FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Nelson, JC McClung, AM Fjellstrom, RG Moldenhauer, KAK Boza, E Jodari, F Oard, JH Linscombe, S Scheffler, BE Yeater, KM AF Nelson, J. C. McClung, A. M. Fjellstrom, R. G. Moldenhauer, K. A. K. Boza, E. Jodari, F. Oard, J. H. Linscombe, S. Scheffler, B. E. Yeater, K. M. TI Mapping QTL main and interaction influences on milling quality in elite US rice germplasm SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; GRAIN QUALITY; HEADING DATE; LINKAGE MAP; ENVIRONMENTAL COVARIABLES; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; EPISTATIC INTERACTION; COMPLEX TRAITS; PLANT HEIGHT AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) head-rice yield (HR) is a key export and domestic quality trait whose genetic control is poorly understood. With the goal of identifying genomic regions influencing HR, quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) mapping was carried out for quality-related traits in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from crosses of common parent Cypress, a high-HR US japonica cultivar, with RT0034, a low-HR indica line (129 RILs) and LaGrue, a low-HR japonica cultivar (298 RILs), grown in two US locations in 2005-2007. Early heading increased HR in the Louisiana (LA) but not the Arkansas (AR) location. Fitting QTL-mapping models to separate QTL main and QTL x environment interaction (QEI) effects and identify epistatic interactions revealed six main-effect HR QTLs in the two crosses, at four of which Cypress contributed the increasing allele. Multi-QTL models accounted for 0.36 of genetic and 0.21 of genetic x environment interaction of HR in MY1, and corresponding proportions of 0.25 and 0.37 in MY2. The greater HR advantage of Cypress in LA than in AR corresponded to a genomewide pattern of opposition of HR-increasing QTL effects by AR-specific effects, suggesting a selection strategy for improving this cultivar for AR. Treating year-location combinations as independent environments resulted in underestimation of QEI effects, evidently owing to lower variation among years within location than between location. Identification of robust HR QTLs in elite long-grain germplasm is suggested to require more detailed attention to the interaction of plant and grain development parameters with environmental conditions than has been given to date. C1 [Nelson, J. C.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [McClung, A. M.; Fjellstrom, R. G.] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Moldenhauer, K. A. K.; Boza, E.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr Rice Res, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Moldenhauer, K. A. K.; Boza, E.] Univ Arkansas, Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Oard, J. H.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jodari, F.] Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Biggs, CA 95917 USA. [Linscombe, S.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Rice Res Stn, Rayne, LA 70578 USA. [Scheffler, B. E.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Yeater, K. M.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Nelson, JC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jcn@ksu.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative [2004-35317-14867] FX We thank J. Delgado for all image analysis measurements; J. Cammack, K. Landry, C. Henry, P. Roberts, J. Bonnette, H. Hoffpauir, C. Conner, and J. Vawter for all milling determinations; N. Gipson for amylose content determinations; L. Murray for consultation on linear models; E. Christensen and S. Simpson for genotypic analysis; I. Roughton for fissuring determinations; and F.-M. Xie for providing the MY1 mapping population. Support for this work has been provided in part by US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative-Applied Plant Genomics Program grant 2004-35317-14867 entitled "RiceCAP: A coordinated research, education, and extension project for the application of genomic discoveries to improve rice in the United States." This is contribution 09-002-J from the Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 122 IS 2 BP 291 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1445-z PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 706DP UT WOS:000286198000005 PM 20857082 ER PT J AU Dubcovsky, J Ordon, F Perovic, D Admassu, B Friedt, W Abate, Z Zhang, W Chao, S AF Dubcovsky, J. Ordon, F. Perovic, D. Admassu, B. Friedt, W. Abate, Z. Zhang, W. Chao, S. TI Conflicting mapping results for stem rust resistance gene Sr13 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dubcovsky, J.; Abate, Z.; Zhang, W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ordon, F.; Perovic, D.; Admassu, B.] Inst Resistance Res & Stress Tolerance, Fed Res Inst Cultivated Plants JKI, Julius Kuehn Inst, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany. [Friedt, W.] Univ Giessen, Inst Crop Sci & Plant Breeding 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Chao, S.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Perovic, Dragan/C-1149-2008 OI Perovic, Dragan/0000-0002-0292-1693 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 122 IS 3 BP 659 EP 659 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1495-2 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 711NO UT WOS:000286598900019 PM 21153628 ER PT J AU Romeis, J Hellmich, RL Candolfi, MP Carstens, K De Schrijver, A Gatehouse, AMR Herman, RA Huesing, JE McLean, MA Raybould, A Shelton, AM Waggoner, A AF Romeis, Joerg Hellmich, Richard L. Candolfi, Marco P. Carstens, Keri De Schrijver, Adinda Gatehouse, Angharad M. R. Herman, Rod A. Huesing, Joseph E. McLean, Morven A. Raybould, Alan Shelton, Anthony M. Waggoner, Annabel TI Recommendations for the design of laboratory studies on non-target arthropods for risk assessment of genetically engineered plants SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Environmental risk assessment; Non-target effects; Study design; Tiered risk assessment; Transgenic crops ID PREDATOR CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; BT CORN POLLEN; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; PARASITOID COTESIA-PLUTELLAE; GALANTHUS-NIVALIS AGGLUTININ; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HETEROPTERA; TRANSGENIC CORN; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA; INSECTICIDAL PROTEINS; APIS-MELLIFERA AB This paper provides recommendations on experimental design for early-tier laboratory studies used in risk assessments to evaluate potential adverse impacts of arthropod-resistant genetically engineered (GE) plants on non-target arthropods (NTAs). While we rely heavily on the currently used proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in this discussion, the concepts apply to other arthropod-active proteins. A risk may exist if the newly acquired trait of the GE plant has adverse effects on NTAs when they are exposed to the arthropod-active protein. Typically, the risk assessment follows a tiered approach that starts with laboratory studies under worst-case exposure conditions; such studies have a high ability to detect adverse effects on non-target species. Clear guidance on how such data are produced in laboratory studies assists the product developers and risk assessors. The studies should be reproducible and test clearly defined risk hypotheses. These properties contribute to the robustness of, and confidence in, environmental risk assessments for GE plants. Data from NTA studies, collected during the analysis phase of an environmental risk assessment, are critical to the outcome of the assessment and ultimately the decision taken by regulatory authorities on the release of a GE plant. Confidence in the results of early-tier laboratory studies is a precondition for the acceptance of data across regulatory jurisdictions and should encourage agencies to share useful information and thus avoid redundant testing. C1 [Romeis, Joerg] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab Insectary,Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Candolfi, Marco P.] Innovat Environm Serv IES Ltd, CH-4108 Witterswil, Switzerland. [Carstens, Keri] Pioneer Hi Bred, Regulatory Sci, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. [De Schrijver, Adinda] Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Div Biosafety & Biotechnol, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Gatehouse, Angharad M. R.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Inst Res & Sustainabil, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Herman, Rod A.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Huesing, Joseph E.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [McLean, Morven A.] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Raybould, Alan] Syngenta, Jealotts Hill Int Res Ctr, Bracknell RG42 6EY, Berks, England. [Shelton, Anthony M.] Cornell Univ NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Waggoner, Annabel] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Romeis, J (reprint author), Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. EM joerg.romeis@art.admin.ch RI Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013 NR 121 TC 92 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11248-010-9446-x PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 705AQ UT WOS:000286100500001 PM 20938806 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Torkzaban, S Wiegmann, A AF Bradford, Scott A. Torkzaban, Saeed Wiegmann, Andreas TI Pore-Scale Simulations to Determine the Applied Hydrodynamic Torque and Colloid Immobilization SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; TO-GRAIN CONTACTS; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; ENERGY BARRIER; SHEAR-FLOW; PLANE WALL; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION; MECHANISMS; DETACHMENT AB Values of the applied hydrodynamic torque (T-applied) and the resisting adhesive torque (T-adhesion) will determine whether a colloid will be immobilized (T-applied <= T-adhesion) or roll (T-applied > T-adhesion) on a solid water interface. Previous literature has demonstrated in 1-2 collector (grain) systems that the influence of T-applied on colloid retention can be significant under unfavorable attachment conditions and that only a fraction of the solid surface may contribute to retention. However, many questions remain on how to obtain, analyze, and upscale information on the forces and torques that act on colloids near solid surfaces in porous media. To address some of these gaps in knowledge, high resolution pore-scale water flow simulations were conducted for sphere packs (25 spheres) over a range of Darcy velocities, grain sizes and distributions, and porosities. The spatial variability of T-applied was calculated from this information, and successfully described using a lognormal cumulative density function (CDF). Linear interpolation and scaling techniques were subsequently used to predict the lognormal CDF of T-applied for various colloid sizes, grain sizes and distributions, and water velocities. The lognormal CDF of T-applied was then evaluated at select values of T-adhesion (i.e, interaction energy) to quantify the fraction and locations on the solid surface that contributes to colloid retention (S-f), and the theoretical maximum solid phase concentration of retained colloids (S-max). C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wiegmann, Andreas] Fraunhofer ITWM, Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 FU USDA (ARS) [NP 206]; USDA (CS-REES, NRI) [2006-02541] FX This research was supported by the USDA (ARS, NP 206 and a grant from CS-REES, NRI, 2006-02541). NR 45 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0064 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 724JZ UT WOS:000287573300021 ER PT J AU Shephard, GS Berthiller, F Burdaspal, P Crews, C Jonker, MA Krska, R MacDonald, S Malone, B Maragos, C Sabino, M Solfrizzo, M van Egmond, HP Whitaker, TB AF Shephard, G. S. Berthiller, F. Burdaspal, P. Crews, C. Jonker, M. A. Krska, R. MacDonald, S. Malone, B. Maragos, C. Sabino, M. Solfrizzo, M. van Egmond, H. P. Whitaker, T. B. TI Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2009-2010 SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Alternaria; ergot; fumonisin; ochratoxin; patulin; trichothecenes; zearalenone; sampling ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-LABORATORY VALIDATION; LC-MS/MS METHOD; TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINES; IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN CLEANUP; AFLATOXIN M-1 LEVELS; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; BABY FOOD; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AB This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2009 and mid-2010. It covers the major mycotoxins aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. New and improved methods for mycotoxins continue to be published. Immunological-based method developments continue to be of wide interest in a broad range of formats. Multimycotoxin determination by LC-MS/MS is now being targeted at the specific ranges of mycotoxins and matrices of interest or concern to the individual laboratory. Although falling outside the main emphasis of the review, some aspects of natural occurrence have been mentioned, especially if linked to novel method developments. C1 [Shephard, G. S.] MRC, PROMEC Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Berthiller, F.; Krska, R.] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci Vienna, Dept Agrobiotechnol IFA Tulln, Ctr Analyt Chem, Christian Doppler Lab Mycotoxin Res, A-3430 Tulln, Austria. [Burdaspal, P.] Spanish Food Safety & Nutr Agcy, Natl Food Ctr, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain. [Crews, C.; MacDonald, S.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Jonker, M. A.; van Egmond, H. P.] RIKILT Inst Food Safety, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. [Malone, B.] Tril Analyt Lab, Washington, MO 63090 USA. [Maragos, C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sabino, M.] Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, BR-01246902 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Solfrizzo, M.] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Whitaker, T. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shephard, GS (reprint author), MRC, PROMEC Unit, POB 19070, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. EM gordon.shephard@mrc.ac.za OI Shephard, Gordon Seymour/0000-0002-1267-9036 NR 256 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 40 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.3920/WMJ2010.1249 PG 26 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 725FM UT WOS:000287630600001 ER PT J AU Sampietro, DA Diaz, CG Gonzalez, V Vattuone, MA Ploper, LD Catalan, CAN Ward, TJ AF Sampietro, D. A. Diaz, C. G. Gonzalez, V. Vattuone, M. A. Ploper, L. D. Catalan, C. A. N. Ward, T. J. TI Species diversity and toxigenic potential of Fusarium graminearum complex isolates from maize fields in northwest Argentina SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASPE; Fusarium meridionale; Fusarium boothii; Multilocus genotyping; Trichothecene; Population genetics ID HEAD BLIGHT PATHOGEN; POPULATION SUBDIVISION; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; CEREAL-GRAINS; SENSU-STRICTO; WHEAT; TRICHOTHECENES; MYCOTOXINS; CLADE; DEOXYNIVALENOL AB Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex) are the causal agents of ear rot in maize and Fusarium head blight of wheat and other small grain cereals. The potential of these pathogens to contaminate cereals with trichothecene mycotoxins is a health risk for both humans and animals. A survey of ear rot isolates from maize collected in northwest Argentina recovered 66 isolates belonging to the Fg complex. A multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for determination of Fg complex species and trichothecene chemotypes was used to identify 56 of these isolates as F. meridionale and 10 isolates as F. boothii. F. meridionale was fixed for the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, and all of the F. boothii isolates had the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype. The results of genetic diversity analysis based on nine variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci supported the hypothesis of genetic isolation between F. meridionale and F. boothii, and provided little evidence of geographic substructure among populations of the dominant pathogen species, F. meridionale. This is the first study to indicate that F. meridionale and F. boothii may play a substantial role in the infection and trichothecene contamination of maize in Argentina. In addition, dominance of the NIV chemotype among Fg complex isolates from Argentina is unprecedented, and of significant concern to food safety and animal production. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sampietro, D. A.; Vattuone, M. A.; Catalan, C. A. N.] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Bioquim Quim & Farm, CONICET, INQUINOA, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Diaz, C. G.] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Agron & Zootecnia, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Gonzalez, V.; Ploper, L. D.] Estn Expt Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Secc Fitopatol, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Ward, T. J.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sampietro, DA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Bioquim Quim & Farm, CONICET, INQUINOA, Espana 2903, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. EM dasampietro2006@yahoo.com.ar FU National Council (CONICET, Argentina); Fulbright Commission; CONICET; SECyT FX Dr. Sampietro wants to thank the financial support provided by National Council (CONICET, Argentina) and the Fulbright Commission. This work has been partially supported by grants from CONICET and SECyT. We thank Thomas Usgaard, Nathane Orwig, and Stacy Sink for technical assistance. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U. S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 145 IS 1 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.12.021 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 739PV UT WOS:000288731100051 PM 21277035 ER PT J AU Gotzek, D Robertson, HM Wurm, Y Shoemaker, D AF Gotzek, Dietrich Robertson, Hugh M. Wurm, Yannick Shoemaker, DeWayne TI Odorant Binding Proteins of the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta: An Example of the Problems Facing the Analysis of Widely Divergent Proteins SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SITES; DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS; CHEMOSENSORY PROTEINS; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; SUBSTITUTION MODELS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENOME ANNOTATION; GROUP HYMENOPTERA AB We describe the odorant binding proteins (OBPs) of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, obtained from analyses of an EST library and separate 454 sequencing runs of two normalized cDNA libraries. We identified a total of 18 putative functional OBPs in this ant. A third of the fire ant OBPs are orthologs to honey bee OBPs. Another third of the OBPs belong to a lineage-specific expansion, which is a common feature of insect OBP evolution. Like other OBPs, the different fire ant OBPs share little sequence similarity (similar to 20%), rendering evolutionary analyses difficult. We discuss the resulting problems with sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and tests of selection. As previously suggested, our results underscore the importance for careful exploration of the sensitivity to the effects of alignment methods for data comprising widely divergent sequences. C1 [Gotzek, Dietrich; Wurm, Yannick] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Robertson, Hugh M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL USA. [Shoemaker, DeWayne] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Gotzek, D (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM gotzekd@si.edu RI Wurm, Yannick/A-9525-2009 OI Wurm, Yannick/0000-0002-3140-2809 FU USDA-AFRI FX Part of this study was funded by USDA-AFRI. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e16289 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016289 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 714UK UT WOS:000286834300047 PM 21305009 ER PT J AU McMahon, SM Metcalf, CJE Woodall, CW AF McMahon, Sean M. Metcalf, Charlotte J. E. Woodall, Christopher W. TI High-Dimensional Coexistence of Temperate Tree Species: Functional Traits, Demographic Rates, Life-History Stages, and Their Physical Context SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; TRADE-OFFS; LONG-TERM; GROWTH; MORTALITY; CANOPY; RECRUITMENT; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS AB Theoretical models indicate that trade-offs between growth and survival strategies of tree species can lead to coexistence across life history stages (ontogeny) and physical conditions experienced by individuals. There exist predicted physiological mechanisms regulating these trade-offs, such as an investment in leaf characters that may increase survival in stressful environments at the expense of investment in bole or root growth. Confirming these mechanisms, however, requires that potential environmental, ontogenetic, and trait influences are analyzed together. Here, we infer growth and mortality of tree species given size, site, and light characteristics from forest inventory data from Wisconsin to test hypotheses about growth-survival trade-offs given species functional trait values under different ontogenetic and environmental states. A series of regression analyses including traits and rates their interactions with environmental and ontogenetic stages supported the relationships between traits and vital rates expected from the expectations from tree physiology. A combined model including interactions between all variables indicated that relationships between demographic rates and functional traits supports growth-survival trade-offs and their differences across species in high-dimensional niche space. The combined model explained 65% of the variation in tree growth and supports a concept of community coexistence similar to Hutchinson's n-dimensional hypervolume and not a low-dimensional niche model or neutral model. C1 [McMahon, Sean M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Metcalf, Charlotte J. E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN USA. RP McMahon, SM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mcmahons@si.edu OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 FU HSBC through the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Smithsonian Institution FX HSBC Climate Partnership partially funded the work of SMM as a recent postdoctoral fellowship awarded through the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The funders (HSBC Bank) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funding was through the Smithsonian Institution and has funded SMM's current postdoctoral position. This indirect support of SMM has no influence on the ability of the authors to follow all Plos ONE policies concerning data sharing and materials. There are no current external funding sources for this study. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e16253 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016253 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 714UK UT WOS:000286834300046 PM 21305020 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Linz, GM Carlson, JC Pettit, SE Tupper, SK Santer, MM AF Werner, Scott J. Linz, George M. Carlson, James C. Pettit, Susan E. Tupper, Shelagh K. Santer, Michele M. TI Anthraquinone-based bird repellent for sunflower crops SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chemical repellent; Confectionery sunflower; Helianthus annuus; Oilseed sunflower; Phasianus colchicus; Quiscalus quiscula ID REDUCE BLACKBIRD DAMAGE; NEWLY PLANTED RICE; REGISTERED PESTICIDES; CAFFEINE AB Non-lethal alternatives are needed to manage bird damage to confectionery and oilseed sunflower crops (Helianthus annuus). Ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) can cause localized damage to newly planted sunflower, and blackbirds (Icterids) damage ripening sunflower annually in the United States of America. We conducted seed germination experiments, a repellent efficacy study with ring-necked pheasants and Avipel (R) repellent (a.i. 50% 9,10-anthraquinone), and laboratory and field efficacy studies with common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) and Avipel (R)-treated confectionery sunflower. Compared to the germination of seeds not treated with anthraquinone, we observed no negative effects of up to 12,223 ppm, 14,104 ppm, and 11,569 ppm anthraquinone seed treatments for germination of confectionery sunflower, oilseed sunflower, and canola seeds, respectively. Pheasants avoided emergent sunflower seedlings (12 days post-planting) from 15,800 ppm anthraquinone seed treatments during a caged preference test (P = 0.045). We observed a positive concentration-response relationship (P = 0.001) and predicted a threshold concentration (i.e., 80% repellency) of 9200 ppm anthraquinone for common grackles offered Avipel (R)-treated confectionery sunflower seeds. Grackles also reliably discriminated between untreated sunflower and seeds treated with 1300 ppm anthraquinone in captivity (P < 0.001). During our field efficacy study for ripening confectionery sunflower, we observed 18% damage among anthraquinone-treated enclosures and 64% damage among untreated enclosures populated with common grackles (P < 0.001). Harvested seed mass averaged 2.54 kg (dry weight) among treated enclosures and 1.24 kg among untreated enclosures (P < 0.001). Our laboratory and field efficacy data provide a reliable basis for planning future field applications of anthraquinone-based repellents for protection of sunflower crops. Supplemental field efficacy studies are necessary for development of an effective avian repellent and management of avian depredation of ripening agricultural crops, including oilseed sunflower. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Werner, Scott J.; Carlson, James C.; Pettit, Susan E.; Tupper, Shelagh K.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Linz, George M.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Santer, Michele M.] Arkion Life Sci, New Castle, DE 19720 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X FU National Sunflower Association (Mandan, ND, USA); North Dakota Oilseed Council (Mandan, ND, USA) FX This research was supported by the National Sunflower Association (Mandan, ND, USA). Our field efficacy study was partially funded by the North Dakota Oilseed Council (Mandan, ND, USA). Our germination and feeding experiments were conducted with Avipel (R) repellent (Arkion (R) Life Sciences, New Castle, DE, USA). Corporate collaborations do not imply endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. We appreciate the National Wildlife Research Center animal care staff that provided daily care of all birds throughout quarantine and holding for our repellent efficacy studies. We thank M. Klosterman, A. Slowik, and M. Strassburg for their dedicated assistance as we established our 2009 sunflower field enclosures. We also thank S.B. Canavelli, D.A. Goldade, B.A. Kimball, LA, Orduna, E.N. Rodriguez, and M.E. Tobin for constructive feedback from their review of our manuscript. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 129 IS 2-4 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.11.010 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 717QX UT WOS:000287063600013 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF Benjamin, JG AF Nielsen, David C. Vigil, Merle F. Benjamin, Joseph G. TI Evaluating decision rules for dryland rotation crop selection SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dryland cropping systems; Opportunity cropping; Water use; Yield; Water use efficiency; Precipitation use efficiency; Economic returns ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL-WATER AVAILABILITY; WINTER-WHEAT; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; YIELD; SYSTEM; TILLAGE; FIELD; CORN AB No-till dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L)-fallow systems in the central Great Plains have more water available for crop production than the traditional conventionally tilled winter wheat-fallow systems because of greater precipitation storage efficiency. That additional water is used most efficiently when a crop is present to transpire the water, and crop yields respond positively to increases in available soil water. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield, water use efficiency (WUE), precipitation use efficiency (PUE), and net returns of cropping systems where crop choice was based on established crop responses to water use while incorporating a grass/broadleaf rotation. Available soil water at planting was measured at several decision points each year and combined with three levels of expected growing season precipitation (70, 100, 130% of average) to provide input data for water use/yield production functions for seven grain crops and three forage crops. The predicted yields from those production functions were compared against established yield thresholds for each crop, and crops were retained for further consideration if the threshold yield was exceeded. Crop choice was then narrowed by following a rule which rotated summer crops (crops planted in the spring with most of their growth occurring during summer months) with winter crops (crops planted in the fall with most of their growth occurring during the next spring) and also rotating grasses with broadleaf crops. Yields, WUE, PUE, value-basis precipitation use efficiency ($PUE), gross receipts, and net returns from the four opportunity cropping (OC) selection schemes were compared with the same quantities from four set rotations [wheat-fallow (conventional till), (WE (CT)); wheat-fallow (no-till), (WF (NT)); wheat-corn (Zen mays L)-fallow (no-till), (WCF); wheat-millet (Panicum miliaceum L) (no-till), (WM)]. Water use efficiency was greater for three of the OC selection schemes than for any of the four set rotations. Precipitation was used more efficiently using two of the OC selection schemes than using any of the four set rotations. Of the four OC cropping decision methods, net returns were greatest for the method that assumed average growing season precipitation and allowed selection from all possible crop choices. The net returns from this system were not different from net returns from WE (CT) and WF (NT). Cropping frequency can be effectively increased in dryland cropping systems by use of crop selection rules based on water use/yield production functions, measured available soil water, and expected precipitation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nielsen, David C.; Vigil, Merle F.; Benjamin, Joseph G.] ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 120 IS 2 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.10.011 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 715BW UT WOS:000286856400006 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY Liu, LS AF Ashby, Richard D. Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Liu, Lin Shu TI Biopolymer scaffolds for use in delivering antimicrobial sophorolipids to the acne-causing bacterium Propionibacterium acnes SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES; POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS; HIGH-INTENSITY; BLUE-LIGHT; BIOSURFACTANTS; PHOTOTHERAPY; ANTARCTICA AB Sophorolipids (SLs) are known to possess antimicrobial properties towards many species (particularly Gram-positive, or Gram(+)) of bacteria. However, these properties can only be exerted if the SLs can be introduced to the bacterial cells in an acceptable manner. Propionibacterium acnes is the common bacterial cause of acne. It is a Gram(+) facultative anaerobe that is susceptible to the antimicrobial effects of SLs. In this study we demonstrated that different biopolymer matrices could be used to produce SL composite films that exert various antimicrobial efficiencies against P. acnes. Increasing SL concentrations in poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and PHB-co-10%-3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHB/HHx) resulted in noticeably improved (PHB/HHx was best) antimicrobial activity based on the size of the zones of inhibition using an overlay plating technique on synthetic growth medium. However, increasing concentrations of SLs in PHB and PHB/HHx films also increased film opacity, which diminishes the appeal for use especially in visible (facial) areas. Pectin and alginate improved the transparent character of SL composite films while also acting as successful carriers of SLs to P. acnes. The lactone form of the SLs proved to exhibit the best antimicrobial action and in concert with either pectin or alginate biopolymers provided a comparatively transparent, successful means of utilizing SLs as a renewable, environmentally benign anti-acne solution. C1 [Ashby, Richard D.; Zerkowski, Jonathan A.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Liu, Lin Shu] ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Rick.Ashby@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 EI 1876-4347 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 SI SI BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.08.001 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 702SM UT WOS:000285915800005 PM 20708720 ER PT J AU Garten, CT Brice, DJ Castro, HF Graham, RL Mayes, MA Phillips, JR Post, WM Schadt, CW Wullschleger, SD Tyler, DD Jardine, PM Jastrow, JD Matamala, R Miller, RM Moran, KK Vugteveen, TW Izaurralde, RC Thomson, AM West, TO Amonette, JE Bailey, VL Metting, FB Smith, JL AF Garten, Charles T., Jr. Brice, Deanne J. Castro, Hector F. Graham, Robin L. Mayes, Melanie A. Phillips, Jana R. Post, Wilfred M., III Schadt, Christopher W. Wullschleger, Stan D. Tyler, Donald D. Jardine, Phillip M. Jastrow, Julie D. Matamala, Roser Miller, R. Michael Moran, Kelly K. Vugteveen, Timothy W. Izaurralde, R. Cesar Thomson, Allison M. West, Tristram O. Amonette, James E. Bailey, Vanessa L. Metting, F. Blaine Smith, Jeffrey L. TI Response of "Alamo" switchgrass tissue chemistry and biomass to nitrogen fertilization in West Tennessee, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; Nitrogen fertilization; Shoot biomass; Root biomass; Carbon stocks; Nitrogen stocks; Tissue chemistry; Nitrogen balance; Root:shoot ratio; C:N ratio ID SOIL CARBON; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; SEQUESTRATION; BIOENERGY; DYNAMICS; HARVEST; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; FREQUENCY; IMPACTS AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a perennial, warm-season grass that has been identified as a potential biofuel feedstock over a large part of North America. We examined above- and belowground responses to nitrogen fertilization in "Alamo" switchgrass grown in West Tennessee, USA. The fertilizer study included a spring and fall sampling of 5-year old switchgrass grown under annual applications of 0, 67, and 202 kg N ha(-1) (as ammonium nitrate). Fertilization changed switchgrass biomass allocation as indicated by root: shoot ratios. End-of-growing season root:shoot ratios (mean +/- SE) declined significantly (P <= 0.05) at the highest fertilizer nitrogen treatment (2.16 +/- 0.08, 2.02 +/- 0.18, and 0.88 +/- 0.14, respectively, at 0, 67, and 202 kg N ha(-1)). Fertilization also significantly increased above- and belowground nitrogen concentrations and decreased plant C:N ratios. Data are presented for coarse live roots, fine live roots, coarse dead roots, fine dead roots, and rhizomes. At the end of the growing season, there was more carbon and nitrogen stored in belowground biomass than aboveground biomass. Fertilization impacted switchgrass tissue chemistry and biomass allocation in ways that potentially impact soil carbon cycle processes and soil carbon storage. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garten, Charles T., Jr.; Brice, Deanne J.; Castro, Hector F.; Graham, Robin L.; Mayes, Melanie A.; Phillips, Jana R.; Post, Wilfred M., III; Schadt, Christopher W.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tyler, Donald D.; Jardine, Phillip M.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jastrow, Julie D.; Matamala, Roser; Miller, R. Michael; Moran, Kelly K.; Vugteveen, Timothy W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Izaurralde, R. Cesar; Thomson, Allison M.; West, Tristram O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, R. Cesar; Thomson, Allison M.; West, Tristram O.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Amonette, James E.; Bailey, Vanessa L.; Metting, F. Blaine] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Garten, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6301, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gartenctjr@ornl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Brice, Deanne/B-9048-2012; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) funding to the Consortium for Research on Enhancing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems (CSiTE) and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We wish to thank Blake Brown at the Research and Education Center at Milan, TN, and Janet Gibson, Ernest Merriweather, and Bobby Henderson at the University of Tennessee's West Tennessee Research and Education Center for their helpful support cif laboratory and field activities.; This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC05-000R22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.016 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728RO UT WOS:000287892400033 ER PT J AU Lavine, BK Mirjankar, N Vander Meer, RK AF Lavine, Barry K. Mirjankar, Nikhil Vander Meer, Robert K. TI Analysis of chemical signals in red fire ants by gas chromatography and pattern recognition techniques SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Chemometrics; Pattern recognition; Chemical communication; Classification; Social insects ID NESTMATE RECOGNITION; CAMPONOTUS-FLORIDANUS; DATA SETS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PROFILE; QUEEN AB Gas chromatographic (GC) profiles of cuticular hydrocarbon extracts obtained from individual and pooled ant samples were analyzed using pattern recognition techniques. Clustering according to the biological variables of social caste and colony were observed. Pooling individual extracts enhanced the recognition of patterns in the GC profile data characteristic of colony. Evidently, the contribution of the ant's individual pattern to the overall hydrocarbon profile pattern can obscure information about colony in the GC traces of cuticular hydrocarbon extracts obtained from red fire ants. Re-analysis of temporal caste and time period data on the cuticular hydrocarbon patterns demonstrates that sampling time and social caste must be taken into account to avoid unnecessary variability and possible confounding. This and the fact that foragers could not be separated from reserves and brood-tenders in all five laboratory colonies studied suggests that cuticular hydrocarbons as a class of sociochemicals cannot model every facet of nestmate recognition in Solenopsis invicta which in turn suggests a potential role for other compounds in the discrimination of alien conspecifics from nestmates. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lavine, Barry K.; Mirjankar, Nikhil] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Vander Meer, Robert K.] Agr Res Serv, Ctr Agr Med & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lavine, BK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bklab@chem.okstate.edu FU OSU Research Foundation; OSU Chemistry Department FX The authors acknowledge Douglas Henry and William T. Rayens for helpful discussions. This work was partially supported by the OSU Research Foundation through start up funds provided to BKL for purchase of a computer cluster. NM acknowledges the financial support of the OSU Chemistry Department via a teaching assistantship. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 SI SI BP 1308 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.068 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 713EV UT WOS:000286718700030 PM 21215868 ER PT J AU McPherson, EG Simpson, JR Xiao, QF Wu, CX AF McPherson, E. Gregory Simpson, James R. Xiao, Qingfu Wu, Chunxia TI Million trees Los Angeles canopy cover and benefit assessment SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Urban forestry; Tree canopy cover; Tree benefits ID URBAN FOREST; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; HEALTH; ASTHMA; COSTS; AREAS AB The Million Trees LA initiative intends to improve Los Angeles's environment through planting and stewardship of 1 million trees. The purpose of this study was to measure Los Angeles's existing tree canopy cover (TCC), determine if space exists for 1 million additional trees, and estimate future benefits from the planting. High-resolution QuickBird remote sensing data, aerial photographs, and geographic information systems were used to classify land cover types, measure TCC, and identify potential tree planting sites. Benefits were forecast for planting of 1 million trees between 2006 and 2010, and their growth and mortality were projected until 2040. Two scenarios reflected low (17%) and high (56%) mortality rates. Numerical models were used with geographic data and tree size information for coastal and inland climate zones to calculate annual benefits and their monetary value. Los Angeles's existing TCC was 21%, and ranged from 7 to 37% by council district. There was potential to add 2.5 million additional trees to the existing population of approximately 10.8 million, but only 1.3 million of the potential tree sites are deemed realistic to plant. Benefits for the 1-million-tree planting for the 35-year period were $1.33 billion and $1.95 billion for the high- and low-mortality scenarios, respectively. Average annual benefits were $38 and $56 per tree planted. Eighty-one percent of total benefits were aesthetic/other, 8% were stormwater runoff reduction, 6% energy savings, 4% air quality improvement, and less than 1% atmospheric carbon reduction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McPherson, E. Gregory; Simpson, James R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Ctr Urban Forest Res, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Xiao, Qingfu; Wu, Chunxia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McPherson, EG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Ctr Urban Forest Res, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM gmcpherson@fs.fed.us; jrsimpson@fs.fed.us; qxiao@ucdavis.edu; chelseawu2@gmail.com FU City of Los Angeles, California FX This research was supported by funds provided by the city of Los Angeles, California, and we thank Paula Daniels, George Gonzalez, Lisa Sarno, and Lillian Kawasaki for their support. We wish to acknowledge Patrice Gin, Randy Price. and Kirk Bishop (Public Works/Bureau of Engineering/Mapping Division, city of Los Angeles) for sharing their GIS data and aerial imagery with us. Rebecca Drayse, Edith Ben-Horin, and David O'Donnell of TreePeople led the survey of field plots. Thanks to Dan Knapp, Los Angeles Conservation Corp, who assisted with development of the planting scenarios. Kelaine Vargas and Paula Peper at the U.S. Forest Service Center for Urban Forest Research provided technical and editorial assistance throughout the course of the study. NR 57 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 10 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.08.011 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 692UB UT WOS:000285179500005 ER PT J AU Becker, A Chao, DY Zhang, X Salt, DE Baxter, I AF Becker, Anthony Chao, Dai-Yin Zhang, Xu Salt, David E. Baxter, Ivan TI Bulk Segregant Analysis Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Microarrays SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; MARKERS AB Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) using microarrays, and extreme array mapping (XAM) have recently been used to rapidly identify genomic regions associated with phenotypes in multiple species. These experiments, however, require the identification of single feature polymorphisms (SFP) between the cross parents for each new combination of genotypes, which raises the cost of experiments. The availability of the genomic polymorphism data in Arabidopsis thaliana, coupled with the efficient designs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays removes the requirement for SFP detection and lowers the per array cost, thereby lowering the overall cost per experiment. To demonstrate that these approaches would be functional on SNP arrays and determine confidence intervals, we analyzed hybridizations of natural accessions to the Arabidopsis ATSNPTILE array and simulated BSA or XAM given a variety of gene models, populations, and bulk selection parameters. Our results show a striking degree of correlation between the genotyping output of both methods, which suggests that the benefit of SFP genotyping in context of BSA can be had with the cheaper, more efficient SNP arrays. As a final proof of concept, we hybridized the DNA from bulks of an F2 mapping population of a Sulfur and Selenium ionomics mutant to both the Arabidopsis ATTILE1R and ATSNPTILE arrays, which produced almost identical results. We have produced R scripts that prompt the user for the required parameters and perform the BSA analysis using the ATSNPTILE1 array and have provided them as supplemental data files. C1 [Becker, Anthony; Baxter, Ivan] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Chao, Dai-Yin; Salt, David E.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Plant Environm Stress Physiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhang, Xu] Univ Chicago, Dept Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Baxter, Ivan] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, St Louis, MO USA. RP Becker, A (reprint author), Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM ibaxter@danforthcenter.org RI Chao, Daiyin/A-5213-2013; Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM078536]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0419695]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 21000-028] FX The authors acknowledge the support of National Institutes of Health grant # R01 GM078536 (www.nih.gov) to DES and IB; National Science Foundation grant # IOS-0419695 (www.nsf.gov) to DES. AB was a participant in the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Research Experience for Undergraduates program, NSF DBI-0851838. IB is supported by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS 21000-028. