, Dennis A. Cummings, Tom F. Batchelor, Dallas L. Olsen, Chris Brown, Charles R. TI Genetic Stability in Potato Germplasm for Resistance to Root Galling Caused by the Pathogen Spongospora subterranea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Powdery scab; Solanum tuberosum L.; Resistance; Broad-sense heritability ID F-SP SUBTERRANEA; POWDERY SCAB; SEVERITY; DISEASE AB Spongospora subteranea, the causal agent of potato powdery scab is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Little is known about the genetic basis of resistance to this disease. The present study tested the hypothesis that potato genotypes with stable genetic resistance to "Spongospora root galling" were present in potato germplasm. Root galling index values of 24 genotypes screened for resistance in four field trials (environments) in 2004 and 2005 in Washington State and Idaho were analyzed. Genotypes tested included five resistant, four industry standards and advanced selections from the USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA program. Broad-sense heritability was calculated as 0.76 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.55-0.89, indicating a fairly high genetic component of the trait. Of the 24 genotypes that were tested, eight showed no genotype*environment interactions while six of the remainder had significant variance (i.e., they were unstable) after removal of genotype*environment variance. Among the five resistant genotypes, PA95B2-4 was stable, and PA98N5-2, PA98NM38-1, PO94A009-7 and POR00HG5-1 were stable after the removal of environmental heterogeneity. Among the four industry standards, Shepody was unstable, whereas Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Umatilla Russet were stable after the removal of genotype*environment variance. Stable resistance to "Spongospora root galling" was identified. A large portion of the variation was genetic, which will enable breeders to use resistant and stable potato genotypes as parents in future breeding to develop superior commercial potato cultivars with resistance to "Spongospora root galling". C1 [Nitzan, Nadav; Brown, Charles R.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Haynes, Kathleen G.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Miller, Jeff S.] Miller Res LLC, Rupert, ID 83350 USA. [Johnson, Dennis A.; Cummings, Tom F.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Batchelor, Dallas L.] Lamb Weston, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. [Olsen, Chris] LJ Olsen Inc, Othello, WA 99344 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission; USDA/ARS, Prosser, WA FX This research was supported by the Washington State Potato Commission and USDA/ARS, Prosser, WA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9152-5 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 684HU UT WOS:000284541800003 ER PT J AU Nitzan, N Quick, RA Hutson, WD Bamberg, J Brown, CR AF Nitzan, Nadav Quick, Richard A. Hutson, Will D. Bamberg, John Brown, Chuck R. TI Partial Resistance to Potato Black Dot, Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes in Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato germplasm; Solanum tuberosum group; Andigena; Black dot; Colletotrichum coccodes; Partial resistance ID SOILBORNE INOCULUM; STEM COLONIZATION; WALLR HUGHES; INFECTION; DISEASE; YIELD; CULTIVARS; PLANTS; AGENT AB Black dot is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S.J. Hughes. The disease is prevalent in potato fields and can be of economic concern by itself, or as a part of the potato early dying syndrome. Little is known about resistance to this disease. In the present study resistance to potato black dot was tested in Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena. Forty accessions were chosen randomly from the core collection and screened. The accessions originated from Peru, Mexico, Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Argentina and Costa Rica. Five accessions had less (P a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05) disease on roots and stems than a set of commercial standards. These accessions were: PIs 189473, 230475, 161683, 243367 and 230470. They were retested to validate their partial resistance. Fifteen plants, each a unique genotype, were selected from each accession and were propagated into multiple clones that were inoculated with the pathogen. Three genotypes were identified with less (P < 0.05) disease on roots and stems than the industry standard. These genotypes originated from the accessions PI-243367 and PI-230475. Clones of the resistant genotypes were added to the potato germplasm collection located at the Potato Improvement Laboratory of the USDA-ARS near Prosser, WA, to be used in the development of black dot resistant commercial varieties. C1 [Nitzan, Nadav; Quick, Richard A.; Hutson, Will D.; Brown, Chuck R.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops & Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Bamberg, John] USDA ARS, Sturgeon Bay, WI USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops & Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9155-2 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 684HU UT WOS:000284541800004 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Hagerty, AM Emmert, SY AF Pantoja, Alberto Hagerty, Aaron M. Emmert, Susan Y. TI A Seasonal Survey of Click Beetles in Two Potato Production Areas of Interior Alaska SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Click beetles; Elateridae; Potato; Alaska; Biodiversity; Traps; Fairbanks; Delta Junction ID PACIFIC COAST WIREWORM; ELATERIDAE AB Wireworms are becoming more of a problem in potato [Solanum tuberosum (L.)] producing areas, especially where potatoes are seasonally rotated with grasses, like in interior Alaska. The objective of this research was to study the species composition and seasonal biology of adult elaterids (Coleoptera: Elateridae) associated with potato production at two localities in interior Alaska: Fairbanks (N64.85A degrees, W147.85A degrees) and Delta Junction (N64.04A degrees, W145.73A degrees). A total of 1,329 elaterids were collected during the years 2006 and 2008. Ninety-three percent of the total number of specimens were either Hypnoidus bicolor (Eschscholtz) (29%) or Limonius pectoralis (LeConte) (64%). However, adult insect counts reversed between localities; 84% individuals from Delta Junction were H. bicolor, whereas 91% of the individuals from Fairbanks were L. pectoralis. The species composition was also different between localities. Five species were collected from the Delta Junction area, while seven species were collected from the Fairbanks area. The highest insect count observed was 62 adult L. pectoralis per 14-day sampling period on May 30 in the Fairbanks area. In spite of the highest insect trap catch recorded, insect counts in Fairbanks remained below 0.2 insects per trap per 14-day sampling period during most of the season. In the Delta Junction area, L. pectoralis was collected from late May until mid August with a population peak of 12 insects per trap per 14-day sampling period. Adult elaterid counts start to build up and end activities earlier in Fairbanks as compared to Delta Junction. This represents the first long term report on species diversity of elaterids in potatoes from interior Alaska. In addition, this is the first time elaterids have been shown associated with potatoes in Delta Junction, Alaska. C1 [Pantoja, Alberto; Hagerty, Aaron M.; Emmert, Susan Y.] ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM alberto.pantoja@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9163-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 684HU UT WOS:000284541800007 ER PT J AU Adell, AD Perez, AM Lopez, RN Gonzalez, IL Ramirez, PP Rodriguez, LL AF Adell, Aiko D. Perez, Andres M. Navarro Lopez, Roberto Lopez Gonzalez, Irene Paz Ramirez, Pedro Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Estimation of the time of seroconversion to the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in sentinel cattle of dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIMULIUM-VITTATUM DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; PSYCHODIDAE; INFECTION; COLORADO; GEORGIA; INDIANA AB Objective-To estimate the time of seroconversion to the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSNJV) in sentinel cattle of dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern Mexico and to determine the factors associated with an increase in VSNJV transmission Animals-471 dairy cattle in 4 free ranging dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern Mexico Procedures-Serum samples from all cattle were screened by use of serum neutralization (SN) tests for antibodies against VSNJV Cattle with SN titers < 1 20 were designated as sentinel cattle and tested every 10 weeks for seroconversion to VSNJV (SN titer 1 80) A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compare the hazard for seroconversion between sentinel cattle located at high and low elevations and kept under similar management and nutritional conditions Results-Hazard of VSNJV seroconversion was significantly higher for sentinel cattle located at high elevations compared with the hazard for sentinel cattle located at low elevations Dairy cattle located at high elevations seroconverted to VSNJV more frequently during the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Seroconversion to VSNJV was more likely in dairy cattle in southern Mexico located at high elevations than in dairy cattle located at low elevations These findings should contribute to understanding the dynamics of VSNJV infection in endemic areas and should be useful in the design of effective preventive and control strategies to decrease the impact of future VSV incursions (Am J Vet Res 2010 71 1451-1456) C1 [Perez, Andres M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Perez, Andres M.] Univ Nacl Rosario, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Fac Ciencias Vet, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Navarro Lopez, Roberto; Lopez Gonzalez, Irene; Paz Ramirez, Pedro] Serv Nacl Sanidad Inocuidad & Calidad Agroaliment, Exot Anim Dis Commiss, Mexico City 05110, DF, Mexico. [Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Perez, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU US National Center for Medical Intelligence; USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information System [1940-32000-054-00D]; ARS-UC Davis [58 1940 9 970] FX Supported by the US National Center for Medical Intelligence by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information System project No 1940-32000-054-00D and by the ARS-UC Davis Specific Cooperative Agreement No 58 1940 9 970 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1451 EP 1456 DI 10.2460/ajvr.71.12.1451 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 690BD UT WOS:000284974200007 PM 21117996 ER PT J AU Cepica, S Bartenschlager, H Ovilo, C Zrustova, J Masopust, M Fernandez, A Lopez, A Knoll, A Rohrer, GA Snelling, WM Geldermann, H AF Cepica, S. Bartenschlager, H. Ovilo, C. Zrustova, J. Masopust, M. Fernandez, A. Lopez, A. Knoll, A. Rohrer, G. A. Snelling, W. M. Geldermann, H. TI Porcine NAMPT gene: search for polymorphism, mapping and association studies SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE association study; carcass composition; genetic mapping; meat quality; NAMPT; pig; polymorphism ID VISFATIN GENE; PORK QUALITY; WILD BOAR; LINKAGE; CARCASS; TRAITS; GROWTH; PIG; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB NAMPT encodes an enzyme catalysing the rate-limiting step in NAD biosynthesis. The extracellular form of the enzyme is known as adipokine visfatin. We detected SNP AM999341:g.669T>C (referred to as 669T>C) in intron 9 and SNP FN392209:g.358A>G (referred to as 358A>G) in the promoter of the gene. RH mapping linked the gene to microsatellite SW944. Linkage analysis placed the gene on the current USDA - USMARC linkage map at position 92 cM on SSC9. Association analyses were performed in a wild boar x Meishan F(2) family (W x M), with 45 traits recorded (growth and fattening, fat deposition, muscling, meat quality, stress resistance and other traits), and in a commercial Landrace x Chinese-European (LCE) synthetic population with records for 15 traits (growth, fat deposition, muscling, intramuscular fat, meat colour and backfat fatty acid content). In the W x M, SNP 669T>C was associated with muscling, fat deposition, growth and fattening, meat quality and other traits and in the LCE with muscling, meat quality and backfat fatty acid composition. In the W x M, SNP 358A>G was associated with muscling, fat deposition, growth and other traits. After correction for multiple testing, the NAMPT haplotypes were associated in the W x M with, in descending order, muscling (q = 0.0056), growth (q = 0.0056), fat deposition (q = 0.0109), fat-to-meat ratio (q = 0.0135), cooling losses (q = 0.0568) and longissimus pH(U) (q = 0.0695). The SNPs are hypothesized to be in linkage disequilibrium with a causative mutation affecting energy metabolism as a whole rather than fat metabolism alone. C1 [Cepica, S.; Masopust, M.; Knoll, A.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov, Czech Republic. [Bartenschlager, H.] Univ Hohenheim, Dept Anim Breeding & Biotechnol, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. [Ovilo, C.; Fernandez, A.; Lopez, A.] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, Dept Mejora Genet Anim, Madrid, Spain. [Zrustova, J.; Knoll, A.] Mendel Univ Brno, Dept Anim Morphol Physiol & Genet, Brno, Czech Republic. [Rohrer, G. A.; Snelling, W. M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov, Czech Republic. EM cepica@iapg.cas.cz RI Knoll, Ales/D-6896-2012; Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014; Ovilo, Cristina/N-9931-2014 OI Ovilo, Cristina/0000-0002-5738-8435 FU Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AV0Z50450515]; Czech Science Foundation [523/07/0353]; German Research Foundation (DFG) FX We thank Dr Martine Yerle (INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France) for providing the IMpRH panel and Marcos Nieto for technical support with the Landrace x Chinese-European synthetic population. This work was supported by the Institutional Research Plan of the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV0Z50450515), the Czech Science Foundation (523/07/0353), and the German Research Foundation (DFG). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 646 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02052.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 678XP UT WOS:000284117100010 PM 20477789 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Kuehn, LA Snelling, WM Smith, TPL Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG Freetly, HC AF Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Kuehn, L. A. Snelling, W. M. Smith, T. P. L. Ferrell, C. L. Jenkins, T. G. Freetly, H. C. TI Polymorphisms in POMC are not associated with dry matter intake and average daily gain phenotypes in beef cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lindholm-Perry, A. K.; Kuehn, L. A.; Snelling, W. M.; Smith, T. P. L.; Ferrell, C. L.; Jenkins, T. G.; Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lindholm-Perry, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM amanda.lindholm@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 669 EP 669 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02089.x PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 678XP UT WOS:000284117100016 PM 20579013 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Hausman, GJ Kraeling, RR AF Barb, C. R. Hausman, G. J. Kraeling, R. R. TI Luteinizing hormone secretion as influenced by age and estradiol in the prepubertal gilt SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pig; Estradiol; LH; Puberty ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK-REGULATION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; LH-SECRETION; PUBERTY; KISSPEPTIN; PEPTIDE; GPR54; GENE AB The aim of this study was to determine if there is an age related reduction in the sensitivity of the negative feedback action of 17 beta-estradiol (estradiol) on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in the prepubertal gilt. Ovariectomized gilts at 90 (n = 12), 150 (n = 11) or 210 (n = 12) days of age received estradiol benzoate (EB) osmotic pump implants 6/group and the remaining animals received vehicle control (C) implants except for 150-day C (n = 5) on Day 0. On Day 10 blood samples were collected every 15 min for 8 h and serum LH and estradiol concentrations were measured. Serum estradiol concentrations averaged 5 +/- 1, 5 +/- 1 and 7 +/- 2 pg/ml for the 90-, 150- and 210-day-old gilts implanted with estradiol, respectively, whereas, serum estradiol concentrations was undetectable in C gilts. Mean serum LH concentrations, basal LH concentrations and serum LH pulse amplitude were less in EB-treated gilts at all ages compared to control animals. In contrast, LH pulse frequency initially was less in EB-treated gilts but subsequently increased (P < 0.04) with age (from 0.8 +/- 0.2 at 90 days to 5.2 +/- 0.2/8 h at 210 days), and at 210 days of age the pulse frequency was similar to C gilts. These results demonstrate an age related reduction in the sensitivity to the negative feedback action of estradiol on LH secretion and support the idea that the gilt conforms to the gonadostat hypothesis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barb, C. R.; Hausman, G. J.; Kraeling, R. R.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM richard.barb@ars.usda.gov; Gary.Hausman@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported by United States Department of Agriculture funds. The authors wish to thank B. Barrett, E.A. Taras, R. Utley and B. Johnson for their technical assistance. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products which may be suitable. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3-4 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.10.006 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 705TD UT WOS:000286159900024 PM 21055887 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Boue, SM Carter-Wientjes, CH Bland, JM Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF De Lucca, Anthony J. Boue, Stephen M. Carter-Wientjes, Carol H. Bland, John M. Bhatnagar, Deepak Cleveland, Thomas E. TI VOLATILE PROFILES OF TOXIGENIC AND NON-TOXIGENIC ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS USING SPME FOR SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION SO ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; secondary metabolic volatile; aflatoxin; maize ID DIFFERENT ABILITIES; METABOLITES; STRAINS; INDICATORS; UNIQUE; MOLDS; MEDIA AB Toxigenic and atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus Alms were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and wetted (23% moisture) sterile, cracked corn for 14 and 21 days, respectively. Volatile compounds produced by A. flavus, as well as those present in the PDA controls and sterile cracked maize, were collected using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results show that growth substrate had a major impact on the number and type of volatiles detected. Growth on sterile cracked maize produced many more volatiles than did potato dextrose agar. There were also differences observed in the type of volatiles produced between toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates, as well as between isolates of the same toxigenic grouping. C1 [De Lucca, Anthony J.; Boue, Stephen M.; Carter-Wientjes, Carol H.; Bland, John M.; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Anthony.DeLucca@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST AGRICULTURAL MEDICINE PI LUBLIN PA JACZEWSKIEGO 2, PO BOX 185, 20-950 LUBLIN, POLAND SN 1232-1966 J9 ANN AGR ENV MED JI Ann. Agr. Env. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 705TG UT WOS:000286160200016 PM 21186773 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Casillas, AM Kaza, U Wilson, BA Nesbit, JB Reimoneqnue, C Cheng, HP Bahna, SL AF Maleki, Soheila J. Casillas, Adrian M. Kaza, Ujwala Wilson, Brian A. Nesbit, Jacqueline B. Reimoneqnue, Chantrel Cheng, Hsiaopo Bahna, Sami L. TI Differences among heat-treated, raw, and commercial peanut extracts by skin testing and immunoblotting SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPONENT-RESOLVED DIAGNOSTICS; CONTROLLED FOOD CHALLENGES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E LEVELS; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; FRESH FOODS; PRICK TESTS; SENSITIZED CHILDREN; ALLERGIC REACTIONS; HISTAMINE-RELEASE; MILK ALLERGY AB Background: Peanut allergenicity has been reported to be influenced by heat treatment, yet the commonly available extracts for skin prick testing (SPT) are derived from raw extracts. Objective: To assess the effect of heat treatment on the SPT reactivity and specific IgE binding to peanut. Methods: Three commercial extracts and 3 laboratory-prepared extracts, including raw, roasted, and boiled, were used for SPT in 19 patients with suspected peanut allergy and in 4 individuals who eat peanut without any symptoms. Serum samples were obtained to measure total IgE in addition to specific IgE binding to the study extracts by immunoblotting. Peanut allergy was confirmed with challenge test unless the individual had a convincing history of a severe reaction. Results: Eleven study participants were considered peanut allergic based on a strong history or positive challenge test result. SPT with the prepared and commercial reagents showed that the boiled extract had the highest specificity (67% vs 42%-63% for the other extracts). The prepared extracts showed similar SPT sensitivity (81%). Three patients with a history of severe reaction and elevated specific IgE levels to peanut to the 3 study extracts had variable SPT reactivity to 1 or more of the commercial extracts. IgE binding to Ara h 2 was found in nearly all patients, regardless of their clinical reactivity. Conclusions: None of the extracts tested showed optimal diagnostic reliability regarding both sensitivity and specificity. Perhaps testing should be performed with multiple individual extracts prepared by different methods. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105:451-457. C1 [Casillas, Adrian M.; Kaza, Ujwala; Wilson, Brian A.; Bahna, Sami L.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Sect, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA. [Maleki, Soheila J.; Nesbit, Jacqueline B.; Reimoneqnue, Chantrel; Cheng, Hsiaopo] ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Bahna, SL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Sect, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA. EM SBAHNA@LSUHSC.EDU FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Shreveport FX This study was supported by funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and internal funds from the Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Shreveport. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 105 IS 6 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.09.025 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701PQ UT WOS:000285834200011 PM 21130383 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Balks, MR Harms, DS AF Seybold, C. A. Balks, M. R. Harms, D. S. TI Characterization of active layer water contents in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE active layer; Antarctic soil; Cryosol; Dry Valleys; Gelisols; soil moisture ID ROSS SEA REGION; DRY VALLEYS; VICTORIA LAND; SOILS; CALIBRATION AB The liquid soil water contents in the seasonally thawed layer (active layer) were characterized from seven soil climate monitoring sites - four coastal sites from south to north (Minna Bluff, Scott Base, Marble Point and Granite Harbour), and inland sites from low to high altitude (Wright Valley, Victoria Valley and Mount Fleming). Mean water contents ranged from 0.013 m(3) m(-3) near the surface at Victoria Valley to 0.33 m(3) m(-3) near the ice-cemented layer at Granite Harbour. The coastal sites have greater soil water contents than the McMurdo Dry Valley and Mount Fleming sites, and moisture contents increase with depth in the active layer. The Wright Valley site receives very little infiltration from snowmelt, with none in most years. All other sites, except Mount Fleming, received between one and four wetting events per summer, and infiltrated water moved to greater depths (approximate to 10-25 cm). The Scott Base and Granite Harbour sites are on sloping ground and receive a subsurface flow of water along the ice-cemented permafrost. Our findings indicate that water contents are low with very little recharge, are greatly influenced by the local microclimate and topography, and show no significant increasing or decreasing trend over 10 years of monitoring. C1 [Seybold, C. A.; Harms, D. S.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Balks, M. R.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N,Fed Bldg,Rm 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM cathy.seybold@lin.usda.gov FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (FRST) [CO930307] FX This research was partially funded by The New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (FRST grant CO930307). Logistics support for this project was provided by Antarctica New Zealand. We acknowledge the contribution of John Kimble (retired from USDA-NRCS), Ron Paetzold (retired from USDA-NRCS), Don Huffman (retired from USDA-NRCS), and Iain Campbell (Land and Soil Consultancy Services) who all assisted in the initial installation of the climate stations and with maintenance in the following years. The Victoria Valley soil climate station was installed by Ron Sletten (University of Washington) who is a collaborator on this site. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 SI SI BP 633 EP 645 DI 10.1017/S0954102010000696 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 696VU UT WOS:000285470300005 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Rogers, EE Stenger, DC AF Lee, Min Woo Rogers, Elizabeth E. Stenger, Drake C. TI Functional Characterization of Replication and Stability Factors of an Incompatibility Group P-1 Plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STABLE MAINTENANCE; LEAF SCORCH; SYSTEM; PEMK; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; PROTEIN; TOXIN AB Xylella fastidiosa strain riv11 harbors a 25-kbp plasmid (pXF-RIV11) belonging to the IncP-1 incompatibility group. Replication and stability factors of pXF-RIV11 were identified and used to construct plasmids able to replicate in X. fastidiosa and Escherichia coli. Replication in X. fastidiosa required a 1.4-kbp region from pXF-RIV11 containing a replication initiation gene (trfA) and the adjacent origin of DNA replication (oriV). Constructs containing trfA and oriV from pVEIS01, a related IncP-1 plasmid of the earthworm symbiont Verminephrobacter eiseniae, also were competent for replication in X. fastidiosa. Constructs derived from pXF-RIV11 but not pVEIS01 replicated in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris, and Pseudomonas syringae. Although plasmids bearing replication elements from pXF-RIV11 or pVEIS01 could be maintained in X. fastidiosa under antibiotic selection, removal of selection resulted in plasmid extinction after 3 weekly passages. Addition of a toxin-antitoxin addiction system (pemI/pemK) from pXF-RIV11 improved plasmid stability such that >80 to 90% of X. fastidiosa cells retained plasmid after 5 weekly passages in the absence of antibiotic selection. Expression of PemK in E. coli was toxic for cell growth, but toxicity was nullified by coexpression of PemI antitoxin. Deletion of N-terminal sequences of PemK containing the conserved motif RGD abolished toxicity. In vitro assays revealed a direct interaction of PemI with PemK, suggesting that antitoxin activity of PemI is mediated by toxin sequestration. IncP-1 plasmid replication and stability factors were added to an E. coli cloning vector to constitute a stable 6.0-kbp shuttle vector (pXF20-PEMIK) suitable for use in X. fastidiosa. C1 [Lee, Min Woo; Rogers, Elizabeth E.; Stenger, Drake C.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov RI Rogers, Elizabeth/D-2087-2009 OI Rogers, Elizabeth/0000-0002-0545-4744 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 76 IS 23 BP 7734 EP 7740 DI 10.1128/AEM.01921-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 681KE UT WOS:000284310500008 PM 20935126 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Fujiyoshi, P Foster, GD Bailey, AM AF Baumgartner, Kendra Fujiyoshi, Phillip Foster, Gary D. Bailey, Andy M. TI Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation for Investigation of Somatic Recombination in the Fungal Pathogen Armillaria mellea SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGARICUS-BISPORUS; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR MIGRATION; GENETIC EXCHANGE; PCR; DNA; PAIRINGS; HOMOKARYONS; EXPRESSION AB Armillaria root disease is one of the most damaging timber and fruit tree diseases in the world. Despite its economic importance, many basic questions about the biology of the causal fungi, Armillaria spp., are unanswered. For example, Armillaria undergoes matings between diploid and haploid mycelia, which can result in a recombinant diploid without meiosis. Evidence of such somatic recombination in natural populations suggests that this reproductive mode may affect the pathogen's ecology. Investigations of the mechanisms and adaptive consequences of somatic recombination are, however, hampered by the lack of a method to reliably synthesize somatic recombinants. Here we report the first genetic transformation system for the genus Armillaria. We transformed A. mellea with selective markers for use in diploid-haploid matings to reliably synthesize somatic recombinants. This was accomplished with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying pBGgHg, which carries the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph). hph was integrated into transformants, as evidenced by serial transfer to selective media, PCR, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and Southern hybridization. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers were developed to genotype synthesized mycelia. In matings between a wild-type diploid and hygromycin-resistant haploids (transgenic), we identified recombinant, hygromycin- resistant diploids and, additionally, hygromycin-resistant triploids, all with the mitochondrial haplotype of the haploid partner. Our approach created no mycelium in which the haploid nucleus was replaced by the diploid nucleus, the typical outcome of diploid-haploid matings in Armillaria. This genetic transformation system, in combination with new markers to track chromosomal and cytoplasmic inheritance in A. mellea, will advance research aimed at characterizing the significance of somatic recombination in the ecology of this important fungus. C1 [Baumgartner, Kendra; Fujiyoshi, Phillip] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Foster, Gary D.; Bailey, Andy M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 363 Hutchison Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu RI Foster, Gary/A-7985-2011; OI Bailey, Andy/0000-0002-7594-3703 FU Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development FX This research was funded by a grant to K. Baumgartner from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Cooperative Research Program in Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems. We thank R. Thilmony (USDA-ARS, Albany, CA) for A. tumefaciens AGL-1, C. P. Romaine (The Pennsylvania State University, University Park) for pBGgHg, S. E. Bergemann (Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro) for ATP6 primer design, B. Falk (University of California, Davis) for Southern blotting, C. Collins and S. Kilaru (University of Bristol, United Kingdom) for laboratory assistance, and Carey Medin (Stonehill College, North Easton, MA) for manuscript review. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 76 IS 24 BP 7990 EP 7996 DI 10.1128/AEM.01049-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 688VO UT WOS:000284882800012 PM 20952653 ER PT J AU Gandhi, KM Mandrell, RE Tian, P AF Gandhi, Kamal M. Mandrell, Robert E. Tian, Peng TI Binding of Virus-Like Particles of Norwalk Virus to Romaine Lettuce Veins SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; GASTROINTESTINAL CELLS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; MURINE NOROVIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; CONTAMINATION; ATTACHMENT; OYSTERS; LEWIS; RISKS AB Noroviruses (NoV) annually cause millions of cases of gastrointestinal disease in the United States. NoV are associated with raw shellfish outbreaks, particularly oysters, which are thought to bioaccumulate NoV particles during the filter-feeding process. NoV outbreaks, however, have also been known to occur from other commonsource food-borne vehicles, such as lettuce, frozen raspberries, and salad. In this study, we evaluated romaine lettuce as a potential vehicle for NoV transmission by testing the binding and distribution of NoV to the surface of romaine. Recombinant Norwalk virus-like particles (rNVLP) applied to the surface of romaine lettuce localized as large clusters primarily on the leaf veins. An extract of romaine lettuce leaves in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (romaine extract [RE]) bound rNVLP in a dose-dependent manner. RE did not bind rNVLP by histo-blood group antigens (HBGA), nor was RE competitive with rNVLP binding to porcine gastric mucin. These results suggested that non-HBGA molecules in RE bind rNVLP by a binding site(s) that is different from the defined binding pocket on the virion. Extracts of cilantro, iceberg lettuce, spinach, and celery also bound rNVLP. Samples of each of the vegetables spiked with rNVLP and tested with anti-NVLP antibody revealed by confocal microscopy the presence of rNVLP not only on the veins of cilantro but also throughout the surface of iceberg lettuce. C1 [Gandhi, Kamal M.; Mandrell, Robert E.; Tian, Peng] ARS, USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM peng.tian@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [5325-42000-044] FX This work was supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS project 5325-42000-044. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 76 IS 24 BP 7997 EP 8003 DI 10.1128/AEM.01566-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 688VO UT WOS:000284882800013 PM 21037300 ER PT J AU Scupham, AJ Jones, JA Rettedal, EA Weber, TE AF Scupham, A. J. Jones, J. A. Rettedal, E. A. Weber, T. E. TI Antibiotic Manipulation of Intestinal Microbiota To Identify Microbes Associated with Campylobacter jejuni Exclusion in Poultry SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL GROWTH PROMOTERS; MUCOSAL COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; BROILER-CHICKENS; COLONIZATION; VIRGINIAMYCIN; INFECTION; AVOPARCIN AB The ability of various subsets of poultry intestinal microbiota to protect turkeys from colonization by Campylobacter jejuni was investigated. Community subsets were generated in vivo by inoculation of day-old poults with the cecal contents of a Campylobacter-free adult turkey, followed by treatment with one antimicrobial, either virginiamycin, enrofloxacin, neomycin, or vancomycin. The C. jejuni loads of the enrofloxacin-, neomycin-, and vancomycin-derived communities were decreased by 1 log, 2 logs, and 4 logs, respectively. Examination of the constituents of the derived communities via the array-based method oligonucleotide fingerprinting of rRNA genes detected a subtype of Megamonas hypermegale specific to the C. jejuni-suppressive treatments. C1 [Scupham, A. J.; Jones, J. A.; Rettedal, E. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Weber, T. E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scupham, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM alexandra.scupham@aphis.usda.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 76 IS 24 BP 8026 EP 8032 DI 10.1128/AEM.00678-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 688VO UT WOS:000284882800017 PM 20952640 ER PT J AU Mertens, JA Braker, JD Jordan, DB AF Mertens, Jeffrey A. Braker, Jay D. Jordan, Douglas B. TI Catalytic Properties of Two Rhizopus oryzae 99-880 Glucoamylase Enzymes Without Starch Binding Domains Expressed in Pichia pastoris SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glucoamylase; Glycoside hydrolase; Substrate inhibition; Enzyme mechanism; Pre-steady-state kinetics; Rhizopus oryzae; Pichia pastoris ID WILD-TYPE GLUCOAMYLASES; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA; MECHANISM; AWAMORI; HYDROLYSIS; RESOLUTION; SUBSTRATE; ACARBOSE; MALTOSE AB Catalytic properties of two glucoamylases, AmyC and AmyD, without starch binding domains from Rhizopus oryzae strain 99-880 are determined using heterologously expressed enzyme purified to homogeneity. AmyC and AmyD demonstrate pH optima of 5.5 and 6.0, respectively, nearly one unit higher than the Rhizopus AmyA glucoamylase enzyme. Optimal initial activities are at 60 and 50 C for AmyC and AmyD, respectively. Inactivation of both enzymes occurs at 50 C following 30 min pre-incubation. The two enzymes demonstrate substantially slower catalytic rates toward soluble starch relative to AmyA. AmyC. has similar k(eat) and K(m) for oligosaccharides to other Rhizopus and Aspogillus glucoamylases; however, the enzyme has a 2-fold lower K(m)(maltose). AmyD has a 3-fold higher K(m) and lower K(cat) for maltooligosaccharides than AmyC and other glucoamylases. AmyC (but not AmyD) exhibits substrate inhibition. K(i) for substrate inhibition decreases with increasing length of the oligosaccharides. Data from pre-steady-state binding of AmyC to maltose and maltotriose and pre-steady-state to steady-state catalytic turnover experiments of AmyC acting on maltotriosc were used to interrogate models of substrate inhibition. In the preferred model, AmyC accumulates an enzyme-maltose-maltotriose dead-end complex in the steady state. C1 [Mertens, Jeffrey A.; Braker, Jay D.; Jordan, Douglas B.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mertens, JA (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jeffrey.mertens@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 162 IS 8 BP 2197 EP 2213 DI 10.1007/s12010-010-8994-0 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 681EU UT WOS:000284295000008 PM 20549574 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Gamble, G Thibodeaux, D AF Liu, Yongliang Gamble, Gary Thibodeaux, Devron TI Two-Dimensional Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy Study of the Desorption Process of Water-Soaked Cotton Fibers SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Two-dimensional correlation analysis; 2D CORS; Attenuated total reflection; ATR spectroscopy; Cotton fibers; Cellulose; Water content; Hydrogen bonding; Fiber quality ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CELL-WALL; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NATIVE CELLULOSES; BOUND WATER; ADSORPTION; SPECTRA; RAMAN AB Two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis was applied to characterize the attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectral intensity fluctuations of native cotton fibers with various water contents Prior to 2D analysis, the spectra were leveled to zero at the peak intensity of 1800 cm(-1) and then were normalized at the peak intensity of 660 cm(-1) to subjectively correct the changes resulting from water diffusion in fibers and resultant density dilution Next, a new spectral set was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and two clusters of hydrated (>= 13 3%) and dehydrated (<13.3%) fibers were obtained Synchronous and asynchronous 2D correlation spectra from individual ATR spectral sets enhanced spectral resolution and provided insights about water-content-dependent intensity variations not readily accessible from one-dimensional ATR spectra The 2D results revealed remarkable differences corresponding to water loss between the hydrated and dehydrated fibers Of interest were that (1) the intensity of the 1640 cm(-1) water band remains in a steady state for hydrated fibers but decreases for dehydrated fibers, (2) during the desorption process of adsorbed water, small and water soluble carbonyl species e, esters, acids, carboxylates, and proteins) begin to accumulate on the cotton surface, resulting in possible changes in the coloration and surface chemistry of native cotton fibers that were rained on prior to harvesting, (3) intensities of bands in the 1200 to 950 cm(-1) region exhibit a more apparent intensity Increase than those in the 1500 to 1200 cm(-1) region, indicating the sensitivity of the 1200 to 950 cm(-1) Infrared (IR) region to intra and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in fiber celluloses, and (4) the 750 cm(-1) band, ascribed to the unstable I(alpha) phase in amorphous regions, might originate from the cellulose water complex through hydrogen bonding C1 [Liu, Yongliang; Gamble, Gary; Thibodeaux, Devron] ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1355 EP 1363 DI 10.1366/000370210793561556 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 687ZO UT WOS:000284817500009 PM 21144153 ER PT J AU Barrows, FT Gaylord, TG Sealey, WM Smith, CE Porter, L AF Barrows, F. T. Gaylord, T. G. Sealey, W. M. Smith, C. E. Porter, L. TI Supplementation of plant-based diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with macro-minerals and inositol SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alternate proteins; electrolytes; inositol; plant based feeds; rainbow trout; vitamins ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS BURCHELL; COBIA RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; FISH-MEAL; MAGNESIUM REQUIREMENT; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; PROTEIN DIETS; WHOLE-BODY; GROWTH AB Replacement of fish meal with plant products in aquafeeds results in the elimination of dietary compounds which may be important for optimal growth and physiology A study was conducted to determine if supplementation with macro minerals and/or mositol would improve performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a plant based diet Four iso caloric and iso nitrogenous diets (40 g kg(-1) pro term and 15 g kg(-1) lipid) were formulated and consisted of a fish meal based control diet (control) and three plant based experimental diets Plant based diets were supplemented with either macro minerals and inositol (+ MM + I) no macro minerals with inositol (-MM + I) and no macro minerals and no mositol (-MM-I) Sodium chloride potassium chloride and magnesium oxide were the sources used in the macro mineral premix There was no effect of diet on survival but there was an effect of diet on weight gain FCR feed intake HSI and nutrient retentions Significant liver pathology was observed in trout fed plant based diets without MM supplementation Supplementation of MM and inositol significantly improved weight gain of trout fed a plant based diet Supplementation of MM and/or inositol also improved PRE and ERE This study demonstrates the importance of supplementing these nutrients to trout fed fish meal free diets C1 [Barrows, F. T.; Gaylord, T. G.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Sealey, W. M.; Porter, L.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Smith, C. E.] Aquaculture & Pathol Consulting, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn 3059, H Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Trout Grains [5366 21310 003-00D] FX We wish to thank ARS technicians April M Teague and Lorrie Van Tassel, ARS SCEP student G Scott Snyder and University of Idaho personnel Mike Casten for their assistance with this study This study was funded by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Trout Grains Project, # 5366 21310 003-00D Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00717.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 683ZJ UT WOS:000284516500010 ER PT J AU Landrum, JT Wang, XD Wurtzel, ET AF Landrum, John T. Wang, Xiang-Dong Wurtzel, Eleanore T. TI Special Issue: Carotenoids SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Landrum, John T.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wurtzel, Eleanore T.] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. RP Landrum, JT (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM landrumj@fiu.edu; xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu; wurtzel@lehman.cuny.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [SC1 GM081160] NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 504 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2010.10.003 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 673OR UT WOS:000283673300001 PM 20955834 ER PT J AU Tian, L Ji, BZ Liu, SW He, CL Jin, F Gao, J Stanley, D Li, S AF Tian, Ling Ji, Bao-Zhong Liu, Shu-Wen He, Chun-Ling Jin, Feng Gao, Jie Stanley, David Li, Sheng TI JH BIOSYNTHESIS BY REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES AND CORPORA ALLATA IN ADULT LONGHORNED BEETLES, Apriona germari SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE juvenile hormone; biosynthetic pathway; biosynthetic ability; reproductive tissue; corpora allata ID JUVENILE-HORMONE-III; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; ACCESSORY-GLANDS; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; FEMALES; COPULATION; INSECTS; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB We report on juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis from long-chain intermediates by specific reproductive tissues and the corpora allata (CA) prepared from adult longhorned beetles, Apriona germari. The testes, male accessory glands (MAGs), ovaries, and CA contained the long-chain intermediates in the JH biosynthetic pathway, farnesoic acid (FA), methyl farnesoate (MF), and JH III. The testes and ovaries, but not CA, produced radioactive JH III after the addition of 3 H-methionine and, separately, unlabeled methionine, to the incubation medium. We inferred that endogenous FA is methylated to MF in the testes and ovaries. Addition of farnesol led to increased amounts of FA in the testes, MAGs, ovaries, and CA, indicating oxidation of farnesol to FA. Addition of FA to incubation medium yielded increased JH III, again indicating methylation of FA to MF in the testes, MAGs, ovaries, but not CA. Addition of MF to incubation medium also led to JH III, from which we inferred the epoxidation of MF to JH III. JH biosynthesis from farnesol in the testes, MAGs, and ovaries of A. germari proceeds via oxidation to FA, methylation to MF, and epoxidation to JH III. This is a well-known pathway to JH III, described here for the first time in reproductive tissues of longhorned beetles. (c) C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Tian, Ling; Ji, Bao-Zhong; He, Chun-Ling; Jin, Feng; Gao, Jie] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. [Tian, Ling; Li, Sheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Dev & Evolutionary Biol, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shu-Wen] Management Off Sun Yatsens Mausoleum, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Stanley, David] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Ji, BZ (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Longpan Rd 159, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. EM jbz9885@njfu.edu.cn FU Chinese National Science Foundation [30271086, 30471399]; Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province [04KJB180053] FX Grant sponsor: Chinese National Science Foundation Program; Grant numbers: 30271086; 30471399; Grant sponsor: Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province; Grant number: 04KJB180053. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1002/arch.20395 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 686TM UT WOS:000284718600004 PM 21104885 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO Ajwa, HA Sullivan, DA AF Chellemi, Dan O. Ajwa, Husein A. Sullivan, David A. TI Atmospheric flux of agricultural fumigants from raised-bed, plastic-mulch crop production systems SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Low density polyethylene; Virtually impermeable film; Methyl isothiocyanate; Dimethyl disulfide; 1,3-Dichloropropene; Chloropicrin ID METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; SOIL FUMIGATION; METAM-SODIUM; VOLATILIZATION; EMISSIONS; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; CHLOROPICRIN; PERMEABILITY; CHEMIGATION; APPARATUS AB Atmospheric emission of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were measured in the field under fumigant application scenarios representative of raised bed plastic-mulched crop production systems. For three fumigation sites located in Florida, cumulative emissions of 1,3-D, MITC and CP were less than 11%, 6% and 2%, respectively. For three fumigation sites in located in Georgia, cumulative emissions of MITC and CP were <13% and 12%, respectively while DMDS emissions varied from 37% to 95%. In the Florida sites, emission peak flux of CP occurred within the first 6 h after application. Peak emission of 1,3-D and MITC occurred between 100 and 144 h after application. In the Georgia sites where fumigated soil was covered by low density polyethylene (LOPE) plastic, emission peak flux of DMDS and MITC occurred between 12and 48 h after application. Key factors affecting atmospheric emissions were soil moisture, soil tilth and the resistance to fumigant diffusion of the plastic. film used to cover soil following application. This study demonstrated reduced atmospheric emissions of agricultural fumigants under commercial production conditions when applied using good agricultural practices including soil water contents above field capacity, uniform soil filth in the fumigation zone and the use of metalized or virtually impermeable films to further reduce fumigant emissions. The results of this study show a need for regional flux studies due to the various interactions of soil and climate with local agricultural land management practices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chellemi, Dan O.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Ajwa, Husein A.] Univ Calif, Dept Vegetable Crops, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Sullivan, David A.] Sullivan Environm Consulting Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dan.chellemi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; ARS Area-Wide Pest Management; USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs FX Thanks are extended to Dr. Scott Yates for estimates of plastic permeability, Stanley Culpepper, Dr. Paul Sumner. Nick Rotindo, Randy Driggers, Mike Bobb, Taylor Ivy and Jerry Johnson for technical support, to Wes Roan, Larry Moss snd Six L's Packing Co. for logistical support and Hendrix and Dail and John Mirusso for fumigant application support. This study was supported financially with funds from the USDA, ARS Area-Wide Pest Management Project and the USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 39 BP 5279 EP 5286 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.062 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 685XO UT WOS:000284661600026 ER PT J AU Rasaputra, KS Liyanage, R Lay, JO McCarthy, FM Rath, NC AF Rasaputra, K. S. Liyanage, R. Lay, J. O., Jr. McCarthy, F. M. Rath, N. C. TI Tibial Dyschondroplasia-Associated Proteomic Changes in Chicken Growth Plate Cartilage SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE tibial dyschondroplasia; chicken; growth plate; proteins; mass spectrometry ID PROTEIN; FAMILY; DISEASE; FUTURE; TOOLS; CELLS AB Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a poultry leg problem that affects the proximal growth plate of the tibia, preventing its transition to bone. To understand the disease-induced proteomic changes, we compared the protein extracts of cartilage from normal and TD-affected growth plates. TD was induced by feeding thiram to chickens 2 wk before tissue harvest. Proteins were extracted from whole tissues and from conditioned media (CM) prepared by incubating appropriate growth plate tissues in serum-free culture medium for 48 hr. The extracts were prefractionated to contain proteins ranging between 10 and 100 kD. Equal amounts of proteins were subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis with three individual samples per group. The gels were silver stained, and digital images were compared and analyzed with Melanie software to determine differentially expressed protein spots. On comparison of two sets of gels, 47 matching spots were detected in tissue extracts and 27 in CM extracts. Among the matching spots, 12 were determined to be down-regulated in tissue extracts (P <= 0.05) and two in CM extracts (P <= 0.05) of TD-affected growth plates. Altogether, 32 protein spots could be identified in both tissue and CM extracts by in-gel trypsin digestion, followed by peptide mass fingerprinting and mass spectrometry (MS)/MS fragmentation. The down-regulated proteins included alpha-enolase, G protein, origin recognition complex, peptidyl prolyl isomerase, calumenin, type II collagen precursor, and the expressed sequence tag pgm2n.pk014.f20, a protein with homology to human reticulocalbin-3 (RCN3). Most of the down-regulated proteins are associated with signal transduction, energy metabolism, and secretory functions that are integral to cell viability. Consistent with our earlier findings that the TD chondrocytes are nonviable, the current results suggest that thiram very likely interferes with basic metabolic functions of chondrocytes, leading to their death and, consequently, to the pathogenesis of TD. C1 [Rasaputra, K. S.; Rath, N. C.] ARS, PPPSRU, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Rasaputra, K. S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Liyanage, R.; Lay, J. O., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [McCarthy, F. M.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), ARS, PPPSRU, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 FU Cobb-Vantress Company, Siloam Springs, AR FX The authors thank Scott Zornes and Sonia Tsai for their technical assistance. This study was partly funded by a grant from Cobb-Vantress Company, Siloam Springs, AR. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1637/9384-050110-Reg.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 701YA UT WOS:000285859900005 PM 21313835 ER PT J AU Eggert, D Swayne, DE AF Eggert, Dawn Swayne, David E. TI Single Vaccination Provides Limited Protection to Ducks and Geese Against H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ducks; geese; H5N1; highly pathogenic avian influenza; vaccine; inactivated vaccine ID HONG-KONG; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; REVERSE GENETICS; DOMESTIC DUCKS; PEKIN DUCKS; INACTIVATED VACCINES; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; HPAI H5N1; A VIRUSES; EFFICACY AB Since 2002, high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) has spread from Asia to Europe and into Africa, causing the largest epizootic of HPAI of the last 50 yr, including infecting domestic and wild waterfowl. Our study was conducted to investigate whether a single vaccination of 7-day-old domestic ducks and geese with inactivated oil emulsion vaccines resulted in protection against HPAI virus challenge at 30 days of age. In ducks, some but not all vaccines decreased oropharyngeal and cloacal viral shedding for different periods postchallenge when compared with the sham group. In geese, decreased morbidity signs and mortality were noted but limited to some vaccines. Best protection was seen with a vaccine homologous to HPAI challenge virus. Limited decreases in oropharyngeal and cloacal viral shedding and mixed results were attained when looking at seroconversion. Our results indicate a single dose of oil-emulsified vaccine optimized for chickens did not provide adequate protection for ducks and geese against HPAI virus, and, at a minimum, additional research is needed to formulate waterfowl-specific vaccines. C1 [Eggert, Dawn; Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU Current Research Information System [6612-32000-049-00D] FX This research was supported by Current Research Information System project 6612-32000-049-00D. The authors thank Joan Beck, Kira Moresco, and James Doster for providing excellent technical assistance. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1224 EP 1229 DI 10.1637/9410-052810-Reg.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 701YA UT WOS:000285859900013 PM 21313843 ER PT J AU Kwon, YK Swayne, DE AF Kwon, Y. K. Swayne, D. E. TI Different Routes of Inoculation Impact Infectivity and Pathogenesis of H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Chickens and Domestic Ducks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; chickens; ducks; H5N1; infectivity; pathogenesis ID A VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; INTRANASAL INOCULATION; PATHOBIOLOGY; GEESE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REPLICATION; EVOLUTION; POULTRY; PIGEONS AB The H5N1 type A influenza viruses classified as Qinghai-like virus (clade 2.2) are a unique lineage of type A influenza viruses with the capacity to produce significant disease and mortality in gallinaceous and anseriform birds, including domestic and wild ducks. The objective of this study was CO determine the susceptibility and pathogenesis of chickens and domestic ducks to A/Whooper Swan/Mongolia/224/05 (H5N1) high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus when administered through respiratory or alimentary routes of exposure. The chickens and ducks were more susceptible to the H5N1 HPAI virus, as evidenced by low infectious and lethal viral doses, when exposed by intranasal as compared to alimentary routes of inoculation (intragastric or oral-fed infected chicken meat). In the alimentary exposure pathogenesis study, pathologic changes included hemorrhage, necrosis, and inflammation in association with virus detection. These changes were generally observed in most of the visceral organs of chickens, between 2 and 4 days postinoculation (DPI), and are similar to lesions and virus localization seen in birds in natural cases or in experimental studies using the intranasal route. Alimentary exposure to the virus caused systemic infection in the ducks, characterized by moderate lymphocytic encephalitis, necrotized hepatitis, and pancreatitis with a corresponding demonstration of virus within the lesions. In both chickens and ducks with alimentary exposure, lesions, virus, or both were first demonstrated in the upper alimentary tract on 1 DPI, suggesting that the alimentary tract was the initial site affected upon consumption of infected meat or on gavage of virus in liquid medium. However, as demonstrated in the infectivity study in chickens, alimentary infection required higher exposure doses to produce infection as compared to intranasal exposure in chickens. These data suggest that upper respiratory exposure to H5N1 HPAI virus in birds is more likely to result in virus infection and transmission than will consumption of infected meat, unless the latter contains high doses of virus, as found in cannibalized infected carcasses. C1 [Swayne, D. E.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kwon, Y. K.] Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Import Risk Assessment Div, Anyang, Gyeonggi Prov, South Korea. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Department of Homeland Security, and Current Research Information Systems [RSRD-06-00051, 6612-32000-048-00D] FX We thank Joan Beck for the organization of experiments and technical support. Kira Moresco, James Doster, and Roger Brock are thanked for assistance in the technical aspects of this project. This study was supported by grant RSRD-06-00051 from the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Department of Homeland Security, and Current Research Information Systems project #6612-32000-048-00D. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1260 EP 1269 DI 10.1637/9397-051810-Reg.1 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 701YA UT WOS:000285859900018 PM 21313848 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Mayer, JJ Evans, JD Branton, SL Davis, JD AF Purswell, J. L. Mayer, J. J. Evans, J. D. Branton, S. L. Davis, J. D. TI Eye Surface Area and Dosage Rates for Spray Vaccination SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE spray vaccination; vaccine optimization; dosage rate; layer chicken; mycoplasmosis ID MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM VACCINE; HARDERIAN-GLAND; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; LAYER CHICKENS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; ROUTE AB Spray application of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccines is a labor- and time-saving means of mass vaccination of layer chickens. Recent assessment of spray characteristics of nozzles commonly used to apply MG vaccine in layer chicken operations has shown that the amount of respirable droplets (<5 mu m) is negligible. Topical application of vaccine onto the eye surface has been suggested as a route of vaccination, but no estimates of vaccine load delivered via spray application were found in the literature. Estimates of eye surface area were developed using digital imaging; 24 layer pullets were used for analysis, and the mean eye surface area, corrected for corneal curvature, was found to be 0.609 cm(2). This surface area was then used to estimate vaccine load for commercially available live MG vaccine sprayed through popular nozzles. Less than 3000 colony-forming units can be expected for direct deposition onto the surface of an eye. C1 [Purswell, J. L.; Evans, J. D.; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Mayer, J. J.; Davis, J. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM joseph.purswell@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1310 EP 1315 DI 10.1637/9478-072110-ResNote.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 701YA UT WOS:000285859900026 PM 21313856 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Barbosa, T Hafner, S Zavala, G AF Williams, Susan M. Barbosa, Taylor Hafner, Scott Zavala, Guillermo TI Myxosarcomas Associated with Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup A Infection in Fancy Breed Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE sarcomas; ALV-A; chickens; immunohistochemistry ID LAYER CHICKENS; TYPE-1 AB Formalin-fixed suspect tumors were submitted to the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center at the University of Georgia (Athens, GA) for diagnosis. Samples were from fancy breed chickens with a history of increased tumor prevalence in both hens and roosters. Microscopically, in all the samples, there were neoplastic proliferations of spindle-shaped cells. The matrix surrounding tumor cells stained positively with Alcian blue at pH 2.5, but neoplastic cells did not stain with periodic acid-Schiff. Immunohistochemistry stains were positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase and negative for desmin, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein. Tumors were determined to be myxosarcomas. All samples were positive for PCR targeting the gp85 avian leukosis virus (ALV) envelope protein. However, analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences in the envelope gene from three separate samples showed high similarity between them and to ALV subgroup A. C1 [Williams, Susan M.; Barbosa, Taylor; Zavala, Guillermo] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hafner, Scott] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Eastern Lab,Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Williams, SM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM smwillia@uga.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1319 EP 1322 DI 10.1637/9400-052110-Case.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 701YA UT WOS:000285859900028 PM 21313858 ER PT J AU Sobhy, IS Sarhan, AA Shoukry, AA El-Kady, GA Mandour, NS Reitz, SR AF Sobhy, Islam S. Sarhan, Awad A. Shoukry, Ahmed A. El-Kady, Gamal A. Mandour, Nasser S. Reitz, Stuart R. TI Development, consumption rates and reproductive biology of Orius albidipennis reared on various prey SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae); Reproductive biology; Feeding consumption; Life table ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; INSIDIOSUS HETEROPTERA; GENERALIST PREDATOR; ALTERNATIVE PREY; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; ARTHROPOD PREY; O-ALBIDIPENNIS; LIFE-HISTORY; ANTHOCORIDAE AB The predatory bug Orius albidipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) has tremendous potential as a biological control agent, especially in its native range around the Mediterranean Basin and East Africa. The need to exploit native biological control agents is growing in importance as concerns over the introduction of non-native species continue to increase. However, little is known of the effects of different prey on development and reproduction of O. albidipennis compared with other species of Orius. Therefore, we compared the development, survival, reproductive biology, and prey consumption of O. albidipennis when fed eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and larvae of Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal), under laboratory of 26 +/- 1 degrees C, 60 +/- 10% RH and 16L:8D photoperiod. Individuals were reared from the neonate stage until death on one of the four prey types. The type of prey had profound effects on all measured performance traits. The highest survival rate was recorded for nymphs that were fed on E. kuehniella eggs, while the lowest survival rate was observed for those fed on T. vaporariorum eggs. The shortest nymphal period was recorded for nymphs fed on E. kuehniella eggs, while the longest was measured for those fed on T. urticae eggs. During the nymphal period, O. albidipennis consumed significantly more eggs of T. urticae than other prey types, whereas the lowest number of consumed prey were eggs of E. kuehniella. Adult females and males consumed significantly more T. urticae eggs than other types of prey. However, Orius albidipennis females showed the highest fecundity when fed on E. kuehniella eggs, and the lowest when fed on T. vaporariorum eggs. Adult females and males that fed on G. ficorum larvae had significantly longer life spans compared with those fed other prey. Because of their relatively rapid development and high fecundity, O. albidipennis fed E. kuehniella eggs had a significantly higher net reproductive rate (R-o) and intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) than O. albidipennis fed other prey types. Overall, eggs of E. kuehniella were the most suitable diet for nymphs and adults of O. albidipennis. Although less suitable, O. albidipennis could survive and reproduce on the other prey types, which is a favourable attribute in biological control agents. These results on the effect of different prey types on development and reproduction of O. albidipennis will also contribute to the development of mass rearing programs for biological control agents in developing countries, such as Egypt. C1 [Sobhy, Islam S.; Sarhan, Awad A.; Shoukry, Ahmed A.; El-Kady, Gamal A.; Mandour, Nasser S.] Suez Canal Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. [Sobhy, Islam S.] Univ Neuchatel, FARCE Lab, Inst Biol, Fac Sci, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Reitz, Stuart R.] ARS, USDA, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Sarhan, AA (reprint author), Suez Canal Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. EM dr.awadsarhan@yahoo.com RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 64 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 753 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s10526-010-9304-z PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 702HM UT WOS:000285885200006 ER PT J AU Young, HA Hernlem, BJ Anderton, AL Lanzatella, CL Tobias, CM AF Young, Hugh A. Hernlem, Bradley J. Anderton, Amy L. Lanzatella, Christina L. Tobias, Christian M. TI Dihaploid Stocks of Switchgrass Isolated by a Screening Approach SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Switchgrass; Cytogenetics; Perennial biofeedstocks; Dihaploids; Biomass; Renewable energy; Polyploidy ID CHLOROPLAST DNA POLYMORPHISMS; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; GENOME EVOLUTION; HAPLOIDS; MARKERS; DUPLICATION; RESISTANCE; HETEROSIS; SEQUENCES; PATHWAYS AB Manipulation of ploidy in switchgrass has potential to accelerate inbred production and to provide insight about genome structure through either sequencing or cytogenetic approaches. We have identified two dihaploid individuals isolated from among the progeny of a controlled cross between two individuals of the cultivars Alamo and Kanlow. The dihaploid lines were initially distinguished from the parental lines by their reduced heterozygosity and were subsequently confirmed through estimation of C values by flow cytometry and chromosome counts of metaphase root tip squash preparations. These plants are functionally sterile, with floral bracts that remain closed and inviable pollen. They can be easily distinguished from tetraploid individuals by their reduced stature, smaller epidermal cell size, and lower number of chloroplasts per guard cell. Aberrant meiosis in these individuals is evidenced by a lack of regular pairing at diakinesis and metaphase I and suggests that the non-homologous genomes are distinct from one another. The reduced genome size of these dihaploids will facilitate basic genome studies and genetic analyses that are impossible or problematic in polyploid accessions. C1 [Young, Hugh A.; Anderton, Amy L.; Lanzatella, Christina L.; Tobias, Christian M.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hernlem, Bradley J.] ARS, Produce Safety Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM christian.tobias@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; ARS [CRIS 9235-21000-013-00D]; National Program 213/307, Bioenergy FX Supported by a United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, headquarter-funded post-doctoral fellowship to HA Young and by ARS CRIS 9235-21000-013-00D, National Program 213/307, Bioenergy. The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. We wish to thank James Thompson and Gautam Sarath for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9081-7 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735QR UT WOS:000288432500001 ER PT J AU Digman, MF Shinners, KJ Muck, RE Dien, BS AF Digman, Matthew Francis Shinners, Kevin J. Muck, Richard E. Dien, Bruce S. TI Full-scale On-farm Pretreatment of Perennial Grasses with Dilute Acid for Fuel Ethanol Production SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pretreatment; Biomass storage; Energy crop; Perennial grass; Switchgrass; Reed canarygrass; Ethanol ID CORN STOVER; SILO DENSITIES; STORAGE; DEGRADATION; SILAGE AB Biorefineries that rely on lignocellulosic feedstocks require dependable and safe methods for storing biomass. Storing biomass wet in the presence of sulfuric acid and the absence of oxygen has been shown to preserve carbohydrates and enhance cellulose conversion but has not been demonstrated at farm-scale. To that end, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were pretreated with 18N sulfuric acid with two methods: during bagging (on-line) and thoroughly mixed in a commercial feed mixer (mixed) and both stored for 90 days. The two methods, applied at rates from 28 to 54 g(kg DM)(-1) not only helped to preserve biomass substrates under on-farm conditions (anaerobic, ambient temperature and pressure) through inhibition of microbial activity but also enhanced conversion of cellulose to ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acid-pretreated substrate yielded 19 and 7 percentage points higher ethanol conversion efficiencies than fresh reed canarygrass and switchgrass, respectively. The on-line method of pretreatment out-yielded the mixed method both as a preservative and as an agent for enhanced cell wall degradation. This result was thought to be an outcome of more uniform acid application as indicated by the on-line method's more consistent pH profile and decreased fermentation products, as compared to the mixed method. Although significant levels of acetate and lactate were present in the biomass following storage, concentrations were not sufficient to inhibit S. cerevisiae in SSFs with a 10% solids loading. C1 [Digman, Matthew Francis; Shinners, Kevin J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Digman, Matthew Francis; Muck, Richard E.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Digman, MF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM digman@wisc.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9092-4 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735QR UT WOS:000288432500005 ER PT J AU Hussain, A Tian, MY He, YR Bland, JM Gu, WX AF Hussain, Abid Tian, Ming-Yi He, Yu-Rong Bland, John M. Gu, Wen-Xiang TI Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki towards entomopathogenic fungal volatiles SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Fungal volatiles; HS-SPME; Repellency; Virulence; Workers ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; VIRULENCE; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; IDENTIFICATION; REPELLENCY; CULICIDAE AB Termites adjust their response to entomopathogenic fungi according to the profile of fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study demonstrates the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea (=Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) towards the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Using no-choice assays, M. anisopliae was found to be highly virulent (LT(50) 3.10 d) when compared to B. bassiana (LT(50) 6.62 d) and I. fumosorosea (LT(50) 12.39 d). Also using choice assays, the foraging behavior of C. formosanus was determined in the presence of pathogenic fungi. The highly pathogenic fungi (M. anisopliae) elicited a repellent response, causing most of the termites to forage in a safe zone farthest from the fungal source. This repellency resulted in relatively low mortality similar to the controls. The repellency of M. anisopliae conidia can be used to protect human belongings and timber from termites. While I. fumosorosea cultures were not repellent to C. formosanus workers, the termites were highly susceptible to infection. Electroantennographic responses of workers showed approximately 47% and 78% lower level of response to conidia of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea, respectively, as compared to M. anisopliae. The VOC profile of repellent cultures of M. anisopliae mainly consisted of paraffins (60.97%), while the major proportion of the I. fumosorosea profile consisted of branched and cyclic alkanes (84.41%). From the above findings, we conclude that the incorporation of I. fumosorosea may increase the control potential of bait. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hussain, Abid; Tian, Ming-Yi; He, Yu-Rong] S China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Bland, John M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Gu, Wen-Xiang] S China Agr Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Sci, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Hussain, A (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM solvia_aah@yahoo.com RI Hussain, Abid/A-5503-2014 OI Hussain, Abid/0000-0001-8210-6973 FU Chinese Scholarship Council; Ministry of Education, Pakistan FX The authors express their gratitude to Defend Yang and Lei Gao for their assistance in termite collection and counting. We take pleasure in acknowledging Dr. Guy Mercardier (European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA, ARS), for identifying the fungi. Research project was jointly financed by the Chinese Scholarship Council and the Ministry of Education, Pakistan. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.08.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 668IR UT WOS:000283262300003 ER PT J AU Seagraves, MP Lundgren, JG AF Seagraves, Michael P. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Oviposition response by Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to plant quality and prey availability SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Orius insidiosus; Reproduction; Oviposition; Biological control; Predator; Omnivory; Zoophytophagy ID HOST-SELECTION PRINCIPLE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENERALIST PREDATOR; NATURAL CONTROL; OMNIVOROUS BUG; SITE SELECTION; CORN-EARWORM; PREFERENCE; BEHAVIOR; EGGS AB The predator Orius insidiosus consumes a mixed diet of prey, vascular sap, and plant-based foods through its life. Plant species identity affects the oviposition behavior of O. insidiosus in that it prefers plants where newly hatched nymphs perform best, in the absence of prey. Choice tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine if the presence of a high-quality prey item (Lepidopteran eggs) affects oviposition choice in a monoculture and also how prey presence affects oviposition preference for plants of high (i.e., green bean, Phaseolus vulgaris) or low (soybean, Glycines max) suitability for O. insidiosus. O. insidiosus laid 56.4% more eggs on prey-free P. vulgaris than prey-free G. max. The presence of prey on P. vulgaris increased oviposition on those plants by 26.4% over that laid on prey-free P. vulgaris. When G. max with prey was presented alongside prey-free P. vulgaris, O. insidiosus still laid 55.4% more eggs on the latter. Prey availability affects oviposition on plants of equivalent quality, but plant suitability over-rides the importance of prey availability for this zoophytophagous insect. Phytophagy in young nymphs is important for their survival and we hypothesize that O. insidiosus females are better able to forecast plant quality than future prey populations as resources for their offspring. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Seagraves, Michael P.; Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Seagraves, MP (reprint author), Driscoll Strawberry Associates Inc, 151 Silliman Rd, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. EM michael.seagraves@driscolls.com NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 174 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.06.013 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 668IR UT WOS:000283262300004 ER PT J AU Kline, KL Coleman, MD AF Kline, Keith L. Coleman, Mark D. TI Woody energy crops in the southeastern United States: Two centuries of practitioner experience SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Short-rotation woody crops; Hardwood plantations; Productivity; Southern pine plantations; Commercial production costs; Bioenergy feedstocks ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS; GROWTH-RESPONSES; SWEETGUM; FERTILIZATION; EUCALYPTUS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PRODUCTIVITY; AGROFORESTRY; IRRIGATION; HARDWOODS AB Forest industry experts were consulted on the potential for hardwood tree species to serve as feedstock for bioenergy in the southeastern United States. Hardwoods are of interest for bioenergy because of desirable physical qualities, genetic research advances, and growth potential. Yet little data is available regarding potential productivity and costs. This paper describes required operations and provides a realistic estimate of the costs of producing bioenergy feedstock based on commercial experiences. Forestry practitioners reported that high productivity rates in southeastern hardwood plantations are confined to narrow site conditions or require costly inputs. Eastern cottonwood and American sycamore grow quickly on rich bottomlands, but are also prone to pests and disease. Sweetgum is frost hardy, has few pest or disease problems, and grows across a broad range of sites, yet growth rates are relatively low. Eucalypts require fewer inputs than do other species and offer high potential productivity but are limited by frost to the lower Coastal Plain and Florida. Further research is required to study naturally regenerated hardwood biomass resources. Loblolly pine has robust site requirements, growth rates rivaling hardwoods, and lower costs of production. More time and investment in silviculture, selection, and breeding will be needed to develop hardwoods as competitive biofuel feedstock species. Because of existing stands and fully developed operations, the forestry community considers loblolly pine to be a prime candidate for plantation bioenergy in the Southeast. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kline, Keith L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Coleman, Mark D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Kline, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM klinekl@ornl.gov; mcoleman@uidaho.edu OI Kline, Keith/0000-0003-2294-1170 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy with UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL's research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of the Biomass Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This paper synthesizes information from regional experts whose contributions were invaluable: Mike Cunningham, Andy Ezell, Bill Hammond, Munroe Jones, Mike Kane, Don Kaczmarek, Greg Leach, Jim Rakestraw, Nathan Ramsey, Daniel J. Robison, Don Rockwood, Randy Rousseau, and Steve Wann. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of colleagues Latha Baskaran, Mark Downing, Robin Graham, Robert Perlack and Lynn Wright of ORNL, along with Zia Hag and John Ferrell of the Department of Energy for supporting this research. We also appreciate the editorial support of Frederick M. O'Hara, Jr., and the comments and suggestions from Christopher Abernathy, Don Rockwood, Erin Wilkerson, and anonymous peer reviewers. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1655 EP 1666 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.05.005 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 691ZI UT WOS:000285120900004 ER PT J AU Cubbage, F Koesbandana, S Mac Donagh, P Rubilar, R Balmelli, G Olmos, VM De La Torre, R Murara, M Hoeflich, VA Kotze, H Gonzalez, R Carrero, O Frey, G Adams, T Turner, J Lord, R Huang, J MacIntyre, C McGinley, K Abt, R Phillips, R AF Cubbage, Frederick Koesbandana, Sadharga Mac Donagh, Patricio Rubilar, Rafael Balmelli, Gustavo Morales Olmos, Virginia De La Torre, Rafael Murara, Mauro Hoeflich, Vitor Afonso Kotze, Heynz Gonzalez, Ronalds Carrero, Omar Frey, Gregory Adams, Thomas Turner, James Lord, Roger Huang, Jin MacIntyre, Charles McGinley, Kathleen Abt, Robert Phillips, Richard TI Global timber investments, wood costs, regulation, and risk SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Forest plantations; Investment returns; Financial models; Risk; Pinus spp; Eucalyptus spp ID SOUTH-AMERICA; PLANTATIONS; FORESTRY AB We estimated financial returns and wood production costs in 2008 for the primary timber plantation species. Excluding land costs, returns for exotic plantations in almost all of South America Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, and Paraguay were substantial. Eucalyptus species returns were generally greater than those for Pinus species in each country, with most having Internal Rates of Return (IRRs) of 20% per year or more, as did teak. Pinus species in South America were generally closer to 15%, except in Argentina, where they were 20%. Ins were less, but still attractive for plantations of coniferous or deciduous species in China, South Africa, New Zealand, Indonesia, and the United States, ranging from 7% to 12%. Costs of wood production at the cost of capital of 8% per year were generally cheapest for countries with high rates of return and for pulpwood fiber production, which would favor vertically integrated firms in Latin America. But wood costs at stumpage market prices were much greater, making net wood costs for open market wood more similar among countries. In the Americas, Chile and Brazil had the most regulatory components of sustainable forest management, followed by Misiones, Argentina and Oregon in the U.S. New Zealand, the United States, and Chile had the best rankings regarding risk from political, commercial, war, or government actions and for the ease of doing business. Conversely, Venezuela, Indonesia, Colombia, and Argentina had high risk ratings, and Brazil, Indonesia, and Venezuela were ranked as more difficult countries for ease of business. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cubbage, Frederick; Koesbandana, Sadharga; Gonzalez, Ronalds; Carrero, Omar; MacIntyre, Charles; Abt, Robert; Phillips, Richard] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mac Donagh, Patricio] UNAM, RA-3380 Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina. [Rubilar, Rafael] Univ Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. [Balmelli, Gustavo] INIA, Tacuarembo, Uruguay. [Morales Olmos, Virginia] Weyerhaeuser Co, Melo, Uruguay. [De La Torre, Rafael] CellFor, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Murara, Mauro] Univ Contestado, BR-89400000 Porto Uniao, SC, Brazil. [Hoeflich, Vitor Afonso] Univ Fed Parana, BR-80210170 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Kotze, Heynz] Komatiland Forests Pty Ltd, ZA-1211 Nelspruit, South Africa. [Frey, Gregory] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Adams, Thomas; Turner, James] New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand. [Lord, Roger] Mason Bruce & Girard Inc, Portland, OR USA. [Huang, Jin] ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [McGinley, Kathleen] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27609 USA. RP Cubbage, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fredcubbage@yahoo.com OI Frey, Gregory/0000-0003-0538-0199 FU USDA Forest Service; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI); Southern Forest Resources Assessment Consortium (SOFAC); North Carolina State University Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; McIntire-Stennis funds FX Partial funding for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service and National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI); the Southern Forest Resources Assessment Consortium (SOFAC); North Carolina State University Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; McIntire-Stennis funds; as well time provided by the organizations that each co-author is employed by. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1667 EP 1678 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.05.008 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 691ZI UT WOS:000285120900005 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Bauer, PJ Ro, KS AF Cantrell, Keri B. Bauer, Philip J. Ro, Kyoung S. TI Utilization of summer legumes as bioenergy feedstocks SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Energy conversion; Thermogravimetric analysis; Thermal analysis; Crop production; Pyrolysis AB Sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea), is a fast growing, high biomass yielding tropical legume that may be a possible southeastern bioenergy crop. When comparing this legume to a commonly grown summer legume - cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), sunn hemp was superior in biomass yield (kg ha(-1)) and subsequent energy yield (GJ ha(-1)). In one year of the study after 12 weeks of growth, sunn hemp had 10.7 Mg ha(-1) of biomass with an energy content of 19.0 Mg ha(-1). This resulted in an energy yield of 204 GJ ha(-1). The energy content was 6% greater than that of cowpeas. Eventhough sunn hemp had a greater amount of ash, plant mineral concentrations were lower in some cases of minerals (K, Ca, Mg, S) known to reduce thermochemical conversion process efficiency. Pyrolytic degradation of both legumes revealed that sunn hemp began to degrade at higher temperatures as well as release greater amounts of volatile matter at a faster rate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cantrell, Keri B.; Bauer, Philip J.; Ro, Kyoung S.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St Florence, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1961 EP 1967 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.08.005 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 691ZI UT WOS:000285120900039 ER PT J AU Liu, H Zhu, JY AF Liu, Hao Zhu, J. Y. TI Eliminating inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by lignosulfonate in unwashed sulfite-pretreated aspen using metal salts SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Inhibitors; Pretreatment; Enzymatic saccharification/hydrolysis; Calcium ID CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; LODGEPOLE PINE; LIGNIN; LIGNOCELLULOSE; SURFACTANTS; SOFTWOOD; ENHANCE; SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION AB This study demonstrated the efficiency of Ca(II) and Mg(II) in removing inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by lignosulfonate through non-productive adsorption of enzymes. Adding 1 mmol/g cellulose of either metal salt restores approximately 65% of the activity lost when a pure cellulose/cellulase solution is spiked with lignosulfonate. Addition of either Ca(II) or Mg(II) is also effective in counteracting soluble inhibitors of cellulase present in unwashed aspen solid substrate produced by SPORL (sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses). Soluble inhibitors are often removed by thoroughly washing the lignocellulosic solid substrate following pretreatment. It was determined that adding 1 mmol of MgSO(4)/g substrate (oven dry) to the unwashed aspen substrate gave enzymatic substrate digestibility (SED) equivalent to that of washing for a range of enzyme loadings. These results demonstrate that applying divalent metal salts eliminates the need for washing, thereby saving considerable process water and cost for production of chemicals and biofuels from lignocellulose. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, Hao; Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Liu, Hao] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Liu, Hao; Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB) Program FX This work was supported by the US Forest Service through Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB) Program (2009). This program and the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) also provided financial support to Liu for his visiting appointment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. The authors acknowledge Professor Xinsheng Chai of the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, for suggestions on substrate washing and analysis of lignin removal through washing; Daniel Foster of US Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory for metal analysis in substrates; and Wenyuan Zhu, a visiting Ph.D student from South China University of Technology, for conducting SPORL of aspen wood chips. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 101 IS 23 BP 9120 EP 9127 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.035 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 654UV UT WOS:000282197200030 PM 20674338 ER PT J AU Aukema, JE McCullough, DG Von Holle, B Liebhold, AM Britton, K Frankel, SJ AF Aukema, Juliann E. McCullough, Deborah G. Von Holle, Betsy Liebhold, Andrew M. Britton, Kerry Frankel, Susan J. TI Historical Accumulation of Nonindigenous Forest Pests in the Continental United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasive pests; forest insects; forest pathogens; feeding guild; detection rates ID NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; TEMPORAL TRENDS; WOODY-PLANTS; ARTHROPODS; ECOSYSTEMS; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB Nonindigenous forest insects and pathogens affect a range of ecosystems, industries, and property owners in the United States Evaluating temporal patterns in the accumulation of these nonindigenous forest pests can inform regulatory and policy decisions We compiled a comprehensive species list to assess the accumulation rates of nonindigenous forest insects and pathogens established in the United States More than 450 nonindigenous insects and at least 16 pathogens have colonized forest and urban trees since European settlement Approximately 25 established nonindigenous forest insects per year were detected in the United States between 1860 and 2006 At least 14% of these insects and all 16 pathogens have caused notable damage to trees Although sap feeders and foliage feeders dominated the comprehensive list, phloem- and wood-boring insects and foliage feeders were often more damaging than expected Detections of insects that feed on phloem or wood have increased markedly in recent years C1 [Aukema, Juliann E.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Von Holle, Betsy] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Britton, Kerry] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA USA. [Frankel, Susan J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. RP Aukema, JE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX We are grateful to William J Mattson and David Langor for providing electronic copies of their lists of nonindigenous insect species Thanks to Joe Elkinton, Gary Parsons, Robert Rabaglia, and Nathan Havill, who contributed their expertise on specific insect groups, and to Amy Rossman, Bruce Moltzan, and Brenda Callan for consultations on invasive pathogens We thank Andrea Anulewicz, Ashley Conrad-Saydah, and Amelia Nuding for help in compiling the database Eckehard Brockerhoff and Frank Lowenstein participated in valuable discussions Sylvia Mori, Ann Von Holle, and Jim Regetz provided statistical assistance This project represents part of a larger effort to assess economic impacts of nonindigenous forest pests undertaken by a working group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) It was supported by The Nature Conservancy and the NCEAS, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the state of California NR 60 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 10 U2 76 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 11 BP 886 EP 897 DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.11.5 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 694VZ UT WOS:000285328400005 ER PT J AU Pu, JN Bechtel, PJ Sathivel, S AF Pu, Jianing Bechtel, Peter J. Sathivel, Subramaniam TI Extraction of shrimp astaxanthin with flaxseed oil: Effects on lipid oxidation and astaxanthin degradation rates SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; CRAWFISH WASTE; VEGETABLE-OILS; CAROTENOIDS; STABILITY; ANTIOXIDANTS; KINETICS; STORAGE; RECOVERY; PIGMENT AB Astaxanthin extracted from shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) byproducts using flaxseed oil (FO) was evaluated for the kinetics of lipid oxidation of FO containing astaxanthin (FOA) and astaxanthin degradation The FOA was analysed for astaxanthin content free fatty acids (FFA) peroxide value (PV) fatty acid methyl ester profiles (FA) and colour The amount of extractable astaxanthin in the shrimp byproducts was 483 mg 100 g(-1) of shrimp waste FOA and FO had similar alpha linolenic (ALA) content The FO was lighter and more yellow in colour than FOA The oxidation rate of FOA was lower than that of FO When FO and FOA were heated to 30 C, both oils exhibited minimal lipid oxidation with increasing heating time, whereas FO when heated to 40 50 and 60 C had a higher lipid oxidation rate than FOA with increasing heating time from 0 to 4 h Astaxanthin was an effective antioxidant agent in FO when it was heated from 40 to 60 C The degradation of astaxanthin in FOA could be described by first order reaction kinetics Astaxanthin was stable in FO at 30 and 40 C while significant increases in degradation were observed at 50 C and 60 C The rate of astaxanthin degradation in FOA was significantly influenced by temperature (C) 2010 IAgrE Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Pu, Jianing; Sathivel, Subramaniam] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 107 IS 4 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.10.001 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 692QX UT WOS:000285171300008 ER PT J AU McCouch, SR Zhao, KY Wright, M Tung, CW Ebana, K Thomson, M Reynolds, A Wang, D DeClerck, G Ali, ML McClung, A Eizenga, G Bustamante, C AF McCouch, Susan R. Zhao, Keyan Wright, Mark Tung, Chih-Wei Ebana, Kaworu Thomson, Michael Reynolds, Andy Wang, Diane DeClerck, Genevieve Ali, Md Liakat McClung, Anna Eizenga, Georgia Bustamante, Carlos TI Development of genome-wide SNP assays for rice SO BREEDING SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); rice (Oryza sativa L.); genotyping assay; next-generation sequencing; genetic variation; germplasm diversity; plant improvement ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; CONFERS SUBMERGENCE TOLERANCE; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; CROP IMPROVEMENT; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DRAFT SEQUENCE; GENE-CLUSTER AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant form of genetic variation in eukaryotic genomes. SNPs may be functionally responsible for specific traits or phenotypes, or they may be informative for tracing the evolutionary history of a species or the pedigree of a variety. As genetic markers, SNPs are rapidly replacing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) because they are more abundant, stable, amenable to automation, efficient, and increasingly cost-effective. The integration of high throughput SNP genotyping capability promises to accelerate genetic gain in a breeding program, but also imposes a series of economic, organizational and technical hurdles. To begin to address these challenges, SNP-based resources are being developed and made publicly available for broad application in rice research. These resources include large SNP datasets, tools for identifying informative SNPs for targeted applications, and a suite of custom-designed SNP assays for use in marker-assisted and genomic selection, association and QTL mapping, positional cloning, pedigree analysis, variety identification and seed purity testing. SNP resources also make it possible for breeders to more efficiently evaluate and utilize the wealth of natural variation that exists in both wild and cultivated germplasm with the aim of improving the productivity and sustainability of agriculture. C1 [McCouch, Susan R.; Wright, Mark; Tung, Chih-Wei; Wang, Diane; DeClerck, Genevieve] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Wright, Mark; Reynolds, Andy; Bustamante, Carlos] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Bustamante, Carlos] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ebana, Kaworu] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Thomson, Michael] Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. [Ali, Md Liakat] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [McClung, Anna; Eizenga, Georgia] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM srm4@cornell.edu OI TUNG, CHIH-WEI/0000-0001-5337-0177; Thomson, Michael/0000-0003-1868-6867 FU Rice SNP Consortium; NSF (PRGP) [0606461]; USDA (AFRI) [2009-65400-05698] FX We acknowledge financial support from contributors to the Rice SNP Consortium (see www.ricesnp.org), the NSF (PRGP award 0606461), and the USDA (AFRI award 2009-65400-05698). We are grateful to the USDA-NRI OryzaSNP project (PIs: Jan Leach, Hei Leung, Robin Buell) for providing early access to the Perlegen Sciences re-sequencing data (McNally et al. 2009) that facilitated the design of the 1536-SNP assay (Zhao et al. 2010), to Masahiro Yano for sharing Koshihikari re-sequencing data ahead of publication and to Affymetrix for hosting workshops at the Plant and Animal Genome Meetings in San Diego and the Rice Genetics Symposium in Manila during 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 that promoted critical discussion among members of the international rice research community and helped coordinate the development of SNP detection platforms for rice. NR 74 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 66 PU JAPANESE SOC BREEDING PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, GRADUATE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL LIFE SCIENCES, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-8657, JAPAN SN 1344-7610 EI 1347-3735 J9 BREEDING SCI JI Breed. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 5 SI SI BP 524 EP 535 DI 10.1270/jsbbs.60.524 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 730QW UT WOS:000288050200010 ER PT J AU Ammiraju, JSS Song, XA Luo, MZ Sisneros, N Angelova, A Kudrna, D Kim, H Yu, Y Goicoechea, JL Lorieux, M Kurata, N Brar, D Ware, D Jackson, S Wing, RA AF Ammiraju, Jetty S. S. Song, Xiang Luo, Meizhong Sisneros, Nicholas Angelova, Angelina Kudrna, David Kim, HyeRan Yu, Yeisoo Goicoechea, Jose Luis Lorieux, Mathias Kurata, Nori Brar, Darshan Ware, Doreen Jackson, Scott Wing, Rod A. TI The Oryza BAC resource: a genus-wide and genome scale tool for exploring rice genome evolution and leveraging useful genetic diversity from wild relatives SO BREEDING SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Oryza; BACs; OMAP ID DYNAMICS; SEQUENCE; REGIONS; MAP; PATTERNS; INSIGHTS; SYNTENY; YIELDS; SIZE; AA AB Rice was the first crop to have a high-quality reference genome sequence and is now at the forefront of intense functional and evolutionary research for two reasons-its central role in world food security, and its status as a model system for grasses. A thorough characterization of the rice genome cannot be accomplished without a deep understanding of its evolutionary history. The genus Oryza contains two cultivated and 22 wild rice species that represent 10 distinct genome types embedded within a robust phylogeny spanning a similar to 15 million year time span. The genus contains an untapped reservoir of agriculturally important traits and a historical record of genomic changes (especially those related to domestication, polyploidy, speciation and adaption). The two main objectives of the 'Oryza Map Alignment Project' (OMAP) were to functionally characterize the rice genome from a comparative standpoint and to provide essential tools to leverage the novel genetic diversity from wild relatives for rice improvement. The objective of this review is to summarize our efforts towards developing the most comprehensive genus-wide set of publicly available BAC resources for the genus Oryza, the first of its kind among plants (and perhaps higher eukaryotes), and their applications. C1 [Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Song, Xiang; Sisneros, Nicholas; Angelova, Angelina; Kudrna, David; Yu, Yeisoo; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Sch Plant Sci, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Luo, Meizhong] Huazhong Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Kim, HyeRan] Chungnam Natl Univ, Plant Genom Inst, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Lorieux, Mathias] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Agrobiodivers & Biotechnol Project, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Kurata, Nori] NIG, Mishima, Shizuoka 4118540, Japan. [Brar, Darshan] IRRI, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Los Banos 4031, Philippines. [Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, NAA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jackson, Scott] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wing, RA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Sch Plant Sci, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rwing@ag.arizona.edu RI song, xiang/A-2336-2012; OI Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU USA National Science Foundation [IOB-0208329, DBI-0321678]; Bud Antle Endowed Chair FX This work was supported by the USA National Science Foundation (Grants# IOB-0208329 and DBI-0321678 to R.A.W. and S.J.), the Bud Antle Endowed Chair (to R.A.W.). NR 47 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU JAPANESE SOC BREEDING PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, GRADUATE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL LIFE SCIENCES, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-8657, JAPAN SN 1344-7610 EI 1347-3735 J9 BREEDING SCI JI Breed. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 5 SI SI BP 536 EP 543 DI 10.1270/jsbbs.60.536 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 730QW UT WOS:000288050200011 ER PT J AU Michel, AP Zhang, W Mian, MAR AF Michel, A. P. Zhang, W. Mian, M. A. Rouf TI Genetic Diversity and Differentiation among Laboratory and Field Populations of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soybean aphid; Aphis glycines; microsatellites; genetic diversity ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CLONAL DIVERSITY; GOSSYPII GLOVER; NORTH-AMERICA; RESISTANCE; LINEAGES; DISTANCE; HOMOPTERA AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a recent invasive pest of soybean in North America. Currently, much research is focused on developing and characterizing soybean cultivars expressing host-plant resistance. During the initial phases of host-plant resistance screening, many of these studies use soybean aphid laboratory populations. Previous studies in other systems have documented substantial differences among laboratory and field populations. Whether or not this pattern exists in A. glycines is unknown, but it is extremely important when estimating the level of selection and virulence to host-plant resistant soybeans. In this study, we used seven microsatellite markers to estimate and compare genetic diversity and differentiation among five laboratory and 12 field populations. Our results indicate that soybean aphid laboratory populations are severely lacking in genotypic diversity and show extreme genetic differentiation among each other and to field populations. Continued use of laboratory populations for initial soybean aphid resistance screening could lead to erroneous estimations of the potential success for host-plant resistance. C1 [Michel, A. P.; Zhang, W.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Michel, AP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM michel.70@osu.edu RI Michel, Andrew/B-5329-2012 FU OARDC; Ohio State University; Ohio Soybean Council [OSC 08-2-08] FX The authors would like to thank Nelson Davila-Olivas and Nikhil Vasudeva for help with data generation. IL-L population was provided by C. Hill, the MI-L population was provided by C. DiFonzo and SD samples were provided by K. Tillmon. Field collected samples were sent by D. Ragsdale, J. Knodel, M. Rice, E. Lindroth, B. McCornack, E. Cullen, K. Steffey, M. Gardiner and T. Baute. We thank M. Elena and T. Joobeur at Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center at OARDC for technical support. Funding was provided by OARDC, The Ohio State University, and the Ohio Soybean Council (OSC 08-2-08). NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1017/S000748531000012X PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 677SN UT WOS:000284012200011 PM 20507673 ER PT J AU Schaible, GD Kim, CS Aillery, MP AF Schaible, Glenn D. Kim, C. S. Aillery, Marcel P. TI Dynamic Adjustment of Irrigation Technology/Water Management in Western U.S. Agriculture: Toward a Sustainable Future SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER MARKETS; UNITED-STATES; GROUNDWATER; CLIMATE; TECHNOLOGIES; ADAPTATION; BENEFITS; AMERICA; QUALITY AB L'evolution de la demande en eau que suscitent le changement climatique et l'essor du secteur des biocarburants dans l'Ouest americain devrait faire monter les pressions sur les mecanismes actuels d'allocation d'une ressource de plus en plus limitee, soulevant ainsi de l'incertitude quant a la viabilite de l'agriculture irriguee dans cette region. Dans le present article, nous avons tout d'abord presente la motivation politique pour examiner l'adoption soutenue, de la part des producteurs agricoles, de systemes de production irriguee axes sur l'economie de l'eau comme element permettant d'assurer un avenir durable pour l'agriculture irriguee. Nous avons ensuite resume les transitions historiques qui aident a definir les mesures a prendre pour accroitre la viabilite du secteur. Bien que l'agriculture irriguee dans l'Ouest americain soit sur la voie d'une viabilite accrue, les donnees disponibles autorisent a penser que l'objectif de la viabilite n'a pas ete pleinement atteint. Enfin, nous avons elabore un nouveau cadre conceptuel pour la gestion de l'eau souterraine qui endogenise le lien entre l'eau utilisee a l'acre et l'adoption d'une technologie fondee sur la superficie dans le cadre d'un modele d'optimisation dynamique normatif pour l'agriculture irriguee a partir des eaux souterraines. Le cadre conceptuel modelise les decisions d'adoption du producteur en presence d'incertitude tout en tenant compte de l'influence des technologies d'irrigation comme intrants quasi fixes, c'est-a-dire, l'influence de la fixite des actifs sur les decisions d'adoption du producteur. Dans ce modele, la production vegetale totale est fondee sur l'evapotranspiration d'eau d'irrigation tandis que l'aspect cout est fonde sur la quantite totale d'eau appliquee. C1 [Schaible, Glenn D.; Kim, C. S.; Aillery, Marcel P.] ERS, USDA, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Schaible, GD (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Resource & Rural Econ Div, 1800 M St NW,Rm S4048, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Schaible@ers.usda.gov; CKim@ers.usda.gov; MAillery@ers.usda.gov NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 SI SI BP 433 EP 461 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2010.01199.x PG 29 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 680YC UT WOS:000284272400003 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Benecke, CA Martin, TA Clark, A Peter, GF AF Gonzalez-Benecke, C. A. Martin, T. A. Clark, A., III Peter, G. F. TI Water availability and genetic effects on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; PLANTATION SILVICULTURE; HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY; MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; PLANTING DENSITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; GRAVITY; STIFFNESS; PROVENANCES AB We studied the effect of water availability on basal area growth and wood properties of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees from contrasting Florida (FL) (a mix of half-sib families) and South Carolina coastal plain (SC) (a single, half-sib family) genetic material. Increasing soil water availability via irrigation increased average whole-core specific gravity (SG) and latewood percentage (LW%) by 0.036 and 6.93%, respectively. Irrigation did not affect latewood SG or wood stiffness, but irrigated FL and SC trees had more latewood due to a 29 day longer growing season. Irrigation did not affect the length of corewood production, but irrigated trees had earlier transition ages, producing outerwood similar to 3 years before rainfed trees. The increase in whole-core SG and LW% was moderate because irrigation promoted earlywood growth in corewood formed before canopy closure, but after year 7, rain-fed and irrigated trees had similar earlywood growth but irrigated trees had more latewood growth, increasing ring SG and LW%. The SC half-sib family had higher SG and greater LW% than trees from FL independent of irrigation due to greater yearly latewood growth. Thus, absence of soil water stress extended seasonal diameter cessation date but did not change latewood SG or wood stiffness. C1 [Gonzalez-Benecke, C. A.; Martin, T. A.; Peter, G. F.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Clark, A., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Gonzalez-Benecke, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cgonzabe@ufl.edu OI Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU National Science Foundation [0344029]; Forest Biology Research Cooperative at the University of Florida; USDA Forest Service FX The authors thank International Paper, Inc. for access to the study site, Dr. Michael Kane and Mr. Mark Register for project assistance and maintenance of the irrigation treatment, and Mr. Cristobal Gonzalez for his help with V2 measurements. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, National Science Foundation award No. 0344029, and the Forest Biology Research Cooperative at the University of Florida. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2265 EP 2277 DI 10.1139/X10-162 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 697YO UT WOS:000285555900001 ER PT J AU Wallis, CM Reich, RW Lewis, KJ Huber, DPW AF Wallis, Christopher M. Reich, Richard W. Lewis, Kathy J. Huber, Dezene P. W. TI Lodgepole pine provenances differ in chemical defense capacities against foliage and stem diseases SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOTHISTROMA NEEDLE BLIGHT; SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; WESTERN GALL RUST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPHAEROPSIS-SAPINEA; NORWAY SPRUCE; PHENOLIC METABOLITES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Maximization of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) growth in a future climate with increased pest activity requires an understanding of the natural variability of quantitative resistance to disease. Foliar and bark secondary metabolites from different lodgepole pine provenances (populations) were quantified and correlated with severity of foliar diseases caused by Lophodermella spp. (Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker or Lophodermella montivaga Petre.) or Elytroderma deformans (Wier) Darker and bark diseases caused by Elytroderma or Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka. Greater foliar concentrations of lignin, tannins, and some phenolics were associated with increased resistance to single or multiple foliar pathogens. Bark secondary metabolites levels were generally unassociated with resistance to bark diseases. Provenances appearing to originate in ecosystems where lodgepole pine are not the dominant species generally were more susceptible to foliar diseases and had less foliar defense-associated compounds than trees from areas where pines were the dominant species, yet clear trends proved to be elusive. Regardless, pine provenances with greater foliar levels of identified defense-associated compounds should be preferred seed sources for replanting forests in areas in which foliar disease is expected to be increasingly prevalent. C1 [Wallis, Christopher M.; Lewis, Kathy J.; Huber, Dezene P. W.] Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Reich, Richard W.] British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Prince George, BC V2L 3H9, Canada. RP Wallis, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM christopher.wallis@ars.usda.gov RI Wallis, Christopher/E-6432-2011; OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 FU Forest Genetics Council of British Columbia, British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Northern British Columbia FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Enrico Bonello, Justin Whitehill, Nick Ukranitz, Amanda Harris, Quanji Wu, Allen Esler, Jack Woods, Alvin Yanchuk, Max Blouw, Jordan Bemmels, Siew Law, Alana Jung, Hayley Letchford, Rita Wagner, and the Prince George Tree Improvement Station to the execution of this work. This work was supported by the Forest Genetics Council of British Columbia, British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the University of Northern British Columbia. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2333 EP 2344 DI 10.1139/X10-178 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 697YO UT WOS:000285555900007 ER PT J AU Papaik, MJ Fall, A Sturtevant, B Kneeshaw, D Messier, C Fortin, MJ Simon, N AF Papaik, Michael J. Fall, Andrew Sturtevant, Brian Kneeshaw, Daniel Messier, Christian Fortin, Marie-Josee Simon, Neal TI Forest processes from stands to landscapes: exploring model forecast uncertainties using cross-scale model comparison SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; TREE COMPETITION; WESTERN LABRADOR; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; FIRE; DISTURBANCE AB Forest management practices conducted primarily at the stand scale result in simplified forests with regeneration problems and low structural and biological diversity. Landscape models have been used to help design management strategies to address these problems. However, there remains a great deal of uncertainty that the actual management practices result in the desired sustainable landscape structure. To investigate our ability to meet sustainable forest management goals across scales, we assessed how two models of forest dynamics, a scaled-up individual-tree model and a landscape model, simulate forest dynamics under three types of harvesting regimes: clearcut, gap, and uniform thinning. Althougth 50-100 year forecasts predicted average successional patterns that differed by less than 20% between models, understory dynamics of the landscape model were simplified relative to the scaled-up tree model, whereas successional patterns of the scaled-up tree model deviated from empirical studies on the driest and wettest landtypes. The scale dependencies of both models revealed important weaknesses when the models were used alone; however, when used together, they could provide a heuristic method that could improve our ability to design sustainable forest management practices. C1 [Papaik, Michael J.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Papaik, Michael J.; Kneeshaw, Daniel; Messier, Christian] Univ Quebec, CEF, Dept Sci Biol, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Fall, Andrew] Gowlland Technol Ltd, Victoria, BC V9E 2A3, Canada. [Fall, Andrew] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Sturtevant, Brian] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Simon, Neal] Newfoundland Dept Nat Resources, Goose Bay, NF A0P 1E0, Canada. RP Papaik, MJ (reprint author), Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. EM papaikm@comcast.net FU Sustainable Forest Management Network-NCE; CEF; University of Quebec at Montreal; IQAFF; US Forest Service; Gowland Technologies Ltd.; Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources; British Columbia Department of Forestry; University of Toronto; Dalhousie University; University of Helsinki FX This project (messiercimpl10) was funded by the Sustainable Forest Management Network-NCE and included the participation of these institutions: CEF, University of Quebec at Montreal, IQAFF, US Forest Service, Gowland Technologies Ltd., Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, British Columbia Department of Forestry, University of Toronto, Dalhousie University, and the University of Helsinki. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2345 EP 2359 DI 10.1139/X10-186 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 697YO UT WOS:000285555900008 ER PT J AU Antony, F Schimleck, LR Daniels, RF Clark, A Hall, DB AF Antony, F. Schimleck, L. R. Daniels, R. F. Clark, A., III Hall, D. B. TI Modeling the longitudinal variation in wood specific gravity of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in the United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE; JUVENILE AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is a major plantation species grown in the southern United States, producing wood having a multitude of uses including pulp and lumber production. Specific gravity (SG) is an important property used to measure the quality of wood produced, and it varies regionally and within the tree with height and radius. SG at different height levels was measured from 407 trees representing 135 plantations across the natural range of loblolly pine. A three-segment quadratic model and a semiparametric model were proposed to explain the vertical and regional variations in SG. Both models were in agreement that a stem can be divided into three segments based on the vertical variation in SG. Based on the fitted models, the mean trend in SG of trees from the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain and Gulf Coastal Plain was observed to be higher than in other physiographical regions (Upper Coastal Plain, Hilly Coastal Plain, northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, and Piedmont). Maps showing the regional variation in disk SG at a specified height were also developed. Maps indicated that the stands in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain and Gulf Coastal Plain have the highest SG at a given height level. C1 [Antony, F.; Schimleck, L. R.; Daniels, R. F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, A., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hall, D. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Antony, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fintoa@warnell.uga.edu FU Wood Quality Consortium at the University of Georgia FX The authors thank the Wood Quality Consortium at the University of Georgia for providing the funding and data for this study. The authors are indebted to USDA Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, for their invaluable help in collecting the data. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers and a CJFR Associate Editor for providing valuable comments on this manuscript. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2439 EP 2451 DI 10.1139/X10-187 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 697YO UT WOS:000285555900015 ER PT J AU Collins, BJ Rhoades, CC Underhill, J Hubbard, RM AF Collins, Byron J. Rhoades, Charles C. Underhill, Jeffery Hubbard, Robert M. TI Post-harvest seedling recruitment following mountain pine beetle infestation of Colorado lodgepole pine stands: a comparison using historic survey records SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS AB The extent and severity of overstory lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex Wats.) mortality from mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) has created management concerns associated with forest regeneration, wildfire risk, human safety, and scenic, wildlife, and watershed resources in western North America. Owing to the unprecedented nature of the outbreak and associated management in the southern Rocky Mountains, it is unknown if the forests that regenerate after this current period of extensive change will differ from those that regenerated in the past. Here, we compare the density and species composition of post-harvest seedling recruits in pre-outbreak (1980-1996) and outbreak stands (2002-2007). Lodgepole pine accounted for more than 95% of post-harvest seedling recruitment and the density of seedlings colonizing clearcuts was equal during both the pre-outbreak and outbreak periods. Compared with harvested areas, the density of tree regeneration was 75% lower in uncut forests and was more evenly distributed among subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) and lodgepole pine. This comparison provides evidence that the density of seedling recruitment will be at least as high after extensive pine beetle caused mortality as under healthy, pre-outbreak conditions and that the species composition of stands regenerating after this outbreak will differ between treated and untreated areas. C1 [Collins, Byron J.; Rhoades, Charles C.; Hubbard, Robert M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Underhill, Jeffery] US Forest Serv, Granby, CO 80446 USA. RP Collins, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bcollins@rams.colostate.edu RI Collins, Byron/G-2849-2011; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012 FU US Forest Service (Region 2); Colorado Forest Restoration Institute FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. We thank Clint Kyhl of the US Forest Service (Region 2) and the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute for supporting this work. The authors also thank Bill Romme for helpful comments and Laurie Porth and David Turner for statistical guidance. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2452 EP 2456 DI 10.1139/X10-172 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 697YO UT WOS:000285555900016 ER PT J AU Tang, E Hill, CB Hartman, GL AF Tang, E. Hill, C. B. Hartman, G. L. TI Carbon utilization profiles of Fusarium virguliforme isolates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium virguliforme; carbon utilization; Biolog FF microplate ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; SPORE GERMINATION; SOLANI; METABOLISM; MARKER; PLANTS; SOIL AB Fusarium virguliforme is the cause of sudden death syndrome in soybean. Physiological variability among isolates of the fungus is unknown. One way to measure physiologic variability is to analyze growth on different carbon sources. The carbon source utilization profiles of 18 F. virguliforme isolates were examined using the Biolog FF 96-well microplate, which contains 95 different carbon sources. The utilization of dextrin, D-mannitol, maltotriose, D-lactic acid methyl ester, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, salicin, D-trehalose, and L-alanine differed significantly among isolates ( P = 0.05). Carbon sources were grouped into 3 clusters based on their ability to promote growth of F. virguliforme, after calculating Euclidean distances among them. About 12% of the carbon sources promoted a high amount of mycelial growth, 39% promoted a medium amount of growth, and 49% promoted a low amount of mycelial growth; the latter was not significantly different from the water blank control. A hierarchical tree diagram was produced for the 18 isolates based on their carbon source utilization profiles using Ward's hierarchical analysis method. Two main clusters of isolates were formed. One cluster represented greater average mycelial growth on all of the carbon sources than the other cluster. In this study, variability in carbon source utilization among F. virguliforme isolates was evident, but the results were not associated with geographic origin of the isolates, year collected, or published data on aggressiveness. Additional research is needed to determine if these carbon utilization profiles are associated with other biological characteristics, like spore germination, propagule formation, and saprophytic competitiveness. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tang, E.; Hill, C. B.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu FU Illinois Soybean Association; North Central Soybean Research Program FX We would like to thank the Illinois Soybean Association and the North Central Soybean Research Program for their partial support. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 12 BP 979 EP 986 DI 10.1139/W10-085 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 697YP UT WOS:000285556000001 PM 21164567 ER PT J AU Zribi, K Mhadhbi, H Badri, Y Aouani, ME van Berkum, P AF Zribi, Kais Mhadhbi, Haythem Badri, Yazid Aouani, Mohamed Elarbi van Berkum, Peter TI Evidence that the exoH gene of Sinorhizobium meliloti does not appear to influence symbiotic effectiveness with Medicago truncatula 'Jemalong A17' SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multilocus sequence typing; exoH; Sinorhizobium meliloti TII7 and A5; Medicago truncatula 'Jemalong A17' ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NODULATING RHIZOBIA; TUNISIAN SOILS; N-2 FIXATION; LACINIATA; MODEL; SPECIFICITY AB The purpose of this study was to identify strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti that formed either an effective or completely ineffective symbiosis with Medicago truncatula L. 'Jemalong A17' and, subsequently, to determine whether differences existed between their exoH genes. Sinorhizobium meliloti TII7 and A5 formed an effective and ineffective symbiosis with M. truncatula 'Jemalong A17', respectively. Using a multilocus sequence typing method, both strains were shown to have chromosomes identical with S. meliloti Rm1021 and RCR2011. The 2260-bp segments of DNA stretching from the 3' end of exoI through open reading frames of hypothetical proteins SM_b20952 and SM_b20953 through exoH into the 5' end of exoK in strains TII7 and Rm1021 differed by a single nucleotide at base 127 of the hypothetical protein SM_b20953. However, the derived amino acid sequences of the exoH genes of effective TII7, ineffective A5, and strain Rm1021 were shown to be identical with each other. Therefore, it would seem unlikely that the gene product of exoH is directly involved with the low efficiency of a symbiosis of strain Rm1021 with M. truncatula 'Jemalong A17'. Complementation or complete genome sequence analyses involving strains TII7 and A5 might be useful approaches to investigate the molecular bases for the differential symbiotic response with M. truncatula 'Jemalong A17'. C1 [Zribi, Kais; Mhadhbi, Haythem; Badri, Yazid] Ctr Biotechnol, Lab Legumineuses, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia. [Aouani, Mohamed Elarbi] Natl Res Ctr, NEPAD N Africa Biosci Network, Cairo 12311, Egypt. [van Berkum, Peter] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zribi, K (reprint author), Ctr Biotechnol, Lab Legumineuses, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia. EM kais.zribi@cbbc.rnrt.tn RI Mhadhbi, Haythem/D-9726-2013; OI Mhadhbi, Haythem/0000-0003-0786-4269; Aouani, Mohamed Elarbi/0000-0001-9502-7203 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 12 BP 996 EP 1002 DI 10.1139/W10-086 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 697YP UT WOS:000285556000003 PM 21164569 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Will we allow soil carbon to feed our needs? SO CARBON MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Humans need many things, but unacknowledged by many of us are the intricately critical influences that soil with high organic carbon has on our life support system. Soil is as vital to human survival as air, water and the sun; its protection and enrichment with organic carbon are needed for the future sustainability of our planet. Curiously, the growing possibility of trading carbon in a global marketplace may actually help us to better appreciate the enormous value of soil carbon on how our world functions and how we have the influence to preserve and enhance critical ecosystem functions or continue to degrade them with reckless abandonment. With the expected rise in human population and the need for even more food to be produced on already stressed landscapes, widespread adoption of conservation agricultural systems is necessary to build a more resilient global food production system that can also help to mitigate climate change and improve our relationship with nature. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-3004 J9 CARBON MANAG JI Carbon Manag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.4155/CMT.10.25 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V28YZ UT WOS:000208717400012 ER PT J AU Spokas, KA AF Spokas, Kurt A. TI Review of the stability of biochar in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios SO CARBON MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID BLACK CARBON BIOCHAR; LOW-RANK-COAL; ORGANIC-MATTER; FAST PYROLYSIS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS; BIOMASS CONVERSION; GRAPHITE FORMATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB Biochar is not a structured homogeneous material; rather it possesses a range of chemical structures and a heterogeneous elemental composition. This variability is based on the conditions of pyrolysis and the biomass parent material, with biochar spanning the range of various forms of black carbon. Thereby, this variability induces a broad spectrum in the observed rates of reactivity and, correspondingly, the overall chemical and microbial stability. From evaluating the current biochar and black carbon degradation studies, there is the suggestion of an overall relationship in biochar stability as a function of the molar ratio of oxygen to carbon (O:C) in the resulting black carbon. In general, a molar ratio of O:C lower than 0.2 appears to provide, at minimum, a 1000-year biochar half-life. The O:C ratio is a function of production temperature, but also accounts for other impacts (e.g., parent material and post-production conditioning/oxidation) that are not captured solely with production temperature. Therefore, the O:C ratio could provide a more robust indicator of biochar stability than production parameters (e.g., pyrolysis temperature and biomass type) or volatile matter determinations. C1 ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Spokas, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 136 TC 200 Z9 212 U1 24 U2 202 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1758-3004 EI 1758-3012 J9 CARBON MANAG JI Carbon Manag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 289 EP 303 DI 10.4155/CMT.10.32 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V28YZ UT WOS:000208717400016 ER PT J AU Han, SS Norimine, J Brayton, KA Palmer, GH Scoles, GA Brown, WC AF Han, Sushan Norimine, Junzo Brayton, Kelly A. Palmer, Guy H. Scoles, Glen A. Brown, Wendy C. TI Anaplasma marginale Infection with Persistent High-Load Bacteremia Induces a Dysfunctional Memory CD4(+) T Lymphocyte Response but Sustained High IgG Titers SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; GENE CONVERSION; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTION; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CELLS; EPITOPES; CATTLE; TICK AB Control of blood-borne infections is dependent on antigen-specific effector and memory T cells and high-affinity IgG responses. In chronic infections characterized by a high antigen load, it has been shown that antigen-specific T and B cells are vulnerable to downregulation and apoptosis. Anaplasma marginale is a persistent infection of cattle characterized by acute and chronic high-load bacteremia. We previously showed that CD4(+) T cells primed by immunization with an A. marginale outer membrane protein were rapidly deleted following infection. Furthermore, peripheral blood T cell responses to bacteria were not observed after acute infection was controlled, suggesting dysfunctional T cell priming to other A. marginale antigens. The current study more closely investigated the kinetics of A. marginale-specific CD4(+) T cell responses primed during infection. Frequent sampling of peripheral blood and spleens revealed that antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses were first detected at 5 to 7 weeks, but the responses were sporadic and transient thereafter. A similar pattern was observed in animals sampled weekly for nearly 1 year. Paradoxically, by 2 weeks of infection, cattle had developed high titers of A. marginale-specific IgG, which remained high throughout persistent infection. This dysfunctional CD4(+) T cell response to infection is consistent with continual downregulation or deletion of newly primed effector T cells, similar to what was observed for immunization-induced T cells following A. marginale infection. The failure to establish a strong memory T cell response during A. marginale infection likely contributes to bacterial persistence. C1 [Han, Sushan; Norimine, Junzo; Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.; Scoles, Glen A.; Brown, Wendy C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.; Brown, Wendy C.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brown, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wbrown@vetmed.wsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01-AI44005, R01-AI053692, T32-AI07025-30]; United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65119-20456] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, grants R01-AI44005, R01-AI053692, and T32-AI07025-30 and United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant 2010-65119-20456. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1881 EP 1890 DI 10.1128/CVI.00257-10 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 686HC UT WOS:000284686400008 PM 20943884 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Hennager, SG AF Olsen, S. C. Hennager, S. G. TI Immune Responses and Protection against Experimental Brucella suis Biovar 1 Challenge in Nonvaccinated or B. abortus Strain RB51-Vaccinated Cattle SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; RB51 AB Twenty Hereford heifers approximately 9 months of age were vaccinated with saline (control) or 2 x 10(10) CFU of the Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine. Immunologic responses after inoculation demonstrated significantly greater (P < 0.05) antibody and proliferative responses to RB51 antigens in cattle vaccinated with RB51 than in the controls. Pregnant cattle received a conjunctival challenge at approximately 6 months of gestation with 10(7) CFU of B. suis bv. 1 strains isolated from naturally infected cattle. The fluorescence polarization assay and the buffered acid plate agglutination test had the highest sensitivities in detecting B. suis-infected cattle between 2 and 12 weeks after experimental infection. Serologic responses and lymphocyte proliferative responses to B. suis antigens did not differ between control and RB51 vaccinees after experimental infection. No abortions occurred in cattle in either treatment group after challenge, although there appeared to be an increased incidence of retained placenta after parturition in both the control and the RB51 vaccination treatment groups. Our data suggest that the mammary gland is a preferred site for B. suis localization in cattle. Vaccination with RB51 did not reduce B. suis infection rates in maternal or fetal tissues. In conclusion, although B. suis is unlikely to cause abortions and fetal losses in cattle, our data suggest that RB51 vaccination will not protect cattle against B. suis infection after exposure. C1 [Olsen, S. C.] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Hennager, S. G.