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e15993 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015993 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 712JV UT WOS:000286663900020 PM 21297997 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Morgan, JA von Fischer, JC Follett, RF AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Morgan, Jack A. von Fischer, Joseph C. Follett, Ronald F. TI Elevated CO2 and warming effects on CH4 uptake in a semiarid grassland below optimum soil moisture SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; TRACE GAS FLUXES; METHANE CONSUMPTION; FOREST SOIL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER RELATIONS; N2O AB Semiarid rangelands are a significant global sink for methane (CH4), but this sink strength may be altered by climate change. Methane uptake is sensitive to soil moisture showing a hump-shaped relationship with a distinct optimum soil moisture level. Both CO2 and temperature affect soil moisture, but the direction of CH4 uptake response may depend on if the system is below or above the soil moisture optimum. Most climate change studies on CH4 uptake have been conducted in mesic environments with soil moisture levels typically above optimum, but little is known about responses in drier systems with suboptimal soil water. We studied effects of atmospheric CO2 (ambient versus 600 ppm), and temperature (ambient versus 1.5/3.0 degrees C warmer day/night) on CH4 uptake during two growing seasons in a full factorial semiarid grassland field experiment in Wyoming, United States. We observed typical hump-shaped relationships between CH4 uptake and water filled pore space. Averaged over a range of soil moisture conditions, CH4 uptake was not affected by elevated CO2, but significantly decreased with warming in both seasons (25% in the first and 13% in the second season). Warming showed the strongest reduction and elevated CO2 showed the strongest increase in CH4 uptake when soils were below optimum moisture, indicating that these effects are particularly strong when soils are dry. Thus, directional effects of elevated CO2 and warming on CH4 uptake in semiarid grasslands can be opposite to their effects in mesic ecosystems because semiarid grasslands are often below optimum soil moisture for methane uptake. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.; Morgan, Jack A.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [von Fischer, Joseph C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [von Fischer, Joseph C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] ARS, Soil Plant & Nutrient Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Level 4,Biomed Bldg C81,Australian Technol Pk, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. EM feike.dijkstra@sydney.edu.au RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018; von Fischer, Joseph/0000-0001-5508-6073 FU CSREES [2008-35107-18655]; Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Elise Pendall, Rebecca Phillips, Dennis Baldocchi, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. We thank Erik Hardy, Dan LeCain, Valerie O'Neill, David Smith, Mary Smith, and Katie Tylka for technical assistance. This research was supported by CSREES (2008-35107-18655) and by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G01007 DI 10.1029/2010JG001288 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 713TM UT WOS:000286760300002 ER PT J AU Oliver, RE Lazo, GR Lutz, JD Rubenfield, MJ Tinker, NA Anderson, JM Morehead, NHW Adhikary, D Jellen, EN Maughan, PJ Guedira, GLB Chao, SM Beattie, AD Carson, ML Rines, HW Obert, DE Bonman, JM Jackson, EW AF Oliver, Rebekah E. Lazo, Gerard R. Lutz, Joseph D. Rubenfield, Marc J. Tinker, Nicholas A. Anderson, Joseph M. Morehead, Nicole H. Wisniewski Adhikary, Dinesh Jellen, Eric N. Maughan, P. Jeffrey Guedira, Gina L. Brown Chao, Shiaoman Beattie, Aaron D. Carson, Martin L. Rines, Howard W. Obert, Donald E. Bonman, J. Michael Jackson, Eric W. TI Model SNP development for complex genomes based on hexaploid oat using high-throughput 454 sequencing technology SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; C-BANDED KARYOTYPES; PCR-BASED MARKERS; AVENA SPP.; MAP; BARLEY; ASSAY; MICROSATELLITES; DISCOVERY; REPEAT AB Background: Genetic markers are pivotal to modern genomics research; however, discovery and genotyping of molecular markers in oat has been hindered by the size and complexity of the genome, and by a scarcity of sequence data. The purpose of this study was to generate oat expressed sequence tag (EST) information, develop a bioinformatics pipeline for SNP discovery, and establish a method for rapid, cost-effective, and straightforward genotyping of SNP markers in complex polyploid genomes such as oat. Results: Based on cDNA libraries of four cultivated oat genotypes, approximately 127,000 contigs were assembled from approximately one million Roche 454 sequence reads. Contigs were filtered through a novel bioinformatics pipeline to eliminate ambiguous polymorphism caused by subgenome homology, and 96 in silico SNPs were selected from 9,448 candidate loci for validation using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Of these, 52 (54%) were polymorphic between parents of the Ogle1040 x TAM O-301 (OT) mapping population, with 48 segregating as single Mendelian loci, and 44 being placed on the existing OT linkage map. Ogle and TAM amplicons from 12 primers were sequenced for SNP validation, revealing complex polymorphism in seven amplicons but general sequence conservation within SNP loci. Whole-amplicon interrogation with HRM revealed insertions, deletions, and heterozygotes in secondary oat germplasm pools, generating multiple alleles at some primer targets. To validate marker utility, 36 SNP assays were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 34 diverse oat genotypes. Dendrogram clusters corresponded generally to known genome composition and genetic ancestry. Conclusions: The high-throughput SNP discovery pipeline presented here is a rapid and effective method for identification of polymorphic SNP alleles in the oat genome. The current-generation HRM system is a simple and highly-informative platform for SNP genotyping. These techniques provide a model for SNP discovery and genotyping in other species with complex and poorly-characterized genomes. C1 [Oliver, Rebekah E.; Morehead, Nicole H. Wisniewski; Obert, Donald E.; Bonman, J. Michael; Jackson, Eric W.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Lazo, Gerard R.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. [Lutz, Joseph D.] Gen Mills Agr Res, Le Sueur, MN USA. [Rubenfield, Marc J.] Beckman Coulter Genom, Beverly, MA USA. [Tinker, Nicholas A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Anderson, Joseph M.] Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Adhikary, Dinesh; Jellen, Eric N.; Maughan, P. Jeffrey] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Guedira, Gina L. Brown] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. [Beattie, Aaron D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Carson, Martin L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Rines, Howard W.] Univ MN, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN USA. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. EM Eric.Jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Maughan, Peter/G-1600-2013 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; USDA ARS [301]; General Mills, Inc. FX The authors thank Irene Shackelford and Robert Campbell for excellent technical assistance. This project, in part, was funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the USDA ARS National Program 301, and General Mills, Inc. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 77 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-77 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 723BI UT WOS:000287480800001 PM 21272354 ER PT J AU Saathoff, AJ Sarath, G Chow, EK Dien, BS Tobias, CM AF Saathoff, Aaron J. Sarath, Gautam Chow, Elaine K. Dien, Bruce S. Tobias, Christian M. TI Downregulation of Cinnamyl-Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Switchgrass by RNA Silencing Results in Enhanced Glucose Release after Cellulase Treatment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANTS; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; REDUCED LIGNIN; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; ENERGY CROP; SATIVA L.; SORGHUM; LIGNIFICATION AB Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the last step in monolignol biosynthesis and genetic evidence indicates CAD deficiency in grasses both decreases overall lignin, alters lignin structure and increases enzymatic recovery of sugars. To ascertain the effect of CAD downregulation in switchgrass, RNA mediated silencing of CAD was induced through Agrobacterium mediated transformation of cv. "Alamo'' with an inverted repeat construct containing a fragment derived from the coding sequence of PviCAD2. The resulting primary transformants accumulated less CAD RNA transcript and protein than control transformants and were demonstrated to be stably transformed with between 1 and 5 copies of the TDNA. CAD activity against coniferaldehyde, and sinapaldehyde in stems of silenced lines was significantly reduced as was overall lignin and cutin. Glucose release from ground samples pretreated with ammonium hydroxide and digested with cellulases was greater than in control transformants. When stained with the lignin and cutin specific stain phloroglucinol-HCl the staining intensity of one line indicated greater incorporation of hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes in the lignin. C1 [Saathoff, Aaron J.; Sarath, Gautam] ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Chow, Elaine K.; Tobias, Christian M.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Saathoff, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM christian.tobias@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009; OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-09ER64829]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [307, 5325-21000-017-00, 5440-21000-028-00] FX Aaron J. Saathoff was supported in part by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy grant number DE-AI02-09ER64829. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service National Program 307 (Bioenergy) involving CRIS numbers: 5325-21000-017-00 and 5440-21000-028-00. No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e16416 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016416 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 712JV UT WOS:000286663900047 PM 21298014 ER PT J AU Echt, CS Saha, S Krutovsky, KV Wimalanathan, K Erpelding, JE Liang, C Nelson, CD AF Echt, Craig S. Saha, Surya Krutovsky, Konstantin V. Wimalanathan, Kokulapalan Erpelding, John E. Liang, Chun Nelson, C. Dana TI An annotated genetic map of loblolly pine based on microsatellite and cDNA markers SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X PICEA-RUBENS; TAEDA L.; LINKAGE MAPS; LOW-COPY; COMPARATIVE GENOME; OUTBRED PEDIGREE; CONSTRUCTION; SEQUENCE; INTEGRATION; PINACEAE AB Background: Previous loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genetic linkage maps have been based on a variety of DNA polymorphisms, such as AFLPs, RAPDs, RFLPs, and ESTPs, but only a few SSRs (simple sequence repeats), also known as simple tandem repeats or microsatellites, have been mapped in P. taeda. The objective of this study was to integrate a large set of SSR markers from a variety of sources and published cDNA markers into a composite P. taeda genetic map constructed from two reference mapping pedigrees. A dense genetic map that incorporates SSR loci will benefit complete pine genome sequencing, pine population genetics studies, and pine breeding programs. Careful marker annotation using a variety of references further enhances the utility of the integrated SSR map. Results: The updated P. taeda genetic map, with an estimated genome coverage of 1,515 cM((Kosambi)) across 12 linkage groups, incorporated 170 new SSR markers and 290 previously reported SSR, RFLP, and ESTP markers. The average marker interval was 3.1 cM. Of 233 mapped SSR loci, 84 were from cDNA-derived sequences (EST-SSRs) and 149 were from non-transcribed genomic sequences (genomic-SSRs). Of all 311 mapped cDNA-derived markers, 77% were associated with NCBI Pta UniGene clusters, 67% with RefSeq proteins, and 62% with functional Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Duplicate (i.e., redundant accessory) and paralogous markers were tentatively identified by evaluating marker sequences by their UniGene cluster IDs, clone IDs, and relative map positions. The average gene diversity, H-e, among polymorphic SSR loci, including those that were not mapped, was 0.43 for 94 EST-SSRs and 0.72 for 83 genomic-SSRs. The genetic map can be viewed and queried at http://www.conifergdb.org/pinemap. Conclusions: Many polymorphic and genetically mapped SSR markers are now available for use in P. taeda population genetics, studies of adaptive traits, and various germplasm management applications. Annotating mapped genes with UniGene clusters and GO terms allowed assessment of redundant and paralogous EST markers and further improved the quality and utility of the genetic map for P. taeda. C1 [Echt, Craig S.; Nelson, C. Dana] USDA Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Saha, Surya] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krutovsky, Konstantin V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Erpelding, John E.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wimalanathan, Kokulapalan; Liang, Chun] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Echt, CS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM cecht@fs.fed.us RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012; OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084; Saha, Surya/0000-0002-1160-1413; Wimalanathan, Kokulapalan/0000-0001-7811-935X FU International Paper Co. FX The Agenda 2020 Program and International Paper Co. partially funded this research. We thank the Weyerhaeuser Corp. for use of the base and qtl pedigrees. We thank the following people for their assistance, without which this work would not have been possible: Ron Burns, Chuck Burdine, Dennis Deemer, Sedley Josserand (U. S. Forest Service), Andrea Langman, Lisa McMillan, Lorelle Phillips, Phillip Wilcox, Minsoon Yoon (The New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Terry Burke and John Anthony (Weyerhaeuser Co.). MM Cordonnier-Pratt, Lee Pratt (University of Georgia, USA), David Chagne and Christophe Plomion (INRA, France) generously shared their pine EST sequences and contig assemblies. Steven DiFazio provided help implementing his PERL scripts that we used for marker genotype coding and analysis. Benjamin Figueroa provided us with standardized hierarchical GO terms. Tom Kubisiak and Ross Whetten provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript prior to submission. We are especially thankful to three anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the clarity and comprehensiveness of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-12-17 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 719UK UT WOS:000287235800001 PM 21269494 ER PT J AU Munoz, A Koskinen, WC Cox, L Sadowsky, MJ AF Munoz, Ana Koskinen, William C. Cox, Lucia Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Biodegradation and Mineralization of Metolachlor and Alachlor by Candida xestobii SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metolachlor; catabolism; bacteria; yeast; soil; mineralization ID PICHIA-GUILLIERMONDII CLADE; ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; CHAETOMIUM-GLOBOSUM; SOIL FUNGUS; DEGRADATION; ACETOCHLOR; METABOLISM; ATRAZINE; PROPACHLOR AB Metolachlor (2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)aceto-o-toluidide) is a pre-emergent chloroacetanilide herbicide used to control broadleaf and annual grassy weeds in a variety of crops. The S enantiomer, S-metolachlor, is the most effective form for weed control. Although the degradation of metolachlor in soils is thought to occur primarily by microbial activity, little is known about the microorganisms that carry out this process and the mechanisms by which this occurs. This study examined a silty-clay soil (a Luvisol) from Spain, with 10 and 2 year histories of metolachlor and S-metolachlor applications, respectively, for microorganisms that had the ability to degrade this herbicide. Tis paper reports the isolation and characterization of pure cultures of Candida xestobii and Bacillus simplex that have the ability to use metolachlor as a sole source of carbon for growth. Species assignment was confirmed by morphological and biochemical criteria and by sequence analysis of 18S and 16S rRNA, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses indicated that C. xestobii degraded 60% of the added metolachlor after 4 days of growth and converted up to 25% of the compound into CO2 after 10 days. In contrast, B. simplex biodegraded 30% of metolachlor following 5 days of growth in minimal medium. In contrast, moreover, the yeast degraded other acetanilide compounds and 80% of acetochlor (2-chloro-N-ethoxymethyl-6'-ethylaceto-o-toluidide) and alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-methoxymethylacetanilide) were degraded after 15 and 41 h of growth, respectively. The results of these studies indicate that microorganisms comprising two main branches of the tree of life have acquired the ability to degrade the same novel chlorinated herbicide that has been recently added to the biosphere. C1 [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Munoz, Ana; Koskinen, William C.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Munoz, Ana; Cox, Lucia] CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 BorH,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.1021/jf103508w PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 705YH UT WOS:000286176100022 PM 21190381 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Yokoyama, WH AF Kim, Yookyung Yokoyama, Wallace H. TI Physical and Sensory Properties of All-Barley and All-Oat Breads with Additional Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) beta-Glucan SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Whole grain bread; barley bread; oat bread; HPMC; soluble fiber ID DIFFERENT HYDROCOLLOIDS; DOUGH RHEOLOGY; QUALITY; HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE; GLUTEN; FLOUR; MICROSTRUCTURE; FORMULA; STARCH AB Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a substituted cellulose that reduces serum cholesterol at modest intake levels. HPMC has also been used for decades in gluten-free breads at a level to optimize loaf volume. Because consumers resist the consumption of whole wheat breads, the sensory and physical properties of all oat and barley breads incorporating HPMC were evaluated. Oat and barley also contain beta-glucan, a glucose polymer similar to HPMC that also lowers cholesterol. The textural and sensory properties of the breads were determined by instrumental and chemical methods and sensory panels. HPMC increased the loaf volume of the breads by up to 2 times and decreased hardness immediately after baking and after up to 3 days of storage. Barley bread with HPMC was rated the highest in overall acceptability by sensory panelists compared to oat and wheat breads with or without HPMC. C1 [Kim, Yookyung] Korea Univ, Dept Home Econ Educ, Seoul 13671, South Korea. [Yokoyama, Wallace H.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Home Econ Educ, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 13671, South Korea. EM yookyung_kim@korea.ac.kr NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1021/jf103817h PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 705YH UT WOS:000286176100036 PM 21189014 ER PT J AU Ma, XJ Lin, LG Qin, GJ Lu, XP Fiorotto, M Dixit, VD Sun, YX AF Ma, Xiaojun Lin, Ligen Qin, Guijun Lu, Xinping Fiorotto, Marta Dixit, Vishwa D. Sun, Yuxiang TI Ablations of Ghrelin and Ghrelin Receptor Exhibit Differential Metabolic Phenotypes and Thermogenic Capacity during Aging SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; DES-ACYL GHRELIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; FOOD-INTAKE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ADAPTIVE THERMOGENESIS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ACTIVE GHRELIN; HUMAN OBESITY AB Background: Obesity is a hallmark of aging in many Western societies, and is a precursor to numerous serious age-related diseases. Ghrelin (Ghrl), via its receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHS-R), is shown to stimulate GH secretion and appetite. Surprisingly, our previous studies showed that Ghrl(-/-) mice have impaired thermoregulatory responses to cold and fasting stresses, while Ghsr(-/-) mice are adaptive. Methodology/Principal Findings: To elucidate the mechanism, we analyzed the complete metabolic profiles of younger (3-4 months) and older (10-12 months) Ghrl(-/-) and Ghsr(-/-) mice. Food intake and locomotor activity were comparable for both null mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts, regardless of age. There was also no difference in body composition between younger null mice and their WT counterparts. As the WT mice aged, as expected, the fat/lean ratio increased and energy expenditure (EE) decreased. Remarkably, however, older Ghsr(-/-) mice exhibited reduced fat/lean ratio and increased EE when compared to older WT mice, thus retaining a youthful lean and high EE phenotype; in comparison, there was no significant difference with EE in Ghrl(-/-) mice. In line with the EE data, the thermogenic regulator, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), was significantly up-regulated in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of Ghsr(-/-) mice, but not in Ghrl(-/-) mice. Conclusions: Our data therefore suggest that GHS-R ablation activates adaptive thermogenic function(s) in BAT and increases EE, thereby enabling the retention of a lean phenotype. This is the first direct evidence that the ghrelin signaling pathway regulates fat-burning BAT to affect energy balance during aging. This regulation is likely mediated through an as-yet-unidentified new ligand of GHS-R. C1 [Ma, Xiaojun; Qin, Guijun] Zhengzhou Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. [Ma, Xiaojun; Lin, Ligen; Fiorotto, Marta; Sun, Yuxiang] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lu, Xinping] NIDDKD, Digest Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dixit, Vishwa D.] Louisiana State Univ Syst, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Lab Neuroendocrine Immunol, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Sun, Yuxiang] Baylor Coll Med, Huffington Ctr Aging, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ma, XJ (reprint author), Zhengzhou Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. EM yuxiangs@bcm.edu FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6250-51000-055]; NIH/NIA [1R03AG029641-01]; NIH-Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine [P30DK079638] FX The authors are very grateful to the agencies which supported this work: USDA/ARS CRIS fund ARS 6250-51000-055 (YS), NIH/NIA grant 1R03AG029641-01 (YS) and the NIH-Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (P30DK079638) at Baylor College of Medicine. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e16391 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016391 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 712JL UT WOS:000286662800038 PM 21298106 ER PT J AU You, FM Huo, NX Deal, KR Gu, YQ Luo, MC McGuire, PE Dvorak, J Anderson, OD AF You, Frank M. Huo, Naxin Deal, Karin R. Gu, Yong Q. Luo, Ming-Cheng McGuire, Patrick E. Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. TI Annotation-based genome-wide SNP discovery in the large and complex Aegilops tauschii genome using next-generation sequencing without a reference genome sequence SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID REPEATED NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; BURROWS-WHEELER TRANSFORM; DATABASE RAP-DB; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; READ ALIGNMENT; POLYMORPHISM; EVOLUTION; MAP; INFORMATION; FREQUENCY AB Background: Many plants have large and complex genomes with an abundance of repeated sequences. Many plants are also polyploid. Both of these attributes typify the genome architecture in the tribe Triticeae, whose members include economically important wheat, rye and barley. Large genome sizes, an abundance of repeated sequences, and polyploidy present challenges to genome-wide SNP discovery using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of total genomic DNA by making alignment and clustering of short reads generated by the NGS platforms difficult, particularly in the absence of a reference genome sequence. Results: An annotation-based, genome-wide SNP discovery pipeline is reported using NGS data for large and complex genomes without a reference genome sequence. Roche 454 shotgun reads with low genome coverage of one genotype are annotated in order to distinguish single-copy sequences and repeat junctions from repetitive sequences and sequences shared by paralogous genes. Multiple genome equivalents of shotgun reads of another genotype generated with SOLiD or Solexa are then mapped to the annotated Roche 454 reads to identify putative SNPs. A pipeline program package, AGSNP, was developed and used for genome-wide SNP discovery in Aegilops tauschii-the diploid source of the wheat D genome, and with a genome size of 4.02 Gb, of which 90% is repetitive sequences. Genomic DNA of Ae. tauschii accession AL8/78 was sequenced with the Roche 454 NGS platform. Genomic DNA and cDNA of Ae. tauschii accession AS75 was sequenced primarily with SOLiD, although some Solexa and Roche 454 genomic sequences were also generated. A total of 195,631 putative SNPs were discovered in gene sequences, 155,580 putative SNPs were discovered in uncharacterized single-copy regions, and another 145,907 putative SNPs were discovered in repeat junctions. These SNPs were dispersed across the entire Ae. tauschii genome. To assess the false positive SNP discovery rate, DNA containing putative SNPs was amplified by PCR from AL8/78 and AS75 and resequenced with the ABI 3730 xl. In a sample of 302 randomly selected putative SNPs, 84.0% in gene regions, 88.0% in repeat junctions, and 81.3% in uncharacterized regions were validated. Conclusion: An annotation-based genome-wide SNP discovery pipeline for NGS platforms was developed. The pipeline is suitable for SNP discovery in genomic libraries of complex genomes and does not require a reference genome sequence. The pipeline is applicable to all current NGS platforms, provided that at least one such platform generates relatively long reads. The pipeline package, AGSNP, and the discovered 497,118 Ae. tauschii SNPs can be accessed at (http://avena.pw.usda.gov/wheatD/agsnp.shtml). C1 [You, Frank M.; Huo, Naxin; Deal, Karin R.; Luo, Ming-Cheng; McGuire, Patrick E.; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [You, Frank M.; Huo, Naxin; Gu, Yong Q.; Anderson, Olin D.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dvorak, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdvorak@ucdavis.edu; olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 FU US National Science Foundation [IOS 0701916, IOS 0822100] FX This work is supported in part by US National Science Foundation (grant numbers IOS 0701916 and IOS 0822100). Authors thank Charles M. Nicolet for performing Solexa sequencing and Dawei Lin and Joseph Fass for their collaboration in the physical mapping project. NR 43 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 25 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 59 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-59 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 723BE UT WOS:000287480400001 PM 21266061 ER PT J AU Ranger, CM Winter, RE Singh, AP Reding, ME Frantz, JM Locke, JC Krause, CR AF Ranger, Christopher M. Winter, Rudolph E. Singh, Ajay P. Reding, Michael E. Frantz, Jonathan M. Locke, James C. Krause, Charles R. TI Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID QUISQUALIC ACID; CONSTITUENTS; RESISTANCE; RECEPTORS; CHEMISTRY; FRUCTUS; COLOR AB The Japanese beetle (JB), Popillia japonica, exhibits rapid paralysis after consuming flower petals of zonal geranium, Pelargonium x hortorum. Activity-guided fractionations were conducted with polar flower petal extracts from P. x hortorum cv. Nittany Lion Red, which led to the isolation of a paralysis-inducing compound. High-resolution-MSandNMR ((1)H, (13)C, COSY, heteronuclear sequential quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) analysis identified the paralytic compound as quisqualic acid (C(5)H(7)N(3)O(5)), a known but rare agonist of excitatory amino acid receptors. Optical rotation measurements and chiral HPLC analysis determined an L-configuration. Geranium-derived and synthetic L-quisqualic acid demonstrated the same positive paralytic dose-response. Isolation of a neurotoxic, excitatory amino acid from zonal geranium establishes the phytochemical basis for induced paralysis of the JB, which had remained uncharacterized since the phenomenon was first described in 1920. C1 [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.; Krause, Charles R.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Winter, Rudolph E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Singh, Ajay P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan M.; Locke, James C.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Ranger, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM christopher.ranger@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [3607-22000-010-00D] FX We thank Gerald Hammel, Jennifer Barnett, James Moyseenko, David Benninger, Alane Robinson, Betsy Anderson, and Abigail Hart for technical assistance with activity-guided fractionations and insect and plant maintenance. We thank Pablo Jourdan and Susan Stieve of the Ohio Plant Germplasm Center for providing plant material. This research was supported by base funds associated with US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Research Project 3607-22000-010-00D and contributes to National Program 304-Crop Protection and Quarantine. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 25 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1217 EP 1221 DI 10.1073/pnas.1013497108 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 711MD UT WOS:000286594800007 PM 21205899 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Segura, R Santiago-Jimenez, Q Rota, J Heard, TA AF Brown, John W. Segura, Ricardo Santiago-Jimenez, Quiyari Rota, Jadranka Heard, Tim A. TI Tortricid moths reared from the invasive weed Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata, with comments on their host specificity, biology, geographic distribution, and systematics SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Australia; Amorbia; biological control; Cochylis; DNA sequences; host plants; Neotropics; Ofatulena; Playtnota; Rudenia; taxonomy ID LEPIDOPTERA AB As part of efforts to identify native herbivores of Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), as potential biological control agents against this invasive weed in Australia, ten species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) were reared from Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela: Amorbia concavana (Zeller), Platynota rostrana (Walker), Platynota helianthes (Meyrick), Platynota stultana Walsingham (all Tortricinae: Sparganothini), Rudenia leguminana (Busck), Cochylis sp. (both Tortricinae: Cochylini), Ofatulena duodecemstriata (Walsingham), O. luminosa Heinrich, Ofatulena sp. (all Olethreutinae: Grapholitini), and Crocidosema lantana Busck (Olethreutinae: Eucosmini). Significant geographic range extensions are provided for O. duodecemstriata and R. leguminana. These are the first documented records of P. aculeata as a host plant for all but O. luminosa. The four species of Sparganothini are polyphagous; in contrast, the two Cochylini and three Grapholitini likely are specialists on Leguminosae. Ofatulena luminosa is possibly host specific on P. aculeata. Host trials with Rudenia leguminana also provide some evidence of specificity, in contrast to historical rearing records. To examine the possibility that R. leguminana is a complex of species, two data sets of molecular markers were examined: (1) a combined data set of two mitochondrial markers (a 781-basepair region of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and a 685-basepair region of cytochrome c oxidase II) and one nuclear marker (a 531-basepair region of the 28S domain 2); and (2) the 650-basepair "barcode" region of COI. Analyses of both data sets strongly suggest that individuals examined in this study belong to more than one species. C1 [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Segura, Ricardo; Santiago-Jimenez, Quiyari] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Mexican Field Stn, Boca Del Rio 94297, Veracruz, Mexico. [Rota, Jadranka] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Heard, Tim A.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov; csiromfs@prodigy.net.mx; quiyari@hotmail.com; jadranka.rota@gmail.com; tim.heard@csiro.au RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011; Heard, Tim/B-1125-2008 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920; Heard, Tim/0000-0003-4975-7314 FU Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry FX We thank Moises Martinez and Carlos Pascacio (both CSIRO) for assistance with field work in Mexico. Diane Hartley (CSIRO) provided sequence data. The following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Natalia Vandenberg and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agricultural, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; and John Heppner, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida. The Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry provided financial support. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 24 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 7 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 710NQ UT WOS:000286518900001 PM 21521138 ER PT J AU Magbanua, ZV Ozkan, S Bartlett, BD Chouvarine, P Saski, CA Liston, A Cronn, RC Nelson, CD Peterson, DG AF Magbanua, Zenaida V. Ozkan, Seval Bartlett, Benjamin D. Chouvarine, Philippe Saski, Christopher A. Liston, Aaron Cronn, Richard C. Nelson, C. Dana Peterson, Daniel G. TI Adventures in the Enormous: A 1.8 Million Clone BAC Library for the 21.7 Gb Genome of Loblolly Pine SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARIES; REPEAT TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; WOOD PROPERTY TRAITS; TAEDA L.; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; WATER-DEFICIT; CONSTRUCTION; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; INTEGRATION AB Loblolly pine (LP; Pinus taeda L.) is the most economically important tree in the U. S. and a cornerstone species in southeastern forests. However, genomics research on LP and other conifers has lagged behind studies on flowering plants due, in part, to the large size of conifer genomes. As a means to accelerate conifer genome research, we constructed a BAC library for the LP genotype 7-56. The LP BAC library consists of 1,824,768 individually-archived clones making it the largest single BAC library constructed to date, has a mean insert size of 96 kb, and affords 7.6X coverage of the 21.7 Gb LP genome. To demonstrate the efficacy of the library in gene isolation, we screened macroarrays with overgos designed from a pine EST anchored on LP chromosome 10. A positive BAC was sequenced and found to contain the expected full-length target gene, several gene-like regions, and both known and novel repeats. Macroarray analysis using the retrotransposon IFG-7 (the most abundant repeat in the sequenced BAC) as a probe indicates that IFG-7 is found in roughly 210,557 copies and constitutes about 5.8% or 1.26 Gb of LP nuclear DNA; this DNA quantity is eight times the Arabidopsis genome. In addition to its use in genome characterization and gene isolation as demonstrated herein, the BAC library should hasten whole genome sequencing of LP via next-generation sequencing strategies/technologies and facilitate improvement of trees through molecular breeding and genetic engineering. The library and associated products are distributed by the Clemson University Genomics Institute (www.genome.clemson.edu). C1 [Magbanua, Zenaida V.; Ozkan, Seval; Bartlett, Benjamin D.; Chouvarine, Philippe; Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Genome Explorat Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Magbanua, Zenaida V.; Ozkan, Seval; Bartlett, Benjamin D.; Chouvarine, Philippe; Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Magbanua, Zenaida V.; Chouvarine, Philippe; Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Sci & Biotechnol Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Magbanua, Zenaida V.; Chouvarine, Philippe; Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Digital Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Saski, Christopher A.] Clemson Univ, Clemson Univ Genom Inst, Clemson, SC USA. [Liston, Aaron; Cronn, Richard C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cronn, Richard C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS USA. RP Magbanua, ZV (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Genome Explorat Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM zvm2@msstate.edu OI Peterson, Daniel/0000-0002-0274-5968; Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0421717, MCB-0841821]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [ARS-58-6402-7-241, CSREES-2009-34609-20222] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DBI-0421717 to DGP and CDN; MCB-0841821 to DGP) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS-58-6402-7-241 to DGP; CSREES-2009-34609-20222 to ZVM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e16214 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016214 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 710OY UT WOS:000286522300020 PM 21283709 ER PT J AU Contreras-Govea, FE Muck, RE Mertens, DR Weimer, PJ AF Contreras-Govea, Francisco E. Muck, Richard E. Mertens, David R. Weimer, Paul J. TI Microbial inoculant effects on silage and in vitro ruminal fermentation, and microbial biomass estimation for alfalfa, bmr corn, and corn silages SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Silage; Lactic acid bacteria; In vitro gas production; Microbial biomass yield; Volatile fatty acids ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; GAS-PRODUCTION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; RUMEN FLUID; PRODUCTS; YIELD AB Whole crop third cut alfalfa, brown mid-rib (bmr) corn, and corn were chopped and inoculated with one of four microbial inoculants used. Uninoculated silage was the control treatment. Each crop was ensiled in four mini-silos (1 L glass jars) per treatment. All silos were fermented for 60 days at room temperature (22 degrees C), and then they were opened and analyzed for fermentation products, fiber constituents and N fractions. A fraction of wet silage was ground with a blender for 30s. In vitro gas production was measured in 160 ml sealed serum vials at 3, 6, 9, 24, and 48 h using the wet ground silage. At 9 and 48 h, rumen fluid was analyzed for volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial biomass yield (MBY). In all the three crops, the four inoculants produced only minor changes in pH and fermentation products during ensiling. Of the variables measured, soluble nonprotein N fractions were the characteristics most often affected by some inoculants. At 9 h incubation, in vitro gas production and VFA did not differ between control and inoculated silages, but MBY did. Among crops, alfalfa and corn silages had higher MBY than did bmr corn silage. Among inoculants, three of the four inoculated silages produced more MBY than did control. At 48 h, alfalfa silage produced higher MBY than did corn or bmr silage, and two of the inoculated silages had more MBY than did the control. There was no inoculant by crop interaction. Results suggest that some silage inoculants are capable of altering rumen fermentation, even in cases where effects on silage fermentation are small, and that this effect may be linked to better preservation of crop protein during ensiling. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Contreras-Govea, Francisco E.] New Mexico State Univ, Plant & Environm Sci Dept, Agr Sci Ctr Artesia, Artesia, NM 88210 USA. [Muck, Richard E.; Mertens, David R.; Weimer, Paul J.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Contreras-Govea, FE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Plant & Environm Sci Dept, Agr Sci Ctr Artesia, 67 E 4 Dinkus Road, Artesia, NM 88210 USA. EM fecontre@nmsu.edu NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 163 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.09.015 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 715BQ UT WOS:000286855800001 ER PT J AU Bantchev, GB Biresaw, G Mohamed, A Moser, J AF Bantchev, Grigor B. Biresaw, Girma Mohamed, Abdellatif Moser, Jill TI Temperature dependence of the oxidative stability of corn oil and polyalphaolefin in the presence of sulfides SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Autoxidation; Bio-based lubricant; Differential scanning calorimetry; Polyalphaolefin; Polysulfide; Pressure DSC; Sulfide; Vegetable oil ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; VEGETABLE-OILS; ORGANIC SULFIDES; KINETICS; ESTERS; DSC; DECOMPOSITION; AUTOXIDATION; LUBRICANTS AB The effect of sulfide-modified corn oil (SMCO) and ditertiary dodecyl pentasulfide (PS) additives on the oxidative stability of corn oil (CO) and polyalphaolefin oil (PAO) was investigated using pressurized differential scanning calorimetry in dynamic (DDSC) and isothermal (IDSC) modes. DDSC showed a weak pro-oxidant effect of SMCO and PS in CO, and antioxidant behavior in PAO. Analysis of the IDSC data showed the existence of isokinetic temperature in both oils. Below the isokinetic temperature the sulfides behaved as antioxidants while above it they behaved as pro-oxidants. The isokinetic temperature was found to depend on the chemical structure of the oils. For the highly unsaturated CO, the isokinetic temperature was 100-135 degrees C. while for the fully saturated PAO it was above 200 C. The existence of isokinetic temperature provides consistent explanation to our and literature data for oxidation behaviors of sulfide additives in oils, which appears to be contradictory (pro-oxidant vs. antioxidant) depending on experimental conditions. The isokinetic temperature suggests that accelerated oxidation test methods at elevated temperatures are poor predictors of the low-temperature performance of sulfide-containing antioxidants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bantchev, Grigor B.; Biresaw, Girma] Agr Res Serv, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mohamed, Abdellatif] Agr Res Serv, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Moser, Jill] Agr Res Serv, Funct Food Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bantchev, GB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Grigor.Bantchev@ARS.USDA.gov OI Bantchev, Grigor/0000-0003-2790-5195 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 513 IS 1-2 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2010.11.017 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 717OC UT WOS:000287056300014 ER PT J AU Thiele, I Hyduke, DR Steeb, B Fankam, G Allen, DK Bazzani, S Charusanti, P Chen, FC Fleming, RMT Hsiung, CA De Keersmaecker, SCJ Liao, YC Marchal, K Mo, ML Ozdemir, E Raghunathan, A Reed, JL Shin, SI Sigurbjornsdottir, S Steinmann, J Sudarsan, S Swainston, N Thijs, IM Zengler, K Palsson, BO Adkins, JN Bumann, D AF Thiele, Ines Hyduke, Daniel R. Steeb, Benjamin Fankam, Guy Allen, Douglas K. Bazzani, Susanna Charusanti, Pep Chen, Feng-Chi Fleming, Ronan M. T. Hsiung, Chao A. De Keersmaecker, Sigrid C. J. Liao, Yu-Chieh Marchal, Kathleen Mo, Monica L. Oezdemir, Emre Raghunathan, Anu Reed, Jennifer L. Shin, Sook-Il Sigurbjornsdottir, Sara Steinmann, Jonas Sudarsan, Suresh Swainston, Neil Thijs, Inge M. Zengler, Karsten Palsson, Bernhard O. Adkins, Joshua N. Bumann, Dirk TI A community effort towards a knowledge-base and mathematical model of the human pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECONSTRUCTION; ANNOTATION; METABOLISM; NETWORKS; GENOMES; PROTEIN AB Background: Metabolic reconstructions (MRs) are common denominators in systems biology and represent biochemical, genetic, and genomic (BiGG) knowledge-bases for target organisms by capturing currently available information in a consistent, structured manner. Salmonella enterica subspecies I serovar Typhimurium is a human pathogen, causes various diseases and its increasing antibiotic resistance poses a public health problem. Results: Here, we describe a community-driven effort, in which more than 20 experts in S. Typhimurium biology and systems biology collaborated to reconcile and expand the S. Typhimurium BiGG knowledge-base. The consensus MR was obtained starting from two independently developed MRs for S. Typhimurium. Key results of this reconstruction jamboree include i) development and implementation of a community-based workflow for MR annotation and reconciliation; ii) incorporation of thermodynamic information; and iii) use of the consensus MR to identify potential multi-target drug therapy approaches. Conclusion: Taken together, with the growing number of parallel MRs a structured, community-driven approach will be necessary to maximize quality while increasing adoption of MRs in experimental design and interpretation. C1 [Steeb, Benjamin; Bumann, Dirk] Univ Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland. [Thiele, Ines; Fleming, Ronan M. T.] Univ Iceland, Ctr Syst Biol, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Thiele, Ines] Univ Iceland, Fac Ind Engn Mech Engn & Comp Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Hyduke, Daniel R.; Fankam, Guy; Charusanti, Pep; Mo, Monica L.; Zengler, Karsten; Palsson, Bernhard O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Bioengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Allen, Douglas K.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Bazzani, Susanna] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Bioinformat & Biochem, Braunschweig, Germany. [Chen, Feng-Chi; Hsiung, Chao A.; Liao, Yu-Chieh] Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Biostat & Bioinformat, Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Zhunan, Taiwan. [Fleming, Ronan M. T.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [De Keersmaecker, Sigrid C. J.; Marchal, Kathleen; Thijs, Inge M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Microbial & Plant Genet, Dept Microbial & Mol Syst, Louvain, Belgium. [Oezdemir, Emre] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Computat Syst Biotechnol, Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Raghunathan, Anu; Shin, Sook-Il] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Reed, Jennifer L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Sigurbjornsdottir, Sara; Steinmann, Jonas] Univ Iceland, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Sudarsan, Suresh] Tech Univ Dortmund, Dept Biochem & Chem Engn, Dortmund, Germany. [Swainston, Neil] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Swainston, Neil] Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Integrat Syst Biol, Manchester Interdisciplinary Bioctr, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Adkins, Joshua N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bumann, D (reprint author), Univ Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland. EM dirk.bumann@unibas.ch RI Reed, Jennifer/E-5137-2011; Liao, Yu-Chieh/E-5031-2011; Marchal, Kathleen/B-5001-2013; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; Chen, Feng-Chi /E-3841-2010; Hsiung, Chao Agnes/E-3994-2010; Allen, Doug/M-2836-2013; Thiele, Ines/A-7629-2014; OI Marchal, Kathleen/0000-0002-2169-4588; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Allen, Doug/0000-0001-8599-8946; Thiele, Ines/0000-0002-8071-7110; Liao, Yu-Chieh/0000-0002-4360-7932; Charusanti, Pep/0000-0003-0009-6615; Ozdemir, Emre/0000-0001-5548-6720 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH/DHHS [Y1-AI-8401-01]; European Community [PIRG05-GA-2009-249261] FX The authors would like to thank R. Archila and K.C. Soh for participation at the opening day of the reconstruction jamboree. I.T. would like to thank M. Herrgard for the valuable discussions. This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH/DHHS through interagency agreement Y1-AI-8401-01. I.T. was supported in part by a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Program (PIRG05-GA-2009-249261). NR 46 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-5-8 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 714PS UT WOS:000286822100001 PM 21244678 ER PT J AU Albright, TP Pidgeon, AM Rittenhouse, CD Clayton, MK Flather, CH Culbert, PD Radeloff, VC AF Albright, Thomas P. Pidgeon, Anna M. Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. Clayton, Murray K. Flather, Curtis H. Culbert, Patrick D. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Heat waves measured with MODIS land surface temperature data predict changes in avian community structure SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Biodiversity; Birds; Climate change; Heat waves; Land surface temperature; Mixed effects models; MODIS; North American Breeding Bird Survey; PRISM; Species richness; United States ID POPULATION TRENDS; FAT RESERVES; CLIMATE; BIRDS; BIODIVERSITY; VALIDATION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; THERMOREGULATION; INFORMATION AB Heat waves are expected to become more frequent and severe as climate changes, with unknown consequences for biodiversity. We sought to identify ecologically-relevant broad-scale indicators of heat waves based on MODIS land surface temperature (LST) and interpolated air temperature data and assess their associations with avian community structure. Specifically, we asked which data source, time periods, and heat wave indices best predicted changes in avian abundance and species richness. Using mixed effects models, we analyzed associations between these indices and data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey in the central United States between 2000 and 2007 in four ecoregions and five migratory and nesting species groups. We then quantified avian responses to scenarios of severe, but commonly-occurring early, late, and summer-long heat waves. Indices based on MODIS LST data, rather than interpolated air temperatures, were more predictive of avian community structure. Avian communities were more related to 8-day LST exceedances (positive anomalies only); and were generally more sensitive to summer-long heat waves. Across the region, abundance, and to a lesser extent, species richness, declined following heat waves. Among the ecoregions, relationships were most consistently negative in the southern and montane ecoregions, but were positive in a more humid northern ecoregion. Among migratory groups, permanent resident species were the most sensitive, declining in abundance following a summer-long heat wave by 19% and 13% in the montane and southern ecoregions, respectively. Ground-nesting species, which declined in the south by 12% following a late summer heat wave, were more sensitive than avifauna overall. These results demonstrate the value of MODIS LST data for measuring ecologically-relevant heat waves across large regions. Ecologically, these findings highlight the importance of extreme events for avian biodiversity and the considerable variation in response to environmental change associated with different functional groups and geographic regions. The magnitude of the relationships between avian abundance and heat waves reported here raises concerns about the impacts of more frequent and severe heat waves in a warming climate. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Albright, Thomas P.; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Rittenhouse, Chadwick D.; Culbert, Patrick D.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clayton, Murray K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Albright, TP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, MS0154 Reno, Reno, NV 89558 USA. EM talbright@unr.edu; apidgeon@wisc.edu; cdrittenhous@wisc.edu; clayton@stat.wisc.edu; cflather@fs.fed.us; pdculbert@wisc.edu; radeloff@wisc.edu RI Rittenhouse, Chadwick/G-7169-2012; Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 FU NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the NASA Biodiversity Program and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We thank the R project and the developers of the nlme, GeoR, and gplots modules. MODIS data were reprojected with the MODIS reprojection tool 4.0 (USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD, USA). All spatial summaries were calculated using ERDAS 9.0 (ERDAS, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) and ArcGIS 9.2 with the aid of Python 2.4 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). M. Ozdogan, S. Stewart, and four anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. Finally, we thank the many coordinators and volunteers who make BBS possible. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 1 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.08.024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 685YH UT WOS:000284663500022 ER PT J AU Barkley, NA Wang, ML Pittman, RN AF Barkley, Noelle A. Wang, Ming Li Pittman, Roy N. TI A real-time PCR genotyping assay to detect FAD2A SNPs in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid composition; gas chromatography; peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.); real-time PCR; SNP genotyping ID HIGH-OLEATE TRAIT; HIGH OLEIC-ACID; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; CULTIVATED PEANUT; MINI-CORE; REGISTRATION; DESATURASE; INHERITANCE; LINES AB The high oleic (C18:1) phenotype in peanuts has been previously demonstrated to result from a homozygous recessive genotype (ol(1)ol(1)ol(2)ol(2)) in two homeologous fatty acid desaturase genes (FAD2A and FAD2B) with two key SNPs. These mutant SNPs, specifically G448A in FAD2A and 442insA in FAD2B, significantly limit the normal function of the desaturase enzyme activity which converts oleic acid into linoleic acid by the addition of a second double bond in the hydrocarbon chain. Previously, a genotyping assay was developed to detect wild type and mutant alleles in FAD2B. A real-time PCR assay has now been developed to detect wild type and mutant alleles (G448A) in FAD2A using either seed or leaf tissue. This assay was demonstrated to be applicable for the detection of homozygous and heterozygous samples. The FAD2A genotyping assay was validated by employing gas chromatography (GC) to determine total fatty acid composition and by genotyping peanut lines that have been well characterized. Overall, development of rapid assays such as real-time PCR which can identify key genotypes associated with important agronomic traits such as oleic acid, will improve breeding efficiency by targeting desirable genotypes at early stages of development. C1 [Barkley, Noelle A.; Wang, Ming Li; Pittman, Roy N.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM MingLi.Wang@ars.usda.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CATOLICA DE VALPARAISO PI VALPARAISO PA AV BRASIL 2950, PO BOX 4059, VALPARAISO, CHILE SN 0717-3458 J9 ELECTRON J BIOTECHN JI Electron. J. Biotechnol. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.2225/vol14-issue1-fulltext-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 804BY UT WOS:000293630100009 ER PT J AU Sinz, A Gardiner, ES Lockhart, BR Souter, RA AF Sinz, Alexander Gardiner, Emile S. Lockhart, Brian Roy Souter, Ray A. TI Morphological acclimation and growth of ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) advance regeneration following overstory harvesting in a Mississippi River floodplain forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Advance reproduction; Bottomland hardwood; Partial cutting; Shelterwood; Canopy cover; Seedling morphology; Root-shoot ratio ID FAGUS-SYLVATICA L.; OAK QUERCUS-RUBRA; NATURAL REGENERATION; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; HARDWOOD FOREST; BEECH SEEDLINGS; EXCELSIOR L.; SAPLINGS AB Stand-level growth responses and plant-level patterns of biomass accumulation and distribution were examined to learn how stand structure influences morphological acclimation and growth of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) advance regeneration following overstory harvesting. Nine, 20-ha plots that received clearcut harvesting (100% basal area removal), partial harvesting (50% basal area removal), or no harvesting (control) were sampled to measure height, root-collar diameter, leaf, stem and root biomass, and leaf mass ratio (LMR), stem mass ratio (SMR) and root mass ratio (RMR) of ash regeneration. Six years after treatment, plot-level analyses indicated that ash growth was greatest in plots receiving clearcut harvesting, and least in control plots. Examination of LMR. SMR and RMR revealed that this growth response was not associated with acclimation that altered plant morphology. Total biomass ranged 275-fold among sampled plants, and much of this variation was accounted for by measurements of stand leaf area index (LAI). Along the gradient of stand LAI, values greater than 2 inhibited biomass accumulation. Stand LAI values less than 1.5 promoted ash biomass accumulation which reached a maximum where LAI values approached 0.7 and tapered above or below this value. Our findings indicate that green ash regeneration can be managed beneath light canopy cover, and the ability of seedlings to establish and persist beneath closed canopies and vigorously respond to release without having to endure prolonged morphological acclimation provides flexibility in developing regeneration protocols. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gardiner, Emile S.; Lockhart, Brian Roy; Souter, Ray A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gardiner, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM egardiner@fs.fed.us FU Arkansas Forest Resources Center FX Field work for this research was conducted while AS was an intern at the Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research in Stoneville, MS, USA. We thank Anderson-Tully Company for access and use of the experimental site on Pittman Island. Partial funding for the establishment of the experimental infrastructure was provided by the Arkansas Forest Resources Center. Field and laboratory work was expedited through the help of Amy Abel, Ron Fisher, Beth Corbin, Stephanie Skojac and Danny Skojac. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 2 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.013 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 705KQ UT WOS:000286127700007 ER PT J AU Nettleton, WD Peterson, FF AF Nettleton, W. D. Peterson, F. F. TI Landform, soil, and plant relationships to nitrate accumulation, Central Nevada SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Holocene soils; Nitrate accumulation; Desert soils; Inset fans; Great Basin; Snowmelt; Denitrification ID BENEATH DESERT SOILS; MOJAVE DESERT; NITROGEN; RESERVOIR; DEPOSITS; SNOW AB Nitrate (NO(3)(-1)) accumulates in Haplocambids and Torrifluvents in inset fan and fan skirt positions in central Nevada. The soils store as much as 17,600 kg of NO(3)(-1) N ha(-1) within the upper 208 cm. This paper provides an explanation. These Holocene soils receive NO(3)(-1) N from mineralization of organic matter and other NO(3)(-1)N sources including snowmelt. The NO(3)(-1) is delivered to soils in the first part of snowmelt in run-off from the higher surfaces. The last part of the melt and the run-off, when sufficient, serve to move the NO(3)(-1) out of the root zone. Winter fat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), the most valuable winter grazing plant in the Great Basin, is the common plant on NO(3)(-1) N rich soils. The soils are loamy or sandy and lack horizons restricting water penetration or biological denitrification zones. Hence, some NO(3)(-1) is free to leach deeply past plant roots. Playas, wet floodplains, deeply gullied inset fans and well-developed soils accumulate little NO(3)(-1) except where the latter soils are capped by desert pavements and rarely, if ever become saturated with water. Soils with argillic or petrocalcic horizons or duripans on summits of alluvial fan remnants loose NO(3)(-1) through denitrification, or incorporate it in plants, commonly accumulating less than 50 kg of NO(3)(-1) N ha(-1). These soils however do accumulate salt as shown by their shadscale saltbush Aniplex confertifolia, bud sagebrush Picrothamnus desertorum, and four-wing saltbush Atriplex conescens shrub cover. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nettleton, W. D.] NRCS, USDA, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Peterson, F. F.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Nettleton, WD (reprint author), NRCS, USDA, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM dnettleton@inebraska.com NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 160 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.08.005 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 717UM UT WOS:000287072900001 ER PT J AU Rice, WC Gowda, PH AF Rice, William C. Gowda, Prasanna H. TI Influence of geographical location, crop type and crop residue cover on bacterial and fungal community structures SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Microbial assemblages; Habitat; Province; DGGE-PCR ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MICROBIAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; SALINITY GRADIENT; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ACTIVE BACTERIAL; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOIL AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of geographical location, crop type, and residue coverage on soil microbial assemblages in Sherm soil from 30 geographically separate commercial fields in Ochiltree and Moore Counties of Texas. Crop residue coverage was derived from spectral data and used to classify sorghum and wheat fields into high and low crop residue categories. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis-polymerase chain reaction (DGGE-PCR) assays employing universal PCR primers that target prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomal genes were used to evaluate microbial community structure. An interaction between geographical location, crop type, and crop residue coverage was observed. A 50% similarity level was observed for overall bacterial community structure as determined using 16S data while a 59% similarity was observed for overall fungal community structure using 18S data. For the 16S composite dataset, high overall rates of correct classification (ORCC) were observed based on the user-defined groups of county by crop by residue coverage. A similar result was observed for fungal community structure using primer set FR1GC-FF390. Our data support the hypothesis that there are multiple provinces and multiple habitats that govern the assemblage of free-living taxa within the Moore-Ochiltree County agroecosystem. An ancient microbial assemblage based on historical features was identified and is still visible despite the presence of different crop types and cropping systems (Conventional vs. Conservation). For sorghum and wheat grown in Moore and Ochiltree Counties, a two-province state (Moore and Ochiltree Counties) was defined comprised of four habitats i.e. sorghum and wheat habitats influence by degree of residue coverage. Crop type and residue coverage can affect microbial assemblages within a geographical context. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rice, William C.; Gowda, Prasanna H.] ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Rice, WC (reprint author), ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM William.rice@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 160 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.003 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 717UM UT WOS:000287072900002 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Hunsaker, CT Glass, DW Rau, BM Roath, BA AF Johnson, D. W. Hunsaker, C. T. Glass, D. W. Rau, B. M. Roath, B. A. TI Carbon and nutrient contents in soils from the Kings River Experimental Watersheds, Sierra Nevada Mountains, California SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Quantitative soil pit; Carbon; Nutrients; Coarse fragments; Sierra Nevada Mountains ID NITROGEN AB Soil C and nutrient contents were estimated for eight watersheds in two sites (one high elevation, Bull, and one low elevation, Providence) in the Kings River Experimental Watersheds in the western Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Eighty-seven quantitative pits were dug to measure soil bulk density and total rock content, while three replicate surface samples were taken nearby with a bucket auger (satellite samples) to the same depth as surface pit samples. Results showed that the higher elevation Bull watersheds had significantly greater C, N, and B contents and significantly lower extractable P. exchangeable Ca(2+). Mg(2+), and Na(+) contents (kg ha(-1)) and lower pH than the lower elevation Providence watersheds. Soil NH(4)(+) and mineral N contents were high in both the Bull and Providence watersheds and could not be related to any measured soil property or attributed to known rates of atmospheric deposition. Nutrient analyses on satellite samples were comparable to those taken from pits when averaged on a watershed or site (Bull and Providence) scale, but quite variable on an individual grid point basis. Elevated Zn values from the quantitative pit samples suggested contamination by field sieving through a galvanized screen. Had the amount of large rocks within the soil sample not been accounted for with quantitative pit analyses, estimates of fine earth and associated C and nutrient contents (kg ha(-1)) would have been overestimated by 16 to 43%. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, D. W.; Glass, D. W.; Rau, B. M.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hunsaker, C. T.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Roath, B. A.] US Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu FU Forest Service research area of the National Fire Plan; National Science Foundation, through the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory [EAR-0725097] FX We wish to thank Alan Gallegos of the Sierra National Forest for assisting us with this large sampling effort that took several years. The establishment of KREW would not have been possible without funding from the Forest Service research area of the National Fire Plan. Parts of the research received support from the National Science Foundation, through the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (EAR-0725097). NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 160 IS 3-4 BP 490 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.019 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 717UM UT WOS:000287072900024 ER PT J AU Xiao, JF Zhuang, QL Law, BE Baldocchi, DD Chen, JQ Richardson, AD Melillo, JM Davis, KJ Hollinger, DY Wharton, S Oren, R Noormets, A Fischer, ML Verma, SB Cook, DR Sun, G McNulty, S Wofsy, SC Bolstad, PV Burns, SP Curtis, PS Drake, BG Falk, M Foster, DR Gu, LH Hadley, JL Katulk, GG Litvak, M Ma, SY Martinz, TA Matamala, R Meyers, TP Monson, RK Munger, JW Oechel, WC Paw, UKT Schmid, HP Scott, RL Starr, G Suyker, AE Torn, MS AF Xiao, Jingfeng Zhuang, Qianlai Law, Beverly E. Baldocchi, Dennis D. Chen, Jiquan Richardson, Andrew D. Melillo, Jerry M. Davis, Kenneth J. Hollinger, David Y. Wharton, Sonia Oren, Ram Noormets, Asko Fischer, Marc L. Verma, Shashi B. Cook, David R. Sun, Ge McNulty, Steve Wofsy, Steven C. Bolstad, Paul V. Burns, Sean P. Curtis, Peter S. Drake, Bert G. Falk, Matthias Foster, David R. Gu, Lianhong Hadley, Julian L. Katulk, Gabriel G. Litvak, Marcy Ma, Siyan Martinz, Timothy A. Matamala, Roser Meyers, Tilden P. Monson, Russell K. Munger, J. William Oechel, Walter C. Paw, U. Kyaw Tha Schmid, Hans Peter Scott, Russell L. Starr, Gregory Suyker, Andrew E. Torn, Margaret S. TI Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Net ecosystem carbon exchange; Eddy covariance; MODIS; Carbon sink; U S; Interannual variability; Drought; Disturbance ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SOIL RESPIRATION; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; FORESTS; MODIS; VEGETATION; CO2; DISTURBANCE AB More accurate projections of future carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and associated climate change depend on improved scientific understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Despite the consensus that U.S. terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink, the size, distribution, and interannual variability of this sink remain uncertain. Here we report a terrestrial carbon sink in the conterminous U.S. at 0.63 pg C yr(-1) with the majority of the sink in regions dominated by evergreen and deciduous forests and savannas. This estimate is based on our continuous estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) with high spatial (1 km) and temporal (8-day) resolutions derived from NEE measurements from eddy covariance flux towers and wall-to-wall satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We find that the U.S. terrestrial ecosystems could offset a maximum of 40% of the fossil-fuel carbon emissions Our results show that the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink varied between 0.51 and 0.70 pg C yr(-1) over the period 2001-2006. The dominant sources of interannual variation of the carbon sink Included extreme climate events and disturbances. Droughts in 2002 and 2006 reduced the U.S. carbon sink by similar to 20% relative to a normal year. Disturbances including wildfires and hurricanes reduced carbon uptake or resulted in carbon release at regional scales. Our results provide an alternative, independent, and novel constraint to the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Melillo, Jerry M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wharton, Sonia; Falk, Matthias; Paw, U. Kyaw Tha] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oren, Ram; Katulk, Gabriel G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Cook, David R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steve] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Foster, David R.; Hadley, Julian L.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Litvak, Marcy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Martinz, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Res Ctr Karlsruhe FZK IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiao, JF (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy (DOE) FX This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Department of Energy (DOE) We thank the principal investigators and contributors of the MODIS data products the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DACCC) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) Data Gateway for making these MODIS data products available The Level I Ecoregions map of North America was obtained from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the Biscuit fire severity data from J Thompson Harvard University and the PRISM climate database from the PRISM Group Oregon State University Computing support was provided by the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing Purdue University We also thank anonymous reviewers and Dr Anne Verhoef for their valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript [The EC-MOD dataset is available upon request] NR 54 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.002 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694UV UT WOS:000285325400006 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Li, JC Wang, ZH Jiang, HY Beier, RC Xu, F Shen, JZ Ding, SY AF Zhu, Kui Li, Jiancheng Wang, Zhanhui Jiang, Haiyang Beier, Ross C. Xu, Fei Shen, Jianzhong Ding, Shuangyang TI Simultaneous detection of multiple chemical residues in milk using broad-specificity antibodies in a hybrid immunosorbent assay SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE ELISA; FLISA; Melamine; Quantum dots; Quinolones; Sulfonamides ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHICKEN MUSCLE-TISSUE; QUANTUM-DOT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS; FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; NANOPARTICLES; ELISA; SULFAMETHAZINE; ENROFLOXACIN AB In this study, a novel immunoassay using 2 types of sensors (QDs and an enzyme) were simultaneously used for detecting multiple structurally different molecules in milk. The method integrates the fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using QD605 and QD655 as probes and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled secondary antibody. The FLISA was produced by anti-sulfonamide and anti-quinolone broad-specificity monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for simultaneously detecting 6 sulfonamides and 11 quinolones. Combined with the FLISA, an ELISA was utilized for detecting melamine from the same milk samples. The cross-reactivity of the MAbs was retained while binding the QDs by using avidin and a secondary antibody as bridges. Milk samples were detected using this hybrid immunoassay, with limits of detection CLOD) of the quinolones (0.18 ng mL(-1)), sulfonamides (0.17 ng mL(-1)) and melamine (7.5 ng mL(-1)), respectively. The results demonstrated that the detection limits of the integrated methods were better than required and simplified the sample pretreatment process. The developed immunoassay is suitable for high-throughput screening of low-molecular weight contaminants. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Kui; Li, Jiancheng; Wang, Zhanhui; Jiang, Haiyang; Xu, Fei; Shen, Jianzhong; Ding, Shuangyang] China Agr Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Kui; Li, Jiancheng; Wang, Zhanhui; Jiang, Haiyang; Xu, Fei; Shen, Jianzhong; Ding, Shuangyang] Natl Reference Lab Residues Vet Drugs, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Shen, JZ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM sjz@cau.edu.cn; dingsy@cau.edu.cn OI Wang, Zhanhui/0000-0002-0167-9559 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30830082, 31072171]; Eleventh Five-year Plan for Sci &Tech Research of China [2009BADB9B03]; University of China [IRT0866] FX This work was supported by grants from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30830082), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31072171), Eleventh Five-year Plan for Sci &Tech Research of China (No. 2009BADB9B03) and the program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team at the University of China (No. IRT0866). NR 25 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 2716 EP 2719 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.011 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 715RW UT WOS:000286904400153 PM 20947327 ER PT J AU Salazar-Villalpando, MD Miller, AC AF Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D. Miller, Adam C. TI Hydrogen production by methane decomposition and catalytic partial oxidation of methane over Pt/CexGd1 (-) O-x(2) and Pt/CexZr1 (-) O-x(2) SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Partial oxidation of methane; Zirconia doped ceria; Hydrogen production; Methane decomposition; Gadolinium doped ceria ID OXYGEN STORAGE CAPACITY; TRIVALENT DOPANTS; SYNTHESIS GAS; CERIUM OXIDE; REDOX; TRANSPORT; CEO2; CONDUCTIVITY; SYNGAS; RH AB Hydrogen production by methane decomposition and catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) over Pt/(Ce0.91Gd0.09)O-2 (-) (x) and Pr/(Ce0.56Zr0.44)O2 - x were studied. Results show that during the methane decomposition tests, in the absence of gaseous oxygen, hydrogen and CO were the main products and very small quantities of CO2 were recorded. The generation of these products lasted for about 2 h, indicating that in the catalytic stability of these materials, the carrier plays an important factor. The addition of Gd and Zr cations to ceria had a positive effect on the catalysts stability. Regarding the catalytic partial oxidation of methane, a stable hydrogen production was recorded for 20 h. Here, it is proposed that the formation of a Pt-O-Ce bond causes high stability of Pt in Ce-containing supports under oxidizing conditions at high temperatures because this bond may act as an anchor, inhibiting the sintering of Pt. The deposited carbon during the catalytic tests was oxidized and the CO2 profiles showed a sharper peak appearing at a lower temperature and a broader peak at the higher temperature. The first peak may correspond to the oxidation of coke on and in the vicinity of the metal and the second CO2 peak may represent the coke on the carrier. The CPOM as a function of O/C ratio was studied. It was observed that the catalyst with a higher ionic conductivity, Pt/(Ce0.91Gd0.09)O-2 (-) (x), generated a lower amount of deposited carbon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D.] USDA, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Miller, Adam C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Salazar-Villalpando, MD (reprint author), USDA, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM maria.salazar@netl.doe.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 166 IS 2 BP 738 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.076 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 718FP UT WOS:000287106800035 ER PT J AU Bryant, RJ McClung, AM AF Bryant, R. J. McClung, A. M. TI Volatile profiles of aromatic and non-aromatic rice cultivars using SPME/GC-MS SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aroma; Flavour; Oryza sativa L.; Rice; Scented rice; SPME; GC/MS; Volatiles ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ORYZA-SATIVA; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; FLAVOR COMPONENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRAGRANT RICE; SCENTED RICE; STORED RICE; 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE; HEADSPACE AB Rice (Oryza sativa L) is enjoyed by many people as a staple food because of its flavour and texture. Some cultivars, like scented rice, are preferred over others due to their distinctive aroma and flavour. The volatile profile of rice has been explored by other investigators, some of whom have also determined a corresponding aroma using GC/olfactometry. However, little research has been done to determine if different aromatic rice cultivars produce different flavour volatiles that would make them more desirable than others when cooked. In this study, seven aromatic and two non-aromatic cultivars were examined for their volatile profiles both before and after storage using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibres in conjunction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Ninety-three volatile compounds were identified, 64 of which had not been previously reported in rice. Differences were found in the volatile compounds of aromatic and non-aromatic rice besides 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP). Most of the volatile compounds were present in freshly harvested rice and rice following storage, with very few new compounds being identified only after storage. Dellrose, an aromatic cultivar, and Cocodrie, a non-aromatic cultivar, had the most complex volatile profiles (over 64 volatiles). Sixteen compounds were found only in the aromatic cultivars, and some volatiles were found to be unique to specific aromatic cultivars. However, no distinctive pattern was observed that would identify a cultivar as being derived from Basmati, Khao Dawk Mali 105 (i.e. jasmine), or other sources of aroma. This study showed that there is a great diversity of volatiles in both aromatic and non-aromatic rice cultivars and, with further research, this may lead to a better understanding of the combination of compounds that gives a cultivar a unique flavour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bryant, R. J.; McClung, A. M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Bryant, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM rolfe.bryant@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 33 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 2 BP 501 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.061 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 658DN UT WOS:000282470500013 ER PT J AU Picklo, MJ Azenkeng, A Hoffmann, MR AF Picklo, Matthew J. Azenkeng, Alexander Hoffmann, Mark R. TI Trans-4-oxo-2-nonenal potently alters mitochondrial function SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Aldehyde dehydrogenase; GSH; Lipid peroxidation; Mitochondria; Uncoupling, carbonyls; Scavengers; Free radicals ID POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; LIPID-PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; 4-HYDROXY-2(E)-NONENAL ENANTIOMERS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; UNCOUPLING PROTEINS; BRAIN MITOCHONDRIA; CROSS-LINKING; GLUTATHIONE AB Alzheimer disease elevates lipid peroxidation in the brain and data indicate that the resulting lipid-aldehydes are pathological effectors of lipid peroxidation. The disposition of 4-substituted nonenals derived from arachidonate (20:4, n-6) and linoleate (18:2, n-6) oxidation is modulated by their protein adduction targets, their metabolism, and the nature of the 4-substitutent. Trans-4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) has a higher toxicity in some systems than the more commonly studied trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). In this work, we performed a structure-function analysis of 4-hydroxy/oxoalkenal upon mitochondrial endpoints. We tested the hypotheses that 4-ONE, owing to a highly reactive nature, is more toxic than HNE and that HNE toxicity is enantioselective. We chose to study freshly isolated brain mitochondria because of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Whereas there was little effect related to HNE chirality, our data indicate that in the mitochondrial environment, the order of toxic potency under most conditions was 4-ONE> HNE. 4-ONE uncoupled mitochondrial respiration at a concentration of 5 mu M and inhibited aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activity with an IC(50) of approximately 0.5 mu M. The efficacy of altering mitochondrial endpoints was ALDH2 inhibition>respiration = mitochondrial swelling = ALDH5A inhibition>GSH depletion. Thiol-based alkenal scavengers, but not amine-based scavengers, were effective in blocking the effects of 4-ONE upon respiration. Quantum mechanical calculations provided insights into the basis for the elevated reactivity of 4-ONE> HNE. Our data demonstrate that 4-ONE is a potent effector of lipid peroxidation in the mitochondrial environment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Picklo, Matthew J.] ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Picklo, Matthew J.; Hoffmann, Mark R.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Picklo, Matthew J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Azenkeng, Alexander] Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Picklo, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM matthew.picklo@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 2 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.014 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 717UT UT WOS:000287073600020 PM 21092757 ER PT J AU Wu, Q Shigaki, T Williams, KA Han, JS Kim, CK Hirschi, KD Park, S AF Wu, Qingyu Shigaki, Toshiro Williams, Kimberly A. Han, Jeung-Sul Kim, Chang Kil Hirschi, Kendal D. Park, Sunghun TI Expression of an Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ antiporter CAX1 variant in petunia enhances cadmium tolerance and accumulation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; CAX; Petunia; Phytoremediation; Transporter ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; METAL HYPERACCUMULATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; TOXIC METALS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; TRANSPORT; TOBACCO; TONOPLAST; STRESS; EXCHANGERS AB Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and minimally invasive technology to cleanse soils contaminated with heavy metals. However, few plant species are suitable for phytoremediation of metals such as cadmium (Cd). Genetic engineering offers a powerful tool to generate plants that can hyperaccumulate Cd. An Arabidopsis CAX1 mutant (CAXcd), which confers enhanced Cd transport in yeast, was ectopically expressed in petunia to evaluate whether the CAXcd expression would enhance Cd tolerance and accumulation in planta. The CAXcd-expressing petunia plants showed significantly greater Cd tolerance and accumulation than the controls. After being treated with either 50 or 100 mu M CdCl2 for 6 weeks, the CAXcd-expressing plants showed more vigorous growth compared with controls, and the transgenic plants accumulated significantly more Cd (up to 2.5-fold) than controls. Moreover, the accumulation of Cd did not affect the development and morphology of the CAXcd-expressing petunia plants until the flowering and ultimately the maturing of seeds. Therefore, petunia has the potential to serve as a model species for developing herbaceous, ornamental plants for phytoremediation. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Qingyu; Williams, Kimberly A.; Park, Sunghun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Horticulture Forestry & Recreat Resources, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Shigaki, Toshiro; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Han, Jeung-Sul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Ecol Environm Conservat, Sangju 742711, South Korea. [Kim, Chang Kil] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. [Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Horticulture Forestry & Recreat Resources, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM shpark@ksu.edu RI Wu, Qingyu/E-4636-2017 OI Wu, Qingyu/0000-0003-3064-2445 FU NIHHS RDA-KSU; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Korea; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2005-34402-16401] FX This research was supported by the NIHHS RDA-KSU Cooperative Research Project (SHP, KAW and JSH), the Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Korea (CKK) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant CSRESS#2005-34402-16401 Designing Foods for Health (SHP and KDH). NR 42 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.06.005 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 728TQ UT WOS:000287897800012 PM 20633955 ER PT J AU Ford, JJ Wise, TH AF Ford, J. J. Wise, T. H. TI Assessment of pubertal development of boars derived from ultrasonographic determination of testicular diameter SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boar; Puberty; Testis; Seminiferous tubule; Ultrasonography ID PREPUBERTAL RAM LAMBS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; DIFFERENT BREEDS; SPERM PRODUCTION; AI BOARS; GROWTH; TESTIS AB At the onset of puberty, serniniferous tubules rapidly increase in diameter, thereby occupying a greater proportion of the testis, resulting in a rapid increase in testicular size. The objective of the current studies was to evaluate ultrasonography for assessing testicular diameter, as a basis for ranking boars relative to their extent of pubertal development. In the initial study, prior to castration at 4, 5, 6, or 7 mo of age, testicular length and diameter were assessed by ultrasonography in 160 anesthetized boars. After castration, testes were weighed. Mean diameter of seminiferous tubules and percentage of the testis occupied by tubules were determined by histological evaluations of all testes. Testicular volume was calculated from length and diameter and was correlated with testicular weight (P < 0.001; r >= 0.78) within each of the four age groups. At 4 and 5 mo of age, testicular diameter correlated positively (P < 0.001) with diameter of seminiferous tubules; this relationship was not significant at older ages. In two subsequent studies, testicular diameter determined ultrasonographically in conscious boars was highly correlated (r > 0.8) when assessed twice on the same day, or when diameter of the right was compared with diameter of the left testis. Similarly, testicular diameter obtained initially at 92 d of age correlated positively (P < 0.001) with the diameter observed at older ages, but the magnitude of the relationship decreased as time between evaluations increased. These findings supported ultrasonographic determination of testicular diameter during early pubertal development, as a means to rank boars of similar chronological age for extent of pubertal development. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ford, J. J.; Wise, T. H.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ford, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM joe.ford@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.08.010 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 704EW UT WOS:000286034900006 PM 20961607 ER PT J AU Schmidt, J Beegle, D Zhu, Q Sripada, R AF Schmidt, J. Beegle, D. Zhu, Q. Sripada, R. TI Improving in-season nitrogen recommendations for maize using an active sensor SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Precision agriculture; Spatial variability ID SOIL RESIDUAL NITRATE; FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS; IRRIGATED MAIZE; USE EFFICIENCY; CORN; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; REQUIREMENTS; VARIABILITY; PHOTOGRAPHY AB An active crop canopy reflectance sensor could be used to increase N-use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.), if temporal and spatial variability in soil N availability and plant demand are adequately accounted for with an in-season N application. Our objective was to evaluate the success of using an active canopy sensor for developing maize N recommendations. This study was conducted in 21 farmers' fields from 2007 to 2009, representing the maize production regions of east central and southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Four blocks at each site included seven sidedress N rates (0-280 kg N ha(-1)) and one at-planting N rate of 280 kg N ha(-1). Canopy reflectance in the 590 nm and 880 nm wavelengths, soil samples, chlorophyll meter (SPAD) measurements and above-ground biomass were collected at the 6th-7th-leaf growth stage (V6-V7). Relative amber normalized difference vegetative index (ANDVI(relative)) and relative SPAD (SPAD(relative)) were determined based on the relative measurements from the zero sidedress treatment to the 280 kg N ha(-1) at-planting treatment. Observations from the current study were compared to relationships between economic optimum N rate (EONR) and ANDVI(relative), presidedress NO(3) test (PSNT), or SPAD(relative) that were developed from a previous study. These comparisons were based on an absolute mean difference (AMD) between observed EONR and the previously determined predicted relationships. The AMD for the relationship between EONR and ANDVI(relative) in the current study was 46 kg N ha(-1). Neither the PSNT (AMD = 66 kg N ha(-1)) nor the SPAD(relative) (AMD = 72 kg N ha(-1)) provided as good an indicator of EONR. When using all the observations from the two studies for the relationships between EONR and the various measurements, ANDVI(relative) (R(2) = 0.65) provided a better estimate of EONR than PSNT (R(2) = 0.49) or SPAD(relative) (not significant). Crop reflectance captured similar information as the PSNT and SPAD(relative), as reflected in strong relationships (R(2)>0.60) among these variables. Crop canopy reflectance using an active sensor (i.e. ANDVI(relative)) provided as good or better an indicator of EONR than PSNT or SPAD(relative), and provides an opportunity to easily adjust in-season N applications spatially. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schmidt, J.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, D.; Zhu, Q.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sripada, R.] Monsanto Co, Technol Dev, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Schmidt, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM john.schmidt@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 14 PY 2011 VL 120 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.09.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 743OA UT WOS:000289026500011 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Ozkan, S Ankala, A Windham, GL AF Williams, W. Paul Ozkan, Seval Ankala, Arunkanth Windham, Gary L. TI Ear rot, aflatoxin accumulation, and fungal biomass in maize after inoculation with Aspergillus flavus SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Diallel; Maize ID GERMPLASM LINE; KERNEL INFECTION; RESISTANCE; REGISTRATION; CORN; FIELD; INHERITANCE; MYCOTOXINS; GENOTYPES; MP313E AB Aflatoxin, a toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link: Fries, occurs naturally in maize (Zea mays L.). Aflatoxin is a potent human carcinogen and is also toxic to livestock, pets, and wildlife. When contaminated with aflatoxin, the value of maize grain is markedly reduced. This investigation was conducted to compare ear rot, aflatoxin accumulation, and fungal biomass in maize single crosses with varying degrees of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation and to determine the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in the inheritance of resistance to ear rot, aflatoxin accumulation, and fungal biomass. Eight germplasm lines with different levels of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation were used as parents of a diallel cross. The cross was evaluated for visible ear rot, aflatoxin accumulation, and A. flavus infection in the grain. A. flans infection was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. Both GCA and SCA were significant sources of variation in the inheritance of the three traits although GCA accounted for a greater portion of the variation among single crosses. The interactions of GCA and SCA with years were highly significant for aflatoxin accumulation, but not significant for A. flavus infection. Estimates of GCA effects were highly significant for both reduced A. flavus infection and reduced aflatoxin accumulation for Mp313E, Mp715, and Mp717. Conversely, GCA effects associated with GA209 were significant for reduced levels of A. flavus infection and ear rot, but high levels of aflatoxin accumulation. Mp313E, Mp715, and Mp717 should be useful in breeding programs targeting both reduced levels of fungal infection and aflatoxin accumulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, W. Paul; Ozkan, Seval; Ankala, Arunkanth; Windham, Gary L.] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistant Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistant Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM paul.williams@ars.usda.gov RI Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011 OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 14 PY 2011 VL 120 IS 1 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.10.002 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 743OA UT WOS:000289026500022 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Korytkowski, CA AF Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. TI New species of and taxonomic notes on Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; taxonomy AB Seven new species of Anastrepha are described and illustrated: A. conflua (Costa Rica), A. levefasciata (Peru), A. nolazcoae (Peru), A. paradentata (Mexico), A. raveni (Peru), A. trivittata (Brazil: Amazonas), and A. woodleyi (Bolivia). Anastrepha nunezae Steyskal, 1977, is recognized as a synonym of A. mucronota Stone, 1942, and A. pseudanomala Norrbom is recorded for the first time from Ecuador. C1 [Norrbom, Allen L.] Smithsonian Inst, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Korytkowski, Cheslavo A.] Univ Panama, Programa Maestria Entomol Vice Rectoria Invest &, Panama City, Panama. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov; cheslavok@cableonda.net NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 14 PY 2011 IS 2740 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 707JQ UT WOS:000286282700001 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Ioerger, BP Blackwell, DL AF Bean, S. R. Ioerger, B. P. Blackwell, D. L. TI Separation of Kafirins on Surface Porous Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cereal proteins; HPCE; kafirins; reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; RP-HPLC; SDS-PAGE; sorghum ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SEPARATION; SORGHUM PROTEIN EXTRACTION; STORAGE PROTEINS; WHEAT PROTEINS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; MAIZE; DIGESTIBILITY; GRAIN; GLUTENIN; LINES AB Surface porous high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns were investigated for the separation of kafirins, storage proteins of grain sorghum. Kafirins were successfully separated using C3, C8, and C18 surface porous stationary phases in less than 17 min. Separations using a monolithic C18 stationary phase were also developed and were slightly faster than those achieved on the surface porous C18 stationary phase. However, the resolution was higher on the latter column. Using an ammonium hydroxide/acetonitrile mobile phase, separations were performed on a novel, alkaline stable surface porous C18 stationary phase. The resolution at alkaline pH was not as high, however, as with the traditional acidic acetonitrile mobile phases. In comparison to fully porous stationary phases, the surface porous phases provided higher resolution with much lower separation times (17 versus 40 min). Total peak areas were correlated to total protein content of sorghum (r(2) = 0.96; n = 10), and a method to measure in vitro pepsin digestibility using reversed-phase (RP)HPLC peak areas showed good correlation to the traditional nitrogen combustion method (r(2) = 0.82; n = 20). Thus, the surface porous stationary phases could be used not only for more rapid separations but also to provide simultaneous information on total protein content and digestibility. C1 [Bean, S. R.; Ioerger, B. P.; Blackwell, D. L.] ARS, CGAHR, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), ARS, CGAHR, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM scott.bean@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1021/jf1036195 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700JP UT WOS:000285735200009 PM 21141963 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Burow, ME Wiese, TE Shih, BY Elliott, S Carter-Wientjes, CH McLachlan, JA Bhatnagar, D AF Boue, Stephen M. Burow, Matthew E. Wiese, Thomas E. Shih, Betty Y. Elliott, Steven Carter-Wientjes, Carol H. McLachlan, John A. Bhatnagar, Deepak TI Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Activities of Phytoalexins from Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Legume; red kidney bean; isoflavone; phytoalexin; estrogenic; antiestrogenic; kievitone; phaseollin ID RECEPTOR-ALPHA; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; HUMAN BREAST; SEED COAT; IN-VITRO; BETA; CANCER; PHYTOESTROGENS; GLYCEOLLINS; KIEVITONE AB Legumes are the predominant source of isoflavones considered to be phytoestrogens that mimic the hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Due to the risks associated with hormone replacement therapy, there is a growing need for alternative sources of estrogenic formulations for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Legume phytoalexins (induced isoflavones) are produced under conditions of stress that include insect damage, wounding, or application of elicitors. The estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of methanolic extracts obtained from red kidney bean treated with the fungus Aspergillus sojae were compared with those of untreated controls using an estrogen responsive element-based (ERE) luciferase reporter assay. A. sojae-treated red kidney bean extracts displayed both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. Analysis of elicitor-treated red kidney bean extracts showed that A. sojae treatments achieved maximal levels of kievitone at 1199 +/- 101 mu g/g and phaseollin at 227.8 +/- 44 mu g/g. The phytoalexins kievitone and phaseollin were isolated from A. sojae-treated red kidney bean extracts and analyzed for estrogenic activity using ER alpha and ER beta binding, ERE luciferase assays in MCF-7 and HEK 293 cells, and MCF-7 cell proliferation. Kievitone showed the highest relative binding affinity to ERa with kievitone (0.48%) > phaseollin (0.21%), and phaseollin showed the highest relative binding affinity to ER beta with phaseollin (0.53%) > kievitone (0.42%). In an ERE luciferase assay in MCF-7 cells, kievitone displayed high ER transactivation at 10 mu M; phaseollin displayed low ER transactivation. Both kievitone and phaseollin stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, with kievitone displaying agonist activity between 0.1 and 10 mu M. Cotransfection reporter assays performed in HEK 293 demonstrated that phaseollin selectively increased ERE transcriptional activity of ER beta and kievitone selectively increased ERE transcriptional activity of ERa. Although phaseollin displayed attenuation of ER transactivation in the ERE luciferase assay in MCF-7 cells, both phytoalexins attenuated the effects of E2 in an MCF-7 cell colonial survival assay. This work provides evidence that the red kidney bean phytoalexins kievitone and phaseollin possess both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. C1 [Boue, Stephen M.; Shih, Betty Y.; Carter-Wientjes, Carol H.; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Dept Med, Tulane Canc Ctr, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Elliott, Steven; McLachlan, John A.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Wiese, Thomas E.] Xavier Univ, Sch Pharm, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Boue, SM (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM sboue@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1021/jf102255u PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700JP UT WOS:000285735200013 PM 21133423 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Cesar, TB Jackson, E Mertens-Talcott, S AF Manthey, John A. Cesar, Thais B. Jackson, Erin Mertens-Talcott, Susanne TI Pharmacokinetic Study of Nobiletin and Tangeretin in Rat Serum by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nobiletin; tangeretin; demethylnobiletin; demethyltangeretin; pharmacokinetics; glucuronides; metabolites; bioavailability; flavonoids; Rutaceae ID CITRUS POLYMETHOXYLATED FLAVONES; URINARY METABOLITES; LIVER-MICROSOMES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; HAMSTERS; ORANGE; MOUSE; IDENTIFICATION; ABSORPTION; CELLS AB Nobiletin (NOB) and tangeretin (TAN), two of the main polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) in citrus, influence a number of key biological pathways in mammalian cells. Although the impacts of NOB and TAN on glucose homeostasis and cholesterol regulation have been investigated in human clinical trials, much information is still lacking about the metabolism and oral bioavailability of these compounds in animals. In this study, NOB and TAN were administered to rats by gavage and intraperitoneal (ip) injection, and the blood serum concentrations of these compounds and their main metabolites were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). In addition to the administered compounds, two metabolites of TAN and eight metabolites of NOB were detected and measured over 24 h. With identical oral doses, nearly 10-fold higher absorption of NOB occurred compared to TAN. For both compounds, maximum levels of glucuronidated metabolites occurred in the blood serum at later time points (similar to 5-8 h) compared to the earlier T-max a values for NOB and TAN. In most cases the glucuronides occurred at substantially higher concentrations than the aglycone metabolites. Low levels of NOB and TAN and their metabolites were detectable in rat blood serum even at 24 h after treatment. C1 [Manthey, John A.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Cesar, Thais B.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Nutr, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Jackson, Erin; Mertens-Talcott, Susanne] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Inst Obes Res & Program Evaluat, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, USDA, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov RI Mertens, Thomas/E-9826-2013; Cesar, Thais/I-4540-2013; OI Cesar, Thais/0000-0001-7878-7075; Mertens-Talcott, Susanne/0000-0003-2828-4044 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1021/jf1033224 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700JP UT WOS:000285735200017 PM 21133365 ER PT J AU Liu, R Krishnan, HB Xue, WT Liu, CY AF Liu, Rong Krishnan, Hari B. Xue, Wentong Liu, Chuyi TI Characterization of Allergens Isolated from the Freshwater Fish Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fish allergen; blunt snout bream; IgE immunoblotting; enolase; creatine kinase ID IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ARGININE KINASE; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; ENOLASE ALLERGEN; MAJOR ALLERGEN; BIRCH POLLEN; PARVALBUMIN; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB Fish are an important source of dietary protein for humans throughout the world. However, they are recognized as one of the most common food allergens and pose a serious health problem in countries where fish consumption is high. Many marine fish allergens have been extensively studied, but relatively little is known about freshwater fish allergens. This study identified two main allergens from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), a freshwater fish widely consumed in China. Sera from 11 patients with convincing clinical history of blunt snout bream allergy were utilized in IgE immunoblot analysis to identify prominent allergens. Several blunt snout bream proteins revealed specific binding to serum IgE, with the 47 and 41 kDa proteins being the most immunodominant among them. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) enabled resolution of the 47 and 41 kDa proteins into several protein spots with distinct isoelectric points. 2D SDS-PAGE along with IgE immunoblot analysis further confirmed the strong reactivity of these protein spots with the pooled sera from blunt snout bream-sensitive patients. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis of the peptides generated by trypsin digestion of the different spots corresponding to the 47 and 41 kDa proteins indicated that these spots were isoforms of enolase and muscle creatine kinase, respectively. The potential allergenicity of these proteins was further verified by an bioinformatics approach using the full-length and 80 amino acid sliding window FASTA searches, which revealed a significant amino acid sequence homology between blunt snout bream allergens and several known inhaled and crustacean allergens. C1 [Liu, Rong; Xue, Wentong; Liu, Chuyi] China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Xue, WT (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, POB 40,17 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xuewentong010@yahoo.com.cm NR 31 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 458 EP 463 DI 10.1021/jf103942p PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 700JP UT WOS:000285735200057 PM 21142203 ER PT J AU Baruch-Mordo, S Breck, SW Wilson, KR Broderick, J AF Baruch-Mordo, Sharon Breck, Stewart W. Wilson, Kenneth R. Broderick, John TI The Carrot or the Stick? Evaluation of Education and Enforcement as Management Tools for Human-Wildlife Conflicts SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN BLACK BEAR; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORES; PREDATION; PROGRAMS; LAW AB Evidence-based decision-making is critical for implementing conservation actions, especially for human-wildlife conflicts, which have been increasing worldwide. Conservation practitioners recognize that long-term solutions should include altering human behaviors, and public education and enforcement of wildlife-related laws are two management actions frequently implemented, but with little empirical evidence evaluating their success. We used a system where human-black bear conflicts were common, to experimentally test the efficacy of education and enforcement in altering human behavior to better secure attractants (garbage) from bears. We conducted 3 experiments in Aspen CO, USA to evaluate: 1) on-site education in communal dwellings and construction sites, 2) Bear Aware educational campaign in residential neighborhoods, and 3) elevated law enforcement at two levels in the core business area of Aspen. We measured human behaviors as the response including: violation of local wildlife ordinances, garbage availability to bears, and change in use of bear-resistance refuse containers. As implemented, we found little support for education, or enforcement in the form of daily patrolling in changing human behavior, but found more support for proactive enforcement, i.e., dispensing warning notices. More broadly we demonstrated the value of gathering evidence before and after implementing conservation actions, and the dangers of measuring responses in the absence of ecological knowledge. We recommend development of more effective educational methods, application of proactive enforcement, and continued evaluation of tools by directly measuring change in human behavior. We provide empirical evidence adding to the conservation managers' toolbox, informing policy makers, and promoting solutions to human-wildlife conflicts. C1 [Baruch-Mordo, Sharon; Wilson, Kenneth R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] USDA WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Broderick, John] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Baruch-Mordo, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Sharon.Baruch-Mordo@colostate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture - National Wildlife Research Center; city of Aspen [5353530]; Aspen Field Biology Lab; Jack H. Berryman Institute; Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation; Colorado Chapter of The Wildlife Society FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture - National Wildlife Research Center (SWB) (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/). Additional funds awarded by the city of Aspen to KRW (CSU account no. 5353530). Fellowship and scholarship support given to SBM by Aspen Field Biology Lab, Jack H. Berryman Institute, Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation, and the Colorado Chapter of The Wildlife Society. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e15681 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015681 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 710LX UT WOS:000286514300001 PM 21264267 ER PT J AU Alexander, JM Kueffer, C Daehler, CC Edwards, PJ Pauchard, A Seipel, T AF Alexander, Jake M. Kueffer, Christoph Daehler, Curtis C. Edwards, Peter J. Pauchard, Anibal Seipel, Tim CA MIREN Consortium TI Assembly of nonnative floras along elevational gradients explained by directional ecological filtering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE altitudinal gradient; dispersal; invasibility; nestedness; Rapoport effect ID SPECIES RICHNESS GRADIENTS; PLANT INVASIONS; NESTEDNESS ANALYSIS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; DIVERSITY; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Nonnative species richness typically declines along environmental gradients such as elevation. It is usually assumed that this is because few invaders possess the necessary adaptations to succeed under extreme environmental conditions. Here, we show that nonnative plants reaching high elevations around the world are not highly specialized stress tolerators but species with broad climatic tolerances capable of growing across a wide elevational range. These results contrast with patterns for native species, and they can be explained by the unidirectional expansion of nonnative species from anthropogenic sources at low elevations and the progressive dropping out of species with narrow elevational amplitudes-a process that we call directional ecological filtering. Independent data confirm that climatic generalists have succeeded in colonizing the more extreme environments at higher elevations. These results suggest that invasion resistance is not conferred by extreme conditions at a particular site but determined by pathways of introduction of nonnative species. In the future, increased direct introduction of nonnative species with specialized ecophysiological adaptations to mountain environments could increase the risk of invasion. As well as providing a general explanation for gradients of nonnative species richness and the importance of traits such as phenotypic plasticity for many invasive species, the concept of directional ecological filtering is useful for understanding the initial assembly of some native floras at high elevations and latitudes. C1 [Alexander, Jake M.; Kueffer, Christoph; Edwards, Peter J.; Seipel, Tim] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kueffer, Christoph; Daehler, Curtis C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pauchard, Anibal] Univ Concepcion, Lab Invas Biol, Concepcion, Chile. [Pauchard, Anibal] Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Concepcion, Chile. Univ La Laguna, Dept Ecol, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. Univ Concepcion, Dept Bot, Tenerife, Spain. Dept Environm Climate Change & Water, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [MIREN Consortium] Natl Herbarium Victoria, S Yarra, Vic 3141, Australia. RP Alexander, JM (reprint author), ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jake.alexander@env.ethz.ch RI Kueffer, Christoph/H-6091-2013; arevalo, Jose Ramon/C-6611-2014; Pauchard, Anibal/B-5034-2008; Alexander, Jake/P-2580-2014 OI Kueffer, Christoph/0000-0001-6701-0703; arevalo, Jose Ramon/0000-0003-2152-5212; Pauchard, Anibal/0000-0003-1284-3163; Alexander, Jake/0000-0003-2226-7913 FU Competence Center Environment and Sustainability [0-21214-07]; US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35320-17360]; Fondecyt [1040528]; Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio [P05-002]; Proyecto de Financiamiento [023]; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule Zurich) FX We thank Harry Olde Venterink, Andy Hector, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. J.M.A. was funded by the Competence Center Environment and Sustainability through the BioChange project (0-21214-07), C.K. was supported by Grant 2006-35320-17360 from the US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program, A.P. was funded by Fondecyt 1040528, Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio Project P05-002, and Proyecto de Financiamiento Basal Project 023, and T.S. was supported by a research grant from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule Zurich). NR 60 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 88 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 11 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 2 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1073/pnas.1013136108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704ZU UT WOS:000286097700044 PM 21187380 ER PT J AU Cameron, SA Lozier, JD Strange, JP Koch, JB Cordes, N Solter, LF Griswold, TL AF Cameron, Sydney A. Lozier, Jeffrey D. Strange, James P. Koch, Jonathan B. Cordes, Nils Solter, Leellen F. Griswold, Terry L. TI Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BOMBUS; CONSERVATION; POLLINATORS; PLANT; EXTINCTIONS; COMMUNITY; PATHOGEN; DYNAMICS; GENETICS AB Bumble bees (Bombus) are vitally important pollinators of wild plants and agricultural crops worldwide. Fragmentary observations, however, have suggested population declines in several North American species. Despite rising concern over these observations in the United States, highlighted in a recent National Academy of Sciences report, a national assessment of the geographic scope and possible causal factors of bumble bee decline is lacking. Here, we report results of a 3-y interdisciplinary study of changing distributions, population genetic structure, and levels of pathogen infection in bumble bee populations across the United States. We compare current and historical distributions of eight species, compiling a database of >73,000 museum records for comparison with data from intensive nationwide surveys of >16,000 specimens. We show that the relative abundances of four species have declined by up to 96% and that their surveyed geographic ranges have contracted by 23-87%, some within the last 20 y. We also show that declining populations have significantly higher infection levels of the microsporidian pathogen Nosema bombi and lower genetic diversity compared with co-occurring populations of the stable (nondeclining) species. Higher pathogen prevalence and reduced genetic diversity are, thus, realistic predictors of these alarming patterns of decline in North America, although cause and effect remain uncertain. C1 [Cameron, Sydney A.; Lozier, Jeffrey D.; Cordes, Nils] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cameron, Sydney A.; Lozier, Jeffrey D.; Cordes, Nils] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Strange, James P.; Koch, Jonathan B.; Griswold, Terry L.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Koch, Jonathan B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Solter, Leellen F.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Cameron, SA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM scameron@life.illinois.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [CSREES-NRI 2007-02274]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX We especially acknowledge R. Thorp for his early-warning observations of the declining status of B. franklini, which galvanized the bee community into action. We thank our associates and student assistants J. Knoblett, H. Ikerd, J. Grixti, I. Stewart, W. Stewart, P. Karnstedt, M. Behle, D. Bonnie, S. Czarnik, L. Lewis, D. Young, J. Cech, J. Whitfield, H. Hines, C. Rasmussen, C. Russell, and G. Lamba. We are indebted to the curators from the museums and institutions listed in Table S2 who loaned specimens or supplied electronic specimen data. We are grateful to D. Ditchburn, J. James-Heinz, M. Layne, J. Lucier, J. Whitfield, and T. Wilson for use of their photographs in Fig. 1 and L. Chittka, D. Janzen, D. Steinkraus, and J. Whitfield for critical reading of earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (CSREES-NRI 2007-02274) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 42 TC 356 Z9 367 U1 84 U2 441 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 11 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 2 BP 662 EP 667 DI 10.1073/pnas.1014743108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704ZU UT WOS:000286097700045 PM 21199943 ER PT J AU Elder, T Kush, JS Hermann, SM AF Elder, Thomas Kush, John S. Hermann, Sharon M. TI Thermogravimetric analysis of forest understory grasses SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Thermogravimetric analysis; Grasses; Activation energy; Forest; Fire ID COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS; DEVOLATILIZATION KINETICS; BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; CONE CALORIMETER; DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION; FUELS; TG AB Forest understory grasses are of significance in the initiation, establishment and maintenance of fire, whether used as a management tool or when occurring as wildfire. The fundamental thermal properties of such grasses are critical to their behavior in fire situations and have been investigated in the current work by the application of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA was performed in nitrogen and air, over a range of heating rates, allowing for the determination of activation energies and temperatures associated with the degradation of hemicelluloses and cellulose. Of particular interest is the behavior of Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass) an invasive species in the southern United States, which has been found to result in elevated temperatures during fires in forested ecosystems. The results from TGA for this species are in accord with these observations from the field. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Elder, Thomas] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Kush, John S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hermann, Sharon M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Elder, T (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us; kushjoh@auburn.edu; hermasm@auburn.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 512 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2010.10.001 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 715EP UT WOS:000286863600027 ER PT J AU Scheller, RM Hua, D Bolstad, PV Birdsey, RA Mladenoff, DJ AF Scheller, Robert M. Hua, Dong Bolstad, Paul V. Birdsey, Richard A. Mladenoff, David J. TI The effects of forest harvest intensity in combination with wind disturbance on carbon dynamics in Lake States Mesic Forests SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Forest harvesting; Harvest intensity; Biofuels; Soil organic carbon; Disturbance interactions; LANDIS-II; CENTURY soil model ID LANDSCAPE SIMULATION-MODEL; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; TREE SPECIES MIGRATION; UNITED-STATES; SOIL CARBON; OLD-GROWTH; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Total forest carbon (C) storage is determined by succession, disturbances, climate, and the edaphic properties of a site or region. Forest harvesting substantially affects C dynamics; these effects may be amplified if forest harvesting is intensified to provide biofuel feedstock. We tested the effects of harvest intensity on landscape C using a simulation modeling approach that included C dynamics, multiple disturbances, and successional changes in composition. We developed a new extension for the LANDIS-II forest landscape disturbance and succession model that incorporates belowground soil C dynamics derived from the CENTURY soil model. The extension was parameterized and calibrated using data from an experimental forest in northeastern Wisconsin, USA. We simulated a 9800 ha forested landscape over 400 years with wind disturbance combined with no harvesting, harvesting with residual slash left on site ('standard harvest'), and whole-tree harvesting. We also simulated landscapes without wind disturbance and without eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to examine the effects of detrital quantity and quality on C dynamics. We estimated changes in live C, detrital C, soil organic C, total C, and forest composition. Overall, the simulations without harvesting had substantially greater total C and continued to sequester C. Standard harvest simulations had more C than the whole tree harvest simulations. Under both harvest regimes, C accrual was not evident after 150 years. Without hemlock, SOC was reduced due to a decline in detritus and a shift in detrital chemistry. In conclusion, if the intensity of harvesting increases we can expect a corresponding reduction in potential C storage. Compositional changes due to historic circumstances (loss of hemlock) may also affect forest C although to a lesser degree than harvesting. The modeling approach presented enabled us to consider multiple, interacting drivers of landscape change and the subsequent changes in forest C. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scheller, Robert M.] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Hua, Dong; Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Birdsey, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. [Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM rmschell@pdx.edu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This research was made possible through generous funding by the Global Change Research Program within the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station. Two anonymous reviewers provided critical feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 77 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 1 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.009 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689YZ UT WOS:000284968300013 ER PT J AU Antunez, K Anido, M Arredondo, D Evans, JD Zunino, P AF Antunez, Karina Anido, Matilde Arredondo, Daniela Evans, Jay D. Zunino, Pablo TI Paenibacillus larvae enolase as a virulence factor in honeybee larvae infection SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American foulbrood; Paenibacillus larvae; Enolase ID AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; ALPHA-ENOLASE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; CONTAMINATED HONEY; BEE LARVAE; PLASMINOGEN; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB Paenibacillus larvae is a gram-positive spore-forming bacteria, causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a severe disease affecting larvae of the honeybee Apis mellifera. In an attempt to detect potential virulence factors secreted by P. larvae, we identified an enolase among different secreted proteins. Although this protein is a cytosolic enzyme involved in glycolytic pathways, it has been related to virulence. The aim of the present work was to evaluate its role during the infection of honeybee larvae. Toxicity assays showed that enolase was highly toxic and immunogenic to honeybee larvae. Its production was detected inside P. larvae vegetative cells, on the surface of P. larvae spores and secreted to the external growth medium. P. larvae enolase production was also confirmed in vivo, during the infection of honeybee larvae. This protein was able to hydrolyze milk proteins as described for P. larvae, suggesting that could be involved in larval degradation, maybe through the plasmin(ogen) system. These results suggest that P. larvae enolase may have a role in virulence and could contribute to a general insight about insect-pathogen interaction mechanisms. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Antunez, Karina; Anido, Matilde; Arredondo, Daniela; Zunino, Pablo] Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Dept Microbiol, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Antunez, K (reprint author), Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Dept Microbiol, Avda Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. EM karina@iibce.edu.uy RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Antunez, Karina/0000-0002-3664-9835 FU PEDECIBA - ANII (Uruguay); USDA-ARS (USA); [PDT 63/112 (Uruguay)] FX Authors thank the support from the Research Grant PDT 63/112 (Uruguay), the research fellowship financed by PEDECIBA - ANII (Uruguay) and USDA-ARS (USA). We thank D. Lopez (USDA) for assistance in real time PCR assay, Y. Mendoza (INIA) for providing honeybee hives and R. Cantera, S. Ruiz and P. Scavone (IIBCE) for assistance in bee processing and confocal microscopy imaging. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.004 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 704FW UT WOS:000286037500010 PM 20609532 ER PT J AU Haig, SJ Davies, RL Welch, TJ Reese, RA Verner-Jeffreys, DW AF Haig, Sarah J. Davies, Robert L. Welch, Timothy J. Reese, R. Allan Verner-Jeffreys, David W. TI Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout to Yersinia ruckeri: Relationship to O antigen serotype and resistance to serum killing SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Bacterial diseases; Tropism; Salmonid AB A study was undertaken to compare the virulence and serum killing resistance properties of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout Yersinia ruckeri isolates. Five isolates, covering heatstable O-antigen O1, O2 and O5 serotypes, were tested for virulence towards fry and juveniles of both species by experimental bath challenge. The sensitivity of 15 diverse isolates to non-immune salmon and rainbow trout serum was also examined. All five isolates caused significant mortality in salmon fry. Serotype O1 isolate 06059 caused the highest mortality in salmon (74% and 70% in fry and juveniles, respectively). Isolate 06041, a typical ERM-causing serotype O1 UK rainbow trout strain, caused mortalities in both rainbow trout and salmon. None of the salmon isolates caused any mortalities in 150-250 g rainbow trout, and only serotype O2 isolate 06060 caused any significant mortality (10%) in rainbow trout fry. Disease progression and severity was affected by water temperature. Mortality in salmon caused by the isolates 06059 and 05094 was much higher at 16 degrees C (74% and 33%, respectively) than at 12 degrees C (30 and 4% respectively). Virulent rainbow trout isolates were generally resistant to sera from both species, whereas salmon isolates varied in their serum sensitivity. Convalescent serum from salmon and rainbow trout that had been infected by serotype O1 isolates mediated effective classical pathway complement killing of serotype O1 and O5 isolates that were resistant to normal sera. Overall, strains recovered from infected salmon possess a wider range of phenotypic properties (relative virulence, O serotype and possession of serum-resistance factors), compared to ERM-causing rainbow trout isolates. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haig, Sarah J.; Reese, R. Allan; Verner-Jeffreys, David W.] Cefas Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Haig, Sarah J.; Davies, Robert L.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Biomed Res Ctr, Glasgow G12 8TA, Lanark, Scotland. [Welch, Timothy J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Verner-Jeffreys, DW (reprint author), Cefas Weymouth Lab, Barrack Rd, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM david.verner-jeffreys@cefas.co.uk FU UK government's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs [FC1178, FB001, FC1172] FX Funding was provided by the UK government's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs through projects FC1178, FB001 and a placement studentship for S.J.H. (FC1172). Dr T. Wallis (Ridgeway Biologicals) and LA Laidler (Marine Harvest (Scotland) Ltd.) are thanked for provision of isolates. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.022 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 704FW UT WOS:000286037500020 PM 20691549 ER PT J AU Frazao-Teixeira, E Sundar, N Dubey, JP Grigg, ME de Oliveira, FCR AF Frazao-Teixeira, E. Sundar, N. Dubey, J. P. Grigg, M. E. de Oliveira, F. C. R. TI Multi-locus DNA sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from Brazilian pigs identifies genetically divergent strains SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Pigs; Isolation; Genetic typing; Brazil ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; SAO-PAULO; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; UNEXPECTED FINDINGS; CLONAL LINEAGES; PCR-RFLP; GENOTYPES; STATE AB Five Toxoplasma gondii isolates (TgPgBr1-5) were isolated from hearts and brains of pigs freshly purchased at the market of Campos dos Goytacazes, Northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Four of the five isolates were highly pathogenic in mice. Four genotypes were identified. Multi-locus PCR-DNA sequencing showed that each strain possessed a unique combination of archetypal and novel alleles not previously described in South America. The data suggest that different strains circulate in pigs destined for human consumption from those previously isolated from cats and chickens in Brazil. Further, multi-locus PCR-RFLP analyses failed to accurately genotype the Brazilian isolates due to the high presence of atypical alleles. This is the first report of multi-locus DNA sequencing of T. gondii isolates in pigs from Brazil. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sundar, N.; Grigg, M. E.] NIAID, Mol Parasitol Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Frazao-Teixeira, E.; de Oliveira, F. C. R.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agropecuarias, Lab Sanidade Anim, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Grigg, ME (reprint author), NIAID, Mol Parasitol Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 4 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM griggm@niaid.nih.gov RI Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/A-9542-2015 OI Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/0000-0001-7505-4765 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [BEX 3409/08-2]; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); NIH; NIAID FX This study was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, process # BEX 3409/08-2), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIAID. MEG is a scholar of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Program for Integrated Microbial Biodiversity. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 175 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.030 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 704FR UT WOS:000286037000006 PM 21051148 ER PT J AU Schares, G Basso, W Majzoub, M Rostaher, A Scharr, JC Langenmayer, MC Selmair, J Dubey, JP Cortes, HC Conraths, FJ Haupt, T Purro, M Raeber, A Buholzer, P Gollnick, NS AF Schares, G. Basso, W. Majzoub, M. Rostaher, A. Scharr, J. C. Langenmayer, M. C. Selmair, J. Dubey, J. P. Cortes, H. C. Conraths, F. J. Haupt, T. Puerro, M. Raeber, A. Buholzer, P. Gollnick, N. S. TI Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for the specific detection of antibodies against Besnoitia besnoiti SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Besnoitiosis; Besnoitia besnoiti; Neospora caninum; Tachyzoite; Bradyzoite; Immunoblot; IFAT; ELISA; Cattle ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; BOVINE BESNOITIOSIS; INFECTED CATTLE; GERMANY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; TRANSMISSION; TESTS; HOST AB Bovine besnoitiosis is an economically important disease in cattle caused by the protozoan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti, which occurs endemically in many countries of Africa and Asia and is spreading in Europe. Serological identification of subclinically infected cattle is important to avoid the introduction of infected animals into naive herds. Here we determine the sensitivity and specificity of the PrioCHECK (R) Besnoitia Ab, a serological test recently introduced into the European market. Analytical specificity was examined using sera from animals experimentally infected with parasites related to B. besnoiti (n = 27). Three animals experimentally infected with Neospora caninum or Toxoplasma gondii showed inconclusive reactions in the ELISA (percent positivity relative to the positive control [PP] 10% <= 20%) while all other sera reacted negative (PP < 10%). An estimate of the diagnostic specificity was obtained by analysing field sera from bovine herds without besnoitiosis but with abortion problems associated to N. caninum (n = 403). The analysis revealed a specificity of 94.3% or 96.8% depending on the applied cut-off (PP 10% or 20%, respectively). Sensitivity was assessed with sera from 110 animals of a herd in Germany where clinical bovine besnoitiosis was first diagnosed in September 2008. A positive serological reference standard was defined regarding sera from animals as reference positive, if these animals had tested positive in at least two of a panel of three other serological tests (two different B. besnoiti immunoblots and one immunofluorescence antibody test) on both of two sampling dates, November 2008 and April 2009. A diagnostic sensitivity of 91.8% or 75.5% was determined for sera collected in November 2008 and a sensitivity of 82.7% or 50% for sera collected in April 2009 (cut-off PP 10% or PP 20%, respectively). The marked drop in sensitivity from November 2008 to April 2009 was predominantly observed in reference-positive cattle without clinical signs. We conclude that PrioCHECK (R) Besnoitia Ab is a valuable diagnostic tool to detect clinically infected animals. Thus it may be used to support control measures, e.g., for the separation of infected animals from the remaining herd to avoid a further transmission of the infection within the herd. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schares, G.; Basso, W.; Conraths, F. J.] Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. [Basso, W.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Vet, Lab Inmunoparasitol, La Plata, Argentina. [Basso, W.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Majzoub, M.; Langenmayer, M. C.] Univ Munich, Inst Vet Pathol, Munich, Germany. [Rostaher, A.] Univ Munich, Clin Small Anim Med, Ctr Clin Vet Med, Munich, Germany. [Scharr, J. C.; Langenmayer, M. C.; Gollnick, N. S.] Univ Munich, Clin Ruminants Ambulatory & Herd Hlth Serv, Munich, Germany. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Cortes, H. C.] Univ Evora, ICAAM, Lab Parasitol Victor Caeiro, Evora, Portugal. [Haupt, T.; Puerro, M.; Raeber, A.; Buholzer, P.] Prion AG, Schlieren, Switzerland. RP Schares, G (reprint author), Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Seestr 55, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. EM gereon.schares@fli.bund.de OI Cortes, Helder/0000-0003-4644-2165; Schares, Gereon/0000-0002-3217-289X; Conraths, Franz/0000-0002-7400-9409 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany FX We thank Lieselotte Minke, Andrea Barwald, Anika Ruppert and Aline Beckert for their excellent technical assistance. W. Basso was supported by a Georg Forster Research Fellowship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, 53173 Bonn, Germany. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 175 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.024 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 704FR UT WOS:000286037000009 PM 21035269 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MA Munoz-Zanzi, C Rosenfeld, C Jara, R Pelican, KM Hill, D AF Sepulveda, Maximiliano A. Munoz-Zanzi, Claudia Rosenfeld, Carla Jara, Rocio Pelican, Katharine M. Hill, Dolores TI Toxoplasma gondii in feral American minks at the Maullin river, Chile SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American mink; Chile; Neovison vison; PCR; Toxoplasma gondii; Seroprevalence ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SEA OTTERS; MUSTELA-LUTREOLA; WILD MAMMALS; ANTIBODIES; CARNIVORES; INFECTION; MORTALITY; VISON; CALIFORNIA AB American mink (Neovison vison) is a widely distributed invasive species in southern Chile. Thirty four feral minks were trapped at two distinct sites (rural and pen-urban), diet analyzed and Toxoplasma gondii exposure compared using PCR and specific antibodies. Serum samples were evaluated using a commercial latex agglutination test where a titer >= 1:32 was considered positive. Of 30 mink analyzed, 21(70%) were positive to T. gondii antibodies, with titers ranging from 1:32 to 1:2048. As expected, adult mink showed higher seroprevalence of exposure to T. gondii (18/21) than young mink (3/9) (P = 0.008). There was not statistically significant difference between sex groups (P = 0.687). Differences in seroprevalence were observed between the two sample sites with a higher proportion of positive individuals in the pen-urban area, and therefore, closer to human settlements (35.7% vs. 100%, P = 0.0001). Individuals positive to T. gondii using PCR and/or serology showed similar differences by site with higher infected individuals in pen-urban areas (58.8% vs. 100%. P = 0.007). Diet of American mink based in fecal composition analyses was mainly based on crustaceans (frequency of occurrence: crustaceans = 100%, birds and rodents < 7%), suggesting that the high observed prevalence of T. gondii infection might be more associated with its aquatic behavior (e.g. ingestion of oocysts in contaminated fresh water) than with their trophic behavior (e.g. preying over species that can have T. gondii cysts in their tissues). As an invasive species potentially subject to routine culling to maintain population sizes under control, minks could be used as a sentinel species to monitor pathogens of public and wildlife health importance, such as T. gondii, in aquatic environments. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sepulveda, Maximiliano A.; Pelican, Katharine M.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sepulveda, Maximiliano A.; Munoz-Zanzi, Claudia; Rosenfeld, Carla; Jara, Rocio] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Vet, Valdivia, Chile. [Munoz-Zanzi, Claudia] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Hill, Dolores] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sepulveda, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM maximiliano.sepulveda@gmail.com FU Universidad Austral de Chile Graduate School; Southern River Otter Project CODEFF-FZS; Fulbright-CONICYT FX The authors wish to thank Ignacio Rodriguez, Jorge Ruiz, and Tatiana Proboste for logistic support and the landowners of the trapping sites. This project was financed by personal funds (M.A.S.), Universidad Austral de Chile Graduate School, the Southern River Otter Project CODEFF-FZS and a Fulbright-CONICYT scholarship (M.A.S.). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 175 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.020 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 704FR UT WOS:000286037000010 PM 20965660 ER PT J AU Squires, JM Ferreira, JFS Lindsay, DS Zajac, AM AF Squires, Jill M. Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Lindsay, David S. Zajac, Anne M. TI Effects of artemisinin and Artemisia extracts on Haemonchus contortus in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia species; Artemisinin; Gerbil; Haemonchus contortus; Herbal medicinal ID ARTEMETHER; EFFICACY; ANTIMALARIAL; INFECTION; GOATS; MODEL; SHEEP; HEME; RATS AB Haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking abomasal parasite of small ruminants that is responsible for major losses to producers worldwide. Resistance of this nematode to commercial anthelmintics has produced a demand for alternative control methods. Plants in the genus Artemisia have traditionally been used as anthelmintics and whole plants and plant extracts have demonstrated activity against gastrointestinal nematodes in several studies. In addition, Artemisia annua is the sole commercial source of artemisinin, the raw material used to produce drugs effective against the hemoprotozoan malaria parasites (Plasmodium species). Artemisinin derivatives have also shown efficacy against some trematodes, including Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma species. In this study, artemisinin was tested for efficacy against H. contortus in a gerbil model of infection. Also tested in the gerbil model were an aqueous extract, an ethanolic extract and the essential oil of A. annua, and an ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium. In all experiments, gerbils were infected with 600 third-stage H. contortus larvae. In experiment 1, gerbils were treated orally with 400 milligrams per kilogram body weight (mg/kg BW) artemisinin once or 200 mg/kg BW artemisinin daily for 5 days (Days 4-8 post-infection). In experiment 2, gerbils were treated daily for 5 days with 600 mg/kg BW of A. annua ethanolic or aqueous extract. In Experiment 3, gerbils were treated with 1000 mg/kg BW of A. annua or A. absinthium ethanolic extract or with 300 mg/kg BW of A. annua essential oil daily for five consecutive days (Days 4-8 post-infection). No significant effects of treatment were seen with artemisinin or any of the Artemisia species extracts at the dosages studied. The non-ionic surfactant Labrosol (R) was an effective nontoxic solvent for delivery of hydrophilic plant extracts and the lipophilic essential oil used in the study. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Squires, Jill M.; Lindsay, David S.; Zajac, Anne M.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Zajac, AM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM azajac@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 FU U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1932-4-437] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and is a product of Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-1932-4-437. The authors would like to thank Dr. James Miller of Louisiana State University for providing parasites. They would also like to thank Scott Bowdridge, David Goodwin, Aaron Lucas, and Dr. Sheila Mitchell for providing technical support, and Barry Harter for preparation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 175 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.011 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 704FR UT WOS:000286037000017 PM 20943323 ER PT J AU Akasaka, K Tamogami, S Beeman, RW Mori, K AF Akasaka, Kazuaki Tamogami, Shigeyuki Beeman, Richard W. Mori, Kenji TI Pheromone synthesis. Part 245: Synthesis and chromatographic analysis of the four stereoisomers of 4,8-dimethyldecanal, the male aggregation pheromone of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE 4,8-Dimethyldecanal; GC, Enantiomer separation; HPLC, Diastereomer separation; Pheromone; Tribolium castaneum; Tribolure ID FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE; CHIRAL DISCRIMINATION; CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; DIASTEREOMER METHOD; TENEBRIONIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; ENANTIOMERS; DERIVATIVES; SEPARATION; EFFICIENT AB All four stereoisomers of 4,8-dimethyldecanal (1) were synthesized from the enantiomers of 2-methyl-1-butanol and citronellal. Enantioselective GC analysis enabled separation of (4R,8R)-1 and (4R,8S)-1 from a mixture of (45,8R)-1 and (4S,8S)-1, when octakis-(2,3-di-O-methoxymethyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-gamma-cyclodextrin was employed as a chiral stationary phase. Complete separation of the four stereoisomers of 1 on reversed-phase HPLC at -54 degrees C was achieved after oxidation of 1 to the corresponding carboxylic acid 12 followed by its derivatization with (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-anthracenedicarboximido) cyclohexanol, and the natural 1 was found to be a mixture of all the four stereoisomers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mori, Kenji] Toyo Gosei Co Ltd, Photosensit Mat Res Ctr, Inzai, Chiba 2701609, Japan. [Akasaka, Kazuaki] Shokei Gakuin Univ, Natori, Miyagi 9811295, Japan. [Tamogami, Shigeyuki] T Hasegawa Co Ltd, Tech Res Inst, Nakahara Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2110022, Japan. [Beeman, Richard W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Mori, K (reprint author), Toyo Gosei Co Ltd, Photosensit Mat Res Ctr, 4-2-1 Wakahagi, Inzai, Chiba 2701609, Japan. EM kjk-mori@arion.ocn.ne.jp NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JAN 7 PY 2011 VL 67 IS 1 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.086 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 699ZJ UT WOS:000285701600021 ER PT J AU Carrias, A Welch, TJ Waldbieser, GC Mead, DA Terhune, JS Liles, MR AF Carrias, Abel Welch, Timothy J. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Mead, David A. Terhune, Jeffery S. Liles, Mark R. TI Comparative genomic analysis of bacteriophages specific to the channel catfish pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; TRANSLATIONAL FRAMESHIFT; ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; PHAGE TAXONOMY; T4 PHAGES; DNA; EVOLUTION; THERAPY; SIPHOVIRIDAE AB Background: The bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri is a primary cause of mortality in channel catfish raised commercially in aquaculture farms. Additional treatment and diagnostic regimes are needed for this enteric pathogen, motivating the discovery and characterization of bacteriophages specific to E. ictaluri. Results: The genomes of three Edwardsiella ictaluri- specific bacteriophages isolated from geographically distant aquaculture ponds, at different times, were sequenced and analyzed. The genomes for phages eiAU, eiDWF, and eiMSLS are 42.80 kbp, 42.12 kbp, and 42.69 kbp, respectively, and are greater than 95% identical to each other at the nucleotide level. Nucleotide differences were mostly observed in non-coding regions and in structural proteins, with significant variability in the sequences of putative tail fiber proteins. The genome organization of these phages exhibit a pattern shared by other Siphoviridae. Conclusions: These E. ictaluri-specific phage genomes reveal considerable conservation of genomic architecture and sequence identity, even with considerable temporal and spatial divergence in their isolation. Their genomic homogeneity is similarly observed among E. ictaluri bacterial isolates. The genomic analysis of these phages supports the conclusion that these are virulent phages, lacking the capacity for lysogeny or expression of virulence genes. This study contributes to our knowledge of phage genomic diversity and facilitates studies on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these phages. C1 [Liles, Mark R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mead, David A.] Lucigen Corp, Middleton, WI USA. [Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warm Water Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. [Welch, Timothy J.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Carrias, Abel; Terhune, Jeffery S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquaculture, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Liles, MR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lilesma@auburn.edu OI Welch, Tim/0000-0003-1096-3006 FU Alabama Agriculture Experiment Station FX This study is part of a Doctoral work funded in part by the Alabama Agriculture Experiment Station (ALA080-051). Thanks to members of the Liles laboratory at Auburn University for providing support needed in completing this study. Special thanks are given to Nancy Capps for ensuring that all materials and equipments were available and in good working conditions when needed. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JAN 7 PY 2011 VL 8 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-8-6 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 711LK UT WOS:000286592900002 PM 21214923 ER PT J AU Andreotti, R de Leon, AAP Dowd, SE Guerrero, FD Bendele, KG Scoles, GA AF Andreotti, Renato de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez Dowd, Scot E. Guerrero, Felix D. Bendele, Kylie G. Scoles, Glen A. TI Assessment of bacterial diversity in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus through tag-encoded pyrosequencing SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONE-STAR TICK; MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; ACARI IXODIDAE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-CHROMOGENES; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; BOVINE BORRELIOSIS; RICKETTSIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Ticks are regarded as the most relevant vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, hinders livestock production in tropical and subtropical parts of the world where it is endemic. Tick microbiomes remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to explore the R. microplus microbiome by applying the bacterial 16S tag-encoded FLX-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) technique to characterize its bacterial diversity. Pyrosequencing was performed on adult males and females, eggs, and gut and ovary tissues from adult females derived from samples of R. microplus collected during outbreaks in southern Texas. Results: Raw data from bTEFAP were screened and trimmed based upon quality scores and binned into individual sample collections. Bacteria identified to the species level include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus sciuri, Serratia marcescens, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Finegoldia magna. One hundred twenty-one bacterial genera were detected in all the life stages and tissues sampled. The total number of genera identified by tick sample comprised: 53 in adult males, 61 in adult females, 11 in gut tissue, 7 in ovarian tissue, and 54 in the eggs. Notable genera detected in the cattle tick include Wolbachia, Coxiella, and Borrelia. The molecular approach applied in this study allowed us to assess the relative abundance of the microbiota associated with R. microplus. Conclusions: This report represents the first survey of the bacteriome in the cattle tick using non-culture based molecular approaches. Comparisons of our results with previous bacterial surveys provide an indication of geographic variation in the assemblages of bacteria associated with R. microplus. Additional reports on the identification of new bacterial species maintained in nature by R. microplus that may be pathogenic to its vertebrate hosts are expected as our understanding of its microbiota expands. Increased awareness of the role R. microplus can play in the transmission of pathogenic bacteria will enhance our ability to mitigate its economic impact on animal agriculture globally. This recognition should be included as part of analyses to assess the risk for re-invasion of areas like the United States of America where R. microplus was eradicated. C1 [de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez; Guerrero, Felix D.; Bendele, Kylie G.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Andreotti, Renato] EMBRAPA Beef Cattle, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Dowd, Scot E.] Pathogenius & Spirostat Technol, Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP de Leon, AAP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Beto.PerezdeLeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6205-32000-031-00 D] FX We thank Ralph Horn and Sara Davis for technical assistance and Drs. Ludek Zurek and J. Allen Byrd for critically reviewing the manuscript prior to submission. We also acknowledge Sherri Starks for outstanding programmatic support. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project number 6205-32000-031-00 D. NR 81 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 48 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JAN 6 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-11-6 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 710IU UT WOS:000286505800002 PM 21211038 ER PT J AU Costa, TP Brown, JD Howerth, EW Stallknecht, DE Swayne, DE AF Costa, Taiana P. Brown, Justin D. Howerth, Elizabeth W. Stallknecht, David E. Swayne, David E. TI Homo- and Heterosubtypic Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Exposure on H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A-VIRUSES; WILD BIRDS; HONG-KONG; ASIAN LINEAGE; CHICKENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROTECTION; WATERFOWL; OUTBREAKS; IMMUNITY AB Wild birds in the Orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are the natural reservoirs for avian influenza (AI) viruses. Although they are often infected with multiple AI viruses, the significance and extent of acquired immunity in these populations is not understood. Pre-existing immunity to AI virus has been shown to modulate the outcome of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infection in multiple domestic avian species, but few studies have addressed this effect in wild birds. In this study, the effect of pre-exposure to homosubtypic (homologous hemagglutinin) and heterosubtypic (heterologous hemagglutinin) low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses on the outcome of a H5N1 HPAI virus infection in wood ducks (Aix sponsa) was evaluated. Pre- exposure of wood ducks to different LPAI viruses did not prevent infection with H5N1 HPAI virus, but did increase survival associated with H5N1 HPAI virus infection. The magnitude of this effect on the outcome of the H5N1 HPAI virus infection varied between different LPAI viruses, and was associated both with efficiency of LPAI viral replication in wood ducks and the development of a detectable humoral immune response. These observations suggest that in naturally occurring outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI, birds with pre-existing immunity to homologous hemagglutinin or neuraminidase subtypes of AI virus may either survive H5N1 HPAI virus infection or live longer than naive birds and, consequently, could pose a greater risk for contributing to viral transmission and dissemination. The mechanisms responsible for this protection and/or the duration of this immunity remain unknown. The results of this study are important for surveillance efforts and help clarify epidemiological data from outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI virus in wild bird populations. C1 [Costa, Taiana P.; Howerth, Elizabeth W.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Costa, Taiana P.; Brown, Justin D.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Costa, TP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dstall@uga.edu FU Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory [58-6612-2-0220]; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) [58-6612-2-0220]; Current Research Information System project [6612-32000-048-00D] FX Funding for this work was provided through specific Cooperative Agreement #58-6612-2-0220 between the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode = 66-12-07-00) and the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) (http://scwds.org/), through the continued sponsorship of SCWDS member state and federal agencies, and Current Research Information System project 6612-32000-048-00D. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 6 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e15987 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015987 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 710KZ UT WOS:000286511900034 PM 21253608 ER PT J AU Ximenes, E Kim, Y Mosier, N Dien, B Ladisch, M AF Ximenes, Eduardo Kim, Youngmi Mosier, Nathan Dien, Bruce Ladisch, Michael TI Deactivation of cellulases by phenols SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulose; Cellobiose; Cellulases; beta-Glucosidase; Enzyme inhibition; Enzyme deactivation; Cellulose hydrolysis; T. Reesei; A. niger; Tannic acid; Aromatic acids ID CORN STOVER; INHIBITION; HYDROLYSIS; GLUCOSE; BIOMASS; PROTEIN; SACCHARIFICATION; PURIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES; PRETREATMENT AB Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials may result in the release of inhibitors and deactivators of cellulose enzyme hydrolysis. We report the identification of phenols with major inhibition and/or deactivation effect on enzymes used for conversion of cellulose to ethanol. The inhibition effects were measured by combining the inhibitors (phenols) with enzyme and substrate immediately at the beginning of the assay. The deactivation effects were determined by pre-incubating phenols with cellulases or beta-glucosidases for specified periods of time, prior to the respective enzyme assays. Tannic, gallic, hydroxy-cinnamic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids, together with vanillin caused 20-80% deactivation of cellulases and/or beta-glucosidases after 24 h of pre-incubation while enzymes pre-incubated in buffer alone retained all of their activity. The strength of the inhibition or deactivation effect depended on the type of enzyme, the microorganism from which the enzyme was derived, and the type of phenolic compounds present. beta-Glucosidase from Aspergillus niger was the most resistant to inhibition and deactivation, requiring about 5 and 10-fold higher concentrations, respectively, for the same levels of inhibition or deactivation as observed for enzymes from Trichoderma reesei. Of the phenol molecules tested, tannic acid was the single, most damaging aromatic compound that caused both deactivation and reversible loss (inhibition) of all of enzyme activities tested. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ximenes, Eduardo; Kim, Youngmi; Mosier, Nathan; Ladisch, Michael] Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ximenes, Eduardo; Kim, Youngmi; Mosier, Nathan; Ladisch, Michael] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ladisch, Michael] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dien, Bruce] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ladisch, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ladisch@purdue.edu RI Ximenes, Eduardo/G-5323-2013; OI Ximenes, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-0218; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337, DE-FG02-06ER06-03, GO12O26-174, DE-FG02-06ER64301]; DOE BES [0012846]; USDA IFAFS [00-52104-9663]; Mascoma Sponsored Research and Test Agreements FX The authors wish to thank Xingya (Linda) Liu, Rick Hendrickson and Thomas Kreke, for their excellent technical assistance, and David Hogsett, Mascoma, Mira Sedlak and Xuan Li, Purdue for their internal review of this paper. We thank Genencor for their gift of enzymes. The material in this work was supported by DOE grant DE-AC36-99GO10337, DE-FG02-06ER06-03, GO12O26-174, DE-FG02-06ER64301; DOE BES Project 0012846, USDA IFAFS contract #00-52104-9663, and Mascoma Sponsored Research and Test Agreements. NR 34 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 8 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JAN 5 PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.09.006 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 692CX UT WOS:000285130200009 PM 22112771 ER PT J AU Luo, XL Zhu, JY AF Luo, Xiaolin Zhu, J. Y. TI Effects of drying-induced fiber hornification on enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fiber hornification; Recycled fiber/waster paper; Drying; Enzyme accessibility; Enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification; Water retention value (WRV) ID STAINING TECHNIQUE; PART 1; ACCESSIBILITY; HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL; WOOD; CELLULASE; SPORL; PAPER; WATER AB This study investigated the effect of fiber hornification during drying on lignocellulosic substrate enzymatic saccharification. Two chemically pretreated wood substrates and one commercial bleached kraft hardwood pulp were used. Heat drying at 105 and 150 degrees C and air drying at 50% RH and 23.8 degrees C for different durations were applied to produce substrate with various degrees of hornification. It was found that substrate enzymatic digestibilities (SEDs) of hornified substrates made from the same never-dried sample correlate very well to an easily measurable parameter, water retention value (WRV), and can be fitted by a Boltzmann function. The hornification-produced SED reduction at a given degree of hornification as the percentage of the total SED reduction when the substrate is completely hornified depends on two parameters. The first is WRV, which is primarily a function of the effective enzyme molecule size, and Delta, which is related to the substrate pore size distribution shape. The low values of SED(CH), SED of a completely hornified substrate, obtained from curve fittings for the three sets of samples studied, suggest that enzyme accessibility to cellulose is mainly through the pores in the cell wall rather than substrate external surface. The SEDs of hornified substrates were found to correlate to Simons' staining measurements well. A new parameter was proposed to better correlate enzyme accessibility to cellulose using the two-color Simons' staining technique. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Luo, Xiaolin; Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Luo, Xiaolin] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Luo, Xiaolin; Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service through the Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB) FX This work is sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service through the Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB, 2009) that provided financial support to Luo for his visiting appointment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). We acknowledge Fred Matt, Thomas Kuster, and Steve Verrill (all FPL) for carbohydrate measurements, SEM imaging of solid samples, and statistical data analysis, respectively. NR 35 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JAN 5 PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.09.014 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 692CX UT WOS:000285130200014 PM 22112776 ER PT J AU Mattson, TE Johny, AK Amalaradjou, MAR More, K Schreiber, DT Patel, J Venkitanarayanan, K AF Mattson, Tyler E. Johny, Anup Kollanoor Amalaradjou, Mary Anne Roshni More, Karen Schreiber, David T. Patel, Jitu Venkitanarayanan, Kumar TI Inactivation of Salmonella spp. on tomatoes by plant molecules SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Tomatoes; Carvacrol; trans-cinnamaldehyde; Eugenol; beta-resorcylic acid ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; BACTERIAL MASTITIS PATHOGENS; FEMA GRAS ASSESSMENT; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESSENTIAL OILS; FRESH PRODUCE; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; FLAVOR INGREDIENTS AB The efficacy of carvacrol (CAR), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), eugenol (EUG) and beta-resorcylic acid (BR) as a wash treatment for reducing Salmonella spp. on tomatoes was investigated. Plum tomatoes inoculated with a six-serotype mixture of Salmonella (10(8) CFU) were subjected to washing in sterile deionized water (control) or deionized water containing chlorine (100 ppm), CAR (0.25 and 0.75%), TC (0.5 and 0.75%), EUG (0.25 and 0.75%), or BR (0.75 and 1.0%) for 15 sec, 1 min, and 3 min. The plant molecules were more effective (P<0.05) in reducing Salmonella on tomatoes compared to washing in water and chlorine. Both concentrations of CAR and TC, and 0.75% EUG decreased Salmonella counts on tomatoes by similar to 6.0 log CFU/ml at 1 min. Both concentrations of BR decreased the pathogen on tomatoes to undetectable levels at 3 min of exposure. Washing of tomatoes in deionized water and chlorine for 3 min reduced Salmonella by ca. 2.0 and 4.0 log CFU/ml, respectively. No Salmonella was detected in the wash water containing the plant molecules or chlorine, whereas a substantial population of the pathogen survived in the control wash water. Moreover, none of the dipping treatments had any effect on the red color of tomatoes (P>0.05). Results indicate that CAR, TC, EUG and BR could effectively be used to kill Salmonella on tomatoes, but additional studies on sensory and quality characteristics of tomatoes treated with plant molecules are warranted. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mattson, Tyler E.; Johny, Anup Kollanoor; Amalaradjou, Mary Anne Roshni; More, Karen; Schreiber, David T.; Venkitanarayanan, Kumar] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Patel, Jitu] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Venkitanarayanan, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Rd Ext,Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM kumar.venkitanarayanan@uconn.edu RI amalaradjou, mary anne roshni/D-2004-2012; Kollanoor Johny, Anup/J-3771-2015 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN 5 PY 2011 VL 144 IS 3 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.10.035 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 719RQ UT WOS:000287227000019 PM 21122935 ER PT J AU Sparks, WO Harrison, RL Bonning, BC AF Sparks, Wendy O. Harrison, Robert L. Bonning, Bryony C. TI Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 is a per os infectivity factor, but is not essential for binding and fusion of occlusion-derived virus to the host midgut SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Occlusion-derived virus; Per os infectivity factor; Baculovirus; Heliothis virescens; ODV-e56; Pif-5; Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; BACULOVIRUS; GENE; P74; IDENTIFICATION; CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE AB The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) occlusion-derived virus (ODV) envelope protein ODV-E56 is essential for oral infection of larvae of Heliothis virescens. Bioassays with recombinant clones of AcMNPV lacking a functional odv-e56 gene showed that ODV-E56 was required for infectivity of both polyhedra and to a lesser extent, purified ODV. However, binding and fusion assays showed that ODV lacking ODV-E56 bound and fused to midgut cells at levels similar to ODV of wild-type virus. Fluorescence microscopy of midguts from larvae inoculated with ODV-E56-positive and -negative viruses that express GFP indicated that ODV-E56 was required for infection of the midgut epithelium. Purified ODV-E56 bound to several proteins in midgut-derived brush border membrane vesicles, but failed to rescue infectivity of ODV-E56-negative viruses in trans. These results indicate that ODV-E56 is a per os infectivity factor (pif-5) required for primary midgut infection at a point before or after virion binding and fusion. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sparks, Wendy O.; Bonning, Bryony C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Genet Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Harrison, Robert L.] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bonning, BC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Genet Program, 418 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM wendy.sparks@ars.usda.gov; robert.l.harrison@ars.usda.gov; bbonning@iastate.edu RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014; OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 FU Hatch Act; State of Iowa FX Amy Rohlfing and Jessica Haywood, undergraduates in the Women in Science and Engineering program at Iowa State University, and Evelyn Chen provided assistance in insect rearing. We thank Max Summers and Sharon Braunagel for providing the ODV-E56 antisera. We are also grateful to Tracey Pepper, Randy Den Adel, and Dr. Jack Horner of the Iowa State Microscopy and NanoImaging Facility for their assistance in cryosectioning and microscopy. This material is based upon work supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.09.027 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 696OO UT WOS:000285450900009 PM 20970820 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JJ Tank, JL Hamilton, SK Wollheim, WM Hall, RO Mulholland, PJ Peterson, BJ Ashkenas, LR Cooper, LW Dahm, CN Dodds, WK Grimm, NB Johnson, SL McDowell, WH Poole, GC Valett, HM Arango, CP Bernot, MJ Burgin, AJ Crenshaw, CL Helton, AM Johnson, LT O'Brien, JM Potter, JD Sheibley, RW Sobota, DJ Thomas, SM AF Beaulieu, Jake J. Tank, Jennifer L. Hamilton, Stephen K. Wollheim, Wilfred M. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Mulholland, Patrick J. Peterson, Bruce J. Ashkenas, Linda R. Cooper, Lee W. Dahm, Clifford N. Dodds, Walter K. Grimm, Nancy B. Johnson, Sherri L. McDowell, William H. Poole, Geoffrey C. Valett, H. Maurice Arango, Clay P. Bernot, Melody J. Burgin, Amy J. Crenshaw, Chelsea L. Helton, Ashley M. Johnson, Laura T. O'Brien, Jonathan M. Potter, Jody D. Sheibley, Richard W. Sobota, Daniel J. Thomas, Suzanne M. TI Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in stream and river networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEADWATER STREAMS; NITRATE REMOVAL; FRESH-WATER; N2O; ECOSYSTEMS; SOILS; ABUNDANCE; OXYGEN; RATES; CYCLE AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loading to river networks is a potentially important source of N2O via microbial denitrification that converts N to N2O and dinitrogen (N-2). The fraction of denitrified N that escapes as N2O rather than N-2 (i.e., the N2O yield) is an important determinant of how much N2O is produced by river networks, but little is known about the N2O yield in flowing waters. Here, we present the results of whole-stream N-15-tracer additions conducted in 72 headwater streams draining multiple land-use types across the United States. We found that stream denitrification produces N2O at rates that increase with stream water nitrate (NO3-) concentrations, but that <1% of denitrified N is converted to N2O. Unlike some previous studies, we found no relationship between the N2O yield and stream water NO3-. We suggest that increased stream NO3- loading stimulates denitrification and concomitant N2O production, but does not increase the N2O yield. In our study, most streams were sources of N2O to the atmosphere and the highest emission rates were observed in streams draining urban basins. Using a global river network model, we estimate that microbial N transformations (e. g., denitrification and nitrification) convert at least 0.68 Tg.y(-1) of anthropogenic N inputs to N2O in river networks, equivalent to 10% of the global anthropogenic N2O emission rate. This estimate of stream and river N2O emissions is three times greater than estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C1 [Beaulieu, Jake J.; Tank, Jennifer L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hamilton, Stephen K.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Wollheim, Wilfred M.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wollheim, Wilfred M.; McDowell, William H.; Potter, Jody D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Peterson, Bruce J.; Thomas, Suzanne M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ashkenas, Linda R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Dahm, Clifford N.; Crenshaw, Chelsea L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dodds, Walter K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Grimm, Nancy B.; Sheibley, Richard W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Valett, H. Maurice] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Arango, Clay P.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Bernot, Melody J.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Burgin, Amy J.] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Helton, Ashley M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Johnson, Laura T.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [O'Brien, Jonathan M.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand. [Sobota, Daniel J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Beaulieu, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM beaulieu.jake@epa.gov RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; O'Brien, Jonathan/G-6786-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Burgin, Amy/G-7444-2014; Arango Lopez, Celso/H-6433-2015; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Burgin, Amy/C-1528-2010 OI Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536; Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203; Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; Arango Lopez, Celso/0000-0003-3382-4754; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0111410]; National Science Foundation's Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) network FX We are grateful to N.E. Ostrom for assistance with stable isotope measurements of N2 and N2O and G. P. Robertson for comments on the manuscript. We thank the US Forest Service, National Park Service, and many private landowners for permission to conduct experiments on their lands. We also acknowledge the many workers who helped with the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen experiments. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0111410). The National Science Foundation's Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) network hosted many of the study sites included in this research and partially supported several of the authors during the project. We specifically acknowledge Andrews, Central Arizona-Phoenix, Coweeta, Kellogg Biological Station, Konza, Luquillo, Plum Island, and Sevilleta NSF-LTERs for support. NR 41 TC 140 Z9 157 U1 13 U2 186 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 4 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1073/pnas.1011464108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 702SG UT WOS:000285915000042 PM 21173258 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Demarest, DW Matsuoka, SM Mettke-Hofmann, C Evers, D Hamel, PB Luscier, J Powell, LL Shaw, D Avery, ML Hobson, KA Blancher, PJ Niven, DK AF Greenberg, Russell Demarest, Dean W. Matsuoka, Steven M. Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia Evers, David Hamel, Paul B. Luscier, Jason Powell, Luke L. Shaw, David Avery, Michael L. Hobson, Keith A. Blancher, Peter J. Niven, Daniel K. BE Wells, JV TI Understanding Declines in Rusty Blackbirds SO BOREAL BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA: A HEMISPHERIC VIEW OF THEIR CONSERVATION LINKS AND SIGNIFICANCE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE contaminants; Euphagus carolinus; habitat use; limiting factors; population decline; population movements; Rusty Blackbird ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; ALLUVIAL VALLEY; UNITED-STATES; COMMON LOONS; FOREST; MERCURY; CONSERVATION; CONTAMINATION; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), a formerly common breeding species of boreal wetlands, has exhibited the most marked decline of any North American landbird. North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) trends in abundance are estimated to be -12.5%/yr over the last 40 years, which is tantamount to a >95% cumulative decline. Trends in abundance calculated from Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) for a similar period indicate a range-wide decline of -5.6%/yr. Qualitative analyses of ornithological accounts suggest the species has been declining for over a century. Several studies document range retraction in the southern boreal forest, whereas limited data suggest that abundance may be more stable in more northerly areas. The major hypotheses for the decline include degradation of boreal habitats from logging and agricultural development, mercury contamination, and wetland desiccation resulting from global warming. Other likely reasons for decline include loss or degradation of wooded wetlands of the southeastern U. S and mortality associated with abatement efforts targeting nuisance blackbirds. In addition, the patchy breeding distribution of this species may inhibit population consolidation, causing local populations to crash when reduced to low levels. Progress in understanding the causes and mechanisms for observed declines has remained limited until recently. Here we present initial attempts to understand the habitat requirements of Rusty Blackbirds and offer specific predictions associated with each of the hypotheses for decline as a way of guiding future research. C1 [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Evers, David] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Hamel, Paul B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Canada Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Luscier, Jason] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Matsuoka, Steven M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Powell, Luke L.] Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Shaw, David] Alaska Bird Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Niven, Daniel K.] Natl Audubon Soc, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Blancher, Peter J.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Demarest, Dean W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu; dean_demarest@fws.gov; steve_matsuoka@fws.gov; mettke@erl.orn.mpg.de; david.evers@briloon.org; phamel@fs.fed.us; jluscie@uark.edu; luke.l.powell@gmail.com; dshaw@alaskabird.org; michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov; keith.hobson@ec.gc.ca; peter.blancher@ec.gc.ca; dniven@audubon.org NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 18 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95058-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 41 BP 107 EP 125 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BXG81 UT WOS:000296090000010 ER PT B AU Gibson, RM Bleich, VC McCarthy, CW Russi, TL AF Gibson, Robert M. Bleich, Vernon C. McCarthy, Clinton W. Russi, Terry L. BE Sandercock, BK Martin, K Segelbacher, G TI Hunting Lowers Population Size in Greater Sage-Grouse SO ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUSE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Centrocercus urophasianus; hunting; population dynamics ID CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL RATES; WINTER; DISPERSION; MORTALITY; HARVEST; IDAHO AB How hunting mortality affects population size is an important but understudied problem in the applied ecology of grouse and other upland gamebirds. At issue is whether mortality from recreational hunting is additive and therefore depresses population size, or is compensatory and does not. Empirical analyses of this issue may be inconclusive if harvest levels increase with population size or if statistical analysis fails to control for serial dependence in estimates of population size. We examined the effect of hunting on population size in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) using a lek count time series from an intermittently hunted and relatively isolated population in eastern California. Over a 39-year study period (1960-1998), annual variation in harvest recorded in the field was uncorrelated with the previous spring's lek count. After controlling for a positive correlation between lek counts in successive years, numbers of males on leks in spring decreased significantly as harvest during the previous autumn increased. This pattern is expected if hunting mortality is additive and lowers population size. In light of this and similar results from an independent study in Idaho, we suggest that additive, rather than compensatory, hunting mortality should become the default assumption for wildlife managers when setting hunting regulations for Greater Sage-Grouse. C1 [Gibson, Robert M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Bleich, Vernon C.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [McCarthy, Clinton W.] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Russi, Terry L.] USDI Bur Land Management, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Gibson, RM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, 348 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM rgibson2@unl.edu; vcbleich@gmail.com; cmccarthy01@fs.fed.us; birdsong.123@gmail.com NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-95057-3; 978-0-520-27006-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 39 BP 307 EP 315 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BZU73 UT WOS:000303012700024 ER PT B AU Schetelig, MF Wimmer, EA AF Schetelig, Marc F. Wimmer, Ernst A. BE Vilcinskas, A TI Insect Transgenesis and the Sterile Insect Technique SO INSECT BIOTECHNOLOGY SE Biologically-Inspired Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Transposable elements; Pest management; GMO safety ID GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; TARGETED GENE-EXPRESSION; PIGGYBAC TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA AB The establishment of broadly applicable insect transgenesis systems will enable the analyses of gene function in diverse insect species. This will greatly increase our understanding of diverse aspects of biology so far not functionally addressable. Moreover, insect transgenesis will provide novel strategies for insect pest management and the means to impair transmission of pathogens by human disease vectors. Especially the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) might be improved by the use of transgenic approaches. The SIT represents an effective and ecologically safe method for area-wide pest control that reduces the pest population by mass release of sterilized organisms, leading to infertile matings and in consequence to a decline of the pest population. Although the SIT is already successfully applied for some species, each of its steps mass-rearing, sex-separation for male-only releases, sterilization, and marking for monitoring can be improved biotechnologically to optimize the efficiency and to reduce the costs of ongoing programs or to transfer this effective technique to a wider range of species. However, this powerful transgenic technology must be applied with great care to avoid harm to our environment. C1 [Schetelig, Marc F.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Wimmer, Ernst A.] Univ Gottingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, Dept Dev Biol, GZMB, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Schetelig, MF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM marc.schetelig@ars.usda.gov; ewimmer@gwdg.de NR 193 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9640-1 J9 BIOL INSPIR SYST JI Biol.-Inspir. Syst. PY 2011 VL 2 BP 169 EP 194 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9641-8_9 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9641-8 PG 26 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BAM16 UT WOS:000304628100009 ER PT J AU Bendsen, NT Chabanova, E Thomsen, HS Larsen, TM Newman, JW Stender, S Dyerberg, J Haugaard, SB Astrup, A AF Bendsen, N. T. Chabanova, E. Thomsen, H. S. Larsen, T. M. Newman, J. W. Stender, S. Dyerberg, J. Haugaard, S. B. Astrup, A. TI Effect of trans fatty acid intake on abdominal and liver fat deposition and blood lipids: a randomized trial in overweight postmenopausal women SO NUTRITION & DIABETES LA English DT Article DE randomized clinical trial; trans fatty acids; ectopic fat; dietary intervention ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIETARY-FAT; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MEN; CHOLESTEROL; CONSUMPTION AB Background: Intake of industrially produced trans fatty acids (TFAs) is, according to observational studies, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causal mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Besides inducing dyslipidemia, TFA intake is suspected to promote abdominal and liver fat deposition. Objective: We examined the effect of a high intake of TFA as part of an isocaloric diet on whole-body, abdominal and hepatic fat deposition, and blood lipids in postmenopausal women. Methods: In a 16-week double-blind parallel intervention study, 52 healthy overweight postmenopausal women were randomized to receive either partially hydrogenated soybean oil providing 15.7 g day(-1) of TFA or a control oil with mainly oleic and palmitic acid. Before and after the intervention, body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, abdominal fat by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and liver fat by H-1 MR spectroscopy. Results: Compared with the control fat, TFA intake decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol by 10%, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol by 18% and resulted in an increased LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio (baseline adjusted mean (95% CI) difference between diet groups 0.41 (0.22; 0.60); P<0.001). TFA tended to increase the body fat (0.46 (-0.20; 1.17) kg; P = 0.16) and waist circumference (1.1 (-0.1; 2.4) cm; P = 0.08) more than the control fat, whereas neither abdominal nor liver fat deposition was affected by TFA. Conclusion: The adverse effect of dietary TFA on cardiovascular disease risk involves induction of dyslipidemia, and perhaps body fat, whereas weight gain-independent accumulation of ectopic fat could not be identified as a contributory factor during short-term intake. Nutrition and Diabetes (2011) 1, e4; doi: 10.1038/nutd.2010.4; published online 31 January 2011 C1 [Bendsen, N. T.; Larsen, T. M.; Dyerberg, J.; Astrup, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Human Nutr, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Chabanova, E.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Thomsen, H. S.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Diagnost Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Newman, J. W.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Newman, J. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stender, S.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Haugaard, S. B.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Astrup, A (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Human Nutr, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. EM ast@life.ku.dk FU Danish Council for Strategic Research [2101-06-0005]; Danish Council for Independent Research \ Medical Sciences [271-08-0715]; Danish Diabetes Association; intramural USDA-ARS CRIS [5306-51530-019-00D] FX This work was carried out as a part of the research program of the Danish Obesity Research Centre (DanORC, see http://www.danorc.dk). DanORC is supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research (Grant 2101-06-0005). This study was also supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research vertical bar Medical Sciences (Grant 271-08-0715), the Danish Diabetes Association and intramural USDA-ARS CRIS 5306-51530-019-00D. The test fats were kindly provided by AarhusKarlshamn, Denmark. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2044-4052 J9 NUTR DIABETES JI Nutr. Diabetes PD JAN PY 2011 VL 1 AR e4 DI 10.1038/nutd.2010.4 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044MV UT WOS:000311624700004 PM 23154296 ER PT S AU Tomasula, PM Nutter, DW AF Tomasula, Peggy M. Nutter, Darin W. BE Taylor, SL TI Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Production of Fluid Milk SO ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH, VOL 62 SE Advances in Food and Nutrition Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-PRESSURE HOMOGENIZATION; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PASTEURIZATION; ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING WATER; PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CLEANING-IN-PLACE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DAIRY FARMS; METHANE EMISSIONS AB Global climate change, driven by the buildup of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, is challenging the dairy industries in the United States and throughout the world to develop sustainable initiatives to reduce their environmental impact. The U. S. dairy industry has committed to lowering the GHG emissions, primarily CH4, N2O, and CO2, in each sector of the fluid milk supply chain which extends from the farm, to the processing plant, and to distribution of the packaged product, where it is refrigerated by the retailer and then the consumer. This chapter provides an overview of the life cycle analysis (LCA) technique and its use in identifying the GHG emissions in each sector of the fluid milk supply chain, from cradle to grave, and the best practices and research that is currently being conducted to reduce or mitigate GHG emissions in each sector. We also discuss the use of on-farm and off-farm process simulation as tools for evaluating on-farm mitigation techniques, off-farm alternative processing scenarios, and use of alternative energy management practices. C1 [Tomasula, Peggy M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Nutter, Darin W.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Tomasula, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM Peggy.Tomasula@ars.usda.gov NR 175 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1043-4526 BN 978-0-12-385990-7 J9 ADV FOOD NUTR RES JI Adv. Food Nutr. Res. PY 2011 VL 62 BP 41 EP 88 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385989-1.00002-8 PG 48 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCN52 UT WOS:000310775900002 PM 21504821 ER PT S AU Onwulata, CI Tunick, MH Qi, PX AF Onwulata, Charles I. Tunick, Michael H. Qi, Phoebe X. BE Taylor, SL TI Extrusion Texturized Dairy Proteins: Processing and Application SO ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH, VOL 62 SE Advances in Food and Nutrition Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHEY-PROTEIN; MILK-PROTEINS; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; FOOD EXTRUSION; EXTRUDED CORN; COOKING; PEPTIDES AB The primary proteins in milk, casein and the whey proteins alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, have a number of health benefits and desirable functional properties. In a twin-screw extruder, mechanical shear forces, heat, and pressure cause considerable changes in the molecular structures of the dairy proteins, a process known as texturization. These changes further impart unique functional properties to dairy proteins, resulting in new protein-based food ingredients. The new functional behavior depends on the extent of texturization and the degree of structural change imparted and is controlled by adjusting parameters such as extrusion temperature and moisture level. Such texturized proteins can be used to produce puffed high-protein snacks. Softer gels and expanded structures can be made using supercritical fluid extrusion and cold extrusion, techniques that avoid elevated temperatures, minimizing possible damage to the nutritive components and functionality of the texturized dairy proteins. The uses of the texturized dairy ingredient in food products with improved functionality and enhanced nutritive profiles are presented. C1 [Onwulata, Charles I.; Tunick, Michael H.; Qi, Phoebe X.] ARS, Ctr Excellence Extrus & Polymer Rheol, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Excellence Extrus & Polymer Rheol, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM Charles.Onwulata@ars.usda.gov NR 107 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1043-4526 BN 978-0-12-385990-7 J9 ADV FOOD NUTR RES JI Adv. Food Nutr. Res. PY 2011 VL 62 BP 173 EP 200 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385989-1.00005-3 PG 28 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCN52 UT WOS:000310775900005 PM 21504824 ER PT S AU Golan, E Kuchler, F AF Golan, Elise Kuchler, Fred BE Carter, CA Moschini, GC Sheldon, I TI The Effect of GM Labeling Regime on Market Outcomes SO GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD AND GLOBAL WELFARE SE Frontiers of Economics and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE GM labeling; mandatory labeling; GM markets; non-GM markets ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED FOOD; EUROPE AB Purpose - This chapter investigates the role that mandatory genetically modified (GM) labeling versus voluntary labeling has played in the split between those countries with small GM markets and those with large GM markets. Methodology/approach - Data on product introductions and other market evidence are used to examine market outcomes and identify the likely drivers of GM market bifurcation. Findings - Labeling has negligible effects on consumer choice or on GM differentiation costs and therefore does not explain the split in GM market outcomes. Other factors have driven market outcomes: namely, consumer confidence in government and the safety of the food supply, competition among manufacturers and retailers, market momentum, and most importantly, the affordability of a non-GM strategy. Ultimately, a non-GM market strategy is feasible only if consumers are willing to cover the additional costs associated with non-GM production and marketing. The two elements composing the cost/price wedge between GM and non-GM products - the cost-reducing benefits of the GM technology and the costs of differentiating non-GM products - therefore play an important role in market outcomes. In the mid-1990s, when producers, manufacturers, and retailers were determining their strategies, neither element was very large. As a result, both GM and non-GM marketing strategies were economically feasible. Practical implication - Regardless of the labeling regime, changes in the cost/price wedge between GM and non-GM products could change the mix of GM and non-GM products on the market. Originality/value of paper - This analysis extends the literature by focusing on the impact of labeling regime on both consumer behavior and the cost/price wedge between GM and non-GM products. C1 [Golan, Elise; Kuchler, Fred] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Food Econ Div, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Golan, E (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Food Econ Div, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM egolan@ers.usda.gov; fkuchler@ers.usda.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1574-8715 BN 978-0-85724-757-5 J9 FRONT ECON GLOBAL PY 2011 VL 10 BP 263 EP 281 DI 10.1108/S1574-8715(2011)0000010016 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA BZP11 UT WOS:000302312200012 ER PT J AU Korb, JE Wu, RLY AF Korb, Julie E. Wu, Rosalind Y. BE Blair, R Bracksieck, G TI Fire, Climate, and Forest Health SO EASTERN SAN JUAN MOUNTAINS: THEIR GEOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND HUMAN HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; PONDEROSA PINE; COLORADO; ASPEN; USA; RESTORATION; RECRUITMENT; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE C1 [Korb, Julie E.] Ft Lewis Coll, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Wu, Rosalind Y.] US Forest Serv, Durango, CO USA. RP Korb, JE (reprint author), Ft Lewis Coll, Durango, CO 81301 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS COLORADO PI BOULDER PA 5589 ARAPAHOE AVE, STE 206C, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA BN 978-1-60732-084-5 PY 2011 BP 151 EP 172 PG 22 WC Geography; Geography, Physical SC Geography; Physical Geography GA BZB47 UT WOS:000301001400012 ER PT S AU Li, XJ Mou, QY Iv, JX Liu, Y Cai, ZY Wu, YQ AF Li, Xianjun Mou, Qunying Iv, Jianxiong Liu, Yuan Cai, ZhiYong Wu, Yiqiang BE Sun, D Sung, WP Chen, R TI Microwave Treatment for Pine Wood Deresination: Mathematical Model and Validation SO FRONTIERS OF GREEN BUILDING, MATERIALS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING, PTS 1-8 SE Applied Mechanics and Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Green Building, Materials and Civil Engineering (GBMCE 2011) CY AUG 22-23, 2011 CL Shangri La, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Control Engn & Informat Sci Res Assoc, Int Frontiers Sci & Technol Res Assoc, Trans Tech Publicat, Chongqing Xueya Conf Cater Co Ltd DE Microwave treatment; Deresination; Model and validation; Pine wood AB Microwave treatment is a newly developed technique to expel resin from pine wood by generating high internal steam pressure. To understand the mechanism of deresination process during the treatment, a mathematical model was developed and was used to predict its critical conditions. The model indicated that the critical pressure inside Masson pine wood was 1.17x10(5) Pa and its corresponding critical temperature was 104 C-degrees in order to expel the resin mixture from the interior to the surfaces. The experiment results showed that during microwave deresination large quantities of the resin overflowed to the wood surfaces when the temperature of the pine wood was controlled in the range 104-112 degrees C. The result observed during the microwave treatment matched well with the critical temperature predicted from the simple mathematical model. The validated model could provide some understanding and improvement of microwave deresination process. C1 [Li, Xianjun; Mou, Qunying; Liu, Yuan; Wu, Yiqiang] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Shaoshan S Rd 498, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Iv, Jianxiong] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Cai, ZhiYong] USDA Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Li, XJ (reprint author), Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Shaoshan S Rd 498, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM lxjmu@163.com; mqwlxj@sina.com; jianxiong@caf.ac.cn; liuyuan601220@163.com; zcai@fs.fed.us; wuyq0506@126.com FU Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [30871983]; National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China [30825034]; Eleventh Five-Year Plan national scientific and technological supporting project [2006BAD18B06]; Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation [07JJ6166] FX It is a project supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (30871983), National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (30825034),the Eleventh Five-Year Plan national scientific and technological supporting project (2006BAD18B06), and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (07JJ6166). NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-9336 BN 978-3-03785-203-3 J9 APPL MECH MATER PY 2011 VL 71-78 BP 3745 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.71-78.3745 PN 1-8 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000307034501368 ER PT B AU Wansink, B AF Wansink, Brian BE Batra, R Keller, PA Strecher, VJ TI Leveraging Consumer Psychology for Effective Health Communications The Obesity Challenge FOREWORD SO LEVERAGING CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY FOR EFFECTIVE HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS: THE OBESITY CHALLENGE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Wansink, Brian] Cornell Univ, Cornell Food & Brand Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wansink, Brian] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC USA. RP Wansink, B (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Food & Brand Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA BN 978-0-7656-2717-9 PY 2011 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA BAO94 UT WOS:000304953000001 ER PT B AU Wansink, B AF Wansink, Brian BE Batra, R Keller, PA Strecher, VJ TI MARKETING MYPYRAMID Taking the Dietary Guidelines Home SO LEVERAGING CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY FOR EFFECTIVE HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS: THE OBESITY CHALLENGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NUTRITIONAL GATEKEEPERS C1 [Wansink, Brian] Cornell Univ, Cornell Food & Brand Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wansink, Brian] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC USA. RP Wansink, B (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Food & Brand Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA BN 978-0-7656-2717-9 PY 2011 BP 319 EP 332 PG 14 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA BAO94 UT WOS:000304953000019 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Scharfenstein, LL Luo, M Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ Yu, JJ Brown, RL Campbell, BC AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Scharfenstein, Leslie L. Luo, Meng Mahoney, Noreen Molyneux, Russell J. Yu, Jiujiang Brown, Robert L. Campbell, Bruce C. TI Loss of msnA, a Putative Stress Regulatory Gene, in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus Increased Production of Conidia, Aflatoxins and Kojic Acid SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; aflatoxin; kojic acid; oxidative stress; development ID THIOL REDOX STATE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BINDING PROTEIN; MULTISTRESS RESPONSE; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA AB Production of the harmful carcinogenic aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus has been postulated to be a mechanism to relieve oxidative stress. The msnA gene of A. parasiticus and A. flavus is the ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSN2 that is associated with multi-stress response. Compared to wild type strains, the msnA deletion (Delta msnA) strains of A. parasiticus and A. flavus exhibited retarded colony growth with increased conidiation. The Delta msnA strains also produced slightly higher amounts of aflatoxins and elevated amounts of kojic acid on mixed cereal medium. Microarray assays showed that expression of genes encoding oxidative stress defense enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and cytochrome c peroxidase in A. parasiticus Delta msnA, and the catalase A gene in A. flavus Delta msnA, was up-regulated. Both A. parasiticus and A. flavus Delta msnA strains produced higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS production of A. flavus msnA addback strains was decreased to levels comparable to that of the wild type A. flavus. The msnA gene appears to be required for the maintenance of the normal oxidative state. The impairment of msnA resulted in the aforementioned changes, which might be used to combat the increased oxidative stress in the cells. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang; Scharfenstein, Leslie L.; Luo, Meng; Yu, Jiujiang; Brown, Robert L.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Mahoney, Noreen; Molyneux, Russell J.; Campbell, Bruce C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov; les.scharfenstein@ars.usda.gov; meng.luo@ars.usda.gov; noreen.mahoney@ars.usda.gov; molyneux@hawaii.edu; jiujiang.yu@ars.usda.gov; robert.brown@ars.usda.gov; bruce.campbell@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD JAN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 82 EP 104 DI 10.3390/toxins3010082 PG 23 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 994ZG UT WOS:000307974400005 PM 22069691 ER PT J AU Osuna-Garcia, JA Doyon, G Salazar-Garcia, S Goenaga, R Gonzalez-Duran, IJL AF Osuna-Garcia, Jorge A. Doyon, Gilles Salazar-Garcia, Samuel Goenaga, Ricardo Gonzalez-Duran, Isidro J. L. TI Relationship between skin color and some fruit quality characteristics of 'Hass' avocado SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE Skin blackening; firmness; dry matter; weight; maturity index ID OIL CONTENT; DRY-MATTER AB Mexico is the main 'Hass' avocado exporter in the world. More than 300,000 t are exported every year. The United States of America, Japan, the European Union, and Canada are the main importer countries. Recently, 'Hass' avocado shipments to Canada containing fruit with skin blackening have been rejected since this characteristic is associated with low pulp firmness and short shelf life. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between skin color of 'Hass' avocado fruit with quality characteristics. Fruit varying in black skin color (from 0 to 100%, categories 1 to 5) were collected from two different packinghouses in Michoacan, Mexico. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with five replications. Significant differences were detected between packinghouses for weight, length, skin color ('a', 'b', chroma and hue) and pulp firmness but not for width, dry matter content or the Avocado Maturity Index (AMI). As color skin category increased towards more blackened fruit, AMI value increased, firmness decreased but dry matter content did not change. These results provide evidence that fruit skin blackening is not associated with lower fruit quality, but it did lower pulp firmness at fruit packing. C1 [Osuna-Garcia, Jorge A.; Salazar-Garcia, Samuel; Gonzalez-Duran, Isidro J. L.] INIFAP Campo Expt Santiago Ixcuintla, Santiago Ixcuintla 63300, Nayarit, Mexico. [Doyon, Gilles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Food Res & Dev Ctr, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 8E3, Canada. [Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Osuna-Garcia, JA (reprint author), INIFAP Campo Expt Santiago Ixcuintla, Apartado Postal 100, Santiago Ixcuintla 63300, Nayarit, Mexico. EM osuna.jorgealberto@inifap.gob.mx NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 979KR UT WOS:000306819400002 ER PT J AU Fuglie, KO AF Fuglie, Keith O. BA Lee, DR Ndulo, M BF Lee, DR Ndulo, M TI Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa SO FOOD AND FINANCIAL CRISES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: ORIGINS, IMPACTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Food and Financial Crises and their Impacts on Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa CY MAY, 2009 CL Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY SP Cornell Univ, Inst African Dev, Cornell Univ, Charles H Dyson Sch Appl Econom & Management, IAD, Adm Home, Mario Einaudi Ctr Int Studies, David R Atkinson Ctr Sustainable Future, Inst Social Sci, Cornell Inst Publ Affairs, Cornell Food & Nutr Policy Program, Vice-Provost's Off Int Relat, Cornell Law Sch HO Cornell Univ ID GROWTH; TECHNOLOGY; INDEX AB Agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa remains low and is falling further behind the rest of the world. Nevertheless, agricultural output growth for the region accelerated in the 1990s and if sustained could spur economic development and poverty reduction. This chapter combines production function and index number approaches while incorporating natural resource quality variables to explore patterns of agricultural productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa between 1961 and 2008. The results indicate that most of the recent rise in agricultural productivity has been due to resource expansion that can be explained in part by improved macroeconomic and political environments. The rise in global commodity prices since 2006 has also improved agriculture's terms of trade. In addition, there is evidence that total factor productivity growth improved in some countries. This chapter explores possible reasons why some African countries have apparently been able to accelerate agricultural productivity growth and whether this can be sustained. C1 [Fuglie, Keith O.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Environm & Sci Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM kfuglie@ers.usda.gov NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-828-4 PY 2011 BP 122 EP 153 PG 32 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA BBC83 UT WOS:000306470500007 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Ince, PJ Skog, KE Aguilar, FX Keegan, CE Sorenson, CB Hodges, DG Smith, WB AF Woodall, C. W. Ince, P. J. Skog, K. E. Aguilar, F. X. Keegan, C. E. Sorenson, C. B. Hodges, D. G. Smith, W. B. TI An Overview of the Forest Products Sector Downturn in the United States SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSUMPTION; US AB In recent years, the forest products industry of the U.S. experienced a downturn in output to levels not seen in decades and employment losses in the hundreds of thousands -- for instance, a number far greater than witnessed in the Nation's automotive industry. The extent of the forest industry downturn varies by sector, impacted by structural changes in the overall economy coupled with substantial impacts from the Great Recession. Globalization of manufacturing and expanded use of electronic communication media contributed to a decline in U.S. pulp, paper, and paperboard output since the late 1990s, while the collapse of housing construction since 2006 and off-shoring of furniture production contributed to declines in U.S. wood product output. The paper points to structural changes that may be difficult to reverse, but also points to some potential prospects for growth in the future such as increased secondary product manufacturing and wood energy. This paper serves as an introduction to the extent of the downturn with a particular focus on trends in forest sector economic production and employment across the U.S. Because the nation's forest industry varies by region due to differences in forest resources and forest industries, additional regional examinations of this downturn (same issue) will highlight variations in the regional industrial response to the "Great Recession." C1 [Woodall, C. W.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ince, P. J.; Skog, K. E.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Aguilar, F. X.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Keegan, C. E.; Sorenson, C. B.] Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hodges, D. G.] Univ Tennessee, Nat Resource Policy Ctr, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Smith, W. B.] USDA Forest Serv, Washington Off, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Hodges, Donald/0000-0001-6751-0927 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 595 EP 603 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 978EB UT WOS:000306722300001 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Piva, PJ Luppold, WG Skog, KE Ince, PJ AF Woodall, C. W. Piva, P. J. Luppold, W. G. Skog, K. E. Ince, P. J. TI An Assessment of the Downturn in the Forest Products Sector in the Northern Region of the United States SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The forest industry within the northern region of the U.S. has declined notably in employment, mill numbers, wood consumption, and forest harvests since 2000...a downturn exacerbated by the recession of 2007 to 2009. Longer term industrial decline (since 2000) has been evidenced by reductions in secondary products (e.g., furniture) and print paper manufacturing which cab be attributed, respectively, to the lack of global competitiveness due to high U.S. wages and ascent of electronic media. In contrast, shorter term (since 2008), yet sharper declines occured in industries such as composite panel production that serve the housing industry. Despite a decade of decline, there are future opportunities for this region's forest industry. The region's forests are predominantly sawtimber (e.g., select hardwoods). Compled with this natural resource is a present, but underutilized industry with excess capacity and a skilled work force. As evidenced by recent trends in positive trade balances, the decline of the northern region's forest industry may be mitigated with a focus on new markets (e.g., wood energy) and balancing increased export of unfinished products (e.g., logs) with increased use of the region's skilled secondary product workforce (e.g., increasing international competiveness of U.S. producition). C1 [Woodall, C. W.; Piva, P. J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Luppold, W. G.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Skog, K. E.; Ince, P. J.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 604 EP 613 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 978EB UT WOS:000306722300002 ER PT J AU Hodges, DG Hartsell, AJ Brandeis, C Brandeis, CJ Bentley, JW AF Hodges, D. G. Hartsell, A. J. Brandeis, C. Brandeis, C. J. Bentley, J. W. TI Recession Effects on the Forests and Forest Products Industries of the South SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The economic recession affected southern forests and related industries substantially, particularly those sectors most closely related to home construction. Between 2005 and 2009, for example, the three primary forestry sectors wood manufacturing, paper manufacturing, and forestry and logging - lost more than 110,000 jobs in the southern United States. This article assesses the effects of the recession on the southern U.S. by reviewing existing data related to economic and resource impacts, including employment, timber product output, production facilities, state economies, exports, and forest area and management activities. While all sectors were affected, wood products and furniture manufacturing experienced the greatest change. As a result of the downturn, the South's forest sector's direct contribution to the regional economies decreased by 24 percent between 2004 and 2009. Some developments such as rebounding paper consumption, expanding export markets, and bioenergy, however, offer potential growth opportunities for the future. C1 [Hodges, D. G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hartsell, A. J.; Brandeis, C.; Brandeis, C. J.; Bentley, J. W.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Unit, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Hodges, DG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg,2341 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Hodges, Donald/0000-0001-6751-0927 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 614 EP 624 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 978EB UT WOS:000306722300003 ER PT J AU Keegan, CE Sorenson, CB Morgan, TA Hayes, SW Daniels, JM AF Keegan, C. E. Sorenson, C. B. Morgan, T. A. Hayes, S. W. Daniels, J. M. TI Impact of the Great Recession and Housing Collapse on the Forest Products Industry in the Western United States SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The first decade of the Twenty-first Century proved tumultuous for the West's forest products industry. A strong economy, low interest rates, easy access to credit, and real estate speculation fostered more than two million U.S. housing starts in 2005 and record lumber consumption from 2003 to 2005. With the decline in U.S. housing beginning in 2006, the 2008 global financial crisis, an over 50-year record low 554,000 housing starts in 2009, wood product prices and production fell dramatically. In 2009 and 2010, virtually every major western mill suffered curtailments and 30 large mills closed permanently. Sales value of wood and paper products in the West dropped from $49 billion in 2005 to $34 billion in 2009. Employment declined by 71,000 workers and lumber production fell by almost 50 percent from 2005 to 2009. Capacity utilization at sawmills and other timber-using facilities in the West fell from over 80 percent in 2005 to just over 50 percent in 2009 and 2010. With the exception of exports and some paper markets, U.S. wood products markets have improved little since the recession officially ended in 2009. Modest improvements are expected in domestic markets in the short term but substantial improvements are unlikely until 2014 or later, as U.S. home building recovers and global demand increases. Much of the West retains the bulk of its pre-recession (2006) capacity and mills could respond quickly to increased demand spurred by economic recovery. C1 [Keegan, C. E.; Sorenson, C. B.; Morgan, T. A.; Hayes, S. W.; Daniels, J. M.] Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Daniels, J. M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Keegan, CE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 625 EP 634 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 978EB UT WOS:000306722300004 ER PT J AU Thomas, RE AF Thomas, Ralph E. TI Predicting Internal White Oak (Quercus alba) Log Defect Features Using Surface Defect Indicator Measurements SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB As hardwood trees grow and develop, surface defects such as limb stubs and wounds are overgrown and encapsulated into the tree. Evidence of these defects can remain on the tree's surface for decades and in many instances for the life of the tree. The location and severity of internal defects dictate the quality and value of products that can be obtained from logs. Thus, log surface defect indicators such as log diameter at defect and surface indicator width, length, and rise provide a viable means of estimating the location and severity of internal defects. Evaluation of white oak (Quercus alba) log defects revealed that good correlations exist between external indicators and internal features for most severe defect types. Weaker correlations were observed with less severe defect types, such as bark distortions and adventitious knots. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. RP Thomas, RE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. EM ethomas@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 656 EP 663 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 978EB UT WOS:000306722300008 ER PT J AU Vitorelo, B Han, HS Elliot, W AF Vitorelo, Brian Han, Han-Sup Elliot, William TI Productivity and Cost of Integrated Harvesting for Fuel Reduction Thinning in Mixed-Conifer Forest SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FIRE; SYSTEMS; ECONOMICS; POLICY; ENERGY; STAND; TREES; USA AB Removing submerchantable size trees and forest residues as well as sawlogs is preferred in fuel reduction thinning because it improves treatment effectiveness and avoids slash burning. Fuel reduction thinning was investigated to describe integrated harvesting machine processes and productivity and to characterize stump-to-truck costs for sawlogs and biomass for energy production. This system was studied in mixed-conifer forest on land owned by the US Forest Service in northern California and southern Oregon. Detailed time-study methods were paired with standard machine rate calculation methods to evaluate productivity and costs for the system. Sensitivity analysis and a standardized comparison were performed to evaluate costs and productivity under varying operation parameters. Treatment costs (stump-to-truck; without mobilization, overhead, or profit) were US$0.42/ft(3) for sawlogs and US$52.41 per bone dry ton (BDT) for biomass. Standardized unit production costs for sawlog skidding varied little, but the smaller skidder was clearly preferable for biomass tree skidding when external skidding distances exceeded 200 feet. The grinder had the highest hourly cost of any machine in the system and its unit production cost (USS/BDT) was sensitive to changes in utilization rate. Evaluations on system balance showed that improved utilization of the grinder could be accomplished as the grinder and loader often waited for a chip van. Integrated harvesting was a cost-effective way of implementing fuel reduction thinning method because of the potential for sawlog revenues to offset some of the biomass extraction cost. C1 [Vitorelo, Brian; Han, Han-Sup] Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Sci, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Elliot, William] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Sta, Moscow, ID USA. RP Vitorelo, B (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Sci, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM brian.vitorelo@gmail.com; hh30@humboldt.edu; welliot@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX This study was funded by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service. The authors thank Dan Blessing and Mark Anderson of the Klamath National Forest and Dave Noble of South Bay Timber for their cooperation. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 664 EP 674 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 978EB UT WOS:000306722300009 ER PT J AU Brady, SM Zhang, LF Megraw, M Martinez, NJ Jiang, E Yi, CS Liu, WL Zeng, AN Taylor-Teeples, M Kim, D Ahnert, S Ohler, U Ware, D Walhout, AJM Benfey, PN AF Brady, Siobhan M. Zhang, Lifang Megraw, Molly Martinez, Natalia J. Jiang, Eric Yi, Charles S. Liu, Weilin Zeng, Anna Taylor-Teeples, Mallorie Kim, Dahae Ahnert, Sebastian Ohler, Uwe Ware, Doreen Walhout, Albertha J. M. Benfey, Philip N. TI A stele-enriched gene regulatory network in the Arabidopsis root SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; gene regulatory network; miRNA; transcription factor ID DNA INTERACTION NETWORK; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; EXPRESSION; ELEGANS; YEAST; PROTEINS; SYSTEM; PLANTS; ASSAYS; MAP AB Tightly controlled gene expression is a hallmark of multicellular development and is accomplished by transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). Although many studies have focused on identifying downstream targets of these molecules, less is known about the factors that regulate their differential expression. We used data from high spatial resolution gene expression experiments and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and two-hybrid (Y2H) assays to delineate a subset of interactions occurring within a gene regulatory network (GRN) that determines tissue-specific TF and miRNA expression in plants. We find that upstream TFs are expressed in more diverse cell types than their targets and that promoters that are bound by a relatively large number of TFs correspond to key developmental regulators. The regulatory consequence of many TFs for their target was experimentally determined using genetic analysis. Remarkably, molecular phenotypes were identified for 65% of the TFs, but morphological phenotypes were associated with only 16%. This indicates that the GRN is robust, and that gene expression changes may be canalized or buffered. Molecular Systems Biology 7: 459; published online 18 January 2011; doi:10.1038/msb.2010.114 C1 [Zhang, Lifang; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Brady, Siobhan M.; Jiang, Eric; Yi, Charles S.; Liu, Weilin; Benfey, Philip N.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Brady, Siobhan M.; Jiang, Eric; Yi, Charles S.; Liu, Weilin; Benfey, Philip N.] Duke Univ, IGSP Ctr Syst Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Brady, Siobhan M.; Zeng, Anna; Taylor-Teeples, Mallorie; Kim, Dahae] UC Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA USA. [Brady, Siobhan M.; Zeng, Anna; Taylor-Teeples, Mallorie; Kim, Dahae] UC Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Megraw, Molly; Ohler, Uwe] Duke Univ, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Martinez, Natalia J.; Walhout, Albertha J. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Martinez, Natalia J.; Walhout, Albertha J. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Mol Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Ahnert, Sebastian] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Ware, Doreen] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Ware, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu; marian.walhout@umassmed.edu; benfeyp@duke.edu RI Megraw, Molly/D-1988-2009; OI Megraw, Molly/0000-0001-6793-6151; Walhout, Marian/0000-0001-5587-3608 FU NSF [0618304, 0805648]; NIH [P50, DK068429, GM082971]; UC Davis startup grants; USDA [ARS 1907-21000-030-00D]; NSERC PDF; The Leverhulme Trust; The Royal Society (UK) FX This work was funded in part by an NSF grant to PNB and UO (Arabidopsis 2010: 0618304) and an NIH P50 grant for the Duke Center for Systems Biology, and UC Davis startup grants (SMB). AJMW is supported by NIH grants DK068429 and GM082971. LZ and DW are supported by USDA ARS 1907-21000-030-00D. SMB was supported by an NSERC PDF. MM is supported by an NSF PDF in Biological Informatics (0805648). SEA was supported by The Leverhulme Trust and The Royal Society (UK). We would like to thank Wolfgang Busch, Denis Dupuy, John Harada, Terri Long, Rossangela Sozzani, and, Jaimie VanNorman for critical review of the manuscript, and Alexsandra Skirycz for the gift of the OBP2 mutant and induction lines. NR 30 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1744-4292 J9 MOL SYST BIOL JI Mol. Syst. Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 7 AR 459 DI 10.1038/msb.2010.114 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 718BP UT WOS:000287095100004 PM 21245844 ER PT S AU Omer, M Locke, JC Frantz, JM Horst, LE Krause, CR AF Omer, M. Locke, J. C. Frantz, J. M. Horst, L. E. Krause, C. R. BE Dorais, M TI Interaction of Calibrachoa and Selected Root and Foliar Pathogens in Greenhouse Settings SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH TECHNOLOGY FOR GREENHOUSE SYSTEMS: GREENSYS2009 SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Technology for Greenhouse Systems (GreenSys) CY APR 30, 2011 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE Botrytis; Phytophthora; Pythium; Verticillium; water molds ID IRRIGATION WATER; PHYTOPHTHORA; PYTHIUM; PETUNIA AB Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa x hybrida) is a popular annual ornamental that was introduced in the late 1990s by the greenhouse ornamental industry. Little is published about its interaction with pathogens commonly associated with greenhouse production. We report here for the first time the response of Calibrachoa to infection by pathogens that may be introduced in greenhouse production cycles through the use of infested soil, contaminated tools, infected cuttings, and contaminated irrigation water. Rooted cuttings of 'Colorburst Violet' were artificially inoculated with isolates from Phytophthora, Pythium, Verticillium and Botrytis. Symptoms expressed in response to infection included interveinal chlorosis of young leaves, wilting and necrotic root tips with fewer or no secondary or tertiary roots. Non-challenged plants had healthy root systems with an abundance of primary, secondary, and tertiary roots. We observed a 12 to >80% decrease in root fresh weight in symptomatic plants compared to plants that showed no disease symptoms. All isolates from infected plants were recovered and identities confirmed. Greenhouse managers and clinicians should be aware that Calibrachoa is susceptible to several important plant pathogens and should scout regularly for them in order to exclude them as much as possible from their production systems. C1 [Omer, M.; Locke, J. C.; Frantz, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Omer, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM medani.omer@ars.usda.gov FU Marie Curie Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Community [PITN-GA-2012-316919-EDUSAFE] FX The authors wish to thank Frieder Pankratz, Manuel Huber, Marcus Tonnis, Manfred Roslmair, and all members of the Fachgebiet Augmented Reality (FAR) of TU Munich and the EDUSAFE project. This research has been supported by a Marie Curie Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Community FP7 Programme under contract number PITN-GA-2012-316919-EDUSAFE. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66050-47-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2011 IS 893 BP 1301 EP 1307 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAS45 UT WOS:000305385800153 ER PT S AU Fagerquist, CK AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. BE Fenselau, C Demirev, P TI Rapid Identification of Food-Borne Pathogens by Top-Down Proteomics Using MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry SO RAPID CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS BY MASS SPECTROMETRY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 238th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)/American-Chemical-Society (ACS) Symposium on Emerging Contaminants, Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), and Organohalogens in Wastewater and Municipal Biosolids CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol, Amer Chem Soc, Env Chem Inc ID DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; INTACT MICROORGANISMS; PROTEIN BIOMARKERS AB Rapid identification of bacterial microorganisms is particularly relevant to efforts to monitor the safety and security of domestically grown and imported foods. Mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly utilized to identify and characterize bacterial microorganisms and in particular food-borne pathogens. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (TOF-TOF-MS/MS) has recently been shown to fragment small and modest-sized singly-charged protein ions (without prior protein digestion) to generate sequence-specific fragment ions. These sequence-specific fragment ions can be used for identification of the protein and, if the protein sequence is sufficiently unique, the source microorganism. Our group has developed web-based software for rapid top-down identification of protein biomarkers of bacterial microorganisms from sequence-specific fragment ions analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS. The software rapidly compares the mass-to-charge (m/z) of MS/MS fragment ions to the m/z of in silico fragment ions derived from hundreds of bacterial protein sequences that have the same molecular weight as the protein biomarker ion. We have identified several protein biomarkers from pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli using this top-down proteomic identification approach. C1 ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clifton.fagerquist@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2612-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1065 BP 99 EP + PG 23 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Microbiology SC Chemistry; Microbiology GA BAS36 UT WOS:000305357700007 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Goheen, SC AF Edwards, J. V. Goheen, S. C. BE Pan, N Sun, G TI New developments in functional medical textiles and their mechanism of action SO FUNCTIONAL TEXTILES FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE, PROTECTION AND HEALTH SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE biomaterials; medical textiles; biocompatibility; implantables; non-implantables; extracorporeals; chronic wound dressings; pressure ulcer; hemorrhage control ID EXTREMITY ARTERIAL HEMORRHAGES; LIFE-THREATENING COAGULOPATHY; TRAUMA PATIENT HYPOTHERMIA; INCONTINENCE PADS; PRESSURE ULCERS; CELL APOPTOSIS; CHRONIC WOUNDS; TISSUE-REPAIR; HUMAN SKIN; IN-VITRO AB Functional medical textiles are undergoing a revolution in structural design. Medical textiles as non-implantables, implantables and extracorporeals are playing central roles in healthcare improvements enhancing and prolonging the quality of life. Developments in the design of materials that function at the biological-material interface address material biocompatibility and bioactive function. A deeper understanding of the physiological, biochemical and biophysical milieus of biomaterials is being achieved in critical areas like wound healing, implant biocompatibility, dialysis and pressure ulcer prevention, which coupled with advances in nanotechnology holds great promise for tissue engineering and areas of biomaterial design for wound healing and prevention. C1 [Edwards, J. V.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Goheen, S. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Chem & Phys Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM Vince.Edwards@ARS.USDA.GOV; steve.goheen@pnl.gov NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-287-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER TE PY 2011 IS 120 BP 293 EP 319 D2 10.1533/9780857092878 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BYQ00 UT WOS:000299707700014 ER PT S AU Hammond, J AF Hammond, J. BE Derks, AFLM Meekes, ETM Stijger, CCMM TI Universal Plant Virus Microarrays, Broad Spectrum PCR Assays, and Other Tools for Virus Detection and Identification SO XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY JUL 31, 2011 CL Haarlem, NETHERLANDS DE microarray; macroarray; broad spectrum PCR; virus detection; plant virus ID MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; NONISOTOPIC MOLECULAR HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 4 APPLE VIRUSES; PLUM-POX-VIRUS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DNA MICROARRAYS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RNA VIRUSES AB Microarrays have emerged as an important tool in identifying changes in gene expression under different conditions, including plant responses to pathogen infection. A logical extension of the technology is the detection of the pathogen itself, and a number of laboratories have developed either macroarrays or microarrays capable of detection and differentiation of the viruses known to infect a specific crop. Microarrays, broad spectrum PCR, Real-time PCR, and other methods of detecting multiple viruses are discussed. C1 US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-53-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2011 IS 901 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BAL68 UT WOS:000304590800005 ER PT S AU Hammond, J Reinsel, M AF Hammond, J. Reinsel, M. BE Derks, AFLM Meekes, ETM Stijger, CCMM TI Mixed Infections and Novel Viruses in Various Species of Phlox SO XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY JUL 31, 2011 CL Haarlem, NETHERLANDS DE phlox; potexvirus; potyvirus; carlavirus; virus detection; broad spectrum PCR ID MOSAIC POTEXVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION AB Several species of Phlox are commonly cultivated as perennial bedding plants, and hybrid varieties of annual phlox (Phlox drummondii) have recently entered the market as vegetatively propagated pot plants. Virus-like symptoms are commonly observed in plants offered for sale. We have detected several viruses in different species of phlox, typically in mixed infections of up to five distinct viruses, using a combination of electron microscopy, host range, and broad-spectrum or virus-specific serological or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The potexvirus Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) was detected in plants of creeping phlox (P. stolonifera), sweet William phlox (P. divaricata), and downy phlox (P. pilosa). One novel carlavirus, which we have named Phlox virus S (PhlVS), was isolated from P. stolonifera; another previously undescribed carlavirus, Phlox virus B (PhlVB), was detected only in P. divaricata; a third carlavirus, Phlox virus M (PhlVM), was detected in hybrid annual phlox. Two distinct potyviruses were detected, Spiranthes mosaic virus 3 (SpiMV-3), and a previously undescribed potyvirus; both were found together in P. stolonifera 'Blue Ridge' and 'Bruce's White', and in P. glaberrima 'Anita Kistler'. SpiMV-3 was also detected in P. divaricata, and potyvirus isolates of as yet-undetermined sequence were also detected in P. divaricata, P. pilosa, and P. subulata. Tobamovirus isolates were found in P. stolonifera, P. divaricata and P. subulata, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in P. subulata, and Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) in P. stolonifera and P. subulata. Angelonia flower break virus (AnFBV, carmovirus) has been detected in hybrid annual phlox (P. drummondii) in combination with PhlVM. However, it is difficult to determine which viruses are most important, as there is little difference in symptom severity between P. stolonifera plants carrying a single virus (AltMV) and plants infected with up to five viruses (AltMV, PhlVS, TRSV, SpiMV3, and a novel potyvirus). We have determined the complete sequences of PhlVS and PhlVB, and the 3'-terminal region of PhlVM. These three viruses infect different species of phlox, are clearly distinct from each other and from previously characterized carlaviruses at both the nucleotide and amino acid level, and thus represent separate species in the genus Carlavirus. C1 [Hammond, J.; Reinsel, M.] US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-53-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2011 IS 901 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BAL68 UT WOS:000304590800015 ER PT S AU Adkins, S Baker, CA Jones, L Irey, MS Rosskopf, EN AF Adkins, S. Baker, C. A. Jones, L. Irey, M. S. Rosskopf, E. N. BE Derks, AFLM Meekes, ETM Stijger, CCMM TI Identification of Three Potyviruses in Ammi majus in Florida SO XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY JUL 31, 2011 CL Haarlem, NETHERLANDS DE Apiaceae; Potyviridae; Clover yellow vein virus; Bidens mottle virus; Apium virus Y ID BIDENS-MOTTLE-VIRUS; WILD AB Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV) and Apium virus Y (ApVY) were identified in Ammi majus in south Florida cut flower production areas in 2005 and/or 2007. To the best of our knowledge, these results are the first report of ClYVV and BiMoV infection of A. majus in North America and the first report of ApVY in North America. Common weeds in Florida are known reservoir hosts for ClYVV including white clover (Trifolium repens) and for BiMoV including Spanish needles (Bidens pilosa) and tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum). Detection of ClYVV and BiMoV in other ornamental crops in Florida suggests that these viruses pose a broader risk to ornamental production. C1 [Adkins, S.; Rosskopf, E. N.