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Daytona Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM steven.olsen@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1891 EP 1895 DI 10.1128/CVI.00326-10 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 686HC UT WOS:000284686400009 PM 20943881 ER PT J AU Yan, L DeMars, LC AF Yan, Lin DeMars, Lana C. TI Effects of dietary fat on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice SO CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS LA English DT Article DE Dietary fat; Lewis lung carcinoma; Spontaneous metastasis; Mice ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; BREAST-CANCER PATIENTS; BODY-MASS INDEX; TISSUE INHIBITOR; PROSTATE-CANCER; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MAMMARY-CARCINOMA; IN-VITRO; OBESITY AB The present study assessed the effects of dietary fat on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Three-week old male C57BL/6 mice were fed the AIN-93G diet or a 45% fat diet (% kcal.) for 7 weeks before they were subcutaneously injected with 2.5 x 10(5) viable carcinoma cells. The primary tumor was resected 2 weeks later, and mice were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 2 weeks. The high-fat diet significantly increased body weight and abdominal adipose weight compared to the AIN-93G diet. Feeding mice the 45% fat diet resulted in a two-fold increase in the number of lung metastases (P < 0.05), a 35% increase in tumor cross-sectional area, and a 50% increase in tumor volume compared to mice fed the AIN-93G diet. There were no differences in plasma concentrations of TIMP-1, IL-1 beta, VEGF and MCP-1 in non-tumor-bearing mice fed the AIN-93G diet or the high-fat diet, but significant increases in these cytokines in tumor-bearing mice fed the AIN-93G diet compared to the non-tumor-bearing mice fed the same diet (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Further significant increases in these cytokines in tumor-bearing mice fed the 45% fat diet compared to the same tumor-bearing mice fed the AIN-93G diet (P < 0.05 for each comparison). The high-fat diet significantly increased plasma leptin and significantly decreased plasma adiponectin compared to the AIN-93G diet in both non-tumor-bearing and tumor-bearing mice. Results of the present study demonstrated that the high-fat diet enhanced spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice and that this aggressiveness was accompanied with significant increases in plasma concentrations of angiogenic cytokines, suggesting that dietary fat affects metastasis by promoting angiogenic processes. C1 [Yan, Lin; DeMars, Lana C.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lin.yan@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS [5450-51000-036-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Thad Rosenberger, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, for quantifying fatty acid content and composition of the vegetable shortening, and the assistance of the following staff of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center: James Linlauf for preparing the experimental diets, Kay Keehr for technical supports, LuAnn Johnson for assistance in statistical analysis and vivarium staff for providing high quality animal care. Supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Research project 5450-51000-036-00D. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-0898 J9 CLIN EXP METASTAS JI Clin. Exp. Metastasis PD DEC PY 2010 VL 27 IS 8 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s10585-010-9347-7 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 693RJ UT WOS:000285242800004 PM 20697780 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP Angel, R AF Richards, Mark P. Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika Rosebrough, Robert W. McMurtry, John P. Angel, Roselina TI Effects of early neonatal development and delayed feeding immediately post-hatch on the hepatic lipogenic program in broiler chicks SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feeding; Lipogenesis; Lipid metabolism; Liver; Gene expression; Microarray; Early post-hatch development; Broiler chicken ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; NEWLY-HATCHED CHICKS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AB The embryo to neonate transition is a critical period of development that has significant impact on broiler production. During this time important genetic programs governing metabolism and growth are established. The goal of this work was to study the effects of early post-hatch (PH) development and the time of initiation of feeding on activation of the genetic program regulating hepatic lipogenesis. A comparison of liver total RNA samples at hatch and 7 days PH was performed using oligonucleotide-based (Affymetrix GeneChip (R)) chicken genome microarrays. During the first week PH there was significant up-regulation of key lipogenic genes including: ATP citrate lyase (ACL), malic enzyme (ME), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC alpha), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 alpha (Spot 14 alpha) among others. These findings were confirmed using gene-specific RT-PCR assays. In a follow-up study, we investigated the effects of withholding feed for the first 48 h PH (delayed feeding, DF) on lipogenic gene expression through 8 days PH. Body weight gain was significantly depressed by DF. Plasma levels of the major metabolic hormones that regulate lipogenic gene expression (insulin, glucagon and T-3) changed significantly during PH development, but were largely unaffected by DF. Plasma glucose was significantly lower in the DF group at 24 h PH but recovered thereafter. In general, DF inhibited the up-regulation of lipogenic genes until feeding was initiated. Delayed up-regulation was also observed for the lipogenic transcription factor genes, SREBP-1, SREBP-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), but not for carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREB) or liver X receptor (LXR). Our results offer additional insight into the transcriptional programming of hepatic lipogenesis in response to the transition from high fat (yolk) to high carbohydrate (feed) nutrition that occurs during early PH development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Richards, Mark P.; Rosebrough, Robert W.; McMurtry, John P.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika; Angel, Roselina] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Rm 206,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Richards@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 4 BP 374 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.08.007 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 682ZP UT WOS:000284441800008 PM 20817117 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Elpidina, EN Toutges, M Mazumdar-Leighton, S AF Oppert, Brenda Elpidina, Elena N. Toutges, Michelle Mazumdar-Leighton, Sue TI Microarray analysis reveals strategies of Tribolium castaneum larvae to compensate for cysteine and serine protease inhibitors SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Dietary compensation; Insect control; Insect midgut physiology; Tribolium castaneum; Tenebrionids; Microarray; Protease inhibitors ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR L; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; YELLOW MEALWORM; COLEOPTERA; ORGANIZATION; SPECIFICITY; GROWTH; MIDGUT AB The transcriptome response of Tribolium castaneum larvae to dietary protease inhibitors was evaluated by whole-genome microarray analysis. RNA was isolated from guts of larvae fed control diet (no inhibitor), or diets containing 0.1% E-64 (cysteine protease inhibitor), 5.0% soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI, serine protease inhibitor), or a combination of 0.1% E-64 and 5.0% STI. Data were analyzed by pairwise analysis, in which each inhibitor treatment group was compared to control, or ANOVA of all treatment groups. In pairwise analysis, the expression of only 253 genes was significantly altered (p < 0.05) in response to STI treatment, whereas E-64 and combination treatments resulted in 1574 and 1584 differentially regulated genes. The data indicate that treatments containing E-64, whether alone or in combination, significantly impacts gene expression in T. castaneum larvae. ANOVA analysis revealed 2175 genes differentially expressed in inhibitor-treated larvae compared to control (p < 0.05), including genes related to proteases that were mostly up-regulated, namely cathepsins B and I, chymotrypsins, and nonproteolytic cysteine cathepsin or serine protease homologs. Inhibitor treatments induced the differential expression of other gut-related genes, as well as genes encoding proteins of unknown function. These data suggest that T. castaneum larvae compensate for dietary cysteine protease inhibitors by altering large-scale gene expression patterns. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oppert, Brenda; Toutges, Michelle] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Elpidina, Elena N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Mazumdar-Leighton, Sue] Univ Delhi, Dept Bot, Delhi 110007, India. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.08.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 707RJ UT WOS:000286303400005 PM 20855237 ER PT J AU Lee, KW Lillehoj, HS Jang, SI Li, GX Lee, SH Lillehoj, EP Siragusa, GR AF Lee, Kyung-Woo Lillehoj, Hyun S. Jang, Seung I. Li, Guangxing Lee, Sung-Hyen Lillehoj, Erik P. Siragusa, Gregory R. TI Effect of Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials on Eimeria maxima infection in broiler chickens SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Coccidiosis; Direct-fed microbials; Eimeria maxima; Broiler chicken; Immunomodulation AB The effect of dietary Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFMs; eight single strains designated as Bs2084, LSSAO1, 3AP4, Bs18, 15AP4, 22CP1, Bs27, and Bs278, and one multiple-strain DFM product [AVICORR (TM)]) on growth performance, intestinal lesions, and innate and acquired immunities were evaluated in broiler chickens following Eimeria maxima (EM) infection. EM-induced reduction of body weight gain and intestinal lesions were significantly decreased by addition of 15AP4 or Bs27 into broiler diets compared with EM-infected control birds. Serum nitric oxide levels were increased in infected chickens fed with Bs27, but lowered in those given Bs2084, LSSAO1, 3AP4 or 15AP4 compared with the infected controls. Recombinant coccidial antigen (3-1E)-stimulated spleen cell proliferation was increased in chickens given Bs27, 15AP4, LSSAO1, 3AP4, or Bs18, compared with the infected controls. Finally, all experimental diets increased concanavalin A-induced splenocyte mitogenesis in infected broilers compared with the nonsupplemented and infected controls. In summary, dietary Bacillus subtilis-based DFMs reduced the clinical signs of experimental avian coccidiosis and increased various parameters of immunity in broiler chickens in a strain-dependent manner. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Kyung-Woo; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Jang, Seung I.; Li, Guangxing; Lee, Sung-Hyen] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Siragusa, Gregory R.] Danisco, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Danisco/Agtech; ARS in-house project [1265-32000-086-00D] FX This project was supported by a Trust agreement established between ARS-USDA and Danisco/Agtech, and partially by ARS in-house project 1265-32000-086-00D. We thank Marjorie Nichols and Stacy Torreyson for technical help with animal studies. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 EI 1878-1667 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP E105 EP E110 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2010.06.001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA V40AI UT WOS:000209451100014 PM 20621358 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Russo, R Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Russo, Riccardo Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Identification of in vitro upregulated genes in a modified live vaccine strain of Edwardsiella ictaluri compared to a virulent parent strain SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Edwardsiella ictaluri; Subtractive hybridization; Virulence; Immunity; Vaccine AB Using PCR-select subtractive cDNA hybridization technique, 41 in vitro expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were isolated from a modified live vaccine strain (AQUAVAC-ESC(R), formerly RE-33) vs a virulent parent strain (EILO) of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Transcriptional levels of the 41 in vitro ESTs in the vaccine strain and the virulent strain were then evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The qPCR results revealed that 33 ESTs were consistently upregulated at least 3-fold in the modified live vaccine strain compared to the virulent parent strain. Of the 33 upregulated ESTs, 11 were upregulated greater than 5-fold. The 41 ESTs were found to be homologues of genes involved in protective immunity (22%), adhesion (7%), cell growth and survival (20%), signaling (7%), metabolism (5%), and transcriptional regulation (5%). However, putative functions of 20% of the genes identified are currently unknown. Putative roles of some of the in vitro upregulated genes in protective immunity induced by the vaccine strain are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Russo, Riccardo; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS project [6420-32000-020-00D] FX We thank Dr. Dehai Xu (USDA-ARS) and Dr. Hongzhuan Wu (Alabama State University) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Stacey A. LaFrentz and Paige Mumma (USDA-ARS) for their excellent technical support. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-020-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 EI 1878-1667 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP E31 EP E40 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2009.10.009 PG 10 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA V40AI UT WOS:000209451100005 PM 20034669 ER PT J AU Schumaker, BA Corso, BA Rhyan, JC Philo, LM Salman, MD Gardner, IA AF Schumaker, Brant A. Corso, Barbara A. Rhyan, Jack C. Philo, L. Michael Salman, Mo D. Gardner, Ian A. TI Evaluation of the fluorescence polarization assay for the detection of Brucella abortus antibodies in bison in a natural setting SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus; Fluorescence polarization assay; Bison; Bison bison; Diagnostic test evaluation; Greater Yellowstone Area AB Bison and elk in the greater Yellowstone area are the last-known reservoir of Brucella abortus in the United States. Diagnosis of brucellosis is challenging as there is no perfect reference test. The objectives of this study were to estimate the accuracy of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for the screening of B. abortus antibodies in bison in a natural setting. Serum and tissue samples were collected and analyzed from the known brucellosis-infected bison herd in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Additionally, serum samples from privately owned bison were serologically tested for brucellosis. While the FPA and five other tests had perfect sensitivity, all tests had substantially lower specificity in the YNP herd. However, a Bayesian analysis showed that as many as 59-74% of the culture-negative animals were most-likely truly infected. A decision-tree analysis showed that the expected cost of FPA testing was comparable to the cost of other serologic tests. The FPA was shown to be highly sensitive but may not be able to differentiate culture-positive and culture-negative animals. There is a need for long-term longitudinal studies to estimate diagnostic accuracy of tests for B. abortus in bison. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schumaker, Brant A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, CADMS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Corso, Barbara A.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Corso, Barbara A.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rhyan, Jack C.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Philo, L. Michael] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Boston, MA USA. [Salman, Mo D.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gardner, Ian A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schumaker, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, CADMS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM theschu@ucdavis.edu FU Colorado State University's Program of Economically Important Infectious Animal Diseases - USDA:NIFA; FAZD Center of Excellence - Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Office of University Programs FX The authors thank Alice Boughton at the Montana Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Steve Hennager at the National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for technical assistance and Dr. David Hunter for obtaining sera for this study. Partial funding for this study was through the Colorado State University's Program of Economically Important Infectious Animal Diseases funded by a special grant from USDA:NIFA. This project was also partially funded through the FAZD Center of Excellence, by a grant from the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Office of University Programs. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 EI 1878-1667 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP E119 EP E125 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2010.07.001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA V40AI UT WOS:000209451100016 PM 20727591 ER PT J AU Carroll, C Johnson, DS Dunk, JR Zielinski, WJ AF Carroll, Carlos Johnson, Devin S. Dunk, Jeffrey R. Zielinski, William J. TI Hierarchical Bayesian Spatial Models for Multispecies Conservation Planning and Monitoring SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conditional autoregressive; focal species; hierarchical Bayesian model; Martes pennanti; Northwest Forest Plan; spatial autocorrelation; spatial autoregressive model; spatial dependence; species distribution model; autocorrelacion espacial; autoregresivo condicional; dependencia espacial; especie focal; Martes pennanti; modelo autoregresivo espacial; modelo bayesiano jerarquico; modelo de distribucion de especies; Plan Forestal Noroccidental ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; AUTOCORRELATION; REGRESSION; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY; FISHER; REGION; RARE AB Biologists who develop and apply habitat models are often familiar with the statistical challenges posed by their data's spatial structure but are unsure of whether the use of complex spatial models will increase the utility of model results in planning. We compared the relative performance of nonspatial and hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for three vertebrate and invertebrate taxa of conservation concern (Church's sideband snails [Monadenia churchi], red tree voles [Arborimus longicaudus], and Pacific fishers [Martes pennanti pacifica]) that provide examples of a range of distributional extents and dispersal abilities. We used presence-absence data derived from regional monitoring programs to develop models with both landscape and site-level environmental covariates. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and a conditional autoregressive or intrinsic conditional autoregressive model framework to fit spatial models. The fit of Bayesian spatial models was between 35 and 55% better than the fit of nonspatial analogue models. Bayesian spatial models outperformed analogous models developed with maximum entropy (Maxent) methods. Although the best spatial and nonspatial models included similar environmental variables, spatial models provided estimates of residual spatial effects that suggested how ecological processes might structure distribution patterns. Spatial models built from presence-absence data improved fit most for localized endemic species with ranges constrained by poorly known biogeographic factors and for widely distributed species suspected to be strongly affected by unmeasured environmental variables or population processes. By treating spatial effects as a variable of interest rather than a nuisance, hierarchical Bayesian spatial models, especially when they are based on a common broad-scale spatial lattice (here the national Forest Inventory and Analysis grid of 24 km2 hexagons), can increase the relevance of habitat models to multispecies conservation planning. C1 [Carroll, Carlos] Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dunk, Jeffrey R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dunk, Jeffrey R.; Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Carroll, C (reprint author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. EM carlos@klamathconservation.org FU U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service; The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, Pacific Northwest Region FX We thank the many biologists who assisted in collection of species distribution data. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, Pacific Northwest Region Survey and Manage Program, and the U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding for the surveys. T. Martin and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1538 EP 1548 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01528.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679PH UT WOS:000284172800013 PM 20497204 ER PT J AU Brinkman, TJ Person, DK Schwartz, MK Pilgrim, KL Colson, KE Hundertmark, KJ AF Brinkman, Todd J. Person, David K. Schwartz, Michael K. Pilgrim, Kristine L. Colson, Kevin E. Hundertmark, Kris J. TI Individual identification of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) using DNA from fecal pellets SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; DNA; Feces; Microsatellites; Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis; Sitka black-tailed deer ID SEX IDENTIFICATION; MICROSATELLITES; MARKERS; SAMPLES; CATTLE; FECES; LOCI AB We tested a protocol for extracting DNA from fecal pellets from Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) and evaluated genotyping performance of previously developed microsatellite markers as well as a suite of new markers designed specifically for this study. We screened 30 microsatellites, and identified 7 (23%) loci including 4 new markers, that fit well into a single multiplex and consistently genotyped deer with low error rates. DNA was extracted from 2,408 fecal-pellet samples. Of those, 1,240 (52%) were genotyped successfully at all 7 markers allowing identification of 634 genetically unique deer. Using DNA from fecal pellets collected in the field was an effective technique for identifying and distinguishing among deer. C1 [Brinkman, Todd J.; Colson, Kevin E.; Hundertmark, Kris J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Person, David K.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.; Pilgrim, Kristine L.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Brinkman, TJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 311 Irving I, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tjbrinkman@alaska.edu RI Brinkman, Todd/B-3578-2013; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU NSF-IGERT [0114423]; NSF [0423442]; USDA Forest Service [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks FX Funding was provided the Resilience and Adaptation Program (NSF-IGERT grant 0114423), the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research program (NSF grant 0423442 and USDA Forest Service grant PNW01-JV11261952-231; and the Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9176-7 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000025 ER PT J AU Coombs, JA Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Coombs, J. A. Letcher, B. H. Nislow, K. H. TI PedAgree: software to quantify error and assess accuracy and congruence for genetically reconstructed pedigree relationships SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Parentage assignment; Sibship reconstruction; Pedigree; Genetics; Accuracy; Congruence ID COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PARENTAL ALLOCATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PATERNITY; MARKERS; WILD; ASSIGNMENT; INFERENCE; FITNESS; GROWTH AB PedAgree is software for rapid comparison of genetically reconstructed pedigrees (RP's). Its two primary functions are (1) to assess accuracy of a RP by comparing it to a known pedigree, and (2) to measure congruence between two RP's. The accuracy function is used to assist in determining confidence for a RP. The congruence function is used to determine the level of agreement between two RP's. This function determines which links within the RP's are identical, and thus more likely to be correct. Congruence assessment between RP's generated by sibship reconstruction (SR) and parentage assignment (PA) programs allows for implementation of the sibship constraint method. This method has been shown to increase assigned parentage accuracy by up to 53%, and to be robust to dataset characteristics that reduce conventional PA accuracies. PedAgree can compare output produced by seven SR and twelve PA programs, and is freely available for download at https://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/pedigreesoftware/. C1 [Coombs, J. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coombs, JA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 201 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jcoombs@cns.umass.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9202-9 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000033 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Sichel, RJ Stone, DS AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Sichel, Rebecca J. Stone, Donald S. TI Exposure testing; of fasteners in preservative treated wood: Gravimetric corrosion rates and corrosion product analyses SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Steel; Zinc; Preservative treated wood; Timber; X-ray diffraction (XRD); Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ID ZINC-BASED MATERIALS; CCA AB Research was conducted to determine the corrosion rates of metals in preservative treated wood and also understand the mechanism of metal corrosion in treated wood. Steel and hot-dip galvanized steel fasteners were embedded in wood treated with one of six preservative treatments and exposed to 27 degrees C at 100% relative humidity for 1 year. The corrosion rate was determined gravimetrically and the corrosion products were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Although the accepted mechanism of corrosion in treated wood involves the reduction of cupric ions from the wood preservative, no reduced copper was found on the corrosion surfaces. The galvanized corrosion products contained sulfates, whereas the steel corrosion products consisted of iron oxides and hydroxides. The possible implications and limitations of this research on fasteners used in building applications are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Stone, Donald S.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 FU Federal Highway Administration FX This work was funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration under the Cooperative Research Program for Covered Bridges. The authors thank Forest Products Laboratory staff Thomas A. Kuster and Daniel O. Foster for their assistance with the SEM and ICP-AES, respectively. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3943 EP 3948 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.08.014 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 677AL UT WOS:000283961400013 ER PT J AU Krugner, R AF Krugner, Rodrigo TI Differential reproductive maturity between geographically separated populations of Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) in California SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Biotype; Reproductive biology; Glassy-winged sharpshooter; Xylella fastidiosa; Invasive species ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; ALMOND LEAF SCORCH; COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; BEMISIA-TABACI; GONATOCERUS-TRIGUTTATUS; GIRAULT HYMENOPTERA; PIERCES-DISEASE; SPECIES COMPLEX; CAUSAL AGENT AB The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is native to the southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico. It was detected in southern California in the late 1980s and in the San Joaquin Valley in 1999, where it transmits the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines and other crops. The reproductive success of hybrid and pure line H. vitripennis from two geographically separated populations in California (Riverside (RIV) and Bakersfield (BAK)) was evaluated under identical conditions. The RIV and BAK populations had different preoviposition periods that persisted through the second generation of each lineage. From adult molt, the preoviposition period in both female generations was significantly shorter for RIV (F(0) = 28.2 days and F(1) = 62.3 days) than BAK females (F(0) = 46.1 days and F(1) = 170.4 days). After a 21-day mating period, F(0) and F(1) females deposited on average 391 (range, 21 967) and 196 (range, 0-755) eggs, respectively, without significant differences in fecundity among the F(0) and F(1) mating pair treatments. Egg accumulation rates among F(1) treatments showed that females in the RIV groups rapidly deposited their eggs within the first 120 days after adult molt while BAK females maintained a steady accumulation rate during their life. The performance of both hybrid lines was intermediate between the pure lineages. The F(0) mating pairs: female RIV x male RIV, female RIV x male BAK, female BAK x male RIV, and female BAK x male BAK produced on average 185, 94, 79, and 0 viable eggs, respectively, which suggested a delayed sexual maturity of BAK males and females. The proportion of viable eggs deposited decreased gradually, which suggests that females completely exhausted sperm reserves. From a management perspective, delayed reproductive maturity and polyandry are weak links in H. vitripennis' biology that may be exploited through mating disruption or insect sterilization strategies to reduce population growth and augment pressure by natural enemies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Krugner, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Rodrigo.Krugner@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1521 EP 1528 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.08.014 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 682ZY UT WOS:000284442700022 ER PT J AU Panickar, KS AF Panickar, Kiran S. TI Corticorelin, a synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor analog, for the treatment of peritumoral brain edema SO CURRENT OPINION IN MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; GENE-THERAPY; BLOOD-FLOW; ACETATE INJECTION; MALIGNANT GLIOMAS; HUMAN MENINGIOMAS; TUMOR PATIENTS; INTERIM-REPORT; PHASE-I AB Corticorelin is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring human peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Several studies have indicated the ability of CRF to reduce the brain edema caused by brain tumors. Peritumoral brain edema (PBE), caused by an intracerebral tumor, manifests several features of vasogenic edema, which is a type of edema characterized by disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Traditionally, PBE has been treated using corticosteroids, primarily dexamethasone. Introduced more than four decades ago, dexamethasone revolutionized the treatment of PBE, but the side effects and withdrawal symptoms associated with corticosteroids propelled the investigation of other drugs. Clinical trials with the synthetic human CRF (hCRF) corticorelin (Xerecept, NEU-3002; Celtic Pharmaceutical Holdings) have indicated that this drug has a distinct advantage over classical corticosteroids in the treatment of PBE. Fewer and/or milder side effects have been reported for corticorelin compared with dexamethasone, although at higher doses of corticorelin several side effects, including hypotension and transient flushing, have been reported. Nevertheless, corticorelin was reasonably well tolerated in patients and healthy volunteers, and may be a good candidate for reducing PBE and associated neural damage, as well as improving neurological symptoms. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Panickar, KS (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Bldg 307C, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kiran.panickar@ars.usda.gov FU Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, USA FX The author was supported by the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, USA. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU THOMSON REUTERS (SCIENTIFIC) LTD PI LONDON PA 77 HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, EC1N 8JS, ENGLAND SN 1464-8431 J9 CURR OPIN MOL THER JI Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 780 EP 789 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 694OU UT WOS:000285308300016 PM 21154169 ER PT J AU Nettleton, JA McKeown, NM Kanoni, S Lemaitre, RN Hivert, MF Ngwa, J van Rooij, FJA Sonestedt, E Wojczynski, MK Ye, Z Tanaka, T AF Nettleton, Jennifer A. McKeown, Nicola M. Kanoni, Stavroula Lemaitre, Rozenn N. Hivert, Marie-France Ngwa, Julius van Rooij, Frank J. A. Sonestedt, Emily Wojczynski, Mary K. Ye, Zheng Tanaka, Tosh CA CHARGE Whole Grain Foods Study Grp TI Interactions of Dietary Whole-Grain Intake With Fasting Glucose- and Insulin-Related Genetic Loci in Individuals of European Descent A meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; RISK; ENVIRONMENT; HEART; DISEASE; VARIANT; DESIGN; TCF7L2; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE - Whole-grain foods are touted for multiple health benefits including enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes risk Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in individuals free of diabetes We tested the hypothesis that whole-grain food intake and genetic variation interact to influence concentrations of fasting glucose and insulin RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Via meta-analysis of data from 14 cohorts comprising similar to 48 000 participants of European descent we studied interactions of whole-grain intake with loci previously associated in GWAS with fasting glucose (16 loci) and/or insulin (2 loci) concentrations For tests of interaction we considered a P value <0 0028 (0 05 of 18 tests) as statistically significant RESULTS - Greater whole grain food intake was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin concentrations independent of demographics other dietary and lifestyle factors, and BMI (beta [95% Cl] per 1-serving greater whole grain intake -0 009 mmol/l glucose [-0 013 to -0 0051 P < 0 0001 and -0011 pmol/l [In] insulin [-0 015 to -0 0071 P = 0 0003) No interactions met our multiple testing adjusted statistical significance threshold The strongest SNP interaction with whole-grain intake was rs780094 (GCKR) for fasting insulin (P = 0 006) where greater whole-grain intake was associated with a smaller reduction in fasting insulin concentrations in those with the insulin raising allele C1 [Nettleton, Jennifer A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. [McKeown, Nicola M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Dept Jean Mayer, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kanoni, Stavroula] Harokopio Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Athens, Greece. [Lemaitre, Rozenn N.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. [Hivert, Marie-France] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Med, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Ngwa, Julius] Boston Univ, Boston Univ Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [van Rooij, Frank J. A.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Rooij, Frank J. A.] Sponsored Netherlands Consortium Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genom Initiat, Leiden, Netherlands. [Sonestedt, Emily] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden. [Wojczynski, Mary K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO USA. [Ye, Zheng] Addenbrookes Hosp, Inst Metab Sci, MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. [Tanaka, Tosh] NIA, Clin Res Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Nettleton, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. RI Schwarz, Peter/B-5127-2013; Naitza, Silvia/D-5620-2017; Feitosa, Mary/K-8044-2012; Sonestedt, Emily/I-3814-2016; Smith, Albert/K-5150-2015; Singleton, Andrew/C-3010-2009; Brunner, Eric/H-2114-2011; Elliott, Amanda/G-5120-2012; Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie/H-2324-2014; Bochud, Murielle/A-3981-2010; Colaus, PsyColaus/K-6607-2013; Sjogren, Per/N-5923-2014; Ripatti, Samuli/H-9446-2014; Polasek, Ozren/B-6002-2011; Prokopenko, Inga/H-3241-2014 OI Schwarz, Peter/0000-0001-6317-7880; Feitosa, Mary/0000-0002-0933-2410; Sijbrands, Eric/0000-0001-8857-7389; Forouhi, Nita/0000-0002-5041-248X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Sonestedt, Emily/0000-0002-0747-4562; Smith, Albert/0000-0003-1942-5845; Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie/0000-0001-8104-8425; Bochud, Murielle/0000-0002-5727-0218; Ripatti, Samuli/0000-0002-0504-1202; Polasek, Ozren/0000-0002-5765-1862; Prokopenko, Inga/0000-0003-1624-7457 FU British Heart Foundation [RG/07/008/23674]; Medical Research Council [G0100222, G0701863, G0902037, G19/35, G8802774, MC_U106179471, MC_U106188470, MC_U127561128, MC_UP_A100_1003, MC_UP_A620_1015]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL087700]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG032098] NR 33 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2684 EP 2691 DI 10.2337/dc10.1150 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 699LZ UT WOS:000285666200038 PM 20693352 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Shen, RC Luo, RT Cao, Y Zhang, XC AF Zhang, Guang-hui Shen, Rui-chang Luo, Rong-ting Cao, Ying Zhang, X. C. TI Effects of sediment load on hydraulics of overland flow on steep slopes SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; hydraulics of overland flow; sediment load; steep slopes ID SOIL-EROSION MODEL; TRANSPORT CAPACITY; SHALLOW FLOW; SALTATING SEDIMENT; RILL EROSION; DETACHMENT; RESISTANCE; ROUGH; DEPOSITION; SURFACES AB Eroded sediment may have significant effects on the hydraulics of overland flow, but few studies have been performed to quantify these effects on steep slopes. This study investigated the potential effects of sediment load on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow depth, mean velocity, Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power of overland flow in a sand-glued hydraulic flume under a wide range of hydraulic conditions and sediment loads. Slope gradients were varied from 8.7 to 34.2%, unit flow rates from 0.66 to 5.26 x 10(-3) m(2) s(-1), and sediment loads from 0 to 6.95 kg m(-1) s(-1). Both Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr) decreased as sediment load increased, implying a decrease in flow turbulence. This inverse relationship should be considered in modeling soil erosion processes. Flow depth increased as sediment load increased with a mean value of 1.227 mm, caused by an increase in volume of sediment-laden flow (contribution 62.4%) and a decrease in mean flow velocity (contribution 37.6%). The mean flow velocity decreased by up to 0.071 m s(-1) as sediment load increased. The Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient (f) increased with sediment load, showing that the total energy consumption increased with sediment load. The effects of sediment load on f depended on flow discharge: as flow discharge increased, the influence of sediment load on f decreased due to increased flow depth and reduced relative roughness. Flow shear stress and stream power increased with sediment load, on average, by 80.5% and 60.2%, respectively; however, unit stream power decreased by an average of 11.1% as sediment load increased. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under these controlled conditions to real-world overland flow conditions. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Guang-hui] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guang-hui; Shen, Rui-chang; Luo, Rong-ting; Cao, Ying] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012 FU National Key Basic Research Special Foundation [2007CB407204]; National Key Technologies RD Program [2006BA09B05] FX The experiments were conducted at the Fangshan Field Station of Beijing Normal University. Financial assistance for this work was provided by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation Project (2007CB407204) and the National Key Technologies R&D Program (2006BA09B05). NR 40 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 15 BP 1811 EP 1819 DI 10.1002/esp.2019 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 695TW UT WOS:000285396500005 ER PT J AU Svenning, JC Fitzpatrick, MC Normand, S Graham, CH Pearman, PB Iverson, LR Skov, F AF Svenning, Jens-Christian Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. Normand, Signe Graham, Catherine H. Pearman, Peter B. Iverson, Louis R. Skov, Flemming TI Geography, topography, and history affect realized-to-potential tree species richness patterns in Europe SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POSTGLACIAL DISPERSAL LIMITATION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; REGIONAL DIVERSITY; IBERIAN PENINSULA; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; GLACIAL REFUGIA; GLOBAL PATTERNS; RELATIVE ROLES; CLIMATE; ECOLOGY AB Environmental conditions and biotic interactions are generally thought to influence local species richness. However, immigration and the evolutionary and historical factors that shape regional species pools should also contribute to determining local species richness because local communities arise by assembly from regional species pools. Using the European tree flora as our study system, we implemented a novel approach to assess the relative importance of local and regional mechanisms that control local species richness. We first identified species pools that tolerate particular local environments and quantified the proportion of the pool that is present locally, i.e. the realized/potential (R/P) richness ratio. Because no consensus exists on how to estimate potential richness, we estimated it using three different approaches. Using these three estimates separately and in a combined ensemble estimate, we then analyzed the effects of potential drivers on R/P richness ratios. We predicted that the R/P richness ratio would 1) increase with decreasing distance from glacial refugia (accessibility), 2) and be generally low in geographically fragmented southern Europe because of dispersal limitation; 3) increase with actual evapotranspiration because greater availability of water and energy promotes local population persistence; and 4) increase with topographic heterogeneity because it promotes local species coexistence and facilitates long-term species survival. There was considerable variation among the three R/P richness ratio estimates, but we found consistent support for a negative effect of regional geographic fragmentation and a positive topographic effect. We also identified fairly broad support for the predicted effect of accessibility. We conclude that local tree assemblages in Europe often fail to realize a large proportion of the potential richness held in the regional species pool, partially reflecting their geographical, historical, and environmental circumstances. The dispersal-related effects of geographic fragmentation and accessibility exemplify regional controls that combine with local ecological sorting to determine local species richness. C1 [Svenning, Jens-Christian; Normand, Signe] Aarhus Univ, Ecoinformat & Biodivers Grp, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Graham, Catherine H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pearman, Peter B.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Iverson, Louis R.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Skov, Flemming] Aarhus Univ, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Biodivers, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-8410 Kalo, Denmark. RP Svenning, JC (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Ecoinformat & Biodivers Grp, Dept Biol Sci, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM svenning@biology.au.dk RI Pearman, Peter/C-6298-2011; Normand, Signe/A-1561-2012; Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; Graham, Catherine/A-9560-2011; Skov, Flemming/I-2665-2013; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009; Fitzpatrick, Matthew/F-7620-2010 OI Pearman, Peter/0000-0002-0794-101X; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Skov, Flemming/0000-0002-9490-8663; Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X; Fitzpatrick, Matthew/0000-0003-1911-8407 FU Danish Natural Science Research Council [272-07-0242]; Faculty of Science, Aarhus Univ. FX This paper is an outcome of the workshop "The Utility of Species Distribution Models as Tools for Assessing Impacts of Global Change", held in Riederalp, Switzerland, 11-16 August 2008. We thank the Atlas Florae Europaeae project for access to the distribution data. We gratefully acknowledge economic support from the Danish Natural Science Research Council (grant #272-07-0242 to JCS) and the Faculty of Science, Aarhus Univ. (to SN). NR 58 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 SI SI BP 1070 EP 1080 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06301.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700PA UT WOS:000285755100009 ER PT J AU Montgomery, RA Reich, PB Palik, BJ AF Montgomery, Rebecca A. Reich, Peter B. Palik, Brian J. TI Untangling positive and negative biotic interactions: views from above and below ground in a forest ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; Corylus cornuta; facilitation; North American pine forest; plant species interactions; positive and negative effects; shade tolerance ID TROPICAL TREE SEEDLINGS; RAIN-FOREST; PLANT COMMUNITY; ROOT COMPETITION; DOUGLAS-FIR; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; UNDERSTOREY VEGETATION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; LIGHT ATTENUATION; ECOLOGICAL FILTER AB In ecological communities, the outcome of plant-plant interactions represents the net effect of positive and negative interactions occurring above and below ground. Untangling these complex relationships can provide a better understanding of mechanisms that underlie plant-plant interactions and enhance our ability to predict population, community, and ecosystem effects of biotic interactions. In forested ecosystems, tree seedlings interact with established vegetation, but the mechanisms and outcomes of these interactions are not well understood. To explore such mechanisms, we manipulated above-and belowground interactions among tree seedlings, shrubs, and trees and monitored seedling survival and growth of six species (Pinus banksiana, Betula papyrifera, P. resinosa, Quercus rubra, P. strobus, and Acer rubrum) in mature pine-dominated forest in northern Minnesota, USA. The forest had a moderately open canopy and sandy soils. Understory manipulations were implemented in the forest interior and in large gaps and included removal of shrubs (no interactions), tieback of shrubs (belowground), removal of shrubs with addition of shade (aboveground), and unmanipulated shrubs (both below-and aboveground). We found that shrubs either suppressed or facilitated seedling survival and growth depending on the seedling species, source of interaction (e.g., above-or belowground), and ecological context (e.g., gap or forest interior). In general, shrubs strongly influenced survival and growth in gaps, with more modest effects in the forest interior. In gaps, the presence of shrub roots markedly decreased seedling growth and survival, supporting the idea that belowground competition may be more important in dry, nutrient-poor sites. Shrub shade effects were neutral for three species and facilitative for the other three. Facilitation was more likely for shade-tolerant species. In the forest interior, shrub shade negatively affected seedling survival for the most shade-intolerant species. For several species the net effect of shrubs masked the existence of both positive and negative interactions above and below ground. Our results highlight the complexity of plant-plant interactions, demonstrate that outcomes of these interactions vary with the nature of resource limitation and the ecophysiology of the species involved, and suggest that ecological theory that rests on particular notions of plant-plant interactions (e.g., competition) should consider simultaneous positive and negative interactions occurring above and below ground. C1 [Montgomery, Rebecca A.; Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Montgomery, RA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rebeccam@umn.edu RI Montgomery, Rebecca/J-5774-2013 OI Montgomery, Rebecca/0000-0002-4131-1847 FU USDA NRI CREES [2006-35101-17061]; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Wilderness Research Foundation; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station [MIN-42-074] FX We thank Christel Kern, Kathryn Lang, Susan Barrott, and Suzie Boyden for field crew supervision and data organization; Dave Upgren for providing conifer seedlings and for organizing fall browse control; Doris Nelson for soil nutrient analyses; Mark Holland for statistical consulting; Naomi Worm, Cece Dahlstrom, Kathryn Smith, Bill Hakala, Andrea Dierich, Mike Reinikainen, Chris Gronewold, Michael Dyste, Erin Baumgart, and numerous members of short-term field crews for the bulk of field data collection and their enthusiasm in the face of ticks, mosquitoes, black flies, and brush. Funding was provided by USDA NRI CREES Award No. 2006-35101-17061, the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, the Wilderness Research Foundation, and the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station MIN-42-074. NR 89 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 74 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3641 EP 3655 DI 10.1890/09-1663.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699AA UT WOS:000285635100025 PM 21302835 ER PT J AU Maron, JL Pearson, DE Fletcher, RJ AF Maron, John L. Pearson, Dean E. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. TI Counterintuitive effects of large-scale predator removal on a midlatitude rodent community SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Columbian ground squirrel; deer mouse; Microtus montanus; montane vole; Peromyscus maniculatus; population fluctuations; predation; predator-exclusion experiment; predator-prey dynamics; Spermophilus columbianus ID ARCTIC GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SMALL MAMMALS; POPULATION-CYCLES; TROPHIC CASCADES; WEASEL PREDATION; MARKED ANIMALS; TOP-DOWN; DYNAMICS; VOLES; LIMITATION AB Historically, small mammals have been focal organisms for studying predator-prey dynamics, principally because of interest in explaining the drivers of the cyclical dynamics exhibited by northern vole, lemming, and hare populations. However, many small-mammal species occur at relatively low and fairly stable densities at temperate latitudes, and our understanding of how complex predator assemblages influence the abundance and dynamics of these species is surprisingly limited. In an intact grassland ecosystem in western Montana, USA, we examined the abundance and dynamics of Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and montane voles (Microtus montanus) on 1-ha plots where we excluded mammalian and avian predators and ungulates, excluded ungulates alone, or allowed predators and ungulates full access. Our goal was to determine whether the relatively low population abundance and moderate population fluctuations of these rodents were due to population suppression by predators. Our predator-exclusion treatment was divided into two phases: a phase where we excluded all predators except weasels (Mustela spp.; 2002-2005), and a phase where all predators including weasels were excluded (2006-2009). Across the entire duration of the experiment, predator and/or ungulate exclusion had no effect on the abundance or overall dynamics of ground squirrels and deer mice. Ground squirrel survival (the only species abundant enough to accurately estimate survival) was also unaffected by our experimental treatments. Prior to weasel exclusion, predators also had no impacts on montane vole abundance or dynamics. However, after weasel exclusion, vole populations reached greater population peaks, and there was greater recruitment of young animals on predator-exclusion plots compared to plots open to predators during peak years. These results suggest that the impacts of predators cannot be generalized across all rodents in an assemblage. Furthermore, they suggest that specialist predators can play an important role in suppressing vole abundance even in lower-latitude vole populations that occur at relatively low densities. C1 [Maron, John L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Maron, JL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM john.maron@mso.umt.edu OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35101-16040]; McIntire-Stennis; U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX We thank the Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for allowing us to conduct experiments on their protected sites. We greatly appreciate the stellar field help from Cedar Brant, Mary Bricker, Jessica Clark, Mary Goldman, Winslow Hansen, Chris Henderson, Lindsey Holm, Christen Kiser, Adam Leiberg, David Lowry, Lorna McIntyre, Elliott Parsons, Ali Pons, Anna Semple, and Matt Wegner. Two anonymous referees provided extremely helpful comments that served to sharpen the manuscript. This project was partially supported by grants to J. Maron and D.E. Pearson from the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (grant number 2005-35101-16040), and grants to J. Maron from McIntire-Stennis and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3719 EP 3728 DI 10.1890/10-0160.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699AA UT WOS:000285635100032 PM 21302842 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CE Blumenthal, D Jarosik, V Puckett, EE Pysek, P AF Mitchell, Charles E. Blumenthal, Dana Jarosik, Vojtech Puckett, Emily E. Pysek, Petr TI Controls on pathogen species richness in plants' introduced and native ranges: roles of residence time, range size and host traits SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; CSR plant resource strategy; enemy release hypothesis; introduced species; invasive species; parasite diversity; pathogen species richness; residence time ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL; INVASIVE PLANTS; ENEMY RELEASE; HERBIVORES; ECOLOGY; HYPOTHESIS; FEEDBACKS; EVOLUTION; PARASITES AB Introduced species escape many pathogens and other enemies, raising three questions. How quickly do introduced hosts accumulate pathogen species? What factors control pathogen species richness? Are these factors the same in the hosts' native and introduced ranges? We analysed fungal and viral pathogen species richness on 124 plant species in both their native European range and introduced North American range. Hosts introduced 400 years ago supported six times more pathogens than those introduced 40 years ago. In hosts' native range, pathogen richness was greater on hosts occurring in more habitat types, with a history of agricultural use and adapted to greater resource supplies. In hosts' introduced range, pathogen richness was correlated with host geographic range size, agricultural use and time since introduction, but not any measured biological traits. Introduced species have accumulated pathogens at rates that are slow relative to most ecological processes, and contingent on geographic and historic circumstance. C1 [Mitchell, Charles E.; Puckett, Emily E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jarosik, Vojtech; Pysek, Petr] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic. [Jarosik, Vojtech; Pysek, Petr] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Bot, CZ-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic. RP Mitchell, CE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mitchell@bio.unc.edu RI Pysek, Petr/B-1957-2012; Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014 OI Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993 NR 49 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1525 EP 1535 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01543.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682AS UT WOS:000284369200008 PM 20973907 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Mullen, CA Goldberg, NM AF Boateng, A. A. Mullen, C. A. Goldberg, N. M. TI Producing Stable Pyrolysis Liquids from the Oil-Seed Presscakes of Mustard Family Plants: Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and Camelina (Camelina sativa) SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID BIO-OIL; RAPESEED; FUEL AB Natural oil from non-food oil seeds, such as camelina, jatropha, and pennycress, is increasingly becoming the feedstock of choice for biodiesel production through transesterification to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and green diesel via catalytic hydrotreating. Unlike the presscakes from food-based feedstocks, such as soy and palm fruits, the residual oil-extracted presscakes are often not suitable for consumption as animal feed. However, their abundance and the fact that these feedstocks are already collected give them a logistic advantage as a bioenergy resource over conventional lignocellulosic biomass, which is yet to be harvested. Vegetable oil-seed presscakes make an ideal thermochemical conversion feedstock because of their inherently high initial calorific value. We carried out fast pyrolysis of the entire value chain of two of the mustard family oil seeds, pennycress and camelina, and found that, at the optimum fast pyrolysis conditions, not only can high-carbon, high-energy liquid fuel intermediates be produced but also these liquids are low-oxygen, stable intermediates that do not oligomerize over time to higher molecular weight or increase in viscosity over time according to the accelerated aging test. Liquid fuel quality was high, with gross calorific value ranging between 29.0 MJ/kg for defatted oil to 34.7 MJ/kg for the whole seed on a dry basis. The corresponding carbon conversion efficiency, defined as feed carbon converted to the liquid pyrolysate, ranged between 60 and 80%. It is envisioned that co-location of a fast pyrolysis process with a green-diesel plant that uses these feedstocks could provide additional gallons of renewable biofuels and a reliable source of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds needed for the formulation of renewable jet fuels. C1 [Boateng, A. A.; Mullen, C. A.; Goldberg, N. M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov FU Arvens Technologies; Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation (BRDC), Peoria, IL; Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) [58-3K95-9-1374] FX This work is carried out, in part, with the financial support provided by Arvens Technologies in conjunction with the Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation (BRDC), both of Peoria, IL, under Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) 58-3K95-9-1374. We also thank Dr. Roque Evangelista of ARS/National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Peoria, IL, for processing pennycress and camelina materials and Dr. Gary Strahan of Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) for NMR experiments. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 BP 6624 EP 6632 DI 10.1021/ef101223a PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 694AF UT WOS:000285266000051 ER PT J AU Mantri, NL Ford, R Coram, TE Pang, ECK AF Mantri, Nitin L. Ford, Rebecca Coram, Tristan E. Pang, Edwin C. K. TI Evidence of unique and shared responses to major biotic and abiotic stresses in chickpea SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Chickpea; Drought; Cold; High salinity; Ascochyta blight; cDNA microarray ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT; SALT TOLERANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; HIGH-SALINITY; ARABIDOPSIS; DROUGHT; RESISTANCE; DEFENSE; PROTEIN AB Microarrays have been used extensively for transcriptional profiling of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, most studies focused on either biotic or abiotic stresses, making it difficult to construe the genes that that may be common to both biotic and abiotic-stress responses. Such information may help molecular breeders to develop cultivars with broad-spectrum resistances to these stresses. A 768-featured boutique microarray was employed to compare the genes expressed by chickpea in response to drought, cold, high salinity and the fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei and 46,54,266 and 51 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, respectively. The expression of common genes indicated crosstalk in the genetic pathways involved in responses to these stress conditions. The response of ICC 3996 to A. rabiei was more similar to that of high-salinity stress than to drought or cold stress conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mantri, Nitin L.; Pang, Edwin C. K.] RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci Biotechnol & Environm Biol, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Ford, Rebecca] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Land & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Coram, Tristan E.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Small Grains Genotyping Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coram, Tristan E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mantri, NL (reprint author), RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci Biotechnol & Environm Biol, Bldg 223,Level 1,Plenty Rd, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. EM nitin.mantri@rmit.edu.au RI Coram, Tristan/E-8744-2010 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 69 IS 3 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.05.003 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632AV UT WOS:000280393300009 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Moffet, CA Roundy, BA Jones, TA Novak, SJ Clark, PE Pierson, FB Flerchinger, GN AF Hardegree, Stuart P. Moffet, Corey A. Roundy, Bruce A. Jones, Thomas A. Novak, Stephen J. Clark, Patrick E. Pierson, Frederick B. Flerchinger, Gerald N. TI A comparison of cumulative-germination response of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and five perennial bunchgrass species to simulated field-temperature regimes SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Seed; Germination; Temperature; Model; Bromus tectorum; Elymus multisetus; Elymus elymoides; Pseudoroegneria spicata; Leymus cinereus; Poa secunda ID PRIMED GRASS SEEDS; GREAT-BASIN; DOWNY BROME; ELYMUS-ELYMOIDES; SANDBERG BLUEGRASS; RANGE GRASSES; IDAHO FESCUE; EMERGENCE; COMPETITION; SOIL AB Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L) has come to dominate millions of hectares of rangeland in the Inter-mountain western United States. Previous studies have hypothesized that one mechanism conferring a competitive advantage to this species is the ability to germinate rapidly at low temperatures in the fall, winter and spring and, therefore, initiate growth and establishment more rapidly than more desirable perennial bunchgrass species. In this experiment, we developed thermal-germination-response models for multiple seedlots of cheatgrass and five perennial grass species. We conducted sensitivity analysis on potential-cumulative-germination response to a 38-year simulation of field-variable conditions of seedbed temperature and moisture. Cheatgrass uniformly germinated at a higher rate, and required significantly less time to complete germination than any of the perennial species for all but the slowest seed subpopulations. A germination-rate-sum index was used to integrate relative response characteristics over time. This index showed that germination rate of the most rapidly germinating subpopulations of cheatgrass was 2-5 times higher than for the other species tested. Model simulations of this type provide a more ecologically relevant basis for seedlot evaluation as they allow comparisons across a wide range of potential conditions that may be experienced in the field. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hardegree, Stuart P.; Clark, Patrick E.; Pierson, Frederick B.; Flerchinger, Gerald N.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Moffet, Corey A.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Roundy, Bruce A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Jones, Thomas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Novak, Stephen J.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM stuart.hardegree@ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 68 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 69 IS 3 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.04.012 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632AV UT WOS:000280393300013 ER PT J AU Torto, B Fombong, AT Arbogast, RT Teal, PEA AF Torto, Baldwyn Fombong, Ayuka T. Arbogast, Richard T. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Monitoring Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) With Baited Bottom Board Traps: Occurrence and Seasonal Abundance in Honey Bee Colonies in Kenya SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Kodamaea ohmeri; Pheidole megacephala; honey bee; Kenya ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; APIS-MELLIFERA; VOLATILES; PARASITE; ECOLOGY AB The population dynamics of the honey bee pest Aethina tumida Murray (small hive beetle) have been studied in the United States with flight and Langstroth hive bottom board traps baited with pollen dough inoculated with a yeast Kodamaea ohmeri associated with the beetle. However, little is known about the population dynamics of the beetle in its native host range. Similarly baited Langstroth hive bottom board traps were used to monitor the occurrence and seasonal abundance of the beetle in honey bee colonies at two beekeeping locations in Kenya. Trap captures indicated that the beetle was present in honey bee colonies in low numbers all year round, but it was most abundant during the rainy season, with over 80% trapped during this period. The survival of larvae was tested in field releases under dry and wet soil conditions, and predators of larvae were identified. The actvity and survival of the beetle were strongly influenced by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors. Larval survival was higher during wet (28%) than dry (1.1%) conditions, with pupation occurring mostly at 0-15 cm and 11-20 cm, respectively, beneath the surface soil during these periods. The ant Pheidole megacephala was identified as a key predator of larvae at this site, and more active during the dry than wet seasons. These observations imply that intensive trapping during the rainy season could reduce the population of beetles infesting hives in subsequent seasons especially in places where the beetle is a serious pest. C1 [Torto, Baldwyn; Fombong, Ayuka T.] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Arbogast, Richard T.; Teal, Peter E. A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Torto, B (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, POB 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM btorto@icipe.org FU United States Department of Agriculture [SCA-586615-7-119 F] FX We thank J. Angira for his assistance in the inspection of honey bee colonies; Mully's Children Farm (Matuu) for providing managed honey bee colonies; and H. Gatakaa and D. Salifu (icipe-Biostatistics Unit) for advice on the statistical analysis. Specimens of P. megacephala were identified by Stefan Cover (Harvard University, Museum of Natural History, Cambridge, MA). Lastly, we acknowledge the United States Department of Agriculture for funding this project (SCA-586615-7-119 F). NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1731 EP 1736 DI 10.1603/EN10013 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705JW UT WOS:000286125700004 PM 22182536 ER PT J AU Timer, J Tobin, PC Saunders, MC AF Timer, Jody Tobin, Patrick C. Saunders, Michael C. TI Geographic Variation in Diapause Induction: The Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinal latitudinal variation; diapause; Paralobesia viteana; viticulture; Vitis ID MAINTENANCE; TERMINATION; HABITATS AB Diapause in insects occurs in response to environmental cues, such as changes in photoperiod, and it is a major adaptation by which insects synchronize their activity with biotic resources and environmental constraints. For multivoltine agricultural insect pests, diapause initiation is an important consideration in management decisions, particularly toward the end of the growing season. The grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens), is the main insect pest affecting viticulture, and this insect responds to postsummer solstice photoperiods to initiate diapause. Because the range of grape berry moth extends from southern Canada to the southern United States, different populations are exposed to different photoperiodic regimes. We quantified the diapause response in grape berry moth populations from Arkansas, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia, and observed latitudinal variation in diapause initiation. Populations from Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania responded significantly different than those from Arkansas, Texas, and Virginia. We also observed, as a consequence of our experiments, that the timing of our laboratory studies influenced grape berry moth's response to photoperiod, ceteris paribus. Experiments that were conducted when grape berry moth would be naturally in diapause resulted in a significant higher proportion of diapausing pupae at photoperiods (i.e., >15 h) that generally do not induce diapause, suggesting that attention should be paid to the timing of behavioral and physiological experiments on insects. This relationship between photoperiod and diapause induction in grape berry moth across geographic regions will provide applicable knowledge to improve pest management decisions. C1 [Timer, Jody] Penn State Univ, Lake Erie Reg Grape Res & Extens Ctr, University Pk, PA 16428 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Saunders, Michael C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Timer, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Lake Erie Reg Grape Res & Extens Ctr, 662 N Cemetery Rd NE, University Pk, PA 16428 USA. EM mcs5@psu.edu FU USDA [2005-51100-02363] FX For providing insect material from different geographic locations we thank F. Westover, Texas A&M University; D. Pfeiffer and T. Jordan, Virginia Tech University; D. Johnson and B. Lewis, University of Arkansas; R. Isaacs and K. Mason, Michigan State University; and G. Loeb and S. Hesler, Cornell University. For technical assistance we thank D. Luden and J. Griggs, Penn State University; and Laura Blackburn, USDA Forest Service. This work was funded by the USDA Crops at Risk Program award no. 2005-51100-02363, and the USDA Viticultural Consortium-EAST. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1751 EP 1755 DI 10.1603/EN10116 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705JW UT WOS:000286125700007 PM 22182539 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Composition and Abundance of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Corn SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nezara viridula; Euschistus servus; planting date; Trichopoda pennipes ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA L; PESTS; PARASITISM; PLANT AB The species composition and abundance of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in corn, Zea mays L., was determined in this on-farm study in Georgia. Seven species of phytophagous stink bugs were found on corn with the predominant species being Nezara viridula (L.) and Euschistus serous (Say). All developmental stages of these two pests were found, indicating they were developing on the corn crop. The remaining five species, Oebalus pugnax pugnax (F.), Euschistus quad rotor (Rolston), Euschistus tristigmus (Say), Euschistus ictericus (L.), and Acrosternum hilare (Say), were found in relatively low numbers. Adult N. viridula were parasitized by the tachinid parasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (F.). There was a pronounced edge effect in distribution of stink bugs in corn. Population dynamics of N. viridula and E. serous were different on early and late-planted corn. Oviposition by females of both stink bug species occurred in mid-to-late-May and again mid-to-late-June in corn, regardless of planting date. In early planted fields, if stink bug females oviposited on corn in mid-July, the resulting nymphs did not survive to the adult stage in corn because ears were close to physiological maturity and leaves were senescing. Density of stink bug adults in early planted corn was relatively low throughout the growing season. In late-planted corn, females of both stink bug species consistently laid eggs in mid-to-late-July on corn with developing ears. This habitat favored continued nymph development, and the resulting adult population reached high levels. These results indicate that corn management practices play a key role in the ecology of stink bugs in corn agroecosystems and provide information for designing management strategies to suppress stink bugs in farmscapes with corn. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1765 EP 1774 DI 10.1603/EN09281 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705JW UT WOS:000286125700009 PM 22182541 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Fergen, JK AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Fergen, Janet K. TI The Effects of a Winter Cover Crop on Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations and Beneficial Arthropod Communities in No-Till Maize SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biological control; conservation; western corn rootworm; Elymus trachycaulus; generalist predators; IPM ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; TO-PLANT MOVEMENT; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; GROUND BEETLE; NATURAL ENEMIES; TRANSGENIC CORN; ALTERNATE HOSTS; LIVING MULCHES; PEST; PREDATOR AB The effects of an autumn-planted, spring-killed, grass cover crop (Elymus trachycaulus [Link] Gould ex Shinners) on populations of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and its predator community were evaluated in South Dakota maize fields over two seasons. Abundance and size of D. virgifera larvae and adults and sex ratio of adults were measured in maize produced under two treatments (i.e., a winter cover crop or bare soil), as were maize root damage and the abundance and diversity of the predator communities collected on the soil surface and in the soil column. First and second instars and adults of D. virgifera were similarly abundant in the two treatments, but third instars were significantly fewer in maize planted after a winter cover crop. Larvae developed at different rates in the two treatments, and second instars were significantly smaller (head capsule width and body length) in the maize planted after a cover crop. First and third instars and adults were of similar size in the two treatments, and adult sex ratios were also similar. Although initially similar, predator populations increased steadily in the cover-cropped maize, which led to a significantly greater predator population by the time D. virgifera pupated. There was significantly less root damage in the cover-cropped maize. Predator communities were similarly diverse in both treatments. Predator abundance per plot was significantly and negatively correlated with the abundance of third instars per plot. Clearly, winter cover crops reduce D. virgifera performance and their damage to the crop, and we suspect that this reduction is caused by both environmental effects of the treatment on D. virgifera size and development, and of increased predation on the third instars of the pest. Additional data on the impact of cover crops on actual predation levels, grain yield and quality, and farmer profitability, and correlations among pest performance, crop characteristics, and predator populations and behaviors are key components of this system that remain to be addressed. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Fergen, Janet K.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 49 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1816 EP 1828 DI 10.1603/EN10041 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705JW UT WOS:000286125700015 PM 22182547 ER PT J AU Reichert, E Johnson, MT Chacon, E Anderson, RS Wheeler, TA AF Reichert, Elisabeth Johnson, M. Tracy Chacon, Eduardo Anderson, Robert S. Wheeler, Terry A. TI Biology and Host Preferences of Cryptorhynchus melastomae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Possible Biocontrol Agent for Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) in Hawaii SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; invasive species; Costa Rica; life history; host-specificity ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PUNCTURE-VINE; WEEDS; SELECTION AB The introduced plant Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) poses a grave threat to Hawaii's native ecosystems and biodiversity. One potential candidate for classical biological control is Cryptorhynchus melastomae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae), a stem-boring weevil from Central and South America. This weevil feeds on M. calvescens in its native Costa Rica and has been successfully reared under greenhouse conditions. Comparison of its environmental conditions in Costa Rica with those in the Miconia infested areas of Hawaii indicates the latter is a suitable habitat for C. melastomae. C. melastomae has one or two generations per year. Adults feed on new stems, petioles, leaf buds, veins, and lamina, whereas larvae mine the stem until pupation. Adults appear to prefer saplings for oviposition and feeding. Under greenhouse conditions both adults and larvae can seriously damage and kill small M. calvescens. Preliminary host testing indicates that C. melastomae may be family specific on Melastomataceae. However, because Hawaii lacks native melastomes and has many other serious melastome weeds, a family specific insect may be suitable as a biocontrol agent in this case. C1 [Reichert, Elisabeth; Wheeler, Terry A.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Johnson, M. Tracy] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. [Chacon, Eduardo] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Anderson, Robert S.] Canadian Museum Nat, Stn D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. RP Wheeler, TA (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM terry.wheeler@mcgill.ca RI Wheeler, Terry/A-9466-2011 OI Wheeler, Terry/0000-0002-7260-0350 FU State of Hawaii; National Park Service; USGS Biological Resources Division; United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Manuel Alfaro, Pablo Allen, Francisco Badenes-Perez, Alexander Castillo, Luis Madrigal, Ronald Sanchez, Anna Dietrich, and Kenji Nishida for assistance in the field; Carlos Morales for plant identifications and insight; and Edgar Rojas and Paul Hanson for administrative assistance and support. Angel Solis (INBio), Humberto Lezama (UCR), Jack Longino (ALAS), STRI, NMCR, and Charles O'Brien provided C. melastomae specimen records. Scott Shaw (University of Wyoming) identified the braconid parasitoid. Proyecto Miconia has been funded by the State of Hawaii, the National Park Service and the USGS Biological Resources Division, via the University of Hawaii Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, and by United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service International Programs. Additional funding was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grants to R. Anderson and T. Wheeler. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1848 EP 1857 DI 10.1603/EN10029 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705JW UT WOS:000286125700018 PM 22182550 ER PT J AU Jezorek, HA Stiling, PD Carpenter, JE AF Jezorek, Heather A. Stiling, Peter D. Carpenter, James E. TI Targets of an Invasive Species: Oviposition Preference and Larval Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on 14 North American Opuntioid Cacti SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cactus moth; Opuntia; biological invasion; oviposition preference; larval performance ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; HOST-PLANT-SELECTION; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; BERG LEPIDOPTERA; FEEDING MOTH; F-1 STERILITY; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA; MEXICO; OPTIMIZATION AB Cactoblastis cactorum Berg (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the cactus moth, is a well-known biological control agent of prickly pear cactus (Cactaceae: Opuntia Miller). The arrival of the moth in Florida and its subsequent spread through the southeastern United States poses a threat to opuntioid diversity in North America. Of particular concern are the ecological and economic impacts the moth could have in the southwestern United States and Mexico, where both native and cultivated Opuntia species are important resources. It is unknown which species would best support larval development if the moth were to spread further westward in North America. This study aimed to determine if ovipositing females demonstrate preferences for any of 14 common opuntioids native to or naturalized in Mexico and the southwestern United States; which of these opuntioids best support larval development; and if oviposition preference correlates with larval performance, as predicted by simple adaptive models. Results from a field experiment showed that female moths preferred O. engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann variety linguiformis (Griffiths) Parfitt and Pinkava and O. engelmannii variety engelmannii for oviposition. A generalized linear model showed number of cladodes and degree of spininess to be significant predictors of oviposition activity. Results from a no-choice larval survival experiment showed Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex de Candolle.) Lemaire and O. streptacantha Lemaire to be the best hosts. Epidermal toughness was a significant predictor of most larval fitness parameters. In general, oviposition preference was not correlated with larval performance. A lack of co-evolutionary history between C. cactorum and North American opuntioid species may help explain this disconnect. C1 [Jezorek, Heather A.; Stiling, Peter D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Carpenter, James E.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jezorek, HA (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM hjezorek@mail.usf.edu NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1884 EP 1892 DI 10.1603/EN10022 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705JW UT WOS:000286125700022 PM 22182554 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Sessions, J AF Thompson, Matthew P. Sessions, John TI Exploring Environmental and Economic Trade-offs Associated with Aggregate Recycling from Decommissioned Forest Roads SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Aggregate recycling; Forest roads; Aquatic habitat; Decommissioning; Watershed restoration; Mixed integer programming; Multiobjective optimization; Trade-off analysis ID STREAM RESTORATION; DECISION-ANALYSIS; OPTIMAL POLICIES; SEDIMENT; EROSION; OPTIMIZATION; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; STRATEGY; REMOVAL AB Forest road decommissioning is a pro-active mechanism for preventing future habitat degradation and for increasing the likelihood of endangered salmonid survival in the western U.S. High implementation costs however preclude many desirable projects from being undertaken, especially on federally owned land. Previous research and real-world applications have demonstrated the cost savings potential of reusing aggregate recovered from forest roads during decommissioning. These cost savings can effectively subsidize decommissioning projects, suggesting an economic benefit associated with improving environmental benefit. We present a mixed integer, multiple objective formulation to identify the efficient trade-off surface between conflicting economic and environmental criteria, where environmental benefit is defined as the hazard weighted length of roads decommissioned. We compare nondominated frontiers identified with and without the opportunity to recycle aggregate. Our results suggest that aggregate recycling promotes a synergistic relationship between cost savings (subsidy) and environmental performance, where subsidies generally increase with increasing environmental performance. Effective subsidy values can reach 31% of total expenditure, at the maximum level of environmental benefit. Transportation managers are therefore able to recover and reuse a nonrenewable resource, while at the same time promoting economic and environmental efficiency. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Sessions, John] Oregon State Univ, Forest Engn Resources & Management Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us FU Dorothy M. Hoener fellowship; Wes and Nancy Lematta fellowship FX The primary author completed most of this work while a graduate student at Oregon State University as the recipient of the Wes and Nancy Lematta and the Dorothy M. Hoener fellowships. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their constructive comments. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 BP 419 EP 432 DI 10.1007/s10666-010-9220-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669RP UT WOS:000283368200001 ER PT J AU Norton, SA Fernandez, IJ Kahl, JS Rustad, LE Navratil, T Almquist, H AF Norton, S. A. Fernandez, I. J. Kahl, J. S. Rustad, L. E. Navratil, Tomas Almquist, H. TI The evolution of the science of Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bear Brook Watershed in Maine; Acidification; Streams; Soil; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Phosphorus; Base cations ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE TREATMENT; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; EXPERIMENTAL LAKES AREA; INPUT-OUTPUT BUDGETS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION; SUGAR MAPLE; LONG-TERM; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES AB The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), USA is a paired watershed study with chemical manipulation of one watershed (West Bear = WB) while the other watershed (East Bear = EB) serves as a reference. Characterization of hydrology and chemical fluxes occurred in 1987-1989 and demonstrated the similarity of the ca. 10 ha adjacent forested watersheds. From 1989-2010, we have added 1,800 eq (NH4)(2)SO4 ha(-1)y(-1) to WB. EB runoff has slowly acidified even as atmospheric deposition of SO42- has declined. EB acidification included decreasing pH, base cation concentrations, and alkalinity, and increasing inorganic Al concentration, as SO42- declined. Organic Al increased. WB has acidified more rapidly, including a 6-year period of increasing leaching of base cations, followed by a long-term decline of base cations, although still elevated over pretreatment values, as base saturation declined in the soils. Sulfate in WB has not increased to a new steady state because of increased anion adsorption accompanying soil acidification. Dissolved Al has increased dramatically in WB; increased export of particulate Al and P has accompanied the acidification in both watersheds, WB more than EB. Nitrogen retention in EB increased after 3 years of study, as did many watersheds in the northeastern USA. Nitrogen retention in WB still remains at over 80%, in spite of 20+ years of N addition. The 20-year chemical treatment with continuous measurements of critical variables in both watersheds has enabled the identification of decadal-scale processes, including ecosystem response to declining SO4-2 in ambient precipitation in EB and evolving mechanisms of treatment response in WB. The study has demonstrated soil mechanisms buffering pH, declines in soil base saturation, altered P biogeochemistry, unexpected mechanisms of storage of S, and continuous high retention of treatment N. C1 [Norton, S. A.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fernandez, I. J.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Kahl, J. S.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rustad, L. E.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. [Navratil, Tomas] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. [Almquist, H.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Norton, SA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Norton@Maine.edu RI Navratil, Tomas/C-3181-2008 OI Navratil, Tomas/0000-0002-6213-5336 FU NSF [DEB-0639902, DEB-0210257]; Czech Republic [AV0Z30130516] FX We are grateful to M. B. Parent for historical sleuthing about BBWM's early scientific history. Rick Linthurst remained a strong supporter of BBWM during the first decade, giving us the courage to persevere during economically difficult times. While EPA was the major supporter of the site, we had excellent guidance from EPA Project Officers, including Jeffrey Lee, James Wigington, and Timothy Strickland. Robbins Church (EPA) was a constant source of wisdom, both with respect to watershed science and navigating federal agency policy. For over a decade BBWM has been supported by NSF funding, with critical program support through the NSF LTREB program (DEB-0639902 and DEB-0210257) and we appreciate the efforts of numerous program managers. Navratil was supported by institutional project AV0Z30130516 from the Czech Republic. Additional support from the US Forest Service has been critical with special appreciation to Chris Eager. We are grateful to the many scientists who have used BBWM as a platform for their research and included BBWM in their aggregation of findings from multiple sites. We have benefitted from high quality analytical support from the Sawyer Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, the Senator George Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research, and the Analytical Laboratory for the Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, at the University of Maine. We are grateful for the ongoing corporate support for research at this site and the staff of American Forest Management who work with us to make this study possible. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication No. 3113. NR 99 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 171 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1528-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672NQ UT WOS:000283592800002 PM 20556651 ER PT J AU Elvir, JA Wiersma, GB Bethers, S Kenlan, P AF Elvir, Jose Alexander Wiersma, G. Bruce Bethers, Suzanne Kenlan, Peter TI Effects of chronic ammonium sulfate treatment on the forest at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Species richness; Forest structure; Acidic deposition; Basal area growth; Foliar nutrients; Gas exchange ID ABIES L KARST; SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; SUGAR MAPLE; RED SPRUCE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; NORWAY SPRUCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE AB At the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), the forest tree composition was characterized and the effects of the chronic ammonium sulfate ((NH(4))(2)SO(4)) treatment on basal area growth, foliar chemistry, and gas exchange were investigated on forest species. The BBWM is a paired watershed forest ecosystem study with one watershed, West Bear (WB), treated since 1989 with 26.6 kg N ha (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) year (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) and 30 kg S ha (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) year (-aEuro parts per thousand 1)applied bimonthly as (NH(4))(2)SO(4), while the other watershed, East Bear (EB), serves as a reference. Tree species richness, density, and mortality were found to be similar between watersheds. Basal area increment was estimated from red spruce and sugar maple, showing that, for the first 7 years of treatment, it was significantly higher for sugar maple growing in WB compared to EB, but no differences were observed for red spruce between watersheds. However, the initial higher sugar maple basal area growth in WB subsequently decreased after 8 years of treatment. Foliar chemical analysis performed in trees, saplings, and ground flora showed higher N concentrations in the treated WB compared to the reference EB. But, foliar cation concentrations, especially Ca and Mg, were significantly lower for most of the species growing in WB compared with those growing in EB. For sugar maple, foliar N was higher on WB, but there were no differences in foliar Ca and Mg concentrations between treated and reference watersheds. In addition, only sugar maple trees in the treated WB showed significantly higher photosynthetic rates compared to reference EB trees. C1 [Elvir, Jose Alexander] Escuela Nacl Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras. [Wiersma, G. Bruce; Kenlan, Peter] Univ Maine, CRSF, Orono, ME USA. [Bethers, Suzanne] US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Kenlan, Peter] Maine Isl Trail Assoc, Portland, ME 04101 USA. RP Elvir, JA (reprint author), Escuela Nacl Ciencias Forestales, Apt Postal 2, Siguatepeque, Honduras. EM alexit98@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB0639902]; University of Maine; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation's Long Term Research on Environmental Biology (DEB0639902), funds from the University of Maine Vice President for Research Maine Economic Improvement Fund (MEIF), and the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. Our thanks to Summer Allen for all her help in obtaining the required permissions. Our thanks to two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 171 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1523-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672NQ UT WOS:000283592800010 PM 20556652 ER PT J AU Fernandez, IJ Adams, MB SanClements, MD Norton, SA AF Fernandez, Ivan J. Adams, Mary Beth SanClements, Michael D. Norton, Stephen A. TI Comparing decadal responses of whole-watershed manipulations at the Bear Brook and Fernow experiments SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Watershed; Acidification; Streams; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Calcium ID NITROGEN SATURATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; HARDWOOD FOREST; UNITED-STATES; MAINE; ACIDIFICATION; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; USA AB The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), USA, and the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, represent unique, long-term, paired, whole watershed, experimental manipulations focusing on the effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition on temperate forests. Both watersheds began whole-ecosystem additions of N and S as (NH(4))(2)SO(4) in the fall of 1989, and both are entering their third decade of chronic enrichment of the treated watersheds, while the reference watersheds offer unique opportunities to evaluate forest watershed responses to recovery. Differences between BBWM and Fernow in the history of atmospheric deposition, soil properties, and forest composition all contribute to different response trajectories in stream chemical exports over time. The four watersheds represent a spectrum of N enrichment and retention, ranging from approximate to 98% N retention in the reference watershed in Maine, to approximate to 20% N retention in the treated watershed in West Virginia. Despite these differences, there is evidence that mechanisms of response in base cation leaching and other processes are similar among all four watersheds. In both cases, the history to date of two decades of research and monitoring has provided new insights into ecosystem response not evident in more traditional short-term research. C1 [Fernandez, Ivan J.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [SanClements, Michael D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Norton, Stephen A.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Fernandez, IJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, 5722 Deering Hall,Room 1, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ivanjf@maine.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 171 IS 1-4 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1524-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672NQ UT WOS:000283592800011 PM 20535550 ER PT J AU Xuan, RC Ashworth, DJ Luo, LF Wang, HZ Yates, SR AF Xuan, Richeng Ashworth, Daniel J. Luo, Lifang Wang, Haizhen Yates, Scott R. TI Depleting Methyl Bromide Residues in Soil by Reaction with Bases SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVERED FIELD; DEGRADATION; EMISSIONS; VOLATILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; FUMIGATION; HALIDES AB Despite generally being considered the most effective soil fumigant methyl bromide (MeBr) use is being phased out because its emissions from soil can lead to stratospheric ozone depletion. However, a large amount is still currently used due to Critical Use Exemptions. As strategies for reducing the postfumigation emissions of MeBr from soil, Ca(OH)(2), K(2)CO(3), and NH(3) were assessed as means of promoting MeBr degradation. Ammonia aqueous solution (NH(4)OH) was the most effective, because MeBr can be degraded by both hydrolysis and ammonolysis. At 20 degrees C, the half-I ves (t(1/2)) of MeBr were 18.0, 2.5, and 1.3 h in 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 IV NH(4)OH, respectively. In 1.0 M NH(4)OH, increasing the solution temperature to 40 degrees C reduced the half-life of MeBr to 0.23 h. Ammonia amendment to moist soil also promoted MeBr transformation, and the MeBr degradation rate increased with ncreasing soil temperature. NR(4)OH (30%, 16 M) very effectively reacted with MeBr that was contained under plastic film. Under Hytibar (a virtually impermeable film, VIF), over 99.5% of the MeBr could be destroyed by 30% NH(4)OH in 8 h at 20 degrees C. On the basis of these results, good management practices (i.e., VIF plus NH(4)OH) could be developed for continued use of MeBr as a soil fumigant under Critical Use Exemptions, without significant emissions. C1 [Xuan, Richeng; Ashworth, Daniel J.; Luo, Lifang; Wang, Haizhen; Yates, Scott R.] USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Xuan, Richeng] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.yates@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 23 BP 9080 EP 9085 DI 10.1021/es1022027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 684CA UT WOS:000284523400047 PM 21058742 ER PT J AU Werner, I Deanovic, LA Miller, J Denton, DL Crane, D Mekebri, A Moore, MT Wrysinski, J AF Werner, Inge Deanovic, Linda A. Miller, Jeff Denton, Debra L. Crane, David Mekebri, Abdou Moore, Matthew T. Wrysinski, Jeanette TI USE OF VEGETATED AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE DITCHES TO DECREASE TOXICITY OF IRRIGATION RUNOFF FROM TOMATO AND ALFALFA FIELDS IN CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Permethrin; Chlorpyrifos; Agricultural runoff; Hyalella azteca; Ceriodaphnia dubia ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HYALELLA-AZTECA; PYRETHROID PESTICIDES; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; WATER; CHLORPYRIFOS; CONTAMINATION; ESFENVALERATE; TEMPERATURE; MITIGATION AB The current study investigated the potential of vegetated drainage ditches for mitigating the impact of agricultural irrigation runoff on downstream aquatic ecosystems Water column toxicity to larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the amphipod Hyalella azteca was measured for 12h or less at the ditch inflow and outflow using custom built in situ exposure systems In addition water and sediment samples were subject to standard toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia and H azteca respectively No acute toxicity to larval fathead minnow was observed however runoff was highly toxic to invertebrates Passage through a 389 to 402 m section of vegetated ditch had a mitigating effect and reduced toxicity to some degree However runoff from an alfalfa field treated with chlorpyrifos remained highly toxic to both invertebrate species and runoff from a tomato field treated with permethrin remained highly toxic to H azteca after passage through the ditch Predicted toxic units calculated from insecticide concentrations in runoff and 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) values generally agreed with C dubia toxicity measured in the laboratory but significantly underestimated in situ toxicity to H azteca Sediments collected near the ditch outflow were toxic to H azteca Results from the current study demonstrate that experimental vegetated ditches were unable to eliminate the risk of irrigation runoff to aquatic ecosystems In addition protective measures based on chemical concentrations or laboratory toxicity tests with C dubia do not ensure adequate protection of aquatic ecosystems from pyrethroid associated toxicity Environ Toxicol Chem 2010 29 2859-2868 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Werner, Inge; Deanovic, Linda A.] Univ Calif Davis, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Miller, Jeff] AQUA Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Crane, David; Mekebri, Abdou] Water Pollut Control Lab, Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. [Moore, Matthew T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Wrysinski, Jeanette] Yolo Cty Resource Conservat Distnct, Woodland, CA USA. RP Werner, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) [04 070 555 0] FX The authors would like to thank the staff of the UC Davis Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory in particular Charissa Reece Mane Stillway and Dan Markiewicz for their hard work on this project Additional enthusiastic supporters such as Richard Connon and Tony Ha were invaluable during the long field days and nights We thank Michelle Hladik U S Geological Society (Sacramento CA USA) for providing analytical support for the pesticide adsorption study Funding for this project has been provided by the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB grant 04 070 555 0 to Yolo County Resource Conservation District) Contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the SWRCB NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2859 EP 2868 DI 10.1002/etc.356 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 686FW UT WOS:000284683200029 PM 20836062 ER PT J AU Kanga, LHB Adamczyk, J Patt, J Gracia, C Cascino, J AF Kanga, Lambert H. B. Adamczyk, John Patt, Joseph Gracia, Carlos Cascino, John TI Development of a user-friendly delivery method for the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to control the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor in honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; Metarhizium anisopliae; Conidia; Patty blend formulations; Biological control ID MICROBIAL CONTROL AGENTS; FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; HIRSUTELLA-THOMPSONII; MITOSPORIC FUNGI; JACOBSONI; RESISTANCE; ACARI; PATHOGENICITY; MESOSTIGMATA; HYMENOPTERA AB A user-friendly method to deliver Metarhizium spores to honey bee colonies for control of Varroa mites was developed and tested. Patty blend formulations protected the fungal spores at brood nest temperatures and served as an improved delivery system of the fungus to bee hives. Field trials conducted in 2006 in Texas using freshly harvested spores indicated that patty blend formulations of 10 g of conidia per hive (applied twice) significantly reduced the numbers of mites per adult bee, mites in sealed brood cells, and residual mites at the end of the 47-day experimental period. Colony development in terms of adult bee populations and brood production also improved. Field trials conducted in 2007 in Florida using less virulent spores produced mixed results. Patty blends of 10 g of conidia per hive (applied twice) were less successful in significantly reducing the number of mites per adult bee. However, hive survivorship and colony strength were improved, and the numbers of residual mites were significantly reduced at the end of the 42-day experimental period. The overall results from 2003 to 2008 field trials indicated that it was critical to have fungal spores with good germination, pathogenicity and virulence. We determined that fungal spores (1 x 10(10) viable spores per gram) with 98% germination and high pathogenicity (95% mite mortality at day 7) provided successful control of mite populations in established honey bee colonies at 10 g of conidia per hive (applied twice). Overall, microbial control of Varroa mite with M. anisopliae is feasible and could be a useful component of an integrated pest management program. C1 [Kanga, Lambert H. B.] Florida A&M Univ, Entomol CESTA, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Adamczyk, John; Patt, Joseph; Gracia, Carlos] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. [Cascino, John] Sylvan Bioprod Inc, Kittanning, PA 16203 USA. RP Kanga, LHB (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Entomol CESTA, 406 Perry Paige Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM lambert.kanga@famu.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 BP 327 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10493-010-9369-5 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 688HI UT WOS:000284840000001 PM 20512613 ER PT J AU Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Shelby, R Li, MH Klesius, PH AF Lim, Chhorn Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Shelby, Richard Li, Menghe H. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Growth performance, vitamin E status, and proximate and fatty acid composition of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed diets containing various levels of fish oil and vitamin E SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fish oil; Vitamin E; Channel catfish; Fatty acid; Proximate composition ID X OREOCHROMIS-AUREUS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; JUVENILE HYBRID TILAPIA; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; LIPID LEVEL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BODY-COMPOSITION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; E REQUIREMENTS; OXIDIZED OIL AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing dietary levels of fish oil on vitamin E requirement and their effect on growth performance, liver vitamin E status, and tissue proximate and fatty acid compositions of channel catfish Basal purified diets (42% protein and 3,800 kcal DE/kg) supplemented with 6, 10, and 14% menhaden fish oil were each supplemented with 50, 100, and 200 mg vitamin E/kg (3 x 3 factorial experiment) Each diet was fed to juvenile channel catfish in three random aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks Weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency ratio were not affected by dietary levels of fish oil, vitamin E, or their interaction Survival rate at the end of week 12 was significantly lower for fish fed diets containing 14% fish oil, regardless of vitamin E content Whole-body moisture significantly decreased and lipid Increased when dietary lipid levels were increased to 10 or 14% Dietary vitamin E levels had no effect on body proximate composition Lipid content of liver was not influenced by dietary levels of fish oil and vitamin E or their interaction Hepatosomatic index significantly decreased with increasing lipid levels but was not affected by dietary levels of vitamin E Liver vitamin E increased with increasing dietary vitamin E but decreased with increasing fish oil levels Fatty acid composition of whole body and liver reflected that of dietary lipid but was not Influenced by dietary levels of vitamin E Whole-body saturates increased, whereas MUFA decreased with increasing dietary levels of fish oil Liver saturates were not affected by fish oil levels, but MUFA and n-6 decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing fish oil levels Total n-3 and n-3 HUFA in both tissues increased with increasing fish oil levels in diets, but liver stored much higher levels of these fatty acids C1 [Lim, Chhorn; Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha; Shelby, Richard; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Li, Menghe H.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 855 EP 866 DI 10.1007/1s10695-009-9360-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 691HA UT WOS:000285069700004 PM 19821044 ER PT J AU Marutani-Hert, M Hunter, WB Hall, DG AF Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Hunter, Wayne B. Hall, David G. TI GENE RESPONSE TO STRESS IN THE ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; Diaphorina citri; gene expression; HLB; heat shock proteins; imidacloprid; population suppression ID INSECT; RESISTANCE; HORMONE; CLONING; DDT AB The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a vector of the phloem-inhabiting bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, a pathogen associated with the economically important citrus disease known as huanglongbing. Knowledge of the molecular genetics of D. citri and other insects provides insights into the basic biology of insects. For example, insects can be subjected to stressful conditions and then screened to determine if the conditions promote specific genetic responses. Such information, by identifying critical genetic responses linked to survival, can then be used in the development of genetic tools and in novel management strategies aimed at reducing psyllids populations. In this study, transcriptional responses of D. citri adults against 3 stress factors were investigated: physical wounding, heat stress, and exposure to low doses of the insecticide imidacloprid. No measureable transcriptional activity was observed for genes (cyp, gst, CuZn-SOD, hsc70, or hsp90), which, in other insects, have been shown to respond to either physical wounding, heat stress, or exposure to insecticides. However, increased transcriptional activity of a heat-shock gene, hsp70, was found in adult psyllids exposed to 42 degrees C, although 6 h of exposure to this temperature was lethal to psyllids. These results suggest that hsp70 may play a role in response to heat stress of D. citri. Summer temperatures can exceed 37 degrees C in Florida, Texas and California areas where the psyllids now occurs. Natural temperature fluctuations and gradual increases provide enough time for psyllids to acclimate to hot summer temperatures. We propose that the development of a method to disrupt gene expression, such as hsp70, may be applicable for future strategies to suppress psyllids populations. C1 [Marutani-Hert, Mizuri; Hunter, Wayne B.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Marutani-Hert, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council FX We thank Maria Gonzalez, Kathy Moulton, Dr. Robert Shatters, John Prokop, Dr. Paula Hall, Dr. Cindy Mckenzie, Diego Bends, Robyn Baber, and Dr. Ute Albrecht, USDA-ARS, and Dr. Tomonari Kasai, Okayama University for providing technical assistance and advice. This research was supported in part by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, 2007. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1653/024.093.0408 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200008 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Gottwald, TR Bock, CH AF Hall, David G. Gottwald, Tim R. Bock, Clive H. TI EXACERBATION OF CITRUS CANKER BY CITRUS LEAFMINER PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA IN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Xanthomonas citri subsp citri; citrus leafminer; Phyllocnistis citrella ID AXONOPODIS PV. CITRI; EPIDEMIC; INOCULUM AB Citrus canker (caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, Xcc) is an important bacterial disease of citrus that is spread naturally by rain and wind. Feeding damage to citrus leaves by the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), has been shown to promote infection levels of citrus canker in a number of citrus-growing regions around the world. We conducted 2 studies to document that CLM damage exacerbates canker in Florida citrus. In 1 study, young citrus trees of 5 cultivars commonly grown in Florida were inoculated with a culture of Xcc. Two groups of trees were studied, 1 group with leaves damaged by CLM and 1 group that was treated with a pesticide to prevent CLM damage. Over all 5 cultivars, comparisons between the 2 groups of trees indicated that CLM damage resulted in 6-fold increase in the number of lesions. No difference was found between the 2 groups with respect to numbers of canker lesions on leaves without CLM damage. In the second study, a survey of commercial citrus groves was conducted to investigate incidence of canker on leaves with and without CLM injury. Low percentages of leaves infected by citrus canker were observed during the survey, with a maximum of 15% of leaves infected in 1 grove. However, during late Jul and Aug in some grapefruit and lemon groves, an average of 79% of leaves with canker had lesions directly associated with CLM damage, and an average of 36 more lesions per leaf was present on leaves with CLM damage. Exacerbation of canker by CLM during Jul and Aug coincided with the time of year when environmental conditions are usually optimal for canker in Florida and when population levels of CLM usually are most abundant. Citrus growers managing citrus canker should benefit from controlling CLM during the summer when conditions are favorable for canker infections, particularly in lemons and grapefruits. C1 [Hall, David G.; Gottwald, Tim R.; Bock, Clive H.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. FU Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX The authors thank and acknowledge Christine Lynch, Debbie Flynn, and Reid Lewis (USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL) for assistance in this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement. This research was supported by a grant from the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 558 EP 566 DI 10.1653/024.093.0413 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200013 ER PT J AU Fothergill, K Woodley, NE Tindall, KV AF Fothergill, Kent Woodley, Norman E. Tindall, Kelly V. TI ZELIA TRICOLOR (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE): NEW HOST RECORDS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fothergill, Kent; Tindall, Kelly V.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Fothergill, Kent] Conservat Seeding & Restorat Inc, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Woodley, Norman E.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fothergill, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Delta Res Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 637 EP 638 DI 10.1653/024.093.0423 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200023 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW AF Pemberton, Robert W. TI THE FLYING SCARAB BEETLE GAMES OF WEST AFRICA AND THE AMERICAN SOUTH: CULTURAL TRANSFER OR PARALLEL EVOLUTION? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM rpemberton@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 647 EP 648 DI 10.1653/024.093.0427 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200027 ER PT J AU Hoddle, MS Brown, JW AF Hoddle, Mark S. Brown, John W. TI LEPIDOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH AVOCADO FRUIT IN GUATEMALA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; TORTRICIDAE; CLEMENS C1 [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Invas Species Res, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Brown, John W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hoddle, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 649 EP 650 DI 10.1653/024.093.0428 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200028 ER PT J AU He, YP Yao, XM Gunther, NW Xie, YP Tu, SI Shi, XM AF He, Yiping Yao, Xiaomin Gunther, Nereus W. Xie, Yanping Tu, Shu-I Shi, Xianming TI Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in Chickens Using a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Multiplex Real-Time PCR; Campylobacter Species; Detection; Chicken Samples ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; RAPID DETECTION; RETAIL CHICKEN; UPSALIENSIS; SAMPLES; INFECTION AB A multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the three most important Campylobacter species in chickens. Three novel sets of PCR primers and TaqMan probes were designed to amplify the unique DNA sequences within the hip, cdtA, and pepT genes which are specific to Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coil, and Campylobacter lari, respectively. To avoid competition in the multiple target amplifications, the concentrations of primers and probes were optimized. By using the optimized qPCR conditions together with a minor-groove binding probe of pepT, amplification efficiency greater than 92% and detection sensitivity of 38 genome copies/reaction have been achieved for all three targets. The assay was highly specific for C. jejuni, C. colt, and C. lari with testing of 33 Campylobacter strains and 20 non-Campylobacter strains. In chicken samples spiked with known quantities of Campylobacter cells, the assay was able to detect 1 CFU/g after a 24-h enrichment. Application of the assay in food was further evaluated using 21 fresh chicken samples obtained from local supermarkets. The results revealed that, after a 24-h or 48-h enrichment, 14 samples (66.7%) were positive for C. jejuni, five samples (23.8%) were positive for C. coil, and none of the samples was contaminated by C. lari. Taken together, the multiplex qPCR assay combined with an enrichment step is a sensitive, species-specific, and non-labor-intensive method suitable for rapid detection of C. jejuni, C. coil, and C. lari in chicken samples. C1 [He, Yiping; Gunther, Nereus W.; Tu, Shu-I] ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Yao, Xiaomin; Xie, Yanping; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Yao, Xiaomin; Xie, Yanping; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Bor Luh Food Safety Ctr, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP He, YP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM yiping.he@ars.usda.gov RI Xie, Yanping/C-7950-2016; Xu, Huanyu/C-7860-2016 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-9751 J9 FOOD ANAL METHOD JI Food Anal. Meth. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 SI SI BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s12161-010-9136-6 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 680ST UT WOS:000284255400005 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM DebRoy, C AF Fratamico, Pina M. DebRoy, Chitrita TI Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Food Using Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting the stx(1), stx(2), wzy(O157), and the fliC(h7) or eae Genes SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Food Detection; E. coli 0157:H7; Multiplex PCR; Real-time ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; O157-H7 INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSTIC PCR; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-BEEF; OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; SALMONELLA AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen, and foods of bovine origin and fresh produce have been linked to outbreaks. Real-time multiplex PCR assays were developed to detect E. coli 0157:H7 in different foods. Apple cider and raw milk (25 ml) and ground beef and lettuce (25 g) were inoculated with 2 or 20 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli O:1-17 380-94 and subjected to enrichment in RapidChek E. coli O157:H7 broth at 42 degrees C. One milliliter of the enrichments was removed at 8 and 20 h, and following DNA extraction, real-time multiplex PCR assays targeting the six(1), stx(2), and wzy(O157) genes in combination with probes and primers targeting either the fliC(h7) or the eae genes were performed using OmniMix HS beads and the SmartCycler. The sensitivity of the real-time multiplex PCR assay was about 225 CFU/PCR. E. coli O157:H7 was detected (fluorescent signal generated for all gene targets) in apple cider, raw milk, lettuce and ground beef samples inoculated with 2 or 20 CFU/g or 25 ml after both 8 and 20 h of enrichment. Enrichments of uninoculated food samples were negative using the multiplex PCR targeting the stx(1), stx(2), wzY(O157), and eae genes; however, using the assay targeting the stx(1), stx(2), wzy(O157), and fliC(h7) gene combination, a positive result was always obtained for the fliC(h7) gene using uninoculated ground beef enrichments. Use of other primer sets targeting the fliC(h7) gene gave similar results. The real-time multiplex PCR assays targeting the stx(1), stx(2), eae, and wzy(O157) or the fliC(h7) genes are sensitive and specific and can be used for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in food, except that the fliC(h7) gene may not be a suitable target for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef. C1 [Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [DebRoy, Chitrita] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, E Coil Reference Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-9751 J9 FOOD ANAL METHOD JI Food Anal. Meth. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 SI SI BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s12161-010-9140-x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 680ST UT WOS:000284255400006 ER PT J AU Ferrier, P AF Ferrier, Peyton TI Irradiation as a quarantine treatment SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Irradiation; Trade; Labeling; Phytosanitary; SPS; Invasive species ID CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY INDUSTRY; METHYL-BROMIDE BAN; MARKETS; FRUITS; TRADE AB Poor consumer acceptance and large fixed costs have limited the use of irradiation to increase food safety and mitigate pest risks. We discuss these challenges to irradiation's use as quarantine treatment and the growth of some irradiated fresh fruits imports since 2006. Lower regulatory barriers, changes to labeling requirements, and the curtailment of other quarantine treatments may de-stigmatize irradiation on the demand side while scale economies may reduce costs on the supply side. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ferrier, P (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM pferrier@ers.usda.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 6 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.06.001 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 681VA UT WOS:000284347700007 ER PT J AU Pasha, I Anjum, FM Morris, CF AF Pasha, I. Anjum, F. M. Morris, C. F. TI Grain Hardness: A Major Determinant of Wheat Quality SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE wheat quality; grain hardness; puroindolines ID KERNEL CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; PARTICLE-SIZE INDEX; END-USE QUALITY; PUROINDOLINE ALLELE DIVERSITY; STARCH GRANULE PROTEIN; RED SPRING WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; BAKING QUALITY; BREADMAKING QUALITY; WINTER WHEATS AB Wheat quality, a complex term, depends upon intentional use for unambiguous products. The foremost determinants of wheat quality are endosperm texture (grain hardness), protein content and gluten strength. Endosperm texture in wheat is the single most important and defining quality characteristic, as it facilitates wheat classification and affects milling, baking and end-use quality. Various techniques used for grain hardness measurement are classified into diverse groups according to grinding, crushing and abrasion. The most extensively used methods for texture measurement are PSI, NIR hardness, SKCS, pearling index, SDS-PAGE and PCR markers. Friabilin is a 15 kDa endosperm specific protein associated with starch granules of wheat grain and is unswervingly related to grain softness. Chemically, it is a concoction of different polypeptides, primarily puroindolines; Pin a and Pin b. Hardness (Ha) locus of chromosome 5DS makes the distinction between soft and hard classes of wheat. Some additional modifying genes are also present which contribute to the disparity within wheat classes. Numerous allelic mutations in Pin have been reported and their relation to end product quality has been established. This treatise elaborates the consequence of grain hardness in wheat eminence. C1 [Pasha, I.; Anjum, F. M.] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Natl Inst Food Sci & Technol, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. [Morris, C. F.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pasha, I (reprint author), Univ Agr Faisalabad, Natl Inst Food Sci & Technol, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. EM ipasha2001@yahoo.com RI Pasha, Imran/I-7234-2015; anjum, Faqir/F-5883-2015 NR 188 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 35 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1082-0132 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT JI Food Sci. Technol. Int. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1177/1082013210379691 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 695OM UT WOS:000285381700003 PM 21339167 ER PT J AU Olanya, M Nelson, R Hakiza, J Ewell, P El-Bedewy, R Kakuhenzire, R Namanda, S Kasheija, I Wagoire, W Ngombe, B Musoke, C AF Olanya, Modesto Nelson, Rebecca Hakiza, Johnson Ewell, Peter El-Bedewy, Ramzy Kakuhenzire, Rogers Namanda, Samuel Kasheija, Imelda Wagoire, Williams Ngombe, Brima Musoke, Charles TI Comparative assessment of pest management practices in potato production at Farmer Field Schools SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Farmers; Late blight; Bacterial wilt; IPM; Uganda; Solanum tuberosum; Food security AB Farmer field schools (FFS) and other participatory approaches are useful methods for rapid delivery of agricultural technologies, knowledge, and information in resource-constrained agro-ecosystems Cultivar selection, weekly fungicide applications and integrated disease management (IDM) based on a disease monitoring strategy were evaluated at FFS for late blight control Farmers' knowledge and perceptions of pest management and agronomic practices were also assessed for both FFS participants and non-participants from 1999-2002 Late blight development and tuber yield varied among field schools, but cultivars had significant effects on late blight severity and yield over a range of disease management options relative to the untreated check FFS participants and non-participants used diverse sources of pest management information, but differed significantly (P<0 05) in their use of management methods and practices Cultivar resistance and fungicides were ranked as major components of pest control by 18%-85% and 7%-30% of FFS participants and non-participants, respectively Differences in knowledge of cropping practices and pest biology, causal agents, disease symptoms, factors favoring disease development and cultural management of insects and storage pests were recorded Participatory field experiments, access to resistant cultivars, disease management and use of various agronomic practices learnt at FFS can greatly improve pest control and potato production C1 [Olanya, Modesto] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Nelson, Rebecca] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hakiza, Johnson] Kawanda Agr Res Inst, Kampala, Uganda. [Ewell, Peter] USAID REDSO, Nairobi, Kenya. [El-Bedewy, Ramzy] Agr Res Ctr, Giza, Egypt. [Kakuhenzire, Rogers; Namanda, Samuel] Lias Off, Int Potato Ctr, SSA, Kampala, Uganda. [Kasheija, Imelda; Wagoire, Williams] NARO, Kachwekano Zonal Agr Res & Dev Inst, Kabale, Uganda. [Ngombe, Brima; Musoke, Charles] Africare Kabale, Kabale, Uganda. RP Olanya, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. FU International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) FX We thank the International Potato Center (CIP), Regional Office Nairobi, Kenya, The International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru, The National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Uganda, Africare (Uganda), and the New England Plant, Soil and Water Laboratory for technical and logistical support We are grateful for funding support for this project from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) The technical support of Peace Kankwatsa, Geoffrey Arinatwe, and Doreen Rukuba as FFS facilitators is appreciated We acknowledge the cooperation of farmers and other stakeholders who participated in the FFS project in Southwestern Uganda NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s12571-010-0080-5 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 691LI UT WOS:000285080900005 ER PT J AU Kannan, P Yong, HY Reiman, L Cleaver, C Patel, P Bhagwat, AA AF Kannan, Porteen Yong, Ho Yao Reiman, Lucy Cleaver, Claire Patel, Pradip Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Bacteriophage-Based Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates from Ground Beef SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ADENYLATE KINASE; O157-H7; ASSAY; FOOD; OPTIMIZATION; ENTERITIDIS; STRAINS AB We investigated the efficacy of bacteriophage-based detection technology to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 from ground beef. The assay involved a short enrichment period of 8 h followed by capture of the pathogen on O157-specific immunomagnetic beads. The captured cells were treated with O157-specific lytic bacteriophage, CSLO157. Upon phage-induced lysis, the enzyme adenylate kinase, which was released from the lysed cells, was measured in terms of relative light units using luciferin-luciferase assay. The plaque forming efficiency (e.g., phage susceptibility) and ability to capture cells with immunomagnetic beads were examined using an array of 74 E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained from various clinical and foodborne samples. Immunmagnetic beads successfully captured all 74 isolates; however, only 53 isolates showed susceptibility toward the bacteriophage. Susceptible isolates were further classified into two broad groups, moderately sensitive isolates, which generated phage titer similar to 10(7) pfu/mL (group I, n = 15), and highly susceptible isolates, which generated high phage titer similar to 10(9) pfu/mL (group II, n = 8). We selected 15 isolates (9 from group I and 6 from group II) and individually spiked beef samples (ca. 3-8 cells/25g beef) to evaluate the bacteriophage-based detection system. Eight out of nine isolates from group I and all six isolates from group II were successfully detected. Pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to other serogroups (12 serogroups, 67 isolates) as well as nontarget microorganisms (n = 18) were not lysed by the bacteriophage and hence were not detected. The method is high-throughput compatible, is rapid, and can provide live culture the following day by streaking an aliquot before phage lysis on conventional selective agar media. C1 [Kannan, Porteen; Yong, Ho Yao; Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reiman, Lucy; Cleaver, Claire; Patel, Pradip] Alaska Food Diagnost, Salisbury, Wilts, England. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov OI Kannan, Porteen/0000-0002-6925-328X NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1551 EP 1558 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0634 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 688GH UT WOS:000284837300014 PM 20807109 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Cousens, RD Hill, J Mack, RN Simberloff, D Raghu, S AF Davis, Adam S. Cousens, Roger D. Hill, Jason Mack, Richard N. Simberloff, Daniel Raghu, S. TI Screening bioenergy feedstock crops to mitigate invasion risk SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID REED ARUNDO-DONAX; ASSESSMENT MODEL; WEED; BIOFUELS; SWITCHGRASS; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; ILLINOIS; PLANTS AB The cultivation of plants for the production of hydrocarbon fuels is gaining global momentum. These biofuels offer potential benefits as alternatives to fossil fuels, but mitigating any environmental risks posed by largescale cultivation of bioenergy feedstock (biofeedstock) species poses new challenges: some proposed biofuel crops have become naturalized, and even invasive; the relative risks and benefits of growing monocultures versus polycultures of biofeedstock species require more thorough examination; and prompt development of a robust ecological risk assessment framework and careful screening are needed before these biofuel species are widely cultivated. Greater collaboration between agronomists developing crops for biofeedstock production and invasion biologists could substantially lower the risk of new plant invasions. C1 [Davis, Adam S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Cousens, Roger D.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Resource Management & Geog, Richmond, Vic, Australia. [Hill, Jason] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mack, Richard N.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Simberloff, Daniel] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Raghu, S.] Arid Zone Res Inst, Alice Springs, NT, Australia. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL USA. EM asdavis1@illinois.edu RI Raghu, S./A-1281-2010; Hill, Jason/A-8919-2008 OI Raghu, S./0000-0001-5843-5435; Hill, Jason/0000-0001-7609-6713 FU Weed Science Society of America; USDA NRI [2007-02892] FX Funding for the symposium Invasive Plant Species and the New Bioeconomy was provided by the Weed Science Society of America and the USDA NRI Weedy and Invasive Species competitive grants program, project # 2007-02892. NR 50 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 10 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1890/090030 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 693FY UT WOS:000285211200020 ER PT J AU Dai, YT Jia, YL Correll, J Wang, XY Wang, YL AF Dai, Yuntao Jia, Yulin Correll, James Wang, Xueyan Wang, Yanli TI Diversification and evolution of the avirulence gene AVR-Pita1 in field isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Magnaporthe oryzae; Effector; Metalloprotease; Evolution; Signal recognition ID RICE BLAST RESISTANCE; PI-TA; REPEAT PROTEIN; GRISEA; FUNGUS; SPECIFICITY; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; ENCODES AB Rice blast disease is the single most destructive plant disease that threatens stable rice production worldwide Race-specific resistance to the rice blast pathogen has not been durable and the mechanism by which the resistance is overcome remains largely unknown Here we report the molecular mechanisms of diversification and the instability of the avirulence gene AVR Pita1 in field strains of Magnaporthe oryzae interacting with the host resistance gene Pi to and triggering race-specific resistance Two-base pair insertions resulting in frame-shift mutations and partial and complete deletions of AVR-Pita1 were identified in virulent isolates Moreover a total of 38 AVR-Pita1 haplotypes encoding 27 AVR-Pita1 variants were identified among 151 avirulent isolates Most DNA sequence variation was found to occur in the exon region resulting in amino acid substitution These findings demonstrate that AVR-Pita1 is under positive selection and mutations of AVR-Pita1 are responsible for defeating race-specific resistance in nature Published by Elsevier Inc C1 [Dai, Yuntao; Jia, Yulin] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Dai, Yuntao; Correll, James] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wang, Xueyan] China Jiliang Univ, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yanli] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. FU Rice Research and Promotion Board FX We thank the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board for their financial support to Yuntao Dai Asia Rice Travel Grant Foundation USA for supporting Yuntao Dai s traveling expenses and all supporting staff members of DB NRRC and cooperators for technical assistance and useful discussions NR 48 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 47 IS 12 BP 973 EP 980 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.08.003 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 693PG UT WOS:000285235400003 PM 20719251 ER PT J AU Gavrilenko, T Antonova, O Ovchinnikova, A Novikova, L Krylova, E Mironenko, N Pendinen, G Islamshina, A Shvachko, N Kiru, S Kostina, L Afanasenko, O Spooner, D AF Gavrilenko, Tatjana Antonova, Olga Ovchinnikova, Anna Novikova, Lubov Krylova, Ekaterina Mironenko, Nina Pendinen, Galina Islamshina, Anna Shvachko, Natalia Kiru, Stephan Kostina, Ludmila Afanasenko, Olga Spooner, David TI A microsatellite and morphological assessment of the Russian National cultivated potato collection SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cultivated potato; Gene bank collection; Morphology; Nuclear SSRs; Solanum; Taxonomy ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; JUZEPCZUKII BUK; CURTILOBUM JUZ; POPULATIONS; SSRS AB The germplasm collections of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, Russia represent the first germplasm collection made for potatoes, now numbering 8,680 accessions. It has tremendous historical and practical importance and a rich history, having been used to document a polyploid series in the cultivated species, to formulate initial taxonomic hypotheses in potato, for studies of interspecific hybridization, and serving as the germplasm base for Russian breeding efforts. Despite its importance and size, there has never been a study of its molecular diversity, and there were many gaps in its passport data. The purpose of the present study is to obtain morphological, ploidy, and microsatellite (SSR) data needed to set up a useful subset of the collection of cultivated potatoes and closely related wild species, and to use this collection to study cultivated potato taxonomy and phylogeny. Through assessments of viability, passport data, and chromosome counts, we selected a subset of 238 cultivated and 54 wild accessions. A morphological and nuclear SSR study of these collections distinguished only three cultivated species: Solanum curtilobum, S. juzepczukii and S. tuberosum, not the many more cultivated potato species of prior taxonomic treatments. The SSR study supports the ideas of S. acaule as one of the parental species for S. curtilobum and S. juzepczukii. The morphological and SSR results are very similar to other recent studies of cultivated species, and show the need to reclassify the collection of cultivated potatoes by modern taxonomic criteria. C1 [Gavrilenko, Tatjana; Antonova, Olga; Ovchinnikova, Anna; Krylova, Ekaterina; Pendinen, Galina; Islamshina, Anna; Shvachko, Natalia] NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, Dept Biotechnol, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Antonova, Olga; Mironenko, Nina; Afanasenko, Olga] State Sci Estab All Russian Inst Plant Protect SS, St Petersburg 196608, Russia. [Kiru, Stephan; Kostina, Ludmila] NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, Dept Potato Genet Resources, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Spooner, David] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gavrilenko, T (reprint author), NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, Dept Biotechnol, Bolshaya Morskaya St 44-22, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. EM tatjana9972@yandex.ru; olgaant326@yandex.ru; annaspb.83@mail.ru; lubov.novikova@mail.ru; katrin@newmail.ru; nina2601mir@mail.ru; pendinen@mail.ru; n_shvachko@mail.ru; step_kiru@imail.ru; olga.afanasenko@gmail.com; david.spooner@ars.usda.gov OI Kiru, Stepan/0000-0002-8648-3837; Antonova, Olga/0000-0001-8334-8069 FU International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) [3329]; ARS/USDA; NSF [DEB 0316614] FX This study was supported by International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), grant no. 3329, by the ARS/USDA (http://www.vir.nw.ru/biot), and by NSF DEB 0316614 entitled PBI Solanum: A worldwide treatment (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/projects/solanaceaesource//). NR 40 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1164 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9554-8 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 687KM UT WOS:000284777400005 ER PT J AU Levi, A Harris, KR Wechter, WP Kousik, CS Thies, JA AF Levi, A. Harris, K. R. Wechter, W. P. Kousik, C. S. Thies, J. A. TI DNA markers and pollen morphology reveal that Praecitrullus fistulosus is more closely related to Benincasa hispida than to Citrullus spp. SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Benincasa; Citrullus; Cucurbitaceae; EST-SSR; Germplasm; Praecitrullus; Similarity index; SRAP ID WATERMELON FRUIT; CUCURBITACEAE; EVOLUTION; LANATUS; GENES; ARABIDOPSIS; PHYLOGENY; DIVERSITY; ORIGIN; NAKAI AB The round melon Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo has been cultivated in Asia since ancient times and has been considered an underexploited crop in the western world. In the USA, there is an increased interest in using P. fistulosus as a commercial vegetable, and possibly as a rootstock for grafting watermelon, melon, or cucumber. However, the taxonomic classification of P. fistulosus is incomplete and for many years it has been considered a close relative of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris (Schrad. ex Eckl. et Zeyh.) Fursa] and was previously classified as Citrullus lanatus subsp. fistulosus (Stocks) Duthie et J.B. Fuller. Here, we used two sets of DNA markers to assess the genetic similarity of P. fistulosus in relation to Citrullus spp. {including Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris, C. lanatus subsp. lanatus, Citroides group [also known as C. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai subsp. lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.], and C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad.}, Cucumis spp. (including C. melo, C. sativus, C. anguria, C. meeusei, C. zeyheri), Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. and Cucurbita spp. (including C. moschata Duchesne and the winter squash C. maxima Duchesne). The first marker set comprised 501 markers that were produced by 38 primer pairs derived from watermelon expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) containing simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs (designated as EST-SSR primers; produced 311 markers), and by 18 primer pairs derived from ESTs that do not contain SSR motives (designated here as EST-PCR primers; produced 190 markers). The second marker set comprised 628 markers that were produced by 18 sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer pairs. The phylogenetic data indicated that among these cucurbit species, the wax gourd B. hispida is the closest to the P. fistulosus. Pollen observations, using light microscopy, indicated that each of the cucurbit genera examined here has unique pollen morphology. The Cucurbita spp. have globular pollen grains with a stigmatic surface. The L. siceraria has polygonal pollen grains with symmetrical boundaries, while the Citrullus spp. and Cucumis spp. have ovular (conical) and triangular shaped pollen grains (respectively). The B. hispida and P. fistulosus have spherical or semispherical pollen grains. These pollen features appear to be in agreement with the phylogenetic relationships of these two species based on DNA markers. Analysis with 12 SRAP primer pairs revealed low genetic diversity among 18 United States Plant Introductions (PIs) of P. fistulosus, indicating the need to expand the germplasm collection of this cucurbit crop. C1 [Levi, A.; Harris, K. R.; Wechter, W. P.; Kousik, C. S.; Thies, J. A.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Amnon.Levi@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 EI 1573-5109 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1191 EP 1205 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9559-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 687KM UT WOS:000284777400008 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Saha, S AF Wu, Jixiang Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Saha, Sukumar TI Genetic effects of individual chromosomes in cotton cultivars detected by using chromosome substitution lines as genetic probes SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Chromosome substitution line; Genetic effects ID GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L.; UPLAND COTTON; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; X ENVIRONMENT; QTL ANALYSIS; HIRSUTUM L; WHEAT; FIBER; LOCI; LOCATION AB Determination of chromosomes or chromosome arms with desirable genes in different inbred lines and/or crosses should provide useful genetic information for crop improvement. In this study, we applied a modified additive-dominance model to analyze a data set of 13 cotton chromosome substitution lines and their recurrent parent TM-1, five commercial cultivars, and their 70 F(2) hybrids. The chromosome additive and dominance variance components for eight agronomic and fiber traits were determined. On average, each chromosome or chromosome arm was associated with 6.5 traits in terms of additive and/or dominance effects. The chromosomes or chromosome arms, which contributed significant additive variances for the traits investigated, included 2, 16, 18, 25, 5sh (short arm), 14sh, 15sh, 22sh, and 22Lo (long arm). Chromosome additive effects were also predicted in this study. The results showed that CS-B 25 was favorably associated with several fiber traits, while FM966 was favorably associated with both yield and fiber traits with alleles on multiple chromosomes or chromosome arms. Thus, this study should provide valuable genetic information on pure line development for several improved traits such as yield and fiber quality. C1 [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C.; Saha, Sukumar] ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wu, Jixiang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jack.mccarty@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 11-12 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1007/s10709-010-9507-3 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 700NC UT WOS:000285749300008 PM 20976561 ER PT J AU Li, XB Yan, WG Agrama, H Hu, BL Jia, LM Jia, ML Jackson, A Moldenhauer, K McClung, A Wu, DX AF Li, Xiaobai Yan, Wengui Agrama, Hesham Hu, Biaolin Jia, Limeng Jia, Melissa Jackson, Aaron Moldenhauer, Karen McClung, Anna Wu, Dianxing TI Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of genetic differentiation and diversity in the USDA rice mini-core collection SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Mini-core collection; Rice; Phenotype; Genotype; Diversity; Differentiation ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PEANUT GERMPLASM COLLECTION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RESOURCES; SUBSET; RESISTANCE; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VARIETIES AB A rice mini-core collection consisting of 217 accessions has been developed to represent the USDA core and whole collections that include 1,794 and 18,709 accessions, respectively. To improve the efficiency of mining valuable genes and broadening the genetic diversity in breeding, genetic structure and diversity were analyzed using both genotypic (128 molecular markers) and phenotypic (14 numerical traits) data. This mini-core had 13.5 alleles per locus, which is the most among the reported germplasm collections of rice. Similarly, polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.71 in the mini-core which is the highest with one exception. The high genetic diversity in the mini-core suggests there is a good possibility of mining genes of interest and selecting parents which will improve food production and quality. A model-based clustering analysis resulted in lowland rice including three groups, aus (39 accessions), indica (71) and their admixtures (5), upland rice including temperate japonica (32), tropical japonica (40), aromatic (6) and their admixtures (12) and wild rice (12) including glaberrima and four other species of Oryza. Group differentiation was analyzed using both genotypic distance Fst from 128 molecular markers and phenotypic (Mahalanobis) distance D(2) from 14 traits. Both dendrograms built by Fst and D(2) reached similar-differentiative relationship among these genetic groups, and the correlation coefficient showed high value 0.85 between Fst matrix and D(2) matrix. The information of genetic and phenotypic differentiation could be helpful for the association mapping of genes of interest. Analysis of genotypic and phenotypic diversity based on genetic structure would facilitate parent selection for broadening genetic base of modern rice cultivars via breeding effort. C1 [Jia, Limeng; Wu, Dianxing] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, IAEA Collaborating Ctr, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaobai] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaobai; Agrama, Hesham; Jia, Limeng; Moldenhauer, Karen] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Li, Xiaobai; Yan, Wengui; Jia, Limeng; Jia, Melissa; Jackson, Aaron; McClung, Anna] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Hu, Biaolin] Jiangxi Acad Agr Sci, Rice Res Inst, Nanchang, Peoples R China. RP Wu, DX (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, IAEA Collaborating Ctr, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov; dxwu@zju.edu.cn NR 53 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 11-12 BP 1221 EP 1230 DI 10.1007/s10709-010-9521-5 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 700NC UT WOS:000285749300013 PM 21080033 ER PT J AU Wang, RRC Larson, SR Jensen, KB AF Wang, Richard R. -C. Larson, Steven R. Jensen, Kevin B. TI Analyses of Thinopyrum bessarabicum, T-elongatum, and T-junceum chromosomes using EST-SSR markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE synteny; genome; gene transfer; Triticeae; wheat alien addition line ID ALIEN SPECIES DERIVATIVES; DISOMIC ADDITION LINES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GENOME ANALYSIS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; COMPARATIVE GENETICS; PARTIAL AMPHIPLOIDS; AGROPYRON-JUNCEUM; BREAD WHEAT AB Wild Thinopyrum grasses are important gene pools for forage and cereal crops. Knowledge of their chromosome organizations is pivotal for efficient utilization of this important gene pool in germplasm enhancement programs. Expressed sequence tags derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers for Thinopyrum bessarabicum, T. elongatum, and T. junceum chromosomes were identified among amplicons produced from three series of wheat-Thinopyrum addition lines using 193 primer pairs designed from the Leymus EST unigenes. The homology of T. junceum chromosomes in 13 wheat addition lines was tentatively established to reveal that homologous groups 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were represented by HD3515, HD3505, AJDAj11, AJDAj1, and HD3508, whereas groups 1 and 2 were represented by AJADj7-AJDAj9 and AJDAj2-AJDAj4, respectively. AJDAj5 and AJDAj6 had complexly reconstituted T. junceum chromosomes that might have resulted from fusion or translocations of large chromosomal segments from two or more chromosomes, that is (1+5) and (2+5+1), respectively. The identified EST-SSR markers will be useful in comparative gene mapping, chromosome tracing, taxonomic studies, gene introgression, and cultivar identification. C1 [Wang, Richard R. -C.; Larson, Steven R.; Jensen, Kevin B.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Richard.Wang@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1083 EP 1089 DI 10.1139/G10-088 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 697YK UT WOS:000285555500005 PM 21164540 ER PT J AU Swanson-Wagner, RA Eichten, SR Kumari, S Tiffin, P Stein, JC Ware, D Springer, NM AF Swanson-Wagner, Ruth A. Eichten, Steven R. Kumari, Sunita Tiffin, Peter Stein, Joshua C. Ware, Doreen Springer, Nathan M. TI Pervasive gene content variation and copy number variation in maize and its undomesticated progenitor SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BALSAS RIVER VALLEY; HUMAN GENOME; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; FUNCTIONAL IMPACT; HUMAN-DISEASE; WHOLE-GENOME; EVOLUTION; DUPLICATION; DIVERSITY AB Individuals of the same species are generally thought to have very similar genomes. However, there is growing evidence that structural variation in the form of copy number variation (CNV) and presence-absence variation (PAV) can lead to variation in the genome content of individuals within a species. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to compare gene content and copy number variation among 19 diverse maize inbreds and 14 genotypes of the wild ancestor of maize, teosinte. We identified 479 genes exhibiting higher copy number in some genotypes (UpCNV) and 3410 genes that have either fewer copies or are missing in the genome of at least one genotype relative to B73 (DownCNV/PAV). Many of these DownCNV/PAV are examples of genes present in B73, but missing from other genotypes. Over 70% of the CNV/PAV examples are identified in multiple genotypes, and the majority of events are observed in both maize and teosinte, suggesting that these variants predate domestication and that there is not strong selection acting against them. Many of the genes affected by CNV/PAV are either maize specific (thus possible annotation artifacts) or members of large gene families, suggesting that the gene loss can be tolerated through buffering by redundant functions encoded elsewhere in the genome. While this structural variation may not result in major qualitative variation due to genetic buffering, it may significantly contribute to quantitative variation. C1 [Swanson-Wagner, Ruth A.; Eichten, Steven R.; Tiffin, Peter; Springer, Nathan M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kumari, Sunita; Stein, Joshua C.; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Ware, Doreen] ARS, USDA, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Springer, Nathan M.] Univ Minnesota, Microbial & Plant Genom Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Springer, NM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM springer@umn.edu RI Springer, Nathan/F-2680-2013; Selman, Michelle/D-1394-2009; OI Springer, Nathan/0000-0002-7301-4759; Eichten, Steven/0000-0003-2268-395X FU USDA [1907-21000-030-00]; Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute; National Science Foundation [IOS-0922095, DBI-0527192] FX We thank John Doebley who very graciously provided stocks of the inbred teosinte lines, and several anonymous reviewers who provided very helpful suggestions for analyses. Peter Hermanson helped with DNA isolation and microarray hybridization. The Minnesota Supercomputing Institute provided access to software and user support for data analyses. This project was supported by USDA Hatch funds, the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, and a grant from the National Science Foundation to N.M.S. (IOS-0922095), and by grants from the NSF (DBI-0527192) and USDA (1907-21000-030-00) to D.W. NR 86 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 4 U2 34 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1689 EP 1699 DI 10.1101/gr.109165.110 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 688FK UT WOS:000284835000008 PM 21036921 ER PT J AU Uresk, DW Juntti, T Javersak, J AF Uresk, Daniel W. Juntti, Tom Javersak, Jody TI Monitoring standing herbage on granitic soils in the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, USA SO GRASSLAND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grazing; livestock; Robel pole; vegetation; wildlife ID MODIFIED ROBEL POLE; VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; GRASSLAND VEGETATION; CROP AB Monitoring annual herbage use in rangelands is desirable for scientific management but problematic due to the difficulty and expense of making direct measurements of sufficient precision. We used a Robel pole with 1.27 cm alternating white and gray bands to indirectly measure standing herbage. This technique enables a smooth transition in the basis of annual use monitoring from percent use to residual herbage and overcomes the difficulties alluded to above. Our study was conducted in the southern Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming on granitic soils and within the Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) vegetation type. The objectives were to develop and validate the relationship between Robel pole visual obstruction readings and clipped standing herbage, and develop guidelines for monitoring and estimation of optimum sample size. Clipped standing herbage ranged from 134 to 3792 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1 with a mean of 1558 kg DM ha-1. Visually obstructed bands (band = 1.27 cm) averaged 6.1 and ranged from 0.2 to 19.5. Approximately 75% of the variation in standing herbage was explained by linear regression on visual obstruction measurements. Both intercept and slope of the regression were highly significant (P = 0.001). The standard error of the estimate for a single observation was 458 kg DM ha-1. Cluster analyses grouped the visual obstruction readings into four management categories. This monitoring tool provides pertinent information for managers to develop guidelines based on band and/or standing herbage for natural areas, wildlife and livestock use. C1 [Uresk, Daniel W.; Juntti, Tom; Javersak, Jody] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Uresk, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 231 E St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD USA. EM duresk@fs.fed.us FU Bighorn National Forest FX The authors would like to thank the Bighorn National Forest for partial funding of this study. Thanks are extended to staff of the Bighorn National Forest: Scott Gall, Homer Morris, Beth Bischoff and David Beard. Rudy King, Rocky Mountain Station Biometrician provided statistical advice. Thanks are extended to Christina Nielson, Ben Hauser, Justin Boyd, Tyrel Schmelz and Aurora Roemmich for collection of data. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-6961 J9 GRASSL SCI JI Grassl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 4 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1111/j.1744-697X.2010.00193.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 692LU UT WOS:000285155100001 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA Sisterson, MS AF Ledbetter, Craig A. Sisterson, Mark S. TI Carpological Variability of Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb cv. Nonpareil] in a Single Orchard during Seven Consecutive Harvests SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dimensional analysis; evaluation; regression; varietal standard ID INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS; TRAITS AB A multiyear study was conducted in California's San Joaquin Valley to examine variability of carpological characteristics of the popular Nonpareil almond cultivar. Samples of 'Nonpareil' almond fruit were collected from a single orchard during seven consecutive harvests and evaluated for 19 specific carpological characters. Harvest year significantly affected all measured variables. Of the evaluated characters, fruit weight was the most variable between years, whereas kernel percentage was one of the least variable characters. As a result of year-to-year variability in carpological characters, the relationship between kernel weight and all other measured variables was investigated to determine if regression models could better describe kernels. Kernel weight best explained variability in kernel surface area (R(2) = 0.943) with year-to-year variability having only a minor affect on the relationship. The results indicate that 'Nonpareil' almonds cannot be described using simple metrics and that definitive metrics must be able to account for differences among years. C1 [Ledbetter, Craig A.; Sisterson, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Craig.Ledbetter@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1788 EP 1792 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 695LO UT WOS:000285371800004 ER PT J AU Samtani, JB Ajwa, HA Goodhue, RE Daugovish, O Kabir, Z Fennimore, SA AF Samtani, Jayesh B. Ajwa, Husein A. Goodhue, Rachael E. Daugovish, Oleg Kabir, Zahanghir Fennimore, Steven A. TI Weed Control Efficacy and Economics of 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin Applied at Reduced Rates under Impermeable Film in Strawberry Beds SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria xananassa; methyl bromide; virtually impermeable film; fumigant emission reduction; weed control ID DRIP-APPLIED 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; PLASTIC FILMS; VOLATILIZATION; PERMEABILITY; FUMIGANTS; NUTSEDGE; SOIL AB Fumigants are used to control soilborne pests before planting high-value crops such as strawberry. The use of specialized tarps during fumigation can reduce fumigant emissions and mitigate the need for large butler zone requirements mandated by regulators. Increased fumigant retention by use of barrier films during fumigant application may increase fumigant retention and allow use of lower fumigant rates to control soil pests than would be needed with permeable film. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum effective rates of the alternative fumigants, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + chloropicrin (Pic), and Pic required under virtually impermeable film (VIF) and a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp to provide weed control equivalent to methyl bromide:chloropicrin (67/33% v/v MBPic) standard soil fumigation at 392 kg center dot ha(-1) under HDPE. A second objective was to determine fumigant rates under VIF and HDPE tarps needed to provide weed control and the economic costs of using VI F and reduced rates of the alternative fumigants. In 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 growing seasons, the fumigants 1,3-D+ Pic and Pic were tested at 0, 56, 112, 224, 336, and 448 kg center dot ha(-1) under HDPE and VIF tarps at Oxnard and Watsonville, CA. An untreated control and a MBPic standard at 392 kg center dot ha(-1) were also included in the study. Weed control was assessed using weed propagule viability bioassays for four common weeds, time required for hand weeding, and weed fresh biomass. The fumigant rate that would be needed for a 90% reduction in viability (GR(90)) for all weeds was 21% to 84% less for 1,3-D + Pic under VIF compared with the HDPE tarp. For Pic, the GR90 values were 5% to 64% less under VIF compared with the HOPE tarp. Hand weeding times and weed biomass decreased with increasing fumigant rates. With the exception of Pic in 2002-2003 at Oxnard, VIF reduced the rate required for weed control compared with the HDPE tarp for both fumigants and at both locations. Economic benefits of VI F relative to the HDPE tarp were not consistent and additional work is needed to quantify these relationships and the production conditions under which VIF will be beneficial. C1 [Samtani, Jayesh B.; Ajwa, Husein A.; Fennimore, Steven A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Goodhue, Rachael E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Daugovish, Oleg] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Kabir, Zahanghir] NRCS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM safennimore@ucdavis.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2002-51102-01924] FX The USDA-CSREES Methyl Bromide Transitions Program (2002-51102-01924) provided financial support for this project. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1841 EP 1847 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 695LO UT WOS:000285371800014 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Ayala-Silva, T Irish, BM AF Meerow, Alan W. Ayala-Silva, Tomas Irish, Brian M. TI Turnera diffusa 'Luisa', a Drought-tolerant Small Shrub for Warm Climates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ULMIFOLIA; FAMILIES C1 [Meerow, Alan W.; Ayala-Silva, Tomas] ARS, USDA, SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Irish, Brian M.] ARS, USDA, TARS, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1895 EP 1896 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 695LO UT WOS:000285371800026 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ Cosh, MH Bindlish, R Starks, PJ Bosch, DD Seyfried, M Goodrich, DC Moran, MS Du, JY AF Jackson, Thomas J. Cosh, Michael H. Bindlish, Rajat Starks, Patrick J. Bosch, David D. Seyfried, Mark Goodrich, David C. Moran, Mary Susan Du, Jinyang TI Validation of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Soil Moisture Products SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E); passive microwave; soil moisture; validation ID E LAND OBSERVATIONS; AMSR-E; UNITED-STATES; WATER CONTENT; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; TEMPORAL STABILITY; VEGETATION; RETRIEVAL; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM AB Validation is an important and particularly challenging task for remote sensing of soil moisture. A key issue in the validation of soil moisture products is the disparity in spatial scales between satellite and in situ observations. Conventional measurements of soil moisture are made at a point, whereas satellite sensors provide an integrated area/volume value for a much larger spatial extent. In this paper, four soil moisture networks were developed and used as part of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) validation program. Each network is located in a different climatic region of the U. S., and provides estimates of the average soil moisture over highly instrumented experimental watersheds and surrounding areas that approximate the size of the AMSR-E footprint. Soil moisture measurements have been made at these validation sites on a continuous basis since 2002, which provided a seven-year period of record for this analysis. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) standard soil moisture products were compared to the network observations, along with two alternative soil moisture products developed using the single-channel algorithm (SCA) and the land parameter retrieval model (LPRM). The metric used for validation is the root-mean-square error (rmse) of the soil moisture estimate as compared to the in situ data. The mission requirement for accuracy defined by the space agencies is 0.06 m(3)/m(3). The statistical results indicate that each algorithm performs differently at each site. Neither the NASA nor the JAXA standard products provide reliable estimates for all the conditions represented by the four watershed sites. The JAXA algorithm performs better than the NASA algorithm under light-vegetation conditions, but the NASA algorithm is more reliable for moderate vegetation. However, both algorithms have a moderate to large bias in all cases. The SCA had the lowest overall rmse with a small bias. The LPRM had a very large overestimation bias and retrieval errors. When site-specific corrections were applied, all algorithms had approximately the same error level and correlation. These results clearly show that there is much room for improvement in the algorithms currently in use by JAXA and NASA. They also illustrate the potential pitfalls in using the products without a careful evaluation. C1 [Jackson, Thomas J.; Cosh, Michael H.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bindlish, Rajat] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Starks, Patrick J.] ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Bosch, David D.] ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Seyfried, Mark] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Goodrich, David C.; Moran, Mary Susan] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Du, Jinyang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Tom.Jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terrestrial Hydrology and Aqua Validation programs and by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ADEOS-II AMSR and GCOM-W programs. NR 52 TC 221 Z9 228 U1 7 U2 73 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 4256 EP 4272 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051035 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 681YY UT WOS:000284361800010 ER PT J AU Ryu, D Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Le Vine, DM Haken, M AF Ryu, Dongryeol Jackson, Thomas J. Bindlish, Rajat Le Vine, David M. Haken, Michael TI Soil Moisture Retrieval Using a Two-Dimensional L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radiometer in a Semiarid Environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aperture synthesis; microwave radiometry; remote sensing; soil moisture ID WATER-CONTENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; SMOS MISSION; VEGETATION; TOPOGRAPHY; AIRCRAFT; CAMPAIGN AB Surface soil moisture was retrieved from the L-band radiometer data collected in semiarid regions during the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2004. The 2-D synthetic aperture radiometer (2D-STAR) was flown over regional-scale study sites located in AZ, USA, and Sonora, Mexico (SO). The study sites are characterized by a range of topographic relief with a land cover that varies from bare soil to grass and scrubland and includes areas with high rock fraction near the soil surface. The 2D-STAR retrieval of soil moisture was in good agreement with the ground-based estimates of surface soil moisture in both AZ (rmse = 0.012 m(3) m(-3)) and SO (rmse = 0.011 m(3) m(-3)). The 2D-STAR also showed a good performance in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (rmse = 0.014 m(3) m(-3)) where the surface soil featured high rock fraction was as high as 60%. Comparison of the results with the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer at the C-and X-band data indicates the superior soil moisture retrieval performance of the L-band data over the regions with high rock fraction and moderate vegetation density. C1 [Ryu, Dongryeol] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Jackson, Thomas J.; Bindlish, Rajat] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bindlish, Rajat; Haken, Michael] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Le Vine, David M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Sci Branch, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ryu, D (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM Tom.Jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008 OI Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 4273 EP 4284 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051677 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 681YY UT WOS:000284361800011 ER PT J AU Seifert, KA Rossman, AY AF Seifert, Keith A. Rossman, Amy Y. TI How to describe a new fungal species SO IMA FUNGUS LA English DT Article DE Culture Collections; Herbaria; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Latin diagnoses; Molecular phylogenetics AB The formal requirements and best practices for the publication of descriptions of new fungal species are discussed. Expectations for DNA sequences and cultures are considered. A model manuscript offers one possible approach to writing such a paper. C1 [Seifert, Keith A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Biodivers Mycol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Rossman, Amy Y.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Seifert, KA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Biodivers Mycol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM Keith.Seifert@AGR.GC.CA NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA C/O J TAYLOR, DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOLOGY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 2210-6340 EI 2210-6359 J9 IMA FUNGUS JI IMA Fungus PD DEC PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA V46TO UT WOS:000209906700019 PM 22679569 ER PT J AU Miyaji, T Murayama, S Kouzuma, Y Kimura, N Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ Yonekura, M AF Miyaji, Takayuki Murayama, Satoshi Kouzuma, Yoshiaki Kimura, Nobutada Kanost, Michael R. Kramer, Karl J. Yonekura, Masami TI Molecular cloning of a multidomain cysteine protease and protease inhibitor precursor gene from the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) and functional expression of the cathepsin F-like cysteine protease domain SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cysteine protease inhibitor; Cystatin; Cathepsin F-like protease; Manduca sexta; Multifunctional domains ID PEREGRINA FLESH FLY; SARCOPHAGA-PEREGRINA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CDNA; PROTEINASE; PURIFICATION; HEMOLYMPH; METAMORPHOSIS; LOCALIZATION; DROSOPHILA AB A Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) cysteine protease inhibitor, MsCPI, purified from larval hemolymph has an apparent molecular mass of 11.5 kDa, whereas the size of the mRNA is very large ( kilobases). MsCPI cDNA consists of a 9,273 nucleotides that encode a polypeptide of 2,676 amino acids, which includes nine tandemly repeated MsCPI domains, four cystatin-like domains and one procathepsin F-like domain. The procathepsin F-like domain protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and processed to its active mature form by incubation with pepsin. The mature enzyme hydrolyzed Z-Leu-Arg-MCA, Z-Phe-Arg-MCA and Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA rapidly, whereas hydrolysis of Suc-Leu-Tyr-MCA and Z-Arg-Arg-MCA was very slow. The protease was strongly inhibited by MsCPI, egg-white cystatin and sunflower cystatin with K(i) values in the nanomolar range. When the MsCPI tandem protein linked to two MsCPI domains was treated with proteases, it was degraded by the cathepsin F-like protease. However, tryptic digestion converted the MsCPI tandem protein to an active inhibitory form. These data support the hypothesis that the mature MsCPI protein is produced from the MsCPI precursor protein by trypsin-like proteases. The resulting mature MsCPI protein probably plays a role in the regulation of the activity of endogenous cysteine proteases. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Miyaji, Takayuki; Murayama, Satoshi; Kouzuma, Yoshiaki; Yonekura, Masami] Ibaraki Univ, Lab Food Mol Funct, Coll Agr, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. [Kimura, Nobutada] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Bioprod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. [Kanost, Michael R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kramer, Karl J.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Yonekura, M (reprint author), Ibaraki Univ, Lab Food Mol Funct, Coll Agr, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. EM yonekura@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 835 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.08.003 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 707OC UT WOS:000286294900001 PM 20727410 ER PT J AU Zhang, CN Luo, XX Ni, XZ Zhang, YL Li, XC AF Zhang, Chunni Luo, Xiangxia Ni, Xinzhi Zhang, Yalin Li, Xianchun TI Functional characterization of cis-acting elements mediating flavone-inducible expression of CYP321A1 SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allelochemical; cis-acting elements; Cytochrome P450; Helicoverpa zea; Transcriptional regulation ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GENES; PROMOTER; INDUCTION; FAMILY AB How plant allelochemicals elicit herbivore counterdefense genes remains largely unknown. To define the cis-acting elements for flavone inducibility of the allelochemical-metabolizing CYP321A1 from Helicoverpa zea, functions of varying length of CYP321A1 promoter are examined in H. zea fatbody cells. Progressive 3' deletions reveal presence of positive elements in the 5' untranslated region (UTR). Progressive 5' deletions map out regions of one essential element, four enhancers, and two silencers. Further progressive 5'deletions localize the essential element to a 36-bp region from -109 to -74. This essential element, designated as xenobiotic response element to flavone (XRE-Fla), contains a 5' AT-only TAAT inverted repeat, a GCT mirror repeat and a 3' antioxidant response element-like element. Internal deletions and substitution mutations show that the TAAT repeat is only necessary for the maximal flavone inducibility, whereas the other two components are necessary for the basal and flavone-induced expression of CYP321A1. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrate that XRE-Fla specifically binds to H. zea fatbody cell nuclear extracts and flavone treatment increases the nuclear concentrations of the yet-to-be characterized transcription factors binding to XRE-Fla. Taken together, CYP321A1 expression is regulated primarily by XRE-Fla and secondarily by other cis elements scattered in its promoter and 5' UTR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Chunni; Zhang, Yalin] NW A&F Univ, Key Lab Plant Protect Resources & Pest Integrated, Minist Educ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Chunni; Li, Xianchun] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zhang, Chunni; Li, Xianchun] Univ Arizona, Inst B105, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Luo, Xiangxia] Univ Arizona, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Li, XC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lxc@email.arizona.edu RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture; China Scholarship Council FX We thank Dr. Chonglie Ma and Mr. Andrew Wong for technical assistance and Dr. Cynthia L Goodman for providing the H. zea fatbody cell line. Dr. Song Chen made the CYP321A1DL6-pGEM-T construct that contains the proximal coding sequence and promoter of CYP321A1 and the upstream CYP321A2 and its 5'flanking sequence. This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Hatch grant to X. Li and China Scholarship Council scholarship to C. Zhang. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 898 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.09.003 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 707OC UT WOS:000286294900008 PM 20854909 ER PT J AU Fan, JT Miller, DR Zhang, LW Sun, JH AF Fan, Jian-Ting Miller, Daniel R. Zhang, Long-Wa Sun, Jiang-Hua TI Effects of bark beetle pheromones on the attraction of Monochamus alternatus to pine volatiles SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bark beetle pheromones; Dryocoetes luteus; Monochamus alternatus; Orthotomicus erosus; pine volatiles ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ORTHOTOMICUS-EROSUS; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; COLEOPTERA; CERAMBYCIDAE; HOST; SCOLYTIDAE; SAWYER; (-)-ALPHA-PINENE; MONOTERPENES AB We evaluated the attraction of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Dryocoetes luteus Blandford and Orthotomicus erosus Wollaston (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with the pine volatiles, ethanol and (+)-alpha-pinene and the bark beetle pheromones, ipsenol and ipsdienol. M. alternatus were attracted to traps baited with ethanol and (+)-alpha-pinene but not those baited with ipsdienol and ipsenol. Ipsdienol and ipsenol decreased catches of M. alternatus in traps baited with ethanol and (+)-alpha-pinene. Traps baited with either binary combinations of ethanol and (+)-alpha-pinene or ipsdienol and ipsenol were attractive to D. luteus and O. erosus. The addition of ipsenol and ipsdienol to traps baited with ethanol and (+)-alpha-pinene synergized attraction of O. erosus but not D. luteus. C1 [Fan, Jian-Ting; Sun, Jiang-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Fan, Jian-Ting] Zhejiang Forestry Univ, Sch Forestry & Biotechnol, Linan, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Miller, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Zhang, Long-Wa] Anhui Agr Univ, Sch Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Hefei, Peoples R China. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, 1 Beichen W Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn FU State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents [ChineseIPM0904]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [30800107, 30621003, 30525009] FX This work was funded by the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (Grant No. ChineseIPM0904) and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (30800107, 30621003, 30525009). All experiments were done in China according to the rules of the ethical board for animal experiments, complying with the current laws of this country. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 6 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01338.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 687HD UT WOS:000284768700008 ER PT J AU Possenti, A Cherchi, S Bertuccini, L Pozio, E Dubey, JP Spano, F AF Possenti, Alessia Cherchi, Simona Bertuccini, Lucia Pozio, Edoardo Dubey, J. P. Spano, Furio TI Molecular characterisation of a novel family of cysteine-rich proteins of Toxoplasma gondii and ultrastructural evidence of oocyst wall localisation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Oocyst wall; Cysteine-rich repeat; TgOWPs; Multigene family; cDNA cloning ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; EIMERIA-MAXIMA; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; GENOME-SEQUENCE; CROSS-LINKING; MACROGAMETE; DITYROSINE; SPOROZOITES; SPOROCYSTS; GREGARINE AB Among apicomplexan parasites, the coccidia and Cryptosporidium spp. are important pathogens of livestock and humans, and the environmentally resistant stage (oocyst) is essential for their transmission. Little is known of the chemical and molecular composition of the oocyst wall. Currently, the only parasite molecules shown to be involved in oocyst wall formation are the tyrosine-rich proteins gam56, gam82 and gam230 of Eimeria spp. and the cysteine-rich proteins COWP1 and COWP8 of Cryptosporidium parvum. In the present study, we searched the ToxoDB database for the presence of putative Toxoplasma gondii oocyst wall proteins (OWPs) and identified seven candidates, herein named TgOWP1 through TgOWP7, showing homology to the Cryptosporidium COWPs. We analysed a cDNA library from partially sporulated oocysts of T. gondii and cloned the full-length cDNAs encoding TgOWP1, TgOWP2 and TgOWP3, which consist of 499, 462 and 640 amino acids, respectively. The three proteins share 24% sequence identity with each other and a markedly similar overall structure, based on the presence of an N-terminal leader peptide followed by tandem duplications of a six-cysteine amino acid motif closely related to the Type I repeat of COWPs. Using antisera to recombinant TgOWP1, TgOWP2 and TgOWP3, we showed by Western blot that these molecules are expressed in T. gondii oocysts but are not detectable in tachyzoites. The solubilisation of TgOWP1-3 strictly depended on the presence of reducing agents, consistent with a likely involvement of these proteins in multimeric complexes mediated by disulphide bridges. Immunofluorescence analysis allowed the localisation of TgOWP1, TgOWP2 and TgOWP3 to the oocyst wall. Additionally, using immunoelectron microscopy and the 1G12 monoclonal antibody, TgOWP3 was specifically detected in the outer layer of the oocyst wall, thus representing the first validated molecular marker of this structure in T. gondii. (C) 2010 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Possenti, Alessia; Cherchi, Simona; Pozio, Edoardo; Spano, Furio] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Bertuccini, Lucia] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Technol & Hlth, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Spano, F (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM furio.spano@iss.it RI BERTUCCINI, LUCIA/F-2102-2015; SPANO, FURIO/O-2294-2015 FU European Commission [SANCO/2006/FOODSAFETY/032] FX We are extremely grateful to Michael White (Montana State University, USA) for generously donating the cDNA library from T. gondii partially sporulated oocysts. We wish to thank Drs. Dolores Hill, Glen McConkey, and Eric Villegas for critical reading of the manuscript. This work has been supported in part by the European Commission (contract SANCO/2006/FOODSAFETY/032). NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 14 BP 1639 EP 1649 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.06.009 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 699MY UT WOS:000285668700006 PM 20708619 ER PT J AU Tako, E Glahn, RP AF Tako, Elad Glahn, Raymond P. TI White Beans Provide More Bioavailable Iron than Red Beans: Studies in Poultry (Gallus gallus) and an in vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beans; iron bioavailability; polyphenols; in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model; broiler chikken; intestine ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; CACO-2 CELL; NONHEME IRON; ASCORBIC-ACID; RAT DUODENUM; HUMAN COLON; ABSORPTION; FERRITIN; PIG AB Iron-biofortification of crops is a strategy that alleviates iron deficiency. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an attractive candidate for biofortification. However, beans are high in polyphenols that may inhibit iron absorption. In vitro studies have shown that iron bioavailability from white beans is higher than that from colored beans. In this study, our objective was to determine if white beans contain more bioavailable iron than red beans and to determine if the in vitro observations of bean-iron bioavailability would be evident in an in vivo feeding trial. We compared iron bioavailability between diets containing either white (Matterhorn) or red (Merlot) beans, which differ in polyphenol content. One-week-old chicks (Gallus gallus) were divided into four groups: 1. "WB": 40 % white-bean diet; 2. "RB" :40% red-bean diet; 3. "WB + Fe": 40 % white-bean diet; 4. "RB + Fe": 40 % red-bean diet (51, 47, 179, and 175 ppm iron, respectively). Diets 1 and 2 had no supplemental iron; whereas 125 mu g/g iron was added to diets 3 and 4. For 8 weeks, hemoglobin, feed consumption, and body weights were measured. Divalent metal transporter 1 (iron-uptake-transporter), duodenal-cytochrome-B (iron reductase), and ferroportin (iron-exporter) expressions were higher (p < 0.05), villus-surface-area (tissue iron-deficiency adaptation) was greater in the "RB" group vs. other groups. Cecal microflora was similar between treatments. Hemoglobin, body-hemoglobin iron, and body weights were lower in the "RB" group vs. other groups (p < 0.05). In vitro analysis showed lower ferritin formation (less bioavailable iron) in cells exposed to the "RB" diet. We conclude that the in vivo results support the in vitro observations; i.e., white beans contain more bioavailable iron than red beans. C1 [Tako, Elad] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tako, E (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Dept Food Sci, 538 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM et79@cornell.edu NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 80 IS 6 BP 416 EP 429 DI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000028 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 815DS UT WOS:000294506900007 PM 21792822 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bottner-Parker, KD Zhao, Y Davis, RE Harrison, NA AF Lee, I. -M. Bottner-Parker, K. D. Zhao, Y. Davis, R. E. Harrison, N. A. TI Phylogenetic analysis and delineation of phytoplasmas based on secY gene sequences SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CANDIDATUS-PHYTOPLASMA; ASTER YELLOWS; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; ELM YELLOWS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; FINER DIFFERENTIATION; RFLP ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB The secY gene sequence is more variable than that of the 16S rRNA gene. Comparative phylogenetic analyses with 16S rRNA and secY gene sequences from 80 and 83 phytoplasma strains, respectively, were performed to assess the efficacy of these sequences for delineating phytoplasma strains within each 16Sr group. The phylogenetic interrelatedness among phytoplasma taxa inferred by secY gene-based phylogeny was nearly congruent with that inferred by 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny. Phylogenetic analysis based on the secY gene permitted finer differentiation of phytoplasma strains, however. The secY gene-based phylogeny not only readily resolved 16Sr subgroups within a given 16Sr group, but also delineated distinct lineages irresolvable by 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny. Such high resolving power makes the secY gene a more useful genetic marker than the 16S rRNA gene for finer differentiation of closely related phytoplasma strains based on RFLP analysis with selected restriction enzymes. Such strains were readily identified by collective secY RFLP patterns. The genetic interrelationships among these strains were determined by pattern similarity coefficients, which coincided with delineations by phylogenetic analysis. This study also revealed two heterogeneous spc operons present in the phytoplasma clade. This latter finding may have significant implications for phytoplasma evolution. C1 [Lee, I. -M.; Bottner-Parker, K. D.; Zhao, Y.; Davis, R. E.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Harrison, N. A.] Univ Florida, FLREC, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ingming.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 BP 2887 EP 2897 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.019695-0 PN 12 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 705VP UT WOS:000286169100036 PM 20097798 ER PT J AU Marcus, MD Baranowski, T DeBar, LL Edelstein, S Kaufman, FR Schneider, M Siega-Riz, AM Staten, MA Virus, A Yin, ZN AF Marcus, Marsha D. Baranowski, Tom DeBar, Lynn L. Edelstein, Sharon Kaufman, Francine R. Schneider, Margaret Siega-Riz, Anna Maria Staten, Myrlene A. Virus, Amy Yin, Zenong TI Severe Obesity and Selected Risk Factors in a Sixth Grade Multiracial Cohort: The HEALTHY Study SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Obesity; Hyperinsulinism; Glucose intolerance; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertension ID ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; TRENDS AB The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence of severe obesity and associated risk in the HEALTHY cohort. A total of 6,365 students were assessed at school-based screenings. Results showed that 6.9% of students were severely obese. Severe obesity was associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk and race/ethnicity. Severe obesity is common and requires preventive intervention. (C) 2010 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Marcus, Marsha D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [DeBar, Lynn L.] Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Edelstein, Sharon] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. [Kaufman, Francine R.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Endocrinol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Schneider, Margaret] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Sci, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Siega-Riz, Anna Maria] Univ N Carolina Sch Chapel Hill, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Siega-Riz, Anna Maria] Univ N Carolina Sch Chapel Hill, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Staten, Myrlene A.] NIDDK, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Virus, Amy] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Yin, Zenong] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Marcus, MD (reprint author), Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, 3811 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM marcusmd@upmc.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU NIDDK/NIH [U01-DK61230, U01-DK61249, U01-DK61231, U01-DK61223] FX This work was completed with funding from NIDDK/NIH grant numbers U01-DK61230, U01-DK61249, U01-DK61231, and U01-DK61223 to the STOPP-T2D collaborative group, with additional support from the American Diabetes Association. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.04.017 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 683IP UT WOS:000284469800011 PM 21094439 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, TW Brown, ML Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Schaeffer, T. W. Brown, M. L. Rosentrater, K. A. Muthukumarappan, K. TI Utilization of diets containing graded levels of ethanol production co-products by Nile tilapia SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE distillers dried grain with solubles; ethanol co-product; Oreochromis niloticus; feeding value ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; CHANNEL CATFISH; FISH-MEAL; BODY-COMPOSITION; FEED-UTILIZATION; GROWTH; PROTEIN; REPLACEMENT; SOLUBLES AB A feeding trial was performed to investigate inclusion levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as a fishmeal replacement for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). On a dry matter basis, five isocaloric [19.3 +/- 0.4 kJ/g (mean +/- SE)], isonitrogenous (39.1 +/- 0.5% crude protein) diets were formulated to contain 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, and 27.5% DDGS and compared against a 0% DDGS, reference diet (gross energy = 14.5 kJ/g; crude protein = 39.8%). The reference diet resulted in significantly higher body weight gain (BWG), food conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than experimental diets except that 17.5% DDGS provided similar FCR and PER. The diet containing 27.5% DDGS had significantly lower FCR and PER values than all other diets even though apparent digestibility did not significantly differ among experimental diets. Although DDGS can be incorporated at higher levels, 20% DDGS provided the highest apparent BWG among experimental diets, while 17.5% promoted the best FCR and PER. Fishmeal may be replaced with low levels of fuel-based DDGS to reduce feeding cost; however, additional supplements should be considered to enhance fish performance. C1 [Brown, M. L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rosentrater, K. A.] ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD USA. [Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.brown@sdstate.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, South Dakota; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota FX The authors acknowledge the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, South Dakota, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, and Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, for financial support. The authors also thankfully acknowledge Mehmet Tulbek (Pulse and oilseed specialist, NDSU), Rilie Morgan (Processing technician, NDSU), Sankaranandh Kannadhason, Andrew Wiering, and Andrew Ahrens for their valuable contributions throughout the feeding trial. This study was conducted under the USDA Agricultural Research Service Agreement 58-5447-7-322. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 6 BP E348 EP E354 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01020.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 681BI UT WOS:000284280800014 PM 20662968 ER PT J AU Vallejo, RL Wiens, GD Rexroad, CE Welch, TJ Evenhuis, JP Leeds, TD Janss, LLG Palti, Y AF Vallejo, R. L. Wiens, G. D. Rexroad, C. E., III Welch, T. J. Evenhuis, J. P. Leeds, T. D. Janss, L. L. G. Palti, Y. TI Evidence of major genes affecting resistance to bacterial cold water disease in rainbow trout using Bayesian methods of segregation analysis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial cold water disease; Bayesian analysis; disease resistance; major gene; rainbow trout; segregation analysis ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BINARY TRAITS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; QTL ANALYSIS; REGRESSION; INHERITANCE; DESIGNS; MODEL AB Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) causes significant economic loss in salmonid aquaculture. We previously detected genetic variation for BCWD resistance in our rainbow trout population, and a family-based selection program to improve resistance was initiated at the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (NCCCWA). This study investigated evidence of major trait loci affecting BCWD resistance using only phenotypic data (without using genetic markers) and Bayesian methods of segregation analysis (BMSA). A total of 10,603 juvenile fish from 101 full-sib families corresponding to 3 generations (2005, 2007, and 2009 hatch years) of the NCCCWA population were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the bacterium that causes BCWD. The results from single- and multiple-QTL models of BMSA suggest that 6 to 10 QTL explaining 83 to 89% of phenotypic variance with either codominant or dominant disease-resistant alleles plus polygenic effects may underlie the genetic architecture of BCWD resistance. This study also highlights the importance of polygenic background effects in the genetic variation of BCWD resistance. The polygenic heritability on the observed scale of survival status (h(observed)(2) = 0.45) is slightly larger than that previously reported for rainbow trout BCWD resistance. These findings provide the basis for designing informative crosses for QTL mapping and carrying out genome scans for QTL affecting BCWD resistance in rainbow trout. C1 [Vallejo, R. L.; Wiens, G. D.; Rexroad, C. E., III; Welch, T. J.; Evenhuis, J. P.; Leeds, T. D.; Palti, Y.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Janss, L. L. G.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RP Vallejo, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM roger.vallejo@ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Welch, Tim/0000-0003-1096-3006 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 BP 3814 EP 3832 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-2951 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 683KC UT WOS:000284473700005 PM 20833766 ER PT J AU Schieck, SJ Shurson, GC Kerr, BJ Johnston, LJ AF Schieck, S. J. Shurson, G. C. Kerr, B. J. Johnston, L. J. TI Evaluation of glycerol, a biodiesel coproduct, in grow-finish pig diets to support growth and pork quality SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glycerol; pig; pork quality ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; FEEDING CRUDE GLYCEROL; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; MEAT QUALITY; PORCINE FAT; PERFORMANCE; SOLUBLES; COMPONENT; ACID AB Crossbred pigs (n = 216; BW = 31.3 +/- 1.8 kg) were used to determine the effects of long-and short-term feeding of crude glycerol on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork quality of grow-finish pigs. Pigs were blocked by initial BW, and pens within blocks were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments (24 pens; 9 pigs/pen). Dietary treatments were control, a corn-soybean meal-based diet (CON); long-term, CON + 8% glycerol fed throughout the experiment (LT); and short-term, pigs fed CON for the first 6 wk followed by CON + 8% glycerol fed during the last 8 wk of the experiment (ShT). Pigs fed LT had greater (P < 0.05) ADG, whereas pigs fed ShT tended (P < 0.10) to grow faster than CON (CON = 0.962 kg/d, LT = 0.996 kg/d, and ShT = 0.992 kg/d; SE = 0.01). Pigs assigned to LT had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI compared with CON, whereas ShT-fed pigs had similar ADFI to CON (CON = 2.78 kg/d, LT = 2.93 kg/d, and ShT = 2.86 kg/d; SE = 0.03). Gain: feed tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for CON-and ShT-fed pigs compared with LT-fed pigs (CON = 0.346, LT = 0.339, and ShT = 0.346; SE = 0.002). Hot carcass weight was greater (P < 0.05) for LT-fed pigs compared with CON, whereas ShT-fed pigs had HCW similar to both LT-and CONfed pigs (CON = 94.8 kg, LT = 97.5 kg, and ShT = 96.3 kg; SE = 0.90). Dressing percentage of CON-fed pigs was similar to both LT-and ShT-fed pigs, but LT-fed pigs tended to have greater (P = 0.06) dressing percentage than ShT-fed pigs (CON = 74.5%, LT = 74.9%, and ShT = 74.3%; SE = 0.16). Tenth-rib backfat (P = 0.26) and LM area (P = 0.17) were not affected by dietary treatment. There was a trend (P < 0.10) for LT-fed pigs to have a smaller fat-free lean percentage than CON-fed pigs (CON = 53.1%, LT = 52.26%, and ShT = 52.67%; SE = 0.25). Short-term glycerol feeding increased (P < 0.05) belly firmness compared with CON and had similar belly firmness compared with LT-fed pigs (CON = 29.46, LT = 35.16, and ST = 42.08; SE = 3.07). Dietary treatment had no effect (P > 0.60) on pork quality of loins based on taste panel assessments. Feeding pigs 8% crude glycerol throughout the grow-finish period resulted in a 3% improvement in growth rate and a 2% depression in BW gain efficiency compared with CON diets. Grow-finish pigs fed diets containing 8% crude glycerol during the last 8 wk before slaughter achieved growth performance similar to pigs fed CON diets. Effects of crude glycerol on carcass traits seem to be limited to improvements in belly firmness with short-term feeding of glycerol. C1 [Johnston, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, W Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Schieck, S. J.; Shurson, G. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnston, LJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, W Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM johnstlj@morris.umn.edu FU Minnesota Pork Board (Mankato); Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (St. Paul); SoyMor Biodiesel LLC (Albert Lea, MN) FX This project was supported financially by the Minnesota Pork Board (Mankato), the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (St. Paul), and SoyMor Biodiesel LLC (Albert Lea, MN). NR 36 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 BP 3927 EP 3935 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-2858 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 683KC UT WOS:000284473700015 PM 20656974 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Dowd, SE Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Krueger, N Bauer, N Kononoff, PJ Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, T. R. Dowd, S. E. Edrington, T. S. Anderson, R. C. Krueger, N. Bauer, N. Kononoff, P. J. Nisbet, D. J. TI Evaluation of bacterial diversity in the rumen and feces of cattle fed different levels of dried distillers grains plus solubles using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial diversity; dried distillers grains ID LACTATING DAIRY-CATTLE; HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; GUT MICROBIOME; CORN; PH; MANIPULATION; PREVALENCE; OBESITY AB Dietary components and changes cause shifts in the gastrointestinal microbial ecology that can play a role in animal health and productivity. However, most information about the microbial populations in the gut of livestock species has not been quantitative. In the present study, we utilized a new molecular method, bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) that can perform diversity analyses of gastrointestinal bacterial populations. In the present study, cattle (n = 6) were fed a basal feedlot diet and were subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets (n = 2 cows per diet). In each diet, 0, 25, or 50% of the concentrate portion of the ration was replaced with dried distillers grain (DDGS). Ruminal and fecal bacterial populations were different when animals were fed DDGS compared with controls; ruminal and fecal Firmicute: Bacteroidetes ratios were smaller (P = 0.07) in the 25 and 50% DDG diets compared with controls. Ruminal pH was decreased (P < 0.05) in ruminal fluid from cattle fed diets containing 50% compared with 0% DDGS. Using bTEFAP, the normal microbiota of cattle were examined using modern molecular methods to understand how diets affect gastrointestinal ecology and the gastrointestinal contribution of the microbiome to animal health and production. C1 [Callaway, T. R.; Edrington, T. S.; Anderson, R. C.; Krueger, N.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, S. E.] Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Bauer, N.] Food Safety Inspect Serv, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kononoff, P. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov OI Kononoff, Paul/0000-0001-6069-2174 NR 24 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 61 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 BP 3977 EP 3983 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-2900 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 683KC UT WOS:000284473700020 PM 20729286 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Walgenbach, RP AF Coblentz, W. K. Walgenbach, R. P. TI In situ disappearance of dry matter and fiber from fall-grown cereal-grain forages from the north-central United States SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cereal grain; dry matter disappearance; in situ; neutral-detergent-fiber disappearance ID CELL-WALL DIGESTION; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; DAIRY-COWS; KINETICS; BARLEY; SILAGE; ARKANSAS; QUALITY; AUTUMN AB Recent research has demonstrated that fall-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), and oat (Avena sativa L.) forages contain limited lignin and exhibit relatively stable estimates of in vitro true DM disappearance, as well as TDN, across a wide fall-harvest window. These traits suggest that ruminal availability of forage fiber is extensive. Our objectives were to evaluate this premise by assessing in situ DM and NDF disappearance for Kaskaskia wheat, Trical 2700 triticale, Ogle oat (graintype, mid-maturity rating), and ForagePlus oat (foragetype, late maturity rating) grown and harvested during fall in Wisconsin. During 2006, ruminal disappearance rate (K(d)) of DM declined linearly (P <= 0.002) across fall harvest dates for all cultivars; K(d) ranged narrowly (0.091 to 0.100/h) on the initial September 15 harvest date, but by October 30, Kd generally was slower for oat (0.042 to 0.053/h) than for triticale (0.069/h) or wheat (0.072/h). Estimates of effective ruminal disappearance of DM (RDDM) were large for all cultivars (72.0 to 82.8% of DM), and generally exhibited polynomial trends over harvest dates that displayed both linear (P <= 0.003) and quadratic (P <= 0.004) character. For 2007, RDDM was extensive across all for-ages (70.5 to 83.1%), except for Ogle oat harvested on October 10 (61.5% of DM) or November 7 (57.0% of DM), at which time tillers had reached the boot-and fully headed stages of growth, respectively. For ruminal disappearance of NDF, Kd declined linearly (P <= 0.002) across harvest dates for all cultivars during 2006 and 2007; a quadratic (P <= 0.033) effect also was detected for ForagePlus oat, but not for other cultivars (P >= 0.072). During both years, effective ruminal disappearance of NDF (RDNDF) declined linearly (P <= 0.008) over harvest dates for all cultivars, but detection of additional quadratic responses was dependent on cultivar and year. Concentrations of RDNDF for all cultivars ranged from 60.5 to 68.8% of NDF on mid-September harvest dates. Generally, these estimates declined to 51.4 to 60.0% of NDF by the final harvest date for all cultivars except Ogle oat, which reached numerical minimums of 46.8 and 37.2% of NDF on the final harvest dates of 2006 and 2007, respectively. Cereal-grain cultivars that elongate during fall will exhibit relatively stable RDDM and RDNDF through stem elongation; however, these estimates may decline substantially after tillers exhibit visible seedheads. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Walgenbach, R. P.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 BP 3992 EP 4005 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3148 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 683KC UT WOS:000284473700022 PM 20709871 ER PT J AU Everts, AKR Wulf, DM Wheeler, TL Everts, AJ Weaver, AD Daniel, JA AF Everts, A. K. R. Wulf, D. M. Wheeler, T. L. Everts, A. J. Weaver, A. D. Daniel, J. A. TI Enhancement technology improves palatability of normal and callipyge lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE callipyge; enhancement; lamb; palatability; proteolysis; tenderness ID SARCOMERE-LENGTH; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; TENDERNESS; LONGISSIMUS; MUSCLE; POSTMORTEM; SHEEP; GENE; TENDERIZATION AB The objective of this research was to determine if BPI Processing Technology (BPT) improved palatability of normal (NN) and callipyge (CN) lamb meat and to determine the mechanism by which palatability was improved. Ten ewe and 10 wether lambs of each phenotype were slaughtered, and carcass traits were assessed by a trained evaluator. The LM was removed at 2 d postmortem. Alternating sides served as controls (CON) or were treated with BPT. Muscles designated BPT were injected to a target 120% by weight with a patented solution containing water, ammonium hydroxide, carbon monoxide, and salt. Muscle pH, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS), sarcomere length, cooked moisture retention, and desmin degradation were measured. A trained sensory panel and a take-home consumer panel evaluated LM chops. Callipyge had a heavier BW and HCW, less adjusted fat thickness, reduced yield grades, and greater conformation scores than NN (P < 0.05). For LM, NN had shorter sarcomeres, smaller WBS values, greater juiciness ratings, more off-flavors, reduced consumer ratings for raw characteristics (like of portion size, like of color, like of leanness, overall like of appearance) and greater consumer ratings for eating characteristics (like of juiciness, like of flavor) than CN (P < 0.05). For LM, BPT had greater cooked moisture retention, smaller WBS values, greater juiciness ratings, less offflavors, and greater consumer ratings for raw characteristics (like of portion size, like of color, overall like of appearance) and eating characteristics (like of juiciness, like of flavor) than CON (P < 0.05). Significant phenotype x treatment interactions occurred for LM muscle pH, desmin degradation, tenderness, consumer like of texture/tenderness, and consumer overall like of eating quality (P < 0.05). For LM, BPT increased muscle pH more for NN than CN (P < 0.01) and increased desmin degradation for NN but decreased desmin degradation for CN (P < 0.01). The BPT enhancement improved LM tenderness ratings for CN more than NN (P < 0.05). For consumer like of texture/tenderness, BPT improved ratings for CN more than NN (P < 0.01). For consumer overall like of eating quality, BPT improved ratings for CN more than NN (P < 0.05). In summary, BPT had little to no effect on sarcomere length and desmin degradation, but improved palatability of NN and CN lamb by increasing cooked moisture retention, improving consumer acceptability of CN to near-normal levels. C1 [Everts, A. K. R.; Wulf, D. M.; Everts, A. J.; Weaver, A. D.; Daniel, J. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wheeler, T. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Weaver, AD (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM amanda.weaver@sdstate.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 BP 4026 EP 4036 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-2845 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 683KC UT WOS:000284473700025 PM 20675603 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Reiter, ST Williamson, BC Sales, MA Hallford, DM Rosenkrans, CF AF Looper, M. L. Reiter, S. T. Williamson, B. C. Sales, M. A. Hallford, D. M. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Effects of body condition on measures of intramuscular and rump fat, endocrine factors, and calving rate of beef cows grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; body condition; calving rate; fescue toxicosis; insulin-like growth factor-I ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; SERUM SOMATOTROPIN; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; FEED RESTRICTION; GROWTH-HORMONE; PROLACTIN; STEERS; HEIFERS AB Multiparous beef cows were managed to achieve marginal (BCS = 4.7 +/- 0.07; n = 106) or good (BCS = 6.6 +/- 0.06; n = 121) body condition (BC) to determine the influence of forage environment on BW and BC changes, intramuscular fat percentage (IMF), rump fat (RF), and serum hormones during 2 yr. Cows within each BC were randomly assigned to graze either common bermudagrass (CB; n = 3 pastures/yr) or toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (EI; n = 3 pastures/yr) during a 60-d breeding season. Blood samples were collected at d 0, 30, and 60 of the breeding season, and serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL), IGF-I, and cortisol (CORT) were quantified; PRL and progesterone (P(4)) also were quantified 10 d before the breeding season (d 10). Body weight and BCS were recorded during the breeding season (d 0, 30, and 60). Cow IMF and RF were measured via ultrasonography at the start and end of the breeding season. Cows with increased (> 1 ng/mL) P(4) at the beginning of the breeding season (cyclic) had greater (P < 0.02) concentrations of PRL on d 30 and 60 compared with anestrous cows. A forage environment x BC interaction tended (P = 0.07) to influence PRL. Cows grazing CB independent of BC had increased PRL compared with cows grazing EI. Prolactin was decreased in good-BC cows grazing EI compared with cows grazing CB, and cows in marginal BC grazing EI had the least concentrations of PRL. Concentrations of IGF-I were similar (P > 0.10) among good-and marginal-BC cows grazing CB, as well as good-BC cows grazing EI; however, marginal-BC cows grazing EI had reduced (P < 0.04) concentrations of IGF-I compared with all other groups. Cows in marginal BC grazing CB gained (P = 0.02) the most BW during the breeding season, whereas good-BC cows grazing EI gained the least amount of BW. Marginal-BC cows grazing CB tended (P = 0.06) to increase BC during the breeding season, whereas good-BC cows grazing either CB or EI lost BC. Rump fat tended (P = 0.07) to increase during the breeding season in marginal-BC cows compared with cows in good BC. Calving rates were similar (P > 0.10) among good- (82%) and marginal- (84%) BC cows grazing CB, and good-BC cows grazing EI (79%); however, marginal-BC cows grazing EI had a reduced (P = 0.04) calving rate (61%). Cattle grazing EI during the breeding season lost BC. That reduction in BC may be communicated to the pituitary via hormones that include IGF-I or PRL or both, resulting in decreased calving rates. C1 [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Reiter, S. T.; Williamson, B. C.; Sales, M. A.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hallford, D. M.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM mike.looper@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-6227-8-040] FX This study was supported in part by USDA, Agricultural Research Service cooperative agreement #58-6227-8-040. The authors gratefully acknowledge S. Tabler and B. Woolley (USDA-ARS) for technical assistance and daily animal management and G. Rottinghaus and C. Roberts (University of Missouri) for ergovaline analyses. Appreciation is expressed to A. F. Parlow (National Hormone and Peptide Program) for supplying materials used in the prolactin and IGF-I RIA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 BP 4133 EP 4141 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3192 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 683KC UT WOS:000284473700035 PM 20817854 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD AF Keyser, James D. TI Archaeologies of Art: Time, Place, Identity SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Keyser, James D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 66 IS 4 BP 547 EP 549 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 704DW UT WOS:000286032300015 ER PT J AU Stringfellow, K Caldwell, D Lee, J Byrd, A Carey, J Kessler, K McReynolds, J Bell, A Stipanovic, R Farnell, M AF Stringfellow, K. Caldwell, D. Lee, J. Byrd, A. Carey, J. Kessler, K. McReynolds, J. Bell, A. Stipanovic, R. Farnell, M. TI Pasteurization of chicken litter with steam and quicklime to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pasteurization; litter; steam; quicklime; Salmonella ID BROILER HOUSES; BACTERIA; PERFORMANCE; LIME; CAO AB The nursery industry pasteurizes soil with steam and quicklime to reduce plant pathogens. The mechanism of action for quicklime is the resulting exothermic reaction that occurs when the chemical interacts with water and its ability to increase pH levels. These treatments may also reduce pathogens in a commercial poultry house. In this study, a steam sterilization cart simulated conditions used by the nursery industry to treat litter inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. A homogenized sample of litter was exposed to steam for 0, 5, 30, or 120 min. Quicklime was used at concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0%. All steam treatments, with or without quicklime, significantly reduced Salmonella Typhimurium colonization by at least 3 orders of magnitude. Significant reductions were also observed in the treatments with quicklime alone. Both the steam and the quicklime treatments often reduced colonization to undetectable levels, even when samples were enriched. Therefore, we demonstrated 2 novel techniques for reducing Salmonella Typhimurium in poultry litter. Soil pasteurization potentially offers an environmentally sound means of reducing the pathogens present in used poultry litter. C1 [Stringfellow, K.; Caldwell, D.; Lee, J.; Carey, J.; Farnell, M.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Serv, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Byrd, A.; McReynolds, J.; Bell, A.; Stipanovic, R.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kessler, K.] Tyson Foods Inc, Springdale, AR 72764 USA. RP Farnell, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Serv, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mfarnell@poultry.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.3382/japr.2009-00097 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 677MJ UT WOS:000283996200010 ER PT J AU Neumann, G Hollingsworth, RG Follett, PA AF Neumann, Gabor Hollingsworth, Robert G. Follett, Peter A. TI Effect of papaya trunk angle on infestation by white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) SO JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Two papaya (Carica papaya L) seedlings growing in one planting hole often results in angular or non-vertical growth of the trees. Data on trunk angularity, or leaning, (deviation from the vertical line of reference) and white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), densities on paired papaya trees were collected approximately 1 year after infestation of a papaya field was discovered. Paired trees showed a significantly higher degree of leaning than single trees. White peach scale densities were significantly higher on tree trunks with a greater departure from vertical in paired comparisons. Therefore, paired tree planting practices may facilitate the development of economic infestations of white peach scale populations in papaya orchards. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Neumann, Gabor; Hollingsworth, Robert G.; Follett, Peter A.] ARS, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Neumann, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM gabor.neumann@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, DIVISION ENTOMOLOGY, RDA, 249 SEODUN-DONG, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8615 J9 J ASIA-PAC ENTOMOL JI J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 BP 383 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.aspen.2010.05.004 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664YE UT WOS:000282999300024 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA AF Rojas, M. Guadalupe Morales-Ramos, Juan Alfredo TI Tri-Trophic Level Impact of Host Plant Linamarin and Lotaustralin on Tetranychus urticae and Its Predator Phytoseiulus persimilis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plant semiochemicals; Cyanogenic glycosides; Mite-plant interactions; Two spotted spider mite; Biological control ID BEAN PHASEOLUS-LUNATUS; COTESIA-CONGREGATA; SPIDER-MITE; CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; WHITE CLOVER; TRADE-OFFS; LEPIDOPTERA; PERFORMANCE AB The impact of linamarin and lotaustralin content in the leaves of lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., on the second and third trophic levels was studied in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. The content of linamarin was higher in terminal trifoliate leaves (435.5 ppm) than in primary leaves (142.1 ppm) of Henderson bush lima beans. However, linamarin concentrations were reversed at the second trophic level showing higher concentrations in spider mites feeding on primary leaves (429.8 ppm) than those feeding on terminal trifoliate leaves (298.2 ppm). Concentrations of linamarin in the predatory mites were 18.4 and 71.9 ppm when feeding on spider mites grown on primary and terminal leaves, respectively. The concentration of lotaustralin in primary lima bean leaves was 103.12 ppm, and in spider mites feeding on these leaves was 175.0 ppm. Lotaustralin was absent in lima bean terminal trifoliate leaves and in mites feeding on these leaves. Fecundity of spider mites feeding on lima bean leaves (primary or trifoliate) was not significantly different from mites feeding on red bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., primary leaves. However, the progeny sex ratio (in females per male) of spider mites feeding on lima bean leaves was significantly lower than progeny of spider mites feeding on red bean leaves (control). Fecundity and progeny sex ratio of P persimilis were both significantly affected by the concentration of linamarin present in the prey. Changes in concentration of linamarin in living tissue across the three trophic levels are discussed. C1 [Rojas, M. Guadalupe; Morales-Ramos, Juan Alfredo] ARS, USDA, Mid S Area, Natl Biol Control Lab,BCPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mid S Area, Natl Biol Control Lab,BCPRU, POB 67,59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM guadalupe.rojas@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 FU Biological Control of Pests Research Unit; CRADA [58-3K95-5-1115] FX We thank Robert D. Stipanovic (USDA, ARS, Cotton Pathology Research Unit), Carlos Blanco (USDA, ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit), and Soheila Maleki, (USDA, ARS, Food Processing and Sensory Quality Research Unit) for helpful comments. This study was supported by the Biological Control of Pests Research Unit and CRADA No. 58-3K95-5-1115, Syngenta Bioline, and approved for publication by The USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1354 EP 1362 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9872-5 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703NW UT WOS:000285986500010 PM 20953678 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Stevenson, DM Mantovani, HC Man, SLC AF Weimer, P. J. Stevenson, D. M. Mantovani, H. C. Man, S. L. C. TI Host specificity of the ruminal bacterial community in the dairy cow following near-total exchange of ruminal contents SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial community; rumen; rumen pH; volatile fatty acid ID INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; BOVINE RUMEN; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; IN-VIVO; FERMENTATION; POPULATIONS; RESILIENCE; SHEEP; MILK AB The purpose of this study was to examine the stability and host specificity of a cow's ruminal bacterial community following massive challenge with ruminal microflora from another cow. In each of 2 experiments, 1 pair of cows was selected on the basis of differences in ruminal bacterial community composition (BCC), determined by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), a culture-independent "community fingerprinting" technique. Each pair of cows was then subjected to a 1-time exchange of >95% of ruminal contents without changing the composition of a corn silage/alfalfa haylage-based TMR. In experiment 1, the 2 cows differed (P < 0.01) in prefeed ruminal pH (mean = 6.88 vs. 6.14) and prefeed total VFA concentration (mean = 57 vs. 77 mM), averaged over 3 d. Following exchange of ruminal contents, ruminal pH and total VFA concentration in both cows returned to their preexchange values within 24 h. Ruminal BCC also returned to near its original profile, but this change required 14 d for 1 cow and 61 d for the other cow. In experiment 2, the 2 other cows differed in prefeed ruminal pH (mean = 6.69 vs. 6.20) and total VFA concentration (mean = 101 vs. 136 mM). Following exchange of ruminal contents, the first cow returned to its preexchange pH and VFA values within 24 h; the second cow's rumen rapidly stabilized to a higher prefeed pH (mean = 6.47) and lower prefeed VFA concentration (mean = 120 mM) that was retained over the 62-d test period. Both cows reached somewhat different BCC than before the exchange. However, the BCC of both cows remained distinct and were ultimately more similar to that of the preexchange BCC than of the donor animal BCC. The data indicate that the host animal can quickly reestablish its characteristic ruminal pH and VFA concentration despite dramatic perturbation of its ruminal microbial community. The data also suggest that ruminal BCC displays substantial host specificity that can reestablish itself with varying success when challenged with a microbial community optimally adapted to ruminal conditions of a different host animal. C1 [Weimer, P. J.; Stevenson, D. M.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weimer, P. J.; Man, S. L. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mantovani, H. C.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Microbiol, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM paul.weimer@ars.usda.gov RI Mantovani, Hilario/J-5287-2012 FU CAPES (Brasilia, Brazil) FX We thank the barn crews at the US Dairy Forage Research Center Farm (Prairie du Sac, WI) and at the Dairy Cattle Instructional Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for animal feeding and handling. We also thank Christine Odt, US Dairy Forage Research Center, for technical assistance. H. C. Mantovani received a sabbatical fellowship from CAPES (Brasilia, Brazil). NR 25 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 12 BP 5902 EP 5912 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3500 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 682LF UT WOS:000284404400039 PM 21094763 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Levang-Brilz, NM Zettler, JL Winborne, IC AF Hallman, Guy J. Levang-Brilz, Nichole M. Zettler, J. Larry Winborne, Ian C. TI Factors Affecting Ionizing Radiation Phytosanitary Treatments, and Implications for Research and Generic Treatments SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quarantine; commodity treatment; irradiation; disinfestation ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; IRRADIATION QUARANTINE TREATMENT; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM HERBST; ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH; INDIAN-MEAL MOTH; GAMMA-RADIATION; FLY DIPTERA; DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; LEPIDOPTERA-PHYCITIDAE AB Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) treatments are promising measures to overcome quarantine barriers to trade and are currently used in several countries. Although PI has advantages compared with other treatments one disadvantage bedevils research, approval, and application: organisms may remain alive after importation. Although this does not preclude their use as a phytosanitary treatment, it does leave the treatment without an independent verification of efficacy and places a greater burden for assuring quarantine security on the research supporting the treatment. This article analyses several factors that have been hypothesized to affect PI efficacy: low oxygen, pest stage, host, dose rate, and temperature. Of these factors, the first is known to affect efficacy, whereas host and dose rate probably need more research. The International Plant Protection Convention considered several PI treatments for its international standard on phytosanitary treatments and did not approve some at first because of perceived problems with the research or the presence of live adults after irradiation. Based on these concerns recommendations for research and dealing with the issue of live adults postirradiation are given. Generic PI treatments are suggested. C1 [Hallman, Guy J.] ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Levang-Brilz, Nichole M.; Winborne, Ian C.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM guy.hallman@ars.usda.gov NR 94 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1950 EP 1963 DI 10.1603/EC10228 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900002 PM 21309213 ER PT J AU Shelly, T Nishimoto, J Diaz, A Leathers, J War, M Shoemaker, R Al-Zubaidy, M Joseph, D AF Shelly, T. Nishimoto, J. Diaz, A. Leathers, J. War, M. Shoemaker, R. Al-Zubaidy, M. Joseph, D. TI Capture Probability of Released Males of Two Bactrocera Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Detection Traps in California SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surveillance; invasive fruit flies; mark-recapture; male lures ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; CUCURBITAE COQUILLETT DIPTERA; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; TRYONI FROGGATT DIPTERA; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; SEXUAL-MATURATION; METHYL EUGENOL; FLIES DIPTERA; DACUS-TRYONI; MELON FLIES AB The genus Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) includes approximate to 70 polyphagous species that are major pests of fruit and vegetable crops. Most Bactrocera species have limited geographic distributions, but several species are invasive, and many countries operate continuous trapping programs to detect infestations. In the United States, California maintains approximate to 25,000 traps (baited with male lures) specifically for Bactrocera detection distributed over an area of approximate to 6,400 km(2) (2,500 miles(2)) in the Los Angeles area. Although prior studies have used male lures to describe movement of Bactrocera males, they do not explicitly relate capture probability with fly distance from lure-baited traps; consequently, they do not address the relative effectiveness of male lures in detecting incipient populations of Bactrocera species. The objective of this study was to measure the distance-dependent capture probability of marked, released males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (methyl eugenol- and cue lure-responding species, respectively) within the detection trapping grid operating in southern California. These data were then used to compute simple probability estimates for detecting populations of different sizes of the two species. Methyl eugenol was the more powerful attractant, and based on the mark-recapture data, we estimated that B. dorsalis populations with as few as approximate to 50 males would always (>99.9%) be detected using the current trap density of five methyl eugenol-baited traps per 2.6 km(2) (1 mile(2)). By contrast, we estimated that certain detection of B. cucurbitae populations would not occur until these contained approximate to 350 males. The implications of the results for the California trapping system are discussed, and the findings are compared with mark-release-recapture data obtained for the same two species in Hawaii. C1 [Shelly, T.; Nishimoto, J.] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Diaz, A.; Shoemaker, R.; Al-Zubaidy, M.; Joseph, D.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Anaheim, CA 92801 USA. [Leathers, J.; War, M.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. RP Shelly, T (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2042 EP 2051 DI 10.1603/EC10153 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900013 PM 21309224 ER PT J AU Bernklau, EJ Hibbard, BE Bjostad, LB AF Bernklau, E. J. Hibbard, B. E. Bjostad, L. B. TI Antixenosis in Maize Reduces Feeding by Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Zea mays; resistance; larvae; insect behavior ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; TRANSGENIC-MAIZE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RESISTANCE; ROOTS; GERMPLASM; IDENTIFICATION; INFESTATION; STIMULANTS AB SUM2162 is the first known example of a naturally occurring maize, Zea mays L., genotype with antixenosis (nonpreference) resistance to western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), larval feeding. Behavioral responses of neonate western corn rootworm larvae were evaluated in laboratory bioassays with seven maize genotypes selected for native resistance to rootworm feeding damage. Two susceptible maize genotypes and one transgenic (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize genotype were included as controls. In soil bioassays with cut roots, no larvae entered the roots of the resistant variety SUM2162, but at least 75% of the larvae entered the roots of every other maize type. Larvae made significantly fewer feeding holes in the roots of SUM2162 than in all the other maize genotypes, except the isoline control. In feeding bioassays, larval feeding varied significantly among maize genotypes, but there was no significant difference between the resistant varieties and the susceptible controls. There were no significant differences among any of the genotypes in host recognition (search) behavior of larvae after exposure to the roots. Little variation in feeding stimulant blends was observed among maize genotypes, indicating minimal contribution to the observed antixenosis. C1 [Bernklau, E. J.; Bjostad, L. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hibbard, B. E.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bernklau, EJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bernklau@lamar.colostate.edu FU Biotechnology Risk Assessment Award [2006-33522-17716]; USDA-CREES [3622-21220-005-09]; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [622] FX We thank Mark Ellersieck (Agricultural Experiment Station Statistician, University of Missouri) for assistance in analyzing the data. We thank French Agricultural Research, Syngenta Seeds, AgReliant Genetics, and the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station for providing seed for evaluation. Funding for this project was provided by the Biotechnology Risk Assessment Award 2006-33522-17716, USDA-CREES Award 3622-21220-005-09 and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station project 622. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2052 EP 2060 DI 10.1603/EC10070 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900014 PM 21309225 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Da, KD Buntin, GD Cottrell, TE Tillman, PG Olson, DM Powell, R Lee, RD Wilson, JP Scully, BT AF Ni, Xinzhi Da, Kedong Buntin, G. David Cottrell, Ted E. Tillman, P. Glynn Olson, Dawn M. Powell, Robert, Jr. Lee, R. Dewey Wilson, Jeffrey P. Scully, Brian T. TI Impact of Brown Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding on Corn Grain Yield Components and Quality SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euschistus servus; ear-feeding damage; grain yield; kernel quality; economic injury level ID EUSCHISTUS-VARIOLARIUS HETEROPTERA; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; COTTON; HEMIPTERA; INJURY; SERVUS; DAMAGE; PREFERENCE; COREIDAE; SORGHUM AB Brown stink bug, Euschistus semis (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), damage on developing corn, Zea mays L., ears was examined in 2005 and 2006 by using eight parameters related to its yield and kernel quality. Stink bug infestations were initiated when the corn plants were at tasseling (VT), mid-silking (R1), and blister (R2) stages by using zero, three, and six in 2005 or zero, one, two, and four bugs per ear in 2006, and maintained for 9 d. The percentage of discolored kernels was affected by stink bug number in both years, but not always affected by plant growth stage. The growth stage effect on the percentage of discolored kernels was significant in 2006, but not in 2005. The percentage of aborted kernels was affected by both stink bug number and plant growth stage in 2005 but not in 2006. Kernel weight was significantly reduced when three E. servus adults were confined on a corn ear at stage VT or RI for 9 cl in 2005, whereas one or two adults per ear resulted in no kernel weight loss, but four E. servus adults did cause significant kernel weight loss at stage VT in 2006. Stink bug feeding injury at stage R2 did not affect kernel damage, ear weight or grain weight in either year. The infestation duration (9 or 18 d) was positively correlated to the percentage of discolored kernels but did not affect kernel or ear weight. Based on the regression equations between the kernel weight and stink bug number, the gain threshold or economic injury level should be 0.5 bugs per ear for 9 d at stage VT and less for stage R1. This information will be useful in developing management guidelines for stink bugs in field corn during ear formation and early grain filling stages. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi; Powell, Robert, Jr.; Wilson, Jeffrey P.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Lee, R. Dewey] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Tillman, P. Glynn; Olson, Dawn M.; Scully, Brian T.] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Da, Kedong; Buntin, G. David] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Cottrell, Ted E.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM xinzhi.ni@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 FU Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn FX We thank G. Gunawan, C. Graham, J. C. Mullis, and P. Tapp for technical assistance during the experiment. We thank P. Roberts (Department of Entomology, University of Georgia-Tifton) and Y.-B. Liu (USDA-ARS Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA) for critical reviews of the earlier version of the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for advice and constructive comments that have strengthened the manuscript. The research was supported in part by the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2072 EP 2079 DI 10.1603/EC09301 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900016 PM 21309227 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ Miller, DR AF Dodds, Kevin J. Miller, Daniel R. TI Test of Nonhost Angiosperm Volatiles and Verbenone to Protect Trap Trees for Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) From Attacks by Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ips pini; Ips grandicollis; Xylosandrus germanus; Gnathotrichus materiarius; conophthorin ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; IPS-PINI; FIELD RESPONSE; ATTRACTION; PONDEROSAE; PHEROMONE; ANTIAGGREGANTS; GRANDICOLLIS AB Sirex noctitio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is an invasive woodwasp, currently established in northeastern North America. In other regions of the world, stressed trap trees are used to monitor populations of S. noctilio and to provide inoculation points for the biological control nematode Deladenus siricidicola Bedding. However, the operational use of trap trees for S. noctitio in North America may be compromised by the large community of native organisms that inhabit stressed and dying pine trees. Common bark beetles such as Ips pini (Say) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) could potentially compete with S. noctilio and associates for resources on trap trees, possibly reducing the efficacy of trap trees as habitats for the woodwasp. In an attempt to develop a technology to mitigate this potential issue, three common semiochemical interruptants-conophthorin, green leaf volatile mix, and verbenone were tested for effectiveness in reducing arrivals of I. pint and I. grandicollis on trap trees treated with herbicides in northeastern United States. In addition, the effects of these compounds were determined independently with pheromone-baited multiple-funnel traps. None of the interruptants reduced numbers of I. pini or I. grandicollis either arriving on trap trees or caught in pheromone-baited traps. However, verbenone increased catches of I. grandicollis in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsenol. The mix of green leaf volatiles reduced catches of a native ambrosia beetle, Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch), whereas verbenone reduced trap catches of an exotic ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford). Catches of X. germanus in traps adjacent to trap trees were enhanced with conophthorin. C1 [Dodds, Kevin J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham Field Off, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Miller, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham Field Off, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kdodds@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry and Southern Research Station FX The use of trade names and identification of firms or corporations does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry and Southern Research Station. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2094 EP 2099 DI 10.1603/EC10225 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900019 PM 21309230 ER PT J AU Dennehy, TJ Degain, BA Harpold, VS Zaborac, M Morin, S Fabrick, JA Nichols, RL Brown, JK Byrne, FJ Li, XC AF Dennehy, Timothy J. Degain, Benjamin A. Harpold, Virginia S. Zaborac, Marni Morin, Shai Fabrick, Jeffrey A. Nichols, Robert L. Brown, Judith K. Byrne, Frank J. Li, Xianchun TI Extraordinary Resistance to Insecticides Reveals Exotic Q Biotype of Bemisia tabaci in the New World SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; insect growth regulators; insecticide resistance; neonicotinoids; Q biotype ID NEONICOTINOID CROSS-RESISTANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MARKERS; NATURAL ENEMIES; SPECIES COMPLEX; B-TYPE; PYRIPROXYFEN RESISTANCE; SHANDONG PROVINCE; SWEET-POTATO; ALEYRODIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB A strain of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) possessing unusually high levels of resistance to a wide range of insecticides was discovered in 2004 in the course of routine resistance monitoring in Arizona. The multiply resistant insects, collected from poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) plants purchased at a retail store in Tucson, were subjected to biotype analysis in three laboratories. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of naphthyl esterases and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (780 bp) confirmed the first detection of the Q biotype of B. tabaci in the New World. This U.S. Q biotype strain, referred to as Poinsettia'04, was highly resistant to two selective insect growth regulators, pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and to mixtures of fenpropathrin and acephate. It was also unusually low in susceptibility to the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam, relative to B biotype whiteflies. In 100 collections of whiteflies made in Arizona cotton (Gossypium spp.), vegetable, and melon (Cucumis melo L.) fields from 2001 to 2005, no Q biotypes were detected. Regions of the United States that were severely impacted by the introduction of the B biotype of B. tabaci in the 1980s would be well advised to promote measures that limit movement of the Q biotype from controlled environments into field systems and to formulate alternatives for managing this multiply-resistant biotype, in the event that it becomes more widely distributed. C1 [Dennehy, Timothy J.; Degain, Benjamin A.; Harpold, Virginia S.; Zaborac, Marni; Li, Xianchun] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Morin, Shai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Fabrick, Jeffrey A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Brown, Judith K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Byrne, Frank J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Li, XC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lxc@email.arizona.edu FU Arizona Cotton Growers Association and Cotton Incorporated; USDA PMAP [2009-34381-20039] FX We thank Larry Antilla for supporting all aspects of these investigations and the staff of the Arizona Cotton Research and Protection Council for assistance with field collections. Osama El-Lissy (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) and Lance Osborne (University of Florida) provided leadership for a national task force and they coordinated biotype surveys throughout the U.S. greenhouse industry. Numerous state and federal officials supported this effort. Laboratory facilities of the Extension Arthropod Resistance Management Laboratory were provided by the University of Arizona. Greenhouse facilities were provided by the University of Arizona Campus Agricultural Center. We thank Peter Ellsworth and John Palumbo for critical leadership of the Cross-Commodity Coordinating Committee and cotton and vegetable integrated pest management programs. This study was partially funded by the Arizona Cotton Growers Association and Cotton Incorporated. It also was supported by USDA PMAP grant 2009-34381-20039 (to X.L., P. C. Ellsworth, J. C. Palumbo, A. J. Fournier [Department of Entomology, University of Arizona] and S. E. Naranjo [USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agriculture Research Center]). NR 58 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 33 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2174 EP 2186 DI 10.1603/EC10239 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900031 PM 21309242 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Clark, TL Ellersieck, MR Meihls, LN El Khishen, AA Kaster, V Steiner, HY Kurtz, R AF Hibbard, Bruce E. Clark, Thomas L. Ellersieck, Mark R. Meihls, Lisa N. El Khishen, Ahmed A. Kaster, Von Steiner, Henry-York Kurtz, Ryan TI Mortality of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae on MIR604 Transgenic Maize Roots: Field Survivorship Has No Significant Impact on Survivorship of F1 Progeny on MIR604 SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mCry3A; Bt; Bacillus thuringiensis; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; resistance management ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA LECONTE; BT CROPS; INSECT RESISTANCE; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; EVOLVED RESISTANCE; EVENT DAS-59122-7; SURVIVAL; PROTEINS; DIAPAUSE AB Mortality of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larvae due to MIR604 transgenic corn, Zea mays L., expressing the modified Cry3A (mCry3A) protein relative to survivorship on corn with the same genetic background without the gene (isoline corn) was evaluated at three Missouri sites in both 2005 and 2006. We made these comparisons by using wild-type western corn rootworm at three different egg densities (6,000, 3,000, and 1,500 eggs per m) so that the role of density-dependent mortality would be known. The mortality due to the mCry3A protein was 94.88% when averaged across all environments and both years. Fifty percent emergence of beetles was delayed approximate to 5.5 d. Beetles were kept alive and their progeny evaluated on MIR604 and isoline corn in the greenhouse to determine whether survivorship on MIR604 in the field for one generation increased survivorship on MIR604 in the greenhouse in the subsequent generation. There was no significant difference in survivorship on MIR604 in greenhouse assays between larvae whose parents survived isoline and larvae whose parents survived MIR604 in the field the previous generation, indicating that many susceptible beetles survived MIR604 in the field the previous season along with any potentially resistant beetles. The data are discussed in terms of rootworm insect resistance management. C1 [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Clark, Thomas L.; Meihls, Lisa N.; El Khishen, Ahmed A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [El Khishen, Ahmed A.] ARC, FCRI, Maize Res Sect, Cairo, Egypt. [Kaster, Von] Syngenta Seeds Inc, Slater, IA 50244 USA. [Steiner, Henry-York; Kurtz, Ryan] Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov FU Syngenta Biotechnology Inc [58-3K95-6-1167] FX We thank Rebecca Bukowsky, Matt Higdon, Julie Barry, and Tim Praiswater (USDA-ARS) and several temporary summer laborers for assistance in setting up the field and laboratory trials and for counting and sexing beetles. Matt Higdon also helped in correcting grammatical errors in an earlier draft. Funding for this work was provided by Syngenta Biotechnology Inc. through Agreement 58-3K95-6-1167 to USDA-ARS for the 2006 portion and through an agreement to the University of Missouri for the 2005 portion of the study. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2187 EP 2196 DI 10.1603/EC10179 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900032 PM 21309243 ER PT J AU Cambron, SE Buntin, GD Weisz, R Holland, JD Flanders, KL Schemerhorn, BJ Shukle, RH AF Cambron, Sue E. Buntin, G. David Weisz, Randy Holland, Jeffery D. Flanders, Kathy L. Schemerhorn, Brandon J. Shukle, Richard H. TI Virulence in Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Field Collections From the Southeastern United States to 21 Resistance Genes in Wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola destructor; plant resistance; wheat breeding; Hessian fly genotypes ID WINTER-WHEAT; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; BIOTYPE COMPOSITION; POPULATIONS; GENETICS AB Genetic resistance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is the most efficacious method for control of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). However, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of Hessian fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (R) genes with respect to the genotype composition of Hessian fly in regional areas. We report here on the efficacy of 21 R genes in wheat to field collections of Hessian fly from the southeastern United States. Results documented that of the 21 R genes evaluated only five would provide effective protection of wheat from Hessian fly in the southeastern United States. These genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, and H26. Although not all of the 33 identified R genes were evaluated in the current study, these results indicate that identified genetic resistance to protect wheat from Hessian attack in the southeastern United States is a limited resource. Historically, R genes for Hessian fly resistance in wheat have been deployed as single gene releases. Although this strategy has been successful in the past, we recommend that in the future deployment of combinations of highly effective previously undeployed genes, such as H24 and H26, be considered. Our study also highlights the need to identify new and effective sources of resistance in wheat to Hessian fly if genetic resistance is to continue as a viable option for protection of wheat in the southeastern United States. C1 [Cambron, Sue E.; Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cambron, Sue E.; Holland, Jeffery D.; Schemerhorn, Brandon J.; Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Buntin, G. David] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Georgia Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Weisz, Randy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Flanders, Kathy L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rich.shukle@ars.usda.gov OI Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X FU USDA-ARS CRIS [3602-22000-016-00D] FX We thank Jeffrey J. Stuart for reviewing this manuscript and for input concerning the experimental protocol. This is a joint contribution of the USDA-ARS and Purdue University. This study was supported through USDA-ARS CRIS 3602-22000-016-00D. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2229 EP 2235 DI 10.1603/EC10219 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714XV UT WOS:000286845900037 PM 21309248 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Allen, EB Weiss, SB Jovan, S Geiser, LH Tonnesen, GS Johnson, RF Rao, LE Gimeno, BS Yuan, F Meixner, T Bytnerowicz, A AF Fenn, M. E. Allen, E. B. Weiss, S. B. Jovan, S. Geiser, L. H. Tonnesen, G. S. Johnson, R. F. Rao, L. E. Gimeno, B. S. Yuan, F. Meixner, T. Bytnerowicz, A. TI Nitrogen critical loads and management alternatives for N-impacted ecosystems in California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Critical loads; California ecosystems; Nitrogen deposition; Eutrophication; Nitrogen response thresholds; Air pollution effects; Management options; Grassland; Coastal sage scrub; Desert; Pinyon-juniper; Forest; Chaparral; Oak woodland; Epiphytic lichens ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INVASIVE ANNUAL GRASS; INDUCED AGE GRADIENT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; AIR-POLLUTION; DEPOSITION GRADIENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AB Empirical critical loads for N deposition effects and maps showing areas projected to be in exceedance of the critical load (CL) are given for seven major vegetation types in California. Thirty-five percent of the land area for these vegetation types (99,639 km(2)) is estimated to be in excess of the N CL Low CL values (3-8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) were determined for mixed conifer forests, chaparral and oak woodlands due to highly N-sensitive biota (lichens) and N-poor or low biomass vegetation in the case of coastal sage scrub (CSS), annual grassland, and desert scrub vegetation. At these N deposition critical loads the latter three ecosystem types are at risk of major vegetation type change because N enrichment favors invasion by exotic annual grasses. Fifty-four and forty-four percent of the area for CSS and grasslands are in exceedance of the CL for invasive grasses, while 53 and 41% of the chaparral and oak woodland areas are in exceedance of the CL for impacts on epiphytic lichen communities. Approximately 30% of the desert (based on invasive grasses and increased fire risk) and mixed conifer forest (based on lichen community changes) areas are in exceedance of the CL These ecosystems are generally located further from emissions sources than many grasslands or CSS areas. By comparison, only 3-15% of the forested and chaparral land areas are estimated to be in exceedance of the NO3- leaching CL The CL for incipient N saturation in mixed conifer forest catchments was 17 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). In 10% of the CL exceedance areas for all seven vegetation types combined, the CL is exceeded by at least 10 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1), and in 27% of the exceedance areas the CL is exceeded by at least 5 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Management strategies for mitigating the effects of excess N are based on reducing N emissions and reducing site N capital through approaches such as biomass removal and prescribed fire or control of invasive grasses by mowing, selective herbicides, weeding or domestic animal grazing. Ultimately, decreases in N deposition are needed for long-term ecosystem protection and sustainability, and this is the only strategy that will protect epiphytic lichen communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fenn, M. E.; Bytnerowicz, A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Allen, E. B.; Johnson, R. F.; Rao, L. E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Allen, E. B.; Johnson, R. F.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Weiss, S. B.] Creekside Ctr Earth Observat, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Jovan, S.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Geiser, L. H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Air Resource Management Program, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Tonnesen, G. S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Gimeno, B. S.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Yuan, F.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Meixner, T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 FU US Forest Service; National Science Foundation [NSF DEB 04-21530] FX The US Forest Service-Pacific Northwest Research Station of the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, and US Forest Service-Pacific Northwest Region Air Resource Management Program provided funding for data analysis of and access to lichen data. This research was funded in part by a National Science Foundation grant (NSF DEB 04-21530). NR 139 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 55 U2 245 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2404 EP 2423 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.034 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663YN UT WOS:000282926200001 PM 20705383 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT Lima, IM Boihem, LL Wartelle, LH AF Klasson, K. Thomas Lima, Isabel M. Boihem, Larry L., Jr. Wartelle, Lynda H. TI Feasibility of mercury removal from simulated flue gas by activated chars made from poultry manures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Flue gas; Mercury removal; Activated char; Poultry manures ID ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; CARBON; COAL AB Increased emphasis on reduction of mercury emissions from coal fired electric power plants has resulted in environmental regulations that may in the future require application of activated carbons as mercury sorbents for mercury removal. At the same time, the quantity of poultry manure generated each year is large and technologies that take advantage of the material should be explored. The purpose of the work was to obtain preliminary data to investigate if activated chars made from different poultry manures could adsorb mercury from simulated flue gas. In laboratory experiments, activated chars made from chicken cake and litter removed mercury from the gas as well as a commercial alternative. It was also found that acid-washing these chars after activation may improve pore structure but does not influence the mercury removal efficiency. Activated chars were also made from turkey cake and litter. These raw materials produced activated chars with similar pore structure as those made from chicken manure, but they did not adsorb mercury as well. Acid-washing the turkey manure-based chars improved their performance, but this step would add to the cost of production. Preliminary evaluations suggest that unwashed activated chars may cost as little as $0.95/kg to produce. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Klasson, K. Thomas; Lima, Isabel M.; Boihem, Larry L., Jr.; Wartelle, Lynda H.] USDA, ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 110 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM thomas.klasson@ars.usda.gov; isabe.lima@ars.usda.gov; larry.boihem@ars.usda.gov; lynda.wartelle@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2466 EP 2470 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.06.028 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663YN UT WOS:000282926200006 PM 20678859 ER PT J AU Yemshanova, D Koch, FH Ben-Haim, Y Smith, WD AF Yemshanova, Denys Koch, Frank H. Ben-Haim, Yakov Smith, William D. TI Detection capacity, information gaps and the design of surveillance programs for invasive forest pests SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Info-gap; Sirex noctilio; Robustness; Opportuneness; Invasion model; Spatial simulation; Pareto frontier; Multi-criteria ranking ID EXOTIC SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS; SIREX-NOCTILIO HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; DECISION-MAKING; UNITED-STATES; RISK MAPS; TRADE; MANAGEMENT; CANADA AB Integrated pest risk maps and their underlying assessments provide broad guidance for establishing surveillance programs for invasive species, but they rarely account for knowledge gaps regarding the pest of interest or how these can be reduced. In this study we demonstrate how the somewhat competing notions of robustness to uncertainty and potential knowledge gains could be used in prioritizing large-scale surveillance activities. We illustrate this approach with the example of an invasive pest recently detected in North America, Sirex noctilio Fabricius. First, we formulate existing knowledge about the pest into a stochastic model and use the model to estimate the expected utility of surveillance efforts across the landscape. The expected utility accounts for the distribution, abundance and susceptibility of the host resource as well as the value of timely S. noctilio detections. Next, we make use of the info-gap decision theory framework to explore two alternative pest surveillance strategies. The first strategy aims for timely, certain detections and attempts to maximize the robustness to uncertainty about S. noctilio behavior; the second strategy aims to maximize the potential knowledge gain about the pest via unanticipated (i.e., opportune) detections. The results include a set of spatial outputs for each strategy that can be used independently to prioritize surveillance efforts. However, we demonstrate an alternative approach in which these outputs are combined via the Pareto ranking technique into a single priority map that outlines the survey regions with the best trade-offs between both surveillance strategies. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yemshanova, Denys] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Koch, Frank H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Monitoring Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ben-Haim, Yakov] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Smith, William D.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yemshanova, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM dyemshan@nrcan.gc.ca; fkoch@fs.fed.us; yakov@technion.ac.il; bdsmith@fs.fed.us RI Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC [09-JV-11330146-087]; North Carolina State University [09-JV-11330146-087] FX The authors extend their gratitude and thanks to Kurt Riitters (USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station) and Anne Marie Boostelaar (Natural Resources Canada) for technical support with numeric simulations and Peter de Groot (Natural Resources Canada) for early comments on the study concept. The participation of Frank Koch was supported by Research Joint Venture Agreement #09-JV-11330146-087 between the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC and North Carolina State University. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2535 EP 2546 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663YN UT WOS:000282926200016 PM 20674144 ER PT J AU Weyand, PG Smith, BR Puyau, MR Butte, NF AF Weyand, Peter G. Smith, Bethany R. Puyau, Maurice R. Butte, Nancy F. TI The mass-specific energy cost of human walking is set by stature SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metabolism; scaling; locomotion; biomechanics ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; TO-STEP TRANSITIONS; MECHANICAL WORK; PREFERRED SPEED; AEROBIC DEMAND; BODY SIZE; CHILDREN; EXPENDITURE; LOCOMOTION; YOUNG AB The metabolic and mechanical requirements of walking are considered to be of fundamental importance to the health, physiological function and even the evolution of modern humans. Although walking energy expenditure and gait mechanics are clearly linked, a direct quantitative relationship has not emerged in more than a century of formal investigation. Here, on the basis of previous observations that children and smaller adult walkers expend more energy on a per kilogram basis than larger ones do, and the theory of dynamic similarity, we hypothesized that body length (or stature, L-b) explains the apparent body-size dependency of human walking economy. We measured metabolic rates and gait mechanics at six speeds from 0.4 to 1.9 m s(-1) in 48 human subjects who varied by a factor of 1.5 in stature and approximately six in both age and body mass. In accordance with theoretical expectation, we found the most economical walking speeds measured (J kg(-1) m(-1)) to be dynamically equivalent (i.e. similar U, where U=velocity(2)/gravity.leg length) among smaller and larger individuals. At these speeds, stride lengths were directly proportional to stature whereas the metabolic cost per stride was largely invariant (2.74 +/- 0.12 J kg(-1) stride(-1)). The tight coupling of stature, gait mechanics and metabolic energy expenditure resulted in an inverse relationship between mass-specific transport costs and stature (E-trans/M-b proportional to L-b(-0.95), J kg(-1) m(-1)). We conclude that humans spanning a broad range of ages, statures and masses incur the same mass-specific metabolic cost to walk a horizontal distance equal to their stature. C1 [Weyand, Peter G.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Appl Physiol & Wellness, Locomotor Performance Lab, Dallas, TX 75205 USA. [Smith, Bethany R.] Rice Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Locomot Lab, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Puyau, Maurice R.; Butte, Nancy F.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Weyand, PG (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Appl Physiol & Wellness, Locomotor Performance Lab, Dallas, TX 75205 USA. EM pweyand@smu.edu NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 213 IS 23 BP 3972 EP 3979 DI 10.1242/jeb.048199 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 679FH UT WOS:000284146400013 PM 21075938 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Kalchayanand, N Schmidt, JW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, Joseph M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Schmidt, John W. Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Inoculation of Beef with Low Concentrations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Examination of Factors That Interfere with Its Detection by Culture Isolation and Rapid Methods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ACIDIFIED SODIUM-CHLORITE; RAW GROUND-BEEF; REAL-TIME PCR; LACTIC-ACID; O157-H7; ENRICHMENT; CONTAMINATION; PATHOGENS; CATTLE; FECES AB Currently used industry testing programs require the ability to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in samples of beef trim or ground beef at levels as low as 1 CFU/375 g. We present a reliable protocol for generating a control inoculum for verification testing at this low concentration and evaluate its use. Results show that half of all samples received no cells when 1 CFU was the target concentration and that targets greater than 3 CFU were much more reliable. Detection by culture isolation and two commercial assays, Qualicon BAX-MP and BioControl GDS, detected 94% +/- 11%, 92% +/- 10%, and 92% +/- 7% of samples inoculated with 5.4 CFU (range 1 to 9 CFU), respectively. We also examined the effect of background aerobic plate count (APC) bacteria and fat content effects on the detection of E. coli O157:H7. At APC concentrations below 6 log CFU/g, the rapid methods detected all beef trim samples inoculated with 26 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per 65 g. At an APC of 6.7 log CFU/g, culture, BAX-MP, and GDS detected 100, 75, and 13%, respectively, of inoculated samples. Neither commercial method detected E. coli O157:H7 in the samples when APC was 7.7 log CFU/g, whereas culture was able to detect 63% of E. coli O157:H7 in the samples when APC was at this concentration. Increased fat content correlated with decreasing recovery of immunomagnetic separation beads, but this was not observed to interfere with detection of E. coli O157:H7. C1 [Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Schmidt, John W.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] IEH Labs & Consulting Grp, Lake Forest Pk, WA 98155 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mick.bosilevac@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI Schmidt, John/0000-0003-0494-2436 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 73 IS 12 BP 2180 EP 2188 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 692RJ UT WOS:000285172500004 PM 21219734 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, Christos G. Arthur, Frank H. Throne, James E. TI Efficacy of Methoprene for Control of Five Species of Psocids (Psocoptera) on Wheat, Rice, and Maize SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL PLUS; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; DOMINICA F COLEOPTERA; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA; LEPINOTUS-RETICULATUS; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; POPULATION-GROWTH AB The insect growth regulator methoprene was evaluated for control of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein), Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), and Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Trogiidae) at application rates of 1, 5, and 10 ppm on maize, wheat, and rice. Methoprene did not completely suppress progeny production during the 40-day test period, but did cause a significant reduction in adult progeny in all psocid species at the application rates of 5 and 10 ppm. At I ppm, numbers of adults were reduced for all species on wheat and maize, but only for L. paeta on rice. Nevertheless, the numbers of nymphs present after 40 days generally were not reduced, relative to the controls. Methoprene applied at rates of 1 to 10 ppm to stored grain would not provide adequate control of psocids. C1 [Athanassiou, Christos G.] Univ Thessaly, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, N Ionia 38443, Magnisia, Greece. [Athanassiou, Christos G.; Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Phytokou Str, N Ionia 38443, Magnisia, Greece. EM athanassiou@agr.uth.gr NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 73 IS 12 BP 2244 EP 2249 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 692RJ UT WOS:000285172500013 PM 21219743 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Loomis, John Gonzalez-Caban, Armando TI Forest Service Use of Nonmarket Valuation in Fire Economics: Past, Present, and Future SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation method; endangered species; mechanical fuel reduction; old-growth forests; prescribed burning; willingness-to-pay ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; SPOTTED OWL HABITAT; CONTINGENT VALUATION; GENERAL-POPULATION; GOODS; EXISTENCE; BENEFITS; OPTION; RISK AB The need for monetary benefits of protecting spotted owl old-growth forest habitat from fire in the early 1990s was the catalyst for application of nonmarket valuation techniques to fire management within the US Forest Service. Two large-scale general public surveys successfully established that the contingent valuation method (CVM) could be used to estimate both state-level and national-level benefits for fire prevention and fire suppression in endangered species critical habitat. By the late 1990s large-scale wildland-urban interface fires resulted in the need to measure what the general public would pay for prescribed burning and mechanical fuel reduction programs. To reduce the expense of conducting original surveys, we use past results to offer benefit transfer of the existing results as a plausible interim technique to provide nonmarket benefits the general public receives from fire prevention and suppression. We also offer some insights as to the next frontiers in CVM application to wildland fire. C1 [Loomis, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gonzalez-Caban, Armando] US Forest Serv, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM John.Loomis@colostate.edu; agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service, and US Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management; Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station FX John Loomis (John.Loomis@colostate.edu) is professor, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1172. Armando Gonzalez-Caban (agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us) is research economist, Forest Fire Lab, US Forest Service, 41955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for numerous valuable suggestions for improving the clarity and completeness of this article. They also thank the Joint Fire Sciences Program, US Forest Service, and US Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management, and the Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station for their financial support of the work presented here. They thank Hayley Heseln, University of Saskatchewan, former Colorado State Graduate student Lucas Bair, Jim Baton, University of Georgia Survey Research Center, and Robin Gregory, Decision Data, for their collaboration in survey development, data acquisition, and article review. Any errors of omission or commission are the sole responsibility of the authors. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and in no way represent the views of the US Forest Service. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 108 IS 8 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 703BU UT WOS:000285949900004 ER PT J AU O'Hara, KL Youngblood, A Waring, KM AF O'Hara, Kevin L. Youngblood, Andrew Waring, Kristen M. TI Maturity Selection versus Improvement Selection: Lessons from a Mid-20th Century Controversy in the Silviculture of Ponderosa Pine SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; uneven-aged; multiaged; silviculture; single tree selection ID UNEVEN-AGED SILVICULTURE; HISTORY; FORESTS; OREGON; STANDS AB Two rival silvicultural systems for promoting multiaged ponderosa pine stands emerged in the 1930s and 1940s. Maturity selection was developed to move the vast ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) acreage in eastern Oregon and Washington into regulation to limit bark beetle losses. In the Southwest, improvement selection was designed to improve residual growing stock by making stands less susceptible to wind, lightening, and dwarf mistletoe. The primary difference between the systems was the treatment of undesirable smaller trees. Maturity selection tended to ignore them whereas improvement selection removed them. Improvement selection appeared to place a greater emphasis on the future whereas maturity selection focused more on current economic values. The controversy subsided by 1960 because of increased interest in even-aged systems. Although these systems have largely been forgotten, they provide interesting insights to the current trend of increased use of multiaged systems. Both systems involved greater volume removals at longer cutting cycles than current systems. C1 [O'Hara, Kevin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, LaGrande Forestry Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Waring, Kristen M.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP O'Hara, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kohara@berkeley.edu; ayoungblood@fs.fed.us; kristen.waring@nau.edu RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009; OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838; O'Hara, Kevin/0000-0002-3800-9188 NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 108 IS 8 BP 397 EP 407 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 703BU UT WOS:000285949900005 ER PT J AU Masler, EP AF Masler, E. P. TI In vitro comparison of protease activities in preparations from free-living (Panagrellus redivivus) and plant-parasitic (Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes using FMRFa and FMRFa-like peptides as substrates SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; CARDIOEXCITATORY NEUROPEPTIDE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; AMINOPEPTIDASE; METABOLISM; STABILITY; DEGRADOME AB Extracts prepared from the microbivorous nematode Panagrellus redivivus and the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita were used to provide general protease activities for peptide substrate screening and species comparisons. Each extract was evaluated for its ability to degrade a broad range of nematode FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs), key regulatory messengers governing nematode growth and development. Clear quantitative differences between the two extracts were observed using FMRFamide as a substrate. Extract potency assessed at EC(50) (mu g/mu l extract protein for 50% substrate digestion) was 1.8-fold greater for P. redivivus than for M. incognita, and potency assessed at EC(90) was 2.5-fold greater. An overall potency difference was also present when screening the digestion of 17 nematode FLPs, but it was not universal. The mean percentage digestion of eight of the 17 FLPs was greater (P < 0.02) with P. redivivus extract (76.3 +/- 8.2) than with M. incognita extract (38.1 +/- 8.7), but the means for the other nine FLPs were not different. Three FLPs (KPSFVRFa, AQTFVRFa, RNKFEFIRFa) were degraded extensively by the extracts of both species, and two FLPs (SAPYDPNFLRFa, SAEPFGTMRFa) were degraded 2.9-fold and 5.3-fold greater, respectively, with M. incognita extract than with P. redivivus extract. The ability of each extract to degrade FMRFa and KSAYMRFa was significantly reduced by using peptide analogues containing single D-amino acid substitutions, and the substitution effects were positional. Both FMRFa and KSAYMRFa were competitive substrates for aminopeptidases in each extract, but only the competitive ability of FMRFa was reduced by D-amino acid substitution. The variety and complexity of nematode FLP degradation by preparations representing phylogenetically and developmentally different nematode sources are discussed. C1 Agr Res Serv, Nematol Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Nematol Lab, USDA, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM edward.masler@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 84 IS 4 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1017/S0022149X1000012X PG 9 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 674XB UT WOS:000283782800015 PM 20334714 ER PT J AU Miralles, DG Crow, WT Cosh, MH AF Miralles, Diego G. Crow, Wade T. Cosh, Michael H. TI Estimating Spatial Sampling Errors in Coarse-Scale Soil Moisture Estimates Derived from Point-Scale Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TRIPLE COLLOCATION; STABILITY; VALIDATION; SATELLITE; WIND; TIME AB The validation of satellite surface soil moisture products requires comparisons between point-scale ground observations and footprint-scale (> 100 km(2)) retrievals. In regions containing a limited number of measurement sites per footprint, some of the observed difference between the retrievals and ground observations is attributable to spatial sampling error and not the intrinsic error of the satellite retrievals themselves. Here, a triple collocation (TC) approach is applied to footprint-scale soil moisture products acquired from passive microwave remote sensing, land surface modeling, and a single ground-based station with the goal of the estimating (and correcting for) spatial sampling error in footprint-scale soil moisture estimates derived from the ground station. Using these three soil moisture products, the TC approach is shown to estimate point-to-footprint soil moisture sampling errors to within 0.0059 m(3) m (3) and enhance the ability to validate satellite footprint-scale soil moisture products using existing low-density ground networks. C1 [Crow, Wade T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Rm 104,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov RI Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751; Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA FX This research was NASA-supported through Wade Crow's membership on the NASA SMAP mission science definition team. NR 20 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1423 EP 1429 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1285.