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-53-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2011 IS 901 BP 133 EP 137 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BAL68 UT WOS:000304590800017 ER PT S AU Jordan, R Guaragna, MA Putnam, M AF Jordan, R. Guaragna, M. A. Putnam, M. BE Derks, AFLM Meekes, ETM Stijger, CCMM TI Detection and Molecular Characterization of New and Emerging Potyviruses of Ornamental Plants SO XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY JUL 31, 2011 CL Haarlem, NETHERLANDS DE Impatiens; Omphalodes; Spiranthes; Tricyrtis; Brugmansia; PCR; monoclonal antibody ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; POTYVIRIDAE; PRIMERS; FAMILY; VIRUS AB Many plant virus diseases cause significant losses in the production and quality of ornamental crops, are very difficult to control, and new diseases occur as different crops are introduced or grown in new areas. Many crops are susceptible to multiple viruses, each of which may cause serious economic losses, and infected plant material may not be acceptable for export. Growers have reported problems with previously unreported viruses in several economically important ornamental crop species exhibiting virus-like symptoms. Testing of various ornamental plants exhibiting mosaic, ringspot, or flower break symptoms with our potyviral broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody PTY-1 revealed that the causal agent might be a potyvirus. Electron microscopic examination of leaf dips or thin sections usually revealed the presence of potyvirus-like particles or potyviral cytopathology, respectively. The potyvirus group contains over 200 definitive and possible members which cause significant losses in many important agronomical and horticultural important crop species. Here we report the detection, cloning, sequencing and identity of potyviruses detected by PTY-1 in various ornamental plants. Total RNA extracts from symptomatic PTY-1 'positive' plants were used with potyvirus-specific primers in RT-PCR assays. The degenerate primers used for the genus Potyvirus direct the amplification of fragments from the 3' terminus of most potyviruses (including the coat protein gene and 3' NCR). The resultant PCR amplicons were cloned, sequenced and compared to potyvirus sequences in the international databases. Serological and pair-wise and phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the identification of new potyviruses, including Tricyrtis virus Y in toad lily Tricyrtis formosana (in a mixed infection with Lily virus X potexvirus) and Omphalodes virus Y in Navelwort Omphalodes. Previously identified reoccurring potyviruses infecting Euphorbia (Euphorbia ringspot virus), Brugmansia (Columbian datura virus), Impatiens (Impatiens flower break virus), Osteospermum (Lettuce mosaic virus), Schizostylis (Bean yellow mosaic virus) and Spiranthes (Dasheen mosaic virus, Spiranthes mosaic virus 2 and 3 were also detected and confirmed. C1 [Jordan, R.; Guaragna, M. A.] US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jordan, R (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-53-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2011 IS 901 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BAL68 UT WOS:000304590800020 ER PT J AU Cannon, SB Shoemaker, RC AF Cannon, Steven B. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Evolutionary and comparative analyses of the soybean genome SO BREEDING SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Glycine max; soybean; legume evolution; polyploidy; SoyBase; Legume Information System; Legumebase; Phytozome ID ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; TARGETED MUTAGENESIS; RESISTANCE; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; DIVERSIFICATION; POLYPLOIDY; SEQUENCES; REGIONS AB The soybean genome assembly has been available since the end of 2008. Significant features of the genome include large, gene-poor, repeat-dense pericentromeric regions, spanning roughly 57% of the genome sequence; a relatively large genome size of similar to 1.15 billion bases; remnants of a genome duplication that occurred similar to 13 million years ago (Mya); and fainter remnants of older polyploidies that occurred similar to 58 Mya and >130 Mya. The genome sequence has been used to identify the genetic basis for numerous traits, including disease resistance, nutritional characteristics, and developmental features. The genome sequence has provided a scaffold for placement of many genomic feature elements, both from within soybean and from related species. These may be accessed at several websites, including http://www.phytozome.net, http://soybase.org, http://comparative-legumes.org, and http://www.legumebase.brc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp. The taxonomic position of soybean in the Phaseoleae tribe of the legumes means that there are approximately two dozen other beans and relatives that have undergone independent domestication, and which may have traits that will be useful for transfer to soybean. Methods of translating information between species in the Phaseoleae range from design of markers for marker assisted selection, to transformation with Agrobacterium or with other experimental transformation methods. C1 [Cannon, Steven B.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cannon, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.cannon@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU JAPANESE SOC BREEDING PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, GRADUATE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL LIFE SCIENCES, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-8657, JAPAN SN 1344-7610 EI 1347-3735 J9 BREEDING SCI JI Breed. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 61 IS 5 SI SI BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1270/jsbbs.61.437 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 948NY UT WOS:000304511100002 PM 23136483 ER PT J AU Sugimoto, T Kato, M Yoshida, S Matsumoto, I Kobayashi, T Kaga, A Hajika, M Yamamoto, R Watanabe, K Aino, M Matoh, T Walker, DR Biggs, AR Ishimoto, M AF Sugimoto, Takuma Kato, Masayasu Yoshida, Shinya Matsumoto, Isao Kobayashi, Tamotsu Kaga, Akito Hajika, Makita Yamamoto, Ryo Watanabe, Kazuhiko Aino, Masataka Matoh, Toru Walker, David R. Biggs, Alan R. Ishimoto, Masao TI Pathogenic diversity of Phytophthora sojae and breeding strategies to develop Phytophthora-resistant soybeans SO BREEDING SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE race-specific resistance; partial resistance; Phytophthora sojae; Phytophthora stem and root rot; Rps gene; soybean ID F-SP GLYCINEA; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; STEM ROT DISEASE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MEGASPERMA VAR SOJAE; ROOT-ROT; PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; MAJOR GENE; PHYSIOLOGIC RACES; ZOOSPORE RELEASE AB Phytophthora stem and root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is one of the most destructive diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and the incidence of this disease has been increasing in several soybean-producing areas around the world. This presents serious limitations for soybean production, with yield losses from 4 to 100%. The most effective method to reduce damage would be to grow Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars, and two types of host resistance have been described. Race-specific resistance conditioned by single dominant Rps ("resistance to Phytophthora sojae") genes and quantitatively inherited partial resistance conferred by multiple genes could both provide protection from the pathogen. Molecular markers linked to Rps genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying partial resistance have been identified on several molecular linkage groups corresponding to chromosomes. These markers can be used to screen for Phytophthora-resistant plants rapidly and efficiently, and to combine multiple resistance genes in the same background. This paper reviews what is currently known about pathogenic races of P. sojae in the USA and Japan, selection of sources of Rps genes or minor genes providing partial resistance, and the current state and future scope of breeding Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars. C1 [Sugimoto, Takuma; Yoshida, Shinya; Matsumoto, Isao; Kobayashi, Tamotsu; Watanabe, Kazuhiko; Aino, Masataka] Hyogo Agr Inst Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo 6790198, Japan. [Kato, Masayasu] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan. [Kaga, Akito; Ishimoto, Masao] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Hajika, Makita] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, NARO Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Yamamoto, Ryo] Natl Agr Res Ctr Tohoku Reg NARCT, Morioka, Iwate 0200198, Japan. [Watanabe, Kazuhiko] Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Appl Biol & Chem, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568502, Japan. [Matoh, Toru] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Plant Nutr, Div Appl Life Sci,Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Walker, David R.] USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Walker, David R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr 232, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Biggs, Alan R.] W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sugimoto, T (reprint author), Hyogo Agr Inst Agr Forestry & Fisheries, 1533 Minamino Oka, Kasai, Hyogo 6790198, Japan. EM Takuma_Sugimoto@pref.hyogo.lg.jp OI Biggs, Alan/0000-0001-8362-9530 FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [DD-3113, 1005]; Hyogo Prefectural Government FX The authors thank Professor Dr. Anne E. Dorrance of The Ohio State University for valuable discussions and for providing P. sojae isolates from Ohio; Eiji Hinomoto for collecting diseased plants; Tomoko Okudaira, Kozue Akamatsu, Toshiharu Ohnishi, Sanae Shikata, Natsuko Ichieda, Masanobu Kawai, Atsuko Mineyama and Seiko Mori for supporting this study; and Akiko Tazawa and Yoko Yamashita (Hokkaido Prefectural Plant Genetic Resource Center), as well as Randall L. Nelson (USDA-ARS) for providing seeds of the soybean differential cultivars. This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [Genomics for Agricultural Innovation (DD-3113) and Development of mitigation and adaptation techniques to global warming in the sectors of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (1005)], and by a grant from the Hyogo Prefectural Government (Overseas training programs for young staff, 2007). NR 86 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 27 PU JAPANESE SOC BREEDING PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, GRADUATE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL LIFE SCIENCES, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-8657, JAPAN SN 1344-7610 EI 1347-3735 J9 BREEDING SCI JI Breed. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 61 IS 5 SI SI BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1270/jsbbs.61.511 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 948NY UT WOS:000304511100009 PM 23136490 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, Lewis H. BE Dinar, A Mendelsohn, R TI Climate change, carbon dioxide and global crop production: food security and uncertainty SO HANDBOOK ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KUDZU PUERARIA-MONTANA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; C-4 WEED; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; PROJECTED INCREASES; WATER-RESOURCES; YIELD LOSS; GROWTH C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Ziska, Lewis H.] Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84980-116-4 PY 2011 BP 9 EP 31 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZB32 UT WOS:000300991900002 ER PT J AU Reilly, J AF Reilly, John BE Dinar, A Mendelsohn, R TI The role of growth and trade in agricultural adaptation to environmental change SO HANDBOOK ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IMPACT; OZONE; FOOD; EMISSIONS; BENEFITS; FORESTS; CROPS C1 [Reilly, John] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reilly, John] MIT, Sloan Sch, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reilly, John] US Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC USA. [Reilly, John] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Reilly, John] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Reilly, John] Inst Energy Anal, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Reilly, John] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, J (reprint author), MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84980-116-4 PY 2011 BP 230 EP 268 PG 39 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZB32 UT WOS:000300991900011 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, R Kenney, D AF Wilkinson, Robert Kenney, Douglas BE Kenney, DS Wilkinson, R TI The Water-Energy Nexus in the American West Preface SO WATER-ENERGY NEXUS IN THE AMERICAN WEST LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Wilkinson, Robert] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wilkinson, Robert] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Environm Studies Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kenney, Douglas] Univ Colorado, Nat Resources Law Ctr, Sch Law, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kenney, Douglas] Univ Colorado, Western Water Policy Program, Sch Law, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kenney, Douglas] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilkinson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84980-936-8 PY 2011 BP XIV EP XV PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BYH99 UT WOS:000298876200001 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS Ascough, JC AF McMaster, G. S. Ascough, J. C., II BE Araus, JL Slafer, GA TI Crop Management to Cope with Global Change: a Systems Perspective Aided by Information Technologies SO CROP STRESS MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SE CABI Climate Change Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGE SCALES; WINTER-WHEAT; SIMULATION-MODELS; DECISION-SUPPORT; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; SPRING WHEAT; FACE EXPERIMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CERES-WHEAT C1 [McMaster, G. S.; Ascough, J. C., II] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM greg.mcmaster@ars.usda.gov; jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov NR 130 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-680-8 J9 CABI CLIM CHANGE SER PY 2011 VL 2 BP 172 EP 190 D2 10.1079/9781845936808.0000 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZZ93 UT WOS:000303457100010 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Sandler, RJ AF Buffington, Matthew L. Sandler, Robert J. TI The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of wing interference patterns in Cynipoidea (Insecta : Hymenoptera) SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Article ID FIGITIDAE EUCOILINAE; CIRCUMSCRIPTION; EVOLUTION; GENUS AB Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are a potentially rich source of taxonomic data. We surveyed a broad range of Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) for the presence of these patterns. Further, we used phylogeny to investigate the evolutionary patterns of WIPs throughout the superfamily. We also documented that WIPs occur across nearly all species sampled, in both the hindwing and forewing; in many instances, the forewing WIP is carried over to the hindwing. Only Austrocynips mirabilis Riek lacked WIPs. Among species that possess WIPs, we were able to recognise four distinct categories: radiform (radiating), striatiform (longitudinally striate), campiform (continuous field) and galactiform (amorphous mixture of colours). Wing interference patterns are not found in infuscate wings or areas of infuscation on otherwise hyaline wings, and are reduced on large wings. Within Figitidae, WIPs are more phylogenetically conservative, especially at the tribal level: within Cynipidae the phylogenetic conservatism of WIPs is somewhat less clear, though all Synergini sampled had a very consistent WIPs. For certain genera, such as Ganaspidium and Andricus, WIPs may prove useful for species-level discrimination. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USNM, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sandler, Robert J.] Brown Univ, Dept Sci & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USNM, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, 10th & Constitut Ave NW,POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 EI 1447-2600 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 586 EP 597 DI 10.1071/IS11038 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 937JQ UT WOS:000303655200003 ER PT J AU Bloom, JC Holland, JB AF Bloom, Josie C. Holland, James B. TI Genomic localization of the maize cross-incompatibility gene, Gametophyte factor 1 (ga1) SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE gametophyte factor; pollination; compatibility ID REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; ZEA; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; LOCUS AB Gametophyte factors in maize (Zea mays L) mediate pollen-pistil interactions that confer preferential fertilization of some pistil genotypes by pollen carrying compatible alleles. Non-Mendelian segregation ratios caused by gametophyte factors have been observed in maize since the early 1920's. In this study, we mapped the gal locus by analyzing segregation distortion and QTL for seed set in recombinant inbred lines from the cross B73 x Hp301. The dent corn parent of this cross, B73, carries ga1, whereas the popcorn parent Hp301 carries the Ga1-s allele conferring preferential fertilization and cross-sterility. High density genotyping-by-sequencing markers were used to delineate the position of ga1 to a 2.6 Mbp region of the B73 reference sequence (AGP version 2). We also mapped ga1 based on its inheritance in backcross between W22 (ga1) and a near-isogenic line carrying Ga1-s on a chromosome segment introgressed from a popcorn variety. The chromosome blocks introgressed from popcorn into W22 were identified with a high-density SNP assay. We created simple sequence repeat markers targeting sequences linked to ga1 to track its inheritance in the W22 backcross populations. Recently, other researchers independently mapped ga1 in crosses of Chinese dent and popcorn lines, and we compared our results to theirs with reference to the B73 reference sequence. All lines of evidence were consistent, with the intervals containing ga1 among all studies overlapping in a 2.2 Mbp interval on chromosome 4 containing 13 predicted genes in the B73 reference sequence. C1 [Bloom, Josie C.; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Dep Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; USA National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, IOS-0820619] FX We thank Dr. Jerry Kermicle for the gift of Ga1-s su1 (W22) stock seeds. Research supported by USDA-Agricultural Research Service and USA National Science Foundation (DBI-0321467 and IOS-0820619). NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 941KO UT WOS:000303962300009 ER PT S AU Wang, GS Yu, MH Zhu, JY AF Wang, Gaosheng Yu, Menghui Zhu, J. Y. BE Cao, Z He, YH Sun, L Cao, XQ TI Sulfite Pretreatment (SPORL) for Robust Enzymatic Saccharification of Corn Stalks SO APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, PTS 1-3 SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials CY MAY 28-30, 2011 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, James Cook Univ, Hunan Univ, S Central Univ China, Hunan Normal Univ, Xiangtan Univ DE sulfite; bisulfite; pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis; saccharification; corn stalk; SPORL AB This study demonstrates sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust bioconversion of corn stalks. With only about 3% sodium bisulfite charge on corn stalks and 30 min pretreatment at temperature 180 degrees C, SPORL can achieve near complete cellulose conversion to glucose in 48h enzymatic hydrolysis. Sulfuric acid charge has great effect on SPORL pretreatment. Enzymatic cellulose conversion of substrate increased with the increase in acid charge under the studied conditions. Bisulfite with different counter-ions can be used in the SPORL. Magnesium as counter ion was found to be more effective on enzymatic hydrolysis of substrate than sodium or ammonium. C1 [Wang, Gaosheng; Yu, Menghui] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin Key Lab Pulp & Paper, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Wang, Gaosheng] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Wang, GS (reprint author), Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin Key Lab Pulp & Paper, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. EM gswang@tust.edu.cn; jzhu@fs.fed.us FU Tianjin colleges & universities Science & Technology Fund of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission [20080522]; State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper open fund of South China University of Technology [200924] FX This work was financially supported by the Tianjin colleges & universities Science & Technology Fund of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (20080522), and State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper open fund of South China University of Technology (200924). The authors would also like to thank Forest Products Laboratory, USDA for providing research support. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03785-121-0 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2011 VL 236-238 BP 173 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.236-238.173 PN 1-3 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BZT82 UT WOS:000302924100036 ER PT J AU Jaradat, AA AF Jaradat, Abdullah A. TI Ecogeography, genetic diversity, and breeding value of wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Korn ex Asch & Graebn.) Thell. SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Breeding; Ecogeography; Fertile Crescent; Genetic diversity; Population structure; Triticum dicoccoides; Wild emmer ID TURGIDUM SSP DICOCCOIDES; SEED STORAGE PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENINS; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; GRAIN PROTEIN; ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS; AGRICULTURAL ORIGINS; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; CULTIVATED WHEAT AB Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Korn ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell. is the allotetraploid (2n=4x=28; genome BBAA) progenitor of cultivated wheat. It is fully compatible with the tetraploid (BBAA) durum wheat (Triticum durum), and can be crossed with the hexaploid (2n=6x=42; BBAADD) wheat (Triticum aestivum). In the Fertile Crescent, the centre of origin and centre of diversity of wild emmer wheat, the wild progenitor exhibits a wide phenotypic and genotypic variation and displays a rich adaptive genetic diversity which is ecologically and genetically structured as an "archipelago." The fertile hybrids between wild emmer wheat and domesticated durum wheat point to the early, and probably current, extensive gene flow that must have enriched the genetic structure of both subspecies in the Fertile Crescent. Specific alleles and allele combinations predominate, at the macro-and microgeographic scales, as co-adaptive blocks of genes adapted to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Wild emmer wheat is recognized as a source of genes for agronomically important traits. These include genes for large spike and grain size, high grain and protein yield, desirable composition of storage proteins, photosynthetic yield, herbicide response, salt tolerance, drought tolerance, disease (leaf rust, stripe rust, powdery mildew, and soil-born mosaic virus) resistance, profuse tillering, and genes for other quantitative traits. For millennia, the vast genetic diversity in wild emmer wheat must have contributed to the spatially and temporally sustainable wheat production as a major component of dynamic cropping systems in the Fertile Crescent. With the advent of, and easy access to, molecular genetics and breeding tools, wild emmer wheat is expected to contribute the full range of its diversity in quantitative and qualitative traits for a more globally sustainable wheat production. It is expected that the current and future detailed records of phenotypes and genotypes and their spatio-temporal variation patterns in the Fertile Crescent will form an integral part of a relational database that can serve future strategies for in situ conservation, collection, evaluation, and utilization by wheat geneticists and breeders. C1 USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM abdullah.jaradat@ars.usda.gov NR 125 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOUTHERN CROSS PUBL PI LISMORE PA 8 91-93 MCKENZIE ST, LISMORE, NSW 2480, AUSTRALIA SN 1835-2693 J9 AUST J CROP SCI JI Aust. J. Crop Sci. PY 2011 VL 5 IS 9 SI SI BP 1072 EP 1086 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 935KQ UT WOS:000303518000002 ER PT S AU Lu, KY Fu, F Fu, YJ Cai, ZY AF Lu, Keyang Fu, Feng Fu, Yuejing Cai, Zhiyong BE Du, ZY Wang, Z TI Study to Wood Electromagnetic Shielding Composites Laminated with Aluminum Plates SO GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENERGY-SAVING CONSTRUCTION SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of Green Building Materials and Energy-saving Construction (GBMEC 2011) CY AUG 06, 2011 CL Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Informat Technol & Ind Engn Res Ctr, Harbin Inst Technol DE wood electromagnetic shielding composites; multilayer and sandwich shielding structure; aluminum plate; building product AB Radiations from different electrical devices cause electromagnetic interference which will influence the performance realization of other electromagnetic device and cause the health concerns. The aluminum plates were then used to develop wood electromagnetic shielding composites by laminating with the plywood. Their static modulus of elasticity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composites with different thickness and position of aluminum plates were evaluated. The results showed that the strength of composites were improved by laminating the aluminum plates on the surface. The electromagnetic shielding performance of the composites were increased by the design of the multilayer and sandwich shielding structure. Again, It was also found that the composites made by laminating two aluminum plates (1mm, in the middle or on the surface) had a better shielding effectiveness (60 dB to 92 dB, 60 dB to 106 dB, Ranged from 1 GHz to 10 GHz) and met the requirement for a commercial electromagnetic shielding building product. C1 [Lu, Keyang; Fu, Feng; Fu, Yuejing] Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Wood Ind, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Lu, KY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Wood Ind, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM luky@caf.ac.cn; feng@caf.ac.cn; fyj@caf.ac.cn; zcai@fs.fed.us FU central grade public-welfare scientific research institution special fund project [CAFYBB2008019]; quality control public-welfare project [200810580] FX The authors thank the central grade public-welfare scientific research institution special fund project (CAFYBB2008019) and quality control public-welfare project (200810580) for supporting this paper. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03785-189-0 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2011 VL 280 BP 159 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.280.159 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BAA31 UT WOS:000303485900035 ER PT S AU Rasaputra, KS Liyanage, R Lay, JO Slavik, MF Rath, NC AF Rasaputra, Komal S. Liyanage, Rohana Lay, Jackson O., Jr. Slavik, Michael F. Rath, Narayan C. BE Tarasenko, O TI "Proteomic Changes in Growth Plate Chondrocyte Culture Treated with Thiram" SO BIOLOGY, NANOTECHNOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH BIONANOTOX AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th BioNanoTox and Applications International Research Conference CY NOV 04-05, 2010 CL Little Rock, AR SP U S Food & Drug Adm, Arkansas Sci & Technol Author, Winthrop Rockefeller Fdn, Coll Sci & Math, Univ Arkansas, Grad Sch (UALR), Univ Arkansas, Med Sci (UAMS), Arkansas Biosci Inst, BioNanoTox Intl (BNT), UALRs Grad Sch, Dept Biol, Biol Club C1 [Rasaputra, Komal S.; Rath, Narayan C.] ARS, PPPSRU, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0910-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1326 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Biology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BZT53 UT WOS:000302909100041 ER PT S AU Rasaputra, KS Liyanage, R Okimoto, R Lay, JO Rath, NC AF Rasaputra, Komal S. Liyanage, Rohana Okimoto, Ron Lay, Jackson O., Jr. Rath, Narayan C. BE Tarasenko, O TI SERUM PEPTIDE CHANGES IN CHICKENS WITH METABOLIC SKELETAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LAMENESS SO BIOLOGY, NANOTECHNOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH BIONANOTOX AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th BioNanoTox and Applications International Research Conference CY NOV 04-05, 2010 CL Little Rock, AR SP U S Food & Drug Adm, Arkansas Sci & Technol Author, Winthrop Rockefeller Fdn, Coll Sci & Math, Univ Arkansas, Grad Sch (UALR), Univ Arkansas, Med Sci (UAMS), Arkansas Biosci Inst, BioNanoTox Intl (BNT), UALRs Grad Sch, Dept Biol, Biol Club ID TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; GROWTH-PLATE; BODY-FLUIDS; MALDI-TOF; CARTILAGE; MATRIX; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS AB Serum proteins and peptides have potential as biomarkers since they form the structural and functional basis of tissues and are involved in metabolic and regulatory processes. Changes in their profiles or their breakdown products have been of interest as potential biomarkers. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and femoral head separation (FHS) are two metabolic skeletal problems in poultry that cause lameness. The objective of this study was to identify serum peptide changes associated with lameness in poultry that may be predictive of the disease and may help in eliminating these hereditary defects from the genetic pool. Serum peptides were extracted from six-wk-old chickens with or without the above leg problems using C-18 magnetic beads and analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed peptides were analyzed in the m/z range of 1,000-10,000 using ClinproToolTM software. Twenty two peaks from TD and 20 from FHS affected chickens were compared with their respective controls. The spectral peaks were identified using mass spectrometry followed by a data base search. Some of the peptides identified were hemostasis associated breakdown products. No differentially expressed peptide was detected in FHS but a peptide with m/z 5308.1 was elevated in chickens with TD (p <= 0.05). It was identified as a fragment of alpha 1 type-XI isoform 1. Type XI collagen is a cartilage specific extracellular matrix protein that is involved in the organization of other collagens and maintains extracellular matrix integrity. Its breakdown product may indicate cartilage degeneration in tibial dyschondroplasia thus may serve as a surrogate marker for this problem. C1 [Rasaputra, Komal S.; Rath, Narayan C.] Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Rasaputra, Komal S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Liyanage, Rohana; Lay, Jackson O., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facil, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Okimoto, Ron] Cobb Vantress Co, Siloam Springs, AR USA. RP Rasaputra, KS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 FU Cobb-Vantress Company, AR FX This work was funded by a grant from Cobb-Vantress Company, AR. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0910-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1326 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1063/1.3587475 PG 7 WC Biology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BZT53 UT WOS:000302909100082 ER PT J AU Gil, HY Lee, EH Choi, IY Roh, MS Chang, CS AF Gil, H. -Y. Lee, E. H. Choi, I. -Y. Roh, M. S. Chang, C. S. TI A genetic study of Pinus parviflora on Ulleung Island of Korea, Compared to P. parviflora of Japan and P. armandii of China SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Pinus parviflora; Pinus armandii; RAPD; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; matK gene; Ulleung Island ID ULLUNG ISLAND; MARKERS; RAPD; POLYMORPHISMS; NUCLEAR AB Pinus parviflora Siebold et Zucc. on Ulleung Island, Korea, has been proposed to be more closely related to P. armandii Franch. because both have long leaves and seeds that are either wingless or have very short wings. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using nine primers and sequence analysis of the trnG gene and the matK gene and morphological characteristics of seeds and cones were used to assess the genetic relatedness of this taxon on Ulleung Island with P armandii in China and P parviflora in Japan. This current study showed that Pin us armandii from China, R parviflora from Japan, and R parviflora populations of Ulleung Island formed distinct groups that were separated from each other. R parviflora from Ulleung Island grouped with R parviflora from Japan, rather than P armandii from China based on the RAPD dendrogram and SNPs in matK. It is believed that R parviflora on Ulleung Island is genetically well differentiated, indicating limited gene flow from Japan, although cones and seeds of P parviflora on Ulleung Island are more similar to var. parviflora in southern Japan than R armandii in central China. It seems that the entities that comprise parviflora exhibit widely overlapping ranges in morphological attributes except Leaf length. C1 [Gil, H. -Y.; Lee, E. H.; Chang, C. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Gil, H. -Y.; Lee, E. H.; Chang, C. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Choi, I. -Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Instrumentat Ctr Environm Management, Genom Lab, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Roh, M. S.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chang, CS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. EM quercus@plaza.snu.ac.kr NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2011 VL 60 IS 6 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 926KI UT WOS:000302829500001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Shinohara, A AF Smith, David R. Shinohara, Akihiko TI Review of the Asian wood-boring genus Euxiphydria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xiphydriidae) SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Woodborers; Palearctic; Oriental; Hyperxiphia AB Five species of Euxiphydria are recognized, E. leucopoda Takeuchi, 1938, from Japan, E. potanini (Jakovlev, 1891) from Japan, Russia, Korea, and China, E. pseudoruficeps Okutani, 1966, from Taiwan, E. vietna-mensis, Sp. n. from Vietnam, and E. shaanxiana, sp. n., from China. Euxiphydria subtrifida Maa, 1944, is considered a new synonym of E. potanini. A key and illustrations are given to distinguish the species. C1 [Smith, David R.] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Shinohara, Akihiko] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Zool, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050005, Japan. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 EI 1314-2607 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2011 VL 23 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.3897/JHR.23.1548 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920FN UT WOS:000302388500001 ER PT B AU Tamez-Guerra, P Behle, RW AF Tamez-Guerra, Patricia Behle, Robert W. BE RosasGarcia, NM TI Biotechnology and Derived Products SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUNGAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; FERMENTATION CHAMBER; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MOSQUITO-CONTROL; TOBACCO BUDWORM AB Microorganisms able to infect and kill insect pests, metabolites from plants and microorganisms, and transgenic crops are biotechnologically-derived products that are being promoted for use to control insect pests in lue of chemical insecticides. Products based on these technologies effectively control important pests of health, food and agriculture systems. Among products classified as bioinsecticides, entomopathogenic microorganisms, organism metabolites and transgenic seeds are considered as biotechnology derived agents for insect pest control. There are many bioinsecticides that are efficacious and currently available as commercial products in the agroindustry market. This review describes background of the general categories of bioinsecticides and lists current bioinsecticide products available for use to control insect pests. C1 [Tamez-Guerra, Patricia] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Dep Microbiol & Inmunol, Fac Ciencias Biol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. [Behle, Robert W.] ARS, Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Tamez-Guerra, P (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Dep Microbiol & Inmunol, Fac Ciencias Biol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. EM patamez@hotmail.com; robert.behle@ars.usda.gov NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU STUDIUM PRESS LLC PI HOUSTON PA PO BOX 722200, HOUSTON, TX 77072 USA BN 978-1-933699-27-1 PY 2011 BP 165 EP 231 PG 67 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BZJ02 UT WOS:000301749000007 ER PT J AU Frihart, CR AF Frihart, Charles R. TI WOOD ADHESIVES: Vital for Producing Most Wood Products SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALLS; PENETRATION C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Frihart, CR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 917WL UT WOS:000302209200001 ER PT J AU Piao, C Monlezun, CJ Wang, JJ Groom, LH AF Piao, Cheng Monlezun, Charles J. Wang, Jim J. Groom, Leslie H. TI Recycling of Pentachlorophenol-Treated Southern Pine Utility Poles. Part I: Preservative Retention and Mechanical Properties SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD PRODUCTS; SERVICE; LIFE AB Reusing decommissioned wood utility poles will extend the service life of the treated wood and offer economic and ecological advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate pentachlorophenol (penta) retention and distribution, together with physical and mechanical properties of penta-treated southern pine (Pinus spp.) utility poles for reuse and recycling. Fifteen penta-treated decommissioned southern pine utility poles and pole sections were collected and studied. As expected, residual penta retention decreased from outside to the pith and from the top to the bottom of the poles. Of the 15 poles tested, penta retention averages at the two outer test zones varied from 3.9 to 5.6 kg/m(3), while the overall penta retention averages of these poles varied from 3.2 to 5.4 kg/m(3). The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) averages of the 15 poles and pole sections were 33.7 and 68.1 percent lower, respectively, than the published MOR and MOE values of virgin loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) wood. MOR and MOE varied in an M shape across the diameters of the poles due to surface aging. The shallow, aged surface layers, particularly of older poles, had low strength and relatively high penta retention, suggesting that surface layers should be removed from the recycled poles. However, most of the remaining pole portions had medium to high strength and were therefore reusable for other products. C1 [Piao, Cheng] Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Calhoun, LA USA. [Monlezun, Charles J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wang, Jim J.] Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Groom, Leslie H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. RP Piao, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Calhoun, LA USA. EM cpiao@agcenter.lsu.edu; cmonlezu@lsu.edu; jjwang@agcenter.lsu.edu; lgroom@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 917WL UT WOS:000302209200006 ER PT J AU Myers, SW Bailey, SM AF Myers, Scott W. Bailey, Sian M. TI Evaluation of a Heat Treatment Schedule for the Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EMERALD ASH BORER; WOOD PACKING MATERIAL; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; BUPRESTIDAE; CHINA; KILN AB The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, is an invasive pest that poses a serious threat to many species of North American hardwoods. An efficacious heat treatment schedule for this insect is crucial to allow wood to move from quarantined areas in the United States. A series of experiments were conducted using naturally infested trees to evaluate the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures Rule No. 15 heat treatment schedule (56 degrees C core temperature for 30 min) on overwintering A. glabripennis larvae. Results indicate that this treatment is effective, as no overwintering larvae were observed to survive. Overwintering larval stage, heating rates, oven load factors, and treatments are reported. C1 [Myers, Scott W.; Bailey, Sian M.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol,Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA USA. RP Myers, SW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol,Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA USA. EM scott.w.myers@aphis.usda.gov; sian.m.bailey@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA-APHIS [T0A01] FX The authors thank Peggy Elder, Ken Gooch, Pete Grima, Audra Horner, Christine Markham, and Alan Sawyer for their contributions to this project. We thank Ron Mack and Xiping Wang for their comments in preparation of this manuscript. This was project #T0A01 funded through the USDA-APHIS Asian longhorned beetle program. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 917WL UT WOS:000302209200007 ER PT J AU Meadows, S Gallagher, T Mitchell, D AF Meadows, Steven Gallagher, Tom Mitchell, Dana TI A New Slash Bundling Concept for Use in a Southern US Logging System SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID PRODUCTIVITY AB John Deere's biomass bundler unit is an effective machine for harvesting forest residues, which can be used as a source of fuelwood and/or a feedstock for biofuel production. This project explored an avenue that could supply a promising source of readily available energy in southeastern forested lands. Typical southern harvesting operations consist of whole-tree harvesting in which trees are felled and then skidded to a landing. Limbs and tops are usually either deposited over the landscape or piled in windrows. The biomass bundler captures the otherwise nonmerchantable material and maximizes the marketability of the entire tree. In order to reduce costs, maximize efficiency, and implement the bundler in a tree-length harvesting operation, this project tested a prototype harvesting system. This venture (1) adapted the John Deere B380 bundler unit to a motorized trailer, (2) designed an optimum landing configuration, and (3) conducted a productivity study of the bundler unit. The unit produced 13.2 tonnes per productive machine hour (PMH; 14.6 tons/PMH) of 250-cm bundles and 14.9 tonnes/PMH (16.4 tons/PMH) of 350-cm bundles, assuming minor delays at a cost of $12.50 to $14.20/tonne ($11.25 to $12.85/ton). C1 [Meadows, Steven] Weyerhaeuser, NC Timberlands, New Bern, NC 28560 USA. [Gallagher, Tom] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mitchell, Dana] USDA Forest Serv, Auburn, AL USA. RP Meadows, S (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser, NC Timberlands, New Bern, NC 28560 USA. EM steven.meadows@weyerhaeuser.com; tgallagher@auburn.edu; danamitchell@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 3 BP 210 EP 215 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 917WN UT WOS:000302209400003 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA Lindner, DL AF Clausen, Carol A. Lindner, Daniel L. TI Shading Aboveground L-Joint and Lap-Joint Tests: Comparison of White Pine and Sugar Maple Test Assemblies SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID UNTREATED WOOD; DECAY AB Five-year performance ratings are presented for two types of untreated, uncoated wood joints (L and lap) in aboveground tests under shaded conditions. The effect of shading on moisture entrapment in pine and maple L and lap joints was evaluated in a moderate decay zone (Madison, Wisconsin). Variations were observed between wood species, visual ratings, joint type, moisture content readings, and fungal growth on the specimens. Representative fungal fruiting bodies were identified as members of the Peniophorella praetermissa species complex by microscopic and DNA analyses. After 5 years, the highest average rating (indicative of most severe deterioration) occurred in white pine L-joint specimens followed by maple lap joints and maple L joints. Pine and maple L-joint specimens demonstrated considerably lower rating variation between specimens compared with lap-joint specimens. White pine lap joints shaded with a tarp had lower average moisture content but showed similar average ratings to pine lap joints shaded by a tree. Regardless of the shading method, white pine lap joints had the lowest average decay rating. Under shaded conditions in a moderate decay zone, untreated and uncoated L-joint performance was notably more uniform from specimen to specimen than lap-joint performance following 5 years of outdoor exposure. A single-point moisture content taken at the time of inspection was not a reliable indicator of the degree or rate of decay for aboveground joint test assemblies evaluated in this study. Likewise, uniform specimen wetting or drying is not predictable under shaded conditions. C1 [Clausen, Carol A.; Lindner, Daniel L.