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZE UT WOS:000286178800016 ER PT J AU Zhao, AP Urban, JF Sun, R Stiltz, J Morimoto, M Notari, L Madden, KB Yang, ZH Grinchuk, V Ramalingam, TR Wynn, TA Shea-Donohue, T AF Zhao, Aiping Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Sun, Rex Stiltz, Jennifer Morimoto, Motoko Notari, Luigi Madden, Kathleen B. Yang, Zhonghan Grinchuk, Viktoriya Ramalingam, Thirumalai R. Wynn, Thomas A. Shea-Donohue, Terez TI Critical Role of IL-25 in Nematode Infection-Induced Alterations in Intestinal Function SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS INFECTION; TYPE-2 IMMUNITY; MAST-CELLS; IN-VIVO; IL-13; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN-25; INFLAMMATION; RESPONSES AB IL-25 (IL-17E) is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family. IL-25-deficient mice exhibit impaired Th2 immunity against nematode infection, implicating IL-25 as a key component in mucosal immunity. The sources of IL-25 and mechanisms responsible for the induction of Th2 immunity by IL-25 in the gastrointestinal tract remain poorly understood. There is also little information on the regulation of IL-25 during inflammation or its role in gut function. In the current study, we investigated the regulation of IL-25 during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection and the contribution of IL-25 to the infection-induced alterations in intestinal function. We found that epithelial cells, but not immune cells, are the major source of IL-25 in the small intestine. N. brasiliensis infection-induced upregulation of IL-25 depends upon IL-13 activation of STAT6. IL-25(-/-) mice had diminished intestinal smooth muscle and epithelial responses to N. brasiliensis infection that were associated with an impaired Th2 protective immunity. Exogenous IL-25 induced characteristic changes similar to those after nematode infection but was unable to restore the impaired host immunity against N. brasiliensis infection in IL-13(-/-) mice. These data show that IL-25 plays a critical role in nematode infection-induced alterations in intestinal function that are important for host protective immunity, and IL-13 is the major downstream Th2 cytokine responsible for the IL-25 effects. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185: 6921-6929. C1 [Zhao, Aiping; Stiltz, Jennifer; Notari, Luigi; Yang, Zhonghan; Grinchuk, Viktoriya; Shea-Donohue, Terez] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhao, Aiping; Sun, Rex; Stiltz, Jennifer; Notari, Luigi; Yang, Zhonghan; Grinchuk, Viktoriya; Shea-Donohue, Terez] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Morimoto, Motoko] Miyagi Univ, Sch Food Agr Environm Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 982 0215, Japan. [Madden, Kathleen B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ramalingam, Thirumalai R.; Wynn, Thomas A.] NIAID, Div Parasitol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zhao, AP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM azhao@mbrc.umaryland.edu RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU National Institutes of Health [R01-DK083418, R01-AI/DK49316]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [1235-51000-055] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-DK083418 (to A.Z.) and R01-AI/DK49316 (to T.S.-D.) and by U.S. Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System Project No. 1235-51000-055 (to J.F.U.). NR 34 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 185 IS 11 BP 6921 EP 6929 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.1000450 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 681KJ UT WOS:000284311500059 PM 20974983 ER PT J AU Ul Haq, I Mayr, L Teal, PEA Hendrichs, J Robinson, AS Stauffer, C Hood-Nowotny, R AF Ul Haq, Ihsan Mayr, Leopold Teal, P. E. A. Hendrichs, Jorge Robinson, Alan S. Stauffer, Christian Hood-Nowotny, Rebecca TI Total body nitrogen and total body carbon as indicators of body protein and body lipids in the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Effects of methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue, and of diet supplementation with hydrolyzed yeast SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera cucurbitae; Isotope N-15; Methoprene; Hydrolyzed yeast; SIT; Total body carbon; Total body nitrogen ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; SELF-SELECTION; COQUILLETT DIPTERA; MATING SUCCESS; STERILE-MALE; SEXUAL COMPETITIVENESS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB The application of methoprene and providing access to diet including hydrolyzed yeast are treatments known to enhance mating success in the male melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera Tephritidae) supporting their use in mass rearing protocols for sterile males in the context of sterile insect technique (SIT) programmes The objective of the present laboratory study was to investigate the effect of methoprene application and diet supplementation with hydrolyzed yeast (protein) on the turnover of body lipids and protein to confirm the feasibility of their application in melon fly SIT mass-rearing programmes While females had access to a diet that included hydrolyzed yeast (protein) males were exposed to one of the following treatments (1) topical application of methoprene and access to diet including protein (M+P+) (2) only diet including protein (M-P+) (3) only methoprene (M+P-) and (4) untreated only sugar-fed control males (M-P-) Total body carbon (TBC) and total body nitrogen (TBN) of flies were measured at regular Intervals from emergence to 35 days of age for each of the different treatments Nitrogen assimilation and turnover in the flies were measured using stable Isotope (N-15) dilution techniques Hydrolyzed yeast incorporation into the diet significantly Increased male body weight TBC and TBN as compared to sugar-fed males Females had significantly higher body weight TBC and TBN as compared to all males TBC and TBN showed age-dependent changes increasing until the age of sexual maturity and decreasing afterwards in both sexes Methoprene treatment did not significantly affect TBC or TBN The progressive increase with age of TBC suggests that lipogenesis occurs in adult male B cucurbitae as is the case in other tephritids Stable isotope dilution was shown to be an effective method for determining N uptake in B cucurbitae This technique was used to show that sugar-fed males rely solely on larval N reserves and that the N uptake rate in males with access to diet including hydrolyzed yeast was higher shortly after emergence and then stabilized The implications of the results for SIT applications are discussed (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Ul Haq, Ihsan; Robinson, Alan S.; Hood-Nowotny, Rebecca] Joint FAO IAEA Agr & Biotechnol Labs, Insect Pest Control Lab, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Ul Haq, Ihsan] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Islamabad 4500, Pakistan. [Mayr, Leopold] Joint FAO IAEA Agr & Biotechnol Labs, Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutr Lab, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Teal, P. E. A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Hendrichs, Jorge] IAEA, Joint FAO IAEA Div, Insect Pest Control Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Stauffer, Christian] BOKU, Inst Forest Entomol Forest Pathol & Forest Protec, Vienna, Austria. RP Ul Haq, I (reprint author), Joint FAO IAEA Agr & Biotechnol Labs, Insect Pest Control Lab, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. RI Hood-Nowotny, Rebecca/H-3399-2012; OI , Ihsan/0000-0001-5879-7698 NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1807 EP 1815 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.07.011 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 684SE UT WOS:000284568800013 PM 20688076 ER PT J AU Lomakin, J Arakane, Y Kramer, KJ Beeman, RW Kanost, MR Gehrke, SH AF Lomakin, Joseph Arakane, Yasuyuki Kramer, Karl J. Beeman, Richard W. Kanost, Michael R. Gehrke, Stevin H. TI Mechanical properties of elytra from Tribolium castaneum wild-type and body color mutant strains SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Elytra; Insect cuticle; Cross linking; Tanning; Sclerotization; Pigmentation; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Melanin; Catecholamine; Red flour beetle ID INSECT CUTICLE; SCLEROTIZED CUTICLES; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; CUTICULAR STRENGTH; BETA-ALANINE; CATECHOLAMINES; PIGMENTATION; RESISTANCE; FOREWINGS; HEMOLYMPH AB Cuticle tanning in insects involves simultaneous cuticular pigmentation and hardening or sclerotization The dynamic mechanical properties of the highly modified and cuticle-rich forewings (elytra) from Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) wild-type and body color mutant strains were investigated to relate body coloration and elytral mechanical properties There was no statistically significant variation in the storage modulus E' among the elytra from Jet cola sooty and black mutants or between the mutants and the wild-type GA-1 strain E' averaged 5 1 +/- 06 GPa regardless of body color E' is a power law function of oscillation frequency for all types The power law exponent n averaged 0 032 +/- 0 001 for elytra from all genotypes except black this small value indicated that the elytra are cross-linked Black elytra however displayed a significantly larger n of 0 047 +/- 0 004 and an Increased loss tangent (tan delta) suggesting that metabolic differences in the black mutant strain result in elytra that are less cross-linked and more pigmented than the other types These results are consistent with the hypothesis that black elytra have a beta-alanine-deficient and dopamine-abundant metabolism leading to greater melanin (black pigment) production probably at the expense of cross linking of cuticular proteins mediated by N-beta-alanyldopamine quinone (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Lomakin, Joseph; Gehrke, Stevin H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Arakane, Yasuyuki; Kramer, Karl J.; Kanost, Michael R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arakane, Yasuyuki] Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Plant Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Kramer, Karl J.; Beeman, Richard W.] Agr Res Serv, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lomakin, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, 1530 W 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. FU National Science Foundation [IOS 0726412] FX We thank Patricia A Huber for assistance in preparation of this manuscript This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No IOS 0726412 Any opinions findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation This is contribution 10-068-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U S Department of Agriculture All programs and services of the U S Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race color national origin religion sex age marital status or handicap NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1901 EP 1906 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.08.012 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 684SE UT WOS:000284568800025 PM 20727898 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Sgolastra, F Kemp, WP AF Bosch, Jordi Sgolastra, Fabio Kemp, William P. TI Timing of eclosion affects diapause development, fat body consumption and longevity in Osmia lignaria, a univoltine, adult-wintering solitary bee SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Life cycle phenology; Diapause ecophysiology; Respirometry; Winter survival; Fat body; Megachilidae; Climate change; Global warming ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; LIFE-HISTORY RESPONSES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EMERGENCE TIME; COLD-HARDINESS; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; SUMMER DIAPAUSE; INSECT DIAPAUSE; NEZARA-VIRIDULA AB Most Insects from temperate areas enter diapause ahead of winter Species diapausing in a feeding stage and accumulating metabolic reserves during permissive pre-wintering conditions are expected to enter diapause shortly before the onset of winter In contrast species diapausing in a non-feeding stage are expected to lower their metabolism as soon as possible to avoid excessive consumption of metabolic reserves The solitary bee Osmia lignaria winters as a non-feeding adult within its cocoon but previous studies show important weight losses and increased winter mortality in populations pre-wintered for extended periods We measured respiration rates to assess diapause initiation and maintenance during pre-wintering and tested whether timing of adult eclosion affected fitness by measuring fat body depletion winter mortality and post-winter longevity We worked with different cohorts of a population reared under natural conditions and manipulated pre-wintering duration in a population reared under artificial conditions In agreement with our expectation O lignaria lower their metabolic rates within a few days of adult eclosion but nonetheless suffer strong weight loss during pre-wintering Early developing individuals suffer greater weight loss and fat body depletion and have short post-winter longevity Although we found no differences in winter mortality among treatments our results indicate that Increased mortality may occur in years with late winter arrivals We discuss fundamental ecophysiological differences between adult and prepupal diapause within the Megachilidae and hypothesize that species wintering as adults will be more negatively affected by a situation of extended summers under a scenario of global warming Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Bosch, Jordi] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Bosch, Jordi] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Sgolastra, Fabio] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Kemp, William P.] ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, Ecol CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457; Sgolastra, Fabio/0000-0002-2845-8297 FU University of Bologna; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CSD2008-00040] FX We are very grateful to G E Trostle and S Kalaskar (USDA- ARS Logan Utah) for their outstanding assistance throughout the study J M Espelta (CREAF Bellaterra Spain) and G D Yocum (USDA- ARS Fargo North Dakota) reviewed a draft of the manuscript and made suggestions for its improvement. This study was partially supported by a Ph D scholarship from the University of Bologna to F S and the project Montes CSD2008-00040 of the Consoltder-Ingento program (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) to J B NR 62 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1949 EP 1957 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.08.017 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 684SE UT WOS:000284568800031 PM 20816851 ER PT J AU Luo, M Liu, J Lee, D Scully, BT Guo, BZ AF Luo, Meng Liu, Jia Lee, Dewey Scully, Brian T. Guo, Baozhu TI Monitoring the Expression of Maize Genes in Developing Kernels under Drought Stress using Oligo-microarray SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; SEED DEVELOPMENT; WATER-DEFICIT; ABIOTIC STRESS; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; CELL-DIVISION; INBRED TEX6; RESISTANCE AB Preharvest aflatoxin contamination of grain grown on the US southeastern Coast Plain is provoked and aggravated by abiotic stress. The primary abiotic stress is drought along with high temperatures. The objectives of the present study were to monitor gene expression in developing kernels in response to drought stress and to identify drought-responsive genes for possible use in germplasm assessment. The maize breeding line Tex6 was used, and gene expression profiles were analyzed in developing kernels under drought stress verses well-watered conditions at the stages of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 d after pollination (DAP) using the 70 mer maize oligo-arrays. A total of 9 573 positive array spots were detected with unique gene IDs, and 7 988 were common in both stressed and well-watered samples. Expression patterns of some genes in several stress response-associated pathways, including abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, were examined, and these specific genes were responsive to drought stress positively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction validated microarray expression data. The comparison between Tex6 and B73 revealed that there were significant differences in specific gene expression, patterns and levels. Several defense-related genes had been downregulated, even though some defense-related or drought responsive genes were upregulated at the later stages. C1 [Scully, Brian T.; Guo, Baozhu] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Liu, Jia] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Luo, Meng; Lee, Dewey] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Baozhu.Guo@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [58-6602-1-213, 58-6602-6-121]; University of Georgia; USDA Agricultural Research Service; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn FX We thank Ernest Harris, Kippy Lewis and Billy Wilson for technical assistance in the field and the laboratory and Don White of University of Illinois at Urbana for providing Tex6 kernels. This research is supported by USDA Specific Cooperative Agreements 58-6602-1-213 and 58-6602-6-121 with the University of Georgia, and partially supported by funds provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 68 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1059 EP 1074 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01000.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 685FL UT WOS:000284614500003 PM 21106005 ER PT J AU Phillips, CM Goumidi, L Bertrais, S Field, MR Cupples, LA Ordovas, JM McMonagle, J Defoort, C Lovegrove, JA Drevon, CA Blaak, EE Kiec-Wilk, B Riserus, U Lopez-Miranda, J McManus, R Hercberg, S Lairon, D Planells, R Roche, HM AF Phillips, Catherine M. Goumidi, Louisa Bertrais, Sandrine Field, Martyn R. Cupples, L. Adrienne Ordovas, Jose M. McMonagle, Jolene Defoort, Catherine Lovegrove, Julie A. Drevon, Christian A. Blaak, Ellen E. Kiec-Wilk, Beata Riserus, Ulf Lopez-Miranda, Jose McManus, Ross Hercberg, Serge Lairon, Denis Planells, Richard Roche, Helen M. TI ACC2 gene polymorphisms, metabolic syndrome, and gene-nutrient interactions with dietary fat SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetic polymorphisms; insulin resistance; fatty acid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acids ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ACID-COMPOSITION; LIPOGENIC GENES; SERUM-LIPIDS; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; GLUCOSE AB Acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACC2) plays a key role in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation pathways. Disturbance of these pathways is associated with impaired insulin responsiveness and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gene-nutrient interactions may affect MetS risk. This study determined the relationship between ACC2 polymorphisms (rs2075263, rs2268387, rs2284685, rs2284689, rs2300453, rs3742023, rs3742026, rs4766587, and rs6606697) and MetS risk, and whether dietary fatty acids modulate this in the LIPGENE-SU. VI.MAX study of MetS cases and matched controls (n = 1754). Minor A allele carriers of rs4766587 had increased MetS risk (OR 1.29 [CI 1.08, 1.58], P = 0.0064) compared with the GG homozygotes, which may in part be explained by their increased body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, and impaired insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05). MetS risk was modulated by dietary fat intake (P = 0.04 for gene-nutrient interaction), where risk conferred by the A allele was exacerbated among individuals with a high-fat intake (>35% energy) (OR 1.62 [CI 1.05, 2.50], P = 0.027), particularly a high intake (>5.5% energy) of n-6 polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) (OR 1.82 [CI 1.14, 2.94], P = 0.01; P = 0.05 for gene-nutrient interaction). Saturated and monounsaturated fat intake did not modulate MetS risk. Importantly, we replicated some of these findings in an independent cohort.jlr In conclusion, the ACC2 rs4766587 polymorphism influences MetS risk, which was modulated by dietary fat, suggesting novel gene-nutrient interactions.-Phillips, C. M., L. Goumidi, S. Bertrais, M. R. Field, L. Adrienne Cupples, J. M. Ordovas, J. McMonagle, C. Defoort, J. A. Lovegrove, C. A. Drevon, E. E. Blaak, B. Kiec-Wilk, U. Riserus, J. Lopez-Miranda, R. McManus, S. Hercberg, D. Lairon, R. Planells, and H. M. Roche. ACC2 gene polymorphisms, metabolic syndrome, and gene-nutrient interactions with dietary fat. J. Lipid Res. 2010. 51: 3500-3507. C1 [Phillips, Catherine M.; McMonagle, Jolene; Roche, Helen M.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Conway Inst, UCD Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Nutrigen Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Goumidi, Louisa; Defoort, Catherine; Lairon, Denis; Planells, Richard] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, INSERM 476, INRA 1260, Marseille, France. [Bertrais, Sandrine; Hercberg, Serge] Univ Paris, INSERM U557, INRA, CNAM, Bobigny, France. [Field, Martyn R.] Hitachi Dublin Lab, Dublin, Ireland. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lovegrove, Julie A.] Univ Reading, Inst Cardiovasc & Metab Res, Dept Food Biosci, Hugh Sinclair Unit Human Nutr, Reading, Berks, England. [Drevon, Christian A.] Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. [Blaak, Ellen E.] Nutr & Toxicol Res Inst Maastricht NUTRIM, Dept Human Biol, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Kiec-Wilk, Beata] Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Krakow, Poland. [Riserus, Ulf] Uppsala Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci Clin Nutr & Metab, Uppsala, Sweden. [Lopez-Miranda, Jose] Univ Cordoba, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Inst Maimonides Invest Biomed Cordoba IMIBIC, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain. [McManus, Ross] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Inst Mol Med, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Roche, HM (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Conway Inst, UCD Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Nutrigen Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM helen.roche@ucd.ie RI Phillips, Catherine/E-4412-2013; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; McManus, Ross/0000-0002-0529-9617; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU European Union [FOOD-CT-2003-505944]; Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation; South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority; Aktieselskabet Freia Chocolade Fabrik's Medical Foundation; Johan Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research FX This work was supported by the European Union's Framework Programme 6, LIPGENE project (contract number FOOD-CT-2003-505944); the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation; South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority; Aktieselskabet Freia Chocolade Fabrik's Medical Foundation; and Johan Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 3500 EP 3507 DI 10.1194/jlr.M008474 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 677MU UT WOS:000283997300011 PM 20855566 ER PT J AU Peloso, GM Demissie, S Collins, D Mirel, DB Gabriel, SB Cupples, LA Robins, SJ Schaefer, EJ Brousseau, ME AF Peloso, Gina M. Demissie, Serkalem Collins, Dorothea Mirel, Daniel B. Gabriel, Stacey B. Cupples, L. Adrienne Robins, Sander J. Schaefer, Ernst J. Brousseau, Margaret E. TI Common genetic variation in multiple metabolic pathways influences susceptibility to low HDL-cholesterol and coronary heart disease SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetics; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; candidate genes ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; INTERVENTION TRIAL; ARTERY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EUROPEAN-AMERICAN; RISK-FACTORS; LIPID-LEVELS; POPULATION; PLASMA AB A low level of HDL-C is the most common plasma lipid abnormality observed in men with established coronary heart disease (CHD). To identify allelic variants associated with susceptibility to low HDL-C and CHD, we examined 60 candidate genes with key roles in HDL metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation using samples from the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT; cases, n = 699) and the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS; controls, n = 705). VA-HIT was designed to examine the benefits of HDL-raising with gemfibrozil in men with low HDL-C (<= 40 mg/dl) and established CHD. After adjustment for multiple testing within each gene, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) significantly associated with case status were identified in the genes encoding LIPC (rs4775065, P < 0.0001); CETP (rs5882, P = 0.0002); RXRA (rs11185660, P = 0.0021); ABCA1 (rs2249891, P = 0.0126); ABCC6 (rs150468, P = 0.0206; rs212077, P = 0.0443); CUBN (rs7893395, P = 0.0246); APOA2 (rs3813627, P = 0.0324); SELP (rs732314, P = 0.0376); and APOC4 (rs10413089, P = 0.0425).jlr Included among the novel findings of this study are the identification of susceptibility alleles for low HDL-C/CHD risk in the genes encoding CUBN and RXRA, and the observation that genetic variation in SELP may influence CHD risk through its effects on HDL.-Peloso, G. M., S. Demissie, D. Collins, D. B. Mirel, S. B. Gabriel, L. A. Cupples, S. J. Robins, E. J. Schaefer, and M. E. Brousseau. Common genetic variation in multiple metabolic pathways influences susceptibility to low HDL-cholesterol and coronary heart disease. J. Lipid Res. 2010. 51: 3524-3532. C1 [Schaefer, Ernst J.; Brousseau, Margaret E.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging Tufts Un, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peloso, Gina M.; Demissie, Serkalem; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Collins, Dorothea] Vet Affairs Cooperat Studies Program Coordinating, New Haven, CT USA. [Mirel, Daniel B.; Gabriel, Stacey B.] Broad Inst Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mirel, Daniel B.; Gabriel, Stacey B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne; Robins, Sander J.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Brousseau, ME (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging Tufts Un, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM margaret.brousseau@novartis.com OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU National Institutes of Health [R01-HL-60935]; National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [N01-HC-25195]; Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources [U54 RR0-20278]; Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01-HL-60935 (EJS and MEB) and the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Contract N01-HC-25195 (Framingham Heart Study). The Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Cooperative Studies Program. The Broad Institute Center for Genotyping and Analysis is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources Grant U54 RR0-20278. A portion of this research used the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA-II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or other granting agencies. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 3524 EP 3532 DI 10.1194/jlr.P008268 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 677MU UT WOS:000283997300014 PM 20855565 ER PT J AU Moore, SR Lawrence, KS Arriaga, FJ Burmester, CH van Santen, E AF Moore, Scott R. Lawrence, Kathy S. Arriaga, Francisco J. Burmester, Charles H. van Santen, Edzard TI Natural Migration of Rotylenchulus reniformis In a No-Till Cotton System SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavior; cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; host-parasite relationship; movement; no-till; population dynamics; root growth; Rotylenchulus reniformis AB Rotylenchulus reniformis is the most damaging nematode pathogen of cotton in Alabama. It is easily introduced into cotton fields via contaminated equipment and, when present, is difficult and costly to control. A trial to monitor the natural migration of R. reniformis from an initial point of origin was established in 2007 and studied over two growing seasons in both irrigated and non-irrigated no-till cotton production systems. Vermiform females, juveniles and males reached a horizontal distance of 200 cm from the initial inoculation point, and a depth of 91 cm in the first season in both systems. Irrigation had no effect on the migration of vermiform females and juveniles, but males migrated faster in the irrigated trial than in the non-irrigated trial. Population density increased steadily in the irrigated trial during both years, exceeding the economic threshold of 1,000 per 150 cm(3), but was highly correlated with rainfall in the non-irrigated trial. The average speed of migration ranged from 0- to 3.3-cm per day over 150 days. R. reniformis was able to establish in both the irrigated and non-irrigated trials in one season and to increase population density significantly. C1 [Moore, Scott R.; Lawrence, Kathy S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Arriaga, Francisco J.] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Burmester, Charles H.] Alabama Cooperat Extens Syst, Madison, AL 35756 USA. [van Santen, Edzard] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Moore, SR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM moores5@auburn.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V29HZ UT WOS:000208740800004 PM 22736863 ER PT J AU Kohl, LM Warfield, CY Benson, DM AF Kohl, Lisa M. Warfield, Colleen Y. Benson, D. Michael TI Population Dynamics and Dispersal of Aphelenchoides fragariae in Nursery-grown Lantana SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphelenchoides fragariae; detection; dispersal; ecology; foliar nematode; Lantana camara; management; nursery; ornamental crop; population dynamics; Salvia farinaeae AB Population dynamics of Aphelenchoides fragariae were assessed over three growing seasons and during overwintering for naturally-infected, container-grown lantana (Latana camara) plants in a North Carolina nursery. During the growing season, the foliar nematode population in symptomatic leaves peaked in July each year then remained above 100 nematodes/g fresh weight into late summer. Foliar nematodes were also detected in asymptomatic and abscised leaves. Results suggest that leaves infected with foliar nematodes first develop symptoms at populations of about 10 nematodes/g. Foliar nematodes were detected in symptomatic and asymptomatic plant leaves and in abscised leaves during overwintering in a polyhouse, but the number of infected plants was low. A steep disease gradient was found for infection of lantana plants by A. fragariae on a nursery pad with sprinkler irrigation. When the canopies of initially healthy plants were touching the canopies of an infected plants, 100% of the plants became infected within 11 wk, but only 5 to 10% became infected at a canopy distance of 30 cm. Overwintering of A. fragariae in infected plants and a steep disease gradient during the growing season suggests strict sanitation and an increase in plant spacing are needed to mitigate losses from this nematode pest. C1 [Kohl, Lisa M.; Warfield, Colleen Y.; Benson, D. Michael] NC State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kohl, LM (reprint author), Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM mike_benson@ncsu.edu FU American Floral Endowment; Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation; Horticultural Research Institute FX A portion of a M.Sc. thesis by the first author. This research was supported in part by the American Floral Endowment, the Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation and the Horticultural Research Institute through grants to the second author. The authors thank Kala Parker and Billy Daughtry for technical support, and Eric L. Davis and Candace H. Haigler for discussion and comments on the manuscript. We also thank the collaborating nursery for providing and maintaining the plants as well as allowing us to conduct this research at their facility. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 332 EP 341 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V29HZ UT WOS:000208740800008 PM 22736867 ER PT J AU Wubben, MJ Ganji, S Callahan, FE AF Wubben, Martin J. Ganji, Satish Callahan, Franklin E. TI Identification and molecular characterization of a beta-1,4-endoglucanase gene (Rr-eng-1) from Rotylenchulus reniformis SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulase; endoglucanase; reniform nematode; host parasitic relationship; molecular biology; parasitism gene; phylogenetics; Rotylenchulus reniformis AB beta-1,4-endoglucanses, a.k.a. cellulases, are parasitism genes that facilitate root penetration and migration by plant-parasitic nematodes. Rotylenchulus reniformis is a sedentary semi-endoparasite for which little molecular data has been collected. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of a predicted glycosyl hydrolase family 5 cellulase from R. reniformis that we have named Rr-eng-1. The Rr-eng-1 cDNA was 1,341 bp long and was comprised of a 19 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1,245 bp open reading frame (ORF), and an 80 bp 3'-UTR. The Rr-eng-1 genomic sequence was 2,325 bp. Alignment of the cDNA and genomic sequences revealed seven introns and eight exons for Rr-eng-1. BLASTN analysis showed the Rr-eng-1 cDNA was most homologous to the Hg-eng-6 mRNA from Heterodera glycines. Southern blot analysis indicated that at least three Rr-eng-1-like sequences were present in the R. reniformis genome. Translation of the Rr-eng-1 ORF yielded a 414 amino acid peptide (Rr-ENG-1) having an N-terminal signal sequence for secretion. No cellulose binding module (CBM) was detected in Rr-ENG-1; however, a putative CBM linker sequence N-terminal to the catalytic domain was present. Rr-ENG-1 was most homologous to Hg-ENG-6 but also shared a number of intron splice positions with Mi-ENG-2. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that Rr-eng-1 was highly expressed in the J2 and adult vermiform life-stages with a sharp decline in expression detected in sedentary females. C1 [Wubben, Martin J.; Callahan, Franklin E.] ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wubben, Martin J.; Ganji, Satish] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wubben, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Martin.Wubben@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 342 EP 351 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V29HZ UT WOS:000208740800009 PM 22736868 ER PT J AU Carta, LK Skantar, AM Handoo, ZA AF Carta, L. K. Skantar, A. M. Handoo, Z. A. TI Molecular rDNA phylogeny of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and evaluation of tail termini SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE character analysis; evolutionary convergence; morphology; nomenclature; phylogeny; stunt nematode; systematics; tail; taxonomy; Tylenchorhynchus AB Three stunt nematode species, Tylenchorhynchus leviterminalis, T. dubius and T. claytoni were characterized with segments of small subunit 18S and large subunit 28S rDNA sequence and placed in molecular phylogenetic context with other polyphyletic taxa of Telotylenchidae. Based upon comparably sized phylogenetic breadth of outgroups and ingroups, the 28S rDNA contained three times the number of phylogenetically informative alignment characters relative to the alignment total compared to the larger 18S dataset even though there were fewer than half the number of taxa represented. Tail shapes and hyaline termini were characterized for taxa within these subfamily trees, and variability discussed for some related species. In 18S trees, similar terminal tail thickness was found in a well-supported clade of three Tylenchorhynchus: broad-tailed T. leviterminalis branched outside relatively narrow-tailed T. claytoni and T. nudus. Terminal tail thickness within Merliniinae, Telotylenchinae and related taxa showed a mosaic distribution. Thick-tailed Trophurus, Macrotrophurus and putative Paratrophurus did not group together in the 18S tree. Extremely thickened tail termini arose at least once in Amplimerlinius and Pratylenchoides among ten species of Merliniinae plus three Pratylenchoides, and three times within twelve taxa of Telotylenchinae and Trophurinae. Conflicting generic and family nomenclature based on characters such as pharyngeal overlap are discussed in light of current molecular phylogeny. Contrary to some expectations from current taxonomy, Telotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus cf. robustus did not cluster with three Tylenchorhynchus spp. Two putative species of Neodolichorhynchus failed to group together, and two populations of Scutylenchus quadrifer demonstrated as much or greater genetic distance between them than among three related species of Merlinius. C1 [Carta, L. K.; Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carta, LK (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 011A,Room 165B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lynn.carta@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 359 EP 369 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V29HZ UT WOS:000208740800011 PM 22736870 ER PT J AU Stumbo, PJ Weiss, R Newman, JW Pennington, JA Tucker, KL Wiesenfeld, PL Illner, AK Klurfeld, DM Kaput, J AF Stumbo, Phyllis J. Weiss, Rick Newman, John W. Pennington, Jean A. Tucker, Katherine L. Wiesenfeld, Paddy L. Illner, Anne-Kathrin Klurfeld, David M. Kaput, Jim TI Web-Enabled and Improved Software Tools and Data Are Needed to Measure Nutrient Intakes and Physical Activity for Personalized Health Research SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; HUMAN METABOLOME; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; FATTY-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; NUTRIGENOMICS; CHALLENGES AB Food intake physical activity (PA) and genetic makeup each affect health and each factor influences the impact of the other 2 factors Nutrigenomics describes interactions between genes and environment Knowledge about the interplay between environment and genetics would be improved if experimental designs included measures of nutrient intake and PA Lack of familiarity about how to analyze environmental variables and ease of access to tools and measurement instruments are 2 deterrents to these combined studies This article describes the state of the art for measuring food intake and PA to encourage researchers to make their tools better known and more available to workers in other fields Information presented was discussed during a workshop on this topic sponsored by the USDA NIH and FDA in the spring of 2009 J Nutr 140 2104-2115 2010 C1 [Stumbo, Phyllis J.] Univ Iowa, Inst Clin & Translat Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Weiss, Rick] Viocare Inc, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Newman, John W.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pennington, Jean A.] NIH, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wiesenfeld, Paddy L.] US FDA, Div Toxicol, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Illner, Anne-Kathrin] German Inst Human Nutr, Dept Epidemiol, D-14558 Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany. [Klurfeld, David M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kaput, Jim] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Personalized Nutr & Med, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Stumbo, PJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Inst Clin & Translat Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research/Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine NIH; USDA FX Supported by FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research/Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine NIH and USDA NR 91 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2104 EP 2115 DI 10.3945/jn.110.128371 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692AG UT WOS:000285123300001 PM 20980656 ER PT J AU Torrazza, RM Suryawan, A Gazzaneo, MC Orellana, RA Frank, JW Nguyen, HV Fiorotto, ML El-Kadi, S Davis, TA AF Torrazza, Roberto Murgas Suryawan, Agus Gazzaneo, Maria C. Orellana, Renan A. Frank, Jason W. Nguyen, Hanh V. Fiorotto, Marta L. El-Kadi, Samer Davis, Teresa A. TI Leucine Supplementation of a Low-Protein Meal Increases Skeletal Muscle and Visceral Tissue Protein Synthesis in Neonatal Pigs by Stimulating mTOR-Dependent Translation Initiation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHAIN AMINO-ACIDS; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; FACTOR ACTIVATION; INSULIN; INFANTS; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Protein synthesis and eukaryotic initiation factor (elF) activation are increased in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs parenterally infused with amino acids Leucine appears to be the most effective single amino acid to trigger these effects To examine the response to enteral leucine supplementation overnight food deprived 5-d-old pigs were gavage fed at 0 and 60 min a 1) low-protein diet (LP) 2) LP supplemented with leucine (LP+L) to equal leucine in the high-protein diet (HP) or 3) HP diet Diets were isocaloric and equal in lactose Fractional protein synthesis rates and translation initiation control mechanisms were examined in skeletal muscles and visceral tissues 90 min after feeding Protein synthesis rates in longissimus dorsi gastrocnemius and masseter muscles heart jejunum kidney and pancreas but not liver were greater in the LP+L group compared with the LP group and did not differ from the HP group Feeding LP+L and HP diets compared with the LP diet increased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 4E-binding protein 1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 and elF4G and formation of the active elF4E elF4G complex in longissimus dorsi muscle In all tissues except liver activation of mTOR effectors increased in pigs fed LP+L and HP vs LP diets Our results suggest that leucine supplementation of a low-protein meal stimulates protein synthesis in muscle and most visceral tissues to a rate similar to that achieved by feeding a high-protein meal and this stimulation involves activation of mTOR downstream effectors J Nutr 140 2145-2152 2010 C1 [Torrazza, Roberto Murgas; Suryawan, Agus; Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Orellana, Renan A.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Fiorotto, Marta L.; El-Kadi, Samer; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Frank, Jason W.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIH [R01 AR44474, KO8 AR051563]; USDA [58-6250-6-001]; Ajinomoto Co Inc FX Supported by Ajinomoto Amino Acid Research Program NIH R01 AR44474 NIH KO8 AR051563 and USDA 58-6250-6-001 This work is a publication of the USDA Agricultural Research Service Children s Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or politics of the USDA nor does the mention of trade names commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U S government; Author disclosures R Murgas Torrazza A Suryawan M C Gazzaneo R A Orellana J W Frank H V Nguyen M L Fiorotto and S El Kadi no conflicts of interest T A Davis received research support from the Ajinomoto Amino Acid Research Program Ajinomoto Co Inc NR 46 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2145 EP 2152 DI 10.3945/jn.110.128421 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692AG UT WOS:000285123300007 ER PT J AU Patterson, JK Yasuda, K Welch, RM Miller, DD Lei, XG AF Patterson, Jannine K. Yasuda, Koji Welch, Ross M. Miller, Dennis D. Lei, Xin Gen TI Supplemental Dietary Inulin of Variable Chain Lengths Alters Intestinal Bacterial Populations in Young Pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN COLON; FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; FECAL DIGESTIBILITY; LARGE-BOWEL; IRON; BIFIDOBACTERIA; ABSORPTION; CALCIUM; FLORA AB Previously we showed that supplementation of diets with short-chain inulin (P95) long-chain inulin (HP) and a 50 50 mixture of both (Synergy 1) improved body iron status and altered expression of the genes involved in iron homeostasis and inflammation in young pigs However the effects of these 3 types of inulin on intestinal bacteria remain unknown Applying terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis we determined the abundances of lumina) and adherent bacterial populations from 6 segments of the small and large intestines of pigs (n = 4 for each group) fed an iron-deficient basal diet (BD) or the BD supplemented with 4% of P95 Synergy 1 or HP for 5 wk Compared with BD all 3 types of inulin enhanced (P < 0 05) the abundance of beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the microbiota adherent to intestinal mucus of various gut segments of pigs These changes were seen as proximal as in the Jejunum with P95 but did not appear until the distal ileum or cecum with HP Similar effects of inulin on bacterial populations in the lumen contents were found Meanwhile all 3 types of inulin suppressed the less desirable bacteria Clostridium spp and members of the Enterobacteriaceae in the lumen and mucosa of various gut segments Our findings suggest that the ability of dietary inulin to alter intestinal bacterial populations may partially account for its iron bioavailability-promoting effect and possibly other health benefits J Nutr 140 2158-2161 2010 C1 [Patterson, Jannine K.; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yasuda, Koji; Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Welch, Ross M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 FU Harvest Plus International Food Policy Research Institute Centro International Agriculture Tropical; USDA (USDA/National Research Initiative) [2006 35200 16583] FX Supported by a grant from Harvest Plus International Food Policy Research Institute Centro International Agriculture Tropical and the USDA (USDA/National Research Initiative grant 2006 35200 16583) NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2158 EP 2161 DI 10.3945/jn.110.130302 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692AG UT WOS:000285123300009 PM 20980641 ER PT J AU Young, MF Griffin, I Pressman, E McIntyre, AW Cooper, E McNanley, T Harris, ZL Westerman, M O'Brien, KO AF Young, Melissa F. Griffin, Ian Pressman, Eva McIntyre, Allison W. Cooper, Elizabeth McNanley, Thomas Harris, Z. Leah Westerman, Mark O'Brien, Kimberly O. TI Utilization of Iron from an Animal-Based Iron Source Is Greater Than That of Ferrous Sulfate in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SERUM HEPCIDIN; NONHEME IRON; HEME-IRON; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; BODY IRON; ABSORPTION; INFANT; MEN; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSPORTER AB Heme iron absorption during pregnancy and the role of hepcidin in regulating dietary heme iron absorption remains largely unexplored The objective of this research was to examine relative differences in heme (animal based) and nonheme (ferrous sulfate) iron utilization This study was undertaken in 18 pregnant (ages 16-32 y wk 32-35 of gestation) and 11 nonpregnant women (ages 18-27 y) Women were randomly assigned to receive both an animal based heme meal (intrinsically labeled Fe-58 pork) and labeled ferrous sulfate (Fe-57) fed on alternate days Blood samples obtained 2 wk postdosing were used to assess iron status indicators and serum hepcidin and iron utilization based on R BC incorporation of iron isotopes Heme iron utilization was significantly greater than nonheme iron utilization in the pregnant 147 7 +/- 144 vs 404 +/- 13 2%) and nonpregnant women (50 1 +/- 148 vs 153 9 +/- 7%) Among pregnant women utilization of nonheme iron was associated with iron status as assessed by the serum transferrin receptor concentration (P = 0 003 r(2) = 0 431 In contrast heme iron utilization was not influenced by maternal iron status In the group as a whole women with undetectable serum hepcidin had greater nonheme iron utilization compared with women with detectable serum hepcidin (P = 0 02 n = 29) however there were no significant differences in heme iron utilization Our study suggests that iron utilization from an animal-based food provides a highly bioavailable source of dietary iron for pregnant and nonpregnant women that is not as sensitive to hepcidin concentrations or iron stores compared with ferrous sulfate J Nutr 140 2162-2166 2010 C1 [Young, Melissa F.; O'Brien, Kimberly O.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Griffin, Ian] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Pressman, Eva; McIntyre, Allison W.; Cooper, Elizabeth; McNanley, Thomas] Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Harris, Z. Leah] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Westerman, Mark] Intrins LifeSci LLC, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU Cornell University Division of Nutritional Sciences [2006 07 160]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Training [T32DK007158]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR 024160] FX Supported by an agreement with Cornell University Division of Nutritional Sciences under 2006 07 160 the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Training Grant under T32DK007158 Intrinsic LifeSciences and grant number UL1 RR 024160 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) The content is solely responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health or National Center for Research Resources NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2162 EP 2166 DI 10.3945/jn.110.127209 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692AG UT WOS:000285123300010 PM 20980658 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Horst, DA Cui, LW Chang, XY Ellis, KJ Hadsell, DL Suryawan, A Kurundkar, A Maheshwari, A Davis, TA Burrin, DG AF Stoll, Barbara Horst, David A. Cui, Liwei Chang, Xiaoyan Ellis, Kenneth J. Hadsell, Darryl L. Suryawan, Agus Kurundkar, Ashish Maheshwari, Akhil Davis, Teresa A. Burrin, Douglas G. TI Chronic Parenteral Nutrition Induces Hepatic Inflammation, Steatosis, and Insulin Resistance in Neonatal Pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SHORT-BOWEL SYNDROME; NF-KAPPA-B; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH; INFANTS; PIGLETS; RISK; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HOMEOSTASIS AB Prematurity and overfeeding in infants are associated with insulin resistance in childhood and may increase the risk of adult disease Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a major source of infant nutritional support and may influence neonatal metabolic function Our aim was to test the hypothesis that TPN induces increased adiposity and insulin resistance compared with enteral nutrition (EN) in neonatal pigs Neonatal pigs were either fed enteral formula orally or I v administered a TPN mixture for 17 d macronutrient intake was similar in both groups During the 17-d period we measured body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning fasting i v glucose tolerance tests (IVG-11) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (CLAMP) were performed to quantify insulin resistance On d 17 tissue was collected after 1-h low-dose CLAMP for tissue insulin signaling assays TPN pigs gained less lean and more body fat and developed hepatic steatosis compared with EN pigs After 7 and 13 d IVGTT showed evidence of insulin resistance in the TPN compared with the EN group Fasting plasma glucose and insulin also were higher in TPN pigs CLAMP showed that insulin sensitivity was markedly lower in TPN pigs than in EN pigs TPN also reduced the abundance of the insulin receptor insulin receptor substrate 1 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase in skeletal muscle and liver and the proliferation of total pancreatic cells and beta-cells Hepatic proinflammatory genes as well as c-Jun-N terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation plasma interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-a were all higher in TPN pigs than in EN pigs The results demonstrate that chronic TPN induces a hepatic inflammatory response that is associated with significant insulin resistance hepatic steatosis and fat deposition compared with EN in neonatal pigs Further studies are warranted to establish the mechanism of TPN-induced insulin resistance and hepatic metabolic dysfunction and whether there are persistent metabolic consequences of this lifesaving form of infant nutritional support J Nutr 140 2193-2200 2010 C1 [Stoll, Barbara; Cui, Liwei; Chang, Xiaoyan; Ellis, Kenneth J.; Hadsell, Darryl L.; Suryawan, Agus; Davis, Teresa A.; Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Horst, David A.] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kurundkar, Ashish; Maheshwari, Akhil] Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Kurundkar, Ashish; Maheshwari, Akhil] Univ Alabama, Dept Cell Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Kurundkar, Ashish; Maheshwari, Akhil] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Stoll, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU USDA [58-6250-6-001]; Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH) [P30 DK-56338]; NIH [K12HD043397, RHD059142] FX Supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no 58-6250-6-001 (to D) Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH grant no P30 DK-56338 to D B) and NIH grants K12HD043397 and RHD059142 (to AM) NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2193 EP 2200 DI 10.3945/jn.110.125799 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692AG UT WOS:000285123300015 PM 20980637 ER PT J AU Grune, T Lietz, G Palou, A Ross, AC Stahl, W Tang, GW Thurnham, D Yin, SA Biesalski, HK AF Grune, Tilman Lietz, Georg Palou, Andreu Ross, A. Catharine Stahl, Wilhelm Tang, Guangweng Thurnham, David Yin, Shi-an Biesalski, Hans K. TI beta-Carotene Is an Important Vitamin A Source for Human SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD; FOOD-CONSUMPTION SURVEY; RICH LIPOPROTEIN FRACTION; UNION-OF-PHARMACOLOGY; RETINOIC ACID; ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; HUMAN-SKIN; ALL-TRANS; 9-CIS-RETINOIC ACID AB Experts in the field of carotenoids met at the Hohenheim consensus conference in July 2009 to elucidate the current status of beta-carotene research and to summarize the current knowledge with respect to the chemical properties physiological function and intake of beta-carotene The experts discussed 17 questions and reached an agreement formulated in a consensus answer in each case These consensus answers are based on published valid data which were carefully reviewed by the individual experts and are justified here by background statements Ascertaining the impact of beta-carotene on the total dietary intake of vitamin A is complicated because the efficiency of conversion of beta carotene to retinol is not a single ratio and different conversion factors have been used in various surveys and following governmental recommendations within different countries However a role of beta-carotene in fulfilling the recommended intake for vitamin A is apparent from a variety of studies Thus besides elucidating the various functions distribution and uptake of beta-carotene the consensus conference placed special emphasis on the provitamin A function of beta carotene and the role of beta-carotene in the realization of the required/recommended total vitamin A intake in both developed and developing countries There was consensus that beta carotene is a safe source of vitamin A and that the provitamin A function of beta-carotene contributes to vitamin A intake J Nutr 140 2268S-2285S 2010 C1 [Grune, Tilman; Biesalski, Hans K.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Yin, Shi-an] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Lietz, Georg] Newcastle Univ, Sch Agr Food & Rural Dev, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Palou, Andreu] Univ Balearic Isl, Palma De Mallorca 07112, Spain. [Palou, Andreu] CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Palma De Mallorca 07112, Spain. [Ross, A. Catharine] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stahl, Wilhelm] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol 1, D-40001 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Tang, Guangweng] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Thurnham, David] Univ Ulster, No Ireland Ctr Food & Hlth, Coleraine BT51 4LA, Londonderry, North Ireland. RP Biesalski, HK (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Lietz, Georg/A-4084-2012; Palou, Andreu/K-9881-2014 OI Palou, Andreu/0000-0002-0295-4452 FU DSM Nutritional Products Ltd Basel Switzerland FX Published in a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition Presented at the Hohenheim Consensus Conference Beta Carotene as an Important Vitamin A Source for Humans held in Stuttgart Hohenheim Germany July 11 2009 The conference was organized by the Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition University of Hohenheim Stuttgart and was cosponsored by DSM Nutritional Products Ltd Basel Switzerland The supplement contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of DSM Nutritional Products Ltd The supplement coordinators for this supplement are Hans Konrad Biesalski and Jana Tinz Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition University of Hohenheim Supplement Coordinator disclosures Hans Biesalski and Jana Tinz declare no conflicts of interest Supplement Guest Editor disclosure Jesse Gregory declares no conflict of interest Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges This publication must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the publisher editor or editorial board of The Journal of Nutrition; The meeting was supported by DSM Switzerland DSM employees had no access to the questions and were not involved in either the consensus meeting or the formulation of the final text NR 158 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2268S EP 2285S DI 10.3945/jn.109.119024 PG 18 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692AG UT WOS:000285123300026 PM 20980645 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Qiao, N Maras, JE AF Tucker, Katherine L. Qiao, Ning Maras, Janice E. TI Simulation with Soy Replacement Showed That Increased Soy Intake Could Contribute to Improved Nutrient Intake Profiles in the US Population SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Soy Summit Exploration of the Nutrition and Health Effects of Whole Soy CY SEP 21-22, 2009 CL Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr ID BREAST-CANCER; ISOFLAVONES; CALCIUM; WOMEN; MILK; PROTEIN; SOYMILK; FOODS; RISK C1 [Tucker, Katherine L.; Maras, Janice E.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Qiao, Ning] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2296S EP 2301S DI 10.3945/jn.110.123901 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692AG UT WOS:000285123300029 PM 20980640 ER PT J AU Al-Kappany, YM Rajendran, C Abu-Elwafa, SA Hilali, M Su, C Dubey, JP AF Al-Kappany, Y. M. Rajendran, C. Abu-Elwafa, S. A. Hilali, M. Su, C. Dubey, J. P. TI GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII ISOLATES IN EGYPTIAN FERAL CATS REVEALS NEW GENOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PREVALENCE; BRAZIL; DOGS; CHICKENS; AMERICA; CHINA AB Cats are important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii because they are the only hosts that excrete environmentally resistant oocysts in feces. In the present study, 115 viable T. gondii isolates from tissues of cats from Egypt were genotyped using 10 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK I, and Apico) and DNA from tachyzoites. Seven genotypes were recognized including the clonal Type II, Type III (2 genotypes), and 4 atypical genotypes. Ninety percent (103 of 115) of isolates were clonal, i.e., Type II (n = 61) and Type III (n = 42) strains. Of the 61 Type 11 strains, all had the Type IT alleles at all loci, except for 2 strains that had allele I at Apico. Eight isolates were divided into 4 atypical genotypes. One of these genotypes (with 4 isolates) was previously reported in dogs from Sri Lanka and in sand cats from the United Arab Emirates. Four isolates had mixed infections. These results revealed a strong clonal population structure with the dominance of clonal Type II and III lineages of T gondii in feral cats from Egypt. C1 [Al-Kappany, Y. M.; Rajendran, C.; Abu-Elwafa, S. A.; Hilali, M.; Su, C.; Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013; Hilali, Mosaad/O-9443-2016; OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108; A. Hilali, Mosaad/0000-0002-9930-8501 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1112 EP 1114 DI 10.1645/GE-2608.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 697RF UT WOS:000285532700013 PM 21158618 ER PT J AU Al-Kappany, YM Rajendran, C Ferreira, LR Kwok, OCH Abu-Elwafa, SA Hilali, M Dubey, JP AF Al-Kappany, Y. M. Rajendran, C. Ferreira, L. R. Kwok, O. C. H. Abu-Elwafa, S. A. Hilali, M. Dubey, J. P. TI HIGH PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN CATS FROM EGYPT: ISOLATION OF VIABLE TOXOPLASMA GONDII, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, AND ISOLATE DESIGNATION SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROPREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; CYSTS AB Cats are important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii because they are the only hosts that excrete environmentally resistant oocysts in feces. In the present study, 158 feral cats from Giza, Egypt, were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii were found in 97.4% with the modified agglutination test. Viable T gondii was isolated from tissues (brain, heart, tongue) of 115 of 137 cats by bioassay in mice. These isolates were designated TgCatEg 1-115; none of these isolates was virulent to out-bred Swiss Webster mice. Of the 112 seropositive cats whose tissues were bioassayed individually, T. gondii was isolated from the hearts of 83 (74.1%), tongues of 53 (47.3%), and brains of 36 (32.1%). Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were not detected in rectal contents of any of the 158 cats, probably related to high seropositivity (chronic infection) of cats surveyed. The high prevalence of T. gondii in feral cats in Egypt reported here indicates a high environmental contamination with oocysts. C1 [Al-Kappany, Y. M.; Rajendran, C.; Ferreira, L. R.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Abu-Elwafa, S. A.; Hilali, M.; Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Al-Kappany, YM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Hilali, Mosaad/O-9443-2016; OI A. Hilali, Mosaad/0000-0002-9930-8501 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1118 DI 10.1645/GE-2554.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 697RF UT WOS:000285532700014 PM 21158619 ER PT J AU Solorio, MR Gennari, SM Soares, HS Dubey, JP Hartley, ACZ Ferreira, F AF Solorio, Monica Romero Gennari, Solange M. Soares, Herbert S. Dubey, J. P. Zuniga Hartley, Alfonso Christopher Ferreira, Fernando TI Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Wild White-Lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari) From Peru SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In the Peruvian Amazon, the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecan) is a desirable game species and is important for the local rural economy. Blood samples from 101 white-lipped peccaries from Peru were collected from 3 different conservation areas located in the municipalities of Manu and Tambopata, southeastern region of the Peruvian Amazon. Antibodies were assayed using the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut of value of 25). Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found in 89.1% (90 of 101) of animals, with titers of 1:25 in 9, 1:50 in 25, 1:100 in 20, 1:200 in 14, 1:400 in 12, 1:800 in 9, and 1:3,200 in 1; 87.7% and 89.2% of males and females, respectively, tested positively, and no association (P >= 0.05) with gender and occurrence of antibodies was observed. C1 [Solorio, Monica Romero; Soares, Herbert S.; Ferreira, Fernando] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zuniga Hartley, Alfonso Christopher] Proyecto Areas Amazonia WWF Peru, Lima, Peru. RP Gennari, SM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Av Prof Orlando M de Paiva,87 Cidade Univ, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM sgennari@usp.br RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Ferreira, Fernando/C-9038-2013; OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Ferreira, Fernando/0000-0002-9160-7355; Zuniga Hartley, Alfonso Christopher/0000-0002-3302-1268 FU IDEA WILD; CNPq; FAPESP FX This research was supported in part by IDEA WILD. S. M. Gennari and F. Ferreira are in receipt of a fellowship from CNPq, and M. R. Solorio is in receipt of a fellowship from FAPESP. We would like to thank the Areas-Amazonia staff (WWF-Peru), especially George Powell, Paloma Alcazar, and Karim Ledesma, for their assistance, and Jhonatan Vicente Coshante and Ethan Householder for their help with the sample collection. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1232 EP 1232 DI 10.1645/GE-2583.1 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 697RF UT WOS:000285532700036 PM 21158643 ER PT J AU Jensen, CL Voigt, RG Llorente, AM Peters, SU Prager, TC Zou, YLL Rozelle, JC Turcich, MR Fraley, JK Anderson, RE Heird, WC AF Jensen, Craig L. Voigt, Robert G. Llorente, Antolin M. Peters, Sarika U. Prager, Thomas C. Zou, Yali L. Rozelle, Judith C. Turcich, Marie R. Fraley, J. Kennard Anderson, Robert E. Heird, William C. TI Effects of Early Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake on Neuropsychological Status and Visual Acuity at Five Years of Age of Breast-Fed Term Infants SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; HUMAN-MILK; COGNITIVE DECLINE; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; IRON-DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; LACTATION AB Objective We previously reported better psychomotor development at 30 months of age in infants whose mothers received a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3) supplement for the first 4 months of lactation. We now assess neuropsychological and visual function of the same children at 5 years of age. Study design Breastfeeding women were assigned to receive identical capsules containing either a high-DHA algal oil (similar to 200 mg/d of DHA) or a vegetable oil (containing no DHA) from delivery until 4 months postpartum. Primary outcome variables at 5 years of age were measures of gross and fine motor function, perceptual/visual-motor function, attention, executive function, verbal skills, and visual function of the recipient children at 5 years of age. Results There were no differences in visual function as assessed by the Bailey-Lovie acuity chart, transient visual evoked potential or sweep visual evoked potential testing between children whose mothers received DHA versus placebo. Children whose mothers received DHA versus placebo performed significantly better on the Sustained Attention Subscale of the Leiter International Performance Scale (46.5 +/- 8.9 vs 41.9 +/- 9.3, P < .008) but there were no statistically significant differences between groups on other neuropsychological domains. Conclusions Five-year-old children whose mothers received modest DHA supplementation versus placebo for the first 4 months of breastfeeding performed better on a test of sustained attention. This, along with the previously reported better performance of the children of DHA-supplemented mothers on a test of psychomotor development at 30 months of age, suggests that DHA intake during early infancy confers long-term benefits on specific aspects of neurodevelopment. (J Pediatr 2010;157:900-5). C1 [Jensen, Craig L.; Peters, Sarika U.; Rozelle, Judith C.; Turcich, Marie R.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Meyer Ctr Dev Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jensen, Craig L.; Fraley, J. Kennard; Heird, William C.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. [Prager, Thomas C.; Zou, Yali L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Voigt, Robert G.] Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Llorente, Antolin M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Anderson, Robert E.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dean A McGee Eye Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Jensen, CL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Meyer Ctr Dev Pediat, CCC 1010-00,6621 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM cljensen@texaschildrens.org FU Martek Biosciences Corp., (Columbia, MD); U.S. Department of Agriculture/National Research Initiative [9700693] FX Supported by grants from Martek Biosciences Corp., (Columbia, MD) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/National Research Initiative (9700693). Martek Biosciences markets a DHA supplement similar to that used in the study. This sponsor had no role in (1) study design; (2) the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; (3) the writing of the report; and (4) the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 48 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 21 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 6 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.06.006 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 681JG UT WOS:000284307200009 PM 20655543 ER PT J AU Kopajtic, TA Liu, Y Surratt, CK Donovan, DM Newman, AH Katz, JL AF Kopajtic, Theresa A. Liu, Yi Surratt, Christopher K. Donovan, David M. Newman, Amy H. Katz, Jonathan L. TI Dopamine Transporter-Dependent and -Independent Striatal Binding of the Benztropine Analog JHW 007, a Cocaine Antagonist with Low Abuse Liability SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID UPTAKE INHIBITORS COCAINE; GUINEA-PIG; HISTAMINE H1-RECEPTORS; RECOGNITION SITES; BRAIN MEMBRANES; RAT; RECEPTORS; IDENTIFICATION; CONFORMATION; MAZINDOL AB The benztropine analog N-(n-butyl)-3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-tropane (JHW 007) displays high affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT), but unlike typical DAT ligands, has relatively low abuse liability and blocks the effects of cocaine, including its self-administration. To determine sites responsible for the cocaine antagonist effects of JHW 007, its in vitro binding was compared with that of methyl (1R,2S,3S,5S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate (WIN 35428) in rats, mice, and human DAT (hDAT)-transfected cells. A one-site model, with K(d) values of 4.21 (rat) and 8.99 nM (mouse) best fit the [(3)H]WIN 35428 data. [3H] JHW 007 binding best fit a two-site model (rat, 7.40/4400 nM; mouse, 8.18/2750 nM), although a one-site fit was observed with hDAT membranes (43.7 nM). Drugs selective for the norepinephrine and serotonin transporters had relatively low affinity in competition with [(3)H]JHW 007 binding, as did drugs selective for other sites identified previously as potential JHW 007 binding sites. The association of [(3)H]WIN 35428 best fit a one-phase model, whereas the association of [(3)H]JHW 007 best fit a two-phase model in all tissues. Because cocaine antagonist effects of JHW 007 have been observed previously soon after injection, its rapid association observed here may contribute to those effects. Multiple [(3)H]JHW 007 binding sites were obtained in tissue from mice lacking the DAT, suggesting these as yet unidentified sites as potential contributors to the cocaine antagonist effects of JHW 007. Unlike WIN 35428, the binding of JHW 007 was Na(+)-independent. This feature of JHW 007 has been linked to the conformational status of the DAT, which in turn may contribute to the antagonism of cocaine. C1 [Katz, Jonathan L.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Psychobiol Sect, Medicat Discovery Res Branch, Intramural Res Program,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Newman, Amy H.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Med Chem Sect, Medicat Discovery Res Branch, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Liu, Yi; Surratt, Christopher K.] Duquesne Univ, Mylan Sch Pharm, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Donovan, David M.] USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Katz, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Psychobiol Sect, Medicat Discovery Res Branch, Intramural Res Program,NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd,Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM jkatz@intra.nida.nih.gov OI Katz, Jonathan/0000-0002-1068-1159 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 335 IS 3 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1124/jpet.110.171629 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 681JS UT WOS:000284308800021 PM 20855444 ER PT J AU Barghini, A Ivanova, VI Imam, SH Chiellini, E AF Barghini, Arianna Ivanova, Vassilka I. Imam, Syed H. Chiellini, Emo TI Poly-(epsilon-Caprolactone) (PCL) and Poly(Hydroxy-Butyrate) (PHB) Blends Containing Seaweed Fibers: Morphology and Thermal-Mechanical Properties SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE blends; composites; DSC; fibers; fillers ID COMPOSITES; BIODEGRADABILITY; POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE); NANOCOMPOSITES; DEGRADATION; POLYMER AB Massive quantities of marine seaweed, Ulva armoricana are washed onto shores of many European countries and accumulates as waste. Attempts were made to utilize this renewable resource in hybrid composites by blending the algal biomass with biodegradable polymers such as poly(hydroxybutyrate) and poly-(epsilon-caprolactone). Compression-molded films were developed and examined for their morphological, thermal and mechanical property. The Ulva fibers were well dispersed throughout the continous matrix exhibiting considerable cohesion with both polymers. Occasionally, regions with exposed fibres or aggregates were visible. About 50% algal content seemed to be an ideal concentration, thereafter, thermal stability was impacted. A progressive decrease in melting heat (Delta H(m)) was observed with increased algal content as well as a decrease in the crystallinity of the polymer matrix due to the presence of the organic filler. The addition of algal fibres improved the Young modulus of the blends, creating a concomitant loss in percent elongation (El) and ultimate tensile strength. Fiber content above 40% impacted tensile property negatively and composites with over 70% fiber contents composites were too fragile. Data suggest that macro algae are compatible with both polymers and processable as fillers in hybrid blends. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 5282-5288, 2010 C1 [Barghini, Arianna; Ivanova, Vassilka I.; Chiellini, Emo] Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Barghini, Arianna; Ivanova, Vassilka I.; Chiellini, Emo] BIOLAB, Pisa, Italy. [Imam, Syed H.] WRRC ARS USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chiellini, E (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. EM emochie@dcci.unipi.it FU European Project BIOPAL [QLK5-CT-2002-02431] FX The EC contribution from the European Project BIOPAL (QLK5-CT-2002-02431) titled "Quality of Life focused on: Algae as raw material for production of bio-plastics and biocomposites contributing to sustainable development of European coastal regions" is gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 23 BP 5282 EP 5288 DI 10.1002/pola.24327 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 680IL UT WOS:000284225500002 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Fox, MK Briefel, RR Siega-Riz, AM Dwyer, JT Deming, DM Reidy, KC AF Butte, Nancy F. Fox, Mary Kay Briefel, Ronette R. Siega-Riz, Anna Maria Dwyer, Johanna T. Deming, Denise M. Reidy, Kathleen C. TI Nutrient Intakes of US Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers Meet or Exceed Dietary Reference Intakes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FEEDING INFANTS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; VITAMIN; TOCOPHEROL; NUTRITION; GROWTH; ENERGY; FIBER; MILK AB Objectives To assess the usual nutrient intakes of 3,273 US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, aged 0 to 47 months, surveyed in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008, and to compare data on the usual nutrient intakes for the two waves of FITS conducted in 2002 and 2008 Design The FITS 2008 is a cross-sectional survey of a national random sample of US children from birth through age 47 months Usual nutrient intakes derived from foods, beverages, and supplements were ascertained using a telephone-administered, multiple-pass 24 hour dietary recall Subjects Infants aged birth to 5 months (n=382) and 6 to 11 months (n=505), toddlers aged 12 to 23 months (n=925), and preschoolers aged 24 to 47 months (n=1,461) were surveyed Methods All primary caregivers completed one 24-hour dietary recall and a random subsample (n=701) completed a second 24 hour dietary recall The personal computer version of the Software for Intake Distribution Estimation was used to estimate the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles, as well as the proportions below and above cutoff values defined by the Dietary Reference Intakes or the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Results Usual nutrient intakes met or exceeded energy and protein requirements with minimal risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies The usual intakes of antioxidants, B vitamins, bone-related nutrients, and other micronutrients were adequate relative to the Adequate In takes or Estimated Average Requirements, except for iron and zinc in a small subset of older infants, and vitamin E and potassium in toddlers and preschoolers Intakes of synthetic folate, preformed vitamin A, zinc, and sodium exceeded Tolerable Upper Intake Level in a significant proportion of toddlers and preschoolers Macronutrient distributions were within acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, except for dietary fat, in some toddlers and preschoolers Dietary fiber was low m the vast majority of toddlers and preschoolers, and saturated fat intakes exceeded recommendations for the majority of preschoolers The prevalence of inadequate intakes, excessive intake, and intakes outside the acceptable macronutrient distribution range was similar in FITS 2002 and FITS 2008 Conclusions In FITS 2008, usual nutrient intakes were adequate for the majority of US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, except for a small but important number of infants at risk for inadequate iron and zinc intakes Diet quality should be improved in the transition from infancy to early childhood, particularly with respect to healthier fats and fiber in the diets of toddlers and preschoolers J Am Diet Assoc 2010,110S27 S37 C1 [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Fox, Mary Kay] Math Policy Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Briefel, Ronette R.] Math Policy Res, Washington, DC USA. [Siega-Riz, Anna Maria] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Siega-Riz, Anna Maria] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Deming, Denise M.; Reidy, Kathleen C.] Nestle Infant Nutr, Global Meals & Drinks, Florham Pk, NJ USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Nestle (Florham Park, NJ) through Mathematica Policy Research, Inc; Mathematica Policy Research, Cambridge, MA FX The research project was funded by Nestle (Florham Park, NJ) (authors D M D and K C R) through a contract with Mathematica Policy Research, Inc (Princeton, NJ) for the data collection, analysis, interpretation of results, and manuscript preparation (authors M K.F and RRB) NF Butte, AM Siega-Riz, and J T Dwyer were members of the advisory panel for the study design, analysis, and interpretation of results and received consultant fees m this capacity The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or recommendations of their respective affiliations; The authors thank Judith Cannon and Melissa Clark (Mathematica Policy Re search, Princeton, NJ) and Ander Wilson and Elizabeth Condon (Mathematica Policy Research, Cambridge, MA) for analytic and programming support NR 38 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 110 IS 12 SU 3 BP S27 EP S37 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.004 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 689HJ UT WOS:000284918400005 PM 21092766 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Butte, NF Deming, DM Siega-Riz, AM Reidy, KC AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Butte, Nancy F. Deming, Denise M. Siega-Riz, Anna Maria Reidy, Kathleen C. TI Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008: Progress, Continuing Concerns, and Implications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SOLID FOODS; US CHILDREN; RIGHT PATH; INTERVENTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PRESCHOOLERS; ASSOCIATION; EXPERIENCES; PATTERNS AB The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Survey (FITS) 2008 reveals both progress and some continuing concerns about feeding American infants and toddlers in the 21st century (1) This summary integrates these findings and suggests possible implications for re-evaluating or clarifying dietary recommendations C1 [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Deming, Denise M.; Reidy, Kathleen C.] Nestle Infant Nutr, Global Meals & Drinks, Florham Pk, NJ USA. [Siega-Riz, Anna Maria] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Box 783,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Nestle (Florham Park, NJ) through Mathematica Policy Research, Inc FX This research project was funded by Nestle (Florham Park, NJ) (authors D M D and K C R) through a con tract with Mathematica Policy Research, Inc (Pnnceton, NJ), for the data collection and analysis J T Dwyer, N F Butte, and A M Siega Riz were members of the advisory panel for the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008 study design, analysis, and interpretation of results and received consultant fees in this capacity The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or recommendations of their respective affiliations NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 110 IS 12 SU 3 BP S60 EP S67 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.003 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 689HJ UT WOS:000284918400008 PM 21092770 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Hoffmann, WC Farooq, M Walker, T Bonds, J AF Fritz, Bradley K. Hoffmann, W. Clint Farooq, Muhammad Walker, Todd Bonds, Jane TI FILTRATION EFFECTS DUE TO BIOASSAY CAGE DESIGN AND SCREEN TYPE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bioassay cages; spray flux; spray filtration ID COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; MOSQUITO BIOASSAY; ULV MALATHION; DROPLET SIZE; AIR-FLOW; PENETRATION; SAMPLERS; AEROSOLS AB The use of bioassay cages in the efficacy assessment of pesticides, application techniques, and technologies is common practice using numerous cage designs, which vary in both shape and size as well as type of mesh. The objective of this work was to examine various cage shapes and mesh types for their filtration effects on air speed, spray droplet size, and spray volume. Reductions in wind speed and droplet size seen inside the cages were measured by placing cages in a low-speed wind tunnel at air speeds of 0.5 m/sec, 1 m/sec, 2 m/sec, and 4 m/sec and cage face orientations (relative to the air stream) of 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 22.5 degrees, and 45 degrees. Reduction in spray volume inside a select number of cages was also evaluated under similar conditions. Generally, greater air speed reductions were seen at lower external air speeds with overall reductions ranging from 30% to 88%, depending on cage type and tunnel air speed. Cages constructed with screens of lower porosities and smaller cylindrical-shaped cages tended to provide greater resistance to air flow and spray volume. Overall, spray droplet size inside the cages was minimally reduced by 0-10%. There was a 32-100% reduction in concentration of the spray volume applied relative to that recovered inside the bioassay cages, depending on the cage geometry and screening material used. In general, concentration reductions were greatest at lower air speeds and for cages with lower porosity screens. As a result of this work, field researchers involved in assessing the efficacy of vector control applications will have a better understanding of the air speed and spray volume entering insect bioassay cages, relative to the amount applied, resulting in better recommended application techniques and dosage levels. C1 [Fritz, Bradley K.; Hoffmann, W. Clint] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Farooq, Muhammad; Walker, Todd] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Bonds, Jane] Florida A&M Univ, Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. FU Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.2987/10-6031.1 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 697QI UT WOS:000285529800007 PM 21290937 ER PT J AU Farooq, M Walker, TW Heintschel, BP Hoffmann, WC Fritz, BK Smith, VL Robinson, CA English, T AF Farooq, Muhammad Walker, Todd W. Heintschel, Bryan P. Hoffmann, Wesley C. Fritz, Bradley K. Smith, Vincent L. Robinson, Cathy A. English, Trey TI IMPACT OF ELECTROSTATIC AND CONVENTIONAL SPRAYERS CHARACTERISTICS ON DISPERSION OF BARRIER SPRAY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Charge-mass ratio; evaluation; barrier sprays; residual spray; mosquito control ID MOSQUITO-CONTROL; CROSS-FLOW AB A study was conducted to analyze the performance of 3 electrostatic (Electrolon BP2.5 (TM), Spectrum Electrostatic 4010, and Spectrum Electrostatic head on a Stihl 420) and 2 conventional (Buffalo Turbine CSM2 and Stihl 420) sprayers for barrier sprays to suppress an adult mosquito population in an enclosed area. Sprayer characteristics such as charge-mass ratio, air velocity, flow rate, and droplet spectra were measured while spraying water. Dispersion of the spray cloud from these sprayers was determined using coverage on water-sensitive cards at various heights (0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m, and 3.0 m) and depths (I m, 3 m, and 5 m) into the under-forest vegetation while spraying bifenthrin (Talstar (TM) 7.9% AI; FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA) at the rate of 21.8 ml/300 m of treated row. The charge-mass ratio data show that Electrostatic head on a Stihl 420 did not impart enough charge to the droplets to be considered as an electrostatic sprayer. In general, the charged spray cloud moved down toward the ground. The Electrolon BP 2.5 had significantly lower spray coverage on cards, indicating lack of spray dispersion. This sprayer had the lowest air velocity and did not have the air capacity needed to deliver droplets close to the target for electrostatic force to affect deposition. The analysis shows that these 2 sprayers are not a suitable choice for barrier sprays on vegetation. The results indicate that the Buffalo Turbine is suitable for barriers wider than 3 m, and the Spectrum 4010 and Stihl 420 are suitable for 1-3-m-wide barriers. C1 [Farooq, Muhammad; Walker, Todd W.; Heintschel, Bryan P.; Smith, Vincent L.; Robinson, Cathy A.] USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Hoffmann, Wesley C.; Fritz, Bradley K.] ARS, USDA, Area Wide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [English, Trey] Adapco, Sanford, FL 32771 USA. RP Farooq, M (reprint author), USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). We thank Eric Paulsen of CMAVE Gainesville for fabrication of the test bench. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.2987/09-5891.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 697QI UT WOS:000285529800008 PM 21290938 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Dohm, DJ Geden, CJ Hogsette, JA Linthicum, KJ AF Turell, Michael J. Dohm, David J. Geden, Christopher J. Hogsette, Jerome A. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI POTENTIAL FOR STABLE FLIES AND HOUSE FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) TO TRANSMIT RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE RVF; vector; mechanical transmission; North America; emerging disease potential ID NORTH-AMERICAN MOSQUITOS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; SAUDI-ARABIA; CULEX-ZOMBAENSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; EPIDEMIC; CULICIDAE; EGYPT AB Rift Valley fever (RVF), a disease of ruminants and humans, has been responsible for large outbreaks in Africa that have resulted in hundreds of thousands of human infections and major economic disruption due to loss of livestock and to trade restrictions. As indicated by the rapid spread of West Nile viral activity across North America since its discovery in 1999 and the rapid and widespread movement of chikungunya virus from Africa throughout the Indian Ocean Islands to Asia and Europe, an introduced exotic arbovirus can be rapidly and widely established across wide geographical regions. Although RVF virus (RVFV) is normally transmitted by mosquitoes, we wanted to determine the potential for this virus to replicate in 2 of the most globally distributed and common higher flies: house flies, Musca domestica, and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans. Neither species supported the replication of RVFV, even after intrathoracic inoculation. However, S. calcitrans was able to mechanically transmit RVFV to susceptible hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) after probing on infected hamsters with high viral titers. Therefore, S. calcitrans, because of its close association with domestic animals that serve as amplifying hosts of RVFV, should be considered a possible mechanical vector of RVFV, and it may contribute to the rapid spread of a RVF outbreak. Other Stomoxys species present in Africa and elsewhere may also play similar roles. C1 [Turell, Michael J.; Dohm, David J.] USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Geden, Christopher J.; Hogsette, Jerome A.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. FU US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX The work was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.2987/10-6070.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 697QI UT WOS:000285529800013 PM 21290943 ER PT J AU Fox, CS Gona, P Larson, MG Selhub, J Tofler, G Hwang, SJ Meigs, JB Levy, D Wang, TJ Jacques, PF Benjamin, EJ Vasan, RS AF Fox, Caroline S. Gona, Philimon Larson, Martin G. Selhub, Jacob Tofler, Geoffrey Hwang, Shih-Jen Meigs, James B. Levy, Daniel Wang, Thomas J. Jacques, Paul F. Benjamin, Emelia J. Vasan, Ramachandran S. TI A Multi-Marker Approach to Predict Incident CKD and Microalbuminuria SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SERUM CYSTATIN-C; CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES; RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY; VULNERABLE PATIENT; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS AB Traditional risk factors do not adequately identify individuals at risk for CKD. We related a multi-marker panel consisting of the following seven circulating biomarkers to the incidence of CKD and microalbuminuria (MA) in 2345 participants who attended the sixth Framingham Offspring Study examination (1995 to 1998): C-reactive protein, aldosterone, renin, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1, fibrinogen, and homocysteine. We defined CKD at follow-up (2005 to 2008) as estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2); we defined MA as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 25 (women) or 17 (men) mg/g on spot urine samples. We identified a parsimonious set of markers related to outcomes adjusting for standard risk factors and baseline renal function, and we assessed their incremental predictive utility. During a mean 9.5-year follow-up, 213 participants developed CKD and 186 developed MA. In multivariable logistic regression models, the multi-marker panel was associated with incident CKD (P < 0.001) and MA (P = 0.003). Serum homocysteine and aldosterone both were significantly associated with CKD incidence, and log-transformed aldosterone, BNP, and homocysteine were significantly associated with incident MA. Biomarkers improved risk prediction as measured by improvements in the c-statistics for both CKD and MA and by a 7% increase in net risk reclassification. In conclusion, circulating homocysteine, aldosterone, and BNP provide incremental information regarding risk for incident CKD and MA beyond traditional risk factors. C1 [Fox, Caroline S.; Gona, Philimon; Larson, Martin G.; Hwang, Shih-Jen; Levy, Daniel; Benjamin, Emelia J.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.; Hwang, Shih-Jen; Levy, Daniel] NHLBI, Ctr Populat Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Selhub, Jacob; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tofler, Geoffrey] Univ Sydney, Royal N Shore Hosp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Wang, Thomas J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Benjamin, Emelia J.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol & Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Fox, CS (reprint author), NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave,Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov OI Larson, Martin/0000-0002-9631-1254; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336 FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study [N01-HC-25195, 2-K24-HL04334, R01-HL-077477, R01-DK-080739, 1R01 AG028321] FX This study was supported by National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (N01-HC-25195) Grants 2-K24-HL04334, R01-HL-077477, R01-DK-080739, and 1R01 AG028321. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2143 EP 2149 DI 10.1681/ASN.2010010085 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 697RJ UT WOS:000285533300020 PM 20966127 ER PT J AU Cruise, JF Laymon, CA Al-Hamdan, OZ AF Cruise, James F. Laymon, Charles A. Al-Hamdan, Osama Z. TI Impact of 20 Years of Land-Cover Change on the Hydrology of Streams in the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hydrology; land-cover change; streamflow; flood frequency; inundation ID ANNUAL WATER YIELD; TRENDS; VEGETATION; CATCHMENT AB Land-cover changes for portions of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee were estimated for the years 1980, 1990, and 2000 using classified Landsat images, and associated with hydrologic indices for 12 watersheds in the region. Rainfall-adjusted mean annual streamflow, an ET proxy (precipitation minus runoff), frequency of inundation above thresholds, and duration of inundation were used to characterize the hydrologic response of the test basins over the two-decade study period. Results indicate that several of the watersheds had undergone significant (> 20%) reductions in agricultural land cover with a coincident increase in forested land. Attempts to correlate the hydrologic results with the land-cover changes were only partially successful. Watersheds with the largest land conversion from agriculture to forest (20% or more) did show significant trends in hydrologic indices indicating decreasing streamflow; however, other basins evidenced ambiguous results. The net conclusions of the study are that land-cover effects on hydrologic variables may be nuanced and can sometimes be only indirectly evident, and that a rigorous and detailed land-cover classification effort along with a battery of statistical tests with the same objective may be necessary to uncover these effects. C1 [Cruise, James F.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Laymon, Charles A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Al-Hamdan, Osama Z.] USDA ARS NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Cruise, JF (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM cruise@cee.uah.edu RI Al-Hamdan, Osama/C-6530-2012 FU U.S. Department of Transportation FX This project was supported through a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation: Applications of Remote Sensing and Related Spatial Technologies to Environmental Assessments in Transportation. The assistance of the project manager, Dr. Roger King of Mississippi State University and the USDOT Program Director, Dr. K. Thirumalai is gratefully acknowledged. The very helpful comments of the Associate Editor and three anonymous referees are also acknowledged. The inclusion of the ET proxy was at the suggestion of the AE and we are pleased to acknowledge his contribution to the manuscript. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1170 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00483.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 687HG UT WOS:000284769000006 ER PT J AU Obenauer, PJ Allan, SA Kaufman, PE AF Obenauer, P. J. Allan, S. A. Kaufman, P. E. TI Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) oviposition response to organic infusions from common flora of suburban Florida SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian tiger mosquito; mosquito attraction; oviposition; infusion ID AEGYPTI DIPTERA; LEAF-LITTER; ATTRACTANTS; MOSQUITOS; BACTERIA; CULEX; BEHAVIOR; LARVAE AB We evaluated the oviposition response of gravid Aedes albopictus (Skuse) to six organic infusions. Laboratory and field-placed oviposition cups baited with water oak (Quercus nigra L.), longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill), or St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze), as well as binary infusion mixtures of each, were used. In addition, a triple-cage, dual port olfactometer was used to measure upwind response of gravid individuals to these infusions. We found that Ae. albopictus deposited more eggs in infusion-baited cups compared with water alone. Moreover, significantly more eggs were laid in the water oak and a water oak-pine mixture as compared with the St. Augustine grass infusion in laboratory bioassays. However, a negative upwind response was observed with longleaf pine infusion in the olfactometer. In field cages, significantly more eggs were deposited in infusion-baited cups as compared with water alone and a greater percentage of eggs were deposited in cups containing a water oak and the water oak-longleaf pine mixture as compared with cups containing single infusions or their mixtures. C1 [Kaufman, P. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Obenauer, P. J.] US NAMRU 3 Cairo, Fpo, AE 09835 USA. [Allan, S. A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kaufman, PE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620,Bldg 70,Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Kaufman, Phillip/0000-0001-6159-8358 FU Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [FLA-04598] FX We thank Erin Vrzal and Catherine Zettel-Nalen for assistance with laboratory and field experiments. We are grateful to Dr. John Sivinski for providing field cages and Charlie Stuhl with their set-up. This study was supported by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds, Project No. FLA-04598, received from the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. government. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00086.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 700QC UT WOS:000285758200006 PM 21175935 ER PT J AU Allan, SA Bernier, UR Kline, DL AF Allan, Sandra A. Bernier, Ulrich R. Kline, Daniel L. TI Laboratory evaluation of lactic acid on attraction of Culex spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex; Aedes; mosquitoes; blood meal; surveillance; ecology ID MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; HUMAN SKIN EMANATIONS; YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; SENSU-STRICTO DIPTERA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MALARIA MOSQUITO; RESPONSES; ODORS; 1-OCTEN-3-OL AB The role of lactic acid was evaluated for attraction of Culex nigripalpus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, and Aedes aegypti in the laboratory using a dual-port olfactometer. When lactic acid was combined with chicken odor, attraction was increased for Cx. quinquefasciatus compared to chicken odor alone but not for Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. tarsalis, and Ae. aegypti. Lactic acid combined with hand odor did not change attraction of Cx. tarsalis and Ae. aegypti but decreased attraction of Cx. nigripalpus and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The addition of lactic acid to CO(2) increased attraction of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus but reduced attraction of Cx. nigripalpus and Cx. tarsalis. Use of commercial lactic acid baits with CO(2) resulted in a similar trend except for Cx. nigripalpus which showed no difference. A blend of lactic acid, acetone, and dimethyl disulfide was attractive to Ae. aegypti (63.4%) but elicited low responses by all Culex spp. (1.3-26.8%). Addition of the blend to CO(2) increased attraction of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus but reduced attraction of Cx. nigripalpus and Cx. tarsalis. The mixture of compounds plus CO(2) was as attractive as a hand for Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tarsalis, and Ae. aegypti. C1 [Allan, Sandra A.; Bernier, Ulrich R.; Kline, Daniel L.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Allan, SA (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00089.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 700QC UT WOS:000285758200009 PM 21175938 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Hladky, LL AF Wintermantel, William M. Hladky, Laura L. TI Methods for detection and differentiation of existing and new crinivirus species through multiplex and degenerate primer RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Virus detection; Virus identification; Multiplex RT-PCR; Degenerate primer ID TOMATO-CHLOROSIS-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PALLIDOSIS-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; WHITEFLY-TRANSMITTED VIRUS; STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; PSEUDO-YELLOWS-VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; SWEET-POTATO; GENUS CRINIVIRUS; HOST-RANGE AB A method was developed for rapid identification and differentiation of both known and novel crinivirus species involving both multiplex and degenerate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The multiplex method can discriminate among known criniviruses infecting vegetable and small fruit crops, and rapidly identify viruses associated with disease symptoms, as well as identification of mixed crinivirus infections. Four host groups for multiplex detection of criniviruses were selected based on the types of crops where specific criniviruses would be expected to occur. Each detection group contained three to four crop-specific primers designed to the same region of the gene encoding the highly conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (RdRp) of criniviruses for rapid, single-reaction determination of which crinivirus(es) may be infecting a plant. Degenerate reverse primers used for RT and in PCR were designed to amplify all members of each host group, and were coupled with species-specific forward primers resulting in four separate single-reaction cocktails for detection of most criniviruses sequenced to date, whether present in single or mixed virus infections. Additional viruses can be added to multiplex detection by adjustment of primer concentration for balanced detection of target viruses. In order to identify unknown putative criniviruses or those for which sequence information is not yet available, a genus-wide, universal degenerate primer set was developed. These primers also targeted the crinivirus RdRp gene, and amplify a wide range of crinivirus sequences. Both detection systems can be used with most RNA extraction methods, and with RT-PCR reagents common in most laboratories. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wintermantel, William M.; Hladky, Laura L.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bill.wintermantel@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5305-22000-011-00D] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Segundo Fuentes and Ian Barker, CIP, Lima, Peru; Ioannis Tzanetakis, Univ. of Arkansas and Bob Martin, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, for their assistance with providing crinivirus-infected tissue or nucleic acid extract used in these studies. This research was supported by USDA-ARS Project 5305-22000-011-00D. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.09.008 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 691ZS UT WOS:000285121900017 PM 20833203 ER PT J AU Belisle, SE Tisoncik, JR Korth, MJ Carter, VS Proll, SC Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, M Tumpey, TM Katze, MG AF Belisle, Sarah E. Tisoncik, Jennifer R. Korth, Marcus J. Carter, Victoria S. Proll, Sean C. Swayne, David E. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Tumpey, Terrence M. Katze, Michael G. TI Genomic Profiling of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) Receptor and Interleukin-1 Receptor Knockout Mice Reveals a Link between TNF-alpha Signaling and Increased Severity of 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus Infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE MODULATION; DEFICIENT MICE; CUTTING EDGE; INFLAMMATION; RESPONSES; ACTIVATION; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; MECHANISMS; MODEL AB The influenza pandemic of 1918 to 1919 was one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. The highly pathogenic nature of the 1918 virus is thought to be mediated in part by a dysregulation of the host response, including an exacerbated proinflammatory cytokine response. In the present study, we compared the host transcriptional response to infection with the reconstructed 1918 virus in wild-type, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1 knockout (TNFRKO), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-1 knockout (IL1RKO) mice as a means of further understanding the role of proinflammatory cytokine signaling during the acute response to infection. Despite reported redundancy in the functions of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, we observed that reducing the signaling capacity of each of these molecules by genetic disruption of their key receptor genes had very different effects on the host response to infection. In TNFRKO mice, we found delayed or decreased expression of genes associated with antiviral and innate immune signaling, complement, coagulation, and negative acute-phase response. In contrast, in IL1RKO mice numerous genes were differentially expressed at 1 day postinoculation, including an increase in the expression of genes that contribute to dendritic and natural killer cell processes and cellular movement, and gene expression profiles remained relatively constant at later time points. We also observed a compensatory increase in TNF-alpha expression in virus-infected IL1RKO mice. Our data suggest that signaling through the IL-1 receptor is protective, whereas signaling through the TNF-alpha receptor increases the severity of 1918 virus infection. These findings suggest that manipulation of these pathways may have therapeutic benefit. C1 [Belisle, Sarah E.; Tisoncik, Jennifer R.; Korth, Marcus J.; Carter, Victoria S.; Proll, Sean C.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Belisle, Sarah E.; Tisoncik, Jennifer R.; Korth, Marcus J.; Carter, Victoria S.; Proll, Sean C.] Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swayne, David E.; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katze, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [P01AI058113] FX This study was funded in part by Public Health Service grant P01AI058113 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 84 IS 24 BP 12576 EP 12588 DI 10.1128/JVI.01310-10 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 683IN UT WOS:000284469600011 PM 20926563 ER PT J AU Riva-Murray, K Riemann, R Murdoch, P Fischer, JM Brightbill, R AF Riva-Murray, Karen Riemann, Rachel Murdoch, Peter Fischer, Jeffrey M. Brightbill, Robin TI Landscape characteristics affecting streams in urbanizing regions of the Delaware River Basin (New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, U.S.) SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urbanization; Macroinvertebrate; Landscape pattern; Land cover; Land use; Water quality; Impervious surface ID CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS; UNITED-STATES; METROPOLITAN-AREAS; LAND-COVER; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FRESH-WATER; USA; INTENSITY; METRICS AB Widespread and increasing urbanization has resulted in the need to assess, monitor, and understand its effects on stream water quality. Identifying relations between stream ecological condition and urban intensity indicators such as impervious surface provides important, but insufficient information to effectively address planning and management needs in such areas. In this study we investigate those specific landscape metrics which are functionally linked to indicators of stream ecological condition, and in particular, identify those characteristics that exacerbate or mitigate changes in ecological condition over and above impervious surface. The approach used addresses challenges associated with redundancy of landscape metrics, and links landscape pattern and composition to an indicator of stream ecological condition across a broad area of the eastern United States. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected during 2000-2001 from forty-two sites in the Delaware River Basin, and landscape data of high spatial and thematic resolution were obtained from photointerpretation of 1999 imagery. An ordination-derived 'biotic score' was positively correlated with assemblage tolerance, and with urban-related chemical characteristics such as chloride concentration and an index of potential pesticide toxicity. Impervious surface explained 56% of the variation in biotic score, but the variation explained increased to as high as 83% with the incorporation of a second land use, cover, or configuration metric at catchment or riparian scales. These include land use class-specific cover metrics such as percent of urban land with tree cover, forest fragmentation metrics such as aggregation index, riparian metrics such as percent tree cover, and metrics related to urban aggregation. Study results indicate that these metrics will be important to monitor in urbanizing areas in addition to impervious surface. C1 [Riva-Murray, Karen; Murdoch, Peter] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Riemann, Rachel] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Fischer, Jeffrey M.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Brightbill, Robin] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Riva-Murray, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM krmurray@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1489 EP 1503 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9513-y PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 669SR UT WOS:000283371000003 ER PT J AU Gavier-Pizarro, GI Radeloff, VC Stewart, SI Huebner, CD Keuler, NS AF Gavier-Pizarro, Gregorio I. Radeloff, Volker C. Stewart, Susan I. Huebner, Cynthia D. Keuler, Nicholas S. TI Rural housing is related to plant invasions in forests of southern Wisconsin, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baraboo Hills; Forest fragmentation; Landscaping; Midwestern forests; Non-native invasive plants; Rural housing; Wisconsin ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; CONSERVATION VALUE; PATTERNS; GROWTH; ECOLOGY; RESPONSES; DENSITY AB Forests throughout the US are invaded by non-native invasive plants. Rural housing may contribute to non-native plant invasions by introducing plants via landscaping, and by creating habitat conditions favorable for invaders. The objective of this paper was to test the hypothesis that rural housing is a significant factor explaining the distribution of invasive non-native plants in temperate forests of the Midwestern US. In the Baraboo Hills, Wisconsin, we sampled 105 plots in forest interiors. We recorded richness and abundance of the most common invasive non-native plants and measured rural housing, human-caused landscape fragmentation (e.g. roads and forest edges), forest structure and topography. We used regression analysis to identify the variables more related to the distribution of non-native invasive plants (best subset and hierarchical partitioning analyses for richness and abundance and logistic regression for presence/absence of individual species). Housing variables had the strongest association with richness of non-native invasive plants along with distance to forest edge and elevation, while the number of houses in a 1 km buffer around each plot was the variable most strongly associated with abundance of non-native invasive plants. Rhamnus cathartica and Lonicera spp. were most strongly associated with rural housing and fragmentation. Berberis thumbergii and Rosa multiflora were associated with gentle slopes and low elevation, while Alliaria petiolata was associated with higher cover of native vegetation and stands with no recent logging history. Housing development inside or adjacent to forests of high conservation value and the use of non-native invasive plants for landscaping should be discouraged. C1 [Gavier-Pizarro, Gregorio I.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Huebner, Cynthia D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Keuler, Nicholas S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gavier-Pizarro, GI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ggavier@cnia.inta.gov.ar RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Fulbright/Organization of American States Fellowship FX We thank F. Beaudry, J. B. Zedler, M. G. Turner, E. L. Kruger, D. J. Mladenoff, the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions on previous versions of the manuscript. A. Prishepov, M. Dubinin and P. C. Alcantara Concepcion provided valuable assistance in the field. We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, and by a Fulbright/Organization of American States Fellowship to G. Gavier-Pizarro. NR 76 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1505 EP 1518 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9516-8 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 669SR UT WOS:000283371000004 ER PT J AU Kennedy, MC McKenzie, D AF Kennedy, Maureen C. McKenzie, Donald TI Using a stochastic model and cross-scale analysis to evaluate controls on historical low-severity fire regimes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire history; Sorensen distance; Neutral model; Top-down vs. bottom-up controls; Scaling ID NEUTRAL MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILDFIRE; UNCERTAINTY; WASHINGTON; ECOLOGY; FORESTS; FUTURE; GROWTH; USA AB Fire-scarred trees provide a deep temporal record of historical fire activity, but identifying the mechanisms therein that controlled landscape fire patterns is not straightforward. We use a spatially correlated metric for fire co-occurrence between pairs of trees (the Sorensen distance variogram), with output from a neutral model for fire history, to infer the relative strength of top-down vs. bottom-up controls on historical fire regimes. An inverse modeling procedure finds combinations of neutral-model parameters that produce Sorensen distance variograms with statistical properties similar to those observed from two landscapes in eastern Washington, USA, with contrasting topography. We find the most parsimonious model structure that is able to replicate the observed patterns and the parameters of this model provide surrogates for the predominance of top-down vs. bottom-up controls. Simulations with relatively low spread probability produce irregular fire perimeters and variograms similar to those from the topographically complex landscape. With higher spread probabilities fires exhibit regular perimeters and variograms similar to those from the simpler landscape. We demonstrate that cross-scale properties of the fire-scar record, even without historical fuels and weather data, document how complex topography creates strong bottom-up controls on fire spread. This control is weaker in simpler topography, and may be compromised in a future climate with more severe weather events. C1 [Kennedy, Maureen C.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Kennedy, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mkenn@u.washington.edu; dmck@u.washington.edu FU Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of Lara-Karena Kellogg, whose earlier work in modeling the spatial structure of fire-scar records has inspired ours. We thank David L. Peterson, Ashley Steel, Carol Miller and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. Robert Norheim produced the map for Fig. 1. Research was supported by the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1561 EP 1573 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9527-5 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 669SR UT WOS:000283371000008 ER PT J AU Wasserman, TN Cushman, SA Schwartz, MK Wallin, DO AF Wasserman, Tzeidle N. Cushman, Samuel A. Schwartz, Michael K. Wallin, David O. TI Spatial scaling and multi-model inference in landscape genetics: Martes americana in northern Idaho SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Scale dependency; Causal modeling; American marten; Population connectivity; Gene flow ID ROE DEER POPULATION; MANTEL TEST; FLOW; DISTANCE; CONNECTIVITY; FRAGMENTATION; REGRESSION; FEATURES; ECOLOGY AB Individual-based analyses relating landscape structure to genetic distances across complex landscapes enable rigorous evaluation of multiple alternative hypotheses linking landscape structure to gene flow. We utilize two extensions to increase the rigor of the individual-based causal modeling approach to inferring relationships between landscape patterns and gene flow processes. First, we add a univariate scaling analysis to ensure that each landscape variable is represented in the functional form that represents the optimal scale of its association with gene flow. Second, we use a two-step form of the causal modeling approach to integrate model selection with null hypothesis testing in individual-based landscape genetic analysis. This series of causal modeling indicated that gene flow in American marten in northern Idaho was primarily related to elevation, and that alternative hypotheses involving isolation by distance, geographical barriers, effects of canopy closure, roads, tree size class and an empirical habitat model were not supported. Gene flow in the Northern Idaho American marten population is therefore driven by a gradient of landscape resistance that is a function of elevation, with minimum resistance to gene flow at 1500 m. C1 [Wasserman, Tzeidle N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Cushman, Samuel A.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Wallin, David O.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Wasserman, TN (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 1508, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM tnw23@nau.edu; scushman@fs.fed.us; mkschwartz@fs.fed.us; wallin@cc.wwu.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Western Washington University, Huxley College of the Environment FX This research was primarily supported by the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Western Washington University, Huxley College of the Environment. We especially thank Jim Hayden of Idaho Fish and Game for his support and the RMRS Wildlife Genetics Lab in Missoula, MT. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers and Rolf Holderegger for their helpful insights and comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1612 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9525-7 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 669SR UT WOS:000283371000011 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA Lewis, JS AF Cushman, Samuel A. Lewis, Jesse S. TI Movement behavior explains genetic differentiation in American black bears SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Movement behavior; Path-level analysis; Connectivity; Landscape genetics; Black bear; Ursus americanus ID ROE DEER POPULATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; HABITAT SELECTION; FLOW; CONNECTIVITY; INFERENCE; SCALE; MODEL AB Individual-based landscape genetic analyses provide empirically based models of gene flow. It would be valuable to verify the predictions of these models using independent data of a different type. Analyses using different data sources that produce consistent results provide strong support for the generality of the findings. Mating and dispersal movements are the mechanisms through which gene flow operates in animal populations. The best means to verify landscape genetic predictions would be to use movement data to independently predict landscape resistance. We used path-level, conditional logistic regression to predict landscape resistance for American black bear (Ursus americanus) in a landscape in which previous work predicted population connectivity using individual-based landscape genetics. We found consistent landscape factors influence genetic differentiation and movement path selection, with strong similarities between the predicted landscape resistance surfaces. Genetic differentiation in American black bear is driven by spring movement (mating and dispersal) in relation to residential development, roads, elevation and forest cover. Given the limited periods of the year when gene flow events primarily occur, models of landscape connectivity should carefully consider temporal changes in functional landscape resistance. C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lewis, Jesse S.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; jslewis@rams.colostate.edu FU Idaho Department of Transportation; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Forest Service; University of Idaho FX Funding and support were provided by the Idaho Department of Transportation, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, and the University of Idaho. We greatly thank J. Rachlow, J. Hayden, W. Wakkinen, P. Zager, W. Kasworm, T. Radandt, M. Proctor, and T. Johnson for their invaluable guidance, support, and tremendous effort in the field. We also thank Michael Schwartz and Kevin McKelvey at the Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 78 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1613 EP 1625 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9534-6 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 669SR UT WOS:000283371000012 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Johnson, LK Zeng, HW AF Nielsen, Forrest H. Johnson, LuAnn K. Zeng, Huawei TI Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep SO MAGNESIUM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magnesium deficiency; inflammatory stress; sleep; magnesium intake; magnesium supplementation ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; DIETARY MAGNESIUM; DEFICIENT DIET; RATS; DEPRIVATION; CHILDREN; CALCIUM; MARKERS; PLASMA AB Low magnesium status has been associated with numerous conditions characterized as having a chronic inflammatory stress component. Some animal findings indicate that a moderate magnesium deficiency, similar to which apparently commonly occurs in humans, may enhance inflammatory or oxidative stress induced by other factors, including disrupted sleep/sleep deprivation. Thus, an experiment was performed with 100 adults (22 males and 78 females) aged 59 +/- 8 years (range 51 to 85 years) with poor sleep quality revealed by a Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score higher than five. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups matched by gender, age, and overall PSQI score. After baseline assessment (week one) of body mass index (BMI), diet, blood and urine biochemical variables, and sleep quality, one group was given a 320 mg magnesium/day supplement as magnesium citrate and the other group a sodium citrate placebo for seven weeks. Final assessments were made five and seven weeks (which were combined for statistical analysis to reduce intra-individual variation) after supplement initiation for the 96 participants who completed the study as designed. Based on food diaries, 58% of the participants were consuming less than the US. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for magnesium. Consuming less than the EAR was associated with a significantly higher BMI and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. Only 40 participants had plasma CRP concentrations higher than 3.0 mg/L (an indication of chronic inflammatory stress). Overall PSQI scores improved (10.4 to 6.6, p < 0.0001) and erythrocyte magnesium increased (4.75 to 5.05 pg/cell, p = 0.01) regardless of magnesium or placebo supplementation. Magnesium vs placebo supplementation did not significantly affect serum magnesium when all participants were included in the analysis. When only the 37 participants with serum magnesium concentrations < 1.8 mg/dL (indication of deficient magnesium status) were analyzed, magnesium supplementation, but not the placebo, increased serum magnesium concentrations. Magnesium supplementation vs placebo decreased plasma CRP in participants with baseline values > 3.0 mg/L. The findings show that many individuals have a low magnesium status associated with increased chronic inflammatory stress that could be alleviated by increased magnesium intake. Because dietary magnesium intake did not change during the experimental period, another factor, possibly a placebo effect, improved sleep quality, which resulted in increased erythrocyte magnesium. This factor prevented the determination of whether magnesium deficiency contributes to poor sleep quality. The findings, however, suggest an association between magnesium status and sleep quality that needs further study to definitively determine whether a low magnesium status is a cause or an effect of poor sleep quality. C1 [Nielsen, Forrest H.; Johnson, LuAnn K.; Zeng, Huawei] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2 Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM forrest.nielsen@ars.usda.gov FU Tyrase Research, Grand Forks, ND FX The author thanks the members of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center human studies staff that made this study possible: Wesley Canfield (medical affairs), Sandra Gallagher (clinical chemistry), Bonnie Hoverson (supplements), Craig Lacher (mineral analyses), Brenda Ling (recruiting), Emily Nielsen (study coordination), James Penland (sleep assessment methods), Angela Scheett (food diaries), and Becky Stadstad (PSQI scoring). The author wishes to thank Ona Scandurra, Dr. Paul Lohmann, Inc., Islandia, NY for supplying magnesium citrate and Tyrase Research, Grand Forks, ND, for funding the research. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 20 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 0953-1424 J9 MAGNESIUM RES JI Magnes. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1684/mrh.2010.0220 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 712BP UT WOS:000286637300001 PM 21199787 ER PT J AU Muller, GC Junnila, A Qualls, W Revay, EE Kline, DL Allan, S Schlein, Y Xue, RD AF Mueller, G. C. Junnila, A. Qualls, W. Revay, E. E. Kline, D. L. Allan, S. Schlein, Y. Xue, R. D. TI Control of Culex quinquefasciatus in a storm drain system in Florida using attractive toxic sugar baits SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs); mosquito control; storm drains; underground breeding ID MOSQUITO-CONTROL; CALIFORNIA; CULICIDAE; EFFICACY; DIPTERA; COUNTY; AREAS AB Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) were used to control mosquitoes in the storm drains of a residential area on the outskirts of St Augustine, Florida. The drainage system was newly constructed and no mosquitoes were breeding inside it. The area covered by the storm drains was divided in half; 10 drains served as control drains and 16 drains served as experimental drains. The baits, which consisted of a mixture of brown sugar, fruit juice, green dye marker and boric acid, were presented at the entrances of the treated drains and exit traps were positioned over the drain openings and the connecting tubes leading to retention ponds. Similar baits with orange dye and without toxin were presented at the entrances of control drains. A total of 220 pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) were released in each control and toxin-treated drain, and the numbers of recovered mosquitoes were examined to determine the effectiveness of ATSBs in the storm drain system. An average of 178.2 mosquitoes exited each drain in the control area; 87.0% of these had fed on the baits and were stained orange, whereas 13.0% were unstained. In the toxin-treated drains, 83.7% of hatched females and 86.6% of hatched males were controlled by the baits. C1 [Mueller, G. C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, Inst Med Res Israel Canada,Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Qualls, W.; Xue, R. D.] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL USA. [Revay, E. E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Bruce Rappaport Fac Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. [Kline, D. L.; Allan, S.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Muller, GC (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, Inst Med Res Israel Canada,Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM amyjunnila@hotmail.com FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. [47302] FX The authors wish to thank the team of the St Augustine Mosquito Control District, and Dr Francois Guimont for his help in preparing this manuscript. The project was partly sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. (grant no. 47302). NR 37 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00876.x PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 678KT UT WOS:000284073200002 PM 20546128 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Herrington, DM Horvath, KV Schaefer, EJ Asztalos, BF AF Lamon-Fava, Stefania Herrington, David M. Horvath, Katalin V. Schaefer, Ernst J. Asztalos, Bela F. TI Effect of hormone replacement therapy on plasma lipoprotein levels and coronary atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women according to type 2 diabetes mellitus status SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-III; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; HEART-DISEASE; ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; EQUINE ESTROGEN; TRIGLYCERIDE; CHOLESTEROL; RISK AB Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia and with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our objective was to compare the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma lipoproteins and coronary disease progression in postmenopausal women with and without diabetes. Study subjects were participants in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial, a placebo-controlled, randomized trial of HRT (conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg/d with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg/d) in postmenopausal women with established CHD (mean age, 65 +/- 7 years). Plasma remnant lipoprotein levels and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulation levels were measured at baseline and year 1. Quantitative coronary angiography was assessed at baseline and at follow-up. At baseline, remnant lipoprotein levels were significantly higher and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in diabetic women than in women without diabetes. Hormone replacement therapy lowered remnant lipoproteins and increased HDL-C and large HDL particle levels in both groups. However, during HRT, levels of these parameters were still significantly worse in diabetic women than in nondiabetic women. A significant interaction between HRT and diabetes status, with greater increases in plasma atheroprotective HDL alpha 1 particles in nondiabetic women than in diabetic women during HRT, was observed. Coronary heart disease progressed significantly more in women with diabetes than in women without diabetes. Our findings indicate that diabetes attenuates the HRT-related increase in atheroprotective HDL alpha 1 particles. Faster progression of coronary atherosclerosis in women with diabetes could be mediated in part by a worse lipoprotein profile in these women than in women without diabetes, both before and during HRT. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Horvath, Katalin V.; Schaefer, Ernst J.; Asztalos, Bela F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Herrington, David M.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU National Institutes of Health/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [R01 HL70081]; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute grant R01 HL70081 to SL-F, and by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No 58-1950-7-707 Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U S Department of Agriculture NR 42 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1794 EP 1800 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.05.012 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 689ZB UT WOS:000284968500014 PM 20580029 ER PT J AU Taliercio, E Scheffler, J Scheffler, B AF Taliercio, Earl Scheffler, Jodi Scheffler, Brian TI Characterization of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) invertase genes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Fiber elongation; Gene promoter; Splice variant; SSR; Sucrose ID EXTRACELLULAR INVERTASE; VACUOLAR INVERTASE; ACID; SUBSTITUTION; EXPRESSION; ENDOSPERM; DATABASE; PEDICEL; PROTEIN; STRESS AB Two cotton vacuolar-invertase genes were identified and sequenced. Both genes had seven exons, including an unusually small second exon typical of acid invertases. These genes encode peptides with many features shared by acid invertases from other species including, leader sequences that probably target the peptide to the vacuole, active site motifs and substrate binding motifs. Expression analyses indicated that one of the genes was expressed in roots during the starch filling stage of development. However, expression of the same gene fluctuated during the starch utilization stage of development. Therefore this gene was unlikely to play a role in determining sink strength of this tissue. Both genes were expressed in elongating fibers where they were likely to play a role in cell expansion. The invertase gene uniquely expressed in fiber had a simple sequence repeat (SSR) in the third intron that was polymorphic among various cotton species. An EST was identified with an expansion of the SSR that included the third intron indicating this SSR is associated with a splice variant. The polymorphic SSR may be useful in investigating the function of this gene in fiber development. C1 [Taliercio, Earl] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Scheffler, Jodi; Scheffler, Brian] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Taliercio, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM earl.taliercio@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6402-21000-029-00] FX The author thanks Pameka Johnson for excellent technical assistance and Drs. Ricki Turley and Candace Haigler for critical review of this manuscript. This work was supported by USDA/ARS CRIS number 6402-21000-029-00. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 8 BP 3915 EP 3920 DI 10.1007/s11033-010-0048-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 672IV UT WOS:000283577400032 PM 20300865 ER PT J AU Yu, LX Liu, SX Anderson, JA Singh, RP Jin, Y Dubcovsky, J Brown-Guidera, G Bhavani, S Morgounov, A He, ZH Huerta-Espino, J Sorrells, ME AF Yu, Long-Xi Liu, Sixin Anderson, James A. Singh, Ravi P. Jin, Yue Dubcovsky, Jorge Brown-Guidera, Gina Bhavani, Sridhar Morgounov, Alexey He, Zhonghu Huerta-Espino, Julio Sorrells, Mark E. TI Haplotype diversity of stem rust resistance loci in uncharacterized wheat lines SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Stem rust; Sr gene; Haplotype; Pyramiding; Genetic relationship; Marker-assisted selection ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; INFECTION TYPES; COMMON WHEAT; PCR MARKERS; GENE SR36; RACE TTKS; SELECTION AB Stem rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. The recent emergence of wheat stem rust race Ug99 (TTKS based on the North American stem rust race nomenclature system) and related strains threaten global wheat production because they overcome widely used genes that had been effective for many years. Host resistance is likely to be more durable when several stem rust resistance genes are pyramided in a single wheat variety; however, little is known about the resistance genotypes of widely used wheat germplasm. In this study, a diverse collection of wheat germplasm was haplotyped for stem rust resistance genes Sr2, Sr22, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr36, Sr40, and 1A.1R using linked microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence tagged site (STS) markers. Haplotype analysis indicated that 83 out of 115 current wheat breeding lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) likely carry Sr2. Among those, five out of 94 CIMMYT spring lines tested had both Sr2 and Sr25 haplotypes. Five out of 22 Agriculture Research Service (ARS) lines likely have Sr2 and a few have Sr24, Sr36, and 1A.1R. Two out of 43 Chinese accessions have Sr2. No line was found to have the Sr26 and Sr40 haplotypes in this panel of accessions. DArT genotyping was used to identify new markers associated with the major stem resistance genes. Four DArT markers were significantly associated with Sr2 and one with Sr25. Principal component analysis grouped wheat lines from similar origins. Almost all CIMMYT spring wheats were clustered together as a large group and separated from the winter wheats. The results provide useful information for stem rust resistance breeding and pyramiding. C1 [Yu, Long-Xi; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Liu, Sixin; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Singh, Ravi P.; Bhavani, Sridhar; Morgounov, Alexey; He, Zhonghu] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Edo Mex 06600, Mexico. [Jin, Yue] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brown-Guidera, Gina] USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [He, Zhonghu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Huerta-Espino, Julio] Campo Expt Valle Mexico INIFAP, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; bhavani, sridhar/0000-0002-4091-2608 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Hatch Project [149-402]; USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative [2005-05130] FX We acknowledge Dr. Michael Pumphrey for providing the US germplasm and related information. This work was supported in part by funds provided through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Cornell University for the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) Project. Support was also provided by Hatch Project 149-402 and USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative CAP grant 2005-05130. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 667 EP 680 DI 10.1007/s11032-010-9403-7 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 669PV UT WOS:000283363600009 ER PT J AU Dreesen, RSG Vanholme, BTM Luyten, K Van Wynsberghe, L Fazio, G Roldan-Ruiz, I Keulemans, J AF Dreesen, Rozemarijn S. G. Vanholme, Bartel T. M. Luyten, Katrien Van Wynsberghe, Lobke Fazio, Gennaro Roldan-Ruiz, Isabel Keulemans, Johan TI Analysis of Malus S-RNase gene diversity based on a comparative study of old and modern apple cultivars and European wild apple SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; Malus sylvestris; Gametophytic self-incompatibility; Hypervariable region; SCAR; S-allele-specific PCR ID GAMETOPHYTIC SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FEATURES; ALMOND PRUNUS-DULCIS; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; MCINTOSH APPLE; X DOMESTICA; AMINO-ACID; ALLELES; SEQUENCE; POPULATIONS AB Malus S-RNase genetic diversity was analyzed in Malus x domestica cultivars and compared to European wild apple (Malus sylvestris). Using PCR-based approaches, the S-RNase genotype of 140 M. x domestica cultivars, 196 M. sylvestris trees and 27 M. sylvestris-M. x domestica hybrids was determined. S-RNase allelic richness in M. sylvestris was much higher than in M. x domestica, indicating the negative influence of domestication on S-RNase diversity. Heterogeneity of the S-RNase allelic distribution is much higher in cultivated apple than in wild apple, which shows that breeding leads to strong departure from the expected homogeneity of genes under negative frequency-dependent selection. The majority of the M. x domestica S-alleles has been found in M. sylvestris as well, which points to strong conservation of the S-locus gene structure. Based on the sequence of all different SCAR-fragments, which comprise both the hypervariable PS1 region and the single intron, S-RNase genetic diversity was further explored. It provided some clues to the occurrence of new S-alleles among the multitude of novel S-RNase sequences that have been identified, which were mostly unique for the group of M. sylvestris individuals. The determination of the S-RNase genotypes of old cultivars and M. sylvestris will enable their introduction into new breeding strategies. As M. sylvestris has become an endangered species in Belgium, the knowledge gathered in this study will be an important tool for selecting useful genotypes for a core collection. C1 [Dreesen, Rozemarijn S. G.; Luyten, Katrien; Van Wynsberghe, Lobke; Keulemans, Johan] KULeuven, Lab Fruit Breeding & Biotechnol, Div Crop Biotech, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Vanholme, Bartel T. M.] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Fazio, Gennaro] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Roldan-Ruiz, Isabel] Inst Agr & Fisheries Res, Unit PLANT Growth & Dev, B-9090 Melle, Belgium. RP Dreesen, RSG (reprint author), KULeuven, Lab Fruit Breeding & Biotechnol, Div Crop Biotech, Willem de Croylaan 42,Box 2427, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM rozemarijn.dreesen@biw.kuleuven.be FU Belgian Federal Science Policy [EV/43/28]; IWT-Flanders [OZM/040288] FX This work was financially supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy (SPSD II program, contract No. EV/43/28). R. Dreesen was funded by a post-doctoral fellowship from IWT-Flanders (OZM/040288). The authors acknowledge Sabine Van Glabeke and Sarah Bauer for technical assistance. Kristine vander Mijnsbrugge is thanked for sharing her knowledge of M. sylvestris. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 693 EP 709 DI 10.1007/s11032-010-9405-5 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 669PV UT WOS:000283363600011 ER PT J AU Meimberg, H Milan, NF Karatassiou, M Espeland, EK Mckay, JK Rice, KJ AF Meimberg, Harald Milan, Neil F. Karatassiou, Maria Espeland, Erin K. McKay, John K. Rice, Kevin J. TI Patterns of introduction and adaptation during the invasion of Aegilops triuncialis (Poaceae) into Californian serpentine soils SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; Aegilops; biological invasion; multiple introductions; serpentine soil ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; SPECIES INVASIONS; EVOLUTION; PLANT; POPULATIONS; RANGE; GRASS; CONSEQUENCES AB Multiple introductions can play a prominent role in explaining the success of biological invasions. One often cited mechanism is that multiple introductions of invasive species prevent genetic bottlenecks by parallel introductions of several distinct genotypes that, in turn, provide heritable variation necessary for local adaptation. Here, we show that the invasion of Aegilops triuncialis into California, USA, involved multiple introductions that may have facilitated invasion into serpentine habitats. Using microsatellite markers, we compared the polymorphism and genetic structure of populations of Ae. triuncialis invading serpentine soils in California to that of accessions from its native range. In a glasshouse study, we also compared phenotypic variation in phenological and fitness traits between invasive and native populations grown on loam soil and under serpentine edaphic conditions. Molecular analysis of invasive populations revealed that Californian populations cluster into three independent introductions (i.e. invasive lineages). Our glasshouse common garden experiment found that all Californian populations exhibited higher fitness under serpentine conditions. However, the three invasive lineages appear to represent independent pathways of adaptation to serpentine soil. Our results suggest that the rapid invasion of serpentine habitats in California may have been facilitated by the existence of colonizing Eurasian genotypes pre-adapted to serpentine soils. C1 [Meimberg, Harald] Univ Porto, CIBIO, Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources, P-4485601 Vairao, Portugal. [McKay, John K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Milan, Neil F.; Rice, Kevin J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Karatassiou, Maria] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Range & Wildlife Sci, Sch Forestry & Nat Environm, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Espeland, Erin K.] ARS, USDA, NPARL Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [McKay, John K.] Colorado State Univ, Program Mol Plant Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rice, Kevin J.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meimberg, H (reprint author), Univ Porto, CIBIO, Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources, Campus Agr Vairao, P-4485601 Vairao, Portugal. EM meimberg@mail.icav.up.pt RI McKay, John/K-3875-2012 OI McKay, John/0000-0003-4311-5513 FU USDA NRI [2005-35320-15314]; Packard Foundation [2000-01607]; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Alex Widmer and three anonymous reviewers for help in substantially improving this manuscript. This research was supported by USDA NRI grant #2005-35320-15314 to J.K. McKay and K.J. Rice, Packard Foundation grant #2000-01607 to K.J. Rice and The Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station to J.K. McKay. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 23 BP 5308 EP 5319 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04875.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 682UJ UT WOS:000284428200019 PM 20977511 ER PT J AU Nirmala, J Drader, T Chen, X Steffenson, B Kleinhofs, A AF Nirmala, Jayaveeramuthu Drader, Tom Chen, Xianming Steffenson, Brian Kleinhofs, Andris TI Stem Rust Spores Elicit Rapid RPG1 Phosphorylation SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; RECEPTOR KINASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; AVIRULENCE GENES; INNATE IMMUNITY; PLANT DEFENSE; MAP KINASE; BARLEY AB Stem rust threatens cereal production worldwide Understanding the mechanism by which durable resistance genes, such as Rpg1, function is critical We show that the RPG1 protein is phosphorylated within 5 nun by exposure to spores from avirulent but not virulent races of stem rust Transgenic mutants encoding an RPG1 protein with an in vitro inactive kinase domain fail to phosphorylate RPG1 in vivo and are susceptible to stem rust, demonstrating that phosphorylation is a prerequisite for disease resistance Protein kinase inhibitors prevent RPG1 phosphorylation and result in susceptibility to stem rust, providing further evidence for the importance of phosphorylation in disease resistance We conclude that phosphorylation of the RPG1 protein by the kinase activity of the pK2 domain Induced by the interaction with an unknown pathogen spore product is required for resistance to the avirulent stem rust races The pseudokinase pK1 domain is required for disease resistance but not phosphorylation The very rapid phosphorylation of RPG1 suggests that an effector is already present in or on the stem rust urediniospores when they are placed on the leaf surface However, spores must be alive, as determined by their ability to germinate, in order to elicit RPG1 phosphorylation C1 [Nirmala, Jayaveeramuthu; Kleinhofs, Andris] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Drader, Tom; Kleinhofs, Andris] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Steffenson, Brian] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kleinhofs, A (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Co operative State Research Education and Extension Service [2007 35301 18205]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010 65108 20568] FX Research was supported by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Co operative State Research Education and Extension Service grant no 2007 35301 18205 and National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant no 2010 65108 20568 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1635 EP 1642 DI 10.1094/MPMI-06-10-0136 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 681II UT WOS:000284304200011 PM 20653415 ER PT J AU Brooks, NE Cadena, SM Vannier, E Cloutier, G Carambula, S Myburgh, KH Roubenoff, R Castaneda-Sceppa, C AF Brooks, Naomi E. Cadena, Samuel M. Vannier, Edouard Cloutier, Gregory Carambula, Silvia Myburgh, Kathryn H. Roubenoff, Ronenn Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen TI EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE COMBINED WITH ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AND ENERGY DEFICIT ON MARKERS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY AND REGENERATION DURING BED REST AND ACTIVE RECOVERY SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article DE bed rest; energy deficit; essential amino acid supplementation; myogenic factors; resistance exercise ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SATELLITE CELLS; SPACE-SHUTTLE; MYOSTATIN; SIZE; SPACEFLIGHT; MASS; HUMANS AB Spaceflight and bed rest (BR) lead to muscle atrophy. This study assessed the effect of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation and resistance training with decreased energy intake on molecular changes in skeletal muscle after 28-day BR and 14-day recovery. Thirty-one men (31-55 years) subjected to an 8 +/- 6% energy deficit were randomized to receive EAA without resistance training (AA, n = 7), or EAA 3 h after (RT, n = 12) or 5 min before (AART, n = 12) resistance training. During BR, myostatin transcript levels increased twofold in the AA group. During recovery, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA increased in all groups, whereas Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 transcripts increased in AA only (all P < 0.05). MAFbx transcripts decreased twofold with AA and RT. Satellite cells did not change during BR or recovery. This suggests that EAA alone is the least protective countermeasure to muscle loss, and several molecular mechanisms are proposed by which exercise attenuates muscle atrophy during BR with energy deficit. Muscle Nerve 42: 927-935, 2010 C1 [Roubenoff, Ronenn; Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Brooks, Naomi E.; Myburgh, Kathryn H.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Cadena, Samuel M.; Cloutier, Gregory; Carambula, Silvia] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Vannier, Edouard] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Castaneda-Sceppa, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM c.sceppa@neu.edu OI Myburgh, Kathryn/0000-0003-4501-2120 FU National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) [NCC 9-58]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9-001]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [M01 RR000054, T32 DK62032-11]; South African National Research Foundation [UID 69045] FX This work was supported by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI; NCC 9-58), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS Agreement 58-1950-9-001), the National Institutes of Health (NIH; M01 RR000054), and the South African National Research Foundation (UID 69045). S.M.C. was supported in part by the NIH (T32 DK62032-11). This study was presented in part at the annual meeting. of the American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, and to the Physiological Society of Southern Africa, which granted Naomi Brooks the Health and Wellness Award for best oral presentation. The authors are grateful to the study participants for their kind and valuable cooperation. We also thank the undergraduate and graduate students from Tufts University, the University of Massachusetts, and Northeastern University for their assistance with resistance exercise training and data collection; Jared Pearlman, MS, for his assistance with data entry; the staff from HNRCA at Tufts University and from the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at Tufts Medical Center for their valuable expertise; and the staff at Shuttle Contemporary Designs Co. (Glacier, WA) for their assistance with the resistance training equipment. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 6 BP 927 EP 935 DI 10.1002/mus.21780 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 692RI UT WOS:000285172400013 PM 20928906 ER PT J AU Tabashnik, BE Sisterson, MS Ellsworth, PC Dennehy, TJ Antilla, L Liesner, L Whitlow, M Staten, RT Fabrick, JA Unnithan, GC Yelich, AJ Ellers-Kirk, C Harpold, VS Li, XC Carriere, Y AF Tabashnik, Bruce E. Sisterson, Mark S. Ellsworth, Peter C. Dennehy, Timothy J. Antilla, Larry Liesner, Leighton Whitlow, Mike Staten, Robert T. Fabrick, Jeffrey A. Unnithan, Gopalan C. Yelich, Alex J. Ellers-Kirk, Christa Harpold, Virginia S. Li, Xianchun Carriere, Yves TI Suppressing resistance to Bt cotton with sterile insect releases SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS COTTON; PINK-BOLLWORM; TRANSGENIC COTTON; FITNESS COSTS; CROPS; LEPIDOPTERA; TOXIN; POPULATIONS; GENETICS; ALLELES AB Genetically engineered crops that produce insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are grown widely for pest control(1). However, insect adaptation can reduce the toxins' efficacy(2-5). The predominant strategy for delaying pest resistance to Bt crops requires refuges of non-Bt host plants to provide susceptible insects to mate with resistant insects(2-7). Variable farmer compliance is one of the limitations of this approach. Here we report the benefits of an alternative strategy where sterile insects are released to mate with resistant insects and refuges are scarce or absent. Computer simulations show that this approach works in principle against pests with recessive or dominant inheritance of resistance. During a large-scale, four-year field deployment of this strategy in Arizona, resistance of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) to Bt cotton did not increase. A multitactic eradication program that included the release of sterile moths reduced pink bollworm abundance by >99%, while eliminating insecticide sprays against this key invasive pest. C1 [Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Dennehy, Timothy J.; Unnithan, Gopalan C.; Yelich, Alex J.; Ellers-Kirk, Christa; Harpold, Virginia S.; Li, Xianchun; Carriere, Yves] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sisterson, Mark S.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Ellsworth, Peter C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Dennehy, Timothy J.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Antilla, Larry; Liesner, Leighton; Whitlow, Mike] Arizona Cotton Res & Protect Council, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Fabrick, Jeffrey A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Tabashnik, BE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM brucet@cals.arizona.edu OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 FU USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture; ACRPC; Arizona Cotton Growers Association; Cotton Foundation; Cotton Inc.; National Cotton Council; Western IPM Center; Arizona Pest Management Center; Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences FX We thank N. Alphey, D. Crowder, F. Gould, W. Hutchison, S. Naranjo, G. Rosenthal, R.L. Smith and K.M. Wu for their thoughtful comments and assistance; and E. Miller, D. Parker, M. Krueger, N. Manhardt and Arizona Cotton Research and Protection Council (ACRPC) staff members for their contributions to the eradication program. This work was supported by funding from the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture program, ACRPC, Arizona Cotton Growers Association, Cotton Foundation, Cotton Inc., National Cotton Council, Western IPM Center, Arizona Pest Management Center, and Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences. NR 44 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1304 EP U119 DI 10.1038/nbt.1704 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 691NP UT WOS:000285088400026 PM 21057498 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, A Gobster, PH AF Jorgensen, Anna Gobster, Paul H. TI Shades of Green: Measuring the Ecology of Urban Green Space in the Context of Human Health and Well-Being SO NATURE + CULTURE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; green infrastructure; proxy measures; research mapping; scenario manipulation; urban ecological restoration ID LANDSCAPE PREFERENCE; COGNITIVE ANALYSIS; VISUAL PREFERENCE; PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; AREAS; SUSTAINABILITY; ENVIRONMENTS; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; NATURALNESS AB In this paper we review and analyze the recent research literature on urban green space and human health and well-being, with an emphasis on studies that attempt to measure biodiversity and other green space concepts relevant to urban ecological restoration. We first conduct a broad scale assessment of the literature to identify typologies of urban green space and human health and well-being measures, and use a research mapping exercise to detect research priorities and gaps. We then provide a more in-depth assessment of selected studies that use diverse and innovative approaches to measuring the more ecological aspects of urban green space and we evaluate the utility of these approaches in developing urban restoration principles and practices that are responsive to both human and ecological values. C1 [Jorgensen, Anna] Univ Sheffield, Dept Landscape, Sheffield S10 1FL, S Yorkshire, England. [Gobster, Paul H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Chicago, IL USA. RP Jorgensen, A (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Landscape, Crookesmoor Bldg,Conduit Rd, Sheffield S10 1FL, S Yorkshire, England. EM a.jorgensen@shef.ac.uk; pgobster@fs.fed.us RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 79 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 10 U2 118 PU BERGHAHN JOURNALS PI NEW YORK PA 150 BROADWAY, STE 812, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 1558-6073 J9 NAT CULT JI Nat. Cult. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 BP 338 EP 363 DI 10.3167/nc.2010.050307 PG 26 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 721XR UT WOS:000287391600007 ER PT J AU Larsen, DR Dey, DC Faust, T AF Larsen, David R. Dey, Daniel C. Faust, Thomas TI A Stocking Diagram for Midwestern Eastern Cottonwood-Silver Maple-American Sycamore Bottomland Forests SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE stand density; stocking diagram; silver maple; American sycamore; eastern cottonwood; average maximum density; bottomland forest; silviculture AB A stocking diagram for Midwestern bottomland eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marsh.)-silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.)-American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L) forests was developed following the methods of S.F. Gingrich (1967. Measuring and evaluating stocking and stand density in upland hardwood forests in the Central States. For. Sci. 13:38-53). The stocking diagram was derived from forest inventory data from two different studies of bottomland forests that covered a wide range of soil and hydrologic site characteristics found throughout the central Midwest, including Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, and southern Wisconsin. The minimum of full stocking (B-level) was determined from measurements on open-grown trees. The maximum of full stocking (A-level) in our study was almost one-third higher in stand basal area than A-level stocking, as determined by J.C.G. Goelz (1995. A stocking guide for southern bottomland hardwoods. South. J. Appl. For. 19:103-104) for southern hardwood bottomlands dominated by cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.), Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer), and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.,), or by C.C. Myers and R.G. Buchman (1984. Manager's handbook for elm-ash-cottonwood in the north central states. GTR-98. US Forest Service, North Central For. Exp. Stn., St. Paul, MN. 11 p) for elm (Ulmus spp.), ash (Fraxinus spp.), and eastern cottonwood forests in the north central states. However, A-level stocking in this study was only slightly higher than guides developed for northern red oak (Quercus rubra L) in Wisconsin (McGill, D.W., R. Rogers, A.J. Martin, and P.S. Johnson. 1999. Measuring stocking in northern red oak stands in Wisconsin. North. J. Appl. For. 16:144-150). Differences in stocking among these forest types are due to variation in species composition, species silvical characteristics, and possibly the data sources used to construct the stocking diagrams. This stocking diagram can be used by forest managers to make decisions related to stand stocking for management of eastern cottonwood, silver maple, and American sycamore bottomland forests in the Midwest. C1 [Larsen, David R.; Faust, Thomas] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Larsen, DR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 203 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM larsendr@missouri.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 132 EP 139 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 680TA UT WOS:000284256100002 ER PT J AU Butler, BJ Ma, Z Kittredge, DB Catanzaro, P AF Butler, Brett J. Ma, Zhao Kittredge, David B. Catanzaro, Paul TI Social versus Biophysical Availability of Wood in the Northern United States SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE timber harvesting; family forest owners; forest inventory; landowner survey ID FOREST OWNERS; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; TIMBER; MANAGEMENT; OBJECTIVES; INDUSTRIAL; ROUNDWOOD AB The availability of wood, be it harvested for sawlogs, pulpwood, biomass, or other products, is constrained by social and biophysical factors. Knowing the difference between social and biophysical availability is important for understanding what con realistically be extracted. This study focuses on the wood located in family forests across the northern United States. Family forest owners control 54% of the 7,685 million dry tons of wood in the region. To estimate availability, we begin with the total resource and then apply constraints related to slope, drainage, site productivity, tree size, size of forest holdings, distance to roads, harvesting restrictions, population pressures, and ownership attitudes. These constraints reduce wood availability significantly, by nearly two-thirds according to our calculations. The vast majority of this reduction is due to social factors, in particular owner attitudes. The greatest state-level reductions in wood availability are in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Rhode Island, all of which have estimated reductions of more than 75%. C1 [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ma, Zhao] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kittredge, David B.; Catanzaro, Paul] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kittredge, David B.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Butler, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bbutler01@fs.fed.us RI Ma, Zhao/M-7657-2013 OI Ma, Zhao/0000-0002-9103-3996 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 151 EP 159 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 680TA UT WOS:000284256100004 ER PT J AU Griffiths, RP Gray, AN Spies, TA AF Griffiths, Robert P. Gray, Andrew N. Spies, Thomas A. TI Soil Properties in Old-growth Douglas-fir Forest Gaps in the Western Cascade Mountains of Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION; FAGUS-SYLVATICA FOREST; LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; CEDAR-HEMLOCK FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; TROPICAL WET FOREST; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NUTRIENT RELEASE; BEECH FOREST; CANOPY GAPS AB This was a study of vegetation and soil properties in tree-fall gaps in a coniferous forest of the Pacific Northwest. It had three objectives: (1) to determine if there are correlations between above-ground vegetation and below-ground soil properties within large 50 m diameter gaps, (2) to determine how large gaps influence forest soils compared with non-gap soils, and (3) to measure the effects of differently sized gaps on gap soils. To address these objectives, circular canopy gaps were created in old-growth Douglas-fir forests of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the western Oregon Cascade Mountains. To address the first objective, within-gap soil spatial patterns were compared with above ground distributions of both vegetation and large woody debris in two large gaps. Spatial and Pearson correlation analyses showed no consistent correlations between soil characteristics and above ground vegetation and coarse woody debris. With reference to the second objective, statistically significant differences between gal) and non-gap soil characteristics were observed. Soil moisture, temperature and denitrification potentials were all elevated in forest 50 m diameter gaps and litter depth, labile C, soil respiration, beta-gluosidase activity, and ectomytcorrhizal mat concentrations were all reduced. Comparisons between north and south gap soils, showed significant differences in soil characteristics in one but not the other 50 m gap. The third objective was addressed by documenting gap size effects on differences between gap and non gal) soil characteristics in two gaps each of 10, 20, 30, and 50 m diameter. Differences between gap and nongap soil moisture, litter depth and ectomycorrhizal mat coverages were essentially the same regardless of gap size. Soil respiration rates and soil organic matter concentrations were similar in 10 m gaps but both lower in gaps 20 m and larger. C1 [Griffiths, Robert P.; Gray, Andrew N.; Spies, Thomas A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gray, Andrew N.; Spies, Thomas A.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffiths, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bob.griffiths@oregonstate.edu FU US Forest Service; USDA NRICGP [ORER-9600884]; National Science Foundation [BSR-9011663, BIO-9200809, DEB-9318502]; Long-Term Ecological Research program FX Rachel S. Heichen, Renee N. Gambell, and Claire K. Lunch collected the field data during the 1996 study and Trina Filan, Rebecca Myers, Karen Peterson, and Elaine Lai conducted the 1999 study. Lisa Ganio and Vicente Monleon helped design the statistical analyses. We also thank the US Forest Service, USDA NRICGP program (ORER-9600884), the National Science Foundation (BSR-9011663, BIO-9200809, and DEB-9318502), and the Long-Term Ecological Research program for financial support. This contribution is from the Andrews Experimental Research Group. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 29 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 84 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556BF UT WOS:000274561000004 ER PT J AU Hannon, PE D'Amore, DV Witter, DT Lamb, MB AF Hannon, Paul E. D'Amore, David V. Witter, Dustin T. Lamb, Melinda B. TI Influence of Forest Canopy and Snow on Microclimate in a Declining Yellow-cedar Forest of Southeast Alaska SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; COVER; LIDAR; SOIL; VEGETATION; TOLERANCE; TREES AB Site factors predispose yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis D. Don (Spach)) to a widespread climate-induced mortality in Southeast Alaska. We investigated the influence of canopy cover and snow on microclimate at two small watersheds across a range of declining yellow-cedar stands on Baranof and Chichagof Islands in Southeast Alaska. Two measures of canopy cover, derived from hemispherical photography and LiDAR, were correlated (r = 0.74 and 0.80) at the two sites; both had significant relationships (all R(2) >= 0.61) with basal area of live trees on plots. Reduced canopy cover increases soil warming in spring and leads to rapid changes in air temperature. There is also a positive feedback where the loss of tree overstory due to yellow-cedar mortality contributes to open, exposed site conditions. Variable patterns of snow depth in late winter and spring at one of the sites, documented with daily remote photography, were associated with elevation and cover. Dead trees predominate where lethal shallow soil temperatures occurred but not where snow buffers these temperatures because of existing snow pack. Canopy cover estimates, landscape analysis, and snow modeling could provide the components for a regional risk model to identify areas in Southeast Alaska that are suitable and unsuitable for future conservation and management of yellow-cedar. C1 [Hannon, Paul E.; D'Amore, David V.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hannon, PE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM phennon@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 84 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556BF UT WOS:000274561000008 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Parnell, LD Lai, CQ Arnett, DK Tsai, MY Kabagambe, EK Straka, RJ Province, M An, P Smith, CE Lee, YC Borecki, I Ordovas, JM AF Junyent, M. Parnell, L. D. Lai, C. -Q. Arnett, D. K. Tsai, M. Y. Kabagambe, E. K. Straka, R. J. Province, M. An, P. Smith, C. E. Lee, Y. -C. Borecki, I. Ordovas, J. M. TI ADAM17_i33708A > G polymorphism interacts with dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate obesity risk in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Gene-diet interaction; Obesity; BMI; HDL cholesterol; Insulin concentrations ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CONVERTING-ENZYME; YOUNG-ADULTS; EXPRESSION; GENES; DIFFERENTIATION; ASSOCIATION; VALIDATION AB Background and aims: The disintegrin and metalloproteinase ADAM 17, also known as tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme, is expressed in adipocytes. Importantly, elevated levels of ADAM17 expression have been linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of six ADAM17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (m1254A > G, i14121C > A, i33708A > G, 148827A > C, i53440C > T, and i62781 G > T) with insulin-resistance phenotypes and obesity risk, and their potential interactions with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Methods and results: ADAM 17 SNPs were genotyped in 936 subjects (448 men/488 women) who participated in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study. Anthropometrical and biochemical measurements were determined by standard procedures. PUFA intake was estimated using a validated questionnaire. G allele carriers at the ADAM17_m1254A > G polymorphism exhibited significantly higher risk of obesity (P = 0.003), were shorter (P = 0.017), had higher insulin (P = 0.016), and lower HDL-C concentrations (P = 0.027) than AA subjects. For the ADAM17 i33708A > G SNP, homozygotes for the A allele displayed higher risk of obesity (P = 0.001), were heavier (P = 0.011), had higher BMI (P = 0.005), and higher waist measurements (P = 0.023) than GG subjects. A significant gene-diet interaction was found (P = 0.030), in which the deleterious association of the i33708A allele with obesity was observed in subjects with low intakes from (n-6) PUFA (P < 0.001), whereas no differences in obesity risk were seen among subjects with high (n-6) PUFA intake (P > 0.5) Conclusion: These findings support that ADAM17 (m1254A > G and i33708A > G) SNPs may contribute to obesity risk. For the ADAM/7_133708A > G SNP, this risk may be further modulated by (n-6) PUFA intake. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Junyent, M.; Parnell, L. D.; Lai, C. -Q.; Smith, C. E.; Lee, Y. -C.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, D. K.; Kabagambe, E. K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Arnett, D. K.; Kabagambe, E. K.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tsai, M. Y.] Univ Minnesota, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Straka, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Province, M.; Borecki, I.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [An, P.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Junyent, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mireia.junyent@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524, HL-54776, DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [2007-1086]; [T32 DK007651-19] FX This work was supported by NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides, grants HL-54776 and DK075030, and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. M. Junyent is supported by a grant from the Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference 2007-1086). C. E. Smith is supported by the grant T32 DK007651-19. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 10 BP 698 EP 705 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.06.011 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 710BZ UT WOS:000286487200002 PM 19819120 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Zanovec, M Cho, SS Nicklas, TA AF O'Neil, Carol E. Zanovec, Michael Cho, Susan S. Nicklas, Theresa A. TI Whole grain and fiber consumption are associated with lower body weight measures in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Whole grains; Fiber; Overweight; Obesity; Adults; NHANES ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; DIETARY-INTAKE; REFINED-GRAIN; RISK-FACTORS; MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MEN; PATTERNS AB This study examined the association of whole grain consumption with body weight measures and prevalence of overweight/obesity in a recent, nationally representative sample of adults. A secondary analysis of 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data was conducted using adults 19 to 50 years of age (y) (n = 7,039) and 51+ y (n = 6,237). Participants were categorized by whole grain consumption: >= 0 to <0.6, >= 0.6 to <1.5, >= 1.5 to <3.0, and >= 3.0 servings/day. Main outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and prevalence of overweight/obesity. Sample weights were applied and the number and percentages of adults in whole grain consumption groups were determined. Least-square means and standard errors were calculated for body weight measures. Two regression models were developed and compared. Model 1 covariates included age, gender, ethnicity, and total energy intake; Model 2 was extended to include cereal fiber. Trend analysis was conducted to test for differences between least-square means. Significance was set at P <= .05. Adults 19-50 and 51+ y consumed a mean of 0.63 and 0.77 servings of whole grains/day, respectively. A significant trend was observed in both age groups for increased consumption of whole grains with lower BMI, WC, and percentage overweight/obese (Model 1); however, a significant trend was not observed when cereal fiber was added as a covariate (Model 2). Results confirm overall whole grain intake well below recommendations, and adults who consumed the most servings of whole grains had lower body weight measures. Results also suggest that fiber in whole grain foods may mediate associations with weight measures in adults. Intake of whole grain foods should be encouraged by health professionals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.; Zanovec, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cho, Susan S.] NutraSource, Clarksville, MD 21029 USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneill@lsu.edu FU Kellogg's Corporate; USDA [LAB 93951]; USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-003] FX This research was supported by funds from Kellogg's Corporate Citizenship Fund. Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Project LAB 93951 and a USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003. This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 56 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 12 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.10.013 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 701WC UT WOS:000285854900003 PM 21147364 ER PT J AU Dufour, BD Adeola, O Cheng, HW Donkin, SS Klein, JD Pajor, EA Garner, JP AF Dufour, Brett D. Adeola, Olayiwola Cheng, Heng-Wei Donkin, Shawn S. Klein, Jon D. Pajor, Edmond A. Garner, Joseph P. TI Nutritional up-regulation of serotonin paradoxically induces compulsive behavior SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE serotonin; dopamine; trichotillomania; skin-picking; barbering; ulcerative dermatitis ID ACUTE TRYPTOPHAN DEPLETION; SKIN-PICKING; PLASMA TRYPTOPHAN; LABORATORY MICE; BRAIN; TRICHOTILLOMANIA; DIET; PREVALENCE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PHENYLALANINE AB Dietary etiologies or treatments for complex mental disorder are highly controversial in psychiatry. Nevertheless, diet affects brain chemistry (particularly serotonin), and can reduce abnormal behavior in humans and animals. We formulated a diet that elevated brain serotonin and tested whether it would reduce hair pulling in a mouse model of trichotillomania. In a double-blind crossover trial, dietary elevation of brain serotonin unexpectedly increased hair pulling (P = 0.0006) and induced ulcerative dermatitis (UD; P = 0.001). The causative agent for UD is unknown. Therefore, we fed the treatment diet to a second group of mice to test whether UD is behavioral in origin. The diet increased scratching behavior (P < 0.0001). However, high scratching behavior (P = 0.027) and low barbering (P = 0.040) prior to treatment predicted the development of UD. Thus diet can trigger the onset of a complex disorder in the absence of an underlying metabolic deficit. Furthermore, we propose UD as model of compulsive skin-picking. C1 [Dufour, Brett D.; Adeola, Olayiwola; Donkin, Shawn S.; Klein, Jon D.; Garner, Joseph P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cheng, Heng-Wei] Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pajor, Edmond A.] Univ Calgary, Sch Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Garner, JP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 125 S Russell, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jgarner@purdue.edu RI Citations, TLC SAB/C-4006-2011; Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009; Dufour, Brett/G-8172-2014 OI Dufour, Brett/0000-0001-9370-6149 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 6 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1179/147683010X12611460764688 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 673OI UT WOS:000283672400002 PM 21040623 ER PT J AU Wilson, RR Blankenship, TL Hooten, MB Shivik, JA AF Wilson, Ryan R. Blankenship, Terry L. Hooten, Mevin B. Shivik, John A. TI Prey-mediated avoidance of an intraguild predator by its intraguild prey SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bobcat; Coexistence; Coyote; Intraguild predation; Spatial refuge ID HOME-RANGE; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; MICROHABITAT-SELECTION; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; HABITAT USE; COYOTES; RISK; ECOLOGY; OWL; COEXISTENCE AB Intraguild (IG) predation is an important factor influencing community structure, yet factors allowing coexistence of IG predator and IG prey are not well understood. The existence of spatial refuges for IG prey has recently been noted for their importance in allowing coexistence. However, reduction in basal prey availability might lead IG prey to leave spatial refuges for greater access to prey, leading to increased IG predation and fewer opportunities for coexistence. We determined how the availability of prey affected space-use patterns of bobcats (Lynx rufus, IG prey) in relation to coyote space-use patterns (Canis latrans, IG predators). We located animals from fall 2007 to spring 2009 and estimated bobcat home ranges and core areas seasonally. For each bobcat relocation, we determined intensity of coyote use, distance to water, small mammal biomass, and mean small mammal biomass of the home range during the season the location was collected. We built generalized linear mixed models and used Akaike Information Criteria to determine which factors best predicted bobcat space use. Coyote intensity was a primary determinant of bobcat core area location. In bobcat home ranges with abundant prey, core areas occurred where coyote use was low, but shifted to areas intensively used by coyotes when prey declined. High spatial variability in basal prey abundance allowed some bobcats to avoid coyotes while at the same time others were forced into more risky areas. Our results suggest that multiple behavioral strategies associated with spatial variation in basal prey abundance likely allow IG prey and IG predators to coexist. C1 [Wilson, Ryan R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Blankenship, Terry L.] Welder Wildlife Fdn, Sinton, TX 78387 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, USDA Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wilson, RR (reprint author), Wilderness Soc, 705 Christensen Dr, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM ryan.wilson@aggiemail.usu.edu OI Wilson, Ryan/0000-0001-7740-7771 FU Welder Wildlife Foundation; American Society of Mammalogists; USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the Welder Wildlife Foundation, American Society of Mammalogists, and USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center. We thank S.N. Glasscock for valuable discussion and the staff of the Welder Wildlife Foundation for support throughout. J. du Toit, E.M. Gese, J.A. Powell, and J.A. Bissonette, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank P. Darrow, S. Meggers, C. Burnett, J. Williams, M. Bales, and O. Chan for assistance in data collection. This is Welder Wildlife Foundation Publication Number 962. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 164 IS 4 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1797-8 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680XX UT WOS:000284271900008 PM 20953798 ER PT J AU Searle, KR Hobbs, NT Jaronski, ST AF Searle, Kate R. Hobbs, N. T. Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Asynchrony, fragmentation, and scale determine benefits of landscape heterogeneity to mobile herbivores (vol 163, pg 815, 2010) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 [Searle, Kate R.; Hobbs, N. T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Searle, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM krsearle@nrel.colostate.edu RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 164 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1131 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1716-z PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680XX UT WOS:000284271900027 ER PT J AU Stivaletta, N Barbieri, R Lopez-Garcia, P Boihem, L Mille, D AF Stivaletta, N. Barbieri, R. Lopez-Garcia, P. Boihem, L. Mille, D. TI Endolithic Microorganisms from Mound Evaporite Deposits (Southern Tunisia) SO ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF BIOSPHERES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stivaletta, N.; Barbieri, R.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geol Ambientali, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Lopez-Garcia, P.] CNRS, Unite Ecol Systemat & Evolut, UMR 8079, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Boihem, L.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Mille, D.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion/B-6775-2012 OI Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion/0000-0002-0927-0651 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-6149 J9 ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B JI Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 6 SI SI BP 536 EP 537 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 691GX UT WOS:000285069400029 ER PT J AU Baravalle, ME Thompson, C de Echaide, ST Palacios, C Valentini, B Suarez, CE Christensen, MF Echaide, I AF Baravalle, M. E. Thompson, C. Torioni de Echaide, S. Palacios, C. Valentini, B. Suarez, C. E. Florin Christensen, M. Echaide, I. TI The novel protein BboRhop68 is expressed by intraerythrocytic stages of Babesia bovis SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Apicomplexa; Rhoptry; BboRhop68 ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IN-VITRO; EPITOPES; LOCALIZATION; CULTIVATION; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE; CATTLE AB The apical complex of intracellular hemoparasites contains organelles like micronemes and rhoptries specialized structures required for adherence and invasion of host cells Several molecules discharged from rhoptries have been identified from Plasmodium spp but only a single rhoptry associated protein 1 (RAP-1) has been characterized from Babesia bows In silico search of the B bows genome allowed to identifying a sequence homologous to the gene that encodes a P falciparum rhoptry protein PfRhop148 The intron-less 1830 bp novel gene predicted a 68 kDa protein and it was highly conserved among different B bows strains and Isolates The deducted protein from the B bows T2Bo strain named BboRhop68 showed two putative transmembrane domains at least seven B cell epitopes and a well conserved DUF501 super family domain The bborhop68 gene was amplified analyzed and compared among different B bows strains and isolates showing overall high sequence conservation A fragment of bborhop68 was expressed as a recombinant fusion protein (rBboRhop68) The mice anti-rBboRhop68 serum identified the novel protein in intraerythrocytic trophozoites and merozoites by WB and ELISA but not in free merozoites Sera from naturally and experimentally infected bovines also recognized BboRhop68 suggesting that it is expressed and immunogenic during B bows infection Fluorescence microscopy analysis using anti-rBboRhop68 antibodies showed a rod structure associated to trophozoites and merozoites infected erythrocytes but this pattern of reactivity was not observed in free merozoites The BboRhop68 was also not detected in ELISA based on solubilized merozoites Thus at least three independent lines of evidence support differential expression of BboRhop68 in intraerythrocytic stages of B bows and its possible functional role immediately after B bows erythrocyte invasion The results of this work suggest that BboRhop68 could be considered as a novel additional target for developing improved methods to control bovine babesiosis (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Baravalle, M. E.; Thompson, C.; Torioni de Echaide, S.; Valentini, B.; Echaide, I.] INTA, EEA Rafaela, RA-2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Palacios, C.] Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Dr Cesar Milstein Ciudad Au, RA-2468 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Suarez, C. E.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ADBF WSU 3003, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Florin Christensen, M.] INTA, Inst Patobiol Reseros & Nicolas Repetto, Ctr Nacl Invest Ciencias Vet & Agron, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Baravalle, M. E.; Florin Christensen, M.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Echaide, I (reprint author), INTA, EEA Rafaela, CC 22, RA-2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. FU National University of Cordoba Argentina; EC [INCO 0003691 MEDLABAB]; ANPCyT [PICT 00054]; TCP INTA EEA Rafaela-Asoc Coop [426100] FX We thank veterinarian Mariano Ferreira for field experiments collaboration to Dr Ariel Amadio for bioinformatics supports to Paola Amherdt for technical assistance with IFAT analysis and to Dr W L Goff for the B boos T2Bo strain We also thank to Dr Jose M Pellegrino for the support work with the confocal microscopy The scientific support of the Biological Science Doctorate Program of the National University of Cordoba Argentina is gratefully acknowledged The study was supported by EC (INCO 0003691 MEDLABAB) ANPCyT (PICT 00054) and TCP INTA EEA Rafaela-Asoc Coop 426100 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 59 IS 4 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2010.07.008 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 681GV UT WOS:000284300300013 PM 20691808 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, J. A. TI Variable responses of mesophyll conductance to substomatal carbon dioxide concentration in common bean and soybean SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; light; Phaseolus vulgaris; temperature ID INTERNAL CONDUCTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CO2 DIFFUSION; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; ACCLIMATION; MODEL; WATER AB Some reports indicate that mesophyll conductance (g (m)) to carbon dioxide varies greatly with the substomatal carbon dioxide concentration (C (i)) during the measurement, while other reports indicate little or no change in g (m) with C (i). I used the oxygen sensitivity of photosynthesis to determine the response of g (m) to C (i) over the range of about 100 to 300 mu mol mol(-1) C (i) at constant temperature in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max) grown over a range of temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD). In soybean grown and measured at high PPFD there was only a slight, approximately 15% decrease in g (m) with C (i) over the range of 100 to 300 mu mol mol(-1). With lower PPFD during the measurement of g (m), and especially with low PPFD during plant growth, there was a larger decrease in g (m) with C (i) in soybean. In common bean, the same range in C (i) resulted in about a 60% decrease in g (m) for plants grown and measured at high PPFD, with an even larger decrease for plants at low growth or measurement PPFD. Growth temperatures of 20 to 30A degrees C had little influence on the response of g (m) to C (i) or its absolute value in either species. It is concluded that these two species differed substantially in the sensitivity of g (m) to C (i), and that PPFD but not temperature during leaf development strongly affected the response of g (m) to C (i). C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s11099-010-0067-7 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 705FU UT WOS:000286115100004 ER PT J AU Cai, J Hacke, U Zhang, SX Tyree, MT AF Cai, Jing Hacke, Uwe Zhang, Shuoxin Tyree, Melvin T. TI What happens when stems are embolized in a centrifuge? Testing the cavitron theory SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID MEASURING XYLEM CAVITATION; VULNERABILITY CURVES; EFFICIENCY; PRESSURE; DIAMETER; CONIFERS; SAFETY; PLANTS; ANGIOSPERMS; RESISTANCE AB Vulnerability curves (VCs) measure the ability of vessels to retain metastable water without embolisms that lower the hydraulic conductivity of stems. The fastest method of measuring VCs is the centrifuge technique and the Cochard cavitron is a method that allows measurement of hydraulic conductivity of stems while they are spinning. This paper describes the pattern of embolism that results after spinning the stems of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula xP. tremuloides) and two hybrid cottonwoods (P38P38 P. balsamifera xP. simonii and Northwest, which is a hybrid of P. deltoides xP. balsamifera). It is recognized that the pattern of embolism induced in a centrifuge ought to differ from the pattern during natural dehydration of plants because the profiles of tension vs distance greatly differ under the two modes of inducing stress. The pattern of embolism was visualized by a staining technique and quantified by traditional measurements of percentage loss conductivity (PLC) performed on subsample segments excised from spun stems. We found a pattern of embolism approximating that expected from theory: (1) PLC near the axis of rotation exceeded the average; (2) PLC was quite high near the ends of the stems, even though tension ought to be zero; (3) large vessels cavitated before small vessels; (4) more embolism occurred near the base than near the apex of the stems. However, we could not always scale up from subsample conductivity and PLC to whole-stem conductivity. This pattern of embolism is interpreted in terms of vessel diameter and vessel length. C1 [Cai, Jing; Hacke, Uwe; Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Cai, Jing; Zhang, Shuoxin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Tyree, Melvin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM mtyree@ales.ualberta.ca RI Hacke, Uwe/M-7719-2015 OI Hacke, Uwe/0000-0001-5983-3582 FU Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Discovery Grant; Alberta Forestry Research Institute; Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta; United States Forest Service; China Scholarship Council FX We thank Adriana Arango for measuring the native PLC in P38P38 hybrid cottonwood and David Galvez for spinning the segments of hybrid cottonwoods (P38P38 and Northwest) to about 96% loss of conductivity. This research was made possible by research grants from the Canadian Forest Service, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Discovery Grant, Alberta Forestry Research Institute, the Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant, and the endowment funds from the Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. M. T. T. wishes to thank the United States Forest Service for salary support while doing work at the University of Alberta. J. C. wishes to thank the China Scholarship Council for shouldering the travel costs to Canada and the Northwest A&F University for granting her leave from teaching duties to work at the University of Alberta as a visiting professor for 2 years. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 4 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01402.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 678HX UT WOS:000284065800001 PM 20663083 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Barta, C Byers, JA Canarini, A AF Salvucci, Michael E. Barta, Csengele Byers, John A. Canarini, Alberto TI Photosynthesis and assimilate partitioning between carbohydrates and isoprenoid products in vegetatively active and dormant guayule: physiological and environmental constraints on rubber accumulation in a semiarid shrub SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; NIGHT TEMPERATURE; WATER-STRESS; GROWTH; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LATEX; POLYISOPRENE; METABOLISM; EXTRACTION AB The stems and roots of the semiarid shrub guayule, Parthenium argentatum, contain a significant amount of natural rubber. Rubber accumulates in guayule when plants are vegetatively and reproductively dormant, complicating the relationship between growth/reproduction and product synthesis. To evaluate the factors regulating the partitioning of carbon to rubber, carbon assimilation and partitioning were measured in guayule plants that were grown under simulated summer- and winter-like conditions and under winter-like conditions with CO(2) enrichment. These conditions were used to induce vegetatively active and dormant states and to increase the source strength of vegetatively dormant plants, respectively. Rates of CO(2) assimilation, measured under growth temperatures and CO(2), were similar for plants grown under summer- and winter-like conditions, but were higher with elevated CO(2). After 5 months, plants grown under summer-like conditions had the greatest aboveground biomass, but the lowest levels of non-structural carbohydrates and rubber. In contrast, the amount of resin in the stems was similar under all growth conditions. Emission of biogenic volatile compounds was more than three-fold higher in plants grown under summer- compared with winter-like conditions. Taken together, the results show that guayule plants maintain a high rate of photosynthesis and accumulate non-structural carbohydrates and rubber in the vegetatively dormant state, but emit volatile compounds at a lower rate when compared with more vegetatively active plants. Enrichment with CO(2) in the vegetatively dormant state increased carbohydrate content but not the amount of rubber, suggesting that partitioning of assimilate to rubber is limited by sink strength in guayule. C1 [Salvucci, Michael E.; Barta, Csengele; Byers, John A.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Canarini, Alberto] Univ Bologna, Dept Evolutionary & Expt Biol, Bologna, Italy. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 4 BP 368 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01409.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 678HX UT WOS:000284065800006 PM 20727105 ER PT J AU Upchurch, RG Ramirez, ME AF Upchurch, Robert G. Ramirez, Martha E. TI Defense-related gene expression in soybean leaves and seeds inoculated with Cercospora kikuchii and Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soybean: basal defense; Glycine max; Defense-related genes; Pathogenesis-related genes; Quantitative RT-PCR; Leaves; Detached seeds ID REAL-TIME PCR; STEM CANKER; PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INHERITANCE; DISEASE; INFECTION; CULTIVARS; PI-80837 AB Soybean leaves and detached seeds were inoculated with either Cercospora kikuchii or Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis in order to characterize the defense responses of these tissues to fungal infection. By comparing and contrasting the expression of 15 soybean defense-related genes in the two tissues during a 48 h post infection period, we found that pathogen concentrations and gene expression patterns were substantially different for inoculated leaves and seeds of the susceptible cultivar Holladay, but for each tissue a generally similar pattern of expression was observed with either pathogen treatment. In leaves inoculated with C. kikuchii or D. phaseolorum, 14/15 or 8/15 defense-related genes were significantly upregulated, respectively, including the notably strong upregulation of PR3 (chitinase 1) and PR10 (ribonuclease-like protein) by both pathogens. In leaves, the pathogen concentrations declined during the 48 hpi period. In seeds inoculated with either C. kikuchii or D. phaseolorum, 7/15 or 6/15 genes were significantly upregulated, but PR3 and PPO (polyphenol oxidase) were not significantly upregulated or not detected with either pathogen treatment, while PR10 was significantly upregulated only in seeds inoculated with D. phaseolorum. Pathogen concentrations in seeds did not decline, but increased over the 48 hpi period. Our results suggest that differences between the numbers and types of defense genes upregulated in the two inoculated tissues may explain, at least partially, the decline in leaves and the increase in seeds of the pathogen quantities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Upchurch, Robert G.; Ramirez, Martha E.] N Carolina State Univ, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg.upchurch@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.08.007 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 689QF UT WOS:000284942600009 ER PT J AU Kowalska, M Galuszka, P Frebortova, J Sebela, M Beres, T Hluska, T Smehilova, M Bilyeu, KD Frebort, I AF Kowalska, Marta Galuszka, Petr Frebortova, Jitka Sebela, Marek Beres, Tibor Hluska, Tomas Smehilova, Maria Bilyeu, Kristin D. Frebort, Ivo TI Vacuolar and cytosolic cytokinin dehydrogenases of Arabidopsis thaliana Heterologous expression, purification and properties SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; Pichia pastoris expression system; Electron acceptor; Substrate specificity; Vacuolar sorting signal; Cytokinin dehydrogenase ID BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; DEGRADATION; PROTEINS; MAIZE; OXIDASE; OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE; METABOLISM; GENES AB The catabolism of cytokinins is a vital component of hormonal regulation contributing to the control of active forms of cytokinins and their cellular distribution The enzyme catalyzing the irreversible cleavage of N-6-side chains from cytokinins is a flavoprotein classified as cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX EC 1 5 99 12) CKXs also show low cytokinin oxidase activity but molecular oxygen is a comparatively poor electron acceptor The CKX gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana comprises seven members Four code for proteins secreted to the apoplast the remainder are not secreted Two are targeted to the vacuoles and one is restricted to the cytosol This study presents the purification and characterization of each of these non-secreted CKX enzymes and substrate specificities are discussed with respect to their compartmentation Vacuolar enzymes AtCKX1 and AtCKX3 were produced in Pichia pastoris and cytosolic enzyme AtCKX7 was expressed in Escherichia colt The recombinant proteins were purified by column chromatography All enzymes preferred synthetic electron acceptors over oxygen namely potassium ferricyanide and 2 3-dimetoxy-5-methyl-1 4-benzoquinone (Q(0)) In slightly acidic conditions (pH 5 0) N-6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-glucoside (iP9G) was the best substrate for AtCKX1 and AtCKX7 whereas AtCKX3 preferentially degraded N-6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine 9-riboside-5'-monophosphate (iPMP) Moreover vacuolar AtCKX( enzymes in certain conditions degraded N-6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine di- and triphosphates two to five times more effectively than its monophosphate (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Kowalska, Marta; Galuszka, Petr; Sebela, Marek; Hluska, Tomas; Smehilova, Maria; Frebort, Ivo] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Frebortova, Jitka; Beres, Tibor] Palacky Univ, Lab Growth Regulators, Fac Sci, Inst Exptl Bot, Acad Sci, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kowalska, M (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. RI Smehilova, Maria/C-9673-2010; Frebortova, Jitka/H-2435-2014; Beres, Tibor/G-9730-2014; Smehilova, Maria/B-8493-2015; OI Smehilova, Maria/0000-0003-2879-1062; HLUSKA, Tomas/0000-0002-1854-3949 FU Czech Science Foundation (GACR) [522/08/H003]; Ministry of Education Youth and Sports [MSM6198959216] FX This study was supported by research grants from the Czech Science Foundation (GACR) 522/08/H003 and the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports MSM6198959216 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 2010 VL 71 IS 17-18 BP 1970 EP 1978 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.08.013 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 694UW UT WOS:000285325500004 PM 20825956 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Neff, SA Gloer, JB Khan, SI Tabanca, N De Lucca, AJ Wedge, DE AF Sobolev, Victor S. Neff, Scott A. Gloer, James B. Khan, Shabana I. Tabanca, Nurhayat De Lucca, Anthony J. Wedge, David E. TI Pterocarpenes elicited by Aspergillus caelatus in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Peanuts; Groundnuts; Arachis hypogaea; Leguminosae; Fabaceae; Pterocarpene; Aracarpene; Structure elucidation; NMR; HPLC-MS; Antibacterial ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ERYTHRINA-POEPPIGIANA; STILBENE PHYTOALEXINS; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ISOFLAVONOIDS; APOPTOSIS; ERYCRISTAGALLIN; ANTIMALARIAL; INHIBITION; SUBUMBRANS AB The substituted pterocarpenes named aracarpene-1 (1) and aracarpene-2 (2) were isolated from wounded peanut seeds challenged by a strain of Aspergillus caelatus The structures of these putative phytoalexins were determined by interpretation of NMR and MS data The aracarpenes were investigated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities as well as antioxidant anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities in mammalian cells Aracarpene-2 demonstrated high antibacterial properties against tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria whereas aracarpene-1 displayed low antibacterial properties against the same bacteria Both compounds had no antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus Together with peanut stilbenoids that are also produced in the challenged seeds these compounds may represent a class of low-molecular weight peanut metabolites with a defensive role(s) against pathogenic microorganisms Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Sobolev, Victor S.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Neff, Scott A.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Khan, Shabana I.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [De Lucca, Anthony J.] Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0718315]; USDA; ARS; NPURU FX The authors thank Dr B Horn for the A caelatus NRRL 25528 strain and Dr C Chen for a sample of peanut seeds Support for the Iowa group from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0718315) is gratefully appreciated The authors also thank Ms J Linda Robertson Ms Ramona Pace and Ms Xiaoning Wang for assistance with the antifungal assay and Mr John Trott Mr Paul Bates and Ms Katherine Martin for bioassays for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities USDA, ARS NPURU financial support is appreciated NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 2010 VL 71 IS 17-18 BP 2099 EP 2107 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.09.018 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 694UW UT WOS:000285325500018 PM 21030054 ER PT J AU Lu, SW Platz, GJ Edwards, MC Friesen, TL AF Lu, Shunwen Platz, Gregory J. Edwards, Michael C. Friesen, Timothy L. TI Mating Type Locus-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Markers for Differentiation of Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata, the Causal Agents of Barley Net Blotch SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating type genes molecular diagnostics ID REAL-TIME PCR; GENETIC-VARIATION; RAPD MARKERS; MAJOR GENES; SPOT; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; GRAMINEA AB Lu S Platz G J Edwards M C and Friesen T L 2010 Mating type locus specific polymerase chain reaction markers for differentiation of Pyrenophora teres f teres and P teres f maculata the causal agents of barley net blotch Phytopathology 100 1298-1306 Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at the mating type (MAT) loci of Pyrenophora teres f teres (Ptt) which causes net form (NF) net blotch and P tens f maculata (Ptm) which causes spot form (SF) net blotch of barley MAT specific SNP primers were developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the two forms were differentiated by distinct PCR products PttMATI 1 (1 143 bp) and PttMATI 2 (1 421 bp) for NF MAT1 1 and MATI 2 isolates PanMATI (194 bp) and PtmMAT1 2 (939 bp) for SF MAT1 1 and MAT1 2 isolates respectively Specificity was validated using 37 NF and 17 SF isolates collected from different geographic regions Both MAT1 and MAT1 2 SNP primers retained respective specificity when used in duplex PCR No cross reactions were observed with DNA from P graminea P trawl repent is or other ascomycetes or barley Single or mixed infections of the two different forms were also differentiated This study provides the first evidence that the limited SNPs at the MAT locus are sufficient for distinguishing closely related heterothallic ascomycetes at subspecies levels thus allowing pathogenicity and mating type characteristics of the fungus to be determined simultaneously Methods presented will facilitate pathogen detection disease management and epidemiological studies C1 [Lu, Shunwen; Edwards, Michael C.; Friesen, Timothy L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Platz, Gregory J.] Agri Sci Queensland Hermitage Res Stn, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. RP Lu, SW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. FU USDA ARS CRIS [5442 21000 033 00D, 5442 22000 043 00D] FX We thank contributors who provided the fungal isolates or genomic DNA samples indicated in Supplemental Table 1 We also thank R Lindgren and D Holmes for technical assistance and J Fans and M Bolton for reviewing the manuscript This study was supported by USDA ARS CRIS projects 5442 21000 033 00D and 5442 22000 043 00D NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 1298 EP 1306 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.05.10.0135 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 693NP UT WOS:000285231100004 PM 20731534 ER PT J AU Braun, SE Castrillo, LA Sanderson, JP Daughtrey, ML Wraight, SP AF Braun, Sarah E. Castrillo, Louela A. Sanderson, John P. Daughtrey, Margery L. Wraight, Stephen P. TI Transstadial Transmission of Pythium in Bradysia impatiens and Lack of Adult Vectoring Capacity SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS GNATS; DISEASE BACTERIUM; SHORE FLIES; MOTH FLIES; SCIARIDAE; DIPTERA; APHANIDERMATUM; GREENHOUSE; RETENTION; DISPERSAL AB Braun S E Castrillo L A Sanderson J P Daughtrey M L and Wraight S P 2010 Transstadial transmission of Pythium in Bradysia impatiens and lack of adult vectoring capacity Phytopathology 100 1307 1314 Fungus gnats have been shown to transmit a variety of plant pathogenic fungi that produce aerial dispersal stages However few studies have examined potential interactions between fungus gnats and oomycetes including Pythium spp A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether fungus gnat adults are vectors of several common greenhouse Pythium spp including Pythium aphant dermatum P irregulare and P ultimum An additional objective was determine whether P aphanidermatum can be maintained transstadially in the gut of a fungus gnat larva through the pupal stadium to be transmitted by the subsequent adult Adult fungus gnats did not pick up infectious Pythium propagules from diseased plants and transmit them to healthy plants in any experiment Species specific primers and a probe for real time polymerase chain reaction were developed to detect the presence of P aphanidermatum DNA in fungus gn it tissue samples P aphanidermatum DNA was detectable in the larval and pupal stages however none was detected in adult fungus gnus These results are in agreement with previous studies that have suggested that adult fungus gnats are unlikely vectors of Pythium spp C1 [Braun, Sarah E.; Castrillo, Louela A.; Sanderson, John P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Daughtrey, Margery L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wraight, Stephen P.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Braun, SE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Plant Protection Research Unit [58 1907 5 555, 58 1907 4 447]; Cornell University Department of Entomology Ithaca NY [58 1907 5 555, 58 1907 4 447]; USDA ARS; NSF; Grace H Griswold Endowment Grant FX We thank E Nelson of Cornell University for providing strains of P aphanidermatum and P ultimum and M Ramos and K C Bennett for technical support This research was funded in part through Specific Cooperative Agreements between the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Plant Protection Research Unit and the Cornell University Department of Entomology Ithaca NY (Specific Cooperative Agreements 58 1907 5 555 and 58 1907 4 447) funded by the USDA ARS as part of the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative Additional funding came from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a Grace H Griswold Endowment Grant to S E Braun NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 1307 EP 1314 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.04.10.0117 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 693NP UT WOS:000285231100005 PM 20718667 ER PT J AU Stockwell, VO Johnson, KB Sugar, D Loper, JE AF Stockwell, V. O. Johnson, K. B. Sugar, D. Loper, J. E. TI Control of Fire Blight by Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 and Pantoea vagans C9-1 Applied as Single Strains and Mixed Inocula SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biolog; Phenotype; Microarray; Erwinia herbicola; Malus; Pantoea agglomerans pome fruit; Pyrus stigma ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; PEAR BLOSSOMS; BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS; IN-VITRO; HERBICOLA; AGGLOMERANS; FLOWERS; ESTABLISHMENT AB Stockwell V O Johnson K B Sugar D, and Loper J E 2010 Control of fire blight by Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 and Pantoea vagans C9 1 applied as single strains and mixed inocula Phytopathology 100 1330 1339 The biological control agents Pseudomonas fluorescent A506 and Pantoea vagans C9 I were evaluated individually and in combination for the suppression of fire blight of pear or apple in 10 field trials inoculated with the pathogen Erwinia amylovora The formulation of pathogen inoculum applied to blossoms influenced establishment of the pathogen and the efficacy of biological control Pantoea vagans C9 1 suppressed fire blight in all five trials in which the pathogen was applied as lyophilized cells but in none of the trials in which the pathogen was applied as freshly harvested cells In contrast Pseudomonas fluorescent A506 reduced disease significantly in only one trial A mixture of the two strains also suppressed fire blight but the magnitude of disease suppression over all field trials (averaging 32%) was less than that attained by C9 1 alone (42%) The two biological control agents did not antagonize one another on blossom surfaces and application of the mixture of A506 and C9 1 to blossoms resulted in a greater proportion of flowers having detectable populations of at least one bacterial antagonist than the application of individual strains Therefore the mixture of A506 and C9-1 provided less disease control than expected based upon the epiphytic population sizes of the antagonists on blossom surfaces We speculate that the biocontrol mixture was less effective than anticipated due to incompatibility between the mechanisms by which A506 and C9 1 suppress disease C1 [Stockwell, V. O.; Johnson, K. B.; Loper, J. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sugar, D.] Oregon State Univ, So Oregon Res & Extens Ctr, Medford, OR 97502 USA. [Loper, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Stockwell, VO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) [93 37303 9037, 92 34201 7225, 2006 03857, 2007 03034] FX We thank S Carnegie N Chaney M Henkels C Neuman and D Pitkin for excellent technical assistance and D Anderson L M Anderson M Boehm C Bull J Costa J Hanus A Muehlchen and S Shockley Job for assisting in experiments estimating bacterial populations in field samples This study was supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Pilot Test Program USDA-NRI 93 37303 9037 USDA CSREES Western Region IPM 92 34201 7225 and 2006 03857 USDA-CSREES Crops at Risk 2007 03034 and the Winter Pear Control Committee NR 46 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 1330 EP 1339 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.03.10.0097 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 693NP UT WOS:000285231100008 PM 20839963 ER PT J AU Shen, WS Lin, XG Shi, WM Min, J Gao, N Zhang, HY Yin, R He, XH AF Shen, Weishou Lin, Xiangui Shi, Weiming Min, Ju Gao, Nan Zhang, Huayong Yin, Rui He, Xinhua TI Higher rates of nitrogen fertilization decrease soil enzyme activities, microbial functional diversity and nitrification capacity in a Chinese polytunnel greenhouse vegetable land SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Carbon source utilization; Cucumis sativus; Microbial diversity indices; Land use change and excess N input; Soil chemical properties and enzyme activities; Solanum lycopersicum ID LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; USE EFFICIENCY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; NITRATE; PLANT; SUPPRESSIVENESS AB Little is known about effects of high nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil chemical properties, enzyme and microbial activities involved in N and C transformation. Soil EC, pH, mineral N, three enzyme activities, nitrification capacity, and microbial functional diversity were evaluated under conventional N rate (270 or 300 kg N ha(-1) season(-1), N4), 80% (N3), 60% (N2), 40% (N1) and 0% (N0) of N4 during a 2-year cucumber/tomato rotation in polytunnel greenhouse lands in Eastern China. Soil EC, NH (4) (+) -N and NO (3) (-) -N were significantly increased, whilst pH, activities of dehydrogenase, urease and neutral phosphatase, nitrification capacity, and microbial functional diversity decreased significantly with N application rate. Microbial diversity indices deducted from the C-source utilization pattern were significantly lower under the highest N4 rate in the same vegetable season, but varied with seasons among N rates. Both principal component analysis and C substrate utilization patterns displayed significant separation of soil microbial communities between the higher N4 or N3 and the lower N0, N1 and N2 rates. Our results indicated that a 40% reduction of the conventional N fertilization rate was practical to reduce excess N input while maintaining the sustainability of such greenhouse-based intensive vegetable systems in China's Yangtze River Delta. C1 [Shen, Weishou; Lin, Xiangui; Shi, Weiming; Min, Ju; Gao, Nan; Zhang, Huayong; Yin, Rui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Shen, Weishou] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Environm Sci, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. [He, Xinhua] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [He, Xinhua] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [He, Xinhua] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Lin, XG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM xglin@mail.issas.ac.cn; xinhua@cyllene.uwa.edu.au RI shi, weiming/F-2176-2013; He, Xinhua/B-8047-2015 OI He, Xinhua/0000-0002-5570-3454 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [Kzcx2-yw-408]; Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2006BAD17B03]; Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China [09KJB210003] FX This work was supported by a Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Kzcx2-yw-408), Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period (2006BAD17B03) and Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (09KJB210003). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Hans Lambers, the Responsible Editor of Plant and Soil, for their valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 62 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2010 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0511-2 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 679KI UT WOS:000284159900010 ER PT J AU St Laurent, A Merwin, IA Fazio, G Thies, JE Brown, MG AF St Laurent, Angelika Merwin, Ian A. Fazio, Gennaro Thies, Janice E. Brown, Michael G. TI Rootstock genotype succession influences apple replant disease and root-zone microbial community composition in an orchard soil SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Apple replant problem; Clonal rootstocks; Soil microbial consortia; Disease suppressive soil ID X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; GEN. NOV.; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA; TREE GROWTH; RHIZOSPHERE; FUMIGATION; SUPPRESSION; POPULATION; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY AB Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease complex that affects young apple trees in replanted orchards, resulting in stunted growth and reduced yields. Newly developed rootstock genotypes with tolerance to ARD may help to control this disease. We determined the effects of rootstock genotype rotations during orchard renovation, by investigating root-zone soil microbial consortia and the relative severity of ARD on seven rootstock genotypes (M.9, M.26, G.30, G.41, G.65, G.935, and CG.6210) planted in soil where trees on four of those same rootstocks (M.9, M.26, G.30 and CG.6210) had grown for the previous 15 years. Rootstock genotyping indicated that genetic distances among rootstocks were loosely correlated with their differential responses to ARD. Root-zone fungal and bacterial community composition, assessed by DNA fingerprinting (T-RFLP), differed between M.26 and CG.6210. Soil bacterial communities were influenced most by which rootstock had grown in the soil previously, while fungal communities were influenced more by the current replanted rootstock. In a clone library of bacteria from M.26 and CG.6210 root-zone soil, beta-Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (25% of sequences). Sequences representing the Burkholderia cepacia complex were obtained only from CG.6210 soil. Rootstock genotypes that were grown in the orchard soil previously affected subsequent ARD severity, but replanting with the same or closely related rootstocks did not necessarily exacerbate this disease problem. Our results suggest that genotype-specific interactions with soil microbial consortia are linked with apple rootstock tolerance or susceptibility to ARD. C1 [Merwin, Ian A.; Brown, Michael G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [St Laurent, Angelika; Thies, Janice E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fazio, Gennaro] USDA ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Merwin, IA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM im13@cornell.edu RI Thies, Janice/A-5074-2014 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2010 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0522-z PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 679KI UT WOS:000284159900019 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Zhao, XW AF Mazzola, Mark Zhao, Xiaowen TI Brassica juncea seed meal particle size influences chemistry but not soil biology-based suppression of individual agents inciting apple replant disease SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Biofumigation; Brassica seed meal; Disease control; Mode of action ID ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RHIZOCTONIA DAMPING-OFF; GREEN MANURES; PYTHIUM SPP.; POTATO DISEASES; CONTAINER MEDIA; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENS AB Apple replant disease is incited by a pathogen complex composed of multiple fungal, oomycete and nematode species. Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 can be a significant component of this complex and is effectively suppressed via multiple functional mechanisms in response to Brassica juncea seed meal (SM) amendment. These mechanisms include those of both a biological and chemical nature. The effect of seed meal particle size on the operation of these mechanisms and the resulting capacity of B. juncea SM to suppress R. solani and other components of the pathogen complex that incites replant disease of apple was examined in this study. Emission of ally isothiocyanate (AITC) from B. juncea SM-amended soil was initiated earlier and reached higher maximal concentrations in soils amended with fine particle (< 1 mm dia) than coarse particle (2-4 mm dia) size SM. This corresponded with the level of disease suppression obtained when R. solani AG-5 and SM at a rate of 0.3% (wt/wt) were introduced concurrently into soils and planted to apple; fine particle size but not coarse particle size B. juncea SM suppressed apple root infection. At the same rate, Pratylenchus penetrans and Pythium spp. were effectively controlled by B. juncea SM applications irrespective of SM particle size. AITC emission from B. juncea SM-amended soils was completed within 72 h post amendment, even at an application rate as high as 1.0% (wt/wt). In both fine and coarse particle size B. juncea SM-amended soils, populations of resident Streptomyces spp. were elevated approximately five to ten-fold at 8 weeks post-application relative to the non-treated control soil. When soil was infested with R. solani AG-5 subsequent to this 8 week incubation period and planted to apple, B. juncea SM amendments effectively suppressed Rhizoctonia root rot irrespective of SM particle size. Relative R. solani AG-5 apple root infection as determined by culture-based methods and a qPCR method developed in these studies was consistently similar across experiments. These findings demonstrate that particle size will affect the efficacy of B. juncea SM soil amendment for the control of R. solani AG-5, but will do so only through effects on chemistry-and not biologically-based mechanisms of pathogen suppression. C1 [Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Zhao, Xiaowen] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mark.mazzola@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CSREES FX We are grateful for the technical assistance of S. K. Ivanov, and I. Zasada for critical review of the manuscript. This work was funded in part through a grant to M. Mazzola from the USDA CSREES Integrated Organic Grants Program. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2010 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0529-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 679KI UT WOS:000284159900023 ER PT J AU van Eck, L Schultz, T Leach, JE Scofield, SR Peairs, FB Botha, AM Lapitan, NLV AF van Eck, Leon Schultz, Thia Leach, Jan E. Scofield, Steven R. Peairs, Frank B. Botha, Anna-Maria Lapitan, Nora L. V. TI Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY53 and an inducible phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in wheat reduces aphid resistance SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE functional genomics; virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS); RNA interference (RNAi); plant-insect interactions; Triticum aestivum; Diuraphis noxia ID STRIPE-MOSAIC-VIRUS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; RUSSIAN WHEAT; DEFENSE RESPONSES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; EXPRESSION PROFILES; RNA INTERFERENCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; PLANT DEFENSE AB Although several wheat genes differentially expressed during the Russian wheat aphid resistance response have recently been identified, their requirement for and specific role in resistance remain unclear. Progress in wheat-aphid interaction research is hampered by inadequate collections of mutant germplasm and difficulty in transforming hexaploid wheat. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology is emerging as a viable reverse genetics approach in cereal crops. However, the potential of VIGS for determining aphid defence gene function in wheat has not been evaluated. We report on the use of recombinant barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) to target and silence a WRKY53 transcription factor and an inducible phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene, both predicted to contribute to aphid defence in a genetically resistant wheat line. After inoculating resistant wheat with the VIGS constructs, transcript abundance was reduced to levels similar to that observed in susceptible wheat. Notably, the level of PAL expression was also suppressed by the WKRY53 construct, suggesting that these genes operate in the same defence response network. Both knockdowns exhibited a susceptible phenotype upon aphid infestation, and aphids feeding on silenced plants exhibited a significant increase in fitness compared to aphids feeding on control plants. Altered plant phenotype and changes in aphid behaviour after silencing imply that WKRY53 and PAL play key roles in generating a successful resistance response. This study is the first report on the successful use of VIGS to investigate genes involved in wheat-insect interactions. C1 [van Eck, Leon; Lapitan, Nora L. V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schultz, Thia; Botha, Anna-Maria] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Genet, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Leach, Jan E.; Peairs, Frank B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Scofield, Steven R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Scofield, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Lapitan, NLV (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nora.lapitan@colostate.edu RI Scofield, Steven/C-3868-2016; OI Botha, Anna-Maria/0000-0002-9868-1566; van Eck, Leon/0000-0002-3073-1344 FU Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; U. S. Department of Agriculture, USDA [2008-34205-19341, 2009-34205-19960]; National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55606- 16629]; Hatch Funds [644] FX This study was supported in part by the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, the U. S. Department of Agriculture under Cooperative Agreements USDA Contract No. 2008-34205-19341 and 2009-34205-19960, the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP Grant No. 2006-55606- 16629 and Hatch Funds Project No. 644. We thank Jeff Rudolph (Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA) for providing technical expertise. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Rebecca Davidson for assistance with staining procedures and Victoria Valdez for helpful discussion. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1023 EP 1032 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00539.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 677IP UT WOS:000283983100007 PM 20561246 ER PT J AU Girdthai, T Jogloy, S Vorasoot, N Akkasaeng, C Wongkaew, S Holbrook, CC Patanothai, A AF Girdthai, T. Jogloy, S. Vorasoot, N. Akkasaeng, C. Wongkaew, S. Holbrook, C. C. Patanothai, A. TI Associations between physiological traits for drought tolerance and aflatoxin contamination in peanut genotypes under terminal drought SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll density; drought stress ratings; drought tolerance index; indirect selection tools; relative water content; specific leaf area ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA; PHYTOALEXIN PRODUCTION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; STRESSED PEANUTS; RESISTANCE; GROUNDNUT; INTERRELATIONSHIP; COLONIZATION AB P>Terminal drought induces preharvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) in peanut. Drought resistance traits are promising as indirect selection tools for improving resistance to PAC. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of terminal drought on PAC and to investigate the associations between surrogate traits for drought tolerance and PAC. Field tests under rainout shelters were conducted in the dry seasons 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. Eleven peanut genotypes were evaluated under irrigated and terminal drought conditions. Data were recorded for physiological traits, total biomass, pod yield, Aspergillus flavus colonization and PAC. ICGV 98305, ICGV 98330, ICGV 98348, ICGV 98353 and Tifton-8 had low aflatoxin contamination in both years. Traits related to drought resistance were associated well with those related to PAC under drought conditions. Specific leaf area, relative water content, chlorophyll density and drought stress ratings are the best traits for use as indirect selection tools for lower PAC. Breeding for drought tolerance using these traits as selection criteria may help to accelerate progress in developing resistance to PAC. C1 [Girdthai, T.; Jogloy, S.; Vorasoot, N.; Akkasaeng, C.; Patanothai, A.] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Wongkaew, S.] Suranaree Univ Technol, Inst Agr Technol, Sch Crop Prod Technol, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. [Holbrook, C. C.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Vorasoot, N (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM vorasoot@kku.ac.th FU Royal Golden Jubilee PhD programme [PHD/0208/2545]; Thailand Research Fund; Khon Kaen University FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD programme (grant no. PHD/0208/2545) and the Senior Research Scholar Project of Professor Dr Aran Patanothai under the support of Thailand Research Fund, and also support in part by the Peanut Improvement Project of Khon Kaen University and the Senior Research Scholar Project of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sanun Jogloy under Khon Kaen University. We thank the work of many people in field data collection and processing. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 129 IS 6 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01738.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 684YD UT WOS:000284590300017 ER PT J AU Bleby, TM Mcelrone, AJ Jackson, RB AF Bleby, Timothy M. Mcelrone, Andrew J. Jackson, Robert B. TI Water uptake and hydraulic redistribution across large woody root systems to 20 m depth SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE caves; deep roots; ecohydrology; gum bumelia; Heat Ratio Method; live oak; mesquite; woody plant encroachment ID SOIL-WATER; DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE ROOTS; SAP FLOW; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; DESERT PHREATOPHYTE; SEASONAL PATTERNS; DEEP ROOTS; LIFT AB Deep water uptake and hydraulic redistribution (HR) are important processes in many forests, savannas and shrublands. We investigated HR in a semi-arid woodland above a unique cave system in central Texas to understand how deep root systems facilitate HR. Sap flow was measured in 9 trunks, 47 shallow roots and 12 deep roots of Quercus, Bumelia and Prosopis trees over 12 months. HR was extensive and continuous, involving every tree and 83% of roots, with the total daily volume of HR over a 1 month period estimated to be approximately 22% of daily transpiration. During drought, deep roots at 20 m depth redistributed water to shallow roots (hydraulic lift), while after rain, shallow roots at 0-0.5 m depth redistributed water among other shallow roots (lateral HR). The main driver of HR appeared to be patchy, dry soil near the surface, although water may also have been redistributed to mid-level depths via deeper lateral roots. Deep roots contributed up to five times more water to transpiration and HR than shallow roots during drought but dramatically reduced their contribution after rain. Our results suggest that deep-rooted plants are important drivers of water cycling in dry ecosystems and that HR can significantly influence landscape hydrology. C1 [Bleby, Timothy M.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Mcelrone, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Dept Biol & Nicholas, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Bleby, TM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM bleby@uwa.edu.au RI Bleby, Timothy/B-3060-2011 FU National Science Foundation (IOS) [0920355]; Mellon Foundation; USDA-NRI FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation (IOS #0920355) and Mellon Foundation grants to R.B.J., a USDA-NRI grant to R.B.J and W.T. Pockman, and a USDA-NRI grant to A.J.M. We gratefully acknowledge W.T. Pockman's contribution to the study, including installation of above-and below-ground infrastructure at the study site (with A.J.M, R.B.J. and others), background sap flow measurements (with A.J.M), and early comments on the data. Thanks to C. Armas, K. Bleby, J. Bilcher, S. Lynch, A. Krafnick and B. McElrone for help with root excavations, instrument installation, and cave work and to R. Lopez for logistical support. Special thanks to J. Powell for providing access to Powell's cave, and T. Holsinger and the Texas Speleological Survey for information on the study caves. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 57 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 87 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2132 EP 2148 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02212.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 679MW UT WOS:000284166500011 PM 20716068 ER PT J AU Hwang, BH Bae, H Lim, HS Kim, KB Kim, SJ Im, MH Park, BS Kim, DS Kim, J AF Hwang, Byung Ho Bae, Hanhong Lim, Hyoun-Sub Kim, Kun Bo Kim, Shin Je Im, Myoung-Ho Park, Beom-Suk Kim, Do Sun Kim, Jongkee TI Overexpression of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein 2 (PGIP2) of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp pekinensis) increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp carotovorum SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Brassica rapa; Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi; Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins; Soft rot resistance; Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp carotovorum; Polygalacturonase ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; FUNGAL POLYGALACTURONASES; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SUBSP CAROTOVORA; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITRIC-OXIDE; APPLE FRUIT AB Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs)are plant cell wall glycoproteins that can inhibit microbial polygalacturonase (PG) activity. In this study, we cloned five PGIP genes from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Reverse transcription PCR expression analysis showed that the accumulation of BrPGIP transcripts differed among various tissues and in response to biotic (bacterial innoculation) and abiotic stresses (i.e., wounding, jasmonic acid, cold, NaCl, and dehydration treatment). Transcripts of BrPGIP1, BrPGIP3, and BrPGIP5 were detected in all tissues tested except the stamen, while BrPGIP2 transcripts were expressed in all tissues tested. Transcripts of BrPGIP4 were not expressed in cabbage. lnnoculation with a bacterium that causes soft rot, Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (Pcc), strongly induced transcripts of BrPGIP2; and expression occurred more rapidly in the resistant compared to the susceptible line. BrPGIP2 showed 50-99% similarity in amino acid sequences to extracellular PGIPs from other plants. In order to assess the role of BrPGIP2 protein in protecting plants from Pcc, we generated a number of transgenic tobacco and Chinese cabbage lines over-expressing BrPGIP2. PGIP from transgenic tobacco plants inhibited Pcc PG activity by 74%, while PGIP from wildtype tobacco plants gave only 43% Pcc PG inhibition. Transgenic Chinese cabbage plants also exhibited improved resistance to bacterial soft rot (up to 54%). PGIP from transgenic Chinese cabbage plants inhibited Pcc PG activity by 77%, while PGIP from wild-type plants showed only 8% Pcc PG inhibition. This is the first report showing the role of BrPGIPs in resistance to bacterial soft rot caused by Pcc. C1 [Hwang, Byung Ho; Kim, Jongkee] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Anseong 456756, South Korea. [Bae, Hanhong] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Lim, Hyoun-Sub] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Kun Bo; Kim, Shin Je] F&P, Noamri, Doan Myun 368811, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Im, Myoung-Ho; Park, Beom-Suk] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Suwon 441707, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Kim, Do Sun] Natl Hort Res Inst, Suwon 441706, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Anseong 456756, South Korea. EM sjekim@fnpco.com; jkkim@cau.ac.kr RI Park, Beom-Seok/B-5968-2013 FU Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Korea FX This research was supported by the 'GRRC' Project of Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Korea. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 3 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s11240-010-9779-4 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 685YX UT WOS:000284665100002 ER PT J AU Gray, S De Boer, S Lorenzen, J Karasev, A Whitworth, J Nolte, P Singh, R Boucher, A Xu, HM AF Gray, Stewart De Boer, Solke Lorenzen, James Karasev, Alexander Whitworth, Jonathan Nolte, Phillip Singh, Rudra Boucher, Alain Xu, Huimin TI Potato virus Y: An Evolving Concern for Potato Crops in the United States and Canada SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NECROTIC RINGSPOT DISEASE; TOBACCO-RATTLE-VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN PVYNTN; CURRENT SEASON SPREAD; MINERAL-OIL SPRAYS; MOP-TOP-VIRUS; SEED POTATO; APHID TRANSMISSION; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CORKY RINGSPOT C1 [Gray, Stewart] ARS, USDA, Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gray, Stewart] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [De Boer, Solke; Xu, Huimin] CFIA, Charlottetown Lab, Charlottetown, PE, Canada. [Karasev, Alexander] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Whitworth, Jonathan] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Nolte, Phillip] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Singh, Rudra] AAFC, Frederiction, NB, Canada. [Boucher, Alain] CFIA, Potato Sect, Moncton, NB, Canada. RP Gray, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu FU APHIS; CFIA; United States and Canada FX The U.S. authors greatly appreciate the technical assistance of Dawn Smith, Jason Ingram, and Cheryl Seidel (NY), Darren Hall, Penny Tubbs, Melissa Bertram, Melinda Lent, Lucinda Nolte, Jill Randall, Teresa Meacham, and Xiaojun Hu (ID), and also all the help from the seed certification programs and laboratories in ME, NY, PA, MI, WI, MN, ND, NE, CO, WY, MT, ID, CA, OR, and WA. Technical assistance of the following CFIA staff is greatly appreciated: Jane Gourley, Pamela Ross, Kathy Shaw, Rachelle Thibodeau-Doyle, and Christina Fields. Without the help of the people mentioned above and the many others too numerous to mention, including all the growers that contributed samples, this study would not have been possible. Thanks also to APHIS, CFIA, and the potato industries of the United States and Canada for providing financial support for the project. NR 102 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1384 EP 1397 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-10-0124 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100001 ER PT J AU Carson, ML AF Carson, M. L. TI Additional Sources of Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp avenae from Canadian Accessions of Avena barbata SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CROWN RUST RESISTANCE; MILDEW RESISTANCE; OAT; SATIVA; GENE; WILD AB Crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) is considered the most damaging disease of oat and the use of race-specific seedling (Pc) genes for resistance has been the primary means of control. As these resistance genes from cultivated oat, Arena saliva, and the wild hexaploid animated oat, A. sterilis, were deployed in oat cultivars, corresponding virulence in the U.S. crown rust population increased rapidly, such that the effective lifespan of a resistant cultivar in the United States is now 5 years or less. Introgression of resistance from diploid and tetraploid Arena spp. into hexaploid oat has been difficult due to the difference in ploidy levels and the lack of pairing of homeologous chromosomes between species. The wild tetraploid slender oat, A. barbata, has been a source of powdery mildew and stem rust resistance in cultivated oat but has largely been unexploited for crown rust resistance. A relatively high percentage of A. barbata accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Small Grains Collection were resistant to a highly diverse crown rust population in recent tests. Tests of 1,099 A. barbata accessions from the Canadian Plant Gene Resources Center not represented in the USDA collection revealed that a similar percentage (11.4%) were at least moderately resistant at the seedling and adult plant stage when tested with a highly diverse bulk inoculum derived from the St. Paul buckthorn nursery. Eighteen accessions were rated as highly resistant or a mix of highly resistant and resistant plants in both seedling and adult plant tests. Three accessions (CN21531 from Italy and CN26271 and CN26305 from Spain) displayed a unique "blotchy" resistant reaction as adult plants. Resistant accessions were found from throughout much of the natural range of A. barbata but the Western Mediterranean and Lebanon had the highest frequency of accessions with broad-spectrum resistance. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mcarson@umn.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1405 EP 1410 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0517 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100003 ER PT J AU Scandiani, MM Aoki, T Luque, AG Carmona, MA O'Donnell, K AF Scandiani, M. M. Aoki, T. Luque, A. G. Carmona, M. A. O'Donnell, K. TI First Report of Sexual Reproduction by the Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Pathogen Fusarium tucumaniae in Nature SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; VIRGULIFORME; NOMENCLATURE; GLYCINES AB Of the four fusaria that have been shown to cause soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), field surveys indicate that Fusarium tucumaniae is the most important and genetically diverse SDS pathogen in Argentina. Although none of the SDS fusaria have been shown to produce perithecia in nature, a heterothallic sexual cycle has been demonstrated for E tucumaniae via laboratory crosses. Herein we report on the discovery of perithecia of F tucumaniae on soybean in Argentina. Ascospores derived from these perithecia gave rise to colonies that produced sporodochial conidia diagnostic of F. tucumaniae. Sporodochial conidia were longer and narrower than those produced by the other SDS fusaria; these conidia also possessed a diagnostic acuate apical cell and a distinctly foot-shaped basal cell. Sixteen strains derived from single ascospores subjected to a validated multilocus genotyping assay (MLGT) for SDS species determination, together with 16 conidial isolates from two sites where teleomorphs were collected, independently confirmed the morphological identification as F. tucumaniae. This study represents the first authentic report of sexual reproduction by a soybean SDS pathogen in nature. C1 [O'Donnell, K.] NCAUR ARS USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Scandiani, M. M.] Lab Agr Rio Parana, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Aoki, T.] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, NIAS Genebank MAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Luque, A. G.] Univ Nacl Rosario, CEREMIC, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Carmona, M. A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), NCAUR ARS USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1411 EP 1416 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0403 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100004 ER PT J AU Twizeyimana, M Hartman, GL AF Twizeyimana, M. Hartman, G. L. TI Culturing Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Detached Leaves and Urediniospore Survival at Different Temperatures and Relative Humidities SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN RUST; AXENIC CULTURE; 1ST REPORT; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; VIABILITY; SPORES; UREDOSPORES; GERMINATION; CONIDIA AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important foliar diseases of soybean worldwide. In a series of experiments, multiple objectives were addressed to determine the (i) longevity of detached soybean leaves, (ii) reproductive capacity of uredinia on leaves inoculated and/or incubated on the abaxial versus adaxial side of the leaf, (iii) reproductive capacity of uredinia and urediniospore germination when spores were harvested at regular intervals or all at once, and (iv) effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on urediniospore germination. A detached-leaf assay using agar medium amended with 6-benzylaminopurine performed better in retarding leaf chlorosis than filter paper alone among five soybean genotypes. Among the three susceptible genotypes tested, detached leaves of cv. Williams 82 had the lowest level of leaf chlorosis and often allowed for the greatest urediniospore production and germination rate. Temperature and RH played significant roles in survival of urediniospore as measured by germination rates. Viable urediniospores were harvested from infected soybean leaves maintained at room temperature (23 to 24 degrees C at 55 to 60% RH) for up to 18 days, whereas freshly harvested urediniospores that were desiccated for 12 h before being placed in vials and maintained at room temperature remained viable for up to 30 days. Urediniospore hydration was the major factor for the dormancy reversion; thermal shock with hydration and no thermal shock with hydration treatments had consistently similar urediniospore germination rates. In the RH experiment, urediniospores harvested from inoculated leaf pieces maintained at 85% RH had the highest germination rates compared with higher and lower RH. Improvement in P. pachyrhizi cultural techniques and understanding of urediniospore survival will enhance our knowledge of the pathogen biology, host-plant relationship, and conditions that favor the infection, reproduction, and survival of the pathogen. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Twizeyimana, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu OI Twizeyimana, Mathias/0000-0003-2173-6693 FU United Soybean Board FX This research was supported in part by the United Soybean Board. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1453 EP 1460 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-10-0131 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100010 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS Colyer, PD AF Bennett, Rebecca S. Colyer, Patrick D. TI Dry Heat and Hot Water Treatments for Disinfesting Cottonseed of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEED; WILT; PATHOGENS; THERMOTHERAPY; POPULATIONS; GRAMINEARUM; INFECTION; DIVERSITY; FIELDS; FUNGI AB The potential of low- and high-temperature dry heat, and hot water treatments, for disinfesting cottonseed of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum was investigated. Naturally infected seeds from Louisiana were air-heated at 30, 35, and 40 degrees C for up to 24 weeks. Seed harvested from bolls inoculated with race 4 of E oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were incubated in dry heat at 60, 70, and 80 degrees C for 2 to 14 days, or were immersed in 90 degrees C water from 45 s to 3 min. The effects on seed germination and vigor of hot water treatment and a subset of the high-temperature dry heat treatments were also examined in seeds of a Pima (Gossypium barbadense) and an Upland (G. hirsutum) cultivar. Low- or high-temperature dry heat did not eliminate Fusarium spp. from the seed, although seed infection declined more rapidly with higher incubation temperatures. High-temperature dry heat treatments effective in eliminating fusaria also significantly reduced seed vigor in both the Pima and Upland cultivars. Seed from all times of immersion in hot water were less frequently infected with Fusarium spp. than nontreated seed. Incidence of seed infection did not differ significantly among immersion times ranging from 75 s to 3 min. Immersion in 90 degrees C water did not reduce germination or vigor at exposure times <= 120 s and <= 150 s for seeds of Pima and Upland cotton, respectively. Results from the hot water treatments suggest that thermotherapy may be optimized to provide a tactic to prevent the spread of virulent F oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum genotypes into uninfested areas through infected seed. C1 [Bennett, Rebecca S.] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Colyer, Patrick D.] Red River Res Stn, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Bossier City, LA 71113 USA. RP Bennett, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM rebecca.bennett@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated California State Support Committee [07-100CA] FX We thank J. Salinas, C. Ramos, D. Rodgers. and N. Hudson for laboratory assistance; R. M. Davis for providing the race 4 isolate; and Bayer Crop-Sciences for supplying seed for germination trials. This project was partially funded with Cooperative Research Agreement #07-100CA from Cotton Incorporated California State Support Committee. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1469 EP 1475 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-10-0052 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100012 ER PT J AU Larkin, RP Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW AF Larkin, Robert P. Griffin, Timothy S. Honeycutt, C. Wayne TI Rotation and Cover Crop Effects on Soilborne Potato Diseases, Tuber Yield, and Soil Microbial Communities SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BORNE-FUNGAL-PATHOGENS; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; GREEN MANURES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PLANT-DISEASE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; HEALTH AB Seven different 2-year rotations, consisting of barley/clover, canola, green bean, millet/rapeseed, soybean, sweet corn, and potato, all followed by potato, were assessed over 10 years (1997-2006) in a long-term cropping system trial for their effects on the development of soilborne potato diseases, tuber yield, and soil microbial communities. These same rotations were also assessed with and without the addition of a fall cover crop of no-tilled winter rye (except for barley/clover, for which underseeded ryegrass was substituted for clover) over a 4-year period. Canola and rapeseed rotations consistently reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia canker, black scurf, and common scab (18 to 38% reduction), and canola rotations resulted in higher tuber yields than continuous potato or barley/clover (6.8 to 8.2% higher). Addition of the winter rye cover crop further reduced black scurf and common scab (average 12.5 and 7.2% reduction, respectively) across all rotations. The combined effect of a canola or rapeseed rotation and winter rye cover crop reduced disease severity by 35 to 41% for black scurf and 20 to 33% for common scab relative to continuous potato with no cover crop. Verticillium wilt became a prominent disease problem only after four full rotation cycles, with high disease levels in all plots; however, incidence was lowest in barley rotations. Barley/clover and rapeseed rotations resulted in the highest soil bacterial populations and microbial activity, and all rotations had distinct effects on soil microbial community characteristics. Addition of a cover crop also resulted in increases in bacterial populations and microbial activity and had significant effects on soil microbial characteristics, in addition to slightly improving tuber yield (4% increase). Thus, in addition to positive effects in reducing erosion and improving soil quality, effective crop rotations in conjunction with planting cover crops can provide improved control of soilborne diseases. However, this study also demonstrated limitations with 2-year rotations in general, because all rotations resulted in increasing levels of common scab and Verticillium wilt over time. C1 [Larkin, Robert P.; Griffin, Timothy S.; Honeycutt, C. Wayne] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Bob.Larkin@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 9 U2 66 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1491 EP 1502 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-10-0172 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100015 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Hanna, JW Klopfenstein, NB AF Kim, M-S. Hanna, J. W. Klopfenstein, N. B. TI First Report of an Armillaria Root Disease Pathogen, Armillaria gallica, Associated with Several New Hosts in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Kim, M-S.] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Hanna, J. W.; Klopfenstein, N. B.] Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1503 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0534 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100018 ER PT J AU David, N Mallik, I Crosslin, JM Gudmestad, NC AF David, N. Mallik, I. Crosslin, J. M. Gudmestad, N. C. TI First Report of Potato mop-top virus in North Dakota SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID UNITED-STATES C1 [David, N.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Mallik, I.; Gudmestad, N. C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP David, N (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1506 EP 1506 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0522 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100024 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Hamlin, LL AF Crosslin, J. M. Hamlin, L. L. TI First Report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus Infecting Greenhouse-Grown Potatoes in Washington State SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Hamlin, L. L.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1507 EP 1507 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0542 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100027 ER PT J AU Lynch, SC Eskalen, A Zambino, P Scott, T AF Lynch, S. C. Eskalen, A. Zambino, P. Scott, T. TI First Report of Bot Canker Caused by Diplodia corticola on Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID BOTRYOSPHAERIA-CORTICOLA C1 [Lynch, S. C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Eskalen, A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zambino, P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, San Bernardino, CA 92521 USA. [Scott, T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Lynch, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1510 EP 1511 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-10-0266 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683BQ UT WOS:000284447100036 ER PT J AU Belefant-Miller, H Grace, SC AF Belefant-Miller, Helen Grace, Stephen C. TI Variations in Bran Carotenoid Levels within and between Rice Subgroups SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Rice (Oryza sativa L.); Bran; Carotenoids; Lutein; Rice subgroups; Fluorescence spectrometry ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; WHEAT; LUTEIN; CULTIVARS; STORAGE; DIVERSITY; QUANTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major grain in the human diet and carotenoids are valuable antioxidants. However, little is known about varietal differences in the carotenoid contents of the rice bran. The objective of this study is to determine the relative differences in bran carotenoid levels among all the five subgroups of rice. Measurements were made by a recently described, rapid non-destructive fluorescence quenching method. Confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after solvent extraction of the bran indicated that the major carotenoid was lutein. Our data showed that carotenoid levels were stable over 10 years of storage. Tropical japonica rice, the most consumed subgroup in the United States, tended to have the lowest levels of carotenoids in the bran while temperate japonicas had the highest. These differences in carotenoid content may open up new opportunities for identifying or breeding rice varieties with higher nutritional value. C1 [Belefant-Miller, Helen] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Grace, Stephen C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Belefant-Miller, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM helen.miller@ars.usda.gov RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 65 IS 4 BP 358 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s11130-010-0196-y PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 691QR UT WOS:000285096400006 PM 21080076 ER PT J AU Kwon, SJ Hu, JG Coyne, CJ AF Kwon, Soon-Jae Hu, Jinguo Coyne, Clarice J. TI Genetic diversity and relationship among faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm entries as revealed by TRAP markers SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE germplasm management; target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) ID REGION AMPLIFICATION POLYMORPHISM; CROSS-FERTILIZATION; RAPD MARKERS; POLLINATION; ACCESSIONS; FERTILITY; CULTIVARS; ISOZYME; TRAITS AB Target region amplification polymorphism markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among 151 worldwide collected faba bean (Vicia faba L.) entries (137 accessions maintained at the USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, 2 commercial varieties and 12 elite cultivars and advanced breeding lines obtained from Link of Georg-August University, Germany). Twelve primer combinations (six sets of polymerase chain reaction) amplified a total of 221 markers, of which 122 (55.2%) were polymorphic and could discriminate all the 151 entries. A high level of polymorphism was revealed among the accessions with an estimated average pairwise similarity of 63.2%, ranging from 36.9 to 90.2%. Cluster analysis divided the 151 accessions into five major groups with 2-101 entries each and revealed a substantial association between the molecular diversity and the geographic origin. All 101 accessions in Group V are originated from China and 13 of the 15 accessions in Group II were from Afghanistan. Thirty-two individual plants were sampled from two entries to assess the intra-accession variation. It was found that the advanced inbred line (Hiverna/5-EP1) had very little variation (5.0%), while the original collection (PI 577746) possessed a very high amount of variation (47.1%). This is consistent with the previous reports that faba bean landraces have a high level of outcrossing in production fields and thus contain larger amount variation within each landrace. One implication of this observation for germplasm management is that a relatively larger population is needed in regeneration to mitigate the possible loss of genetic variation due to genetic drift. C1 [Kwon, Soon-Jae; Hu, Jinguo; Coyne, Clarice J.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jinguo.hu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [CRIS 5438-21000-026-00D]; Food Legume Crop Germplasm Committee FX The authors thank Wolfgang Link for providing the 12 entries used in the current study and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We also appreciate for the technical assistance from Theodore Kisha and Lisa Taylor. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS 5438-21000-026-00D and a Germplasm Evaluation Grant from the Food Legume Crop Germplasm Committee. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1017/S1479262110000201 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 696XV UT WOS:000285475600003 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Morris, JB Pinnow, DL Davis, J Raymer, P Pederson, GA AF Wang, M. L. Morris, J. B. Pinnow, D. L. Davis, J. Raymer, P. Pederson, G. A. TI A survey of the castor oil content, seed weight and seed-coat colour on the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE nuclear magnetic resonance method; oil content; Ricinus communis germplasm; USDA collection AB Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop that can potentially be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. There are 1033 accessions in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) castor germplasm collection. The range of oil content in these accessions has never been surveyed. For exploiting castor as a feedstock for biodiesel production, the entire USDA castor collection was procured from the National Plant Germplasm System (Germplasm Resources Information Network) and the oil content was measured with nuclear magnetic resonance. The variation of oil content among all castor accessions ranged from 37.2 to 60.6% with an average of 48.2%. One hundred seed weights were determined and seed-coat colour was also recorded from each accession. One hundred seed weight ranged from 10.1 to 73.3 g with an average of 28.3 g. There was a significant correlation between seed weight and oil content but the correlation value was low (r = 0.1572, P < 0.0001). Fifty accessions with a wide range of oil content were selected to be field grown for further evaluation. The results obtained from this survey will be useful for castor breeders seeking germplasm accessions with high oil content in the collection. C1 [Wang, M. L.; Morris, J. B.; Pinnow, D. L.; Pederson, G. A.] USDA ARS, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Davis, J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Expt Stat, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Raymer, P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, PGRCU, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3 BP 229 EP 231 DI 10.1017/S1479262110000262 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 696XV UT WOS:000285475600007 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Barkley, NA Chinnan, M Stalker, HT Pittman, RN AF Wang, M. L. Barkley, N. A. Chinnan, M. Stalker, H. T. Pittman, R. N. TI Oil content and fatty acid composition variability in wild peanut species SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE fatty acid composition; oil content; peanut germplasm; real-time PCR genotyping; wild species AB Wild peanut species are useful genetic resources for improving the levels of disease/pest resistance and for enhancing the quality of seed composition by interspecific hybridization. The variation in oil content and fatty acid composition of wild peanut species in the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection is unknown. Seeds available from 39 wild species (plus a cultivated peanut) were requested from the U. S. peanut germplasm collection. Oil content was measured using nuclear magnetic resonance, fatty acid composition was analysed using gas chromatography, and the D150N functional mutation of the FAD2A gene was screened by real-time PCR. Significant variability in oil content (41.7-61.3%) was identified among the wild peanut species. Arachis magna contained significantly more oil (61%) than cultivated peanut (56%). There was no functional mutation identified within the FAD2A gene target, and no wild species were identified with a high ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid. The results from gas chromatography and real-time PCR analyses were consistent. However, Arachis sylvestris contained a significantly higher amount (22%) of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) than the cultivated peanut (4%). Thus, A. magna and A. sylvestris may be good breeding materials to use for increasing oil content or LCFA composition of cultivated peanuts in breeding programs. C1 [Wang, M. L.; Barkley, N. A.; Pittman, R. N.] Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Chinnan, M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Stalker, H. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, PGRCU, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3 BP 232 EP 234 DI 10.1017/S1479262110000274 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 696XV UT WOS:000285475600008 ER PT J AU Joung, YH Suh, JK Lee, NS Eum, SM Choi, IY Roh, MS AF Joung, Young Hee Suh, Jeung Keun Lee, Nam Sook Eum, Sang Mi Choi, Ik-Young Roh, Mark S. TI Identification of Hydrangeaceae accessions of wild origin from Jeju, Korea, using molecular markers SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE germplasm; Hydrangea anomala subsp petiolaris; morphology; nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); Schizophragma hydrangeoides ID RAPD ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE; REPRODUCIBILITY; HYBRIDIZATION; LABORATORIES; RBCL; SSR AB Hydrangea and Schizophragma are popular horticultural and ornamental plants. This study was designed to identify unknown accessions of Hydrangeaceae that have leaf morphological characters different from Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris and Schizophragma hydrangeoides in Jeju, Korea. A total of 29 accessions of Hydrangea and Schizophragma from the wild were collected and analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbc L) gene. Morphological characteristics of leaves and shoot apices of several accessions were also examined. Based on the RAPD markers, SNPs of the (rbc L) gene and morphological characteristics of apical buds, the unknown accessions were identified as H. anomala var. petiolaris. C1 [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Joung, Young Hee] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju, Jeonnam, South Korea. [Suh, Jeung Keun] Dankook Univ, Sch Bioresources Sci, Lab Floriculture & Plant Physiol, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Lee, Nam Sook; Eum, Sang Mi] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Life Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Choi, Ik-Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Instrumentat Ctr Environm Management, Seoul, South Korea. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.roh@ars.usda.gov FU Rural Development Administration, Korea [20070401-034-026-008-04-00] FX We thank Peter Wharton, Jack Alexander and Carole Bordelon for providing samples. Skilful technical assistances from Deric Picton, Keenan Amundsen and Alicia Burtles are greatly appreciated. Critical review by R. G. Anderson and T. Rinehart is greatly appreciated. A part of this research was supported by a grant from BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Korea, to Y. H. Joung (Code 20070401-034-026-008-04-00). NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1017/S1479262110000286 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 696XV UT WOS:000285475600009 ER PT J AU Koster, KL Balsamo, RA Espinoza, C Oliver, MJ AF Koster, Karen L. Balsamo, Ronald A. Espinoza, Catherine Oliver, Melvin J. TI Desiccation sensitivity and tolerance in the moss Physcomitrella patens: assessing limits and damage SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Physcomitrella patens; Desiccation tolerance; Desiccation sensitivity; Membrane damage; Electrolyte leakage; Abscisic acid ID INDUCED FREEZING TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; ATRICHUM-ANDROGYNUM; TORTULA-RURALIS; OSMOTIC-STRESS; WATER-CONTENT; SALT; DROUGHT; ACCUMULATION; REHYDRATION AB The moss Physcomitrella patens is becoming the model of choice for functional genomic studies at the cellular level. Studies report that Physcomitrella survives moderate osmotic and salt stress, and that desiccation tolerance can be induced by exogenous ABA. Our goal was to quantify the extent of dehydration tolerance in wild type moss and to examine the nature of cellular damage caused by desiccation. We exposed Physcomitrella to humidities that generate water potentials from -4(97% RH) to -273 MPa (13% RH) and monitored water loss until equilibrium. Water contents were measured on a dry matter basis to determine the extent of dehydration because fresh weights (FW) were found to be variable and, therefore, unreliable. We measured electrolyte leakage from rehydrating moss, assessed overall regrowth, and imaged cells to evaluate their response to drying and rehydration. Physcomitrella did not routinely survive water potentials <-13 MPa. Upon rehydration, moss dried to water contents >0.4 g g dm(-1) maintained levels of leakage similar to those of hydrated controls. Moss dried to lower water contents leaked extensively, suggesting that plasma membranes were damaged. Moss protonemal cells were shrunken and their walls twisted, even at -13 MPa. Moss cells rehydrated after drying to -273 MPa failed to re-expand completely, again indicating membrane damage. ABA treatment elicited tolerance of desiccation to at least -273 MPa and limited membrane damage. Results of this work will form the basis for ongoing studies on the functional genomics of desiccation tolerance at the cellular level. C1 [Koster, Karen L.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Balsamo, Ronald A.] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Espinoza, Catherine] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS MWA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Koster, KL (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Karen.Koster@usd.edu OI Koster, Karen/0000-0002-0462-7244 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35100-19240]; MJO [2007-55100-18374]; RAB [2008-35100-04413] FX We thank Dr. G. Esteban Fernandez and Stephanie Boyle of the Molecular Cytology Core at the University of Missouri for assistance with microscopy and Jim Elder of the USDA-ARS for general lab support. This work was supported by grants from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture to KLK (grant no. 2008-35100-19240), MJO (grant no. 2007-55100-18374), and RAB (grant no. 2008-35100-04413). NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 62 IS 3 SI SI BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10725-010-9490-9 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 690CP UT WOS:000284979100011 ER PT J AU Chung, MY Vrebalov, J Alba, R Lee, J McQuinn, R Chung, JD Klein, P Giovannoni, J AF Chung, Mi-Young Vrebalov, Julia Alba, Rob Lee, JeMin McQuinn, Ryan Chung, Jae-Dong Klein, Patricia Giovannoni, James TI A tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) APETALA2/ERF gene, SlAP2a, is a negative regulator of fruit ripening SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tomato; AP2; fruit ripening; ethylene; RNAi; transcription factor ID ARABIDOPSIS FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; APETALA2-LIKE GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; NONCLIMACTERIC FRUIT; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB P>The transition of fleshy fruit maturation to ripening is regulated by exogenous and endogenous signals that coordinate the transition of the fruit to a final state of attractiveness to seed dispersing organisms. Tomato is a model for biology and genetics regulating specific ripening pathways including ethylene, carotenoids and cell wall metabolism in addition to upstream signaling and transcriptional regulators. Ripening-associated transcription factors described to date including the RIN-MADS, CLEAR NON-RIPENING, TAGL1 and LeHB-1 genes all encode positive regulators of ripening phenomena. Here we describe an APETALA2 transcription factor (SlAP2a) identified through transcriptional profiling of fruit maturation that is induced during, and which negatively regulates, tomato fruit ripening. RNAi repression of SlAP2a results in fruits that over-produce ethylene, ripen early and modify carotenoid accumulation profiles by altering carotenoid pathway flux. These results suggest that SlAP2a functions during normal tomato fruit ripening as a modulator of ripening activity and acts to balance the activities of positive ripening regulators. C1 [Chung, Mi-Young; Vrebalov, Julia; Alba, Rob; Lee, JeMin; McQuinn, Ryan; Klein, Patricia; Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ Campus, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chung, Mi-Young; Chung, Jae-Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ Campus, USDA ARS, Robert W Holy Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Alba, Rob] Monsanto Co, Prod Safety Ctr, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ Campus, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu OI Lee, Je Min/0000-0002-0446-1336 FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2005-214-F00034]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0501778, DBI-0606595] FX We thank Dr. Chris Watkins, Dr. Jocelyn Rose, Antonio Matas and Jackie Nock (Cornell University, USA) for use of their gas chromatograph and Instron Material Tester used in firmness analysis. We also especially thank Patricia (Tish) Keen for technical assistance in plant transformation and Je-Gun Joung for help with sequencing analysis. This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2005-214-F00034) funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) to MYC and grants from the National Science Foundation (DBI-0501778 and DBI-0606595) to JJG. NR 87 TC 123 Z9 137 U1 9 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 64 IS 6 BP 936 EP 947 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04384.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 693ER UT WOS:000285207900005 PM 21143675 ER PT J AU Jun, J Fiume, E Roeder, AHK Meng, L Sharma, VK Osmont, KS Baker, C Ha, CM Meyerowitz, EM Feldman, LJ Fletcher, JC AF Jun, JiHyung Fiume, Elisa Roeder, Adrienne H. K. Meng, Ling Sharma, Vijay K. Osmont, Karen S. Baker, Catherine Ha, Chan Man Meyerowitz, Elliot M. Feldman, Lewis J. Fletcher, Jennifer C. TI Comprehensive Analysis of CLE Polypeptide Signaling Gene Expression and Overexpression Activity in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEM-CELL FATE; ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; SEED DEVELOPMENT; ROOT-MERISTEM; CLV3; PEPTIDES; THALIANA; CLAVATA3; FAMILY AB Intercellular signaling is essential for the coordination of growth and development in higher plants. Although hundreds of putative receptors have been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), only a few families of extracellular signaling molecules have been discovered, and their biological roles are largely unknown. To expand our insight into the developmental processes potentially regulated by ligand-mediated signal transduction pathways, we undertook a systematic expression analysis of the members of the Arabidopsis CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED (CLE) small signaling polypeptide family. Using reporter constructs, we show that the CLE genes have distinct and specific patterns of promoter activity. We find that each Arabidopsis tissue expresses at least one CLE gene, indicating that CLE-mediated signaling pathways are likely to play roles in many biological processes during the plant life cycle. Some CLE genes that are closely related in sequence have dissimilar expression profiles, yet in many tissues multiple CLE genes have overlapping patterns of promoter-driven reporter activity. This observation, plus the general absence of detectable morphological phenotypes in cle null mutants, suggest that a high degree of functional redundancy exists among CLE gene family members. Our work establishes a community resource of CLE-related biological materials and provides a platform for understanding and ultimately manipulating many different plant signaling systems. C1 [Jun, JiHyung; Fiume, Elisa; Sharma, Vijay K.; Osmont, Karen S.; Ha, Chan Man; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jun, JiHyung; Fiume, Elisa; Meng, Ling; Sharma, Vijay K.; Osmont, Karen S.; Ha, Chan Man; Feldman, Lewis J.; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Roeder, Adrienne H. K.; Baker, Catherine; Meyerowitz, Elliot M.] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jfletcher@berkeley.edu RI Meyerowitz, Elliot/A-7118-2009; OI Fiume, Elisa/0000-0001-6788-0231; Roeder, Adrienne/0000-0001-6685-2984 FU National Science Foundation [MCB 0313546] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Arabidopsis 2010 grant no. MCB 0313546). NR 48 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 154 IS 4 BP 1721 EP 1736 DI 10.1104/pp.110.163683 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 688FA UT WOS:000284834000012 PM 20884811 ER PT J AU Zhang, NY Gibon, Y Gur, A Chen, C Lepak, N Hohne, M Zhang, ZW Kroon, D Tschoep, H Stitt, M Buckler, E AF Zhang, Nengyi Gibon, Yves Gur, Amit Chen, Charles Lepak, Nicholas Hoehne, Melanie Zhang, Zhiwu Kroon, Dallas Tschoep, Hendrik Stitt, Mark Buckler, Edward TI Fine Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activities and Seedling Biomass in the Maize IBM Mapping Population SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; USE EFFICIENCY; GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE; ALANINE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FLOWERING TIME; TOMATO PLANTS AB Understanding the genetic basis of nitrogen and carbon metabolism will accelerate the development of plant varieties with high yield and improved nitrogen use efficiency. A robotized platform was used to measure the activities of 10 enzymes from carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the maize (Zea mays) intermated B73 x Mo17 mapping population, which provides almost a 4-fold increase in genetic map distance compared with conventional mapping populations. Seedling/juvenile biomass was included to identify its genetic factors and relationships with enzyme activities. All 10 enzymes showed heritable variation in activity. There were strong positive correlations between activities of different enzymes, indicating that they are coregulated. Negative correlations were detected between biomass and the activity of six enzymes. In total, 73 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were found that influence the activity of these 10 enzymes and eight QTL that influence biomass. While some QTL were shared by different enzymes or biomass, we critically evaluated the probability that this may be fortuitous. All enzyme activity QTL were in trans to the known genomic locations of structural genes, except for single cis-QTL for nitrate reductase, Glu dehydrogenase, and shikimate dehydrogenase; the low frequency and low additive magnitude compared with trans-QTL indicate that cis-regulation is relatively unimportant versus trans-regulation. Two-gene epistatic interactions were identified for eight enzymes and for biomass, with three epistatic QTL being shared by two other traits; however, epistasis explained on average only 2.8% of the genetic variance. Overall, this study identifies more QTL at a higher resolution than previous studies of genetic variation in metabolism. C1 [Zhang, Nengyi; Gur, Amit; Zhang, Zhiwu; Kroon, Dallas; Buckler, Edward] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chen, Charles; Buckler, Edward] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gibon, Yves; Hoehne, Melanie; Tschoep, Hendrik; Stitt, Mark] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Lepak, Nicholas; Buckler, Edward] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhang, NY (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM nz45@cornell.edu RI Gibon, Yves/B-9919-2011; OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Zhang, Zhiwu/0000-0002-5784-9684 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0501700, DBI-0321467, DBI-0820619, IOS-0703908]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; BARD [FI-360-2004]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; Max Planck Society FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program (grant nos. DBI-0501700, DBI-0321467, DBI-0820619, and IOS-0703908), by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, by a Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship (award no. FI-360-2004) from BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, and by the Max Planck Society. NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 154 IS 4 BP 1753 EP 1765 DI 10.1104/pp.110.165787 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 688FA UT WOS:000284834000014 PM 20971858 ER PT J AU Meir, S Philosoph-Hadas, S Sundaresan, S Selvaraj, KSV Burd, S Ophir, R Kochanek, B Reid, MS Jiang, CZ Lers, A AF Meir, Shimon Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia Sundaresan, Srivignesh Selvaraj, K. S. Vijay Burd, Shaul Ophir, Ron Kochanek, Bettina Reid, Michael S. Jiang, Cai-Zhong Lers, Amnon TI Microarray Analysis of the Abscission-Related Transcriptome in the Tomato Flower Abscission Zone in Response to Auxin Depletion SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORAL ORGAN ABSCISSION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC ANALYSIS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; GENE FAMILY-MEMBERS; RAF-LIKE KINASE; MADS-BOX GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ETHYLENE RECEPTORS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; WOUND ETHYLENE AB The abscission process is initiated by changes in the auxin gradient across the abscission zone (AZ) and is triggered by ethylene. Although changes in gene expression have been correlated with the ethylene-mediated execution of abscission, there is almost no information on the molecular and biochemical basis of the increased AZ sensitivity to ethylene. We examined transcriptome changes in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Shiran 1335') flower AZ during the rapid acquisition of ethylene sensitivity following flower removal, which depletes the AZ from auxin, with or without preexposure to 1-methylcyclopropene or application of indole-3-acetic acid after flower removal. Microarray analysis using the Affymetrix Tomato GeneChip revealed changes in expression, occurring prior to and during pedicel abscission, of many genes with possible regulatory functions. They included a range of auxin- and ethylene-related transcription factors, other transcription factors and regulatory genes that are transiently induced early, 2 h after flower removal, and a set of novel AZ-specific genes. All gene expressions initiated by flower removal and leading to pedicel abscission were inhibited by indole-3-acetic acid application, while 1-methylcyclopropene pretreatment inhibited only the ethylene-induced expressions, including those induced by wound-associated ethylene signals. These results confirm our hypothesis that acquisition of ethylene sensitivity in the AZ is associated with altered expression of auxin- regulated genes resulting from auxin depletion. Our results shed light on the regulatory control of abscission at the molecular level and further expand our knowledge of auxin- ethylene cross talk during the initial controlling stages of the process. C1 [Meir, Shimon; Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia; Sundaresan, Srivignesh; Selvaraj, K. S. Vijay; Burd, Shaul; Kochanek, Bettina; Lers, Amnon] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Ophir, Ron] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Fruit Tree Sci, Inst Plant Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Reid, Michael S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jiang, Cai-Zhong] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meir, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM shimonm@volcani.agri.gov.il RI Sundaresan, Srivignesh/G-8708-2013; OI Sundaresan, Srivignesh/0000-0002-7309-3995; Jiang, Cai-Zhong/0000-0002-5972-7963 FU BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-3815-05, IS-4073-07C] FX This work was supported by BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (grant nos. IS-3815-05 and IS-4073-07C). This is contribution number 562/09 from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center. NR 121 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 154 IS 4 BP 1929 EP 1956 DI 10.1104/pp.110.160697 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 688FA UT WOS:000284834000028 PM 20947671 ER PT J AU Walters, C Ballesteros, D Vertucci, VA AF Walters, Christina Ballesteros, Daniel Vertucci, Veronica A. TI Structural mechanics of seed deterioration: Standing the test of time SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aging; Glass; Structural analysis; Visco-elastic; Relative humidity; Temperature ID MOLECULAR MOBILITY; GLASS TRANSITIONS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; WATER-CONTENT; RICE KERNELS; LONGEVITY; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE; ARABIDOPSIS; GERMINATION AB Seeds die inevitably but unexpectedly during storage and current understanding of seed quality and storage conditions do not allow reliable means to predict or prevent this critical problem. Chemical degradation of seed components likely occurs through oxidative damage, but the rate of these reactions is dominated by properties of seed that are affected by temperature and moisture. These visco-elastic properties contribute to the structure of seeds as amorphous solids. This paper presents the perspective of seed maturation and post-harvest treatment as an exercise in engineering design for a structure that must persist through time and fluctuating conditions. Structural analyses are engineering tools used to select proper composition of materials and predict their behavior under a range of circumstances and are applicable to measurement within seeds. Thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measure structural deformation and stress-strain relationships, providing sensitive and universal parameters that detect differences in structural stability in materials with subtle compositional differences or processing methods. When applied to seeds, TMA and DMA techniques provide information consistent with existing information on glass and first order transitions. The depth of additional information obtainable about the behavior of the glass and interactions with lipid structure suggests that these techniques will be able to quantify differences among seed structures that contribute to their tendency to age. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Walters, Christina; Ballesteros, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Vertucci, Veronica A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Christina.walters@ars.usda.gov RI Ballesteros, Daniel/A-8947-2017 NR 64 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 179 IS 6 SI SI BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.06.016 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 691KA UT WOS:000285077500003 ER PT J AU Wong, JH Marx, DB Wilson, JD Buchanan, BB Lemaux, PG Pedersen, JF AF Wong, Joshua H. Marx, David B. Wilson, Jeff D. Buchanan, Bob B. Lemaux, Peggy G. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. TI Principal component analysis and biochemical characterization of protein and starch reveal primary targets for improving sorghum grain SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Disulfide proteins; Starch-protein interface; Granule-bound starch synthase 1; Principal component analysis; Sorghum ID BICOLOR L-MOENCH; IN-VITRO PROTEIN; PARENTAL LINES; COOKED SORGHUM; COOKING CONDITIONS; PEPSIN DIGESTION; REDUCING AGENTS; GAMMA-KAFIRINS; DIGESTIBILITY; MAIZE AB Limited progress has been made on genetic improvement of the digestibility of sorghum grain because of variability among different varieties. In this study, we applied multiple techniques to assess digestibility of grain from 18 sorghum lines to identify major components responsible for variability. We also identified storage proteins and enzymes as potential targets for genetic modification to improve digestibility. Results from principal component analysis revealed that content of amylose and total starch, together with protein digestibility (PD), accounted for 94% of variation in digestibility. Control of amylose content is understood and manageable. Up-regulation of genes associated with starch accumulation is clearly a future target for improving digestibility. To identify proteins that might be targets for future modification, meal from selected lines was digested in vitro with pancreatin in parallel with pepsin and a-amylase. The %PD was influenced by both the nature of the protein matrix and protein body packaging. Owing to its ability to form oligomers, the 20 kDa gamma-kafirin was more resistant to digestion than counterparts lacking this ability, making it a target for down-regulation. Greater understanding of interactions among the three traits identified by principal component analysis is needed for both waxy and non-waxy varieties. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong, Joshua H.; Buchanan, Bob B.; Lemaux, Peggy G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marx, David B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wilson, Jeff D.] ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wong, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 411 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM viewmont@berkeley.edu; dmarx1@unl.edu; jeff.d.wilson@ars.usda.gov; view@berkeley.edu; lemauxpg@berkeley.edu; jeff.pedersen@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Agency for International Development; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; USDA Cooperative Extension Service; Agricultural Experiment Station through UC Berkeley FX This study was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. PGL was supported by the USDA Cooperative Extension Service and BBB by the Agricultural Experiment Station through UC Berkeley. We thank Dr. S.R. Wessler for the gift of waxy protein antibody, Dr. R. Jung, Pioneer Hi-Bred for mono-specific anti zein antibodies, Dr. B.A. Larkins for antibody against alpha-zein, and Dr. B.R. Hamaker for antibody against beta-kafirin. Numerous undergraduate students made contributions to the work, notably Joseph Ahn, Youngin Lee, Won Kyung Lee, Hyun Ji Kang, and Stephanie Wu. Special thanks go to Ms. Barbara Alonso for her help in preparing the figures for publication. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 179 IS 6 SI SI BP 598 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.08.020 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 691KA UT WOS:000285077500007 ER PT J AU Ye, H Foley, ME Gu, XY AF Ye, Heng Foley, Michael E. Gu, Xing-You TI New seed dormancy loci detected from weedy rice-derived advanced populations with major QTL alleles removed from the background SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Seed dormancy; Quantitative trait locus; Weedy rice; Domestication; Germination ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; GENETIC-VARIATION; CULTIVATED RICE; WHEAT; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; RUFIPOGON; LINES AB Domestication of cereal crops from wild relatives tended to eliminate seed dormancy. Our objective was to identify all the detectable seed dormancy loci that differentiated between a weedy and a cultivated line of rice to understand the impact of domestication on distribution of dormancy genes. Three additional dormancy quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified from two BC(1)F(1) plant-derived F(2) populations, in which the five previously known QTL-containing segments from the weedy rice donor were substituted by the genome of the recurrent parent. The three new QTLs that accounted for 8-11% phenotypic variance in the F(2)s were confirmed with three BC(1) F(2) plant-derived F(3) populations. Counting the seven previously identified QTLs, the parental lines differentiate at a total of ten dormancy loci that vary in dominance from dominant, partially dominant, co-dominant, to recessive types. The weedy and cultivated parents contribute dormancy alleles to eight and two of the ten loci, respectively. The two loci were newly detected. We concluded that a large proportion (8/10) of seed dormancy genes have been eliminated during domestication. The minor proportion (2/10) of dormancy genes retained in cultivars could be masked by those with a relatively large effect in a primary segregating population. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ye, Heng; Gu, Xing-You] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Foley, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gu, XY (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, SNP 248D,Box 2140C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Xingyou.gu@sdstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [0641376]; United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2008-35301-19058] FX We thank B. Carsrud for technical assistance. This research was supported in part by grants from National Science Foundation (0641376) and United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (2008-35301-19058). NR 35 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 179 IS 6 SI SI BP 612 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.04.003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 691KA UT WOS:000285077500008 ER PT J AU Schramm, EC Abellera, JC Strader, LC Campbell, KG Steber, CM AF Schramm, Elizabeth C. Abellera, Jurgen C. Strader, Lucia C. Campbell, Kimberly Garland Steber, Camille M. TI Isolation of ABA-responsive mutants in allohexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Drawing connections to grain dormancy, preharvest sprouting, and drought tolerance SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abscisic acid; ABA; Wheat; Dormancy; Preharvest sprouting; Drought ID ACID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN-KINASE PKABA1; COLOR GENE R; ABSCISIC-ACID; SEED DORMANCY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BINDING-PROTEIN; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ALEURONE CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA AB This paper describes the isolation of Wheat ABA-responsive mutants (Warm) in the Chinese Spring background of allohexaploid Triticum aestivum L Because the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is required for the induction of seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and drought, cold and salt tolerance. ABA-hypersensitive wheat mutants were expected to show increased seed dormancy and decreased leaf transpiration in drying soils. Lack of wheat grain dormancy is associated with a propensity for preharvest sprouting (PHS), the germination of seed on the mother plant when moist conditions persist before harvest. PHS tolerance correlates with higher seed dormancy resulting from red grain color, higher ABA accumulation and sensitivity. Wheat grain loses dormancy and sensitivity to ABA inhibition of seed germination with after-ripening. Warm lines maintained higher ABA sensitivity when partially after-ripened. The Warm] and Warm4 mutants showed the strongest and most reproducible increase in ABA sensitivity, accompanied by a requirement for more prolonged after-ripening to break dormancy. Warm2, Warm3, Warm5, and Warm6 showed normal germination without ABA but increased sensitivity to inhibition of germination by applied ABA. The Warm4 mutant showed decreased whole plant transpiration in drying soil, consistent with the role of ABA in inhibiting vegetative leaf transpiration. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Campbell, Kimberly Garland; Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Abellera, Jurgen C.; Campbell, Kimberly Garland; Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schramm, Elizabeth C.; Strader, Lucia C.; Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, Mol Plant Sci Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Steber, CM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM csteber@wsu.edu FU USDA [2005-01099] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. R. Warner for the gift of mutagenized Chinese Spring grain and Dr. S. Abrams for the gift of (+)-ABA. Thanks are due to C. Hoagland, R. Parveen, A. Hauvermale, T. Ariizumi, and L. Murphy for expert assistance. Thanks are also due to M.K. Walker-Simmons for advice and encouragement. Finally, we would like to thank C. Walker for assistance with statistical analysis. This work was supported by a USDA CSREES grant to C.M.S. (2005-01099). NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 179 IS 6 SI SI BP 620 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.06.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 691KA UT WOS:000285077500009 ER PT J AU Reeve, R Blignaut, B Esterhuysen, JJ Opperman, P Matthews, L Fry, EE de Beer, TAP Theron, J Rieder, E Vosloo, W O'Neill, HG Haydon, DT Maree, FF AF Reeve, Richard Blignaut, Belinda Esterhuysen, Jan J. Opperman, Pamela Matthews, Louise Fry, Elizabeth E. de Beer, Tjaart A. P. Theron, Jacques Rieder, Elizabeth Vosloo, Wilna O'Neill, Hester G. Haydon, Daniel T. Maree, Francois F. TI Sequence-Based Prediction for Vaccine Strain Selection and Identification of Antigenic Variability in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA A/H3N2 VIRUSES; BUFFALO SYNCERUS-CAFFER; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; VARIANTS; SITES; NEUTRALIZATION; MODELS; EVOLUTION; SEROTYPE AB Identifying when past exposure to an infectious disease will protect against newly emerging strains is central to understanding the spread and the severity of epidemics, but the prediction of viral cross-protection remains an important unsolved problem. For foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) research in particular, improved methods for predicting this cross-protection are critical for predicting the severity of outbreaks within endemic settings where multiple serotypes and subtypes commonly co-circulate, as well as for deciding whether appropriate vaccine(s) exist and how much they could mitigate the effects of any outbreak. To identify antigenic relationships and their predictors, we used linear mixed effects models to account for variation in pairwise cross-neutralization titres using only viral sequences and structural data. We identified those substitutions in surface-exposed structural proteins that are correlates of loss of cross-reactivity. These allowed prediction of both the best vaccine match for any single virus and the breadth of coverage of new vaccine candidates from their capsid sequences as effectively as or better than serology. Sub-sequences chosen by the model-building process all contained sites that are known epitopes on other serotypes. Furthermore, for the SAT1 serotype, for which epitopes have never previously been identified, we provide strong evidence - by controlling for phylogenetic structure - for the presence of three epitopes across a panel of viruses and quantify the relative significance of some individual residues in determining cross-neutralization. Identifying and quantifying the importance of sites that predict viral strain cross-reactivity not just for single viruses but across entire serotypes can help in the design of vaccines with better targeting and broader coverage. These techniques can be generalized to any infectious agents where cross-reactivity assays have been carried out. As the parameterization uses pre-existing datasets, this approach quickly and cheaply increases both our understanding of antigenic relationships and our power to control disease. C1 [Reeve, Richard; Matthews, Louise; Haydon, Daniel T.] Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Reeve, Richard; Matthews, Louise; Haydon, Daniel T.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Blignaut, Belinda; Esterhuysen, Jan J.; Opperman, Pamela; Vosloo, Wilna; Maree, Francois F.] Agr Res Council, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Transboundary Anim Dis Programme, Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Blignaut, Belinda; Opperman, Pamela; Theron, Jacques] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [de Beer, Tjaart A. P.] Univ Pretoria, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Unit, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [O'Neill, Hester G.] North West Univ, Div Biochem, Potchefstroom, South Africa. RP Reeve, R (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM richard.reeve@glasgow.ac.uk RI Theron, Jacques/E-4755-2010; Matthews, Louise/E-2913-2013; Vosloo, Wilna/H-1978-2013; O'Neill, Hester/G-1607-2014; Reeve, Richard/K-9918-2015; OI Matthews, Louise/0000-0003-4420-8367; O'Neill, Hester/0000-0002-5044-6081; Reeve, Richard/0000-0003-2589-8091; de Beer, Tjaart/0000-0001-5966-6091; Haydon, Daniel/0000-0002-1240-1886 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E010326/1]; SA-UK collaboration initiative via the Department of Science and Technology and Intervet/Schering Plough FX RR and DTH are supported by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/) grant BB/E010326/1. Sequencing and VNTs were funded by the SA-UK collaboration initiative via the Department of Science and Technology and Intervet/Schering Plough (http://www.intervet.co.uk/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 AR e1001027 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001027 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 698EG UT WOS:000285574600015 PM 21151576 ER PT J AU Hunter, W Ellis, J Vanengelsdorp, D Hayes, J Westervelt, D Glick, E Williams, M Sela, I Maori, E Pettis, J Cox-Foster, D Paldi, N AF Hunter, Wayne Ellis, James vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Hayes, Jerry Westervelt, Dave Glick, Eitan Williams, Michael Sela, Ilan Maori, Eyal Pettis, Jeffery Cox-Foster, Diana Paldi, Nitzan TI Large-Scale Field Application of RNAi Technology Reducing Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus Disease in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera, Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; NOSEMA-CERANAE; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; INSECTS; LOSSES AB The importance of honey bees to the world economy far surpasses their contribution in terms of honey production; they are responsible for up to 30% of the world's food production through pollination of crops. Since fall 2006, honey bees in the U.S. have faced a serious population decline, due in part to a phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), which is a disease syndrome that is likely caused by several factors. Data from an initial study in which investigators compared pathogens in honey bees affected by CCD suggested a putative role for Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus, IAPV. This is a single stranded RNA virus with no DNA stage placed taxonomically within the family Dicistroviridae. Although subsequent studies have failed to find IAPV in all CCD diagnosed colonies, IAPV has been shown to cause honey bee mortality. RNA interference technology (RNAi) has been used successfully to silence endogenous insect (including honey bee) genes both by injection and feeding. Moreover, RNAi was shown to prevent bees from succumbing to infection from IAPV under laboratory conditions. In the current study IAPV specific homologous dsRNA was used in the field, under natural beekeeping conditions in order to prevent mortality and improve the overall health of bees infected with IAPV. This controlled study included a total of 160 honey bee hives in two discrete climates, seasons and geographical locations (Florida and Pennsylvania). To our knowledge, this is the first successful large-scale real world use of RNAi for disease control. C1 [Hunter, Wayne] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Ellis, James] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis; Williams, Michael; Cox-Foster, Diana] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hayes, Jerry; Westervelt, Dave] Florida State Dept Agr, Bur Plant & Apiary Inspect, Apiary Inspect Sect, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. [Glick, Eitan; Paldi, Nitzan] Beeologics Inc, Miami, FL USA. [Sela, Ilan; Maori, Eyal] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Virus Lab, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Pettis, Jeffery] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hunter, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM wayne.hunter@ars.usda.gov; dennis.vanengelsdorp@gmail.com RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 FU USDA, ARS; Univeristy of Florida; Beeologics FX In-house funds were used from USDA, ARS; Univeristy of Florida; and Beeologics. Dr. Jeffery Pettis, USDA, ARS has established a CRADA agreement with Beeologics, post project completion, focusing on Nosema. Only the research leaders from each institution established the study design, data collection and analyses. No other funds were used, and did not influence the decision to publish, or in the preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 66 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 AR e1001160 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001160 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 698IM UT WOS:000285587500003 PM 21203478 ER PT J AU Selling, GW AF Selling, Gordon W. TI The effect of extrusion processing on Zein SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Zein; Thermal degradation; Extrusion; Protein degradation ID KDA ALPHA-ZEIN; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; TENSILE PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEINS AB Extrusion processing was carried out on zein where extrusion temperatures were varied between 100 and 300 degrees C. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal degradation begins around 220 degrees C. The color of the extrudate changed the most above temperatures of 160 degrees C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the protein begins cross-linking at 120 degrees C and chain cleavage begins above 180 degrees C. Examination of the protein structure of the extrudate using near and far-UV circular dichroism shows a gradual reduction in alpha-helix and beta-sheet content between 100 and 240 degrees C; above 240 degrees C the rate of secondary structure loss is increased. Infrared spectroscopy displayed differences in the carbonyl absorption with the carbonyl peak becoming narrower and shifting towards higher wavenumber with increased extrusion temperature. The peak at 1533 cm(-1) becomes slowly smaller with higher extrusion temperature until 220 degrees C after which its loss accelerates. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of new carbonyl peaks and the loss of alkoxyl carbons suggesting that in addition to protein backbone cleavage the alcohol moieties of serine and threonine are oxidizing to carboxylic acids. Tensile properties begin to deteriorate when extruding above 140 degrees C; extruding above 220 degrees C yields a material that cannot be molded. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 95 IS 12 BP 2241 EP 2249 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.09.013 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 701VJ UT WOS:000285851800004 ER PT J AU Muhidinov, ZK Fishman, ML Avloev, KK Norova, MT Nasriddinov, AS Khalikov, DK AF Muhidinov, Z. K. Fishman, M. L. Avloev, Kh Kh Norova, M. T. Nasriddinov, A. S. Khalikov, D. Kh TI Effect of Temperature on the Intrinsic Viscosity and Conformation of Different Pectins SO POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A LA English DT Article ID ORANGE ALBEDO; EXTRACTION AB The effects of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity and on the conformation of pectin obtained from Citrus, Apple and Sunflower in a 0.17M NaCl solution were studied. Mark - Houwink plots for Orange, Apple and Sunflower pectin were obtained using HPSEC with online light scattering and viscosity detection. The intrinsic viscosity and flow activation energy E(a) of pectin from the sources studied were measured over the temperature range 20-60 degrees C. E(a) values were 0.67, 0.69, 1.34, and 1.44 x 10(7) J/(kmol) for commercial Citrus, Orange, Sunflower and Apple pectin, respectively. Intrinsic viscosity decreased linearly with increasing temperature, for all pectins except Apple one. These results clearly indicated that Apple pectin underwent structural changes that were more drastic than those that occurred for pectin from the other sources. E(a) increased with decreasing weight average molar mass M(w) indicating that pectin with low M(w) were more asymmetric than pectin with higher values of M(w). Changes in the Huggins coefficients K(h) with temperature for pectin from the various sources were attributed to the ability of pectin to aggregate, disaggregate and re-aggregate according to the temperature at which it was stored. C1 [Muhidinov, Z. K.; Avloev, Kh Kh; Norova, M. T.; Nasriddinov, A. S.; Khalikov, D. Kh] Tajikistan Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan. [Fishman, M. L.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Muhidinov, ZK (reprint author), Tajikistan Acad Sci, Inst Chem, 299-2 Ainy Str, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan. EM zainy@mail.ru FU ISTC [T-1420]; USDA FX The authors would like to thank the USDA and ISTC (T-1420 project) for support of this research. Cooperation with H.K. Chau at the ERRC ARS USDA on SEC/MALLS experiments and data analysis is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0965-545X J9 POLYM SCI SER A+ JI Polym. Sci. Ser. A PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1257 EP 1263 DI 10.1134/S0965545X10120035 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 712KM UT WOS:000286665600003 ER PT J AU Huang, M Lu, RF AF Huang, Min Lu, Renfu TI Apple mealiness detection using hyperspectral scattering technique SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apple; Mealiness; Hardness; Juiciness; Hyperspectral scattering; Partial least squares discriminant analysis; Classification ID RESOLVED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FRUIT FIRMNESS; MRI TECHNIQUES; TEXTURE; IMPACT AB Mealiness is a symptom of fruit physiological disorder, which is characterized by abnormal softness and lack of free juice in the fruit. This research investigated the potential of hyperspectral scattering technique for detecting mealy apples. Spectral scattering profiles between 600 and 1000 nm were acquired, using a hyperspectral imaging system, for 'Red Delicious' apples that either had been kept in refrigerated air at 4 degrees C or undergone mealiness treatment at 20 degrees C and 95% relative humidity for various time periods of 0-5 weeks. The spectral scattering profiles at individual wavelengths were quantified by relative mean reflectance for 10 mm scattering distance for the test apples. The mealiness of the apples was determined by the hardness and juiciness measurements from destructive confined compression tests. Prediction models for hardness and juiciness were developed using partial least squares regression (PLS); they had low correlation with the destructive measurement (r <= 0.76 for hardness and r <= 0.54 for juiciness). Moreover, PLS discriminant models were built for two-class ('mealy' and 'nonmealy'), three-class ('mealy', 'semi-mealy' and 'fresh') and four-class ('mealy', 'soft', 'dry', and 'fresh') classification. The overall classification accuracies for the two classes of 'nonmealy' and 'mealy' apples were between 74.6% and 86.7%, while the overall accuracies in the three-class classification ranged between 60.2% and 71.2%. Much better results (>= 93% accuracy) were achieved for the two-class classification of 'mealy' apples that had undergone longer time of mealiness treatment (i.e., 4-5 weeks of storage at 20 degrees C and 95% relative humidity). Hyperspectral scattering technique is potentially useful for nondestructive detection of apple mealiness; however, improvements in classification accuracy are needed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Huang, Min] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Commun & Control Engn, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM huangmzqb@163.com; renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [60805014]; Jiangnan University [JUSRP20913] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Diwan Ariana, Mr. Benjamin Bailey and Ms. Haiyan Cen for their technical support and advice for this research. Dr. Min Huang gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 60805014) and the Self-determined Research Program of Jiangnan University (Grant no. JUSRP20913). NR 29 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.08.002 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 672FC UT WOS:000283567400001 ER PT J AU Macarisin, D Droby, S Bauchan, G Wisniewski, M AF Macarisin, Dumitru Droby, Samir Bauchan, Gary Wisniewski, Michael TI Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in the yeast antagonist-fruit interaction: A new role for reactive oxygen species in postharvest biocontrol? SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Postharvest biological control; Yeast antagonists; Reactive oxygen species; Superoxide anion; Hydrogen peroxide ID ENHANCING DISEASE RESISTANCE; APOPLASTIC OXIDATIVE BURST; DEFENSE RESPONSES; METHYL JASMONATE; SUSPENSION CELLS; SALICYLIC-ACID; PLANT DEFENSE; APPLE FRUIT; PEACH FRUIT; MECHANISMS AB The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant defense responses against certain pathogens is well documented. There is some evidence that microbial biocontrol agents also induce a transient production of ROS in a host plant which triggers local and systemic defense responses to pathogens. The ability of biocontrol agents used to control postharvest diseases to induce defense-related oxidative responses in fruits, however, has not been explored. Here we show that the yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate greater levels of super oxide anion (O(2)(-)) on intact fruit surfaces (poor in nutrients) then those applied on a nutrient-poor agar medium. Even though yeast antagonists show a high level of O(2)(-) on nutrient-rich media, when applied on fruits around wounds (areas abundant in nutrients) accumulation of O(2)(-), as detected by nitro blue tetrazolium staining, occurred much more rapidly on the latter. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H(2)O(2) accumulation in host tissue. In citrus fruit, the level of H(2)O(2) around inoculated wounds increased by 4-fold compared to controls (wounds inoculated with water) as early as 18 h after inoculation. Yeast continued to stimulate H(2)O(2) production in citrus fruit up to 66 h after inoculation and H(2)O(2) levels were still 3-fold above the control. Living yeast cells were detected in fruit wounds at this time point indicating the ability of M. fructicola to tolerate host ROS, which has been reported to be an intrinsic characteristic of efficient yeast antagonists. Similar increase in H(2)O(2) accumulation around yeast-inoculated wounds was observed in apple fruit exocarp. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H(2)O(2) production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Droby, Samir] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Macarisin, Dumitru; Wisniewski, Michael] USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Bauchan, Gary] USDA ARS, Elect &Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Droby, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM samird@volcani.agri.gov.il; michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) [IS-4268-09] FX This research was partially supported by a grant (IS-4268-09) received from the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.07.008 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 672FC UT WOS:000283567400004 ER PT J AU Macnish, AJ Morris, KL de Theije, A Mensink, MGJ Boerrigter, HAM Reid, MS Jiang, CZ Woltering, EJ AF Macnish, Andrew J. Morris, Kristy L. de Theije, Annemarie Mensink, Manon G. J. Boerrigter, Henry A. M. Reid, Michael S. Jiang, Cai-Zhong Woltering, Ernst J. TI Sodium hypochlorite: A promising agent for reducing Botrytis cinerea infection on rose flowers SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Botrytis cinerea; Flowers; Sodium hypochlorite; Postharvest; Rosa x hybrida ID CUT ROSES; CHLORINE; CONIDIA; PREHARVEST; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA; HUMIDITY; DISEASE; MOLD AB Botrytis cinerea is a fungal pathogen that greatly reduces the postharvest quality of rose flowers. A postharvest dip in 200 mu L L(-1) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 10 s at 20 degrees C provided the greatest control of B. cinerea on 'Akito' and 'Gold Strike' flowers. NaOCl derived from Clorox (R) Ultra household bleach solution was more effective than laboratory grade NaOCl in reducing disease symptoms. Lowering the pH of the NaOCl solution from pH 9.7 (unadjusted) to pH 7.0 greatly improved its efficacy. Treating 'Gold Strike' flowers in this pH-adjusted NaOCl solution was more effective in reducing the level of infection on petals than postharvest dips in the conventional fungicides Medallion (R), Phyton (R), Switch (R) and Vangard (R). Applying NaOCl prior to a 3- or 10-d commercial shipment also provided the most consistent disease control for a wide range of rose cultivars as compared to conventional fungicides. Of particular interest, the efficacy of NaOCl and Phyton (R) was greatest when these compounds were applied to 'Gold Strike' flowers after incubation at 20 degrees C and 90% RH for 6-9 h. Our findings highlight NaOCl as a promising new candidate for the control of B. cinerea on rose flowers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jiang, Cai-Zhong] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Macnish, Andrew J.; Morris, Kristy L.; de Theije, Annemarie; Reid, Michael S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mensink, Manon G. J.; Boerrigter, Henry A. M.; Woltering, Ernst J.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Agrotechnol & Food Sci Group, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Jiang, CZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cjiang@ucdavis.edu; Ernst.woltering@wur.nl OI Jiang, Cai-Zhong/0000-0002-5972-7963 FU Maersk Line; Joseph H. Hill Memorial Foundation; USDA Floriculture Initiative FX We thank the Maersk Line, the Joseph H. Hill Memorial Foundation, and the USDA Floriculture Initiative for partial funding of this study. We also acknowledge Sireena Chieng for technical assistance with experiments, and Jerome Braun, Angadh Singh, Yin Jin and Hui Wang for advice on statistics. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.07.014 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 672FC UT WOS:000283567400013 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, RM Cheng, HW AF Marchant-Forde, R. M. Cheng, H. W. TI Different effects of infrared and one-half hot blade beak trimming on beak topography and growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared beak trimming; hot blade beak trimming; beak morphology; growth; laying hen ID WHITE LEGHORN PULLETS; GALLUS VAR DOMESTICUS; EGG-STRAIN PULLETS; GENETIC STOCKS; BODY-WEIGHT; NEUROMA FORMATION; LAYING HENS; FOOD-INTAKE; HEART-RATE; BEHAVIOR AB This study examined the effects of infrared beak treatment (IR-BT) and hot blade beak trimming (HB-BT) on beak length and production in laying hen pullets. Seventy-two 1-d-old birds were randomly assigned to the HB-BT, IR-BT, or control group. Birds were pair housed by treatment, and beak images and production indices were obtained posttreatment at fixed intervals for 10 wk. Immediately after treatment, HB-BT beaks were shorter than control or IR-BT beaks (P < 0.01), whereas control and IR-BT beaks remained comparable in length until the onset of tissue degeneration and erosion of the IR-BT beaks at 1 to 2 wk posttreatment. At wk 2 posttreatment, beaks were longest in control birds, intermediate in IR-BT birds, and shortest in HB-BT birds (P < 0.01). Thereafter, an increase in beak length in all treatments was observed over time (P < 0.01), but HB-BT beaks had the greatest regrowth. The beak length of birds in the HB-BT group was similar to that of birds in the IR-BT group from wk 3 to 8, and then grew longer at wk 9 and 10 posttreatment (P < 0.01). The effects of treatments on BW emerged at d 5 posttreatment. The BW of birds in the HB-BT group was suppressed up to and including wk 9 posttreatment compared with that of control birds (P < 0.05) and was significantly lower than that of birds in the IR-BT group between 2 and 4 wk posttreatment (P < 0.05). Birds in the IR-BT group did not differ from control birds after wk 3 posttreatment (P < 0.05). By the final week of the study, differences in BW across treatments were no longer apparent (P > 0.05). For the most part, feed intake was higher in control birds, intermediate in birds in the IR-BT group, and lowest in birds in the HB-BT group until wk 9 posttreatment (P < 0.05). Similarly, feed waste was generally higher in control birds and least in birds in the HB-BT group (P < 0.05). The IR-BT treatment appeared to be more effective at inhibiting beak regrowth, with a less pronounced effect on feed intake than the HB-BT treatment in laying hen pullets. C1 [Marchant-Forde, R. M.; Cheng, H. W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 125 Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 12 BP 2559 EP 2564 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00890 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 679GM UT WOS:000284149800002 PM 21076092 ER PT J AU Olanrewaju, HA Purswell, JL Collier, SD Branton, SL AF Olanrewaju, H. A. Purswell, J. L. Collier, S. D. Branton, S. L. TI Effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on physiological reactions of heavy broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE temperature; light intensity; acid-base balance; broiler; well-being ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; CHOLESTEROL RATIO; STRESS; WATER; PARAMETERS; VARIABLES; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; URINARY AB The effects of ambient temperature, light intensity, and their interaction on blood acid-base balance, metabolites, and electrolytes in broiler chickens under environmentally controlled conditions were examined in 2 trials. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design. The 9 treatments consisted of 3 levels of temperatures (low = 15.6 degrees C; moderate = 21.1 degrees C; high = 26.7 degrees C) from 21 to 56 d of age and 3 levels of light intensities (0.5, 3.0, 20 lx) from 8 to 56 d of age at 50% RH. A total of 540 Ross 708 chicks were randomly distributed into 9 environmentally controlled chambers (30 male and 30 female chicks/chamber) at 1 d of age. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Venous blood samples were collected on d 21 (baseline), 28, 42, and 56. High ambient temperature significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced BW, partial pressure of CO(2), bicarbonate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, K(+), and Na(+) along with significantly (P = 0.05) elevated pH level, Cl(-), glucose, osmolality, and anion gap concentrations. Partial pressure of O(2) was slightly increased in response to increased ambient temperature. There was no effect of light intensity on most of the blood variables examined. Acid-base regulation during high ambient temperature and light intensity exposure did not deteriorate despite a lower partial pressure of CO(2), which consequently increased blood pH because of a compensatory decrease in HCO(3)(-) concentration. Plasma corticosterone was not affected by temperature, light intensity, or their interaction. These results indicate that continuous exposure of broiler chickens to varying light intensities had a minor effect on physiological blood variables, whereas high ambient temperature markedly affected various blood variables without inducing stress in broilers. C1 [Olanrewaju, H. A.; Purswell, J. L.; Collier, S. D.; Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Olanrewaju, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Hammed.Olanrewaju@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 12 BP 2668 EP 2677 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00806 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 679GM UT WOS:000284149800016 PM 21076106 ER PT J AU Chen, WQ Qu, DJ Zhai, LP Tao, MF Wang, YM Lin, SJ Price, NPJ Deng, ZX AF Chen, Wenqing Qu, Dongjing Zhai, Lipeng Tao, Meifeng Wang, Yemin Lin, Shuangjun Price, Neil P. J. Deng, Zixin TI Characterization of the tunicamycin gene cluster unveiling unique steps involved in its biosynthesis SO PROTEIN & CELL LA English DT Article DE tunicamycin; biosynthetic gene cluster; high-throughput heterologous expression; bioassay; combinatorial biosynthesis AB Tunicamycin, a potent reversible translocase I inhibitor, is produced by several Actinomycetes species. The tunicamycin structure is highly unusual, and contains an 11-carbon dialdose sugar and an alpha, beta-1 '', 11'-glycosidic linkage. Here we report the identification of a gene cluster essential for tunicamycin biosynthesis by high-throughput heterologous expression (HHE) strategy combined with a bioassay. Introduction of the genes into heterologous non-producing Streptomyces hosts results in production of tunicamycin by these strains, demonstrating the role of the genes for the biosynthesis of tunicamycins. Gene disruption experiments coupled with bioinformatic analysis revealed that the tunicamycin gene cluster is minimally composed of 12 genes (tunA-tunL). Amongst these is a putative radical SAM enzyme (Tun B) with a potentially unique role in biosynthetic carbon-carbon bond formation. Hence, a seven-step novel pathway is proposed for tunicamycin biosynthesis. Moreover, two gene clusters for the potential biosynthesis of tunicamycin-like antibiotics were also identified in Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 and Actinosynnema mirums DSM 43827. These data provide clarification of the novel mechanisms for tunicamycin biosynthesis, and for the generation of new-designer tunicamycin analogs with selective/enhanced bioactivity via combinatorial biosynthesis strategies. C1 [Chen, Wenqing; Qu, Dongjing; Zhai, Lipeng; Tao, Meifeng; Wang, Yemin; Lin, Shuangjun; Deng, Zixin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Lab Microbial Metab, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Chen, Wenqing; Qu, Dongjing; Zhai, Lipeng; Tao, Meifeng; Wang, Yemin; Lin, Shuangjun; Deng, Zixin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Price, Neil P. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Chen, Wenqing; Deng, Zixin] Wuhan Univ, Coll Pharm, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. RP Deng, ZX (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Lab Microbial Metab, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM neil.price@ars.usda.gov; zxdeng@sjtu.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program (973 Program); National Programs for High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) from the Ministry of Science and Technology; National Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Education, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality; Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project [B203] FX We are sincerely grateful to Dr. Hyung-Jin Kwon, Myongji University, Dept. Biologic Sciences, Yongin, S. Korea, for helpful discussion and many valuable comments. We'd also like to acknowledge the help of my NCAUR-ARS-USDA colleagues David Labeda and Michael Bowman of NCAUR-ARS-USDA, Peoria, I. L., who helped with the culturing and MS of the various Actinosynnema strains. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) and the National Programs for High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Education, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project B203. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-800X J9 PROTEIN CELL JI Protein Cell PD DEC PY 2010 VL 1 IS 12 BP 1093 EP 1105 DI 10.1007/s13238-010-0127-6 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V25XY UT WOS:000208511900007 PM 21153459 ER PT J AU Natarajan, SS AF Natarajan, Savithiry S. TI Natural variability in abundance of prevalent soybean proteins SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Workshop on Evaluating Biological Variation in Non-Transgenic Crops CY NOV 16-17, 2009 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Soybean; G. soja; G. max; 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS; Conglycinin; Glycinin ID KUNITZ TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; M BD 30K; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; IMMUNODOMINANT ALLERGEN; STORAGE PROTEIN; SEED ALLERGENS; GLYCINE-SOJA; WILD; GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION AB Soybean is an inexpensive source of protein for humans and animals. Genetic modifications (GMO) to soybean have become inevitable on two fronts, both quality and yield will need to improve to meet increasing global demand. To ensure the safety of the crop for consumers it is important to determine the natural variation in seed protein constituents as well as any unintended changes that may occur in the GMO as a result of genetic modification. Understanding the natural variation of seed proteins in wild and cultivated soybeans that have been used in conventional soybean breeding programs is critical for determining unintended protein expression in GMO soybeans. In recent years, proteomic technologies have been used as an effective analytical tool for examining modifications of protein profiles. We have standardized and applied these technologies to determine and quantify the spectrum of proteins present in soybean seed. We used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the separation, quantification, and identification of different classes of soybean seed proteins. We have observed significant variations in different classes of proteins, including storage, allergen and anti-nutritional protein profiles, between non-GMO cultivated and wild soybean varieties. This information is useful for scientists and regulatory agencies to determine whether the unintended expression of proteins found in transgenic soybean is within the range of natural variation. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, SS (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM savi.natarajan@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 SU 1 BP S26 EP S29 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.08.005 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 693GZ UT WOS:000285213900006 PM 20709130 ER PT J AU Whitebird, RR Bliss, DZ Savik, K Lowry, A Jung, HJG AF Whitebird, Robin R. Bliss, Donna Zimmaro Savik, Kay Lowry, Ann Jung, Hans-Joachim G. TI Comparing Community and Specialty Provider-Based Recruitment in a Randomized Clinical Trial: Clinical Trial in Fecal Incontinence SO RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE recruitment; retention; cultural diversity; randomized controlled trials; fecal incontinence; fiber ID OLDER-ADULTS; STRATEGIES; PARTICIPATION; INTERVENTION; ENROLLMENT; BARRIERS; FIBER AB Recruitment of participants to clinical trials remains a significant challenge, especially for research addressing topics of a sensitive nature such as fecal incontinence (FI). In the Fiber Study, a randomized controlled trial on symptom management for FI, we successfully enrolled 189 community-living adults through collaborations with specialty-based and community-based settings, each employing methods tailored to the organizational characteristics of their site. Results show that using the two settings increased racial and ethnic diversity of the sample and inclusion of informal caregivers. There were no differential effects on enrollment, final eligibility, or completion of protocol by site. Strategic collaborations with complementary sites can achieve sample recruitment goals for clinical trials on topics that are sensitive or known to be underreported. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:500-511, 2010 C1 [Whitebird, Robin R.] HealthPartners Res Fdn, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. [Bliss, Donna Zimmaro; Savik, Kay] Univ Minnesota, Sch Nursing, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lowry, Ann] Colon & Rectal Surg Associates LTD, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Lowry, Ann] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] USDA ARS, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Whitebird, RR (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, 8170 33rd Ave S,MS2111R, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. FU National Institute of Nursing Research (NIH) [R01-NR07756-05A] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Nursing Research (NIH); Contract grant number: R01-NR07756-05A. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0160-6891 J9 RES NURS HEALTH JI Res. Nurs. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 500 EP 511 DI 10.1002/nur.20408 PG 12 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 677ZP UT WOS:000284037000004 PM 21053384 ER PT J AU Tempia, S Salman, MD Keefe, T Morley, P Freier, JE DeMartini, JC Wamwayi, HM Njeumi, F Soumare, B Abdi, AM AF Tempia, S. Salman, M. D. Keefe, T. Morley, P. Freier, J. E. DeMartini, J. C. Wamwayi, H. M. Njeumi, F. Soumare, B. Abdi, A. M. TI A sero-survey of rinderpest in nomadic pastoral systems in central and southern Somalia from 2002 to 2003, using a spatially integrated random sampling approach SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Cluster; Geographic information system; Random sampling; Rinderpest; Risk factor; Seroprevalence; Somalia; Spatial analysis ID STATISTICS; VIRUS; GOODNESS; GOATS AB A cross-sectional sero-survey, using a two-stage cluster sampling design, was conducted between 2002 and 2003 in ten administrative regions of central and southern Somalia, to estimate the seroprevalence and geographic distribution of rinderpest (RP) in the study area, as well as to identify potential risk factors for the observed seroprevalence distribution. The study was also used to test the feasibility of the spatially integrated investigation technique in nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoral systems. In the absence of a systematic list of livestock holdings, the primary sampling units were selected by generating random map coordinates. A total of 9,216 serum samples were collected from cattle aged 12 to 36 months at 562 sampling sites. Two apparent clusters of RP seroprevalence were detected. Four potential risk factors associated with the observed seroprevalence were identified: the mobility of cattle herds, the cattle population density, the proximity of cattle herds to cattle trade routes and cattle herd size. Risk maps were then generated to assist in designing more targeted surveillance strategies. The observed seroprevalence in these areas declined over time. In subsequent years, similar seroprevalence studies in neighbouring areas of Kenya and Ethiopia also showed a very low seroprevalence of RP or the absence of antibodies against RP. The progressive decline in RP antibody prevalence is consistent with virus extinction. Verification of freedom from RP infection in the Somali ecosystem is currently in progress. C1 [Tempia, S.; Salman, M. D.; Morley, P.] Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Keefe, T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth & Radiobiol Sci, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Freier, J. E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [DeMartini, J. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wamwayi, H. M.; Abdi, A. M.] Terra Nuova E Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. [Njeumi, F.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Soumare, B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Dakar, Senegal. RP Tempia, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU European Commission; Italian Government; Swiss Government FX Sincere appreciation goes to the Director and colleagues at the African Union - Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) for their technical guidance and institutional support, and the staff of the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Veterinary Research Centre (KARI-VRC), at Muguga, Kenya, for their technical expertise and diagnostic support. The generous financial support provided by the European Commission and Italian and Swiss Governments to implement this study is highly appreciated. The authors are also deeply indebted to the Somali Livestock Professional Associations and their members for carrying out this study in the field. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 497 EP 511 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 729ZQ UT WOS:000287993600006 PM 21309450 ER PT J AU Tung, CW Zhao, KY Wright, MH Ali, ML Jung, J Kimball, J Tyagi, W Thomson, MJ McNally, K Leung, H Kim, H Ahn, SN Reynolds, A Scheffler, B Eizenga, G McClung, A Bustamante, C McCouch, SR AF Tung, Chih-Wei Zhao, Keyan Wright, Mark H. Ali, M. Liakat Jung, Janelle Kimball, Jennifer Tyagi, Wricha Thomson, Michael J. McNally, Kenneth Leung, Hei Kim, Hyunjung Ahn, Sang-Nag Reynolds, Andy Scheffler, Brian Eizenga, Georgia McClung, Anna Bustamante, Carlos McCouch, Susan R. TI Development of a Research Platform for Dissecting Phenotype-Genotype Associations in Rice (Oryza spp.) SO RICE LA English DT Article DE Genome-wide association mapping; Rice phenotyping; SNP genotyping; Linkage disequilibrium; Chromosome segment substitution lines; Oryza rufipogon; Oryza sativa ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SATIVA L.; WILD-RICE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CULTIVATED RICE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RUFIPOGON GRIFF.; O-RUFIPOGON AB We present an overview of a research platform that provides essential germplasm, genotypic and phenotypic data and analytical tools for dissecting phenotype-genotype associations in rice. These resources include a diversity panel of 400 Oryza sativa and 100 Oryza rufipogon accessions that have been purified by single seed descent, a custom-designed Affymetrix array consisting of 44,100 SNPs, an Illumina GoldenGate assay consisting of 1,536 SNPs, and a suite of low-resolution 384-SNP assays for the Illumina BeadXpress Reader that are designed for applications in breeding, genetics and germplasm management. Our long-term goal is to empower basic research discoveries in rice by linking sequence diversity with physiological, morphological, and agronomic variation. This research platform will also help increase breeding efficiency by providing a database of diversity information that will enable researchers to identify useful DNA polymorphisms in genes and germplasm of interest and convert that information into cost-effective tools for applied plant improvement. C1 [Tung, Chih-Wei; Jung, Janelle; Kim, Hyunjung; McCouch, Susan R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Wright, Mark H.; Reynolds, Andy; Bustamante, Carlos] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Bustamante, Carlos] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Eizenga, Georgia; McClung, Anna] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Ali, M. Liakat] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Thomson, Michael J.; McNally, Kenneth; Leung, Hei] Int Rice Res Inst, Plant Breeding Genet & Biotechnol Div, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. [Ahn, Sang-Nag] Chungnam Natl Univ, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Scheffler, Brian] USDA ARS, USDA CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM srm4@cornell.edu OI Wright, Mark/0000-0001-8036-1161; McNally, Kenneth/0000-0002-9613-5537; TUNG, CHIH-WEI/0000-0001-5337-0177; Thomson, Michael/0000-0003-1868-6867; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU National Science Foundation [0606461]; Crop Functional Genomics Center, Republic of Korea [CG3113]; Government of Japan; USAID FX We thank Teresa Hancock and Heather Maupin for their valuable assistance in phenotyping of the rice diversity panel, Daniel Wood, Fumio "Gen" Onishi and Kazi Akther for crossing and genotyping during CSSL development, and Dr. Rolfe Bryant (USDA-ARS Stuttgart, AR) for help with chemical analyses. This project is funded by the National Science Foundation Award 0606461 (to SMc; GE; AM; CB), the Crop Functional Genomics Center of the 21st Century Frontier Research Program (Project no. CG3113), Republic of Korea (to S-N. Ahn), and USAID Linkage Program and the Government of Japan (to IRRI). NR 59 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-8425 EI 1939-8433 J9 RICE JI Rice PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s12284-010-9056-5 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 735QP UT WOS:000288432300001 ER PT J AU Pelletier, MG Viera, JA AF Pelletier, Mathew G. Viera, Joseph A. TI Low-Cost Electronic Microwave Calibration for Rapid On-Line Moisture Sensing of Seedcotton SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE cotton; moisture; sensing; microwave ID NETWORK ANALYZER AB In order to improve rapid on-line moisture sensing of seedcotton in cotton gins, a means by which to establish a reliable low-cost wide-band electronic calibration is critically needed. This calibration is needed to center the circuit due to changes in the internal signal delays and attenuation drift caused by temperature changes in the various system components and circuit elements. This research examines a hardware technique for use in conjunction with microwave reflective sensing probes having an extended bandwidth from 500 MHz through 2.5 GHz. This new technique was validated experimentally against known electrical propagation delay standards. Results of the measured propagation delay with this type of automatic electronic calibration method was found to agree with results using a vector network analyzer with a traditional S11 single port error correction calibration methodology to within 4% of the measurement, 95% confidence, with a standard error of +/-18.6 ps for the delay measurements. At this level of performance, the proposed low-cost technique exhibits superior performance, over the typical geosciences time-domain reflectometer "TDR", instruments in common use in soil moisture testing and is suitable for use in cotton gin moisture sensing. C1 [Pelletier, Mathew G.] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Pelletier, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM mathew.pelletier@ars.usda.gov; jviera@microsemi.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 12 BP 11088 EP 11099 DI 10.3390/s101211088 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 700CB UT WOS:000285708700032 PM 22163514 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Diaz, D Gosnell, H AF Charnley, Susan Diaz, David Gosnell, Hannah TI Mitigating Climate Change Through Small-Scale Forestry in the USA: Opportunities and Challenges SO SMALL-SCALE FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Family forest owners; Forest carbon offsets; Carbon markets ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HEMLOCK FORESTS; CONSERVING OAK; WILDFIRE; STORES; CERTIFICATION; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT AB Forest management for carbon sequestration is a low-cost, low-technology, relatively easy way to help mitigate global climate change that can be adopted now while additional long-term solutions are developed. Carbon-oriented management of forests also offers forest owners an opportunity to obtain a new source of income, and commonly has environmental co-benefits. The USA is developing climate change policy that recognizes forestry as a source of offsets in carbon markets, and the emissions trading programs and standards that have developed to date offer opportunities for afforestation, reforestation, reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and improved forest management projects. Private forest owners are key players in carbon markets because they own over half of the forest land in the USA and carbon offsetting from public forest land is rare. However, a number of environmental, economic, and social constraints currently limit carbon market participation by forest owners. Key issues include: the low price of carbon and high cost of market entry; whether small landowners can gain market access; how to meet requirements such as management plans and certification; and whether managing for carbon is consistent with other forest management goals. This paper provides an overview of current and emerging opportunities for family forest owners to contribute to climate change mitigation in the USA, and explores ways of overcoming some of the challenges so that they can take advantage of these opportunities. C1 [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Diaz, David] Forest Trends, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Gosnell, Hannah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us FU United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service FX The funding for this research was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. We are extremely grateful to Paige Fischer for her helpful suggestions on this manuscript. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1873-7617 J9 SMALL-SCALE FOR JI Small-Scale For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 445 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s11842-010-9135-x PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 714LM UT WOS:000286811100004 ER PT J AU Yin, CT Jones, KL Peterson, DE Garrett, KA Hulbert, SH Paulitz, TC AF Yin, Chuntao Jones, Kenneth L. Peterson, Dallas E. Garrett, Karen A. Hulbert, Scot H. Paulitz, Timothy C. TI Members of soil bacterial communities sensitive to tillage and crop rotation SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pyrosequencing; Tillage; Rotation; 16S rDNA; Acidobacteria; Gemmatimonadetes; Wheat; Soybean; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; LAND-USE; PROKARYOTIC DIVERSITY; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MANAGEMENT REGIME; FATTY-ACIDS; NO-TILLAGE; BIOMASS; IMPACT AB Pyrosequencing was used to study the effect of rotation and tillage on total bacterial communities. We designed primers to the bacterial 16s rDNA and amplified DNA from soil samples from a long-term tillage/rotation trial in Kansas for two seasons. The 2 x 2 factorial trial had two rotation treatments (wheat wheat and wheat soybean) and two tillage treatments (conventional and no-till). A total of 20,180 16s rDNA sequences were generated and 2337 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assembled using a 97% similarity cut-off. The phylum Proteobacteria represented 38% of 299 identified taxa. The second most abundant phylum was Acidobacteria, making up 20% of the sequences, the majority of which were Acidobacteria Group 1. The phyla Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes comprised 12% and 3.5% of the sequences. Other groups detected included TM7, Nitrospira, Verruco-microbia, and Bacteroidetes. Some clusters of Acidobacteria Group 1 were more frequent in continuous wheat versus wheat soybean rotation, some Acidobacteria Group 2 were more frequent in no-till, and some Acidobacteria Group 4 were more frequent in wheat soybean rotation. These results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Pyrosequencing provided taxonomic information about the overall bacterial community, and detected community shifts resulting from different cropping practices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Paulitz, Timothy C.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, Timothy C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Garrett, Karen A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Peterson, Dallas E.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Jones, Kenneth L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yin, Chuntao; Hulbert, Scot H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Rm 363,Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu RI yin, chuntao/C-8503-2012; OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU NSF [EPS-0236913, DEB-0516046, EF-0525712]; R. J. Cook Endowed Chair; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX We acknowledge funding from the R. J. Cook Endowed Chair, NSF Grants EPS-0236913, DEB-0516046 and EF-0525712, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank Linda Thomashow for a critical reading of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2111 EP 2118 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 681EQ UT WOS:000284294600010 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Collins, HP Bailey, VL AF Smith, Jeffrey L. Collins, Harold P. Bailey, Vanessa L. TI The effect of young biochar on soil respiration SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biochar; Carbon sequestration; Soil respiration; partial derivative(13)C ID AMENDMENT; CHARCOAL; FERTILITY; CARBON AB The low temperature pyrolysis of organic material produces biochar, a charcoal like substance. Biochar is being promoted as a soil amendment to enhance soil quality, it is also seen as a mechanism of long-term sequestration of carbon. Our experiments tested the hypothesis that biochar is inert in soil. However, we measured an increase in CO(2) production from soils after biochar amendment which increased with increasing rates of biochar. The partial derivative(13)C signature of the CO(2) evolved in the first several days of the incubation was the same as the partial derivative(13)C signature of the biochar, confirming that biochar contributed to the CO(2) flux. This effect diminished by day 6 of the incubation suggesting that most of the biochar C is slowly decomposing. Thus, aside from this short-term mineralization increasing soil C with young biochar may indeed be a long-term C storage mechanism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Collins, Harold P.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Bailey, Vanessa L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jlsmith@wsu.edu; hal.collins@ars.usda.gov; vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate Change Research Division [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate Change Research Division under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 10 TC 166 Z9 194 U1 12 U2 149 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2345 EP 2347 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.013 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 681EQ UT WOS:000284294600038 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD Green, TR Bonta, JV Seyfried, MS Evett, SR AF Logsdon, Sally D. Green, Timothy R. Bonta, Jim V. Seyfried, Mark S. Evett, Steven R. TI Comparison of Electrical and Thermal Conductivities for Soils From Five States SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heat conductance; sorbed water content; electrical conductance ID HEAT-PULSE METHOD; WATER-CONTENT; POROUS-MEDIA; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; PROBE; TIME; CALIBRATION; DENSITY; CATION AB The arrangement of soil particles, particle size, mineralogy, solute concentration, and bulk density affects electrical (sigma) and thermal (lambda) conductivities, which are key properties for estimating soil physical states, subsurface water and energy balances, and land-atmosphere interactions. The purpose of this study was to compare how sigma and lambda change as a function of water content for soils under different vegetation and with different properties. Soil samples were collected from selected field sites in Idaho, Texas, Colorado, Iowa, and Ohio and packed into cylinders at a density of 1.2 Mg m(-3) and then wetted to predetermined water contents (circle minus) between 0.10 and 0.45 m(3) m(-3). A thermo-time domain reflectometer was used to determine sigma and lambda at each circle minus at room temperature. Soil and vegetation-influenced differences within a state were only occasionally statistically significant; however, differences between states were highly significant for both sigma and lambda. The lambda decreased as the amount of sorbed water (related to soil-specific surface area) increased. The lambda increased more rapidly at low water contents than did sigma, but sigma increased more rapidly at high water contents. Changes in sigma and lambda with water content are related to the changing tortuosity of the solid plus liquid phases versus only the liquid phase (including sorbed water). This study contributes toward improved understanding of soil thermal and electrical conductivities over a range of soils. C1 [Logsdon, Sally D.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Green, Timothy R.] USDA ARS, Ag Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Seyfried, Mark S.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sally.logsdon@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 175 IS 12 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181fce006 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 690YQ UT WOS:000285046800001 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Ducey, T Tarkalson, D AF Ippolito, James Anthony Ducey, Tom Tarkalson, David TI Copper Impacts on Corn, Soil Extractability, and the Soil Bacterial Community SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Copper; corn; soil bacterial community; DTPA-extractable copper ID CALCAREOUS SOILS; LONG-TERM; HEAVY-METALS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; PLANTS; ACID; ZINC; AVAILABILITY; SOLUBILITY AB Dairies use CuSO(4) footbaths to control hoof infections, with Cu accumulation in agricultural soils realized when spent footbaths are disposed of in waste lagoons and subsequently used for irrigation. We investigated the effect of Cu applications (up to 1000 mg kg(-1)) to a Xeric Haplocalcid (Declo series) and a Typic Calciaquoll (Logan series) on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and Cu concentration, soil total and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cu, and the soil bacterial community diversity using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis followed by cluster analysis. Copper application up to 250 mg kg(-1) did not affect corn growth; at 500 mg Cu kg(-1), corn growth was reduced by up to 80%. The 250 and 500 mg kg(-1) Cu application rates increased corn Cu content grown in Declo soil, whereas the 500 mg kg(-1) Cu application rate increased Logan soil corn Cu. Regardless of initial application rate, 60% to 75% of the added Cu was still plant available. Comparing DTPA-extractable Cu with corn Cu concentrations for the Declo and Logan soils, 130 or 220, and 215 or 300 mg kg(-1) of DTPA-extractable soil Cu would be detrimental in terms of sheep and cattle dietary Cu intake, respectively. As Cu concentrations increased, bacterial diversity decreased, and species evenness remained high, suggesting that few phylotypes predominated within the ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis profiles. To prevent excessive corn Cu accumulation and negative impacts on the soil bacterial community, it is recommended that available soil Cu not exceed 130 mg kg(-1) in agroecosystems associated with these soil series. C1 [Ippolito, James Anthony; Tarkalson, David] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Ducey, Tom] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N,3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 175 IS 12 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181fe2960 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 690YQ UT WOS:000285046800003 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Mikha, MM Warren, JG Gilfillen, B Acosta-Martinez, V Willian, T AF Sistani, Karamat R. Mikha, Maysoon M. Warren, Jason G. Gilfillen, Becky Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Willian, Todd TI Nutrient Source and Tillage Impact on Corn Grain Yield and Soil Properties SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Broiler litter; poultry manure; dairy manure; corn; tillage; phosphorus ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; MANURE APPLICATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; POULTRY LITTER; CROP; FERTILIZER; COTTON; AMENDMENT; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF AB Large amounts of animal manure, particularly poultry litter and dairy manure, are generated in southeastern United States, where corn (Zea mays L.) is also extensively grown. Characterizations of management practices and long-term manure and soil nutrient dynamics are critical. This study examined corn grain yield and soil nutrient status under three nutrient sources (two rates of each) as follows: inorganic fertilizer, poultry litter, and dairy manure compared with a nontreated control under two tillage practices (no-till and incorporated). Treatments were replicated four times in a split-plot design from 2004 to 2007. Soil samples were taken annually in the spring before treatment application to evaluate the status of the residual nutrients in soil. Significant differences in corn grain yield between the two tillage practices (main effect) were observed in all 4 years. The high rate of poultry litter application produced similar grain yield as inorganic fertilizer. However, results from dairy manure were not as consistent as poultry litter. After 4 years of poultry litter application, Mehlich-3 (M-3) phosphorus (P) increased from an initial 31.4 to 63.0 mg kg(-1) for the 4.5 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) rate and to 178 mg kg(-1) for the 13.5 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) rate. More specifically, 5.2 kg ha(-1) year(-1) of P applied as poultry litter increased soil M-3 P by 1 mg kg(-1) after 4 years of application. Results indicated that poultry litter is a primary fertilizer at the rate of 13.5 Mg ha(-1) applied in four consecutive years on a silt loam soil-produced corn grain yields similar to inorganic fertilizer under both no-till and incorporated systems and did not result in residual soil test P, Cu, and zinc levels considered to be harmful to surface water or cropping systems. C1 [Sistani, Karamat R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Mikha, Maysoon M.] USDA ARS, Akron, CO USA. [Warren, Jason G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Gilfillen, Becky; Willian, Todd] Western Kentucky Univ, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM karamat.sistani@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 175 IS 12 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181fbdfee PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 690YQ UT WOS:000285046800004 ER PT J AU Racelis, AE Goolsby, JA Penk, R Jones, WK Roland, TJ AF Racelis, Alex E. Goolsby, J. A. Penk, R. Jones, W. K. Roland, T. J. TI Development of an Inundative, Aerial Release Technique for the Arundo Wasp, Biological Control Agent of the Invasive Arundo donax L. SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE BASIN; GIANT REED; HYMENOPTERA EURYTOMIDAE; TETRAMESA-ROMANA AB A box aerial-release system has been developed for the mass release of the arundo wasp, Tetramesa romana Walker, a biological control agent of giant reed, Arundo donax L., an invasive weed of waterways and riparian areas in the southwestern U.S. and Mexico. Because A. donax infests lengthy stretches of remote areas inaccessible by vehicle, an aerial release system may be the best way to disseminate biological control agents. The release system involves a paper box that can be easily loaded with chilled, immobile insects. The box opens upon contact with blades installed on a chute in the floor of an airplane. Preliminary tests in the field demonstrated the effectiveness of this system. All boxes recovered after test releases were successfully opened by the release chutes. Post-release emergence rates of insects were great and insect mortality rates were low, especially at moderate ambient temperatures (20-25 degrees C). The box aerial-release system proves to be an appropriate method for release, especially at the early stages of an inundative biological control program for A. donax. C1 [Racelis, Alex E.; Goolsby, J. A.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Penk, R.; Jones, W. K.; Roland, T. J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Racelis, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.3958/059.035.0401 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 704DO UT WOS:000286031500001 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Long, DB AF Campbell, Tyler A. Long, David B. TI ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF WILD BOARS (SUS SCROFA) IN SOUTHERN TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FERAL PIGS; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENTS AB Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are increasing in abundance and geographic distribution throughout North America Our objectives were to determine daily and hourly activity patterns We placed global positioning system collars on 25 wild boars from two sites in southern Texas Wild boars at both sites displayed highly nocturnal activity patterns and during the dormant and early growing season activity increased with rising temperatures C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 564 EP 567 DI 10.1894/TAL-15.1 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703CQ UT WOS:000285952100013 ER PT J AU Payton-Stewart, F Khupse, RS Boue, SM Elliott, S Zimmermann, MC Skripnikova, EV Ashe, H Tilghman, SL Beckman, BS Cleveland, TE McLachlan, JA Bhatnagar, D Wiese, TE Erhardt, P Burow, ME AF Payton-Stewart, Florastina Khupse, Rahul S. Boue, Stephen M. Elliott, Steven Zimmermann, M. Carla Skripnikova, Elena V. Ashe, Hasina Tilghman, Syreeta L. Beckman, Barbara S. Cleveland, Thomas E. McLachlan, John A. Bhatnagar, Deepak Wiese, Thomas E. Erhardt, Paul Burow, Matthew E. TI Glyceollin I enantiomers distinctly regulate ER-mediated gene expression SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE Glyceollin; Antiestrogen; Breast cancer; Estrogen receptor; Enantiomers; Pterocarpans ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STEREOCHEMISTRY; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL METABOLITES; S-EQUOL; SOY; BINDING; LIGAND; CANCER; PHYTOALEXINS; ANALOGS; BREAST AB Glyceollins are pterocarpan phytoalexins elicited in high concentrations when soybeans are stressed. We have previously reported that the three glyceollin isomers (GLY I-III) exhibit antiestrogenic properties, which may have significant biological effects upon human exposure. Of the three isomers, we have recently shown that glyceollin I is the most potent antiestrogen. Natural (-)-glyceollin I recently was synthesized along with its racemate and unnatural (+) enantiomer. In this study, we compared the glyceollin I enantiomers ER binding affinity, ability to inhibit estrogen responsive element transcriptional (ERE) activity and endogenous gene expression in MCF-7 cells. The results demonstrated similar binding affinities for both ER alpha and ER beta. Reporter gene assays in MCF-7 cells revealed that while (+)-glyceollin I slightly stimulated ERE transcriptional activity, (-)-glyceollin I decreased activity induced by estrogen. Co-transfection reporter assays performed in HEK 293 cells demonstrated that (+)-glyceollin I increased ERE transcriptional activity of ER alpha and ER beta with and without estrogen with no antiestrogenic activity observed. Conversely, (-)-glyceollin I decreased the activity of both ER subtypes stimulated by estradiol demonstrating potent antiestrogenic properties. Additionally, each Gly I enantiomer induced unique gene expression profiles in a PCR array panel of genes commonly altered in breast cancer. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Payton-Stewart, Florastina; Elliott, Steven; Tilghman, Syreeta L.; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, Tulane Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Zimmermann, M. Carla; Beckman, Barbara S.; McLachlan, John A.; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Dept Pharmacol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Tilghman, Syreeta L.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Dept Pulm Dis Crit Care & Environm Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Dept Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Payton-Stewart, Florastina; Elliott, Steven; Zimmermann, M. Carla; Tilghman, Syreeta L.; Beckman, Barbara S.; McLachlan, John A.; Wiese, Thomas E.; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Payton-Stewart, Florastina; McLachlan, John A.; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Boue, Stephen M.; Cleveland, Thomas E.; Bhatnagar, Deepak] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Skripnikova, Elena V.; Ashe, Hasina; Wiese, Thomas E.] Xavier Univ Louisiana, Coll Pharm, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Khupse, Rahul S.; Erhardt, Paul] Univ Toledo, Ctr Drug Design & Dev, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Burow, ME (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, Tulane Dept Med, 1430 Tulane Ave,SL 78, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM mburow@tulane.edu RI Khupse, Rahul/H-1378-2012; Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 FU United States Department of Agriculture [59-6435-7-188]; U.S. Department of Defense [DAMD17-01-1-0655]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-1136]; Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture 59-6435-7-188 (J.A.M., T.E.W., P.W.E. and M.E.B.), the U.S. Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program DAMD17-01-1-0655 (M.E.B.), Office of Naval Research N00014-06-1-1136 (J.A.M. and M.E.B.), A Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium fellowship (F.L.P.-S.). We thank Drs. Guangdi Wang for critical reading of this manuscript. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 12 BP 870 EP 878 DI 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.05.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 651MT UT WOS:000281932500010 PM 20493896 ER PT J AU Biancardi, E Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Lewellen, Robert T. TI Special issue on Sugar Beet in 21th Century Foreword SO SUGAR TECH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lewellen, Robert T.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Corso Popolo 419, I-45100 Rovigo, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0972-1525 J9 SUGAR TECH JI Sugar Tech. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 179 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s12355-010-0048-y PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V30KW UT WOS:000208815900001 ER PT J AU Richardson, K AF Richardson, Kelley TI Traditional Breeding in Sugar Beet SO SUGAR TECH LA English DT Review DE Traditional breeding; Selection methods; Monogerm; Male-sterility; Disease resistance AB With rapidly changing agricultural practices, target environments, and biotic and abiotic stresses, plant breeders face the task of continually selecting plants with desirable traits with the goal to assemble advantageous combinations of genes in new varieties. Sugar beet has been selectively bred since the early nineteenth century with the principle objective to develop varieties with the maximum root and sucrose yield potential at the lowest economic and environmental costs possible. Historically, the most productive developments in sugar beet breeding have been monogerm seed, male-sterility and subsequent hybrid development, and pest and disease resistance. Future sugar beet breeding efforts must make use of the genetic and genomic resources available and those under development to improve the productivity and economic stability of sugar beet in global agriculture. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Richardson, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 East Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kelley.richardson@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0972-1525 J9 SUGAR TECH JI Sugar Tech. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s12355-010-0050-4 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V30KW UT WOS:000208815900002 ER PT J AU McGrath, JM AF McGrath, J. Mitchell TI Assisted Breeding in Sugar Beets SO SUGAR TECH LA English DT Review DE Germplasm enhancement; Molecular mapping; Gene discovery; Marker assisted selection; Genome AB Molecular insight and methods applied to plant breeding and germplasm enhancement is the goal of assisted breeding, also known as marker assisted breeding, marker assisted selection, molecular plant breeding, or genome-wide selection, among others. The basic idea is that most, if not all, heritable components of agronomic performance can be assayed with an unbiased, uniform, and comparatively inexpensive set of measures that are highly or completely correlated with phenotypic values. Typically such heritable components are genetically controlled, thus the panoply of DNA-based correlative methods should provide the requisite tools for assisted breeding to be successful. Whether DNA-based methods are successful in predicting agronomic performance depends on a host of considerations, many of which remain to be completely addressed for sugar beet, and thus assisted breeding remains somewhat empirical in practice, at least with respect to the specific traits of interest. Most sugar beet breeding and improvement programs have initiated assisted breeding efforts, primarily as a first step to discover marker associations with traits. These initial activities serve a number of important functions such as determining the complexity of trait inheritance, narrowing the possible range of genes and loci involved in phenotypic expression in different populations, and following the progress of sugar beet improvement following hybridization with wild and unadapted germplasm. It is unlikely that breeding will or should ever rely completely on assisted methods, however selection of the most promising germplasm can be greatly accelerated using molecular insights and knowledge. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McGrath, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 494 PSSB, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mitchmcg@msu.edu NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0972-1525 J9 SUGAR TECH JI Sugar Tech. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s12355-010-0051-3 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V30KW UT WOS:000208815900003 ER PT J AU Panella, L AF Panella, Lee TI Sugar Beet as an Energy Crop SO SUGAR TECH LA English DT Review DE Beta vulgaris; Feedstock; Renewable energy; Biofuel; Sustainable energy AB The combination of volatility in the oil market and finite oil resources and the effect on global climate change from the addition of CO2 to the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels has increased the interest in sustainable energy generation from renewable biofuels. Most 1st generation biofuels in current production are liquid with bioethanol the product of fermentation. Sugar beet provides an abundance of sucrose, which is easily fermented by many microbes and on a per hectare basis; sugar beet is one of the most efficient sources of ethanol, however storage of harvested roots is problematic. Most studies have indicated sustainable biofuels have reduced greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) when compared to petroleum based fuels. Bioethanol from sugar beet reduces GHG comparably or superiorly to maize or sugarcane. There also are other biofuels from fermentation, including biomethanol, biobutanol ETBE, biomethane, and biohydrogen, many of which are more energy dense than ethanol. Storage of sugar beet is a problem that could be solved by ensilage and anaerobic digestion producing a biogas, which could yield more energy per hectare than bioethanol. As the global economy moves away from fossil fuels, sugar beet will play an increasing role in the adoption of more sustainable energy generation. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0972-1525 J9 SUGAR TECH JI Sugar Tech. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 288 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s12355-010-0041-5 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V30KW UT WOS:000208815900014 ER PT J AU Trefil, P Bakst, MR Yan, HF Hejnar, J Kalina, J Mucksova, J AF Trefil, Pavel Bakst, Murray R. Yan, Haifeng Hejnar, Jiri Kalina, Jiri Mucksova, Jitka TI Restoration of spermatogenesis after transplantation of c-Kit positive testicular cells in the fowl SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chicken; Spermatogenesis; Transplantation; Testicular cells; c Kit receptor ID STEM-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATING SPERMATOGONIA; CHICKEN; FERTILITY; RENEWAL; CYCLE AB Transplantation of male germ line cells Into sterilized recipients has been used in mammals for conventional breeding as well as for transgenesis We have previously adapted this approach for the domestic chicken and we present now an improvement of the germ cell transplantation technique by using an enriched subpopulation of c-Kit positive spermatogonia as donor cells Dispersed c-Kit positive testicular cells from 16 to 17 week-old pubertal donors were transplanted by injection directly into the testes of recipient males sterilized by repeated gamma irradiation We describe the repopulation of the recipient s testes with c Kit positive donor testicular cells, which resulted in the production of functional heterologous spermatozoa Using manual semen collection, the first sperm production in the recipient males was observed about nine weeks after the transplantation The full reproduction cycle was accomplished by artificial insemination of hens and hatching of chickens (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Trefil, Pavel; Kalina, Jiri; Mucksova, Jitka] BIOPHARM Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs As, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. [Yan, Haifeng] HIAVS Hunan Inst Anim & Vet Sci, Changsha 410131, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Hejnar, Jiri] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Mol Genet, CZ-16683 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bakst, Murray R.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Trefil, P (reprint author), BIOPHARM Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs As, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. RI Hejnar, Jiri/G-3544-2014 FU CONTACT [ME 908 AMVIS, ME 10104]; Czech Science Foundation [523/07/1171] FX This research was supported by Grant No ME 908 AMVIS, ME 10104 CONTACT and grant No 523/07/1171 awarded by the Czech Science Foundation We would like to thank Vanda Dziedicova for her skilled technical assistance in the treatment of cockerels, Zdenek Cimburek for FACS analyses and Vera Fialova for statistical analysis NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1670 EP 1676 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.07.002 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 683UB UT WOS:000284499600019 PM 20833414 ER PT J AU Parkhi, V Kumar, V Campbell, LM Bell, AA Shah, J Rathore, KS AF Parkhi, Vilas Kumar, Vinod Campbell, LeAnne M. Bell, Alois A. Shah, Jyoti Rathore, Keerti S. TI Resistance against various fungal pathogens and reniform nematode in transgenic cotton plants expressing Arabidopsis NPR1 SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Disease resistance; NPR1; Reniform nematodes; Seedling diseases; Transgenic cotton; Wilt diseases ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; VERTICILLIUM WILT RESISTANCE; DAHLIAE-INFECTED COTTON; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; SALICYLIC-ACID; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHYTOALEXIN PRODUCTION AB Cotton is an economically important crop worldwide that suffers severe losses due to a wide range of fungal/bacterial pathogens and nematodes. Given its susceptibility to various pathogens, it is important to obtain a broad-spectrum resistance in cotton. Resistance to several fungal and bacterial diseases has been obtained by overexpressing the Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related genes-1 (NPR1) in various plant species with apparently minimal or no pleiotropic effects. We examined the efficacy of this approach in cotton by constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NPR1 gene. The results show that NPR1-expressing lines exhibited significant resistance to Verticillium dahliae isolate TS2, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Alternaria alternata. Interestingly, the transformants also showed significant resistance to reniform nematodes. Analysis of defense-related, biochemical and molecular responses suggest that when challenged with pathogens or certain systemic acquired resistance-inducing chemicals, the transgenic lines respond to a greater degree compared to the wildtype plants. Importantly, the basal activities of the defense-related genes and enzymes in uninduced transformants were no different than those in their non-transgenic counterparts. The results provide additional evidence supporting the role of NPR1 as an important part of the plant defense system and suggest a means to achieve broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens via genetic engineering. C1 [Parkhi, Vilas; Kumar, Vinod; Campbell, LeAnne M.; Rathore, Keerti S.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rathore, Keerti S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bell, Alois A.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Shah, Jyoti] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Rathore, KS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rathore@tamu.edu FU Cotton Inc.; Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board-Advanced Research Program [000517-0005-2006]; Texas AgriLife Research FX We thank Dr. Charles Kenerley for providing Rhizoctonia solani, and Alternaria alternata cultures that were used in this study. This research was supported by funds from Cotton Inc., Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board-Advanced Research Program (#000517-0005-2006), and Texas AgriLife Research. NR 78 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 959 EP 975 DI 10.1007/s11248-010-9374-9 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 705DX UT WOS:000286110200003 PM 20151323 ER PT J AU Jensen, PJ Makalowska, I Altman, N Fazio, G Praul, C Maximova, SN Crassweller, RM Travis, JW McNellis, TW AF Jensen, Philip J. Makalowska, Izabela Altman, Naomi Fazio, Gennaro Praul, Craig Maximova, Siela N. Crassweller, Robert M. Travis, James W. McNellis, Timothy W. TI Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns in apple tree scions SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Malus; Microarray; Rootstock; Gene expression; Dwarfing; Grafting ID SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE; GROWTH; SEQUENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPORT; SUCROSE; QUALITY; GENOME; PLANTS; LEVEL AB Apple trees (Malus x domestica) do not reproduce true-to-type from seed. Therefore, desirable cultivars are clonally propagated by grafting vegetative material onto rootstocks. Although cloned cultivars are genetically identical, rootstocks influence horticulturally important cultivar traits, including tree size, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, 'Gala' scions were grafted to seven different rootstocks that produce a range of tree sizes and grown in a greenhouse. Global gene expression patterns in the scions were compared using a DNA microarray representing 55,230 apple transcripts. Each rootstock triggered a distinct, reproducible scion gene expression pattern. Two thousand nine hundred thirty-four scion transcripts were differentially regulated, by a factor of two or greater, by one or more rootstocks. Transcripts from genes predicted to be involved in responses to stress and biotic and abiotic stimuli were disproportionately represented among the rootstock-regulated transcripts. Microarray data analysis based on tree size identified 116 transcripts whose expression levels were correlated with tree size. The correlation of transcript level with tree size was tested for 14 of these transcripts using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a population of orchard-grown 'Mutsu' cultivar trees grafted onto rootstocks from a breeding population of multiple crosses. Of those tested, transcripts encoding predicted sorbitol dehydrogenase, homeobox-leucine zipper, and hevein-like proteins were confirmed as being expressed at higher levels in larger trees, while a transcript predicted to encode an extensin-like protein was confirmed as being expressed at higher levels in smaller trees. This study illustrates the utility of using rootstock-regulated phenotypes to identify genes potentially associated with horticulturally important traits. C1 [Jensen, Philip J.; McNellis, Timothy W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Makalowska, Izabela] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Fac Biol, Poznan, Poland. [Altman, Naomi] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fazio, Gennaro] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Praul, Craig] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Maximova, Siela N.; Crassweller, Robert M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Travis, James W.] Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. RP McNellis, TW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM twm4@psu.edu FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [04-20394] FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Grant No. 04-20394 to T.W.M., S.N.M., R.M.C., and J.W.T. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s11295-009-0228-7 PG 16 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 524YP UT WOS:000272180600006 ER PT J AU Stewart, JF Liu, YY Tauer, CG Nelson, CD AF Stewart, John F. Liu, Yanyan Tauer, Charles G. Nelson, C. D. TI Microsatellite versus AFLP analyses of pre-management introgression levels in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Molecular markers; Introgression; Hybridization ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATIONS; HYBRIDIZATION; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE; LOCI AB Loblolly pine and shortleaf pine are known to naturally hybridize. In this study, we used 42 microsatellite markers and isocitrate dehydrogenase isozyme to create genetic profiles of 202 loblolly and shortleaf pine trees grown from seed collected in the 1950s for the Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study. Estimated I broken vertical bar(PT) was low in both loblolly (0.061) and shortleaf (0.080) pines, indicating that most of the diversity is accounted for within seed sources. However, both loblolly and shortleaf pines showed significant correlations between seed sources' genetic and geographic distances, with R (2) of 0.43 and 0.17, respectively. The hybridization rate was 4.0%, with more hybrids west of the Mississippi River (8.1%) than east of the river (2.1%). Additionally, about the same proportion of both species (4.5% of loblolly and 3.3% of shortleaf pine) were identified as hybrids. These results are consistent with prior studies on these two species but do contrast with the results from an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the same samples. For example, the AFLP study concluded that 6.3% of the trees were hybrids, or 1.4 times higher than determined by this study. Of the 12 hybrids identified in the AFLP study, six were not identified as hybrids here, and of the eight hybrids identified here, only four were identified in the AFLP study. Although similar in overall results, we suggest that the microsatellite analysis is more convincing than the AFLP analysis because microsatellites provide more information per genetic locus than do AFLPs. C1 [Stewart, John F.; Liu, Yanyan; Tauer, Charles G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Nelson, C. D.] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Stewart, JF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM john.stewart@okstate.edu; chuck.tauer@okstate.edu; dananelson@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 6 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1007/s11295-010-0296-8 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 682RQ UT WOS:000284421100003 ER PT J AU Weaver, HJ Hawdon, JM Hoberg, EP AF Weaver, Haylee J. Hawdon, John M. Hoberg, Eric P. TI Soil-transmitted helminthiases: implications of climate change and human behavior SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID INTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS; RURAL WEST BENGAL; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; POPULATION BIOLOGY; PARASITIC DISEASES; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; CHANGE IMPACTS; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) collectively cause the highest global burden of parasitic disease after malaria and are most prevalent in the poorest communities, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change is predicted to alter the physical environment through cumulative impacts of warming and extreme fluctuations in temperature and precipitation, with cascading effects on human health and wellbeing, food security and socioeconomic infrastructure. Understanding how the spectrum of climate change effects will influence STHs is therefore of critical importance to the control of the global burden of human parasitic disease. Realistic progress in the global control of STH in a changing climate requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes the sciences (e.g. thermal thresholds for parasite development and resilience) and social sciences (e.g. behavior and implementation of education and sanitation programs). C1 [Weaver, Haylee J.] Australian Natl Univ, Div Biomed Sci & Biochem, Res Sch Biol, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hawdon, John M.] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Lab Nematode Biol, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weaver, HJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Div Biomed Sci & Biochem, Res Sch Biol, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM haylee.weaver@anu.edu.au RI Weaver, Haylee/A-1467-2012; OI Hawdon, John/0000-0002-6164-1413 NR 61 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 12 BP 574 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2010.06.009 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 687RM UT WOS:000284795600005 PM 20580609 ER PT J AU Susta, L Miller, PJ Afonso, CL Estevez, C Yu, QZ Zhang, JA Brown, CC AF Susta, Leonardo Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. Estevez, Carlos Yu, Qingzhong Zhang, Jian Brown, Corrie C. TI Pathogenicity evaluation of different Newcastle disease virus chimeras in 4-week-old chickens SO TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease; Fusion protein; Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase; Immunohistochemistry; Infectious clones; Pathogenesis ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE PROTEIN; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE; ACTIVATION; STRAINS; RNA AB The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease-inducing ability of four chimeric Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) by clinicopathological assessment. The infectious clones were previously generated by insertion of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and/or fusion (F) genes from virulent strains (Turkey North Dakota and California 02) into a mesogenic strain (Anhinga) backbone. Groups of 4-week-old chickens were inoculated via eye drop instillation, clinical signs were monitored daily, and necropsies with collection of tissues were performed at 2, 5, 10, and 14 days post infection. Tissue sections were evaluated for histopathology and immunohistochemistry for NDV nucleoprotein. All viruses replicated successfully in the natural host, although viral recovery, seroconversion, and extent of immunohistochemical staining were greatest from birds infected with those viruses containing both F and HN genes from the same virulent virus. There was minimal to no increase in clinicopathologic disease due to infection with the chimeras compared to the recombinant backbone. However, all birds developed histological evidence of encephalitis. The results suggest that the inherent virulence of Turkey North Dakota and California 2002 strains is due to more than the simple presence of their F and HN genes. C1 [Susta, Leonardo; Zhang, Jian; Brown, Corrie C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.; Estevez, Carlos; Yu, Qingzhong] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Estevez, Carlos] Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM corbrown@uga.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-4747 J9 TROP ANIM HEALTH PRO JI Trop. Anim. Health Prod. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1785 EP 1795 DI 10.1007/s11250-010-9638-7 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 672AS UT WOS:000283556000030 PM 20614237 ER PT J AU Puskas, RB Fischer, JW Swope, CB Dunbar, MR McLean, RG Root, JJ AF Puskas, Robert B. Fischer, Justin W. Swope, Craig B. Dunbar, Mike R. McLean, Robert G. Root, J. Jeffrey TI Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Movements and Dispersal Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Rabies Management SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE landscape; movements; Pennsylvania; Procyon lotor; rabies; raccoon ID UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; SURVEILLANCE; VIRGINIA; ONTARIO AB The raccoon (Procyon lotor) continues to be a prominent terrestrial rabies reservoir in the eastern United States. Describing the dispersal and movements of these animals and determining geographic features that are natural hindrances or corridors to movements could be used to assist oral rabies vaccination efforts. The landscape of the ridge-and-valley system in Pennsylvania exhibits characteristics of both natural potential hindrances and travel corridors to the movements of wildlife. The movements of 49 raccoons were monitored throughout a ridge and two adjacent valley sites to assess their movements related to these landscape features. Results suggest that few raccoons cross the ridge we studied over the short-term and that long-distance movements of these animals are uncommon in this region. Consequently, movement corridors within the ridge were largely confined to spur valleys within the ridge system. These results may be useful in strategic oral rabies vaccination programs in Pennsylvania and other areas where natural hindrances and travel corridors to movement are identified. C1 [Fischer, Justin W.; Dunbar, Mike R.; McLean, Robert G.; Root, J. Jeffrey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Puskas, Robert B.; Swope, Craig B.] Penn Wildlife Serv, USDA, Bolivar, PA USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We are indebted to A. Hess, B. Zahuranic, E. Swope, J. Duncan, T. Roland, and other Pennsylvania Wildlife Services personnel for trapping and logistical assistance. We thank C. Fulcomer for veterinary services, K. MacCarthy for trapping assistance, and many public and private land stewards for allowing us access to their lands. In addition, we thank many Pennsylvania Game Commission personnel for their assistance in this study, and J. Larkin for assistance with aerial telemetry and equipment loans. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1043 EP 1048 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0079 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 689TL UT WOS:000284952100013 PM 20455781 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Dominowski, P Mannan, R Yancey, R Jackson, JA Taylor, L Mediratta, S Eversole, R Mackenzie, CD Neill, JD AF Ridpath, Julia F. Dominowski, Paul Mannan, Ramasany Yancey, Robert, Jr. Jackson, James A. Taylor, Lucas Mediratta, Sangita Eversole, Robert Mackenzie, Charles D. Neill, John D. TI Evaluation of three experimental bovine viral diarrhea virus killed vaccines adjuvanted with combinations of Quil A cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide SO VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus, adjuvant; Quil A cholesterol; Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide; Killed vaccine ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ANTIGEN; LESIONS; PERSISTENT; VIRULENCE; DISEASE; CATTLE; STRAIN; CALVES AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause respiratory, reproductive, and enteric disease in cattle. Vaccination raises herd resistance and limits the spread of BVDV among cattle. Both killed and modified live vaccines against BVDV are available. While modified live vaccines elicit an immune response with a broader range and a longer duration of immunity, killed vaccines are considered to be safer. One way to improve the performance of killed vaccines is to develop new adjuvants. The goal of this research was evaluate new adjuvants, consisting of combinations of Quil A cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, for use in killed vaccines. Responses to three novel killed vaccines, using combinations of Quil A and DDA as adjuvants, were compared to responses to a commercial modified live and a commercial killed vaccine. Vaccination response was monitored by measuring viral neutralizing antibodies (VN) levels and by response to challenge. All three novel vaccines were efficacious based on reduction in virus isolation, pyrexia, and depression. Compared to a commercial killed vaccine, the three novel vaccines elicited higher VN levels and reduced injection site inflammation. C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Dominowski, Paul; Mannan, Ramasany; Yancey, Robert, Jr.; Jackson, James A.; Taylor, Lucas; Mediratta, Sangita] Pfizer Anim Hlth, Kalamazoo, MI USA. [Eversole, Robert] Western Michigan Univ, Biol Imaging Ctr, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Mackenzie, Charles D.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov FU Pfizer Animal Health [3625-32000-087-04T]; NADC [3625-32000-087-04T] FX This research was supported in part by a Trust agreement (3625-32000-087-04T) between Pfizer Animal Health and the NADC. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7380 J9 VET RES COMMUN JI Vet. Res. Commun. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 8 BP 691 EP 702 DI 10.1007/s11259-010-9442-x PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 669NJ UT WOS:000283357200005 PM 20872289 ER PT J AU Lunney, JK Benfield, DA Rowland, RRR AF Lunney, Joan K. Benfield, David A. Rowland, Raymond R. R. TI Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: An update on an emerging and re-emerging viral disease of swine SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION SIGNAL; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; LELYSTAD VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES; DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION; PERSISTENT INFECTION AB Recognized in the late 1980s in North America and Europe the syndrome that caused reproductive and respiratory problems in swine was initially called "mystery swine disease" and is now termed "porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)". In the early 1990s an arterivirus, referred to as PRRS virus (PRRSV), was determined to be the etiologic agent of this disease. Since then research has progressed substantially. Most recently "porcine high fever disease" was reported in China starting in 2006 with PRRSV being a critical virus associated with high morbidity and mortality (20%) associated with this syndrome which in 2010 is still causing severe pathology in pigs in China, with spread to Vietnam and Cambodia. This volume contains a series of reviews that highlight the virus, its pathogenesis, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and host genetic control. This paper provides a brief historical review of PRRS and the associated PRRSV. It presents areas of research gaps that inhibit current progress towards PRRS elimination through production of effective vaccines and current plans for PRRS elimination or eradication programs. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate further collaboration between researchers and swine veterinarians throughout the world to provide answers that enhance our understanding of PRRS and PRRSV in an effort to eliminate this economically important disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Benfield, David A.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Benfield, David A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Directors Off, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Rowland, Raymond R. R.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Joan.Lunney@ars.usda.gov; benfield.2@osu.edu; browland@vet.k-state.edu OI Benfield, David/0000-0001-6492-3830 NR 75 TC 86 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 154 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.10.009 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 692AT UT WOS:000285124600001 PM 20951175 ER PT J AU Shi, M Lam, TTY Hon, CC Hui, RKH Faaberg, KS Wennblom, T Murtaugh, MP Stadejek, T Leung, FCC AF Shi, Mang Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Hon, Chung-Chau Hui, Raymond Kin-Hei Faaberg, Kay S. Wennblom, Trevor Murtaugh, Michael P. Stadejek, Tomasz Leung, Frederick Chi-Ching TI Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV: A phylogenetic perspective SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Porcine reproductive and respiratory; syndrome virus; Phylogenetic analyses; Molecular epidemiology; Evolution ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; OPEN READING FRAME-5; NORTH-AMERICAN TYPE; GENETIC-VARIATION; LELYSTAD VIRUS; SWINE HERDS; UNITED-STATES; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION AB Since its first discovery two decades ago, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been the subject of intensive research due to its huge impact on the worldwide swine industry. Thanks to the phylogenetic analyses, much has been learned concerning the genetic diversity and evolution history of the virus. In this review, we focused on the evolutionary and epidemiological aspects of PRRSV from a phylogenetic perspective. We first described the diversity and transmission dynamics of Type 1 and 2 PRRSV, respectively. Then, we focused on the more ancient evolutionary history of PRRSV: the time of onset of all existing PRRSV and an origin hypothesis were discussed. Finally, we summarized the results from previous recombination studies to assess the potential impact of recombination on the virus epidemiology. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Mang; Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Hon, Chung-Chau; Hui, Raymond Kin-Hei; Leung, Frederick Chi-Ching] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Faaberg, Kay S.] ARS, Virus & Pr Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Wennblom, Trevor] Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Murtaugh, Michael P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Stadejek, Tomasz] Natl Inst Vet Res, Dept Swine Dis, OIE Reference Lab PRRS, Pulawy, Poland. RP Leung, FCC (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, 5N-12,Kardoorie Biol Sci Bldg, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM fcleung@hkucc.hku.hk RI Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk/D-4837-2012; Shi, Mang/D-5118-2013 NR 90 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 154 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.18.014 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 692AT UT WOS:000285124600002 PM 20837072 ER PT J AU Faaberg, KS Kehrli, ME Lager, KM Guo, BQ Han, J AF Faaberg, Kay S. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Lager, Kelly M. Guo, Baoqing Han, Jun TI In vivo growth of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus engineered nsp2 deletion mutants SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE RNA viruses arteriviruses; Porcine reproductive and respiratory; syndrome virus (PRRSV); Non-structural protein 2 (nsp2); Infectious clones; Nsp2 deletions; Swine study; Host immune response ID REPLICASE ORF1A PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; ARTERIVIRUS; PIGS; STRAIN; INFECTION; EPITOPES AB Prior studies on PRRSV strain VR-2332 non-structural protein 2 (nsp2) had shown that as much as 403 amino acids could be removed from the hypervariable region without losing virus viability in vitro. We utilized selected nsp2 deletion mutants to examine in vivo growth. Young swine (4 pigs/group; 5 control swine) were inoculated intramuscularly with one of 4 nsp2 deletion mutants (r Delta 727-813, r Delta 543-726, r Delta 324-523, r Delta 324-726) or full-length recombinant virus (rVR-2332). Serum samples were collected on various days post-inoculation and analyzed by HerdChek* ELISA, PRRSV real time RT-PCR, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) ELISA, and nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire nsp2 coding region. Tracheobronchial lymph node weight compared to body weight was recorded for each animal and used as a clinical measurement of viral pathogenesis. Results showed that all deletion mutants grew less robustly than full-length recombinant virus, yet all but the large deletion virus (r Delta 324-726) recovered to parental viral RNA levels by study end. Swine receiving the r Delta 727-813 mutants had a significant decrease in lymph node enlargement compared to rVR-2332. While swine infection with rVR-2332 caused a rapid rise in serum IFN-gamma levels, the IFN-gamma protein produced by infection with 3 of the 4 deletion mutant viruses was significantly reduced, perhaps due to differences in viral growth kinetics. The r Delta 543-726 nsp2 mutant virus, although growth impaired, mimicked rVR-2332 in inducing a host serum IFN-gamma response but exhibited a 2-week delay. Targeted sequencing showed that all deletions were stable in the region coding for nsp2 after one swine passage. The data suggested that the selected nsp2 deletion mutants were growth attenuated in swine, altered the induction of serum IFN-gamma, an innate cytokine of unknown function in PRRSV clearance, and pointed to a domain that may influence tracheobronchial lymph node size. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Faaberg, Kay S.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.; Lager, Kelly M.] ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Guo, Baoqing] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Han, Jun] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Faaberg, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS B14, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov RI Han, Jun/G-2584-2012 OI Han, Jun/0000-0003-1495-3948 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 154 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.024 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 692AT UT WOS:000285124600008 PM 20673840 ER PT J AU Lunney, JK Chen, HB AF Lunney, Joan K. Chen, Hongbo TI Genetic control of host resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Genetic resistance to PRRS; Genetic susceptibility to PRRS; Biomarkers; Genomic approaches; Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LONG-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; DIVERSE COMMERCIAL LINES; OUTBRED PIG-POPULATIONS; LOW IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ANIMAL HEALTH; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AB This manuscript focuses on the advances made using genomic approaches to identify biomarkers that define genes and pathways that are correlated with swine resistance to infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), the most economically important swine viral pathogen worldwide. International efforts are underway to assess resistance and susceptibility to infectious pathogens using tools such as gene arrays, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chips, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), proteomics, and advanced bioinformatics. These studies should identify new candidate genes and biological pathways associated with host PRRS resistance and alternate viral disease processes and mechanisms: they may unveil biomarkers that account for genetic control of PRRS or, alternately, that reveal new targets for therapeutics or vaccines. Previous genomic approaches have expanded our understanding of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling traits of economic importance in pig production, e.g., feed efficiency, meat production, leanness; only recently have these included health traits and disease resistance. Genomic studies should have substantial impact for the pig industry since it is now possible to include the use of biomarkers for basic health traits alongside broader set of markers utilized for selection of pigs for improved performance and reproductive traits, as well as pork quality. Additionally these studies may reveal alternate PRRS control mechanisms that can be exploited for novel drugs, biotherapeutics and vaccine designs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lunney, Joan K.; Chen, Hongbo] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Joan.Lunney@ars.usda.gov; Hongbo.Chen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; USDA CSREES [2004-35604-14580]; PRRS CAP1; USDA NIFA PRRS CAP2 [2008-55620-19132]; National Pork Board [07-233, 09-208, 09-244]; China Scholarship Council FX This review was adapted from a book chapter: Lunney, J.K., 2010. Viral diseases in pigs. In: Axford, R., Owen, J., Nicholas, F., Bishop, S. (Eds.), Breeding for Disease Resistance, 3rd edition. CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, UK. The authors' PRRS work has been supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and by grants from the USDA CSREES #2004-35604-14580 PRRS CAP1, USDA NIFA PRRS CAP2 #2008-55620-19132, and National Pork Board grants #07-233, #09-208 and #09-244. H.C. is supported by a China Scholarship Council scholarship while completing a PhD at Huazhong Agricultural University. NR 112 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 154 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.004 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 692AT UT WOS:000285124600017 PM 20709118 ER PT J AU Jeong, J Kannan, N Arnold, J Glick, R Gosselink, L Srinivasan, R AF Jeong, Jaehak Kannan, Narayanan Arnold, Jeff Glick, Roger Gosselink, Leila Srinivasan, Raghavan TI Development and Integration of Sub-hourly Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Capability Within a Watershed Model SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SWAT; Rainfall-runoff modeling; Watershed modeling; Subdaily simulation; Sub-hourly simulation ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; GREEN-AMPT; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT; SIMULATIONS; FLOW; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Increasing urbanization changes runoff patterns to be flashy and instantaneous with decreased base flow A model with the ability to simulate sub-daily rainfall runoff processes and continuous simulation capability is required to realistically capture the long-term flow and water quality trends in watersheds that are experiencing urbanization Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been widely used in hydrologic and nonpoint sources modeling However, its subdaily modeling capability is limited to hourly flow simulation This paper presents the development and testing of a sub-hourly rainfall runoff model in SWAT SWAT algorithms for infiltration, surface runoff, flow routing, impoundments, and lagging of surface runoff have been modified to allow flow simulations with a sub-hourly time interval as small as one minute Evapotranspiration, soil water contents, base flow, and lateral flow are estimated on a daily basis and distributed equally for each time step The sub-hourly routines were tested on a 1 9 km(2) watershed (70% undeveloped) near Lost Creek m Austin Texas USA Sensitivity analysis shows that channel flow parameters are more sensitive in sub-hourly simulations (Delta t = 15 min) while base flow parameters are more important in daily simulations (Delta t = 1 day) A case study shows that the sub-hourly SWAT model reasonably reproduces stream flow hydrograph under multiple storm events Calibrated stream flow for 1 year period with 15 min simulation (R(2) = 0 93) shows better performance compared to daily simulation for the same period (R(2) = 0 72) A statistical analysis shows that the improvement in the model performance with sub-hourly time interval is mostly due to the improvement in predicting high flows The sub-hourly version of SWAT is a promising tool for hydrology and non-point source pollution assessment studies, although more development on water quality modeling is still needed C1 [Jeong, Jaehak; Kannan, Narayanan] Texas AgriLife Res, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, Jeff] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Glick, Roger; Gosselink, Leila] Watershed Protect & Dev Review Dept City Austin, Austin, TX 78767 USA. [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Jeong, J (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 FU Watershed Protection and Development Review City of Austin Texas FX We wish to acknowledge Watershed Protection and Development Review City of Austin Texas for providing funding and all the data for this study We also thank our 3 anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments toward the improvement of the manuscript NR 55 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 15 BP 4505 EP 4527 DI 10.1007/s11269.010.9670.4 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 690BH UT WOS:000284974600016 ER PT J AU Kauffman, JB Cole, TG AF Kauffman, J. Boone Cole, Thomas G. TI Micronesian Mangrove Forest Structure and Tree Responses to a Severe Typhoon SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Allometric equations; Disturbance ecology; Plant adaptations; Total above-ground biomass; Tropical wetlands; Typhoon impacts ID NUTRIENT POOLS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; INTERSECT METHOD; DYNAMICS; FIRE; PRODUCTIVITY; FLORIDA; LOSSES AB Tropical cyclones are common disturbances that have strong effects on mangrove composition and structure. Because there are numerous ecosystem services provided by mangroves, it is important to understand their adaptations and responses to these climatic events. In April 2004, Typhoon Sudal, a category 3-4 cyclone, passed over the state of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. For four months following the typhoon we measured forest structure, above-ground biomass, tree mortality and response in six mangroves. The sites were dominated by species common in mangroves throughout the Indo-Pacific-Sonneratia alba, Brugueira gymnorrhiza, and Rhizophora apiculata. Total above-ground biomass (TAGB) of mangrove forests ranged from 211-573 Mg ha(-1). Tree mortality ranged from 6% to 32% among stands. Adaptations and responses to the typhoon varied by species, as well as by geographic location. Sonneratia alba had a higher frequency of mainstems broken (26%), but was the only species that vigorously sprouted from dormant basal or epicormic tissues. Standing live trees accounted for 80-95% of TAGB, suggesting that adaptations of mangrove trees can facilitate the persistence of an intact forest structure following typhoons of this intensity. Climatic changes such as sea level rise and increased severity of cyclonic events could alter this relationship. C1 [Kauffman, J. Boone] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cole, Thomas G.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Kauffman, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM boonekauffman@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; PSW Research Station FX Margie Falanruw provided valuable assistance in the field and with logistics. Mychal Tetteh assisted in the field, and Janice Haraguchi determined the specific gravity of the downed wood. We are grateful to the Yap Division of Agriculture and the people of Yap for their cooperation and assistance in allowing us to work in their forests and mangroves and providing us with valuable information on Typhoon Sudal. We are especially grateful to Pius Liyagel, Francis Ruegorong, Charlie Gilgaayan, Godfrey Chochol, Kevin Sog, Joe Fanafal, James Lukan, John Tun, Steven Mar, Raymond, John Libiy, and Tom Tamangmow. Without their wisdom and assistance in the field, this project would not have been possible. We thank Dan Donato for earlier reviews of this paper. The study was funded from the USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station and the USDA Forest Service International Programs. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1084 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0114-y PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691QH UT WOS:000285095400007 ER PT J AU De Steven, D Sharitz, RR Barton, CD AF De Steven, Diane Sharitz, Rebecca R. Barton, Christopher D. TI Ecological Outcomes and Evaluation of Success in Passively Restored Southeastern Depressional Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Carolina bay; Mitigation bank; Vegetation dynamics; Wetland restoration ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE WETLANDS; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; COASTAL-PLAIN; VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNITY-DEVELOPMENT; CAROLINA BAY; SELF-DESIGN; REVEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK AB Depressional wetlands may be restored passively by disrupting prior drainage to recover original hydrology and relying on natural revegetation. Restored hydrology selects for wetland vegetation; however, depression geomorphology constrains the achievable hydroperiod, and plant communities are influenced by hydroperiod and available species pools. Such constraints can complicate assessments of restoration success. Sixteen drained depressions in South Carolina, USA, were restored experimentally by forest clearing and ditch plugging for potential crediting to a mitigation bank. Depressions were assigned to alternate revegetation methods representing desired targets of herbaceous and wet-forest communities. After five years, restoration progress and revegetation methods were evaluated. Restored hydroperiods differed among wetlands, but all sites developed diverse vegetation of native wetland species. Vegetation traits were influenced by hydroperiod and the effects of early drought, rather than by revegetation method. For mitigation banking, individual wetlands were assessed for improvement from pre-restoration condition and similarity to assigned reference type. Most wetlands met goals to increase hydroperiod, herb-species dominance, and wetland-plant composition. Fewer wetlands achieved equivalence to reference types because some vegetation targets were incompatible with depression hydroperiods and improbable without intensive management. The results illustrated a paradox in judging success when vegetation goals may be unsuited to system constraints. C1 [De Steven, Diane] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Sharitz, Rebecca R.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Barton, Christopher D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ddesteven@fs.fed.us FU DOE-Savannah River Operations Office [DE-IA09-76SR00056, DE-IA09-00SR22188]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FC09-96SR18546]; USFS-Savannah River [01-CA-11083600-011, 03-CS-11083600-002]; Center for Forested Wetlands Research [01-CA-11330135-457] FX We sincerely thank John Blake, U.S. Forest Service-Savannah River, for sustained dedication to overall project management, and also Randy Kolka and Don Imm for their early contributions. For field assistance, we especially thank J. Singer, J. Mulhouse, L. Lee, P. Stankus, A. Harrison, and A. Lowrance. T. Dell and R. Souter advised on statistics. Comments by B. Collins, R. Kolka, and several reviewers and editors greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the DOE-Savannah River Operations Office (Agreements DE-IA09-76SR00056 and DE-IA09-00SR22188 with the USFS-Savannah River), the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (Award DE-FC09-96SR18546 to The Univ. of Georgia Research Foundation), and by Cooperative Agreements with the USFS-Savannah River (01-CA-11083600-011, 03-CS-11083600-002) and the Center for Forested Wetlands Research (01-CA-11330135-457). NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1140 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0100-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691QH UT WOS:000285095400012 ER PT J AU Bader, TJ Bednarz, JC AF Bader, Troy J. Bednarz, James C. TI HOME RANGE, HABITAT USE, AND NEST SITE CHARACTERISTICS OF MISSISSIPPI KITES IN THE WHITE RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, ARKANSAS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED-SHOULDERED HAWKS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE; NESTLINGS; SEX AB We located 39 Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis) nests during the 2004 and 2005 breeding seasons in the White River National Wildlife Refuge in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas, USA. Radio transmitters were placed on seven adult and eight juvenile kites: 649 locations based on ground telemetry and 393 locations from aircraft were recorded for six adults (n = 5 males, 1 female) and five juveniles (n = 2 males, 3 females). The mean 90% kernel home range was 3,098 ha for adult kites (n = 6) and 439 ha (n = 5) for juveniles. Radio-marked Mississippi Kites significantly used mature forest (65.6%). second growth (15.5%), and water (10.0%) relative to availability (59.6, 11.5, and 7.1%, respectively). Agriculture fields (6.5%) and wetlands (1.5%) were used significantly less within the home ranges of kites relative to availability (17.6 and 3.9%, respectively). Tree height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and height of nest tree emergence above the surrounding trees were significantly greater for nest sites than randomly-selected overstory trees. Nest trees were significantly closer to the edge than randomly-selected trees. Most (57%) Mississippi Kite nests were in crotches of secondary branches in the nest tree. Conservation of super-emergent trees and mature forests is needed for nesting and foraging areas. Second-growth forest should be allowed to mature (>75 years) and uniform canopies should be avoided. Received 7 August 2009. Accepted 28 April 2010. C1 [Bader, Troy J.; Bednarz, James C.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. RP Bader, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM troybader@hotmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC); Arkansas State University FX This project was funded primarily by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC) through a State Wildlife Grant. Substantial additional funds were provided by Arkansas State University. We thank K. L. Rowe (AGFC) for support and assistance on this project. We thank the USFWS, especially R. E. Hines and staff at the White River National Wildlife Refuge, for help on the logistics for this project. We are especially grateful to our research technician, W. D. Edwards for hard work and dedication to this project. We greatly appreciate the assistance in the field and in the laboratory provided by J. D. Brown, T. J. Benson, D. J. Baxter, T. R. Edwards, E. J. Bader, and A. M. St. Pierre. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 706 EP 715 DI 10.1676/09-121.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 692RY UT WOS:000285174000009 ER PT J AU Bolan, NS Szogi, AA Chuasavathi, T Seshadri, B Rothrock, MJ Panneerselvam, P AF Bolan, N. S. Szogi, A. A. Chuasavathi, T. Seshadri, B. Rothrock, M. J., Jr. Panneerselvam, P. TI Uses and management of poultry litter SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE poultry litter; nutrients; trace elements; antibiotics; feed management; land application ID REDUCE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; SOILS RECEIVING MANURE; BROILER LITTER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SALMONELLA POPULATIONS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; INCUBATION EXPERIMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-ISSUES; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS AB The poultry industry is one of the largest and fastest growing agro-based industries in the world. This can be attributed to an increasing demand for poultry meat and egg products. However, a major problem facing the poultry industry is the largescale accumulation of wastes including manure and litter which may pose disposal and pollution problems unless environmentally and economically sustainable management technologies are evolved. Most of the litter produced by the poultry industry is currently applied to agricultural land as a source of nutrients and soil amendment. However environmental pollution, resulting from nutrient and contaminant leaching can occur when poultry litter is applied under soil and climatic conditions that do not favour agronomic utilisation of the manure-borne nutrients. This review examines the composition of poultry litter in relation to nutrient content and environmental contaminants, its value as a nutrient source, soil amendment, animal feed and fuel source, and cost-effective innovative technologies for improving its value. Poultry litter provides a major source of nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements for crop production and is effective in improving physical and biological fertility, indicating that land application remains as the main option for the utilisation of this valuable resource. The alternative use of poultry litter; as an animal feed and fuel source, is limited by contaminants, and high moisture content, respectively. The review proposes best management practices to mitigate environmental consequences associated with air and water quality parameters that are impacted by land application in order to maintain the continued productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the poultry industry. C1 [Bolan, N. S.; Chuasavathi, T.; Seshadri, B.] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Bolan, N. S.; Chuasavathi, T.; Seshadri, B.] Univ S Australia, CRC CARE, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Szogi, A. A.; Rothrock, M. J., Jr.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Panneerselvam, P.] Indian Inst Hort Res, Bangalore 560089, Karnataka, India. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. EM nanthi.bolan@unisa.edu.au RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 FU CRC CARE [2-3-09-07/08] FX The senior author thanks CRC CARE for providing funding (No 2-3-09-07/08) to undertake research on landfill site remediation as part of the review was derived from this project. NR 149 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 58 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 66 IS 4 BP 673 EP 698 DI 10.1017/S0043933910000656 PG 26 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 696ZE UT WOS:000285479100006 ER PT J AU Tooze, JA Kipnis, V Buckman, DW Carroll, RJ Freedman, LS Guenther, PM Krebs-Smith, SM Subar, AF Dodd, KW AF Tooze, Janet A. Kipnis, Victor Buckman, Dennis W. Carroll, Raymond J. Freedman, Laurence S. Guenther, Patricia M. Krebs-Smith, Susan M. Subar, Amy F. Dodd, Kevin W. TI A mixed-effects model approach for estimating the distribution of usual intake of nutrients: The NCI method SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE statistical distributions; diet surveys; nutrition assessment; mixed-effects model; nutrients; percentiles ID EPISODICALLY CONSUMED FOODS; MULTIPLE-PASS METHOD; MEASUREMENT ERROR; POPULATION; BIOMARKER; VARIANCE; DESIGN AB It is of interest to estimate the distribution of usual nutrient intake for a population from repeat 24-h dietary recall assessments. A mixed effects model and quantile estimation procedure, developed at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), may be used for this purpose. The model incorporates a Box-Cox parameter and covariates to estimate usual daily intake of nutrients; model parameters are estimated via quasi-Newton optimization of a likelihood approximated by the adaptive Gaussian quadrature. The parameter estimates are used in a Monte Carlo approach to generate empirical quantiles; standard errors are estimated by bootstrap. The NCI method is illustrated and compared with current estimation methods, including the individual mean and the semi-parametric method developed at the Iowa State University (ISU), using data from a random sample and computer simulations. Both the NCI and ISU methods for nutrients are superior to the distribution of individual means. For simple (no covariate) models, quantile estimates are similar between the NCI and ISU methods. The bootstrap approach used by the NCI method to estimate standard errors of quantiles appears preferable to Taylor linearization. One major advantage of the NCI method is its ability to provide estimates for subpopulations through the incorporation of covariates into the model. The NCI method may be used for estimating the distribution of usual nutrient intake for populations and subpopulations as part of a unified framework of estimation of usual intake of dietary constituents. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tooze, Janet A.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biostat Sci, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Kipnis, Victor; Dodd, Kevin W.] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Buckman, Dennis W.] Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Carroll, Raymond J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Freedman, Laurence S.] Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, IL-52161 Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Guenther, Patricia M.] Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Krebs-Smith, Susan M.; Subar, Amy F.] NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tooze, JA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biostat Sci, Sch Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jtooze@wfubmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R37 CA057030, R37 CA057030-23, R01 CA057030] NR 23 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 27 BP 2857 EP 2868 DI 10.1002/sim.4063 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 680BL UT WOS:000284206400008 PM 20862656 ER PT J AU Nelson, CD Reinhardt, TA Beitz, DC Lippolis, JD AF Nelson, Corwin D. Reinhardt, Timothy A. Beitz, Donald C. Lippolis, John D. TI In Vivo Activation of the Intracrine Vitamin D Pathway in Innate Immune Cells and Mammary Tissue during a Bacterial Infection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; BOVINE-MILK; MASTITIS; TUBERCULOSIS; HYDROXYLASE; METABOLITES; MONOCYTES; HEALTH; FARMS AB In Numerous in vitro studies have shown that toll-like receptor signaling induces 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1 alpha-OHase; CYP27B1) expression in macrophages from various species. 1 alpha-OHase is the primary enzyme that converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH) (2)D(3)). Subsequently, synthesis of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) by 1 alpha-OHase in macrophages has been shown to modulate innate immune responses of macrophages. Despite the numerous in vitro studies that have shown 1 alpha-OHase expression is induced in macrophages, however, evidence that 1 alpha-OHase expression is induced by pathogens in vivo is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate 1 alpha-OHase gene expression in macrophages and mammary tissue during an in vivo bacterial infection with Streptococcus uberis. In tissue and secreted cells from the infected mammary glands, 1 alpha-OHase gene expression was significantly increased compared to expression in tissue and cells from the healthy mammary tissue. Separation of the cells by FACS9 revealed that 1 alpha-OHase was predominantly expressed in the CD14(+) cells isolated from the infected mammary tissue. The 24-hydroxylase gene, a gene that is highly upregulated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), was significantly more expressed in tissue and cells from the infected mammary tissue than from the healthy uninfected mammary tissue thus indicating significant local 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) production at the infection site. In conclusion, this study provides the first in vivo evidence that 1 alpha-OHase expression is upregulated in macrophages in response to bacterial infection and that 1 alpha-OHase at the site of infection provides 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) for local regulation of vitamin D responsive genes. C1 [Nelson, Corwin D.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.; Lippolis, John D.] ARS, Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Nelson, Corwin D.; Beitz, Donald C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Beitz, Donald C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. RP Nelson, CD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM john.lippolis@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009; OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509; Nelson, Corwin/0000-0003-0195-5610 FU USDA FX Research was conducted at a USDA research facility and all funding was internal USDA research dollars. This project is an intramural project of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e15469 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015469 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 686HD UT WOS:000284686500041 PM 21124742 ER PT J AU Pechanova, O Hsu, CY Adams, JP Pechan, T Vandervelde, L Drnevich, J Jawdy, S Adeli, A Suttle, JC Lawrence, AM Tschaplinski, TJ Seguin, A Yuceer, C AF Pechanova, Olga Hsu, Chuan-Yu Adams, Joshua P. Pechan, Tibor Vandervelde, Lindsay Drnevich, Jenny Jawdy, Sara Adeli, Ardeshir Suttle, Jeffrey C. Lawrence, Amanda M. Tschaplinski, Timothy J. Seguin, Armand Yuceer, Cetin TI Apoplast proteome reveals that extracellular matrix contributes to multistress response in poplar SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID XYLEM SAP PROTEIN; POPULUS-DELTOIDES-BARTR; STRESSED COTTON LEAVES; CELL-WALL-PEROXIDASE; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; ANIONIC PEROXIDASE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ABSCISIC-ACID AB Background: Riverine ecosystems, highly sensitive to climate change and human activities, are characterized by rapid environmental change to fluctuating water levels and siltation, causing stress on their biological components. We have little understanding of mechanisms by which riverine plant species have developed adaptive strategies to cope with stress in dynamic environments while maintaining growth and development. Results: We report that poplar (Populus spp.) has evolved a systems level "stress proteome" in the leaf-stem-root apoplast continuum to counter biotic and abiotic factors. To obtain apoplast proteins from P. deltoides, we developed pressure-chamber and water-displacement methods for leaves and stems, respectively. Analyses of 303 proteins and corresponding transcripts coupled with controlled experiments and bioinformatics demonstrate that poplar depends on constitutive and inducible factors to deal with water, pathogen, and oxidative stress. However, each apoplast possessed a unique set of proteins, indicating that response to stress is partly compartmentalized. Apoplast proteins that are involved in glycolysis, fermentation, and catabolism of sucrose and starch appear to enable poplar to grow normally under water stress. Pathogenesis-related proteins mediating water and pathogen stress in apoplast were particularly abundant and effective in suppressing growth of the most prevalent poplar pathogen Melampsora. Unexpectedly, we found diverse peroxidases that appear to be involved in stress-induced cell wall modification in apoplast, particularly during the growing season. Poplar developed a robust antioxidative system to buffer oxidation in stem apoplast. Conclusion: These findings suggest that multistress response in the apoplast constitutes an important adaptive trait for poplar to inhabit dynamic environments and is also a potential mechanism in other riverine plant species. C1 [Pechanova, Olga; Hsu, Chuan-Yu; Adams, Joshua P.; Vandervelde, Lindsay; Yuceer, Cetin] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pechan, Tibor] Mississippi State Univ, Life Sci & Biotechnol Inst, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Drnevich, Jenny] Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jawdy, Sara; Tschaplinski, Timothy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Adeli, Ardeshir] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Suttle, Jeffrey C.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Lawrence, Amanda M.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Seguin, Armand] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Yuceer, C (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mcy1@msstate.edu OI Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NSF [DBI-0501890, IOS-0845834] FX We thank Y. Kang, M. Monroe, G. Pelletier, K-H. Han, and J-H. Ko for assistance, and J. Kreuzwieser, V. Chiang, and S. Strauss for discussions on the manuscript. MS was conducted at the Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. S.J. and T.J.T. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work was funded by NSF (DBI-0501890 and IOS-0845834) to C. Y. NR 142 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 23 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 29 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 674 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-674 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 697YI UT WOS:000285555300001 PM 21114852 ER PT J AU Bento, CF Fernandes, R Ramalho, J Marques, C Shang, F Taylor, A Pereira, P AF Bento, Carla Figueira Fernandes, Rosa Ramalho, Jose Marques, Carla Shang, Fu Taylor, Allen Pereira, Paulo TI The Chaperone-Dependent Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP Targets HIF-1 alpha for Degradation in the Presence of Methylglyoxal SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1-ALPHA; RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; COILED-COIL DOMAIN; E3 LIGASE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; DIABETES-MELLITUS AB Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays a key role in cell adaptation to low oxygen and stabilization of HIF-1 is vital to ensure cell survival under hypoxia. Diabetes has been associated with impairment of the cell response to hypoxia and downregulation of HIF-1 is most likely the event that transduces hyperglycemia into increased cell death in diabetes-associated hypoxia. In this study, we aimed at identifying the molecular mechanism implicated in destabilization of HIF-1 by high glucose. In this work, we identified a new molecular mechanism whereby methylglyoxal (MGO), which accumulates in high-glucose conditions, led to a rapid proteasome-dependent degradation of HIF-1 alpha under hypoxia. Significantly, MGO-induced degradation of HIF-1 alpha did not require the recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase pVHL nor did it require hydroxylation of the proline residues P402/P564 of HIF-1 alpha. Moreover, we identified CHIP (Carboxy terminus of Hsp70-Interacting Protein) as the E3 ligase that ubiquitinated HIF-1 alpha in the presence of MGO. Consistently, silencing of endogenous CHIP and overexpression of glyoxalase I both stabilized HIF-1 alpha under hypoxia in the presence of MGO. Data shows that increased association of Hsp40/70 with HIF-1 alpha led to recruitment of CHIP, which promoted polyubiquitination and degradation of HIF-1 alpha. Moreover, MGO-induced destabilization of HIF-1 alpha led to a dramatic decrease in HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Altogether, data is consistent with a new pathway for degradation of HIF-1 alpha in response to intracellular accumulation of MGO. Moreover, we suggest that accumulation of MGO is likely to be the link between high glucose and the loss of cell response to hypoxia in diabetes. C1 [Bento, Carla Figueira; Fernandes, Rosa; Ramalho, Jose; Marques, Carla; Pereira, Paulo] Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, Ctr Ophthalmol & Vis Sci COCV, Inst Biomed Res Light & Image IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal. [Bento, Carla Figueira] Univ Coimbra, PhD Programme, Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol CNC, Coimbra, Portugal. [Shang, Fu; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bento, CF (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, Ctr Ophthalmol & Vis Sci COCV, Inst Biomed Res Light & Image IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal. EM ppereira@ibili.uc.pt RI Fernandes, Rosa/P-1102-2014; Ramalho, Jose/M-6415-2015; OI Fernandes, Rosa/0000-0001-7828-2296; Ramalho, Jose/0000-0002-1927-164X; Marques, Carla/0000-0002-1817-4813; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290 FU FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal [POCTI/SAU-OBS/57772/2004, PDTC/SAU-OSM/67498/2006]; [SFRH/BD/15229/2004] FX This work was supported by the PhD fellowship SFRH/BD/15229/2004 (Carla F. Bento) and by the grants POCTI/SAU-OBS/57772/2004 and PDTC/SAU-OSM/67498/2006 (FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e15062 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015062 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 686HD UT WOS:000284686500029 PM 21124777 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Pachepsky, YA AF Kim, Jung-Woo Pachepsky, Yakov A. TI Reconstructing missing daily precipitation data using regression trees and artificial neural networks for SWAT streamflow simulation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artificial neural network; Precipitation; Reconstruction missing data; Regression true; Streamflow ID CLIMATE DATA; VALUES; MODEL; PREDICTION; TERRAIN; REGIONS; RECORDS; CANADA; RIVER AB Environmental models typically require a complete time series of meteorological inputs thus reconstructing missing data is a key issue in the functionality of such physical models The objective of this work was to develop a new technique to reconstruct missing daily precipitation data in the central part of Chesapeake Bay Watershed using a two-step reconstruction method (RT + ANN) that employed artificial neural networks (ANN) with inputs only from stations that were found to be influential in bootstrap applications of regression trees (RI) The predictive performance of RT + ANN was also compared with those of stand-alone RT and ANN methods In addition to statistical comparisons of the reconstructed precipitation time series these resulting data in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model were used to perform an error propagation analysis in streamflow simulations The RI provided a transparent visual representation of the similarity between the stations in their daily precipitation time series Seven years of data from 39 weather stations showed that both RT and ANN provided the reconstruction accuracy comparable to (or better than) published earlier results of precipitation reconstruction The RT + ANN method significantly improved accuracy and was more robust when compared to RT or ANN methods This method also provided more accurate and robust SWAT streamflow predictions with reconstructed precipitation (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Kim, Jung-Woo; Pachepsky, Yakov A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Radioact Waste Technol Dev Div, 1045 Daedeok Daero, Taejon 305353, South Korea. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 26 PY 2010 VL 394 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 699ZF UT WOS:000285701200003 ER PT J AU Yan, CG Cao, J Wu, M Zhang, W Jiang, T Yoshimura, A Gao, HW AF Yan, Chunguang Cao, Jay Wu, Min Zhang, Wei Jiang, Tao Yoshimura, Aihiko Gao, Hongwei TI Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Inhibits LPS-induced IL-6 Expression in Osteoblasts by Suppressing CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein beta Activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; C/EBP FAMILY; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA AB Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is an important intracellular protein that inhibits cytokine signaling in numerous cell types and has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. However, the expression and function of SOCS3 in osteoblasts are not known. In this study, we demonstrated that SOCS3 expression was transiently induced by LPS in osteoblasts, and apparently contributed to the inhibition of IL-6 induction by LPS treatment. We found that tyrosine 204 of the SOCS box, the SH2 domain, and the N-terminal kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS3 were all involved in its IL-6 inhibition. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CCAAT/enhancerbinding protein (C/EBP) beta was activated by LPS (increased DNA binding activity), and played a key role in LPS-induced IL-6 expression in osteoblasts. We further provided the evidence that SOCS3 functioned as a negative regulator for LPS response in osteoblasts by suppressing C/EBP beta DNA binding activity. In addition, tyrosine 204 of the SOCS box, the SH2 domain, and the N-terminal kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS3 were all required for its C/EBP beta inhibition. These findings suggest that SOCS3 by interfering with C/EBP beta activation may have an important regulatory role during bone-associated inflammatory responses. C1 [Yan, Chunguang; Zhang, Wei; Gao, Hongwei] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med,Ctr Expt T, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Yan, Chunguang; Wu, Min; Jiang, Tao; Gao, Hongwei] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Cao, Jay] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Yoshimura, Aihiko] Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan. [Yoshimura, Aihiko] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. RP Gao, HW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med,Ctr Expt T, 20 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM hgao@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu RI Yoshimura, Akihiko/K-5515-2013 FU North Dakota Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (NSF); National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO) FX This study was supported by North Dakota Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (NSF, to H. G.) and the Program for Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences of the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO, to A. Y.). NR 44 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2010 VL 285 IS 48 BP 37227 EP 37239 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.132084 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 682ST UT WOS:000284424000016 PM 20876575 ER PT J AU Chen, TS Nayak, N Majee, SM Lowenson, J Schafermeyer, KR Eliopoulos, AC Lloyd, TD Dinkins, R Perry, SE Forsthoefel, NR Clarke, SG Vernon, DM Zhou, ZS Rejtar, T Downie, AB AF Chen, Tingsu Nayak, Nihar Majee, Susmita Maitra Lowenson, Jonathan Schaefermeyer, Kim R. Eliopoulos, Alyssa C. Lloyd, Taylor D. Dinkins, Randy Perry, Sharyn E. Forsthoefel, Nancy R. Clarke, Steven G. Vernon, Daniel M. Zhou, Zhaohui Sunny Rejtar, Tomas Downie, A. Bruce TI Substrates of the Arabidopsis thaliana Protein Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase 1 Identified Using Phage Display and Biopanning SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; BOX RNA HELICASE; SEED DORMANCY; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VIVO; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CARBOXYL METHYLATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; ASPARTYL RESIDUES AB The role of protein isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) in repairing a wide assortment of damaged proteins in a host of organisms has been inferred from the affinity of the enzyme for isoaspartyl residues in a plethora of amino acid contexts. The identification of PIMT target proteins in plant seeds, where the enzyme is highly active and proteome long-lived, has been hindered by large amounts of isoaspartate-containing storage proteins. Mature seed phage display libraries circumvented this problem. Inclusion of the PIMT co-substrate, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), during panning permitted PIMT to retain aged phage in greater numbers than controls lacking co-substrate or when PIMT protein binding was poisoned with S-adenosyl homocysteine. After four rounds, phage titer plateaued in AdoMet-containing pans, whereas titer declined in both controls. This strategy identified 17 in-frame PIMT target proteins, including a cupin-family protein similar to those identified previously using on-blot methylation. All recovered phage had at least one susceptible Asp or Asn residue. Five targets were recovered independently. Two in-frame targets were produced in Escherichia coli as recombinant proteins and shown by on-blot methylation to acquire isoAsp, becoming a PIMT target. Both gained isoAsp rapidly in solution upon thermal insult. Mutant analysis of plants deficient in any of three in-frame PIMT targets resulted in demonstrable phenotypes. An over-representation of clones encoding proteins involved in protein production suggests that the translational apparatus comprises a subgroup for which PIMT-mediated repair is vital for orthodox seed longevity. Impaired PIMT activity would hinder protein function in these targets, possibly resulting in poor seed performance. C1 [Chen, Tingsu; Nayak, Nihar; Majee, Susmita Maitra; Schaefermeyer, Kim R.; Eliopoulos, Alyssa C.; Lloyd, Taylor D.; Downie, A. Bruce] Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Perry, Sharyn E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Lowenson, Jonathan; Clarke, Steven G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Eliopoulos, Alyssa C.] Paul Laurence Dunbar High Sch, Math Sci & Technol Ctr, Lexington, KY 40515 USA. [Dinkins, Randy] Univ Kentucky, Agr Sci Ctr N220C, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Forsthoefel, Nancy R.; Vernon, Daniel M.] Whitman Coll, Dept Biol, Program Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Zhou, Zhaohui Sunny; Rejtar, Tomas] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Barnett Inst Chem & Biol Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Tingsu; Nayak, Nihar; Majee, Susmita Maitra; Schaefermeyer, Kim R.; Eliopoulos, Alyssa C.; Lloyd, Taylor D.; Perry, Sharyn E.; Downie, A. Bruce] Univ Kentucky, Seed Biol Grp, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Downie, AB (reprint author), 401A Plant Sci Bldg,1405 Vet Dr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM adownie@uky.edu RI Perry, Sharyn/M-9177-2013; Vernon, Daniel/L-1333-2016; OI Perry, Sharyn/0000-0002-3011-8240; Vernon, Daniel/0000-0002-4182-3105; Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X FU National Science Foundation [0449649]; University of Kentucky [14-28]; Paul Laurence Dunbar High School FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Grant 0449649 (to A. B. D. and S. G. C.). This work was also supported by University of Kentucky undergraduate research and creativity Grant 14-28 (to A. B. D. and T. D. L.).; We acknowledge David Martin and Manoj Majee for excellent technical advice, assistance, and troubleshooting during the phage cDNA library construction and biopanning optimization, Venkata Krishna Doppalapudi for excellent technical assistance planting, screening, harvesting, cleaning, and sowing seeds of the various mutant lines, Dr. Lynnette Dirk for expert advice in recombinant protein production and purification using FPLC, and Dr. Sarah Villa for work defining enzyme kinetics for rAtPIMT1. This work was also supported by the Math Science and Technology Center program, Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (to A. B. D. and A. C. E.) and by the University of Kentucky eUreKa! program. NR 83 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2010 VL 285 IS 48 BP 37281 EP 37292 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.157008 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 682ST UT WOS:000284424000021 PM 20870712 ER PT J AU Wu, W Clark, JS Vose, JM AF Wu, Wei Clark, James S. Vose, James M. TI Assimilating multi-source uncertainties of a parsimonious conceptual hydrological model using hierarchical Bayesian modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical Bayesian modeling; Hydrological modeling; Soil moisture; Streamflow ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; SPATIAL CORRELATION; INPUT UNCERTAINTY; SMALL CATCHMENTS AB Hierarchical Bayesian (HB) modeling allows for multiple sources of uncertainty by factoring complex relationships into conditional distributions that can be used to draw Inference and make predictions We applied an HB model to estimate the parameters and state variables of a parsimonious hydrological model - GR4J - by coherently assimilating the uncertainties from the model observations and parameters at Coweeta Basin in western North Carolina A state-space model was within the Bayesian hierarchical framework to estimate the daily soil moisture levels and their uncertainties Results show that the posteriors of the parameters were updated from and relatively insensitive to priors an indication that they were dominated by the data The uncertainties of the simulated streamflow increased with streamflow Increase By assimilating soil moisture data the model could estimate the maximum capacity of soil moisture accounting storage and predict storm events with higher precision compared to not assimilating soil moisture data This study has shown that hierarchical Bayesian model is a useful tool in water resource planning and management by acknowledging stochasticity (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Wu, Wei; Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Wu, W (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RI Clark, James/G-6331-2011 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) FX This research was made possible by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) We thank USDA-Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory for the support of the data We thank Drs Chelcy Ford and Katherine Elliott at Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory for the insightful discussion on hydrological cycles at Coweeta Basin We especially thank Dr Jerry Mead at the Academy of Natural Sciences for critical review We are also very grateful for two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments and suggestions to help improve the manuscript NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 26 PY 2010 VL 394 IS 3-4 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.017 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 699ZF UT WOS:000285701200014 ER PT J AU McKnight, AL Minkoff, LA Sutton, DL Thomsen, BV Habecker, PL Sweeney, RW Smith, G Dasanu, CA Ichim, TE Alexandrescu, DT Stutman, JM AF McKnight, Alexia L. Minkoff, Lawrence A. Sutton, Diane L. Thomsen, Bruce V. Habecker, Perry L. Sweeney, Raymond W. Smith, Gary Dasanu, Constantin A. Ichim, Thomas E. Alexandrescu, Doru T. Stutman, Joel M. TI Generalized cerebral atrophy seen on MRI in a naturally exposed animal model for creutzfeldt-jakob disease SO JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EYELID LYMPHOID-TISSUE; BRAIN ATROPHY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; SUBCLINICAL SCRAPIE; PRION PROTEIN; SHEEP; DIAGNOSIS; ACCUMULATION; PATHOGENESIS; FLOCK AB Background: Magnetic resonance imaging has been used in the diagnosis of human prion diseases such as sCJD and vCJD, but patients are scanned only when clinical signs appear, often at the late stage of disease. This study attempts to answer the questions "Could MRI detect prion diseases before clinical symptoms appear?, and if so, with what confidence?" Methods: Scrapie, the prion disease of sheep, was chosen for the study because sheep can fit into a human sized MRI scanner (and there were no large animal MRI scanners at the time of this study), and because the USDA had, at the time of the study, a sizeable sample of scrapie exposed sheep, which we were able to use for this purpose. 111 genetically susceptible sheep that were naturally exposed to scrapie were used in this study. Results: Our MRI findings revealed no clear, consistent hyperintense or hypointense signal changes in the brain on either clinically affected or asymptomatic positive animals on any sequence. However, in all 37 PrP(Sc) positive sheep (28 asymptomatic and 9 symptomatic), there was a greater ventricle to cerebrum area ratio on MRI compared to 74 PrP(Sc) negative sheep from the scrapie exposed flock and 6 control sheep from certified scrapie free flocks as defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that MRI imaging can detect diffuse cerebral atrophy in asymptomatic and symptomatic sheep infected with scrapie. Nine of these 37 positive sheep, including 2 one-year old animals, were PrP(Sc) positive only in lymph tissues but PrP(Sc) negative in the brain. This suggests either 1) that the cerebral atrophy/neuronal loss is not directly related to the accumulation of PrP(Sc) within the brain or 2) that the amount of PrP(Sc) in the brain is below the detectable limits of the utilized immunohistochemistry assay. The significance of these findings remains to be confirmed in human subjects with CJD. C1 [McKnight, Alexia L.] Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Minkoff, Lawrence A.] Fonar Corp, Melville, NY USA. [Sutton, Diane L.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Thomsen, Bruce V.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Habecker, Perry L.] Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Penn Anim Diagnost Lab Syst, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Habecker, Perry L.] Univ Penn, Lab Pathol & Toxicol, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Sweeney, Raymond W.] New Bolton Ctr, Dept Clin Studies, Med Sect, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Smith, Gary] New Bolton Ctr, Dept Clin Studies, Sect Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Dasanu, Constantin A.] St Francis Hosp & Med Ctr, Hartford, CT 06105 USA. [Ichim, Thomas E.] Medistem Inc, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Alexandrescu, Doru T.] Georgetown Dermatol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Stutman, Joel M.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Coll Hlth Related Profess, Med Comp Sci Program, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP McKnight, AL (reprint author), Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. EM alexia@mcknightinsight.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1479-5876 J9 J TRANSL MED JI J. Transl. Med. PD NOV 26 PY 2010 VL 8 AR 125 DI 10.1186/1479-5876-8-125 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 698UE UT WOS:000285617900001 PM 21108848 ER PT J AU Uyusur, B Darnault, CJG Snee, PT Koken, E Jacobson, AR Wells, RR AF Uyusur, Burcu Darnault, Christophe J. G. Snee, Preston T. Koken, Emre Jacobson, Astrid R. Wells, Robert R. TI Coupled effects of solution chemistry and hydrodynamics on the mobility and transport of quantum dot nanomaterials in the vadose zone SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Engineered nanoparticles; Quantum dots; Transport; Unsaturated porous media; Preferential flow; Gas-water interfaces; Ionic strength; Surfactant; Aggregation; Ripening ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; TRANSIENT-FLOW CONDITIONS; COLLOID TRANSPORT; IONIC-STRENGTH; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; TITANIA NANOPARTICLES; CAPILLARY CHANNEL AB To investigate the coupled effects of solution chemistry and hydrodynamics on the mobility of quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles in the vadose zone, laboratory scale transport experiments involving single and/or sequential infiltrations of QDs in unsaturated and saturated porous media, and computations of total interaction and capillary potential energies were performed. As ionic strength increased, QD retention in the unsaturated porous media increased: however, this retention was significantly suppressed in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant in the infiltration suspensions as indicated by surfactant enhanced transport of QDs. In the vadose zone, the non-ionic surfactant limited the formation of QD aggregates, enhanced QD mobility and transport, and lowered the solution surface tension, which resulted in a decrease in capillary forces that not only led to a reduction in the removal of QDs, but also impacted the vadose zone flow processes. When chemical transport conditions were favorable (ionic strength of 5 x 10(-4) M and 5 x 10(-3) M, or ionic strengths of 5 x 10(-2) M and 0.5 M with surfactant), the dominating phenomena controlling the mobility and transport of QDs in the vadose zone were meso-scale processes, where infiltration by preferential flow results in the rapid transport of QDs. When chemical transport conditions were unfavorable (ionic strength of 5 x 10-2 M and 0.5 M) the dominating phenomena controlling the mobility and transport of QDs in the vadose zone were pore-scale processes governed by gas-water interfaces (GWI) that impact the mobility of QDs. The addition of surfactant enhanced the transport of QDs both in favorable and unfavorable chemical transport conditions. The mobility and retention of QDs was controlled by interaction and capillary forces, with the latter being the most influential. GWI were found to be the dominant mechanism and site for QD removal compared with solid-water interfaces (SW!) and pore straining. Additionally, ripening phenomena were demonstrated to enhance QDs removal or retention in porous media and to be attenuated by the presence of surfactant. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Uyusur, Burcu; Darnault, Christophe J. G.; Koken, Emre] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Hydromech & Water Resources Engn Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Snee, Preston T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Jacobson, Astrid R.] Utah State Univ, Plant Soils & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wells, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Darnault, CJG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Hydromech & Water Resources Engn Lab, 842 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM darnault@uic.edu RI Jacobson, Astrid/J-9070-2012 FU University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A.; US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA); Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2008-35102-19159] FX This research was supported by the University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. and the US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, formerly National Research Initiative (NRI), under Water and Watershed Competitive Grant number 2008-35102-19159. We also thank Prof. Khodadoust for the access to the zeta meter, Prof. Rockne for the use of the ion chromatograph system, and Prof. Reddy for the use of the UV spectrophotometer. We thank the three anonymous reviewers and Dr. Tohren Kibbey, managing special guest editor for their thoughtful and constructive comments to improve our manuscript. NR 108 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV 25 PY 2010 VL 118 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.09.013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 702LG UT WOS:000285895600009 PM 21056511 ER PT J AU Ma, MG Liu, ZL AF Ma, Menggen Liu, Z. Lewis TI Comparative transcriptome profiling analyses during the lag phase uncover YAP1, PDR1, PDR3, RPN4, and HSF1 as key regulatory genes in genomic adaptation to the lignocellulose derived inhibitor HMF for Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS CONVERSION INHIBITORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; ZINC CLUSTER PROTEINS; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; ETHANOLOGENIC YEAST; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; IN-VIVO; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; PROTEASOME EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS AB Background: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to adapt and in situ detoxify lignocellulose derived inhibitors such as furfural and HMF. The length of lag phase for cell growth in response to the inhibitor challenge has been used to measure tolerance of strain performance. Mechanisms of yeast tolerance at the genome level remain unknown. Using systems biology approach, this study investigated comparative transcriptome profiling, metabolic profiling, cell growth response, and gene regulatory interactions of yeast strains and selective gene deletion mutations in response to HMF challenges during the lag phase of growth. Results: We identified 365 candidate genes and found at least 3 significant components involving some of these genes that enable yeast adaptation and tolerance to HMF in yeast. First, functional enzyme coding genes such as ARI1, ADH6, ADH7, and OYE3, as well as gene interactions involved in the biotransformation and inhibitor detoxification were the direct driving force to reduce HMF damages in cells. Expressions of these genes were regulated by YAP1 and its closely related regulons. Second, a large number of PDR genes, mainly regulated by PDR1 and PDR3, were induced during the lag phase and the PDR gene family-centered functions, including specific and multiple functions involving cellular transport such as TPO1, TPO4, RSB1, PDR5, PDR15, YOR1, and SNQ2, promoted cellular adaptation and survival in order to cope with the inhibitor stress. Third, expressed genes involving degradation of damaged proteins and protein modifications such as SHP1 and SSA4, regulated by RPN4, HSF1, and other co-regulators, were necessary for yeast cells to survive and adapt the HMF stress. A deletion mutation strain Delta rpn4 was unable to recover the growth in the presence of HMF. Conclusions: Complex gene interactions and regulatory networks as well as co-regulations exist in yeast adaptation and tolerance to the lignocellulose derived inhibitor HMF. Both induced and repressed genes involving diversified functional categories are accountable for adaptation and energy rebalancing in yeast to survive and adapt the HMF stress during the lag phase of growth. Transcription factor genes YAP1, PDR1, PDR3, RPN4, and HSF1 appeared to play key regulatory rules for global adaptation in the yeast S. cerevisiae. C1 [Ma, Menggen; Liu, Z. Lewis] USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM zlewis.liu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35504-17359] FX Authors are grateful to technical assistance from Amy Cash and Scott Weber and to Michael A. Cotta for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative award of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, project 2006-35504-17359. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 90 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 34 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 660 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-660 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 694MR UT WOS:000285302800001 PM 21106074 ER PT J AU Mao, JD Holtman, KM Franqui-Villanueva, D AF Mao, J. -D. Holtman, K. M. Franqui-Villanueva, D. TI Chemical Structures of Corn Stover and Its Residue after Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Insight into Factors Limiting Enzymatic Hydrolysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Corn stover; NMR; bioethanol; biomass; lignin; cellulose ID SOLID-STATE NMR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; D-XYLOSE; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC ACIDS; D-GLUCOSE; CELLULOSE; LIGNINS AB Advanced solid-state NMR techniques and wet chemical analyses were applied to investigate untreated corn stover (UCS) and its residues after dilute acid prehydrolysis (DAP) and enzymatic hydrolysis (RES) to provide evidence for the limitations to the effectiveness of enzyme hydrolysis. Advanced solid-state NMR spectral-editing techniques as well as (1)H-(13)C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation NMR (2D HETCOR) were employed. Our results indicated that dilute acid prehydrolysis selectively removed amorphous carbohydrates, increased aromatic CH/other protonated -C=C- and enriched alkyl CH and CH(2) components. Cinnamic acids were increased, and proteinaceous materials and N-containing degradation or condensation compounds were absorbed or coprecipitated in RES. 2D HETCOR experiments indicated a close association between lignin and the residual carbohydrates. Ketones/aldehydes were not detected in the DAP, in contrast to a report in which an appreciable amount of ketones/aldehydes was generated from the acid pretreatment of a purified cellulose in the literature. This suggested that acid pretreatment may modify the structure of purified cellulose more than biomass and that biomass may be a better substrate than model biopolymers and compounds for assessing structural changes that occur with industrial processing. On the basis of NMR and wet chemical analyses, we found the following factors could cause the limitations to the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis: (1) chemical modification of carbohydrates limited the biologically degradable carbohydrates available; (2) cinnamic acids in the residue accumulated; (3) accessibility was potentially limited due to the close association of carbohydrates with lignin; and (4) proteinaceous materials and N-containing degradation or condensation compounds were absorbed or coprecipitated. C1 [Mao, J. -D.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Holtman, K. M.; Franqui-Villanueva, D.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mao, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 4541 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jmao@odu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0843996, CBET-0853950] FX Partial support by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0843996 and CBET-0853950) is acknowledged. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 22 BP 11680 EP 11687 DI 10.1021/jf102514r PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 680AR UT WOS:000284203000023 PM 20973482 ER PT J AU Hager, TJ Howard, LR Prior, RL AF Hager, Tiffany J. Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Processing and Storage Effects on the Ellagitannin Composition of Processed Blackberry Products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Blackberry; ellagitannins; processing; storage ID RADICAL-SCAVENGING CAPACITY; ELLAGIC ACID CONTENT; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; POMEGRANATE JUICE; PHENOLIC CONTENT; FROZEN STORAGE; ANTHOCYANINS; POLYPHENOLS; BIOAVAILABILITY; QUANTIFICATION AB Changes in blackberry ellagitannin composition in response to juicing (clarified and nonclarified), pureeing, canning (in water or syrup), and freezing as well as changes in processed products during 6 months of storage were investigated. Canning, pureeing, and freezing had little effect on ellagitannins, but processing berries into nonclarified and clarified juices resulted in total ellagitannin losses of 70 and 82%, respectively, due to removal of ellagitannin-rich seeds in the presscake. Minimal changes in total ellagitannin content were observed during storage of thermally processed products, but compositional changes indicative of ellagitannin depolymerization were apparent. The ellagitannin content and composition of frozen berries remained stable over 6 months of storage. Ellagitannins are well retained in canned, pureed, and frozen blackberries, but methods are needed to prevent losses during juice processing and/or exploit the ellagitannin-rich coproducts. C1 [Hager, Tiffany J.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Hager, Tiffany J.; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35503-15409] FX Received for review July 29, 2010. Revised manuscript received October 7, 2010. Accepted October 12, 2010. This study was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant 2005-35503-15409. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 22 BP 11749 EP 11754 DI 10.1021/jf102964b PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 680AR UT WOS:000284203000032 PM 21033710 ER PT J AU Trigo, C Koskinen, WC Celis, R Sadowsky, MJ Hermosin, MC Cornejo, J AF Trigo, Carmen Koskinen, William C. Celis, Rafael Sadowsky, Michael J. Hermosin, Maria C. Cornejo, Juan TI Bioavailability of Organoclay Formulations of Atrazine in Soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bioavailability; organoclays; Pseudomonas sp strain ADP; sorption; triazine herbicides ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS; OLIVE GROVES; CLAY; SORPTION; HERBICIDES; SURFACES; SIMAZINE; REDUCE; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION AB Pesticide formulations based on organoclays have been proposed to prolong the efficacy and reduce the environmental impact of pesticides in soil. This research addressed the question of whether atrazine in organoclay-based formulations is irreversibly sorbed or is bioavailable for bacterial degradation in soil. Different cations of L-carnitine (CAR), tyramine (TYRAM), hexadimethrine (HEXADIM), phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA), hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), and Fe(III) were incorporated into Na-rich Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-2) and Ca-rich Arizona montmorillonite (SAz-1) at 100% of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clays as a strategy to enhance the affinity of the clay minerals for atrazine. A Buse loam soil from Becker, MN, was treated with three organoclay-based formulations of (14)C-atrazine or free herbicide and incubated for 2 weeks. To determine the bioavailability of (14)C-atrazine, the soil was inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, which rapidly mineralizes atrazine. At day 0, and after a 2 week incubation, mineralization and the amount of (14)C-atrazine residues distributed between the aqueous-extractable, methanol-extractable, and bound fractions in the soil were determined to characterize the availability of nonaged and aged atrazine residues. By the end of the 2 week incubation, the microorganisms had mineralized >80% of the initial readily available (water-extractable) and >70% of the less readily available (methanol-extractable) (14)C-atrazine in the soil. Bound residues increased from <4% at day 0 to similar to 17% after the 2 week incubation for both the formulated and free forms of atrazine. The results of these incubation experiments show that the bioavailabilities of atrazine were similar in the case of the organoclay formulations and as free atrazine. This indicated that whereas more atrazine was sorbed and less likely to be transported in soil, when formulated as organoclay complexes, it was ultimately accessible to degrading bacteria, so that the herbicide is likely to be naturally attenuated by soil microorganisms. C1 [Trigo, Carmen; Celis, Rafael; Hermosin, Maria C.; Cornejo, Juan] CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Koskinen, William C.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Celis, R (reprint author), CSIC, IRNAS, Ave Reina Mercedes 10,POB 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM rcelis@irnase.csic.es RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2008-04031-C02-01]; Junta de Andalucia [P07-AGR-03077]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science FX Received for review July 27, 2010. Revised manuscript received September 27, 2010. Accepted September 28, 2010. This work has been financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL2008-04031-C02-01) and by Junta de Andalucia (project P07-AGR-03077). C.T. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for her FPI fellowship. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 22 BP 11857 EP 11863 DI 10.1021/jf102909y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 680AR UT WOS:000284203000048 PM 20964437 ER PT J AU Bilbao-Sainz, C Avena-Bustillos, RJ Wood, DF Williams, TG McHugh, TH AF Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Wood, Delilah F. Williams, Tina G. McHugh, Tara H. TI Nanoemulsions Prepared by a Low-Energy Emulsification Method Applied to Edible Films SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Catastrophic phase inversion; emulsification; nanoemulsion; edible films ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; PHASE INVERSION PROCESS; NANO-EMULSIONS; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; SIZE; MICROEMULSIONS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; DISPERSIONS AB Catastrophic phase inversion (CPI) was used as a low-energy emulsification method to prepare oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions in a lipid (Acetem)/water/nonionic surfactant (Tween 60) system. CPIs in which water-in-oil emulsions (W/O) are transformed into oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) were induced by changes in the phase ratio. Dynamic phase inversion emulsification was achieved by slowly increasing the water volume fraction (f(w)) to obtain O/W emulsions from water in oil emulsions. Composition and processing variables were optimized to minimize droplet size and polydispersity index (Pdl). It was found that addition of the continuous phase to the dispersed phase following the standard CPI procedure resulted in the formation of oil droplets with diameters of 100-200 nm. Droplet size distribution during CPI and emulsification time depended on stirring speed and surfactant concentration. Droplet sizes in the inverted emulsions were compared to those obtained by direct emulsification: The process time to reach droplet sizes of around 100 nm was reduced by 12 times by using CPI emulsification. The Acetem/water nanoemulsion was also used as a carrier to incorporate oregano and cinnamon essential oils into soy protein edible films. The resulting composite films containing oregano oil showed better moisture barrier and mechanical properties compared to soy protein films. C1 [Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Wood, Delilah F.; Williams, Tina G.; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bilbao-Sainz, C (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 22 BP 11932 EP 11938 DI 10.1021/jf102341r PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 680AR UT WOS:000284203000059 PM 20977191 ER PT J AU Polyakov, VO Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Hamerlynck, EP Nichols, MH Collins, CDH Scott, RL AF Polyakov, V. O. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Hamerlynck, E. P. Nichols, M. H. Collins, C. D. Holifield Scott, R. L. TI Runoff and erosional responses to a drought-induced shift in a desert grassland community composition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCED LEHMANN LOVEGRASS; PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSES; SEDIMENT YIELD; NORTH-AMERICA; RANGELAND; SOIL; ARIZONA; GRASSES; CLIMATE; PATTERNS AB This study investigates how drought-induced change in semiarid grassland community affected runoff and sediment yield in a small watershed in southeast Arizona, USA. Three distinct periods in ecosystem composition and associated runoff and sediment yield were identified according to dominant species: native bunchgrass (1974-2005), forbs (2006), and the invasive grass, Eragrostis lehmanniana (2007-2009). Precipitation, runoff, and sediment yield for each period were analyzed and compared at watershed and plot scales. Average watershed annual sediment yield was 0.16 t ha(-1) yr(-1). Despite similarities in precipitation characteristics, decline in plant canopy cover during the transition period of 2006 caused watershed sediment yield to increase 23-fold to 1.64 t ha(-1) yr(-1) comparing with preceding period under native bunchgrasses (0.06 t ha(-1) yr(-1)) or succeeding period under E. lehmanniana (0.06 t ha(-1) yr(-1)). In contrast, measurements on small runoff plots on the hillslopes of the same watershed showed a significant increase in sediment discharge that continued after E. lehmanniana replaced native grasses. Together, these findings suggest alteration in plant community increased sediment yield but that hydrological responses to this event differ at watershed and plot scales, highlighting the geomorphological controls at the watershed scale that determine sediment transport efficiency and storage. Resolving these scalar issues will help identify critical landform features needed to preserve watershed integrity under changing climate conditions. C1 [Polyakov, V. O.; Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.; Hamerlynck, E. P.; Nichols, M. H.; Collins, C. D. Holifield; Scott, R. L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Polyakov, VO (reprint author), ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM viktor.polyakov@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04027 DI 10.1029/2010JG001386 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 686OI UT WOS:000284705200001 ER PT J AU Angulo-Valadez, CE Scholl, PJ Cepeda-Palacios, R Jacquiet, P Dorchies, P AF Angulo-Valadez, Carlos E. Scholl, Philip J. Cepeda-Palacios, Ramon Jacquiet, Philippe Dorchies, Philippe TI Nasal bots ... a fascinating world! SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Meeting of the European-Veterinary-Parasitology-College (EVPC) CY JUN 23, 2009 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP European Veterinary Parasitol Coll DE Oestrids; Epidemiology; Pathology; Immunity ID ESTRUS-OVIS DIPTERA; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EXPERIMENTAL CONCURRENT INFECTION; RHINOESTRUS-USBEKISTANICUS GAN; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; 1ST INSTAR LARVAE; LINNE 1761; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; PARASITE POPULATIONS; OESTRIDAE LARVAE AB Larvae causing obligatory myiasis are numerous and they may affect cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, wounds, nasopharyngeal cavities (nasal bots), internal organs and the digestive tract (bots) of domestic and wild animals and humans as well. Nasal bots belong to the Family Oestridae, Subfamily Oestrinae, which includes several important genera: Oestrus, Kirkioestrus, and Gedoelstia infecting Artiodactyla (except Cervidae) in Africa and Eurasia, Cephenemyia and Pharyngomyia infecting Cervidae, Rhinoestrus infecting horses, Cephalopina infecting camels, Pharyngobolus infecting African elephants, and Tracheomyia infecting Australian kangaroos. Nasal bots are widespread in Mediterranean and tropical areas and in affected animals they induce sneezing and nasal discharge which may become caked with dust making breathing very difficult. The aforementioned species of larvae are host-specific but sometimes the may be deposited in human eyes inducing a painful opthalmomyiasis of short duration. The first fascinating trait of these parasites is the very efficient morphological and biological adaptations to parasitism they show either as larvae or as adults, in order to facilitate their survival and search for a suitable host. Nasal bots have reached different degrees of complexity in their life cycles. Indeed, while for some species (e.g.. Oestrus ovis, Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus) larvae are injected by flies directly into nostrils and develop in the sinuses before being ejected for external pupation, some other species migrate from eyes to blood before returning to nasal cavities either through the ethmoid bone (Gedoelstia hassleri) or via lungs and bronchi (Gedoelstia cristata). Moreover, larvae are very well-adapted to their environment being able to undergo through hypobiosis either inside or outside the host, according to the climatic environmental conditions and seasonality. The second fascinating trait of nasal bots is related to host behavioural and immune responses against the infection. Host behaviour may in fact prevent larviposition and inflammatory/immune reactions limit larval development. The main pathophysiological mechanisms involve mast cells and eosinophils which destroy the larvae in sensitized animals. The intense eosinophilic reaction has side effects both locally (i.e. on the nasal mucosa) and also generally, with possible interactions with gastrointestinal strongyles (e.g., both worm burdens and fecundity decreased in lambs infected by O. ovis). Infected animals (e.g., sheep, goat, camel, and donkey) firstly suffer from fly strike, when adult flies inject first stage larvae on nostrils: sheep may try to avoid fly swarms but eventually Rangifer tarandus can only manage a terror-stricken look! Secondly, hosts will suffer from myiasis with typical nasal discharge and sneezing related to sinusitis. Clinical manifestations may vary: for example O. ovis induces severe clinical signs in sheep whilst produces few effects in goats! These parasites are diffused in many Mediterranean and tropical countries. Unfortunately, it is commonly believed that bacterial infections induced by nasal bots are of greater clinical importance: this view is not substantiated and the control of this condition depends on treatment with macrocyclic lactones, closantel and nitroxynil. Reinfections are common, and controlling nasal bots is not so simple. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacquiet, Philippe; Dorchies, Philippe] Univ Toulouse, Ecole Natl Vet, INRA, UMR 1225, F-31076 Toulouse, France. [Angulo-Valadez, Carlos E.] Ctr Invest Biol Nordeste, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. [Scholl, Philip J.] USDA ARS, Richland Ctr, WI USA. [Cepeda-Palacios, Ramon] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Lab Sanidad Anim, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. RP Dorchies, P (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Ecole Natl Vet, INRA, UMR 1225, 23 Chemin Capelles, F-31076 Toulouse, France. EM p.dorchies@envt.fr NR 53 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.011 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 687ZS UT WOS:000284817900004 PM 20837381 ER PT J AU Munoz-Amatriain, M Xiong, YW Schmitt, MR Bilgic, H Budde, AD Chao, SAM Smith, KP Muehlbauer, GJ AF Munoz-Amatriain, Maria Xiong, Yanwen Schmitt, Mark R. Bilgic, Hatice Budde, Allen D. Chao, Shiaoman Smith, Kevin P. Muehlbauer, Gary J. TI Transcriptome analysis of a barley breeding program examines gene expression diversity and reveals target genes for malting quality improvement SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; PROLYL ENDOPROTEASE; CELIAC-DISEASE; SPRING BARLEY; DEGRADATION; CULTIVARS; DISCOVERY; GERMPLASM; AMYLASE; GLUTEN AB Background: Advanced cycle breeding utilizes crosses among elite lines and is a successful method to develop new inbreds. However, it results in a reduction in genetic diversity within the breeding population. The development of malting barley varieties requires the adherence to a narrow malting quality profile and thus the use of advanced cycle breeding strategies. Although attention has been focused on diversity in gene expression and its association with genetic diversity, there are no studies performed in a single breeding program examining the implications that consecutive cycles of breeding have on gene expression variation and identifying the variability still available for future improvement. Results: Fifteen lines representing the historically important six-rowed malting barley breeding program of the University of Minnesota were genotyped with 1,524 SNPs, phenotypically examined for six malting quality traits, and analyzed for transcript accumulation during germination using the Barley1 GeneChip array. Significant correlation was detected between genetic and transcript-level variation. We observed a reduction in both genetic and gene expression diversity through the breeding process, although the expression of many genes have not been fixed. A high number of quality-related genes whose expression was fixed during the breeding process was identified, indicating that much of the diversity reduction was associated with the improvement of the complex phenotype "malting quality", the main goal of the University of Minnesota breeding program. We also identified 49 differentially expressed genes between the most recent lines of the program that were correlated with one or more of the six primary malting quality traits. These genes constitute potential targets for the improvement of malting quality within the breeding program. Conclusions: The present study shows the repercussion of advanced cycle breeding on gene expression diversity within an important barley breeding program. A reduction in gene expression diversity was detected, although there is diversity still present after forty years of breeding that can exploited for future crop improvement. In addition, the identification of candidate genes for enhancing malting quality may be used to optimize the selection of targets for further improvements in this economically important phenotype. C1 [Munoz-Amatriain, Maria; Xiong, Yanwen; Bilgic, Hatice; Smith, Kevin P.; Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Xiong, Yanwen] Pioneer Hi Bred Intl Inc, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. [Schmitt, Mark R.; Budde, Allen D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crop Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Bilgic, Hatice] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Rheumatol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Muehlbauer, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM muehl003@umn.edu RI Bilgic Lim, Hatice/B-9081-2013 OI Bilgic Lim, Hatice/0000-0002-4225-7176 FU USDA-CSREES; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722] FX We thank Wayne W. Xu, from the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, for his help with the SFP analysis. This work was funded by grants from USDA-CSREES U.S. Barley Genome Mapping Project to G.J.M. and K.P.S. The SNP genotyping platform was developed as part of the barley Coordinated Agricultural Project grant (USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No. 2006-55606-16722). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 653 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-653 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 693VN UT WOS:000285253600002 PM 21092286 ER PT J AU Mesplet, M Echaide, I Dominguez, M Mosqueda, JJ Suarez, CE Schnittger, L Florin-Christensen, M AF Mesplet, Maria Echaide, Ignacio Dominguez, Mariana Mosqueda, Juan J. Suarez, Carlos E. Schnittger, Leonhard Florin-Christensen, Monica TI Bovipain-2, the falcipain-2 ortholog, is expressed in intraerythrocytic stages of the tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia bovis SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID CYSTEINE PROTEASE FALCIPAIN-2; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GENOME SEQUENCE; RECOMBINANT FALCIPAIN-2; PARASITIC PROTOZOA; BIOLOGICAL ROLES; THEILERIA-PARVA; INHIBITORS; MALARIA AB Background: Cysteine proteases have been shown to be highly relevant for Apicomplexan parasites. In the case of Babesia bovis, a tick-transmitted hemoparasite of cattle, inhibitors of these enzymes were shown to hamper intraerythrocytic replication of the parasite, underscoring their importance for survival. Results: Four papain-like cysteine proteases were found to be encoded by the B. bovis genome using the MEROPS database. One of them, the ortholog of Plasmodium falciparum falcipain-2, here named bovipain-2, was further characterized. Bovipain-2 is encoded in B. bovis chromosome 4 by an ORF of 1.3 kb, has a predicted molecular weight of 42 kDa, and is hydrophilic with the exception of a transmembrane region. It has orthologs in several other apicomplexans, and its predicted amino acid sequence shows a high degree of conservation among several B. bovis isolates from North and South America. Synteny studies demonstrated that the bovipain-2 gene has expanded in the genomes of two related piroplasmids, Theileria parva and T. annulata, into families of 6 and 7 clustered genes respectively. The bovipain-2 gene is transcribed in in vitro cultured intra-erythrocyte forms of a virulent and an attenuated B. bovis strain from Argentina, and has no introns, as shown by RT-PCR followed by sequencing. Antibodies against a recombinant form of bovipain-2 recognized two parasite protein bands of 34 and 26 kDa, which coincide with the predicted sizes of the pro-peptidase and mature peptidase, respectively. Immunofluorescence studies showed an intracellular localization of bovipain-2 in the middle-rear region of in vitro cultured merozoites, as well as diffused in the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes. Anti-bovipain-2 antibodies also reacted with B. bigemina-infected erythrocytes giving a similar pattern, which suggests cross-reactivity among these species. Antibodies in sera of two out of six B. bovis-experimentally infected bovines tested, reacted specifically with recombinant bovipain-2 in immunoblots, thus demonstrating expression and immunogenicity during bovine-infecting stages. Conclusions: Overall, we present the characterization of bovipain-2 and demonstrate its in vitro and in vivo expression in virulent and attenuated strains. Given the involvement of apicomplexan cysteine proteases in essential parasite functions, bovipain-2 constitutes a new vaccine candidate and potential drug target for bovine babesiosis. C1 [Mesplet, Maria; Dominguez, Mariana; Schnittger, Leonhard; Florin-Christensen, Monica] INTA Castelar, Inst Patobiol, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agron, Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Echaide, Ignacio] INTA Rafaela, Estac Expt Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Argentina. [Mosqueda, Juan J.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Santiago De Queretaro, Mexico. [Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Mesplet, Maria; Schnittger, Leonhard; Florin-Christensen, Monica] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Florin-Christensen, M (reprint author), INTA Castelar, Inst Patobiol, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agron, Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM mflorin@cnia.inta.gov.ar FU ANPCyT [PICT 200200054]; INTA, Argentina [AERG 232152]; European Commission [INCO 003691 MEDLABAB, INCO 245145 PIROVAC]; Wellcome Trust, UK [075800/Z/04/Z]; CONICET; INTA; USDA; Univeristy of Queretaro FX The experimental work was supported by grants from ANPCyT (PICT 200200054) and INTA (AERG 232152), Argentina; the European Commission (INCO 003691 MEDLABAB, and INCO 245145 PIROVAC), and the Wellcome Trust (075800/Z/04/Z), UK. Salaries were provided by CONICET (MM, Ph.D. Fellow; and MFC and LS, Researchers); INTA (IE, MD), USDA (CES) and the Univeristy of Queretaro (JJM). The authors deeply thank Dr. Joao Ricardo Martins (IPVDF, Porto Alegre, Brasil) and Dra. Maria Solari (DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Montevideo, Uruguay) for kindly providing Brazil and Uruguay B. bovis strain, respectively; Dr. Marisa Farber, Institute of Biotechnology (IB), CICVyA, INTA; and Med. Vet. Daniel Benitez, EEA-Mercedes, INTA, for the maintenance and provision of the Uruguay and Brazil isolates, and the BboM3P isolate, respectively. The assistance of Guillermo Maroniche, IB, CICVyA, INTA, for the observation of IFA slides and of Erick Lyons, UC Berkely, for his assistance in the Genome Evolution Analysis, are gratefully acknowledged. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 3 AR 113 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-3-113 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 696TO UT WOS:000285464500001 PM 21092313 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Buntgen, U Frank, DC Kausrud, K Haynes, KJ Liebhold, AM Esper, J Stenseth, NC AF Johnson, Derek M. Buentgen, Ulf Frank, David C. Kausrud, Kyrre Haynes, Kyle J. Liebhold, Andrew M. Esper, Jan Stenseth, Nils Chr. TI Climatic warming disrupts recurrent Alpine insect outbreaks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE traveling wave; tree rings; tri-trophic; Lepidoptera; parasitoids ID TREE-RING GROWTH; EUROPEAN ALPS; LARCH-BUDMOTH; LARIX-DECIDUA; POPULATION-CYCLES; FOREST PEST; TEMPERATURE; ELEVATION; RESPONSES; IMPACTS AB Climate change has been identified as a causal factor for diverse ecological changes worldwide. Warming trends over the last couple of decades have coincided with the collapse of long-term population cycles in a broad range of taxa, although causal mechanisms are not well-understood. Larch budmoth (LBM) population dynamics across the European Alps, a classic example of regular outbreaks, inexplicably changed sometime during the 1980s after 1,200 y of nearly uninterrupted periodic outbreak cycles. Herein, analysis of perhaps the most extensive spatiotemporal dataset of population dynamics and reconstructed Alpine-wide LBM defoliation records reveals elevational shifts in LBM outbreak epicenters that coincide with temperature fluctuations over two centuries. A population model supports the hypothesis that temperature-mediated shifting of the optimal elevation for LBM population growth is the mechanism for elevational epicenter changes. Increases in the optimal elevation for population growth over the warming period of the last century to near the distributional limit of host larch likely dampened population cycles, thereby causing the collapse of a millennium-long outbreak cycle. The threshold-like change in LBM outbreak pattern highlights how interacting species with differential response rates to climate change can result in dramatic ecological changes. C1 [Johnson, Derek M.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Buentgen, Ulf; Frank, David C.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Dendro Sci Unit, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Buentgen, Ulf; Frank, David C.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Kausrud, Kyrre; Stenseth, Nils Chr.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Haynes, Kyle J.] Univ Virginia, Boyce, VA 22620 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Esper, Jan] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Geog, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM derekjohnson@louisiana.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Haynes, Kyle/C-1374-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012; Frank, David/C-7764-2013; buentgen, ulf/J-6952-2013; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Haynes, Kyle/0000-0002-3283-6633; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399 FU US Department of Agriculture NRI [2006-35306-17264]; Swiss National Science Foundation (NCCR-Climate); Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo FX We thank Eugene Luzader for assistance in preparing Fig. 1. Funding and support were provided by the US Department of Agriculture NRI grant 2006-35306-17264 (to D.M.J.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (NCCR-Climate) (to D.C.F., J.E., and U.B.), and the Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo. NR 47 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 62 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 47 BP 20576 EP 20581 DI 10.1073/pnas.1010270107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 684DT UT WOS:000284529000078 PM 21059922 ER PT J AU Lorenz, AJ Hamblin, MT Jannink, JL AF Lorenz, Aaron J. Hamblin, Martha T. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Performance of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms versus Haplotypes for Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Barley SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX TRAITS; MODEL; GENE; MARKERS; POWER AB Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may benefit from utilizing haplotype information for making marker-phenotype associations. Several rationales for grouping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into haplotype blocks exist, but any advantage may depend on such factors as genetic architecture of traits, patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the study population, and marker density. The objective of this study was to explore the utility of haplotypes for GWAS in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to offer a first detailed look at this approach for identifying agronomically important genes in crops. To accomplish this, we used genotype and phenotype data from the Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project and constructed haplotypes using three different methods. Marker-trait associations were tested by the efficient mixed-model association algorithm (EMMA). When QTL were simulated using single SNPs dropped from the marker dataset, a simple sliding window performed as well or better than single SNPs or the more sophisticated methods of blocking SNPs into haplotypes. Moreover, the haplotype analyses performed better 1) when QTL were simulated as polymorphisms that arose subsequent to marker variants, and 2) in analysis of empirical heading date data. These results demonstrate that the information content of haplotypes is dependent on the particular mutational and recombinational history of the QTL and nearby markers. Analysis of the empirical data also confirmed our intuition that the distribution of QTL alleles in nature is often unlike the distribution of marker variants, and hence utilizing haplotype information could capture associations that would elude single SNPs. We recommend routine use of both single SNP and haplotype markers for GWAS to take advantage of the full information content of the genotype data. C1 [Lorenz, Aaron J.; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hamblin, Martha T.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Lorenz, AJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-85606-05701] FX United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant No. 2009-85606-05701, "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement." The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e14079 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014079 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 683HW UT WOS:000284467200012 PM 21124933 ER PT J AU Huang, L Zhai, SL Cheung, AK Zhang, HB Long, JX Yuan, SS AF Huang, Lv Zhai, Shao-Lun Cheung, Andrew K. Zhang, Hong-Biao Long, Jin-Xue Yuan, Shi-Shan TI Detection of a novel porcine parvovirus, PPV4, in chinese swine herds SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CIRCOVIRUS TYPE-2; HUMAN TISSUES; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION AB To determine whether the novel porcine parvovirus type 4 (PPV4) recently reported in America is prevalent in China, a set of specific primers was designed and used for molecular survey of PPV4 among the clinical samples collected from various provinces of China between 2006 and 2010. The results showed that PPV4 is present in Chinese swine herds at a rate of 2.09% (12/573) among the clinical samples examined and 0.76% (1/132) among the samples taken from healthy animals. We also noted that PPV4 was not detected in samples taken prior to 2009. Analysis of the coding sequences showed that the Chinese and American PPV4 genome sequences are closely related with greater than 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Similar to a previous study, viral genomes in head-to-tail configuration of various lengths of the non-coding region were detected. Our findings confirmed that PPV4 is a unique recently discovered virus in pigs. Phylogenetically, PPV4 is most closely related to bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2, which is not a Bocavirus and is not assigned to any Parvovirinae genus) and shares limited ORF1 (33.6%) and ORF2 (24.5%) amino acid identity. With respect to genome structure and organization, PPV4 encodes an ORF3 in the middle of the viral genome that resembles the Bocavirus genus. However, the PPV4 ORF3 encoded protein shares minimal amino acid identity with the ORF3 encoded proteins of the Bocavirus genus. C1 [Huang, Lv; Zhai, Shao-Lun; Zhang, Hong-Biao; Long, Jin-Xue; Yuan, Shi-Shan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Dept Swine Infect Dis, Shanghai Vet Res Inst, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Shao-Lun] Xinjiang Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Urumqi 830052, Peoples R China. [Cheung, Andrew K.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zhang, Hong-Biao] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP Long, JX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Dept Swine Infect Dis, Shanghai Vet Res Inst, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. EM longjx@shvri.ac.cn; shishanyuan@shvri.ac.cn OI Zhai, Shao-Lun/0000-0003-3217-2256 FU National Nonprofit Research Institutions [2010BJ05]; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) [2006BAD06A01]; Shanghai Agricultural Research Fund FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Da-Wei Xu at Boerhinger Ingelheim Inc. and Xiang-Jian Li at China Animal Husbandry Inc. for providing the clinical samples. We thank Dr. Marcus Kehrli at USDA-NADC for critical review of the manuscript. This project was partially sponsored by a Basic Research Project grant from the National Nonprofit Research Institutions (2010BJ05) to J.L, and National Project funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST, 2006BAD06A01) and Shanghai Agricultural Research Fund (2006-10-4) to S.Y. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD NOV 21 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 333 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-7-333 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 691QF UT WOS:000285095200001 PM 21092136 ER PT J AU Bastos, RG Ueti, MW Knowles, DP Scoles, GA AF Bastos, Reginaldo G. Ueti, Massaro W. Knowles, Donald P. Scoles, Glen A. TI The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 gene plays a critical role in the fitness of ticks fed on cattle during acute Babesia bovis infection SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID ONE-HOST TICK; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; RNA INTERFERENCE; BM86; INFESTATIONS; EXPRESSION; IXODIDAE; VACCINE; ACARI AB Background: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an economically important tick of cattle involved in the transmission of Babesia bovis, the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis. Commercial anti-tick vaccines based on the R. microplus Bm86 glycoprotein have shown some effect in controlling tick infestation; however their efficacy as a stand- alone solution for tick control has been questioned. Understanding the role of the Bm86 gene product in tick biology is critical to identifying additional methods to utilize Bm86 to reduce R. microplus infestation and babesia transmission. Additionally, the role played by Bm86 in R. microplus fitness during B. bovis infection is unknown. Results: Here we describe in two independent experiments that RNA interference-mediated silencing of Bm86 decreased the fitness of R. microplus females fed on cattle during acute B. bovis infection. Notably, Bm86 silencing decreased the number and survival of engorged females, and decreased the weight of egg masses. However, gene silencing had no significant effect on the efficiency of transovarial transmission of B. bovis from surviving female ticks to their larval offspring. The results also show that Bm86 is expressed, in addition to gut cells, in larvae, nymphs, adult males and ovaries of partially engorged adult R. microplus females, and its expression was significantly down-regulated in ovaries of ticks fed on B. bovis-infected cattle. Conclusion: The R. microplus Bm86 gene plays a critical role during tick feeding and after repletion during blood digestion in ticks fed on cattle during acute B. bovis infection. Therefore, the data indirectly support the rationale for using Bm86-based vaccines, perhaps in combination with acaricides, to control tick infestation particularly in B. bovis endemic areas. C1 [Bastos, Reginaldo G.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ueti, Massaro W.; Knowles, Donald P.; Scoles, Glen A.] USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bastos, RG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rgbastos@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5348-32000-028-00D] FX We express our gratitude to Dr. Susan Noh for critically reviewing the manuscript. We thank Ralph Horn and James Allison for assistance with tick rearing and animal care. We also thank Kathy Mason and Sara Davis for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project number 5348-32000-028-00D. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 3 AR 111 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-3-111 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 687NX UT WOS:000284786300001 PM 21092112 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Gelb, J Preskenis, LA Ladman, BS Pope, CR Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Mckinley, ET AF Spackman, Erica Gelb, Jack, Jr. Preskenis, Lauren A. Ladman, Brian S. Pope, Conrad R. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Mckinley, Enid T. TI The pathogenesis of low pathogenicity H7 avian influenza viruses in chickens, ducks and turkeys SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; OUTBREAKS; NORTH; RECOMBINATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; POULTRY AB Background: Avian influenza (AI) viruses infect numerous avian species, and low pathogenicity (LP) AI viruses of the H7 subtype are typically reported to produce mild or subclinical infections in both wild aquatic birds and domestic poultry. However relatively little work has been done to compare LPAI viruses from different avian species for their ability to cause disease in domestic poultry under the same conditions. In this study twelve H7 LPAI virus isolates from North America were each evaluated for their comparative pathogenesis in chickens, ducks, and turkeys. Results: All 12 isolates were able to infect all three species at a dose of 106 50% egg infectious doses based on seroconversion, although not all animals seroconverted with each isolate-species combination. The severity of disease varied among isolate and species combinations, but there was a consistent trend for clinical disease to be most severe in turkeys where all 12 isolates induced disease, and mortality was observed in turkeys exposed to 9 of the 12 viruses. Turkeys also shed virus by the oral and cloacal routes at significantly higher titers than either ducks or chickens at numerous time points. Only 3 isolates induced observable clinical disease in ducks and only 6 isolates induced disease in chickens, which was generally very mild and did not result in mortality. Full genome sequence was completed for all 12 isolates and some isolates did have features consistent with adaptation to poultry (e.g. NA stalk deletions), however none of these features correlated with disease severity. Conclusions: The data suggests that turkeys may be more susceptible to clinical disease from the H7 LPAI viruses included in this study than either chickens or ducks. However the severity of disease and degree of virus shed was not clearly correlated with any isolate or group of isolates, but relied on specific species and isolate combinations. C1 [Spackman, Erica; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Mckinley, Enid T.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Gelb, Jack, Jr.; Preskenis, Lauren A.; Ladman, Brian S.; Pope, Conrad R.] Univ Delaware, Avian Biosci Ctr, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM erica.spackman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6612-32000-048, 58-6612-6-245] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Scott Lee, Melissa Scott, Barbara Stancil, Joyce Bennett, Joanne Kramer, Kyle LeStrange and Michelle Wood for technical assistance with this work. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project #6612-32000-048 and USDA-ARS cooperative agreement #58-6612-6-245. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 331 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-7-331 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 694JR UT WOS:000285293900001 PM 21092107 ER PT J AU Konare, H Yost, RS Doumbia, M McCarty, GW Jarju, A Kablan, R AF Konare, H. Yost, R. S. Doumbia, M. McCarty, G. W. Jarju, A. Kablan, R. TI Loss on ignition: Measuring soil organic carbon in soils of the Sahel, West Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Loss on ignition; Sahel; Mali; Africa; carbon sequestration; combustion; Walkley and Black ID LOSS-ON-IGNITION; CHROMIC-ACID; MATTER AB Traditional methods of measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) are not adequate for accurate evaluation of C sequestration nor to meet environmental safety requirements. Methods that permit accurate assessment of SOC, which are environmentally healthy, and yet feasible for use in developing countries are needed. Initial and ignition temperatures were adjusted so that loss on ignition (LOI) measures of SOC matched measurements by combustion methods. A comparison of combustion, LOI, and Walkley-Black methods was carried out with soils of Mali, West Africa, ranging from 2 - 25 g kg(-1) SOC. The LOI method, when using initial (preparation) temperatures of 105 C and ignition temperatures of 350 C, related closely with combustion measures (Adj. R(2) of 0.89). The SOC measurements by combustion, however, differed from those of Walkley-Black procedure. The LOI calibration equation was %C (combustion) = 0.03 + 0.36 x %weight loss by LOI, adj. R(2)=0.89. The Mali calibration of LOI with combustion SOC was tested on soils of Gambia, however, a systematic over-prediction suggested that re-calibration may be needed to ensure LOI method accuracy with soils different from the calibration set. This need for re-calibration is similar to the Type 2 error, where the sample belongs to a different calibration set. C1 [Yost, R. S.; Kablan, R.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McCarty, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Konare, H.; Doumbia, M.] Inst Econ Rurale, Labo SEP, Bamako, Mali. RP Yost, RS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way,St John 102, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rsyost@hawaii.edu FU Offices of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development [LAG-G-00-97-00002-00] FX This research was made possible through support provided by the Offices of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Award No. LAG-G-00-97-00002-00 to the University of Hawai'i at Manoa. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1991-637X J9 AFR J AGR RES JI Afr. J. Agric. Res. PD NOV 18 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 22 BP 3088 EP 3095 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 699EV UT WOS:000285647600014 ER PT J AU Bowling, DR Bethers-Marchetti, S Lunch, CK Grote, EE Belnap, J AF Bowling, D. R. Bethers-Marchetti, S. Lunch, C. K. Grote, E. E. Belnap, J. TI Carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a semiarid cold desert grassland during and following multiyear drought SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; DRYING-REWETTING FREQUENCY; WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; ALTERS NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BROMUS-TECTORUM INVASION; EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEMS AB The net exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy were examined in a perennial Colorado Plateau grassland for 5 years. The study began within a multiyear drought and continued as the drought ended. The grassland is located near the northern boundary of the influence of the North American monsoon, a major climatic feature bringing summer rain. Following rain, evapotranspiration peaked above 8 mm d(-1) but was usually much smaller (2-4 mm d(-1)). Net productivity of the grassland was low compared to other ecosystems, with peak hourly net CO(2) uptake in the spring of 4 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and springtime carbon gain in the range of 42 +/- 11 g C m(-2) (based on fluxes) to 72 +/- 55 g C m(-2) (based on carbon stocks; annual carbon gain was not quantified). Drought decreased gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and total ecosystem respiration, with a much larger GEP decrease. Monsoon rains led to respiratory pulses, lasting a few days at most, and only rarely resulted in net CO(2) gain, despite the fact that C(4) grasses dominated plant cover. Minor CO(2) uptake was observed in fall following rain. Spring CO(2) uptake was regulated by deep soil moisture, which depended on precipitation in the prior fall and winter. The lack of CO(2) uptake during the monsoon and the dependence of GEP on deep soil moisture are in contrast with arid grasslands of the warm deserts. Cold desert grasslands are most likely to be impacted by future changes in winter and not summer precipitation. C1 [Bowling, D. R.; Bethers-Marchetti, S.; Lunch, C. K.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Grote, E. E.; Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Bethers-Marchetti, S.] USDA Forest Serv, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Lunch, C. K.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South,1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bowling@biology.utah.edu FU University of Utah; United States Geological Survey FX We are grateful for many years of insightful collaboration with Jim Ehleringer and Susan Schwinning. Thanks to Georg Wohlfahrt, Bill Massman, and Ray Leuning for technical discussions about micrometeorology in deserts. Thanks to Dean Anderson and Alan Riggs for helpful comments on an early draft of this paper. This work was supported by the University of Utah and the United States Geological Survey. Thanks to the Western Regional Climate Center (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/) and to Frank Urban and the USGS CLIM-MET program (http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/info/sw/clim-met/) for generously sharing data, to Mark Miller for help with site selection, and to a large number of UU and USGS seasonal scientists for help in the field. Flux data from Corral Pocket may be freely obtained for use by anyone via the AmeriFlux data archive (http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/). NR 137 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04026 DI 10.1029/2010JG001322 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 683NK UT WOS:000284482300001 ER PT J AU Ise, T Litton, CM Giardina, CP Ito, A AF Ise, Takeshi Litton, Creighton M. Giardina, Christian P. Ito, Akihiko TI Comparison of modeling approaches for carbon partitioning: Impact on estimates of global net primary production and equilibrium biomass of woody vegetation from MODIS GPP SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; CONSTANT FRACTION; OPTIMAL-GROWTH; USE EFFICIENCY; GENERAL-MODEL; RESPIRATION; ALLOCATION; BALANCE AB Partitioning of gross primary production (GPP) to aboveground versus belowground, to growth versus respiration, and to short versus long-lived tissues exerts a strong influence on ecosystem structure and function, with potentially large implications for the global carbon budget. A recent meta-analysis of forest ecosystems suggests that carbon partitioning to leaves, stems, and roots varies consistently with GPP and that the ratio of net primary production (NPP) to GPP is conservative across environmental gradients. To examine influences of carbon partitioning schemes employed by global ecosystem models, we used this meta-analysis-based model and a satellite-based (MODIS) terrestrial GPP data set to estimate global woody NPP and equilibrium biomass, and then compared it to two process-based ecosystem models (Biome-BGC and VISIT) using the same GPP data set. We hypothesized that different carbon partitioning schemes would result in large differences in global estimates of woody NPP and equilibrium biomass. Woody NPP estimated by Biome-BGC and VISIT was 25% and 29% higher than the meta-analysis-based model for boreal forests, with smaller differences in temperate and tropics. Global equilibrium woody biomass, calculated from model-specific NPP estimates and a single set of tissue turnover rates, was 48 and 226 Pg C higher for Biome-BGC and VISIT compared to the meta-analysis-based model, reflecting differences in carbon partitioning to structural versus metabolically active tissues. In summary, we found that different carbon partitioning schemes resulted in large variations in estimates of global woody carbon flux and storage, indicating that stand-level controls on carbon partitioning are not yet accurately represented in ecosystem models. C1 [Ise, Takeshi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Ito, Akihiko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Litton, Creighton M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ise, T (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. EM ise@jamstec.go.jp RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Ise, Takeshi/C-4171-2012 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry; National Science Foundation [DEB-0816486] FX This study was funded by the Innovative Program of Climate Change Projection for the 21st Century (KAKUSHIN Program) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; the USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry; and the National Science Foundation (Ecosystem Science Cluster, DEB-0816486). The manuscript benefited greatly from comments provided by two editors and one anonymous reviewer. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04025 DI 10.1029/2010JG001326 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 683NJ UT WOS:000284482200002 ER PT J AU Nunney, L Yuan, XL Bromley, R Hartung, J Montero-Astua, M Moreira, L Ortiz, B Stouthamer, R AF Nunney, Leonard Yuan, Xiaoli Bromley, Robin Hartung, John Montero-Astua, Mauricio Moreira, Lisela Ortiz, Beatriz Stouthamer, Richard TI Population Genomic Analysis of a Bacterial Plant Pathogen: Novel Insight into the Origin of Pierce's Disease of Grapevine in the US SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA STRAINS; CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; LEAF SCORCH; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CLONAL DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCE; PATHOTYPES; BIOLOGY; ALMONDS AB Invasive diseases present an increasing problem worldwide; however, genomic techniques are now available to investigate the timing and geographical origin of such introductions. We employed genomic techniques to demonstrate that the bacterial pathogen causing Pierce's disease of grapevine (PD) is not native to the US as previously assumed, but descended from a single genotype introduced from Central America. PD has posed a serious threat to the US wine industry ever since its first outbreak in Anaheim, California in the 1880s and continues to inhibit grape cultivation in a large area of the country. It is caused by infection of xylem vessels by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a genetically distinct subspecies at least 15,000 years old. We present five independent kinds of evidence that strongly support our invasion hypothesis: 1) a genome-wide lack of genetic variability in X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa found in the US, consistent with a recent common ancestor; 2) evidence for historical allopatry of the North American subspecies X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa; 3) evidence that X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa evolved in a more tropical climate than X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex; 4) much greater genetic variability in the proposed source population in Central America, variation within which the US genotypes are phylogenetically nested; and 5) the circumstantial evidence of importation of known hosts (coffee plants) from Central America directly into southern California just prior to the first known outbreak of the disease. The lack of genetic variation in X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in the US suggests that preventing additional introductions is important since new genetic variation may undermine PD control measures, or may lead to infection of other crop plants through the creation of novel genotypes via inter-subspecific recombination. In general, geographically mixing of previously isolated subspecies should be avoided. C1 [Nunney, Leonard; Yuan, Xiaoli] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bromley, Robin; Stouthamer, Richard] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hartung, John] USDA ARS, Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Montero-Astua, Mauricio; Moreira, Lisela; Ortiz, Beatriz] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Biol Celular & Mol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Nunney, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM leonard.nunney@ucr.edu OI Bromley, Robin/0000-0003-2738-2603; Nunney, Leonard/0000-0002-4315-3694 FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative [2007-55605-17834] FX This study was supported by a United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative Plant Biosecurity grant 2007-55605-17834 to L.N. and R.S. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e15488 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015488 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 680TI UT WOS:000284257400027 PM 21103383 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Jang, SI Hong, YH Min, W Lillehoj, EP Yancey, RJ Dominowski, P AF Lee, Sung-Hyen Lillehoj, Hyun S. Jang, Seung I. Hong, Yeong-Ho Min, Wongi Lillehoj, Erik P. Yancey, Robert J. Dominowski, Paul TI Embryo vaccination of chickens using a novel adjuvant formulation stimulates protective immunity against Eimeria maxima infection SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Profilin; Coccidiosis; Immunity; Cytokine; Parasite ID BROILER-CHICKENS; ANTICOCCIDIAL VACCINES; ACERVULINA INFECTION; IFN-GAMMA; COCCIDIOSIS; TENELLA; IMMUNIZATION; DNA; CHALLENGE; CYTOKINE AB Our previous study demonstrated that chickens immunized subcutaneously with an Eimeria recombinant profilin protein vaccine emulsified in a Quil A/cholesterol/DDA/Carbopol (QCDC) adjuvant developed partial protection against experimental avian coccidiosis compared with animals immunized with profilin alone. Because in ovo vaccination is presently used in commercial applications worldwide throughout the poultry industry, the current study was undertaken to investigate chicken embryo vaccination with profilin plus QCDC adjuvant. Eighteen day-old embryos were immunized with isotonic saline (control), profilin alone, QCDC alone, or profilin plus QCDC, and orally challenged with live Eimeria maxima at 7 days post-hatch. Body weight gain, fecal oocyst output, and intestinal cytokine transcript levels were assessed as measures of protective immunity. While immunization with profilin alone or QCDC alone did not alter body weight gain of infected chickens compared with the saline control group, vaccination with profilin plus QCDC increased body weight gain such that it was equal to the uninfected controls. Immunization with profilin plus QCDC also reduced fecal oocyst shedding compared with unimmunized controls, although in this case QCDC failed to provide an adjuvant effect since no difference was observed between the profilin-only and profilin/QCDC groups. Finally, increased levels of transcripts encoding IL-1 1 beta, IL-15, and IFN-gamma were seen in the intestinal tissues of animals given profilin plus QCDC compared with the profilin-only or QCDC-only groups. In summary, this study demonstrates an adjuvant effect of QCDC on body weight gain and intestinal cytokine responses following in ovo vaccination of chickens with an Eimeria profilin vaccine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Sung-Hyen; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Jang, Seung I.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hong, Yeong-Ho] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Anseong 456756, South Korea. [Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Yancey, Robert J.; Dominowski, Paul] Pfizer Inc, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 FU ARS [1265-32000-086]; Pfizer Animal Health [1265-32000-086]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea [R33-10013] FX This project was partially supported by ARS CRIS project 1265-32000-086 and a formal agreement established between ARS and Pfizer Animal Health and the World Class University Program (R33-10013) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea. The authors thank Margie Nichols NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 49 BP 7774 EP 7778 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.051 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 697PD UT WOS:000285526300010 PM 20956029 ER PT J AU Yuan, M Gong, LM Meng, RH Li, SL Dang, P Guo, BZ He, GH AF Yuan, Mei Gong, Limin Meng, Ronghua Li, Shuangling Dang, Phat Guo, Baozhu He, Guohao TI Development of trinucleotide (GGC)n SSR markers in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cultivated peanut; microsatellites; polymorphism; simple sequence repeat ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; RICH DNA-SEQUENCES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PCR AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; LINKAGE MAP; BETAINE; GENOME; FABACEAE AB Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an oilseed crop of economic importance. It is native to South America, and it is grown extensively in the semi-arid tropics of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Given an extremely narrow genetic base, efforts are being made to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to provide useful genetic and genomic tools for the peanut research community. A SSR-enriched library to isolate trinucleotide (GGC)n SSRs in peanut was constructed. A total of 143 unique sequences containing (GGC)n repeats were identified. One hundred thirty eight primer pairs were successfully designed at the flanking regions of SSRs. A suitable polymerase was chosen to amplify these GC-rich sequences. Although a low level of polymorphism was observed in cultivated peanut by these new developed SSRs, a high level of transferability to wild species would be beneficial to increasing the number of SSRs in wild species. C1 [Gong, Limin; He, Guohao] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Agr Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Agr Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Yuan, Mei; Li, Shuangling] Shandong Peanut Res Inst, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Meng, Ronghua] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dang, Phat] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. [Guo, Baozhu] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP He, GH (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Coll Agr Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Agr Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hguohao@tuskegee.edu FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA100106]; USDA/CSREES/CBG [00-38814-9541] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2006AA100106) and partly supported by USDA/CSREES/CBG (No. 00-38814-9541). NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CATOLICA DE VALPARAISO PI VALPARAISO PA AV BRASIL 2950, PO BOX 4059, VALPARAISO, CHILE SN 0717-3458 J9 ELECTRON J BIOTECHN JI Electron. J. Biotechnol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 13 IS 6 AR 6 DI 10.2225/vol13-issue6-fulltext-6 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 732IB UT WOS:000288177100006 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Shen, YD Zheng, WX Beier, RC Xie, GM Dong, JX Yang, JY Wang, H Lei, HT She, ZG Sun, YM AF Xu, Zhen-Lin Shen, Yu-Dong Zheng, Wen-Xu Beier, Ross C. Xie, Gui-Mian Dong, Jie-Xian Yang, Jin-Yi Wang, Hong Lei, Hong-Tao She, Zhi-Gang Sun, Yuan-Ming TI Broad-Specificity Immunoassay for O,O-Diethyl Organophosphorus Pesticides: Application of Molecular Modeling to Improve Assay Sensitivity and Study Antibody Recognition SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT FOOD CONTAMINANTS; IMMUNOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION; GENERIC HAPTEN; ELISA; HETEROLOGY; DENSITY; DESIGN; AGENT AB A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against 4-(diethoxyphosphorothioyloxy)benzoic acid (hapten 1) was raised and used to develop a broad-specificity competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) for 14 O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Computer-assisted molecular modeling was used to model two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to study antibody recognition. On the basis of insights obtained from the QSAR models, two heterologous coating haptens, 4-(diethoxyphosphorothioylamino)butanoic acid (hapten 2) and 4-(diethoxyphosphorothioyloxy)-2-methylbenzoic acid (hapten 3) were designed, synthesized, and used to develop heterologous ciELISAs with significantly improved sensitivity. The heterologous ciELISA using hapten 2 as the coating hapten showed good sensitivity in a broad-specific manner for eight O,O-diethyl OPs and may be used as a screening method for the determination of these OPs. Our studies demonstrated that molecular modeling can provide insights into the spatial and electronic effects of molecular structures that are important for antibody activity, which can then be used to improve immunoassay sensitivity. C1 [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Shen, Yu-Dong; Zheng, Wen-Xu; Xie, Gui-Mian; Dong, Jie-Xian; Yang, Jin-Yi; Wang, Hong; Lei, Hong-Tao; Sun, Yuan-Ming] S China Agr Univ, Key Lab Food Qual & Safety Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [She, Zhi-Gang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Sun, YM (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Key Lab Food Qual & Safety Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM ymsun@scau.edu.cn RI Lei, Hongtao/F-8618-2011; Lei, Hongtao/A-2532-2014 FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA10Z447, 2007AA10Z437]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30901005]; Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [2009A020101004] FX This work was financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grants 2006AA10Z447 and 2007AA10Z437), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 30901005), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (Grant 2009A020101004) NR 44 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 22 BP 9314 EP 9321 DI 10.1021/ac1018414 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 678MQ UT WOS:000284080500028 PM 20958019 ER PT J AU Bajsa, J McCluskey, A Gordon, CP Stewart, SG Hill, TA Sahu, R Duke, SO Tekwani, BL AF Bajsa, Joanna McCluskey, Adam Gordon, Christopher P. Stewart, Scott G. Hill, Timothy A. Sahu, Rajnish Duke, Stephen O. Tekwani, Babu L. TI The antiplasmodial activity of norcantharidin analogs SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; Antimalarial drugs; Cantharidin; Protein phosphatase inhibitors ID PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A; ANTICANCER ACTIVITY; CANTHARIDIN ANALOGS; INHIBITION; CELL; MALARIA; PP2A; REGULATOR; APOPTOSIS; FAMILY AB The antiplasmodial activities of sixty norcantharidin analogs were tested in vitro against a chloroquine sensitive (D6, Sierra Leone) and chloroquine resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Forty analogs returned IC(50) values <500 mu M against at least one of the P. falciparum strains examined. The ring open compound 24 ((1S,4R)-3-(allylcarbamoyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid) is the most active aliphatic analog (D6 IC(50) = 3.0 +/- 0.0 and W2 IC(50) = 3.0 +/- 0.8 mu M) with a 20-fold enhancement relative to norcantharidin. Surprisingly, seven norcantharimides also displayed good antiplasmodial activity with the most potent, 5 returning D6 = 8.9 +/- 0.9 and W2 IC(50) = 12.5 +/- 2.2 mu M, representing a fivefold enhancement over norcantharidin. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bajsa, Joanna; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [McCluskey, Adam; Gordon, Christopher P.; Stewart, Scott G.; Hill, Timothy A.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Sahu, Rajnish; Tekwani, Babu L.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Bajsa, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM jbajsa@olemiss.edu; btekwani@olemiss.edu RI Stewart, Scott/A-3822-2009; McCluskey, Adam/F-1894-2011; Gordon, Christopher/D-1135-2012; Hill, Timothy/C-9670-2017; OI Gordon, Christopher/0000-0001-7583-5609; Hill, Timothy/0000-0001-9727-9930; McCluskey, Adam/0000-0001-7125-863X NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 22 BP 6688 EP 6695 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 665RJ UT WOS:000283052900071 PM 20888768 ER PT J AU Neng, J Harpster, MH Zhang, H Mecham, JO Wilson, WC Johnson, PA AF Neng, Jing Harpster, Mark H. Zhang, Hao Mecham, James O. Wilson, William C. Johnson, Patrick A. TI A versatile SERS-based immunoassay for immunoglobulin detection using antigen-coated gold nanoparticles and malachite green-conjugated protein A/G SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE SERS; Immunoassay; Protein A/C; Malachite green; QCM-D ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LABELED IMMUNOGOLD NANOPARTICLES; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE; ASSAY; DNA AB A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay for antibody detection in serum is described in the present work. The developed assay is conducted in solution and utilizes Au nanoparticles coated with the envelope (E) protein of West Nile Virus (WNV) as the SERS-active substrate and malachite green (MG)-conjugated protein A/G (MG-pA/G) as a bi-functional Raman tag/antibody binding reporter. Upon incubation of these reagents with serum collected from rabbits inoculated with E antigen, laser interrogation of the sandwiched immunocomplex revealed a SERS signaling response diagnostic for MG. The intensification of signature spectral peaks is shown to be proportionate to the concentration of added serum and the limit of antibody detection is 2 ng/ml of serum. To assess assay performance relative to more a traditional immunoassay, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays conducted using the same concentrations of reagents were found to be >400-fold less sensitive. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring of immunocomplex film deposition on solid Au surfaces also confirmed the formation of antigen-antibody-protein A/G trilayers and provided quantitative measurements of film thickness which likely position MG within the sensing distance of laser-elicited, enhanced electromagnetic fields. The sensitivity and inherent versatility of the assay, which is provided by the binding of pA/G to a broad spectrum of immunoglobulins in different mammalian species, suggest that it could be developed as an alternative immunoassay format to the ELISA. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harpster, Mark H.; Zhang, Hao; Johnson, Patrick A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Neng, Jing; Johnson, Patrick A.] Univ Wyoming, Mol & Cellular Life Sci Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Harpster, Mark H.; Mecham, James O.; Wilson, William C.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM pjohns27@uwyo.edu OI zaraat, javad/0000-0001-5341-7481 FU Rocky Mountain Regional Center for Excellence [U54 AI-065357-03]; USDA-ARS [5410-32000-015-00D] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Rocky Mountain Regional Center for Excellence (NIH grant U54 AI-065357-03) and USDA-ARS project 5410-32000-015-00D. We also thank Dr. Keith T. Carron for critical review of the manuscript. The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NIH or the USDA. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.015 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 675GB UT WOS:000283813600009 PM 20864330 ER PT J AU Gross, BL Strasburg, JL AF Gross, Briana L. Strasburg, Jared L. TI Cotton domestication: dramatic changes in a single cell SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; UPLAND COTTON; GOSSYPIUM; EVOLUTION; FIBERS AB Investigations on the nature of genetic changes underpinning plant domestication have begun to shed light on the evolutionary history of crops and can guide improvements to modern cultivars. A recent study focused on cotton fiber cells tracks the dramatic genome-wide changes in gene expression during development that have accompanied selection for increased fiber yield and quality. C1 [Gross, Briana L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resource Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Strasburg, Jared L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gross, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resource Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Briana.Gross@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 8 AR 137 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-8-137 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 681BE UT WOS:000284280400001 PM 21078209 ER PT J AU Holmes, TP Liebhold, AM Kovacs, KF Von Holle, B AF Holmes, Thomas P. Liebhold, Andrew M. Kovacs, Kent F. Von Holle, Betsy TI A spatial-dynamic value transfer model of economic losses from a biological invasion SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Hemlock woolly adelgid; Adelges tsugae; Population dynamics; Non market values; Economic damage; Quantile regression ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; QUANTILE REGRESSION; INVADING ORGANISMS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; SPREAD; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY; TRADE; PESTS AB Rigorous assessments of the economic impacts of introduced species at broad spatial scales are required to provide credible information to policy makers We propose that economic models of aggregate damages induced by biological invasions need to link microeconomic analyses of site-specific economic damages with spatial dynamic models of value change associated with invasion spread across the macro-scale landscape Recognizing that economic impacts of biological invasions occur where biological processes Intersect the economic landscape we define the area of economic damage (AED) as the sum of all areas on the physical landscape that sustain economic damage from a biological invasion By subsuming fine-scale spatial dynamics in the AED measure temporal dynamics of the AED can be estimated from an empirical distribution of the AED effective range radius over time This methodology is Illustrated using the case of a non-native forest pest the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA Adelges tsugae) Geographic Information Systems and spatially referenced data provide the basis for statistical estimation of a spatial-dynamic value transfer model which indicates that HWA is annually causing millions of dollars of economic losses for residential property owners in the eastern United States Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Holmes, Thomas P.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. [Kovacs, Kent F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Von Holle, Betsy] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Holmes, TP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 FU NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California Santa Barbara; State of California; Private Forestry USDA Forest Service FX This work was conducted as part of the Ecological and Economic Impacts of Non-native Forest Pests and Pathogens in North America Working Group supported by The Nature Conservancy and The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis a Center funded by NSF (Grant #DEB-0553768) the University of California Santa Barbara and the State of California The authors are grateful to Richard G Lathrop (Center for Remote Sensing and Statistical Analysis Rutgers University) and David A Orwig (Harvard Forest) for providing GIS data Frank Koch (North Carolina State University) and Laura Blackburn (Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service) for providing GIS technical assistance and to Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry USDA Forest Service for financial assistance Any remaining issues or errors are the responsibility of the authors NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 70 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.07.035 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 682XT UT WOS:000284437000011 ER PT J AU Ohno, T He, ZQ Sleighter, RL Honeycutt, CW Hatcher, PG AF Ohno, Tsutomu He, Zhongqi Sleighter, Rachel L. Honeycutt, C. Wayne Hatcher, Patrick G. TI Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Indicator Species Analysis to Identify Marker Components of Soil- and Plant Biomass-Derived Organic Matter Fractions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FULVIC-ACID; ELECTROSPRAY; DOM; DECOMPOSITION; PRESERVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; MARINE AB The chemical properties of organic matter affect important soil processes such as speciation, solubilization, and transport of plant nutrients and metals. This work uses ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to determine the molecular composition of three organic matter fractions of soils and aqueous extracts of crop biomass. Comparison of the van Krevelen plots allowed tracking the changes in organic matter with increasing humification. Aqueous plant biomass extracts contain a diverse mixture of lipids, proteins, and lignins. Soil aqueous extracts were marked by increases in lignin and carbohydrate components and decrease in the protein component as compared to the plant extract Refractory humic acid fractions were marked by decrease in the lignin component and increases in the lipid and condensed aromatic components. The multivariate indicator species analysis was used to identify marker components of the four organic matter types investigated. The plant extract group had 772 marker components compared to 237 for soil aqueous extract, 92 for mobile humic acid, and 418 for calcium humic acid. This study demonstrates that ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate methods can be used to identify marker components to gain a molecular-scale description and understanding of C dynamics. C1 [Ohno, Tsutomu] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [He, Zhongqi; Honeycutt, C. Wayne] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sleighter, Rachel L.; Hatcher, Patrick G.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Ohno, T (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ohno@maine.edu OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-35107-04480]; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station [3152] FX This project was supported by USDA-National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2008-35107-04480 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and has also been supported by Hatch funds provided by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. We thank Drs. Elizabeth Kujawinski and Krista Longnecker of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for providing and assisting with the MATLAB routine to align the spectra. We also thank Prof. Bruce McCune of Oregon State University for the prompt tweaking of PC-ORD code to handle the large data matrices resulting from ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry data. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Journal no. 3152. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 8 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 22 BP 8594 EP 8600 DI 10.1021/es101089t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680QA UT WOS:000284248300039 PM 20958002 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL Harrod, RJ Dickinson, J Lyons, AL Halupka, K AF Gaines, William L. Harrod, Richy J. Dickinson, James Lyons, Andrea L. Halupka, Karl TI Integration of Northern spotted owl habitat and fuels treatments in the eastern Cascades, Washington, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Northern spotted owl; Fuels treatment; Analytical hierarchy process; Logistic regression; Range of variation; Eastern Cascades; Washington ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DECISION-SUPPORT; DRY FORESTS; BARRED OWL; FIRE; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA AB The restoration of natural fire regimes has emerged as a primary management objective within fire-prone forests in the interior western US. However, this objective becomes contentious when perceived to be in conflict with the conservation of rare wildlife species. For example, the integration of fire ecology in disturbance-prone forests of eastern Washington with the recovery of the Northern spotted owl has been described as a management dilemma. We intersected modeled spotted owl habitat with mapped priority fuels treatment areas in order to determine the magnitude of the potential conflict between fuels management and owl conservation. Our results show that there is considerable overlap within dry forests between high suitability spotted owl habitat and moderate-high priority fuels treatment areas (34% overlap). However, there is also considerable overlap of lower suitability spotted owl habitat with moderate-high priority fuels treatment areas (35% overlap) providing opportunities to accomplish multiple management objectives if one considers a landscape perspective. We propose that a conservation strategy for the Northern spotted owl in the eastern Cascades consider the following: emphasize landscape restoration of dry forests within which spotted owl habitat is embedded; landscapes considered for restoration need to be large enough to accomodate the effects of fire disturbances and still retain sufficient habitat to support spotted owl populations; and include adaptive management allowing for adequate monitoring and feedback for managers to make needed adjustments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gaines, William L.; Dickinson, James] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Halupka, Karl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDI, Wenatchee Field Off, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM wgaines@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 11 BP 2045 EP 2052 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.011 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 682ID UT WOS:000284393700013 ER PT J AU Hyeon, JY Park, C Choi, IS Holt, PS Seo, KH AF Hyeon, Ji-Yeon Park, Chankyu Choi, In-Soo Holt, Peter S. Seo, Kun-Ho TI Development of multiplex real-time PCR with Internal amplification control for simultaneous detection of Salmonella and Cronobacter in powdered infant formula SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii); Internal amplification control; Multiplex real-time PCR; Powdered infant formula ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTEROBACTER-SAKAZAKII; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SYBR GREEN; SPP.; FOOD; ENRICHMENT; CULTURE; ASSAY AB Contamination of powdered infant formula (PIF) by the bacteria Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella enterica was deemed a matter of great concern by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2004. Therefore, we developed a rapid and sensitive multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Cronobacter and Salmonella in PIF. In addition, an internal amplification control (IAC) was also included for exclusion of false negative results in this study. The quantitative detection range for pure cultures in this optimized multiplex real-time PCR assay was 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/ml for both Salmonella and Cronobacter. When our established multiplex real-time PCR system was applied to artificially contaminated PIF, the detection limit was 10(3) CFU/ml for Salmonella and Cronobacter without enrichment. The commercial PIF was then inoculated with Salmonella and Cronobacter at 10, 1 and 0.1 CFU per gram of formula and the single enrichment broth samples were analyzed by multiplex real-time PCR after enrichment for 9, 12, and 24 h. At 12 h post-enrichment, we could detect Salmonella and Cronobacter at initial inoculation levels of approximately 0.1 CFU/g in PIF. Additionally, stable fluorescent IAC signals could be assessed between 29 and 34 cycles of PCR amplification. Results from this study showed that the multiplex real-time PCR assay is an effective method for the rapid and simultaneous detection and quantification of Cronobacter and Salmonella in PIF. (C) Crown Copyright 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hyeon, Ji-Yeon; Seo, Kun-Ho] Konkuk Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Park, Chankyu] Konkuk Univ, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Coll Anim Biosci & Technol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Choi, In-Soo] Konkuk Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Holt, Peter S.] ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Coll Vet Med, 1 Hwayang Dong, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM bracstu3@konkuk.ac.kr FU Korean Government [KRF-2008-331-F00053]; Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development FX This work was supported by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-331-F00053). We thank Burkhard Malorny for providing the international amplification control (IAC) sequence, which was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Yun-Gyeong Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Chang-Hyun Seong and Jung-Whan Chon. The author was also partially supported by the Brain Korean 21 (BK21) Project from the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 144 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.022 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 687XS UT WOS:000284812400023 PM 20961642 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Duffiney, A Braem, S Olsen, C Constantin, B Small, P Dunlap, J Griffin, JC AF Engeman, Richard M. Duffiney, Anthony Braem, Sally Olsen, Christina Constantin, Bernice Small, Parks Dunlap, John Griffin, J. C. TI Dramatic and immediate improvements in insular nesting success for threatened sea turtles and shorebirds following predator management SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioeconomics; Endangered species; Feral swine; Least tern; Loggerhead turtle; Raccoon ID FISHERIES BYCATCH; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; ROAD-KILLS; FLORIDA; CONSERVATION; RACCOONS; DENSITY; IMPACT; PARK; COLONIES AB Predation critically threatens reproductive success of sea turtles and shorebirds at many of Florida's beaches. We examined the biological and bioeconomic results of predator management on two adjacent barrier islands, Cayo Costa and North Captiva, along Florida's west coast. Both islands suffered severe nesting losses due to predation and disturbance due to raccoons, while Cayo Costa also was impacted by a large population of feral swine. In 2006, our initial year of study, neither island received predator management and no least tern production occurred on either island, and sea turtle nest predation was 74% and 60%, respectively, for Cayo Costa and North Captiva. Predators were managed in 2007 on Cayo Costa while North Captiva served as an untreated reference island. North Captiva again had no least tern production and sea turtle nest predation was 84%. In contrast, Cayo Costa produced 31 least terns and sea turtle nest predation plummeted to 16%. Both islands received predator management in 2008 when Cayo Costa and North Captiva respectively produced 20 and 55 least terns and had 15% and 0% sea turtle nest predation. The entire costs for predator management by experts over the course of the study was $USD 39,636, while the returns in additional production of least tern young and hatchling sea turtles was valued over $USD 1.1 million for a resulting benefit-cost ratio of 27.8. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Engeman, Richard M.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Duffiney, Anthony; Constantin, Bernice; Dunlap, John; Griffin, J. C.] USDA APHIS WS, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Braem, Sally; Olsen, Christina] Dist 4 Adm, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Div Recreat & Parks, Osprey, FL 34229 USA. [Small, Parks] Bur Nat & Cultural Resources, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Div Recreat & Parks, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.026 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 683YF UT WOS:000284513500019 ER PT J AU Joseph, AT van der Velde, R O'Neill, PE Lang, R Gish, T AF Joseph, A. T. van der Velde, R. O'Neill, P. E. Lang, R. Gish, T. TI Effects of corn on C- and L-band radar backscatter: A correction method for soil moisture retrieval SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Active microwave; Vegetation effects; Soil moisture; Corn; Field campaign ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; MICROWAVE EMISSION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SAR OBSERVATIONS; GROWTH-CYCLE; X-BANDS; MODEL AB This paper discusses the effects of vegetation on C- (4.75 GHz) and L- (1.6 GHz) band backscattering (sigma degrees) measured throughout a growth cycle at incidence angles of 15, 35 and 55 degrees. The utilized sigma degrees data set was collected by a truck mounted scatterometer over a corn field and is supported by a comprehensive set of ground measurements, including soil moisture and vegetation biomass. Comparison of sigma degrees measurement against simulations by the Integral Equation Method (IEM) surface scattering model (Fung et al., 1992) shows that the sigma degrees measurements are dominated either by an attenuated soil return or by scattering from vegetation depending on the antenna configuration and growth stage. Further, the measured sigma degrees is found to be sensitive to soil moisture even at peak biomass and large incidence angles, which is attributed to scattering along the soil-vegetation pathway. For the simulation of C-band sigma degrees and the retrieval of soil moisture two methods have been applied, which are the semi-empirical water cloud model (Attema & Ulaby, 1978) and a novel method. This alternative method uses the empirical relationships between the vegetation water content (W) and the ratio of the bare soil and the measured sigma degrees to correct for vegetation. It is found that this alternative method is superior in reproducing the measured sigma degrees as well as retrieving soil moisture. The highest retrieval accuracies are obtained at a 35 degrees incidence angle leading to RMSD's of 0.044 and 0.037 m(3) m(-3) for the HH and VV-polarization, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity of these soil moisture retrievals to W and surface roughness parameter uncertainties is investigated. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Joseph, A. T.; O'Neill, P. E.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch 614 3, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [van der Velde, R.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinjormat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. [Lang, R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gish, T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Joseph, AT (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch 614 3, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alicia.T.Joseph@nasa.gov; velde@itc.nl; Peggy.E.ONeill@nasa.gov; lang@gwu.edu; Timothy.Gish@ars.usda.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013 OI van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110 NR 63 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2417 EP 2430 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.017 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 655IE UT WOS:000282242000003 ER PT J AU Helmer, EH Ruzycki, TS Wunderle, JM Vogesser, S Ruefenacht, B Kwit, C Brandeis, TJ Ewert, DN AF Helmer, E. H. Ruzycki, Thomas S. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Vogesser, Shannon Ruefenacht, Bonnie Kwit, Charles Brandeis, Thomas J. Ewert, David N. TI Mapping tropical dry forest height, foliage height profiles and disturbance type and age with a time series of cloud-cleared Landsat and ALI image mosaics to characterize avian habitat SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cloud-free image mosaics; Composite imagery; Merged imagery; Image fusion; Visualization; Change detection; Forest disturbance; Land-cover change; Normalized difference moisture index NDSI; Normalized difference vegetation index NDVI; Normalized difference structure index NDSI; Normalized Difference Infrared Index NDII; Avian habitat; Kirtland's Warbler ID DECISION TREE CLASSIFICATION; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; RADIOMETRIC NORMALIZATION; LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SUCCESSIONAL STAGE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; TASSELED CAP; CANOPY; COVER AB Remote sensing of forest vertical structure is possible with lidar data, but lidar is not widely available. Here we map tropical dry forest height (RMSE =0.9 m, R(2) = 0.84, range 0.6-7 m), and we map foliage height profiles, with a time series of Landsat and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) imagery on the island of Eleuthera, The Bahamas, substituting time for vertical canopy space. We also simultaneously map forest disturbance type and age. We map these variables in the context of avian habitat studies, particularly for wintering habitat of an endangered Nearctic-Neotropical migrant bird, the Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii). We also illustrate relationships between forest vertical structure, disturbance type and counts of forage species important to the Kirtland's Warbler. The ALI imagery and the Landsat time series are both critical to the result for forest height, which the strong relationship of forest height with disturbance type and age facilitates. Also unique to this study is that seven of the eight image time steps are cloud-cleared images: mosaics of the clear parts of several cloudy scenes. We created each cloud-cleared image, including a virtually seamless ALI image mosaic, with regression tree normalization. We also illustrate how viewing time series imagery as red-green-blue composites of tasseled cap wetness (RGB wetness composites) aids reference data collection for classifying tropical forest disturbance type and age. Our results strongly support current Landsat Program production of co-registered imagery, and they emphasize the value of seamless time series of cloud-cleared imagery. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Helmer, E. H.; Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Ruzycki, Thomas S.; Vogesser, Shannon] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Management Mil Lands, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ruefenacht, Bonnie] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Kwit, Charles] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Brandeis, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Ewert, David N.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ehelmer@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service FX This research is a contribution to the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) and Landsat Science Team Research. We conducted it in cooperation with the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS), the University of Puerto Rico, The College of The Bahamas, The Bahamas National Trust, and the Kirtland's Warbler Recovery Team. From RMRS we thank David Turner, Laurie Porth, Rudy King, L Scott Baggett, Ray Czaplewski and Kathleen Dwire for input on sample design and analyses. Thanks also to Michael Lefsky for input on measurement and analysis of foliage height profiles, to Javier Mercado for assistance with data entry and summarization, and to Ty Wilson and Rachel Riemann for input on mapping models. From CEMML of CSU, thanks to Calvin Bagley and Gary Senseman, and to Marie Held for assistance with figures. Rudy Bahia, Samara Lawrentz, Montara Roberts, and Jennifer White assisted with field measurements. Justin D. Gray also assisted with fieldwork and provided volunteer IT support. International Programs of the USDA Forest Service provided partial funding through the Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation. The USGS and the Landsat Science Team provided the Landsat and ALI data. Four anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Colors for the land-cover map were inspired by or came from Colorbrewer2 (http://colorbrewer2.org). NR 59 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2457 EP 2473 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.021 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 655IE UT WOS:000282242000007 ER PT J AU Nearing, GS Moran, MS Thorp, KR Collins, CDH Slack, DC AF Nearing, Grey S. Moran, M. Susan Thorp, Kelly R. Collins, Chandra D. Holifield Slack, Donald C. TI Likelihood parameter estimation for calibrating a soil moisture model using radar bakscatter SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Synthetic aperture radar; Parameter estimation; Soil moisture remote sensing ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; BACKSCATTER MODELS; PROFILE LENGTH; BARE SURFACES; WET SOIL AB Land surface model parameter estimation can be performed using soil moisture information provided by synthetic aperture radar imagery. The presence of speckle necessitates aggregating backscatter measurements over large (>100 m x 100 m) land areas in order to derive reliable soil moisture information from imagery, and a model calibrated to such aggregated information can only provide estimates of soil moisture at spatial resolutions required for reliable speckle accounting. A method utilizing the likelihood formulation of a probabilistic speckle model as the calibration objective function is proposed which will allow for calibrating land surface models directly to radar backscatter intensity measurements in a way which simultaneously accounts for model parameter- and speckle-induced uncertainty. The method is demonstrated using the NOAH land surface model and Advanced Integral Equation Method (AIEM) backscatter model calibrated to SAR imagery of an area in the Southwestern United States, and validated against in situ soil moisture measurements. At spatial resolutions finer than 100 m x 100 m NOAH and AIEM calibrated using the proposed radar intensity likelihood parameter estimation algorithm predict surface level soil moisture to within 4% volumetric water content 95% of the time, which is an improvement over a 95% prediction confidence of 10% volumetric water content by the same models calibrated directly to soil moisture information derived from synthetic aperture radar imagery at the same scales. Results suggest that much of this improvement is due to increased ability to simultaneously estimate NOAH parameters and AIEM surface roughness parameters. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nearing, Grey S.; Slack, Donald C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Moran, M. Susan; Collins, Chandra D. Holifield] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Thorp, Kelly R.] ARS, USDA, Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Nearing, GS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM grey@email.arizona.edu RI Nearing, Grey/K-4510-2012; chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2564 EP 2574 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.031 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 655IE UT WOS:000282242000015 ER PT J AU Ray, RL Jacobs, JM Cosh, MH AF Ray, Ram L. Jacobs, Jennifer M. Cosh, Michael H. TI Landslide susceptibility mapping using downscaled AMSR-E soil moisture: A case study from Cleveland Corral, California, US SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AMSR-E; Remote sensing; VIC-3L; Landslide; Soil moisture; Slope stability ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; RIVER-BASIN; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; TESSINA LANDSLIDE; SATELLITE IMAGES; HAZARD ZONATION; UNITED-STATES; VIC-2L MODEL; SCALE AB As soil moisture increases, slope stability decreases. Remotely sensed soil moisture data can provide routine updates of slope conditions necessary for landslide predictions. For regional scale landslide investigations, only remote-sensing methods have the spatial and temporal resolution required to map hazard increases. Here, a dynamic physically-based slope stability model that requires soil moisture is applied using remote-sensing products from multiple Earth observing platforms. The resulting landslide susceptibility maps using the advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR-E) surface soil moisture are compared to those created using variable infiltration capacity (VIC-3L) modeled soil moisture at Cleveland Corral landslide area in California, US. Despite snow cover influences on AMSR-E surface soil moisture estimates, a good relationship between the downscaled AMSR-E's surface soil moisture and the VIC-3L modeled soil moisture is evident. The AMSR-E soil moisture mean (0.17 cm(3)/cm(3)) and standard deviation (0.02 cm(3)/cm(3)) are very close to the mean (0.21 cm(3)/cm(3)) and standard deviation (0.09 cm(3)/cm(3)) estimated by VIC-3L model. Qualitative results show that the location and extent of landslide prone regions are quite similar. Under the maximum saturation scenario, 0.42% and 0.49% of the study area were highly susceptible using AMSR-E and VIC-3L model soil moisture, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ray, Ram L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Civil & Construct Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Jacobs, Jennifer M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ray, RL (reprint author), 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM ramlakhan37@gmail.com RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA [NNG05GP66H] FX We acknowledge NASA's research funding through Earth System Science Fellowship, Grant No: NNG05GP66H, for this research. We would also like to thank Dr. M.E. Reid for providing information about Cleveland Corral Landslide area and in-situ groundwater measurements. We are indebted to three reviewers whose extensive comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 93 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2624 EP 2636 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.033 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 655IE UT WOS:000282242000020 ER PT J AU Kinsella, B Whelan, M Cantwell, H McCormack, M Furey, A Lehotay, SJ Danaher, M AF Kinsella, Brian Whelan, Michelle Cantwell, Helen McCormack, Martin Furey, Ambrose Lehotay, Steven J. Danaher, Martin TI A dual validation approach to detect anthelmintic residues in bovine liver over an extended concentration range SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Anthelmintics; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; QuEChERS; Isotopically labelled internal standards; Ion suppression; Matrix effects ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; MILK; MATRICES; AVERMECTINS; FLUKICIDE; MEMBRANE AB This paper describes a method for the detection and quantification of 38 residues of the most widely used anthelmintics (including 26 veterinary drugs belonging to the benzimidazole macrocyclic lactone and (biocide classes) in bovine liver using two different protocols for MRL and non-MRL levels A dual validation approach was adopted to reliably quantify anthelmintic residues over an extended concentration range (1-3000 mu g kg(-1)) Sample extraction and purification was carried out using a modified QuEChERS method A concentration step was included when analysing in the low mu g kg(-1) range Rapid analysis was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) which was capable of detecting residues to <2 mu g kg(-1) The method has been single-laboratory validated according to the 2002/657/EC guidelines and met acceptability criteria in all but a few cases The inclusion of 19 internal standards including 14 isotopically labelled internal standards Improved accuracy precision decision limit (CC alpha) and detection capability (CC beta) (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Kinsella, Brian; Whelan, Michelle; Cantwell, Helen; McCormack, Martin; Danaher, Martin] Teagasc Ashtown Food Res Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. [Kinsella, Brian; Whelan, Michelle; Furey, Ambrose] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Team Elucidate, Cork, Ireland. [Lehotay, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Danaher, M (reprint author), Teagasc Ashtown Food Res Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. RI Danaher, Martin/M-3605-2013 OI Furey, Ambrose/0000-0003-4119-4318; Danaher, Martin/0000-0003-4060-0441 FU Irish Department of Agriculture and Food [06RDTAAFRC479]; EU [FOOD-CT-405 2006-36241] FX This research was funded by the Irish Department of Agriculture and Food under the Food Institutional Research Measure as part of the National Development Plan (Projects 06RDTAAFRC479) and by EU Sixth Framework programme on Food Quality and Safety ProSafeBeef (Project FOOD-CT-405 2006-36241) Additionally we acknowledge Merial Animal Health Janssen Animal Health Fort Dodge Animal Health and Pfizer Animal Health for donating standards NR 37 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 83 IS 1 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.08.025 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 690AQ UT WOS:000284972800003 PM 21035637 ER PT J AU Lavine, BK Mirjankar, N Meer, RKV AF Lavine, Barry K. Mirjankar, Nikhil Meer, Robert K. Vander TI Analysis of chemical signals in red fire ants by gas chromatography and pattern recognition techniques SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Chemometrics; Pattern recognition; Chemical communication; Classification; Social Insects ID NESTMATE RECOGNITION; CAMPONOTUS-FLORIDANUS; DATA SETS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PROFILE; QUEEN AB Gas chromatographic (GC) profiles of cuticular hydrocarbon extracts obtained from individual and pooled ant samples were analyzed using pattern recognition techniques Clustering according to the biological variables of social caste and colony were observed Pooling individual extracts enhanced the recognition of patterns in the GC profile data characteristic of colony Evidently the contribution of the ant s individual pattern to the overall hydrocarbon profile pattern can obscure information about colony in the GC traces of cuticular hydrocarbon extracts obtained from red fire ants Re-analysis of temporal caste and time period data on the cuticular hydrocarbon patterns demonstrates that sampling time and social caste must be taken into account to avoid unnecessary variability and possible confounding This and the fact that foragers could not be separated from reserves and brood-tenders in all five laboratory colonies studied suggests that cuticular hydrocarbons as a class of sociochemicals cannot model every facet of nestmate recognition in Solenopsis invicta which in turn suggests a potential role for other compounds in the discrimination of alien conspecifics from nestmates (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Lavine, Barry K.; Mirjankar, Nikhil] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Meer, Robert K. Vander] Agr Res Serv, Ctr Agr Med & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lavine, BK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. FU OSU Research Foundation; OSU Chemistry Department FX The authors acknowledge Douglas Henry and William T Rayens for helpful discussions This work was partially supported by the OSU Research Foundation through start up funds provided to BKL for purchase of a computer cluster NM acknowledges the financial support of the OSU Chemistry Department via a teaching assistantship NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 83 IS 1 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.09.010 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 690AQ UT WOS:000284972800033 PM 21035667 ER PT J AU Goff, WL Bastos, RG Brown, WC Johnson, WC Schneider, DA AF Goff, W. L. Bastos, R. G. Brown, W. C. Johnson, W. C. Schneider, D. A. TI The bovine spleen: Interactions among splenic cell populations in the innate immunologic control of hemoparasitic infections SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Innate immunity; Spleen; DC; NK cells; gamma delta T cells; Babesia ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; DELTA-T-CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; HUMAN NK CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA-PRODUCTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS; MATURING DENDRITIC CELLS; GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA AB Over the past several years, innate immunity has been recognized as having an important role as a front-line defense mechanism and as an integral part of the adaptive immune respose. Innate immunity in cattle exposed to hemoparasites is spleen-dependent and age-related. In this review, we discuss general aspects of innate immunity and the cells involved in this aspect of the response to infection. We also provide examples of specific splenic regulatory and effector mechanisms involved in the respose to Babesia bovis, an important tick-borne hemoparasitic disease of cattle. Evidence for the regulatory and effector role of bovine splenic monocytes and DC both in directing a type-1 response through interaction with splenic NK cells and gamma delta T-cells will be presented. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goff, W. L.; Johnson, W. C.; Schneider, D. A.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS,ADBF 3003, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bastos, R. G.; Brown, W. C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brown, W. C.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schneider, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS,ADBF 3003, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM das@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU CRIS within USDA-ARS FX The senior author (WLG) expresses his gratitude for the many colleagues over the years that contributed to the acquisition of information relevant to innate immunity in cattle. Special thanks to John Gorham and Donald Knowles for leadership during the period of investigation. Appreciation is also extended to several excellent technicians, but especially Paul Lacy, Ralph Horn, Duane Chandler and Emma Karel. Financial support for the work was provided by a number of CRIS projects within USDA-ARS. NR 148 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.006 PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 676KK UT WOS:000283909600001 PM 20692048 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Identification and expression profile of multiple genes in channel catfish fry 10 min after modified live Flavobacterium columnare vaccination SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; Channel catfish; Subtractive hybridization; Expression; Modified live vaccination ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CELL-WALL; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; BETA-GALACTOFURANOSE; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; OVEREXPRESSION; GELATINASE; SURVIVAL; LECTIN AB Using PCR-select subtractive cDNA hybridization technique, 32 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were isolated from 96 clones of a channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fry subtractive library 10 min post-vaccination with a modified live Flavobacterium columnare vaccine. The transcription levels of the 32 ESTs in response to F. columnare vaccination were then evaluated by quantitative PCR (QPCR). Of the 32 ESTs, 28 were upregulated in at least one vaccinated fish. Of the 28 upregulated ESTs, 12 were consistently induced at least 2-fold higher in vaccinated fish compared to unvaccinated control fish. Of the 12 upregulated genes, three (triglyceride lipase, PIKK family atypical protein kinase, and CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 1) were consistently upregulated greater than 3-fold. The 12 consistently upregulated genes also included CD59, polymerase (RNA) I polypeptide C. pyrophosphatase (inorganic) 1, mannose-P-dolichol utilization defect 1, nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha, hemoglobin-beta, fetuin-B, glyoxalase domain containing 4, and putative histone H3. The 28 upregulated ESTs represent genes with putative functions in the following five major categories: (1) immune response (46%); (2) signal transduction (21%); (3) transcriptional regulation (11%); (4) cell maintenance (11%); and (5) unknown (11%). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs. De-Hai Xu (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Beth Peterman, Stacey A. LaFrentz, and Paige Mumma (USDA-ARS) for their excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.06.011 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 676KK UT WOS:000283909600003 PM 20630605 ER PT J AU Hong, YH Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Park, MS Min, W LaBresh, J Tompkins, D Baldwin, C AF Hong, Yeong Ho Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Park, Myeong-Sun Min, Wongi LaBresh, Joanna Tompkins, Dannielle Baldwin, Cynthia TI Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for chicken interleukin 18 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Interleukin 18; Monoclonal antibody; IL-18; Chicken ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; EIMERIA; CLONING; CYTOKINE; RELEASE; ENZYME AB Four mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which are specific for chicken interleukin 18 (chIL18) were produced and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and neutralization assays. Using Western blot analysis, monoclonal antibodies specific for chIL18 identified a 23 kDa Pichia pastoris-expressed chIL18 and 66 kDa E. coli-derived MBP fusion protein of chIL18. Bioassays for chIL18 using primary chicken spleen cells showed dose-dependent IFN-gamma mRNA expression and induction of IFN-gamma from primary splenocytes, and triggered nitric oxide (NO) production in the HD11 macrophage cell line. These mAbs showed neutralizing chIL18 activity. Taken together, these mouse mAbs which detect chicken IL-18 will be significant new immune reagents and useful tools for basic and applied research in poultry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hong, Yeong Ho] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Anseong 456759, South Korea. [Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [LaBresh, Joanna] Kingfisher Biotech Inc, St Paul, MN 55114 USA. [Tompkins, Dannielle; Baldwin, Cynthia] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Paige Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@usda.ars.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA [2006-35204-16880]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R33-10013] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA competitive grants program grant # 2006-35204-16880 for the "US Veterinary Immune Reagent Network" (www.vetimm.org) and partially by the WCU program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R33-10013). NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.06.019 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 676KK UT WOS:000283909600019 PM 20674988 ER PT J AU Goode, JR Wohl, E AF Goode, Jaime R. Wohl, Ellen TI Coarse sediment transport in a bedrock channel with complex bed topography SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIVER INCISION; MOUNTAIN STREAM; GRAIN-SIZE; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPLACEMENT; ENTRAINMENT; MORPHOLOGY; TURBULENCE; MECHANICS AB Independent lithologic and structural controls in fluvial bedrock systems interact with coarse sediment transport processes to play a key role in bedrock incision processes such as abrasion. During a 3 year study on the Ocoee River in the Blue Ridge Province of the southern Appalachians, USA, we used painted tracer clasts to measure coarse sediment transport dynamics and address whether different scales of morphologic variability in bedrock channels lead to coarse sediment transport processes that differ from alluvial channels. At the reach scale, folded metasedimentary units are exposed in the channel bed and appear as linear bedrock ribs that vary in amplitude and orientation to flow. Under similar flow conditions for which size-dependent transport has been observed in alluvial channels (dimensionless Shields stress within 1.5-2.0 times the dimensionless critical shear stress), transport distance was a significant function of grain size where bedrock ribs were longitudinal to flow (Reach 1 and Reach 2). However, transport distance was not size dependent where bedrock ribs were oblique to flow (Reach 3). At different intrareach scales, the variables characterizing the local bedrock topography and sediment architecture were the best predictors of transport distance in all three reaches. Therefore, bed load transport processes may be influenced by bed forms in bedrock streams (bedrock ribs) but at potentially smaller scales than bed forms in alluvial channels. The strong influence of bedrock ribs on coarse sediment transport suggested that coarse sediment transport processes are controlled by different factors in bedrock channels only when bedrock ribs cross the channel at a high angle to the flow. C1 [Wohl, Ellen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Goode, Jaime R.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID USA. RP Goode, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Ste 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jaimeg@uidaho.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0507098] FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0507098. We thank William Stubblefield, William Lyons, and Roy Syrmanske for their valuable field assistance. Dmitri Hawk and the Tennessee Valley Authority supplied discharge records for the Ocoee No. 3 dam. The manuscript benefited greatly from insightful and thorough reviews by Phairot Chatanantavet and two anonymous reviewers. Kristen Jaeger and Kyle Nichols provided helpful reviews of an earlier draft. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 13 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W11532 DI 10.1029/2009WR008135 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 680JS UT WOS:000284228800001 ER PT J AU Day, JM Ballard, LL Duke, MV Scheffler, BE Zsak, L AF Day, J. Michael Ballard, Linda L. Duke, Mary V. Scheffler, Brian E. Zsak, Laszlo TI Metagenomic analysis of the turkey gut RNA virus community SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ENTERIC VIRUSES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRAL METAGENOMICS; ORIGIN REOVIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; PATHOGEN-FREE; HUMAN FECES; POULTS; GENOME AB Viral enteric disease is an ongoing economic burden to poultry producers worldwide, and despite considerable research, no single virus has emerged as a likely causative agent and target for prevention and control efforts. Historically, electron microscopy has been used to identify suspect viruses, with many small, round viruses eluding classification based solely on morphology. National and regional surveys using molecular diagnostics have revealed that suspect viruses continuously circulate in United States poultry, with many viruses appearing concomitantly and in healthy birds. High-throughput nucleic acid pyrosequencing is a powerful diagnostic technology capable of determining the full genomic repertoire present in a complex environmental sample. We utilized the Roche/454 Life Sciences GS-FLX platform to compile an RNA virus metagenome from turkey flocks experiencing enteric disease. This approach yielded numerous sequences homologous to viruses in the BLAST nr protein database, many of which have not been described in turkeys. Our analysis of this turkey gut RNA metagenome focuses in particular on the turkey-origin members of the Picornavirales, the Caliciviridae, and the turkey Picobirnaviruses. C1 [Day, J. Michael; Zsak, Laszlo] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ballard, Linda L.; Duke, Mary V.; Scheffler, Brian E.] ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Day, JM (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM michael.day@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6612-32000-054-00]; United States Poultry and Egg Association FX The authors thank Laura Ferguson and the USDA ARS/SAA sequencing facility for excellent technical support, and industry stakeholders for their continued interest and support. This research was supported by USDA/ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-054-00 and by a grant from the United States Poultry and Egg Association. NR 44 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD NOV 12 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 313 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-7-313 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 684TJ UT WOS:000284571900001 PM 21073719 ER PT J AU Drewry, DT Kumar, P Long, S Bernacchi, C Liang, XZ Sivapalan, M AF Drewry, D. T. Kumar, P. Long, S. Bernacchi, C. Liang, X. -Z. Sivapalan, M. TI Ecohydrological responses of dense canopies to environmental variability: 2. Role of acclimation under elevated CO2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; OPEN-AIR ELEVATION; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BUNDLE SHEATH-CELLS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOIL RESPIRATION; INORGANIC CARBON AB The ability to accurately predict land-atmosphere exchange of mass, energy, and momentum over the coming century requires the consideration of plant biochemical, ecophysiological, and structural acclimation to modifications of the ambient environment. Amongst the most important environmental changes experienced by terrestrial vegetation over the last century has been the increase in ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, with a projected doubling in CO2 from preindustrial levels by the middle of this century. This change in atmospheric composition has been demonstrated to significantly alter a variety of leaf and plant properties across a range of species, with the potential to modify land-atmosphere interactions and their associated feedbacks. Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) technology has provided significant insight into the functioning of vegetation in natural conditions under elevated CO2, but remains limited in its ability to quantify the exchange of CO2, water vapor, and energy at the canopy scale. This paper addresses the roles of ecophysiological, biochemical, and structural plant acclimation on canopy-scale exchange of CO2, water vapor, and energy through the application of a multilayer canopy-root-soil model (MLCan) capable of resolving changes induced by elevated CO2 through the canopy and soil systems. Previous validation of MLCan flux estimates were made for soybean and maize in the companion paper using a record of six growing seasons of eddy covariance data from the Bondville Ameriflux site. Observations of leaf-level photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and surface temperature collected at the SoyFACE experimental facility in central Illinois provide a basis for examining the ability of MLCan to capture vegetation responses to an enriched CO2 environment. Simulations of control (370 [ppm]) and elevated (550 [ppm]) CO2 environments allow for an examination of the vertical variation and canopy-scale responses of vegetation states and fluxes to elevated CO2. The unique metabolic pathways of the C3 soybean and C4 maize produce contrasting modes of response to elevated CO2 for each crop. To examine the relative roles of direct reduction in stomatal aperature, observed structural augmentation of leaf area, and biochemical down-regulation of Rubisco carboxylation capacity in soybean, a set of simulations were conducted in which one or more of these acclimations are synthetically removed. A 10% increase in canopy leaf area is shown to offset the ecophysiologically driven reduction in latent energy flux by 40% on average at midday. Considering all observed acclimations for soybean, average midday LE (H) were decreased (increased) by 10.5 (18) [W m(-2)]. A lack of direct stimulation of photosynthesis for maize, and no observed structural or biochemical acclimation resulted in decreases (increases) in average midday LE (H) by 40-50 [W m(-2)]. An examination of canopy-scale responses at a range of CO2 concentrations projected to be seen over the coming century showed a general continuation in the direction of flux responses. Flux responses showed little sensitivity to assumptions of constant versus linear trends in structural and biochemical acclimation magnitudes over the 400-700 [ppm] concentration range examined here. C1 [Drewry, D. T.; Kumar, P.; Sivapalan, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Long, S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Long, S.; Bernacchi, C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, C.] USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liang, X. -Z.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Sivapalan, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Drewry, DT (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM kumar1@illinois.edu RI Kumar, Praveen/D-2036-2010; Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; OI Kumar, Praveen/0000-0002-4787-0308; Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X FU NSF [ATM 06-28687]; NOAA [NA 06-OAR4310053] FX This research is primarily funded by NSF grant ATM 06-28687 and partially supported by NOAA grant NA 06-OAR4310053. We wish to thank the PIs of the Bondville Fluxnet tower and the FACE experimental facility. Benjamin Burroughs conducted valuable data synthesis work that is gratefully acknowledged. Insightful comments of Lisa Ainsworth and Andrew Leakey helped shape some initial thinking on this project. Juan Quijano, Venkat Srinivasan, and Phong Le provided valuable comments on early versions of the manuscript. We also thank the Editor (Dennis Baldocchi) and an Associate Editor for JGR-Biogeosciences, along with two anonymous reviewers, whose insightful comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04023 DI 10.1029/2010JG001341 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 680GQ UT WOS:000284220800003 ER PT J AU Drewry, DT Kumar, P Long, S Bernacchi, C Liang, XZ Sivapalan, M AF Drewry, D. T. Kumar, P. Long, S. Bernacchi, C. Liang, X. -Z. Sivapalan, M. TI Ecohydrological responses of dense canopies to environmental variability: 1. Interplay between vertical structure and photosynthetic pathway SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; OPEN-AIR ELEVATION; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ENERGY FLUXES; LONG-TERM; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AB Vegetation acclimation to changing climate, in particular elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO(2)), has been observed to include modifications to the biochemical and ecophysiological functioning of leaves and the structural components of the canopy. These responses have the potential to significantly modify plant carbon uptake and surface energy partitioning, and have been attributed with large-scale changes in surface hydrology over recent decades. While the aggregated effects of vegetation acclimation can be pronounced, they often result from subtle changes in canopy properties that require the resolution of physical, biochemical and ecophysiological processes through the canopy for accurate estimation. In this paper, the first of two, a multilayer canopy-soil-root system model developed to capture the emergent vegetation responses to environmental change is presented. The model incorporates both C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways, and resolves the vertical radiation, thermal, and environmental regimes within the canopy. The tight coupling between leaf ecophysiological functioning and energy balance determines vegetation responses to climate states and perturbations, which are modulated by soil moisture states through the depth of the root system. The model is validated for three growing seasons each for soybean (C3) and maize (C4) using eddy-covariance fluxes of CO(2), latent, and sensible heat collected at the Bondville (Illinois) Ameriflux tower site. The data set provides an opportunity to examine the role of important environmental drivers and model skill in capturing variability in canopy-atmosphere exchange. Vertical variation in radiative states and scalar fluxes over a mean diurnal cycle are examined to understand the role of canopy structure on the patterns of absorbed radiation and scalar flux magnitudes and the consequent differences in sunlit and shaded source/sink locations through the canopies. An analysis is made of the impact of soil moisture stress on carbon uptake and energy flux partitioning at the canopy-scale and resolved through the canopy, providing insight into the roles of canopy structure and metabolic pathway on the response of each crop to moisture deficits. Model calculations indicate increases in water use efficiency (WUE) with increasing moisture stress, with average maize WUE increases of 45% at the highest levels of plant stress examined here, relative to 20% increases for soybean. C1 [Drewry, D. T.; Kumar, P.; Sivapalan, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Long, S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Long, S.; Bernacchi, C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, C.] USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liang, X. -Z.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Sivapalan, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Drewry, DT (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM kumar1@illinois.edu RI Kumar, Praveen/D-2036-2010; Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; OI Kumar, Praveen/0000-0002-4787-0308; Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X FU NSF [ATM 06-28687]; NOAA [NA 06-OAR4310053] FX This research is primarily funded by NSF grant ATM 06-28687 and partially supported by NOAA grant NA 06-OAR4310053. We wish to thank the PIs of the Bondville Fluxnet tower and the FACE experimental facility. Benjamin Burroughs conducted valuable data synthesis work that is gratefully acknowledged. Insightful comments of Lisa Ainsworth and Andrew Leakey helped shape some initial thinking on this project. Juan Quijano, Venkat Srinivasan, and Phong Le provided valuable comments on early versions of the manuscript. We also thank the Editor (Dennis Baldocchi) and an Associate Editor for JGR-Biogeosciences, along with two anonymous reviewers, whose insightful comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 104 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04022 DI 10.1029/2010JG001340 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 680GQ UT WOS:000284220800002 ER PT J AU Xie, ZH Liu, W Huang, HQ Slavin, M Zhao, Y Whent, M Blackford, J Lutterodt, H Zhou, HP Chen, P Wang, TTY Wang, SK Yu, LL AF Xie, Zhuohong Liu, Wei Huang, Haiqiu Slavin, Margaret Zhao, Yang Whent, Monica Blackford, Jessica Lutterodt, Herman Zhou, Huiping Chen, Pei Wang, Thomas T. Y. Wang, Shaoke Yu, Liangli (Lucy) TI Chemical Composition of Five Commercial Gynostemma pentaphyllum Samples and Their Radical Scavenging, Antiproliferative, and Anti-inflammatory Properties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phenolic; saponin; flavonoids; Gynostemma pentaphyllum; antioxidant; antiproliferation; anti-inflammation ID VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; DIETARY FIBER; CANCER; GYPENOSIDES; FLAVONOIDS; CAPACITY; SAPONINS; PROTECTION; APOPTOSIS AB Five Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) samples were investigated and compared for their chemical compositions and their antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Extracts (50% acetone, 75% ethanol, and 100% ethanol) of the five GP samples (GP1-5) differed in their total phenolic, saponin, and flavonoid contents and in their rutin and quercetin concentrations. The highest level of total flavonoids was 63.5 mg of rutin equiv/g in GP4, and the greatest total phenolic content was 44.3 mg of gallic acid equiv/g in GP1 with 50% acetone as the extraction solvent. GP2 had the highest total saponin content of 132.6 mg/g with 100% ethanol as the extraction solvent. These extracts also differed in their scavenging capacity against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, although they all showed significant radical scavenging capacity. The 100% ethanol extracts also showed dose-dependently strong inhibition on IL-6 and Ptgs2 mRNA expression and weak inhibition on TNF-alpha mRNA expression. In addition, GP1 had the highest antiproliferative activity at 3.2 mg equiv/mL concentration in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. The results from this study will be used to promote the application of G. pentaphyllum for improving human health. C1 [Xie, Zhuohong; Liu, Wei; Huang, Haiqiu; Slavin, Margaret; Zhao, Yang; Whent, Monica; Blackford, Jessica; Lutterodt, Herman; Yu, Liangli (Lucy)] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhou, Huiping] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Chen, Pei] ARS, Food Composit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shaoke] Asian Citrus Holdings Ltd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0112 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lyu5@umd.edu RI Xie, Zhuohong/E-4543-2012; Huang, Haiqiu/J-8856-2012; ZHAO, YANG/O-7920-2014; Xie, Zhuohong/P-3599-2014 OI Xie, Zhuohong/0000-0001-8009-3523 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CBET-0650650]; Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN); Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Hoard (MGPUB); Maryland Soybean Hoard FX This research was partially supported by a research gif from the U.S. National Science Foundation with federal grant CBET-0650650, a grant from the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), a grant from the Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Hoard (MGPUB), and a grant from the Maryland Soybean Hoard. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 21 BP 11243 EP 11249 DI 10.1021/jf1026372 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 672ZT UT WOS:000283628000008 PM 20939605 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Howard, LR Wilkes, SE Rogers, TJ Prior, RL AF Khanal, Ramesh C. Howard, Luke R. Wilkes, Samuel E. Rogers, Theodore J. Prior, Ronald L. TI Urinary Excretion of (Epi)catechins in Rats Fed Different Berries or Berry Products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Catechins; epicatechins; procyanidins; polyphenols; cranberry; blueberry; black raspberry; urinary excretion ID GREEN TEA FLAVAN-3-OLS; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; B2 EPICATECHIN-(4-BETA-8)-EPICATECHIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; ABSORPTION; (-)-EPICATECHIN; BIOAVAILABILITY; PROCYANIDINS; METABOLISM AB (Epi)catechins are associated with many health benefits in humans. However, their bioavailability, excretory pattern, and extent of conjugation in animals fed different sources or levels in the diet are not well documented. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the urinary excretion of (epi)catechins after feeding of different types of berries or different levels of the same berry source to rats. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of feeding a commercially available concentrated cranberry powder (COP) at three different levels, 3.3, 6.6, and 33 g/kg of diet, whereas experiment 2 investigated the effect of feeding freeze-dried whole cranberry (CB), blueberry (BB), or black raspberry (BRB) powder at 50 g/kg of diet. Both experiments had an AIN-93-based control and a high-fructose diet (53-65% of the diet) to which was added three levels of CCP in experiment 1 and CB, BB, and BRB in experiment 2. (Epi)catechins were excreted as free and conjugated in both intact and methylated forms. Excretion of conjugated (epi)catechins was as high as 60% of the total consumed in some cases. A majority of both catechins and epicatechins excreted in the urine was in a methylated form. Excretion of epicatechins, including their methylated forms, ranged from 30 to 47% of the ingested amount, whereas that of catechins, including their methylated forms, ranged from 9 to 31%. Urinary excretion of (epi)catechins was dose dependent and increased with the amount of (epi)catechins present in the diet. On the basis of the excretory pattern of (epi)catechins in the urine, data suggested that the bioavailability of epicatechins may be higher than that of catechins and that (epi)catechins may be more available from blueberries compared to cranberries. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM rpriorl@cablelynx.com FU Decas Botanicals Inc.; USDA, Agricultural Research Service; Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX Financial support for these studies was provided in part by Decas Botanicals Inc., USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and Arkansas Biosciences Institute. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department or Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 21 BP 11257 EP 11264 DI 10.1021/jf102916m PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 672ZT UT WOS:000283628000010 PM 20932033 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Astatkie, T Hristov, A AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Astatkie, Tess Hristov, Alex TI Yield, Content, and Composition of Peppermint and Spearmints as a Function of Harvesting Time and Drying SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mentha x piperita; Mentha x gracilis; Mentha spicata; essential oil; Scotch spearmint; native spearmint; ginger mint; antioxidant; antileishmanial; antifungal; antimicrobial; ruminal fermentation ID ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MENTHA-SPICATA; L.; PRODUCTIVITY; CARVONE AB Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) and spearmints ('Scotch' spearmint, M. x gracilis Sole, and 'Native' spearmint, Mentha spicata L.) are widely grown essential oil crops in more northern latitudes; however, there is limited information on how harvest time and drying influence peppermint and spearmint yield, oil composition, and bioactivity, when grown south of the 41st parallel. In this 2-year study, the effects of harvest time and drying on the yield, oil composition, and bioactivity of peppermint ('Black Mitcham' and 'B90-9'), 'Scotch' spearmint, and 'Native' spearmint were evaluated. Peppermint oil from the dried material had higher menthol and eucalyptol concentrations. Menthone in both peppermint cultivars decreased from harvest 1 (late June) to harvest 5 (late August) or 6 (early September), whereas menthol increased. (-)-Carvone in spearmints accumulated early, before flowering, allowing for early harvest. Oil yields from the dried spearmint biomass reached the maximum at harvest 3 (mid-July). The essential oil compositions of the four mint genotypes were similar to that of 11 commercially available oils, suggesting that these genotypes can be grown in the hot, humid environment of the southeastern United States. The antioxidant activities (ORAC(oil) values) of the essential oils were 4372, 1713, 1107, and 471 mu mol of TE L(-1) for 'Scotch' spearmint, 'Native' spearmint, peppermint, and Japanese cornmint (Menthe canadensis), respectively. The oils of the four mint genotypes did not affect ruminal fermentation in vivo, and did not exhibit antimicrobial, antileishmanial, or antimalarial activity at levels that would warrant bioassay-directed fractionation in a drug-discovery screening program. Specifically, the oils did not show greater than 50% growth inhibition against Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium falciparum clones D6 and W2, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cryptococcus neoformans, Mycobacterium intracellulare, or Aspergillus fumigates at 50 mu g mL(-1). C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Engn, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Hristov, Alex] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway,145 South, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 21 BP 11400 EP 11407 DI 10.1021/jf1022077 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 672ZT UT WOS:000283628000029 PM 20942459 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Campbell, JF Arthur, FH AF Toews, Michael D. Campbell, James F. Arthur, Franklin H. TI The presence of flour affects the efficacy of aerosolized insecticides used to treat the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fogging; integrated pest management; methyl bromide replacement ID STORED PEANUTS; COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; FOOD; WAREHOUSES; CYFLUTHRIN; RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; IMPACT; HERBST AB Experiments were conducted in tightly sealed pilot scale warehouses to assess the efficacy of common aerosolized insecticides on all life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) when exposed in dishes containing 0 to 2 g of wheat flour either under pallets or out in the open. Petri dishes containing 0, 0.1, 1, or 2 g of flour were prepared with 25 eggs, 3(rd) instars, pupae, or adults and then immediately treated with aerosolized solvent, pyrethrins, or esfenvalerate. Twenty-four h after insecticide exposure, the dishes were brought to the laboratory and placed in a growth chamber and held for a 3 day moribund (knockdown) assessment and a 21 day mortality assessment. Mortality in untreated controls was generally less than 10%, with the exception of the 21 day counts of adults and eggs. Solvent-treated replications followed similar trends, except that additional mortality was observed in exposed larvae and pupae. In the insecticide-treated dishes, mortality of T. castaneum provisioned with flour generally showed a linear decrease with increasing flour deposits. Regardless of life stage, mortality did not exceed 60% when individuals were exposed in petri dishes containing 2 g of flour. Exposure location also made a significant difference in observed mortality. While mortality never exceeded 75% in dishes positioned under pallets, there was never less than 80% mortality in dishes exposed in the open. Although there was a perceptible increase in mortality with esfenvalerate compared to pyrethrins, these differences were considerably less than the variation observed among flour deposits. The study suggests that sanitation and preparation prior to aerosol insecticide treatments were more important than choice of a particular insecticide. C1 [Toews, Michael D.; Campbell, James F.; Arthur, Franklin H.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 122 S Entomol Dr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM mtoews@uga.edu; james.campbell@ars.usda.gov; frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU USDA/CSREES RAMP [2005-51101-02358]; USDA/CSREES PMAP [2005-34381-15952] FX We appreciate Brian Barnett, Caleb Doll, Jackie Rowan, Matt Kennedy, and Rich Hammel for excellent technical support. George Mbata and Xinzhi Ni reviewed an earlier draft and made helpful suggestions to improve this manuscript. This work was funded with partial support from USDA/CSREES RAMP under Agreement No. 2005-51101-02358 and USDA/CSREES PMAP under Agreement NO. 2005-34381-15952. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture or the University of Georgia. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 196 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 680LP UT WOS:000284233700001 PM 21268701 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Sisterson, MS French, R AF Stenger, Drake C. Sisterson, Mark S. French, Roy TI Population genetics of Homalodisca vitripennis reovirus validates timing and limited introduction to California of its invasive insect host, the glassy-winged sharpshooter SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glassy-winged sharpshooter; Homalodisca vitripennis; Reovirus; Phytoreovirus; Population genetics ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; RNA VIRUSES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RATES; MUTATION; COAGULATA; CICADELLIDAE; SUBSTITUTION; POLYMORPHISM; SELECTION AB As RNA viruses evolve rapidly, we hypothesized that a virus could serve as a surrogate to discriminate recently separated populations of an invasive insect species. Homalodisca vitripennis reovirus (HoVRV) was used as a surrogate to assess population structure of glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), an invasive species detected in California similar to 20 years ago. HoVRV nucleotide sequence polymorphism revealed a bottleneck in the introduced population, yielded population age estimates consistent with timing of GWSS discovery in California, suggested gene flow within the native range but not among native and introduced populations, and could potentially pinpoint source of the introduced population. Collectively, the data support use of a virus surrogate to define critical attributes of invasive species populations, with the caveat that life history of the surrogate must be closely linked to that of the host. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stenger, Drake C.; Sisterson, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [French, Roy] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93611 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 407 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.08.002 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 658JM UT WOS:000282486300007 PM 20739043 ER PT J AU Gladue, DP Holinka, LG Fernandez-Sainz, IJ Prarat, MV O'Donell, V Vepkhvadze, N Lu, Z Rogers, K Risatti, GR Borca, MV AF Gladue, D. P. Holinka, L. G. Fernandez-Sainz, I. J. Prarat, M. V. O'Donell, V. Vepkhvadze, N. Lu, Z. Rogers, K. Risatti, G. R. Borca, M. V. TI Effects of the interactions of classical swine fever virus Core protein with proteins of the SUMOylation pathway on virulence in swine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Virulence; Pathogenesis; Attenuation; Core protein; Classical swine fever virus; SUMOylation; Vaccines ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; SUMO-1 MODIFICATION; CELLULAR-TRANSFORMATION; CONJUGATING ENZYME; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; STRAIN BRESCIA; RNA HELICASE AB Here we have identified host cell proteins involved with the cellular SUMOylation pathway, SUMO-1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier) and UBC9, a SUMO-1 conjugating enzyme that interact with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) Core protein. Five highly conserved lysine residues (K179, K180, K220, K221, and K246) within the CSFV Core were identified as putative SUMOylation sites. Analysis of these interactions showed that K179A, K180A, and K221A substitutions disrupt Core-SUMO-1 binding, while K220A substitution precludes Core-UBC9 binding. In vivo, Core mutant viruses (K179A, K180A, K220A, K221A) and (K220A, K221A) harboring those substitutions were attenuated in swine. These data shows a clear correlation between the disruption of Core protein binding to SUMO-1 and UBC9 and CSFV attenuation. Overall, these data suggest that the interaction of Core with the cellular SUMOylation pathway plays a significant role in the CSFV growth cycle in vivo. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Borca, M. V.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [O'Donell, V.; Rogers, K.; Risatti, G. R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lu, Z.] DHS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM douglas.gladue@ars.usda.gov; lauren.holinka@ars.usda.gov; ignacio.fernandezsainz@ars.usda.gov; melanie.prarat@ars.usda.gov; zlu@dhs.gov; kara.rogers@uconn.edu; guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 FU National Pork Board [09-111]; USDA Agricultural and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2009-01614] FX We thank the Plum Island Animal Disease Center animal care unit staff for excellent technical assistance. This work was partially supported by National Pork Board grant no. 09-111 and USDA Agricultural and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) grant no. 2009-01614. NR 67 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 407 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.040 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 658JM UT WOS:000282486300015 PM 20800867 ER PT J AU Guttikonda, SK Trupti, J Bisht, NC Chen, H An, YQC Pandey, S Xu, D Yu, O AF Guttikonda, Satish K. Trupti, Joshi Bisht, Naveen C. Chen, Hui An, Yong-Qiang C. Pandey, Sona Xu, Dong Yu, Oliver TI Whole genome co-expression analysis of soybean cytochrome P450 genes identifies nodulation-specific P450 monooxygenases SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ISOFLAVONE SYNTHASE; HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; LINOLENIC ACIDS; PLANT BIOLOGY; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB Background: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) catalyze oxidation of various substrates using oxygen and NAD(P) H. Plant P450s are involved in the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites performing diverse biological functions. The recent availability of the soybean genome sequence allows us to identify and analyze soybean putative P450s at a genome scale. Co-expression analysis using an available soybean microarray and Illumina sequencing data provides clues for functional annotation of these enzymes. This approach is based on the assumption that genes that have similar expression patterns across a set of conditions may have a functional relationship. Results: We have identified a total number of 332 full-length P450 genes and 378 pseudogenes from the soybean genome. From the full-length sequences, 195 genes belong to A-type, which could be further divided into 20 families. The remaining 137 genes belong to non-A type P450s and are classified into 28 families. A total of 178 probe sets were found to correspond to P450 genes on the Affymetrix soybean array. Out of these probe sets, 108 represented single genes. Using the 28 publicly available microarray libraries that contain organ-specific information, some tissue-specific P450s were identified. Similarly, stress responsive soybean P450s were retrieved from 99 microarray soybean libraries. We also utilized Illumina transcriptome sequencing technology to analyze the expressions of all 332 soybean P450 genes. This dataset contains total RNAs isolated from nodules, roots, root tips, leaves, flowers, green pods, apical meristem, mock-inoculated and Bradyrhizobium japonicum-infected root hair cells. The tissue-specific expression patterns of these P450 genes were analyzed and the expression of a representative set of genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR. We performed the co-expression analysis on many of the 108 P450 genes on the Affymetrix arrays. First we confirmed that CYP93C5 (an isoflavone synthase gene) is co-expressed with several genes encoding isoflavonoid-related metabolic enzymes. We then focused on nodulation-induced P450s and found that CYP728H1 was co-expressed with the genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism. Similarly, CYP736A34 was highly co-expressed with lipoxygenase, lectin and CYP83D1, all of which are involved in root and nodule development. Conclusions: The genome scale analysis of P450s in soybean reveals many unique features of these important enzymes in this crop although the functions of most of them are largely unknown. Gene co-expression analysis proves to be a useful tool to infer the function of uncharacterized genes. Our work presented here could provide important leads toward functional genomics studies of soybean P450s and their regulatory network through the integration of reverse genetics, biochemistry, and metabolic profiling tools. The identification of nodule-specific P450s and their further exploitation may help us to better understand the intriguing process of soybean and rhizobium interaction. C1 [Guttikonda, Satish K.; Bisht, Naveen C.; Chen, Hui; Pandey, Sona; Yu, Oliver] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Trupti, Joshi; Xu, Dong] Univ Missouri, Digital Biol Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Trupti, Joshi; Xu, Dong] Univ Missouri, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [An, Yong-Qiang C.] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Yu, O (reprint author), Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM oyu@danforthcenter.org RI Pandey, Sona/M-2847-2013 OI Pandey, Sona/0000-0002-5570-3120 FU NSF [MCB0519634]; USDA [NRI2005-05190]; Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council [306] FX We thank Dr. Gary Stacey at University of Missouri-Columbia for providing Illumina data for the gene expression analysis. This project is support in part by grants from NSF (MCB0519634) and USDA (NRI2005-05190) to O.Y and Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council (#306) to D. X. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 243 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-243 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 685EG UT WOS:000284610800001 PM 21062474 ER PT J AU St John, FJ Gonzalez, JM Pozharski, E AF St John, Franz J. Gonzalez, Javier M. Pozharski, Edwin TI Consolidation of glycosyl hydrolase family 30: A dual domain 4/7 hydrolase family consisting of two structurally distinct groups SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Glycosyl hydrolase family 30 (GH30); Glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5); Glucuronoxylan xylanohydrolase; Endo-beta-1,6-galactanase; Glucosylceramidase; Endo-beta-1,6-glucanase ID ACID-BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENTS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PROTEIN SEQUENCES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DEFECTIVE ENZYME; GAUCHER-DISEASE; D-XYLOSIDASE AB In this work glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 30 (GH30) is analyzed and shown to consist of its currently classified member sequences as well as several homologous sequence groups currently assigned within family GH5. A large scale amino acid sequence alignment and a phylogenetic tree were generated and GH30 groups and subgroups were designated. A partial rearrangement in the GH30 defining side-associated beta-domain contributes to the differentiation of two major groups that contain up to eight subgroups. For this CAZy family of Clan A enzymes the dual domain fold is conserved, suggesting that it may be a requirement for evolved function. This work redefines GH family 30 and serves as a guide for future efforts regarding enzymes classified within this family. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 [St John, Franz J.; Gonzalez, Javier M.; Pozharski, Edwin] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP St John, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr,Bldg 34,Rm 123, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM fjstjohn@fs.fed.us RI St John, Franz/J-8970-2016; OI St John, Franz/0000-0003-3458-5628; Pozharski, Edwin/0000-0001-7012-5376; Gonzalez, Javier M./0000-0002-3298-2235 NR 51 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2010 VL 584 IS 21 BP 4435 EP 4441 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.09.051 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 672HH UT WOS:000283573100011 PM 20932833 ER PT J AU Brake, DK Wikel, SK Tidwell, JP de Leon, AAP AF Brake, Danett K. Wikel, Stephen K. Tidwell, Jason P. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez TI Rhipicephalus microplus salivary gland molecules induce differential CD86 expression in murine macrophages SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID BOS-INDICUS CATTLE; CD4(+) T-CELLS; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; DENDRITIC CELLS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; TICK INFESTATIONS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AB Background: Tick parasitism is a major impediment for cattle production in many parts of the world. The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is an obligate hematophagous parasite of domestic and wild animals that serves as vector of infectious agents lethal to cattle. Tick saliva contains molecules evolved to modulate host innate and adaptive immune responses which facilitates blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Tick feeding promotes CD4 T cell polarization to a Th2 profile usually accompanied by down-regulation of Th1 cytokines through as yet undefined mechanisms. Co-stimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells are central to development of T cell responses including Th1 and Th2 responses. Tick induced changes to antigen presenting cell signal transduction pathways are largely unknown. Here we document the ability of R. microplus salivary gland extracts (SGE) to effect differential CD86 expression. Results: We examined changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression in murine RAW 264.7 cells in response to R. microplus SGE exposure in the presence of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, LPS. After 24 hrs, CD86, but not CD80, was preferentially up-regulated on mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells when treated with SGE and then LPS, but not SGE alone. CD80 and CD40 expression was increased with LPS, but the addition of SGE did not alter expression. Higher concentrations of SGE were less effective at increasing CD86 RNA expression. The addition of mitogen or extracellular kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, significantly reduced the ability for SGE to induce CD86 expression, indicating activation of MEK is necessary for SGE induced up-regulation. Conclusions: Molecules in SGE of R. microplus have a concentration-dependent effect on differential up-regulation of CD86 in a macrophage cell line activated by the TLR4 ligand, LPS. This CD86 up-regulation is at least partially dependent on the ERK1/2 pathway and may serve to promote Th2 polarization of the immune response. C1 [Brake, Danett K.; de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Wikel, Stephen K.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Tidwell, Jason P.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP de Leon, AAP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksberg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM beto.perezdeleon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6205-32000-031-00D, 6205-32000-034-00D] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The study was financially supported by USDA-ARS appropriated projects 6205-32000-031-00D and 6205-32000-034-00D. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD NOV 5 PY 2010 VL 3 AR 103 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-3-103 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 685TI UT WOS:000284650600001 PM 21054882 ER PT J AU Maes, K Nemeth, E Roodman, GD Huston, A Esteve, F Freytes, C Callander, N Katodritou, E Tussing-Humphreys, L Rivera, S Vanderkerken, K Lichtenstein, A Ganz, T AF Maes, Ken Nemeth, Elizabeta Roodman, G. David Huston, Alissa Esteve, Flavia Freytes, Cesar Callander, Natalie Katodritou, Eirini Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa Rivera, Seth Vanderkerken, Karin Lichtenstein, Alan Ganz, Tomas TI In anemia of multiple myeloma, hepcidin is induced by increased bone morphogenetic protein 2 SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; IL-6; PROMOTER; CELLS; RECEPTORS; CYTOKINES; BMP; INFLAMMATION; INDUCTION; SURVIVAL AB Hepcidin is the principal iron-regulatory hormone and a pathogenic factor in anemia of inflammation. Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) frequently present with anemia. We showed that MM patients had increased serum hepcidin, which inversely correlated with hemoglobin, suggesting that hepcidin contributes to MM-related anemia. Searching for hepcidin-inducing cytokines in MM, we quantified the stimulation of hepcidin promoter-luciferase activity in HuH7 cells by MM sera. MM sera activated the hepcidin promoter significantly more than did normal sera. We then examined the role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), the major transcriptional regulators of hepcidin. Mutations in both BMP-responsive elements abrogated the activation dramatically, while mutations in the IL-6-responsive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-binding site (STAT3-BS) had only a minor effect. Cotreatment with anti-BMP-2/4 or noggin-Fc blocked the promoter induction with all MM sera, anti-IL-6 blocked it with a minority of sera, whereas anti-BMP-4, -6, or -9 antibodies had no effect. BMP-2-immunodepleted MM sera had decreased promoter stimulatory capacity, and BMP-2 concentrations in MM sera were significantly higher than in normal sera. Our results demonstrate that BMP-2 is a major mediator of the hepcidin stimulatory activity of MM sera. (Blood. 2010;116(18):3635-3644) C1 [Nemeth, Elizabeta; Rivera, Seth; Ganz, Tomas] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nemeth, Elizabeta; Rivera, Seth; Ganz, Tomas] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Maes, Ken; Vanderkerken, Karin] Vrije Univ Brussel VUB, Dept Hematol & Immunol, Brussels, Belgium. [Roodman, G. David; Huston, Alissa; Esteve, Flavia] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med & Pittsburgh, VA Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Freytes, Cesar] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Hosp, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Callander, Natalie] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Div Hematol, Madison, WI USA. [Katodritou, Eirini] Theagen Canc Ctr, Dept Hematol, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa] USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Lichtenstein, Alan] W Los Angeles VA Univ Calif Los Angeles Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ganz, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, 10833 Le Conte Ave,CHS 37-055, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tganz@mednet.ucla.edu RI Vanderkerken, Karin/I-3513-2013 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 DK 065029]; UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; VA, Los Angeles, CA FX This work was funded by National Institutes of Health grant RO1 DK 065029 (T.G. and E.N.), an Interdisciplinary Seed Grant from the UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.N., A.L., and T.G.), and by research support from the VA, Los Angeles, CA (A.L.). NR 33 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 18 BP 3635 EP 3644 DI 10.1182/blood-2010-03274571 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 675SM UT WOS:000283853200034 PM 20679527 ER PT J AU Freeman, JM Davey, RB Kappmeyer, LS Kammlah, DM Olafson, PU AF Freeman, Jeanne M. Davey, Ronald B. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Kammlah, Diane M. Olafson, Pia U. TI Bm86 midgut protein sequence variation in South Texas cattle fever ticks SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; VACCINE; ANTIGEN; DETERMINANTS; INFESTATIONS; PEPTIDES; IXODIDAE; STRAINS; ACARI AB Background: Cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. (B.) annulatus, vector bovine and equine babesiosis, and have significantly expanded beyond the permanent quarantine zone established in South Texas. Currently, there are no vaccines approved for use within the United States for controlling these vectors. Vaccines developed in Australia and Cuba based on the midgut antigen Bm86 have variable efficacy against cattle fever ticks. A possible explanation for this variation in vaccine efficacy is amino acid sequence divergence between the recombinant Bm86 vaccine component and native Bm86 expressed in ticks from different geographical regions of the world. Results: There was 91.8% amino acid sequence identity in Bm86 among R. microplus and R. annulatus sequenced from South Texas infestations. When South Texas isolates were compared to the Australian Yeerongpilly and Cuban Camcord vaccine strains, there was 89.8% and 90.0% identity, respectively. Most of the sequence divergence was focused in one region of the protein, amino acids 206-298. Hydrophilicity profiles revealed that two short regions of Bm86 (amino acids 206-210 and 560-570) appear to be more hydrophilic in South Texas isolates compared to vaccine strains. Only one amino acid difference was found between South Texas and vaccine strains within two previously described B-cell epitopes. A total of 4 amino acid differences were observed within three peptides previously shown to induce protective immune responses in cattle. Conclusions: Sequence differences between South Texas isolates and Yeerongpilly and Camcord strains are spread throughout the entire Bm86 sequence, suggesting that geographic variation does exist. Differences within previously described B-cell epitopes between South Texas isolates and vaccine strains are minimal; however, short regions of hydrophilic amino acids found unique to South Texas isolates suggest that additional unique surface exposed peptides could be targeted. C1 [Freeman, Jeanne M.; Kammlah, Diane M.; Olafson, Pia U.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. [Davey, Ronald B.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX USA. [Kappmeyer, Lowell S.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Freeman, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. EM Jeanne.Freeman@ARS.USDA.GOV FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS CRIS [6205-32000-031-00 D] FX The authors thank Deanna Bodine and Greta Buckmeier of the Knipling-Bushland U. S Livestock Insects Research Laboratory for their excellent technical assistance, and Jason Tidwell of the Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory CFTRL for assistance with organizing samples. We would also like to acknowledge the USDA/APHIS personnel involved in the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program, especially Dr. Roberta Duhaime and the tick inspectors who collected the ticks used in this research. Thanks to Dr. Kevin Temeyer and Dr. Massaro Ueti for serving as peer reviewers for this manuscript. This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS CRIS project 6205-32000-031-00 D. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 3 AR 101 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-3-101 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 683NG UT WOS:000284481900001 PM 21047431 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Ruggio, DM Howe, JC Leheska, JM Smith, SB Engle, T Rasor, AS Conley, NA AF Phillips, Katherine M. Ruggio, David M. Howe, Juliette C. Leheska, Jennifer M. Smith, Stephen B. Engle, Terry Rasor, Amy S. Conley, Nancy A. TI Preparation and characterization of control materials for the analysis of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-vaccenic acid in beef SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Fatty acid analysis; Method validation; Quality control; Conjugated linoleic acid; Trans-vaccenic acid; Beef; Meat; Fatty acids; Food composition; Control materials; Reference materials; NIST SRM 1546; BCR CRM 163; CLA ID STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; ANALYSIS PROGRAM NFNAP; USDA NATIONAL FOOD; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACIDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; CORN-OIL; ISOMERS AB Beef and beef fat control composites (CC) were prepared for a large multi-year study of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) in beef. Raw ground beef and beef suet were each frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground to a fine powder, dispensed into subsamples, and stored at -60 degrees C under nitrogen. The CCs, reference materials (beef/pork fat; meat homogenate), and standards prepared at two concentrations of CIA and TVA added to a total lipid extract of beef (differing by 0.27 g/100 g CLA and 1.2432 g/100 g TVA) were analyzed via alkaline saponification of lipids, derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters, and GC. CIA and WA recoveries from the standards were 95-113% (CLA) and 103-106% (TVA). Fatty acids quantified in the reference materials were within the certified ranges. Relative standard deviations (n = 3 in each of 5 assay batches) were <5% (TVA) and <10% (CLA) for both CCs, at both laboratories. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Katherine M.; Ruggio, David M.; Rasor, Amy S.; Conley, Nancy A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Howe, Juliette C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Leheska, Jennifer M.] Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. [Smith, Stephen B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Engle, Terry] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu RI Smith, Stephen/H-7046-2014; OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0002-2779-8281; Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA); USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory [Y1-HV-8116-11]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [Y1-HV-8116-11]; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI) FX This work was funded by the Beef Checkoff, through the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) and by cooperative agreement #Y1-HV-8116-11 between the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI). The scientific and editing input of Dr. Kristine Patterson is acknowledged with appreciation. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 43 IS 9 BP 2253 EP 2261 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.06.012 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 673EK UT WOS:000283641700003 ER PT J AU Liefert, WM Serova, E Liefert, O AF Liefert, William M. Serova, Eugenia Liefert, Olga TI The growing importance of the former USSR countries in world agricultural markets SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference of the International-Association-of-Agricultural-Economists CY AUG 16-22, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Agr Economists DE Russia; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Agricultural trade; Grain exports; Wheat exports; Meat imports AB The major countries of the former Soviet Union-specifically Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan-are becoming increasingly important in world agricultural markets. The two main developments are that this region has become a large grain exporter, especially of wheat and barley, and Russia a big agricultural importer, especially of meat. These trends should continue for the next decade. However, policies to expand the livestock sector could mitigate these developments, as increased domestic meat production would reduce both meat imports and surplus feed grain for export. Also, further growth in the region's grain exports will require improvement in the infrastructure for storing and transporting grain. C1 [Liefert, William M.; Liefert, Olga] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Serova, Eugenia] FAO, I-00100 Rome, Italy. RP Liefert, WM (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41 SU 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00489.x PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 692AU UT WOS:000285124700007 ER PT J AU Jonnala, RS MacRitchie, F Smail, VW Seabourn, BW Tilley, M Lafiandra, D Urbano, M AF Jonnala, Ramakanth S. MacRitchie, Finlay Smail, Virgil W. Seabourn, Bradford W. Tilley, Michael Lafiandra, Domenico Urbano, Marcella TI Protein and Quality Characterization of Complete and Partial Near-Isogenic Lines of Waxy Wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; 3 WX GENES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; POLYMERIC PROTEIN; HEXAPLOID WHEATS; COMMON WHEAT; FLOUR; DOUGH; CULTIVARS; GLUTEN AB The objective of this study was to evaluate protein composition and its effects on flour quality and physical dough test parameters using waxy wheat near-isogenic lines. Partial waxy (single and double nulls) and waxy (null at all three waxy loci, Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1) lines of N11 set (bread wheat) and Svevo (durum) were investigated. For protein composition, waxy wheats in this study had relatively lower albumins-globulins than the hard winter wheat control. In the bread wheats (N11), dough strength as measured by mixograph peak dough development time (MDDT) (r = 0.75) and maximum resistance (R(max)) (r = 0.70) was significantly correlated with unextractable polymeric protein (UPP), whereas in durum wheats, moderate correlation was observed (r = 0.73 and 0.59, respectively). This may be due to the presence of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) Dx2+Dy12 at the Glu-D1 locus instead of Dx5+Dy10, which are associated with dough strength. Significant correlation of initial loaf volume (ILV) to flour polymeric protein (FPP) (r = 0.75) and flour protein (FP) (r = 0.63) was found in bread wheats, whereas in durum wheats, a weak correlation of ILV was observed with FP (r = 0.09) and FPP (r = 0.51). Significant correlation of ILV with FPP in bread wheats and with % polymeric protein (PPP) (r = 0.75) in durum lines indicates that this aspect of end-use functionality is influenced by FPP and PPP, respectively, in these waxy wheat lines. High ILV was observed with 100% waxy wheat flour alone and was not affected by 50% blending with bread wheat flour. However, dark color and poor crumb structure was observed with 100% waxy flour, which was unacceptable to consumers. As the amylopectin content of the starch increases, loaf expansion increases but the crumb structure becomes increasingly unstable and collapses. C1 [Jonnala, Ramakanth S.; MacRitchie, Finlay; Smail, Virgil W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford W.; Tilley, Michael] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Lafiandra, Domenico] Univ Tuscia, Dept Agrobiol & Agrochem, Viterbo, Italy. [Urbano, Marcella] CNR, Inst Plant Genet, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Jonnala, RS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jsr369@gmail.com NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-07-09-0102 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600006 ER PT J AU Ohm, JB Hareland, G Simsek, S Seabourn, B Maghirang, E Dowell, F AF Ohm, Jae-Bom Hareland, Gary Simsek, Senay Seabourn, Bradford Maghirang, Elizabeth Dowell, Floyd TI Molecular Weight Distribution of Proteins in Hard Red Spring Wheat: Relationship to Quality Parameters and Intrasample Uniformity SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIZE-EXCLUSION HPLC; FLOUR PROTEINS; WINTER-WHEAT; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; GLUTEN PROTEINS; BREADMAKING; DOUGH; SONICATION; FRACTIONS AB Molecular weight distribution (MWD) of proteins extracted from hard red spring wheat was analyzed by size-exclusion HPLC to investigate associations with wheat and breadmaking quality characteristics. Certain protein fractions were related to associations between wheat and breadmaking parameters, specifically when effect of quantitative variation of protein on those parameters was statistically eliminated by partial correlation analysis. SDS-unextractable high molecular weight polymeric proteins had positive partial correlations with percent vitreous kernel content and breadmaking parameters, including mix time and bread loaf volume. SDS-extractable protein fractions that were eluted before the primary gliadin peak had positive partial correlations with kernel hardness and water absorption parameters. The proportion of main gliadin fractions in total protein had a negative partial correlation with bread loaf volume and positive correlations with kernel hardness and water absorption parameters. Intrasample uniformity in protein MWD and kernel characteristics was estimated from three kernel subsamples that were separated according to single kernel protein content within individual wheat samples by a single-kernel near-infrared sorter. Wheat subsamples were significantly different in protein MWD. Intrasample uniformity in protein MWD did not differ greatly among wheat samples. C1 [Ohm, Jae-Bom; Hareland, Gary] ARS, USDA, RRVARC,NCSL, Cereal Crops Res Unit,Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Q, Fargo, ND USA. [Simsek, Senay] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford] ARS, USDA, CGAHR, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit,Hard Winter Wheat Qu, Manhattan, KS USA. [Maghirang, Elizabeth; Dowell, Floyd] ARS, USDA, CGAHR, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Ohm, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, RRVARC,NCSL, Cereal Crops Res Unit,Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Q, Fargo, ND USA. EM jae.ohm@ars.usda.gov FU CRIS [5442-43440-008-00D] FX We gratefully acknowledge breeders and personnel at NDSU experimental station. We are grateful to Angela Ostenson, Dehdra Puhr, Dale Hanson, and Jadeite Wear for technical assistance. We also appreciate Steven Xu and Toi Tsilo for careful review. Part of this work was supported by CRIS Project No. 5442-43440-008-00D. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-06-10-0088 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600008 ER PT J AU Inatsu, Y Bari, ML Kitagawa, T Kawasaki, S Juneja, VK Kawamotoi, S AF Inatsu, Y. Bari, M. L. Kitagawa, T. Kawasaki, S. Juneja, Vijay K. Kawamotoi, S. TI The Effect of Repeated Sodium Hypochlorite Exposure on Chlorine Resistance Development in Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157:H7; sodium hydrochloride; resistance ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES BIOFILMS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; INACTIVATION; SALMONELLA; O157-H7; ACID; STARVATION; MECHANISMS; VIABILITY; BACTERIA AB Chlorine water has been widely used to reduce viable bacterial contamination on food surfaces and sanitize processing facilities. The emergence and spread of microorganisms with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is a major public health problem. This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the possibility that E. coli O157:H7 can acquire chlorine resistance and subsequent induction of cross-resistance to chlorine water. In addition, the occurrence of spontaneous chlorine resistance mutations or a higher mutation rate introduced by chemical mutations as compared to the standard was also examined. Comparisons of bacterial viability, cellular activity and susceptibility to antibiotics before and after repeated cycles of enrichment cultivation were performed. There were no significant changes observed in bactericidal sensitivity during repeated cultivation in both NTG treated and non-treated cells (n = 6, P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activity of cellular respiration enzymes, oxidative stress related gene expression and susceptibility to antibiotics observed in both the NaClO treated samples (n=8, P<0.01) as compared to the control. These results suggested that it might be difficult for E. coli O157:H7 to acquire resistance to chlorine solution even though the bacteria were exposed to NaClO and continued to proliferate. C1 [Inatsu, Y.; Kitagawa, T.; Kawasaki, S.; Kawamotoi, S.] Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Bari, M. L.] Univ Dhaka, Ctr Adv Res Sci, Food Anal & Res Lab, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Inatsu, Y (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM inatu@affrc.go.jp FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [DI-7203] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (Research project for ensuring food safety from farm to table DI-7203). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1344-6606 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL RES JI Food Sci. Technol. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 607 EP 612 DI 10.3136/fstr.16.607 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 701NQ UT WOS:000285825000013 ER PT J AU Zhao, D Mulvaney, S Chinnaswamy, R Rayas-Duarte, P Allvin, B Wang, M AF Zhao, Dongjun Mulvaney, Steven Chinnaswamy, Rangan Rayas-Duarte, Patricia Allvin, Bo Wang, Min TI Elastic properties of gluten representing different wheat classes SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gluten; Rheology; Creep-recovery; Tensile ID DOUGH; SUBUNITS AB Traditional instruments used to evaluate dough and/or gluten rheological properties do not provide unambiguous separation of elastic and viscous behaviors. Recovery after shear creep and cyclic large deformation cyclic tensile testing were used here to decouple elastic and viscous effects. A large variation in the recoverable shear strain (similar to 7.2% to similar to 28%) was seen for glutens from 15 U.S. popular common wheat cultivars with varying HMW subunits. Sedimentation values ranged from 29 to 57 ml for 12 hard wheat cultivars and 15 to 22 ml for three soft wheat cultivars. The tensile force at 500% extension ranged from 0.12 to 0.67 N for hard wheat glutens and from 0.10 to 0.20 for soft wheat glutens. However, the recoverable work after large extension was less than 40% of the total work of extension. In addition, recoverable work in tensile testing was highly correlated with the total work of extension (r(2) = 0.97) and mixograph mix times (r(2) = 0.81). Good to excellent bread volume was obtained for several cultivars from this sample set. This suggests that optimizing water absorption for mixing doughs to achieve maximal bread volume compensates for the wide range of viscoelastic behaviors of gluten. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Dongjun; Mulvaney, Steven] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chinnaswamy, Rangan] USDA GIPSA, Natl Grain Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. [Rayas-Duarte, Patricia] Oklahoma State Univ, Robert M Kerr Food & Agr Prod Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Allvin, Bo] Perten Instruments AB, Huddinge, Sweden. [Wang, Min] Univ NW Agr & Forestry, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Mulvaney, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sjm7@cornell.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 432 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.07.007 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 701HD UT WOS:000285808100015 ER PT J AU Jonnala, RS Irmak, S MacRitchie, F Bean, SR AF Jonnala, Ramakanth S. Irmak, Sibel MacRitchie, Finlay Bean, Scott R. TI Phenolics in the bran of waxy wheat and triticale lines SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phenolic acid; Waxy wheat; Triticale; Near-isogenic lines ID HEALTHGRAIN DIVERSITY SCREEN; 3 WX GENES; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; HIGH-AMYLOSE; FRACTIONS; EXTRACTS; DISEASE; STARCH; ACIDS; VARIETIES AB The present study was designed to determine total phenolic acid contents (TPC) and compositions of bran from newly developed near-isogenic waxy wheat and triticale translocation lines. Two waxy wheat sets, Svevo (durum) and N11 (bread wheat), consisting of partial and waxy null lines and four sets of triticales (GDS7, Trim, Rhino and Rigel) having translocations at 1A.1D and 1R.1D with high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) 5 + 10 and 2 + 12 were investigated. Similar to non-waxy wheat, ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic acid found in waxy wheats analyzed. Two other major phenolics include p-coumaric and vanillic acids followed by lesser quantities of syringic acid. Waxy lines had higher TPC than the parent line in the N11 set, whereas the Svevo set showed the opposite trend. TPC of waxy bread wheats were correlated with amylose fractions in which the order was complete waxy < double waxy nulls < single waxy nulls. Lines with HMW-GS 2 + 12 have lower TPC than other lines in each group of triticales, except the Trim set. TPC was negatively correlated (r = -0.41; p > 0.1) with bran yields in triticale lines studied, indicating that variation in phenolics was not only due to bran yields but also to genotypic differences. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jonnala, Ramakanth S.; Irmak, Sibel; MacRitchie, Finlay] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Irmak, Sibel] Cukurova Univ, Dept Chem, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Bean, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Jonnala, RS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jsr369@gmail.com OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.07.013 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 701HD UT WOS:000285808100027 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, LA Ziemer, C Lizewski, SE Ringeisen, BR Henry, K Biffinger, JC AF Fitzgerald, L. A. Ziemer, C. Lizewski, S. E. Ringeisen, B. R. Henry, K. Biffinger, J. C. TI Microbial treatment of swine fecal waste to generate long-chain linear alkanes after fast pyrolysis SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International Biotechnology Symposium and Exhibition (IBS-2008) CY SEP 14-18, 2010 CL Rimini, ITALY DE Biofuel; Waste remediation; Renewable aviation fuel; Pyrolysis C1 [Ziemer, C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 150 SU 1 BP S151 EP S151 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.392 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 741OQ UT WOS:000288873401054 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Moon, J AF Liu, Z. L. Moon, J. TI New Aldehyde Reductase Genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Contribute in situ Detoxification of Lignocellulose-to-Ethanol Conversion Inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International Biotechnology Symposium and Exhibition (IBS-2008) CY SEP 14-18, 2010 CL Rimini, ITALY C1 [Liu, Z. L.; Moon, J.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 150 SU 1 BP S21 EP S21 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.068 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 741OQ UT WOS:000288873400052 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Qureshi, N Nichols, NN Cotta, MA AF Saha, B. C. Qureshi, N. Nichols, N. N. Cotta, M. A. TI Fuel Ethanol Production from Agricultural Residues: Current Status and Future Prospects SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International Biotechnology Symposium and Exhibition (IBS-2008) CY SEP 14-18, 2010 CL Rimini, ITALY DE Biotechnology for bioenergy; Fuel ethanol; Agricultural residues; Wheat straw; Recombinant ethanologenic bacterium; Integrated bioprocess technology C1 [Saha, B. C.; Qureshi, N.; Nichols, N. N.; Cotta, M. A.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 150 SU 1 BP S12 EP S13 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.048 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 741OQ UT WOS:000288873400032 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Karthikeyan, R Gentry, T Srinivasan, R AF Harmel, R. D. Karthikeyan, R. Gentry, T. Srinivasan, R. TI EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT, LAND USE, AND WATERSHED SCALE ON E-COLI CONCENTRATIONS IN RUNOFF AND STREAMFLOW SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Fecal bacteria; Surface water; TMDL; Watershed planning; Water quality ID BACTERIA SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION; FECAL BACTERIA; E. COLI; NEW-ZEALAND; TRANSPORT; MANURE; MODEL; FATE; SOIL; QUALITY AB Fecal contamination of surface waters is a critical water quality concern with serious human health implications. Many states use Escherichia coli as an indicator organism for fecal contamination and apply watershed models to develop and support bacterial Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs); however, model applicability is greatly restricted due to the sparse availability of E. coli data for validation and calibration at various scales. Similarly, watershed-scale information on the effects of management practices and land use on E. coli fate and transport is limited. Thus, this study was designed to measure E. coli concentrations in edge-of-field runoff and in streams with various agricultural management practices, land uses, and watershed scales. Results showed that application of dairy compost to pasture, cultivated, and mixed land use sites did not significantly affect E. coli concentrations in runoff at the field scale. In contrast, grazed sites had significantly higher runoff E. coli concentrations than cultivated sites, but the increase cannot be attributed solely to grazing cattle. No significant differences in E. coli concentrations were determined for presumably "impacted" and "unimpacted" rural streams with differing anthropogenic inputs, which highlights the challenges of managing and regulating bacterial contamination. The results also showed that E. coli concentrations consistently decreased as watershed scale increased from field to small watershed to river basin scale. Results from this study highlight the importance of considering all potential sources (including animal feeding operations, wastewater treatment plants and on-site systems, cultivated and pasture fields, wildlife, and streambed resuspension) to properly assess E. coli contamination in rural watersheds. Results also demonstrated the need for an improved basic scientific understanding of fecal bacteria in the environment to reduce the substantial uncertainty associated with assessing, modeling, managing, and regulating bacterial contamination. C1 [Harmel, R. D.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Karthikeyan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Gentry, T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM daren.harmel@ars.usda.gov RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009; Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 FU Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board FX This research was a component of the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Funding for this project was also provided by the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board. We recognize Trixie De lisle for her dedication and expertise in performing sample collection. We also want to thank the Melde, Patton, and Schrank families for their wonderful cooperation on this project. The anonymous reviewers, along with Carl Bolster and Ashok Mishra who reviewed previous versions of the manuscript, also deserve recognition for their contribution. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1833 EP 1841 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 702OV UT WOS:000285904900009 ER PT J AU Blomberg, LA Schreier, L Li, RW AF Blomberg, Le Ann Schreier, Lori Li, Robert W. TI Characteristics of Pen-Implantation Porcine Concepti Population and Maternal Milieu Influence the Transcriptome Profile SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID HUMAN TROPHOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; FACTORS TGF-BETA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER; IN-VITRO; ELONGATION; ESTROGEN; SURVIVAL; SWINE AB Asynchrony of trophectoderm elongation, gestational days 11-12, is evident in porcine concepti, and rapid progression through this phase has been associated with conceptus competency. The goal of the current study was to determine the extent of transcriptomic responses of concepti to developmental delay and their physiological implications. Gestational day 11 concepti with the same morphology, ovoid and 7-8 mm, were isolated and designated as control or developmentally delayed if collected from a homogenous ovoid conceptus population or heterogeneous conceptus population (ovoid to filamentous), respectively. Total RNA prepared from four distinct control and four distinct developmentally delayed concepti, was analyzed using an Agilent high-density custom porcine microarray. Two hundred nine transcripts were found differentially expressed between normal and developmentally delayed concepti. Functional analysis of these genes indicated that a significant number of the genes regulate signal transduction/transcription, organismal development, metabolism, and cell adhesion and can be modulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1). Ten genes were selected for real-time PCR validation of differential expression based on a known role in steroid synthesis, endometrium receptivity, and modulation of trophoblast differentiation/growth or interaction with TGF beta 1. As in the microarray, all except one, achaete scute complex homolog 2, were preferentially up-regulated in delayed concepti. Overall, findings suggested that despite similar morphology, the transcriptome of developmentally delayed concepti is distinct from control counterparts. Also highlighted were ways by which the conceptus' microenvironment might be affected and developmental factors that may be of interest to interrogate further to determine if, and how, they affect embryo competency/elongation. C1 [Blomberg, Le Ann] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Robert W.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blomberg, LA (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200,Rm 22,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leann.blomberg@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS CRIS [1265-31000-094] FX The authors would like to thank to Russ Lange, Clayton Wieben, Jim Piatt, and Dale Buschling for their help with animal management; Dr. Neil Talbot for providing technical assistance with animal management through Paul Graninger; Dr. Jeremy Miles, Dr. H. David Guthrie, and Dr. Julie Long for review of the manuscript. This study was supported by USDA ARS CRIS Project No, 1265-31000-094. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 77 IS 11 BP 978 EP 989 DI 10.1002/mrd.21253 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 692PQ UT WOS:000285165400007 PM 21104768 ER PT J AU Martin, AE Wipfli, MS Spangler, RE AF Martin, Aaron E. Wipfli, Mark S. Spangler, Robert E. TI Aquatic Community Responses to Salmon Carcass Analog and Wood Bundle Additions in Restored Floodplain Habitats in an Alaskan Stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WINTER REARING HABITAT; OREGON COASTAL STREAMS; COPPER RIVER DELTA; DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Land use activities often directly and indirectly limit the capacity of freshwater habitats to produce fish. Consequently, habitat creation and enhancement actions are often undertaken to increase the quantity and quality of resources available to aquatic communities within these impaired systems, with the intent to increase fish production. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether aquatic community colonization and development could be accelerated through additions of woody debris bundles and marine-derived nutrients (via salmon carcass analog pellets) and (2) measure how aquatic communities (biofilm, invertebrates, and fish) respond to these additions after the creation of off-channel (alcove) fish habitat in a stream in south-central Alaska. Biofilm, invertebrates, and juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were sampled in four treatments (control, wood, analog, and analog plus wood). Biofilm chlorophyll-alpha concentrations were 4-10 times higher in analog-enriched treatments than in the control and wood treatments. No treatment effects were detected in benthic invertebrate density; however, treatment differences were detected in coho salmon diets, with nearly twice the amount of invertebrate abundance and biomass (primarily various dipteran, ephemeropteran, and plecopteran larvae) in the analog and analog plus wood treatments compared with the control and wood treatments. Juvenile coho salmon density and biomass were significantly higher in the wood treatment than in the analog plus wood treatment, and fish in the control showed possible signs of density-dependent limitation. Further, body condition of juvenile coho salmon was highest in the two analog-enriched treatments at the end of the study; juveniles in these habitats showed nearly two times the condition increase of fish inhabiting the control and wood treatment alcoves. These results demonstrate that the combination of salmon carcass analog and woody debris bundle additions aids in the short-term development of aquatic communities in newly created off-channel habitats, providing a boost in limited resources such as food and shelter. C1 [Martin, Aaron E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Spangler, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Martin, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM aaron_e_martin@fws.gov NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1828 EP 1845 DI 10.1577/T09-096.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500019 ER PT J AU Derksen, RC Ranger, CM Canas, LA Zhu, H Krause, CR AF Derksen, R. C. Ranger, C. M. Canas, L. A. Zhu, H. Krause, C. R. TI GREENHOUSE EVALUATION OF AIR-ASSIST DELIVERY PARAMETERS FOR MATURE POINSETTIAS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Poinsettia; Sprayers; Droplet; Air-assisted sprayers; Greenhouse; Spray deposition ID FIELD-EVALUATION; DEPOSITION; COTTON AB Understanding the performance characteristics of application equipment is important for helping make the most efficacious applications. While handguns making high volume applications are common in greenhouse production, it is difficult to achieve uniform distribution of product in a timely manner. Broadcast applications made using air-assistance can help aid canopy penetration and the volume of carrier required to make applications. The objectives of this research were to determine how air-assist sprayer application parameters influence spray deposits on the undersides of leaves in a mature poinsettia canopy. Bench-top trials were conducted using a motorized boom inside a greenhouse to treat a mature and dense poinsettia canopy. Sprayer treatments applied a tank mix of water and fluorescent tracer. Nylon screen targets were secured to the underside surfaces of leaves in the upper and lower elevation of target plants. A five-port, air-assist nozzle with flat fan nozzle tips was used to make the applications. Three air outlet speeds, two travel speeds, and three nozzle flow rates were evaluated. Each treatment was replicated three times. Spray deposits were highly variable. Upper elevation spray deposits were significantly greater than lower elevation deposits. Individually, higher air outlet speed (36.0 m s(-1)), slower travel speed (3.2 km h(-1)), and higher nozzle flow rate (1.17 L min(-1)) tended to produce higher sprayer deposits on the underside surfaces of leaves. The combination of travel speed and nozzle flow rate that produced the highest application rate (900 L ha(-1)) also produced the highest deposits. There was a 500% increase in underside leaf surface deposits in the lower canopy area for a corresponding 500% increase in application rate. However, the main effects produced no significant differences in spray deposits in the lower canopy area. Further improvements in directing sprays or providing canopy turbulence are necessary to improve deposition and management of insect pests feeding on the underside of poinsettia leaves. C1 [Derksen, R. C.; Ranger, C. M.; Zhu, H.; Krause, C. R.] USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Canas, L. A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH USA. RP Derksen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM rich.derksen@ars.usda.gov RI Canas, Luis/A-5651-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 947 EP 953 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 704EJ UT WOS:000286033600001 ER PT J AU Funk, PA Walker, SJ AF Funk, P. A. Walker, S. J. TI EVALUATION OF FIVE GREEN CHILE CULTIVARS UTILIZING FIVE DIFFERENT HARVEST MECHANISMS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; Chilis; Harvest efficiency; Specialty crop mechanization ID PEPPER HARVESTER AB High cost and unavailability of labor for hand harvest has resulted in domestic green chile production declining even as consumption grows. Mechanization is clearly necessary, but has resisted four decades of research and development. In these trials five picking mechanisms were tested in five cultivars in two fields in New Mexico in 2008. Harvest efficiency was 4.1% to 88%, with 11% to 48% mechanical damage, for a net collection of marketable fruit that ranged from 26% to 78% of total yield. An inclined counter-rotating double open-helix design with a low relative tip speed and a clear product path had both the highest harvest efficiency and lowest fruit damage. C1 [Funk, P. A.] USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. [Walker, S. J.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Funk, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM paul.funk@ars.usda.gov FU New Mexico Chile Association FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the New Mexico Chile Association for partial financial support and for the pleasure of working with a team of congenial colleagues. Special thanks to Vince Hernandez, who provided the harvest platform as well as substantial technical and moral support. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 955 EP 964 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 704EJ UT WOS:000286033600002 ER PT J AU Moco, MKS Gama-Rodrigues, EF Gama-Rodrigues, AC Machado, RCR Baligar, VC AF Moco, Maria Kellen S. Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela F. Gama-Rodrigues, Antonio Carlos Machado, Regina C. R. Baligar, Virupax C. TI Relationships between invertebrate communities, litter quality and soil attributes under different cacao agroforestry systems in the south of Bahia, Brazil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil invertebrates; Environmental variables; Path analysis; Rain forest; Structural community ID LAND-USE SYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; FAUNA; DIVERSITY; COLLEMBOLA; ECOSYSTEM; BIOMASS; MEXICO; TREE AB This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between soil and litter attributes to soil and litter fauna, and further to determine which of these attributes would be most significant in explaining the distribution of faunal communities in cacao agroforestry systems in the south of Bahia, Brazil. Soil and litter samples were collected in five cacao agroforestry systems: a cacao system renewed under Erythrina sp. (CRE); a cacao system renewed under natural forest (Cabruca-CRF); a cacao system under Erythrina sp. (CE); a cacao system under a natural forest system (Cabruca-CNF) and a cacao germplasm collection area (CGC). Soil and litter samples were also collected from natural forest (NF) near the agroforestry systems. The path analysis was used to evaluate the interdependencies among a set of variables including direct and indirect test effects that can be mediated by an intermediary variable. An average of 1367 (+/-126.5) individuals m(-2) and 10 (+/-0.3) taxa per sample were found under these areas. Soil attributes and litter quality under different cacao agroforestry systems affected the diversity of the soil and litter fauna, and these attributes are potential regulators of the fauna functional groups. The chemical components related to acidity, nutrition, and palatability are most decisive for abundant and diverse soil and litter fauna. Attributes which affected soil fauna in cacao agroforestry systems included mainly pH and bulk density in soil and polyphenols and lignin content in the litter. The faunal communities were more sensitive to litter quality than soil quality. Litter management could be a good practice to maintain healthy activities of the faunal community and to maintain improved ecosystem functioning in cacao agroforestry systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moco, Maria Kellen S.; Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela F.; Gama-Rodrigues, Antonio Carlos] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Soil Lab, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Baligar, Virupax C.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gama-Rodrigues, EF (reprint author), UENF CCTA LSOL, Av Alberto Lamego 2000, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. EM emanuela@uenf.br NR 62 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.10.006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702OG UT WOS:000285903400006 ER PT J AU Bae, JH Hou, CT Kim, HR AF Bae, Jae-Han Hou, Ching T. Kim, Hak-Ryul TI Thermostable Lipoxygenase is a Key Enzyme in the Conversion of Linoleic Acid to Trihydroxy-octadecenoic Acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lipoxygenase; hydroxy fatty acid; linoleic acid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; thermostable enzyme ID (9,12,13)-TRIHYDROXY-11E (10E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; OLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; THERMOACTINOMYCES-VULGARIS; COMPOUND; INTERMEDIATE; EXPRESSION; CATALYSIS; PATHWAY; CLONING AB Lipoxygenases (LOXs) constitute a family of lipid-peroxidizing enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid containing a (1Z,42)-pentadiene structural unit, leading to formation of conjugated (Z,E)hydroperoxydienoic acid LOXs are known to be widely distributed in plants and animals Recently, several microbial LOXs were reported to be involved in the production of hydroperoxy fatty acids Among the microorganisms that produce hydroxy fatty acids, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 is known to convert linoleic acid to trihydroxy fatty acid, which suggests the involvement of a LOX enzyme Based on these reports, we identified a novel thermostable LOX from P aeruginosa PR3 strain The protein was purified 34 3-fold with a recovery rate of 5 14% The K(m) and V(max) values of the purified enzyme were 3 57 mM and 0 73 mu mol/min//mg, respectively Heat stability of the purified enzyme was unexpectedly high with an LD(50) of 90 mm at 80 degrees C, although P aeruginosa PR3 is known as a mesophilic bacterium Substrate specificity of the purified enzyme was restricted only to unsaturated fatty acids carrying a (1Z,4Z)-pentadiene unit C1 [Bae, Jae-Han; Kim, Hak-Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hou, Ching T.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bae, JH (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-521-F00065] FX This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-521-F00065) NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU KOREAN SOC BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING PI SEOUL PA KOREAN SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CENTER, #704 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8372 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E JI Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1030 DI 10.1007/s12257-010-0273-y PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 701ZE UT WOS:000285862900018 ER PT J AU Corp, LA Middleton, EM Campbell, PE Huemmrich, KF Daughtry, CST Russ, A Cheng, YB AF Corp, Lawrence A. Middleton, Elizabeth M. Campbell, Petya E. Huemmrich, K. Fred Daughtry, Craig S. T. Russ, Andrew Cheng, Yen-Ben TI Spectral indices to monitor nitrogen-driven carbon uptake in field corn SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; vegetation; reflectance; carbon; nitrogen ID RED EDGE; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; USE EFFICIENCY; MAPLE LEAVES; LEAF; RESPONSES AB Climate change is heavily impacted by changing vegetation cover and productivity with large scale monitoring of vegetation only possible with remote sensing techniques. The goal of this effort was to evaluate existing reflectance (R) spectroscopic methods for determining vegetation parameters related to photosynthetic function and carbon (C) dynamics in plants. Since nitrogen (N) is a key constituent of photosynthetic pigments and C fixing enzymes, biological C sequestration is regulated in part by N availability. Spectral R information was obtained from field corn grown at four N application rates of 0, 70, 140, 280 kg N/ha. A hierarchy of spectral observations were obtained: leaf and canopy with a spectral radiometer; aircraft with the AISA sensor; and satellite with EO-1 Hyperion. A number of spectral R indices were calculated from these hyperspectral observations and compared to geo-located biophysical measures of plant growth and physiological condition. Top performing indices included the R derivative index D(730)/D(705) and the normalized difference of R(750) vs. R(705) (ND(705)), both of which differentiated three of the four N fertilization rates at multiple observation levels and yielded high correlations with these carbon parameters: light use efficiency (LUE); C:N ratio; and crop grain yield. These results advocate the use of hyperspectral sensors for remotely monitoring carbon cycle dynamics in managed terrestrial ecosystems. C1 [Corp, Lawrence A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Campbell, Petya E.; Huemmrich, K. Fred] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Russ, Andrew] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Corp, LA (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Cheng, Yen-Ben/G-1311-2012; Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043555 DI 10.1117/1.3518455 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 704QC UT WOS:000286066500005 ER PT J AU Kang, ST Mian, MAR AF Kang, Sung-Taeg Mian, M. A. Rouf TI Powdery mildew resistance in soybean PI 243540 is controlled by a single dominant gene SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microsphaera diffusa; powdery mildew; soybean; resistance ID APHID RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; YIELD; RMD; PI-243540; RPS2; RJ2; MAP AB Kang, S. K. and Mian, M. A. R. 2010. Powdery mildew resistance in soybean PI 243540 is controlled by a single dominant gene. Can J. Plant Sci. 90: 939-942. Powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa Cooke & Peck) is a common disease of soybean in many countries of the world, including the northern United States of America and parts of Canada. The genetic resistance of soybean to M. diffusa is known to be controlled by a single locus with three alleles designated as Rind, Rind-c and rind. Identification and characterization of sources of resistance is a prerequisite for the development of resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in a plant introduction (PI) from Japan, PI 243540. The inheritance of powdery mildew was determined in a segregating population from a cross between powdery mildew susceptible Ohio cultivar Wyandot and PI 243540. The parents and the progeny showed a consistent response to powdery mildew for all growth stages of plants. The two parents, the F(1), F(2), and F(2:3) families from the cross were screened in a greenhouse and field following inoculation with M. diffusa. All F(1) plants were resistant to M. diffusa and chi(2) analysis for segregation in the population of 343 F(2) plants indicated a tight fit for a 3:1 (P = 0.78) ratio, indicative of a single dominant gene. In the next generation, the 334 F(2)-derived families fit an expected 1 resistant:2 segregating:1 susceptible segregation ratio (P = 0.88), which confirmed the results obtained in the F(2) generation. Our results indicate that the powdery mildew resistance derived from PI 243540 is controlled by a single dominant gene linked to the Rmd/ Rmd-c/rmd locus. The simple inheritance of this gene should make it relatively easy to find linked DNA markers and transfer the gene to susceptible elite cultivars using the backcross breeding approach. C1 [Kang, Sung-Taeg; Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kang, Sung-Taeg; Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kang, Sung-Taeg] RDA, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu FU USDA-ARS; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-677-F00001] FX We thank Jane Todd, Tim Mendiola, and Scott Beil for their technical help in this study. This study was supported by USDA-ARS. It was also partly supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-677-F00001). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 90 IS 6 BP 939 EP 942 DI 10.4141/CJPS09070 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 701JT UT WOS:000285814900019 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Clarkson, P Goldstein, MI Haig, SM Lanctot, RB Tessler, DF Zwiefelhofer, D AF Johnson, Matthew Clarkson, Peter Goldstein, Michael I. Haig, Susan M. Lanctot, Richard B. Tessler, David F. Zwiefelhofer, Denny TI SEASONAL MOVEMENTS, WINTER RANGE USE, AND MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY OF THE BLACK OYSTERCATCHER SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Black Oystercatcher; British Columbia; Haematopus bachmani; migration; migratory connectivity; satellite telemetry ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ALASKA; POPULATION; TRANSMITTERS; PRODUCTIVITY; SHOREBIRDS; TRANSPORT; SUCCESS; DUCKS; GULF AB The Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) is an intertidal obligate along North America's Pacific coast and a species of high conservation concern (population size 8900-11 000 individuals). Understanding birds' movements and space use throughout the annual cycle has become paramount in the face of changing environmental conditions, and intertidal species may be particularly vulnerable to habitat change due to anticipated sea-level rise associated with climate change and increasing coastal development. Conservation of the Black Oystercatcher is hindered by a lack of information on the species' nonbreeding distribution, seasonal movements, and habitat connectivity. Using satellite (n = 19) and VHF (n = 19) radio transmitters, we tracked Black Oystercatchers from five breeding sites (Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Kodiak Island, Prince William Sound, Middleton Island, and Juneau, Alaska) through one and one half annual cycles (May 2007-Dec 2008). We documented medium- to long-distance migration (range of migration distance 130-1667 km) in three populations (Prince William Sound, Middleton Island, and Juneau) and year-round residency in two others (Kodiak and Vancouver Island). We observed variation in the timing and length of migration by study site, and individual birds demonstrated fidelity to breeding and nonbreeding sites. We did not observe strong migratory connectivity. Migratory oystercatchers distributed themselves widely along the coasts of British Columbia and southeast Alaska during winter. Results provide baseline information on the Black Oystercatcher's movements and space use throughout the annual cycle. C1 [Johnson, Matthew; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Clarkson, Peter] Pacific Rim Natl Pk Reserve Canada, Ucluelet, BC V0R 3A0, Canada. [Goldstein, Michael I.] USDA Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tessler, David F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Zwiefelhofer, Denny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM matthew_johnson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge); Alaska State Wildlife Grant; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Parks Canada (Pacific Rim National Park); U.S. Geological Survey (Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center); U.S. Forest Service (Alaska Region, Chugach National Forest and Tongass National Forest) FX We thank D. Mulcahy and G. Myers for their assistance implanting satellite transmitters, D. Douglas for assistance with PTT location data, and N. Peimann for his generous support of this research. M. Bray, B. Brown, F. Bruhwiler, B. Guzzetti, J. Lewis, N. Maryanski, A. Poe, and S. Youngstrom provided assistance in the field. Financial support was received from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge), Alaska State Wildlife Grant Program, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Parks Canada (Pacific Rim National Park), the U.S. Geological Survey (Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center), U.S. Forest Service (Alaska Region, Chugach National Forest and Tongass National Forest). This research was conducted in accordance with the laws of the United States and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Oregon State University (3535) and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (07-096). Any use of trade, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 40 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 731 EP 743 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090215 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700012 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Shaw, D Sinclair, PH Johnson, JA Corcoran, RM Dau, NC Meyers, PM Rojek, NA AF Matsuoka, Steven M. Shaw, David Sinclair, Pamela H. Johnson, James A. Corcoran, Robin M. Dau, Niels C. Meyers, Paul M. Rojek, Nora A. TI NESTING ECOLOGY OF THE RUSTY BLACKBIRD IN ALASKA AND CANADA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Canada; Euphagus carolinus; nesting ecology; nest-site selection; nest success; nest survival; Rusty Blackbird ID ARTIFICIAL SONGBIRD NESTS; PASSERINE BIRDS; RED SQUIRRELS; CLUTCH-SIZE; LONG-TERM; SURVIVAL; PREDATION; FOREST; SUCCESS; HABITAT AB We examined the nesting ecology of the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) from 162 nests monitored for nest survival in Alaska and 252 incidental records from Alaska and Canada to identify important habitats for nesting and to test whether low rates of nest success are contributing to populations declines in Alaska. In coastal Alaska and throughout Canada, nests were primarily in conifers (85% of 212 nests). All conifer nests in Alaska and 80% of those in Canada were placed in spruce (Picea spp.), primarily black spruce (P. mariana). In Alaska use of small spruces (<8 cm dbh) was selective and resulted in high reproductive success-nest survival increased with black spruce density, and success of nests in spruce (79%) was higher than that of nests in deciduous vegetation (52%). Survival of nests in taller spruce declined, possibly from predation by red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Rusty Blackbirds nested near water in interior (<(x)over bar> = 8 m) and south-central Alaska ((x) over bar = 30 m), and small spruces near water appear to be important over much of the species' range. In interior Alaska, however, most nests were in willows (78%), which dominated the vegetation near water. Nest success in Alaska averaged 56%, similar to rates over the same period in New England but higher than those of other North American blackbirds (30-39%). Studies are needed to verify whether nest survival is also high in Canada and to investigate where and why deficits in survival of adults or juveniles may be limiting population growth. C1 [Matsuoka, Steven M.; Johnson, James A.; Dau, Niels C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Shaw, David] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5B7, Canada. [Corcoran, Robin M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mcgrath, AK 99627 USA. [Meyers, Paul M.] USDA Forest Serv, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Rojek, Nora A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Endangered Species Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Shaw, David] Alaska Bird Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM steve.matsuoka@ales.ualberta.ca FU Department of Defense; Canadian Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service (Region 10); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 7) FX We are grateful to all of the people that had the foresight to document their observations of nesting Rusty Blackbirds over the past century. We sincerely thank the many people participating in our studies in Alaska: F. Allen, L. DeCicco, H. Griese, S. Grimes, A. Johnson, E. Lance, R. Oates, L. Pajot, J. Terenzi, D. Tessler, G. Volper, and D. Welsh (Anchorage); E. Cooper, J. Fode, D. Loomis, and M. Truex (Copper River); N. DeWitt, S. Geurs, N. Hajdukovich, A. Harding, J. Jenkins, D. Kildaw, M. Kuter, C. Latty, J. Mizel, R. Ring, T. Swem, E. Whidden, and J. Zelenak (Fairbanks); C. Fisher, A. Harding, J. Montgomery, R. Rabinovitz, and L. Sweikert (Tanana Flats); and R. Rabinovitz (Tetlin). We are grateful to Bird Studies Canada and the provincial nest-record schemes coordinated by the Federation of Alberta Naturalists, the Royal Ontario Museum, the Canadian Museum of Nature, and Environment Canada for providing access to nest-record data from Canada, and to M. Mossop for transcribing data from these nest-record cards to the ProjectNestWatch database. M. Bertram, M. Cady, C. Hardwood, K. Martin, and K. Sowl generously provided unpublished records of nesting Rusty Blackbirds in Alaska. We are particularly grateful to A. Amji, D. Battle, C. Gardner, H. Griese, and C. McKee for providing logistical support for our work on military lands in Alaska and to B. Johnson for supporting our work at Tetlin. We thank N. DeWitt and S. Sharbaugh for advice on study designs and S. Droege, C. Eberly, K. Hannah, and T. Swem for encouraging us to focus our attention on breeding Rusty Blackbirds in Alaska. We are grateful to R. Greenberg, L. Powell, and an anonymous reviewer for improving earlier versions of the manuscript. Finally, we thank the members of the International Rusty Blackbird Working Group for engaging us in the rangewide research and conservation of this declining species. This project was generously funded by the Department of Defense's Legacy Resource Management Program, Canadian Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service (Region 10), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 7). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 810 EP 824 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100149 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700020 ER PT J AU Mettke-Hofmann, C Sinclair, PH Hamel, PB Greenberg, R AF Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia Sinclair, Pamela H. Hamel, Paul B. Greenberg, Russell TI IMPLICATIONS OF PREBASIC AND A PREVIOUSLY UNDESCRIBED PREALTERNATE MOLT FOR AGING RUSTY BLACKBIRDS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE age determination; Euphagus carolinus; Icteridae; molt limit; prealternate molt; prebasic molt; Rusty Blackbird ID WINTERING GROUNDS; STABLE-ISOTOPES AB Aging birds often relies on differences in plumage between immatures and adults, and understanding these patterns can improve our ability to discern demographic patterns within populations. We investigated patterns of prebasic molt of the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) in fall at Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, and developed a new technique for aging based on characteristics of the head plumage acquired during prebasic molt. Furthermore, we investigated the possibility of a prealternate molt among wintering Rusty Blackbirds on the basis of captures in Mississippi and museum specimens from across the species' winter range. Finally, we examined how a prealternate molt might affect the aging of winter birds by plumage. Rusty Blackbirds completed their prebasic molt by the end of September, and immature birds had a more prominent eye ring and a paler chin than adults, allowing a reliable age determination. Previously, the Rusty Blackbird was thought to attain its breeding plumage through feather wear exclusively, but we discovered a partial prealternate molt in our examinations of live captures (76% molting) and museum specimens (59% molting). The prealternate molt was observed in all age and sex classes, was concentrated along the feather tracts of the head, and peaked in occurrence from mid-February to mid-March, when nearly 90% of birds were molting. Between mid-December and mid-February, the prealternate molt did not appear to interfere with aging birds in the hand by the pattern of the eye ring and chin in basic plumage. Age determination later in the spring, however, remains to be investigated. C1 [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Sinclair, Pamela H.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5B7, Canada. [Hamel, Paul B.] US Forest Serv, So Hardwood Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mettke-Hofmann, C (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, James Parsons Bldg,Byrom St, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. EM c.c.mettke-hofmann@ljmu.ac.uk FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Canadian Wildlife Service; Friends of the National Zoo; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs; German Ethological Society; Society for Tropical Ornithology; Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation FX We thank the USDA Forest Service's Center for Bottomland Hardwoods and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex for providing us housing and logistical support. The Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, Jackson; University of Mississippi, Oxford; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC; and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, kindly provided museum specimens. The Theodore Roosevelt NWR Complex, Leroy Percy State Park, Delta National Forest, Delta Research and Extension Center, Frederick Ballard, and other farmers kindly permitted our work on their lands. We very much thank our field assistants Kathryn Hayden, Catherine Ricketts, Diane Likata, Kevin Wright, and Gerhard Hofmann. We also thank Katie Aitken, Debbie van de Wetering, Albert Creek Bird Observatory, and Teslin Lake Bird Observatory for assistance with the Yukon work. This project was generously funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey (Quick Response Grant), the Canadian Wildlife Service, Friends of the National Zoo, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs, German Ethological Society, Society for Tropical Ornithology, and Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation. We greatly thank Dean Demarest and Sam Droege for their continuous support. Bob Mulvihill, Steve Matsuoka, and an anonymous referee provided helpful comments. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 854 EP 861 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100150 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700025 ER EF