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us; dlindner@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 3 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 917WN UT WOS:000302209400011 ER PT J AU Yan, QG Toghiani, H Yu, F Cal, ZY Zhang, JL AF Yan, Qiangu Toghiani, Hossein Yu, Fei Cal, Zhiyong Zhang, Jilei TI Effects of Pyrolysis Conditions on Yield of Bio-Chars from Pine Chips SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; RAPID PYROLYSIS; PARTICLE-SIZE; RICE HUSK; COAL; BIOMASS; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCT; WOOD; OIL AB The influences of temperature, heating rate, purge gas type, and flow rate on the yield of chars produced from pyrolyzing southern pine chips were investigated. Pyrolysis temperatures were between 450 degrees C and 1,000 degrees C, with heating rates of 0.5 degrees C/min, 1.0 degrees C/min, 1.0 degrees C/min, 30 degrees C/min, 50 degrees C/min, and 100 degrees C/min. Purge gases, nitrogen (N-2), hydrogen (H-2), and N-2-H-2 mixture (10% H-2), were used at flow rates from 100 to 1,000 mL/min. Pine char yield decreased as temperature, heating rate, or purge gas flow rate increased. Two regions with significantly different decrease rates of pine char yield can be identified for temperature or heating rate as they increase. The yield decrease rate turning points were 550 degrees C and 10 degrees C/min for yield-temperature and yield-heating rate charts, respectively. The pine char yield was lowest when hydrogen was the purge gas and highest with nitrogen. C1 [Yan, Qiangu; Yu, Fei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Toghiani, Hossein] Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Cal, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Zhang, Jilei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Yan, QG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM qy8@ra.msstate.edu; hossein@che.msstate.edu; fyu@abe.msstate.edu; zcai@fs.fed.us; jzhang@cfr.msstate.edu OI Yu, Fei/0000-0001-5595-6147 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 5 BP 367 EP 371 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 917WP UT WOS:000302209600005 ER PT J AU Schimleck, L Love-Myers, K Sanders, J Raybon, H Daniels, R Mahon, J Andrews, E Schilling, E AF Schimleck, Laurence Love-Myers, Kim Sanders, Joe Raybon, Heath Daniels, Richard Mahon, Jerry Andrews, Edward Schilling, Erik TI Measuring the Moisture Content of Green Wood Using Time Domain Reflectometry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID WATER-CONTENT; STORAGE; TREES; SOIL; STEM AB The responsible usage of water by facilities that rely on wet log storage in the southern United States has become an issue of great importance as restrictions on water usage have grown in recent years. In order to learn about the dynamics of moisture content in wet-stored logs over time, it is necessary to conduct continuous monitoring of log piles. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a method that current research has shown to have potential for use in this area. In this study, TDR probes of three lengths (75, 100, and 125 mm) were systematically inserted into 39 saturated bolts of Pinus taeda L., and both TDR and moisture content measurements were taken nine times over a period of 16 days as the bolts air dried. The samples were then oven dried, and measurements were taken three more times during that process. TDR readings from the 125-mm probes had the strongest relationship (R-2 = 0.9426) with moisture content measurements. This result indicates TDR readings are sufficiently correlated with moisture content to accurately predict moisture variation over time and can be used to learn how water application and other factors affect the moisture content of wet-stored logs. C1 [Schimleck, Laurence; Daniels, Richard] Univ Georgia, Wood Qual Consortium, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Love-Myers, Kim] Univ Georgia, Ctr Stat Consulting, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mahon, Jerry] Molpus Timberlands Management LLC, Div Forester, Monroe, LA USA. [Andrews, Edward] USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. [Schilling, Erik] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, So Reg Ctr, Newberry, FL USA. RP Schimleck, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Wood Qual Consortium, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lschimleck@wamell.uga.edu; krlove@uga.edu; sanders@warnell.uga.edu; raybonm@warnell.uga.edu; ddaniels@warnell.uga.edu; jmahon@molpus.com; eandrews@fs.fed.us; eschilling@src-ncasi.org NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 6 BP 428 EP 434 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 917WQ UT WOS:000302209700001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI Nematinae (Hymenoptera,Tenthredinidae) of Thailand, with notes on some other southeastern Asian nematines SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sawflies; Symphyta; southeastern Asia ID HYMENOPTERA-TENTHREDINIDAE; SYMPHYTA HYMENOPTERA; WORLD CATALOG; PRISTIPHORA AB Nine species in five genera of Nematinae are recorded for the first time from Thailand: Trichiocampus pruni Takeuchi, Dineura sharkeyi, sp. n., Moricella rueaensis, sp. n., Nematus soidaoi, sp. n., Pristiphora chalybeata Benson, Pristiphora ettera, sp. n., Pristiphora inthanoni, sp. n., Pristiphora annetna, sp. n., and Pristiphora phahompoki, sp. n. A key is given for the genera and species of Thailand. New records and description of the male are given for Pristiphora borneensis Forsius from Sabah, Malaysia, and a new record is given for Pristiphora sinensis Wong from China. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542864] FX The National Science Foundation Grant # DEB-0542864, Thailand Biodiversity Inventory (also known as TIGER, Thailand Inventory Group for Entomological Research) to M. J. Sharkey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, is acknowledged. I thank M. J. Sharkey and S. Clutts, University of Kentucky, for sorting and sending specimens. I thank the curator at the B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, for the loan of specimens. Michele Touchet, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC, assisted with the images. Reviews by the following are appreciated: N. M. Schiff, U. S. Forest Service, Stoneville, MS; D. A. Nickle and T. J. Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD, and Washington, DC, respectively; M. Wei, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; and an anonymous reviewer. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 EI 1314-2607 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2011 VL 22 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.3897/JHR.22.1617 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920FM UT WOS:000302388400001 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Buffington, ML AF Gates, Michael W. Buffington, Matthew. L. TI Description of two techniques to increase efficiency in processing and curating minute arthropods, with special reference to parasitic Hymenoptera SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chalcidoidea; Cynipoidea; crystal polystyrene; vacuum pump; curation; dehydration ID MALAISE TRAPS; PRESERVATION; DNA; EXTRACTION; SPECIMENS; DIVERSITY; INSECTS; WASPS AB We describe and illustrate two techniques for enhancing curatorial and processing efficiency as it pertains to parasitic Hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea, Cynipoidea). These techniques were developed in response not only to the massive number of parasitoids that have been acquired through various biodiversity studies, but also the difficulty in mobilizing the human resources to curate this material. The first technique uses small, crystal polystyrene boxes with tight-fitting lids to store dehydrated specimens prior to mounting. Locality information is affixed to the box and specimens are spread in a layer for ease of examination by researchers. Solutions for managing static electricity within the specimen boxes are discussed. The second involves a vacuum pump connected to a funnel with a filtration membrane and flask apparatus to rapidly dehydrate hard-bodied parasitoids (Figitidae) that are not subject to collapse during air-drying. C1 [Gates, Michael W.; Buffington, Matthew. L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, MRC 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gares@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2011 VL 22 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.3897/JHR.22.2099 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920FM UT WOS:000302388400005 ER PT B AU Mavrodi, DV Mavrodi, OV Parejko, JA Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Mavrodi, Olga V. Parejko, James A. Weller, David M. Thomashow, Linda S. BE Maheshwari, DK TI The Role of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol- and Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid-Producing Pseudomonas spp. in Natural Protection of Wheat from Soilborne Pathogens SO BACTERIA IN AGROBIOLOGY: PLANT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTIFUNGAL GENE-EXPRESSION; AUREOFACIENS STRAIN 30-84; ALL DECLINE SOILS; BLACK ROOT-ROT; FLUORESCENS CHA0; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL AGENT C1 [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.; Mavrodi, Olga V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Parejko, James A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Weller, David M.; Thomashow, Linda S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mavrodi, DV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mavrodi@mail.wsu.edu NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-21060-0 PY 2011 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-21061-7_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-21061-7 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BYL85 UT WOS:000299293400011 ER PT S AU Grennan, AK Ort, DR AF Grennan, Aleel K. Ort, Donald R. BE Jarvis, RP TI Measurement of Chloroplast ATP Synthesis Activity in Arabidopsis SO CHLOROPLAST RESEARCH IN ARABIDOPSIS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS, VOL II SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE ATP synthase; Thylakoid; pH change; Proton motive force; Electrochromic shift ID COUPLING FACTOR ACTIVITY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION; MEMBRANE; HYDROLYSIS; EVENTS; LIGHT AB There are numerous options for monitoring ATP synthesis in chloroplasts using isolated thylakoid membranes, intact chloroplasts, and even whole leaves. Currently, the most commonly used method employs isolated thylakoids coupling the synthesis of ATP to light emission from luciferin in a reaction catalyzed by luciferase. The luciferin-luciferase assay can be highly sensitive and is a direct measure of ATP. Another direct measurement of ATP is the incorporation of P-32 into ATP, which, while more technically difficult, has the advantage over the luciferin-luciferase assay of being able to distinguish newly synthesized from total ATP. The phosphorylation of ADP results in a net decrease in pK(a) (acid disassociation constant) between the reactants and the product ATP, resulting in an increase in the pH of the assay media, which can be used as a convenient, continuous measurement of ATP synthesis. The formation of Delta mu(H+) across the thylakoid membrane and its concomitant dissipation as ATP is synthesized can be measured by an electrochromic absorption band shift (ECS) of thylakoid pigments measured at 518 nm (Witt, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 505:355-427, 1979; Petty and Jackson, Biochim. Biophys. Acta: Bioenergetics 547:463-473, 1979). The first-order decay time of the ESC can be used to estimate the rate of ATP synthesis providing a noninvasive, indirect method for measuring ATP synthase activity that can be used with intact leaves. C1 [Grennan, Aleel K.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ort, Donald R.] ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. RP Grennan, AK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-236-6 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 775 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-237-3_19 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-237-3 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BYV32 UT WOS:000300582600019 PM 21863453 ER PT B AU Nimmakayala, P Islam-Faridi, N Tomason, YR Lutz, F Levi, A Reddy, UK AF Nimmakayala, P. Islam-Faridi, N. Tomason, Y. R. Lutz, F. Levi, A. Reddy, U. K. BE Kole, C TI Citrullus SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES - VEGETABLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; LINKAGE MAP; GENETIC-MAP; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; FUSARIUM-WILT; WATERMELON; MARKERS; LANATUS; RESISTANCE C1 [Reddy, U. K.] W Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Institute, WV 25112 USA. [Reddy, U. K.] W Virginia State Univ, Gus R Douglass Inst, Institute, WV 25112 USA. [Nimmakayala, P.; Tomason, Y. R.] W Virginia State Univ, Douglass Land Grant Inst, Kanawha, WV 25112 USA. [Islam-Faridi, N.] Texas A&M Univ, Forest Tree Mol Cytogenet Lab, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn,US Forest Serv,Dept Ecosyst Sci & Mana, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lutz, F.] W Virginia State Univ, Douglass Land Grant Inst, Institute, WV 25112 USA. [Levi, A.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Reddy, UK (reprint author), W Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Institute, WV 25112 USA. EM padma@wvstateu.edu; nfaridi@tamu.edu; yan@wvstateu.edu; lutz@wvstateu.edu; Amnon.Levi@ARS.USDA.GOV; ureddy@wvstateu.edu NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-20449-4 PY 2011 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-20450-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-20450-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BYU11 UT WOS:000300331100005 ER PT B AU Grandillo, S Chetelat, R Knapp, S Spooner, D Peralta, I Cammareri, M Perez, O Termolino, P Tripodi, P Chiusano, ML Ercolano, MR Frusciante, L Monti, L Pignone, D AF Grandillo, Silvana Chetelat, Roger Knapp, Sandra Spooner, David Peralta, Iris Cammareri, Maria Perez, Olga Termolino, Pasquale Tripodi, Pasquale Chiusano, Maria Luisa Ercolano, Maria Raffaella Frusciante, Luigi Monti, Luigi Pignone, Domenico BE Kole, C TI Solanum sect. Lycopersicon SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES - VEGETABLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NEMATODE-RESISTANCE GENE; BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; MAP-BASED CLONING; F-SP LYCOPERSICI; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CURL-VIRUS-RESISTANCE; CONFERRING SALT TOLERANCE; SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT C1 [Grandillo, Silvana] CNR, Div Portici, Inst Plant Genet, CNR IGV, I-80055 Naples, Italy. [Chetelat, Roger] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, CM Rick Tomato Genet Resource Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Knapp, Sandra] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. [Spooner, David] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Peralta, Iris] Natl Univ Cuyo, Dept Agron, RA-5505 Mendoza, Argentina. [Peralta, Iris] Mendoza CONICET, CCT, IADIZA, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Cammareri, Maria; Termolino, Pasquale; Tripodi, Pasquale] CNR, CNR Inst Plant Genet, Res Div Portici, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. [Perez, Olga] ENEA Cr, Int Doctoral Programme Agrobiodivers Plant Genet, Scuola Super St Anna, Rome, Italy. [Chiusano, Maria Luisa; Ercolano, Maria Raffaella; Frusciante, Luigi; Monti, Luigi] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Soil Plant Environm & Anim Prod Sci, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Pignone, Domenico] CNR, CNR Inst Plant Genet, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Grandillo, S (reprint author), CNR, Div Portici, Inst Plant Genet, CNR IGV, Via Univ 133, I-80055 Naples, Italy. EM grandill@unina.it; trchetelat@ucdavis.edu; s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk; David.Spooner@ARS.USDA.GOV; iperalta@fca.uncu.edu.ar; cammarer@unina.it; olgayperez@gmail.com; termolin@unina.it; ptripodi@unina.it; chiusano@unina.it; ercolano@unina.it; fruscian@unina.it; lmonti@unina.it; domenico.pignone@igv.cnr.it OI Tripodi, Pasquale/0000-0001-5429-3847 NR 581 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-20449-4 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 215 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-20450-0_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-20450-0 PG 87 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BYU11 UT WOS:000300331100009 ER PT S AU Droby, S Wisniewski, M Benkeblia, N AF Droby, S. Wisniewski, M. Benkeblia, N. BE Yahia, EM TI Postharvest pathology of tropical and subtropical fruit and strategies for decay control SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS, VOL 1: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE quiescent infection; anthracnose; biological control; integrated control; fruit defense mechanisms; fungal attack mechanisms; induced defense mechanisms; nectrotrophic pathogens; hemibiotriphic pathogens ID COLLETOTRICHUM-MUSAE BERK; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; UV-INDUCED RESISTANCE; GREEN MOLD DECAY; CITRUS-FRUIT; HOT-WATER; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; BANANA FRUITS AB This chapter discusses the major causes of postharvest losses in tropical and subtropical fruits due to fungal pathogens. First, the etiology, biology and environmental and horticultural factors that are involved in infection and development of decay are reviewed. Here, understanding the relationship between production conditions and the postharvest handling chain is crucial for improving fruit quality. Details on the host-pathogen interactions of major pathogens of tropical and subtropical fruits and their modes of infection are provided. Special emphasis is given to Colletotrichum as it has a very wide host range and causes extensive postharvest losses in many fruits. Information about natural (constitutive and induced) fruit defense mechanisms in major tropical and subtropical fruit is also discussed. The chapter addresses current control strategies based mainly on the use of synthetic fungicides but also includes information on safer alternatives. C1 [Droby, S.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Wisniewski, M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Benkeblia, N.] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Droby, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM samird@volcani.agri.gov.il; michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov; noureddine.benkeblia@uwimona.edu.jm NR 142 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-362-2; 978-1-84569-733-4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 206 BP 194 EP 223 PG 30 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BYX13 UT WOS:000300672300008 ER PT S AU Yahia, EM Jones, RW Thomas, DB AF Yahia, E. M. Jones, R. W. Thomas, D. B. BE Yahia, EM TI Quarantine pests of tropical and subtropical fruits and their control SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS, VOL 1: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE pests; postharvest fruits; quarantine; irradiation; controlled atmospheres; temperature ID HOT-WATER IMMERSION; TOXOTRYPANA-CURVICAUDA DIPTERA; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE TREATMENTS; TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; STENOMA-CATENIFER LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PLATYNOTA-STULTANA PUPAE; KENSINGTON MANGO FRUIT; FORCED-AIR TREATMENTS; LOW-DOSE IRRADIATION AB International trade in tropical and subtropical fruits has become increasingly important, but phytosanitary restrictions continue to limit its growth. Phytosanitary or quarantine treatments are often required to disinfest host commodities of economically important arthropod pests before they are moved through market channels within or between countries to areas where the pest does not occur. This chapter describes some of the important quarantined pests, as well as some of the treatments that can be used for their control and the effects of the commercially developed or potential insect quarantine treatments and systems on the quality of tropical and subtropical fruits, thus allowing the evaluation of the potential of the commercial application of these treatments or systems on the basis of their effect on fruit quality. C1 [Yahia, E. M.; Jones, R. W.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico. [Thomas, D. B.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yahia, EM (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Ave Ciencias S-N, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico. EM yahia@uaq.mx; rjones@uaq.mx; donald.thomas@ars.usda.gov NR 229 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-362-2 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 206 BP 224 EP 287 PG 64 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BYX13 UT WOS:000300672300009 ER PT S AU Sharma, M Luo, Y Buchanan, R AF Sharma, M. Luo, Y. Buchanan, R. BE Yahia, EM TI Microbial safety of tropical and subtropical fruits SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS, VOL 1: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE tropical fruit; subtropical fruits; outbreaks; interventions; E. coli O157:H7; Salmonella; norovirus; hepatitis A; incidence; route of contamination; prevention ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FRESH-CUT CANTALOUPE; WATER SURFACE PASTEURIZATION; UNPASTEURIZED ORANGE JUICE; HOT-WATER; UNITED-STATES; TYPHOID-FEVER; HIGH-PRESSURE; PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AB This chapter describes past outbreaks, potential routes of contamination for specific pathogens, potential interventions, and operational procedures associated with tropical and subtropical fruits. Various preharvest sources can result in contamination of fruits. Survival and growth of pathogens on whole and fresh-cut fruits are variable depending on the biotic and abiotic factors such as indigenous microorganisms, storage temperature and humidity, etc. The effectiveness of chemical, physical, and biological treatments designed to eliminate pathogens on these fruits can be limited by the surface topography, hydrophobicity, organic material present on fruits, and other confounding factors. Integrated food safety management programs, and pathogen prevention and decontamination approaches in the supply chain must be utilized to make tropical and subtropical fruits safe for consumption. C1 [Sharma, M.; Luo, Y.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Buchanan, R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Food Safety & Secur Syst, College Pk, MD 20708 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov; rbuchana@umd.edu NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-362-2 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 206 BP 288 EP 314 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BYX13 UT WOS:000300672300010 ER PT S AU Wall, MM Sivakumar, D Korsten, L AF Wall, M. M. Sivakumar, D. Korsten, L. BE Yahia, EM TI Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS, VOL 4: MANGOSTEEN TO WHITE SAPOTE SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sapindaceae; rambutan; postharvest quality; spintern; shelf life ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; DECAY CONTROL; BIOCONTROL; STORAGE; LITCHI; FRUIT; CINNAMALDEHYDE; PATHOGENS; QUALITY AB Rambutans (Nephelium lappaceum) are exotic tropical fruit with a relatively short shelf life. Fresh rambutans are bright red or yellow at harvest, but the peel color and spinterns darken during storage. Postharvest diseases also limit the successful marketing and export of this specialty fruit. Pericarp browning can be delayed when the fruit are held at 8-12 degrees C and 95% relative humidity, depending on cultivar. The use of modified atmosphere packaging or enhanced CO2 atmospheres (9-12%) can also maintain the visual quality of rambutans. Integrated preharvest and postharvest practices that achieve disease control while reducing desiccation and browning are needed to extend rambutan shelf life beyond two weeks. C1 [Wall, M. M.] ARS, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Sivakumar, D.] Tshwane Univ Technol, Dept Crop Sci, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Korsten, L.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM marisa.wall@ars.usda.gov; SivakumarD@tut.ac.za; lise.korsten@up.ac.za NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-261-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 209 BP 312 EP 333 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BYX19 UT WOS:000300674100016 ER PT J AU Weaver, PL AF Weaver, Peter L. TI Early recovery of subtropical dry forest in south-western Puerto Rico SO BOIS ET FORETS DES TROPIQUES LA English DT Article DE endemic species; species composition; forest recovery; forest structure; subtropical dry forest; Puerto Rico ID SUCCESSION; CARTAGENA; TREES AB EARLY RECOVERY OF SUBTROPICAL DRY FOREST IN SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO RICO Tree cover and species composition were surveyed in 1998, 2003, and 2010 after the elimination of grazing and fire on the lower 32 hectares of the Tinaja tract at Laguna Cartagena National Wildlife Refuge in south-western Puerto Rico. Surveys of the secondary subtropical dry forest showed that stems increased 3.9 times, trees 6.7 times, basal area 3.3 times, and biomass 4.4 times between 1998 and 2010. Notable differences occurred by site. Greater numbers of stems and trees, greater basal areas, and usually biomass were tallied on 10 plots along the southern boundary closer to residual tree cover than on the northern 22 plots in all three years of measurement. Four plots situated in arroyos and one plot along a fence-line also showed greater values when compared to the respective mean values for all 32 plots on lower Tinaja. Other major trends between 1998 and 2010 were: exotics increased from 70 to 84% of the stems and from 70 to 86% of the trees; the ratio of stems to trees declined from 2.3 to 1.3; Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) DeWit increased from 7 to 53% of the stems and from 14 to 64% of the trees; Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley decreased from 10 to 2% of the stems and from 7 to 1% of the trees, largely due to attack by the cactus mealybug, Hypogeococcus pungens; and tree species richness increased from 30 to 34. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR PI MONTPELLIER PA B P 5035, MONTPELLIER, 00000, FRANCE SN 0006-579X J9 BOIS FOR TROP JI Bois For. Trop. PY 2011 IS 310 BP 11 EP 23 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 907FM UT WOS:000301403200002 ER PT S AU Crisosto, H Ferguson, L Bremer, V Stover, E Colelli, G AF Crisosto, H. Ferguson, L. Bremer, V. Stover, E. Colelli, G. BE Yahia, EM TI Fig (Ficus carica L.) SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS, VOL 3: COCONA TO MANGO SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ficus carica; fig; maturity stage; postharvest technology; antioxidants; shelf life; diseases ID FRUIT; GROWTH; CULTIVARS; MATURITY; QUALITY AB The fig (Ficus carica L.), one of the first cultivated trees in the world, is grown in many parts of the world with moderate climates. Figs are eaten dry and fresh; however, as fresh figs are highly perishable they are largely consumed near production areas. Figs are nutritious fruits rich in fiber, potassium, calcium, and iron. Fresh figs are highly sensitive to physical damage, and susceptible to postharvest decay infections. Preharvest and postharvest conditions are very important to improve fruit quality and postharvest life. At this point, reducing postharvest losses and developing global fresh fig marketing is a big challenge for plant breeders, physiologists and postharvest technologists. C1 [Crisosto, H.; Ferguson, L.; Bremer, V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stover, E.] USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Colelli, G.] Univ Foggia, Dept Prod & Innovat Mediterranean Agr & Food Syst, Foggia, Italy. RP Crisosto, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM chcrisosto@ucdavis.edu; ed.stover@ars.usda.gov; g.colelli@unifg.it OI COLELLI, GIANCARLO/0000-0001-8619-3541 NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-288-5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 208 BP 134 EP 158 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BYX17 UT WOS:000300673600008 ER PT S AU Hoffman, FM Larson, JW Mills, RT Brooks, BGJ Ganguly, AR Hargrove, WW Huang, J Kumar, J Vatsavai, RR AF Hoffman, Forrest M. Larson, J. Walter Richard Tran Mills Brooks, Bjorn-Gustaf J. Ganguly, Auroop R. Hargrove, William W. Huang, Jian Kumar, Jitendra Vatsavai, Ranga R. BE Sato, M Matsuoka, S Sloot, PMA VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J TI Data Mining in Earth System Science (DMESS 2011) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE (ICCS) SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) on the Ascent of Computational Excellence CY 2011 CL Campus Nanyang Technolog Univ, Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Elsevier, Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci HO Campus Nanyang Technolog Univ DE Data mining; remote sensing; high performance computing; segmentation; change detection; synthesis; visualization ID CLIMATE; VISUALIZATION; MODELS; CHALLENGES; NETWORK AB From field-scale measurements to global climate simulations and remote sensing, the growing body of very large and long time series Earth science data are increasingly difficult to analyze, visualize, and interpret. Data mining, information theoretic, and machine learning techniques-such as cluster analysis, singular value decomposition, block entropy, Fourier and wavelet analysis, phase-space reconstruction, and artificial neural networks-are being applied to problems of segmentation, feature extraction, change detection, model-data comparison, and model validation. The size and complexity of Earth science data exceed the limits of most analysis tools and the capacities of desktop computers. New scalable analysis and visualization tools, running on parallel cluster computers and supercomputers, are required to analyze data of this magnitude. This workshop will demonstrate how data mining techniques are applied in the Earth sciences and describe innovative computer science methods that support analysis and discovery in the Earth sciences. C1 [Hoffman, Forrest M.; Richard Tran Mills; Kumar, Jitendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hoffman, Forrest M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Sci Syst, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Larson, J. Walter] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Larson, J. Walter] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Computat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Larson, J. Walter] Australian Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Richard Tran Mills; Huang, Jian] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Brooks, Bjorn-Gustaf J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ganguly, Auroop R.; Vatsavai, Ranga R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hargrove, William W.] USDA Forest Serv, EFETAC, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Hoffman, FM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM forrest@climatemodeling.org; larson@mcs.anl.gov; rmills@ornl.gov; bjorn@climatemodeling.org; gangulyar@ornl.gov; hnw@geobabble.org; huangj@eecs.utk.edu; jklunar@climatemodeling.org; vatsavairr@ornl.gov RI Kumar, Jitendra/G-8601-2013; Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Kumar, Jitendra/0000-0002-0159-0546; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2011 VL 4 BP 1450 EP 1455 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2011.04.157 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYK46 UT WOS:000299165200156 ER PT S AU Kumar, J Mills, RT Hoffman, FM Hargrove, WW AF Kumar, Jitendra Mills, Richard T. Hoffman, Forrest M. Hargrove, William W. BE Sato, M Matsuoka, S Sloot, PMA VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J TI Parallel k-Means Clustering for Quantitative Ecoregion Delineation Using Large Data Sets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE (ICCS) SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) on the Ascent of Computational Excellence CY 2011 CL Campus Nanyang Technolog Univ, Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Elsevier, Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci HO Campus Nanyang Technolog Univ DE ecoregionalization; k-means clustering; data mining; high performance computing AB Identification of geographic ecoregjons has long been of interest to environmental scientists and ecologists for identifying regions of similar ecological and environmental conditions. Such classifications are important for predicting suitable species ranges, for stratification of ecological samples, and to help prioritize habitat preservation and remediation efforts. Hargrove and Hoffman [1, 2] have developed geographical spatio-temporal clustering algorithms and codes and have successfully applied them to a variety of environmental science domains, including ecological regionalization; environmental monitoring network design; analysis of satellite-, airborne-, and ground-based remote sensing, and climate model-model and model-measurement intercomparison. With the advances in state-of-the-art satellite remote sensing and climate models, observations and model outputs are available at increasingly high spatial and temporal resolutions. Long time series of these high resolution datasets are extremely large in size and growing. Analysis and knowledge extraction from these large datasets are not just algorithmic and ecological problems, but also pose a complex computational problem. This paper focuses on the development of a massively parallel multivariate geographical spatio-temporal clustering code for analysis of very large datasets using tens of thousands processors on one of the fastest supercomputers in the world. C1 [Kumar, Jitendra; Mills, Richard T.; Hoffman, Forrest M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Com Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hargrove, William W.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Com Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM jkumar@climatemodeling.org; rmills@climate.ornl.gov; forrest@climatemodeling.org; hnw@geobabble.org RI Kumar, Jitendra/G-8601-2013; Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Kumar, Jitendra/0000-0002-0159-0546; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Forest Service; Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center; National Center for Computational Science at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was partially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Science at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2011 VL 4 BP 1602 EP 1611 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2011.04.173 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYK46 UT WOS:000299165200172 ER PT S AU Mills, RT Hoffman, FM Kumar, J Hargrove, WW AF Richard Tran Mills Hoffman, Forrest M. Kumar, Jitendra Hargrove, William W. BE Sato, M Matsuoka, S Sloot, PMA VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J TI Cluster Analysis-Based Approaches for Geospatiotemporal Data Mining of Massive Data Sets for Identification of Forest Threats SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE (ICCS) SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) on the Ascent of Computational Excellence CY 2011 CL Campus Nanyang Technolog Univ, Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Elsevier, Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci HO Campus Nanyang Technolog Univ DE phenology; MODIS; NDVI; remote sensing; k-means clustering; data mining; anomaly detection; high performance computing AB We investigate methods for geospatiotemporal data mining of multi-year land surface phenology data (250 m(2) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) in this study) for the conterminous United States (CONUS) as part of an early warning system for detecting threats to forest ecosystems. The approaches explored here are based on k-means cluster analysis of this massive data set, which provides a basis for defining the bounds of the expected or "normal" phenological patterns that indicate healthy vegetation at a given geographic location. We briefly describe the computational approaches we have used to make cluster analysis of such massive data sets feasible, describe approaches we have explored for distinguishing between normal and abnormal phenology, and present some examples in which we have applied these approaches to identify various forest disturbances in the CONUS. C1 [Richard Tran Mills; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Kumar, Jitendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Com Res Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hargrove, William W.] USDA Forest serv, So Res Str, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Mills, RT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Com Res Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM rmills@ornl.gov; forrest@climatemodeling.org; jkumar@climatemodeling.org; hnw@geobabble.org RI Kumar, Jitendra/G-8601-2013; Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Kumar, Jitendra/0000-0002-0159-0546; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center; National Center for Computational Science at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors wish to thank Joseph P. Spruce at the NASA Stennis Space Center for providing quality controlled NDVI maps generated from the MODIS MOD 13 product. We thank Shivakar S. Vulli for his work on developing and testing the Bradley method sampling code during an internship at ORNL. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Science at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2011 VL 4 BP 1612 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2011.04.174 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYK46 UT WOS:000299165200173 ER PT S AU Musgrove, MT AF Musgrove, M. T. BE VanImmerseel, F Nys, Y Bain, M TI Microbiology and safety of table eggs SO IMPROVING THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF EGGS AND EGG PRODUCTS, VOL 2: EGG SAFETY AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE table eggs; table egg microbiology; table egg sanitation; table egg processing; table egg safety ID ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-4; PLANT SANITATION PROGRAMS; SHELL CRUSH METHODS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; HENS EGG; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; CONTACT SURFACES; UNWASHED EGGS; UNITED-STATES AB This chapter describes the microbiology of table eggs, effects of processing, regulatory influences, relative risk of egg-borne disease, and the role of retail and consumer practices in outbreaks. Effects of washing, refrigeration, and facility sanitation in US commercial facilities will be described and their contribution to shelf-life and food safety will be discussed. Current regulations, recent changes, and the influence of Safe and Quality Foods (SQF), a voluntary program required by some retailers, are described. A general discussion of table egg microbiology, pathogens, and emerging pathogens is followed by a description of sampling methods. Finally, the relative risk of egg-borne illness in the US and the contribution by retail and consumer practices will be discussed. C1 Agr Res Serv, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mike.musgrove@ars.usda.gov NR 130 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-392-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 214 BP 3 EP 33 PG 31 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BYO48 UT WOS:000299504000002 ER PT S AU Gast, RK AF Gast, R. K. BE VanImmerseel, F Nys, Y Bain, M TI Pre-harvest measures to control Salmonella in laying hens SO IMPROVING THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF EGGS AND EGG PRODUCTS, VOL 2: EGG SAFETY AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE vaccination; genetic selection; gastrointestinal colonization control ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION TREATMENT; EXPERIMENTAL CHLORATE PRODUCT; BACTERIA PROBIOTIC CULTURE; OIL-EMULSION BACTERIN; NEWLY-HATCHED CHICKS; EGG-YOLK ANTIBODIES; BROILER-CHICKENS; IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; GENE-EXPRESSION AB One of the principal recurring themes in the search for effective responses to the continuing public health and economic problems caused by Salmonella contamination of eggs concerns reducing the susceptibility of egg-laying chickens to infection. Decreasing the overall prevalence or level of Salmonella infection among commercial laying flocks has the potential to exert a corresponding influence on the likelihood that contaminated eggs will be produced and marketed. This chapter considers both the capabilities and limitations of three leading options for reducing the susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella: vaccination to induce immunity, genetic selection for naturally occurring resistance to infection, and gastrointestinal colonization control. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Richard.Gast@ars.usda.gov NR 166 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-392-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 214 BP 120 EP 145 PG 26 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BYO48 UT WOS:000299504000008 ER PT J AU Cuezzo, C Nickle, DA AF Cuezzo, Carolina Nickle, David A. TI A new genus and species of termites (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) from the rainforest of northern Peru SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Taxonomy; Subulitermes-group; enteric valve configuration; gut coiling; Peruvian rainforest ID COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AB A new genus and species of nasutitermitine termites are described and illustrated, based on soldier and worker characters. Sinqasapatermes gen. n., can be distinguished from all other nasutitermitine genera by its singular worker gut coiling and enteric valve characters: distal margin of the enteric valve not everted into the paunch but bending towards the ileum, that is, directed against the flow of food; enteric valve armature with one ring of six equal subtriangularly-shaped ridges, each ridge with short spines on the entire surface; enteric valve armature situated on external face of cone, facing the internal ileum wall; enteric valve seating tri-lobed and separated from remaining portion of the paunch; paunch subdivided. Sinqasapatermes sachae sp. n., was collected on a tree in a very narrow flattened tunnel that was well concealed beneath lichens in a northern Peru rainforest (Arcadia, Loreto Province). C1 [Cuezzo, Carolina] UNT, CONICET Inst Super Entomol Dr A Willink, Fac Ciencias Nat, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Cuezzo, Carolina] UNT, Inst Miguel Lillo, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Nickle, David A.] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cuezzo, C (reprint author), UNT, CONICET Inst Super Entomol Dr A Willink, Fac Ciencias Nat, Miguel Lillo 205,T4000JFE, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. EM carolinacuezzo@csnat.unt.edu.ar RI Cuezzo, Carolina/E-1531-2012 OI Cuezzo, Carolina/0000-0002-7716-6100 FU Earthwatch Institute [87-008, 89-163, 90-010, 92-032]; Department of Entomology, U.S. Museum of Natural History; PIP CONICET [6502]; Linnean Society through an SRF; CONICET FX This work was supported by Project grants Nos. 87-008, 89-163, 90-010, 92-032 from the Earthwatch Institute to DAN to conduct field research on termites in Peru. Additional support was provided by grants from the Department of Entomology, U.S. Museum of Natural History to DAN and J. E. Lewis to participate in the Amazon Expeditions Project, which helped further continuous work on Peruvian termites. DAN thanks the government of Peru for hosting scientists from USNM and SEL, USDA to study in Loreto Province, Peru. CC received support from PIP CONICET No. 6502, The Linnean Society through an SRF Award and a doctoral scholarship from CONICET. Thanks are extended to SEL, USDA, for providing space and equipment during a one-month visit in 2008. We are indebted to Eliana M. Cancello, MZUSP, who provided valuable advice regarding the taxa herein described, Lelia I. Albarracin de Alderetes, ADILQ (Asociacion de Investigadores en Lengua Quechua) for confirming the meaning of words in the Quechua language, and J. E. Lewis, SEL, USDA, for helping with field work. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 159 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.3897/zookeys.159.2311 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 903YH UT WOS:000301158700001 PM 22303111 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Konstantinova, AA AF Konstantinov, A. S. Konstantinova, A. A. TI New genus and species of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from Puerto Rico, with comments on flea beetle diversity in the West Indies and a key to the West Indian Monoplatini genera SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Leaf beetles; species diversity; moss; West Indies; Puerto Rico AB A new genus (Borinken) and five new species (Borinken elyunque, Distigmoptera chamorrae, Kiskeya elyunque, Ulrica eltoro, and U. iviei) from Puerto Rico are described and illustrated. A key to all West Indian Monoplatini genera is provided, as are keys to all species of Kiskeya and to the species of Ulrica from Puerto Rico. A list of the flea beetle genera, along with the number of species and some of the faunal features is presented and discussed for the West Indies. C1 [Konstantinov, A. S.] ARS, ASK Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Konstantinova, A. A.] AAK Franklin W Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), ARS, ASK Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 155 BP 61 EP 87 DI 10.3897/zookeys.155.2124 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 903YF UT WOS:000301158500003 PM 22291512 ER PT J AU Griswold, T Gonzalez, VH AF Griswold, Terry Gonzalez, Victor H. TI New species of the Eastern Hemisphere genera Afroheriades and Noteriades (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), with keys to species of the former SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Anthophila; Apoidea; Megachilinae; taxonomy ID BEES; PHYLOGENY AB New species of the rarely encountered megachilid genera Afroheriades Peters from South Africa, A. hyalinus sp. n., and Noteriades Cockerell from Myanmar and Thailand, N. jenniferae sp. n. and N spinosus sp. n., are described and illustrated. The species are described to make their names available for forthcoming publications on phylogenetic studies of the family Megachilidae. Taxonomic notes and a comparative diagnosis for each genus are presented. Afroheriades hennigi (Peters) and A. reicherti (Brauns) are new junior synonyms of A. dolichocephalus (Friese). A key to the known species of Afroheriades is provided. C1 [Griswold, Terry; Gonzalez, Victor H.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Div Entomol, 1501 Crestline Dr,Suite 140, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com RI Gonzalez, Victor/B-4072-2015 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0742998] FX We are greatly indebted to each of the curators, collection managers and staff from the collections that we visited or from which we borrowed specimens (indicated in Material and Methods); Molly Rightmyer, Jason Gibbs, Christophe Praz, Michael S. Engel, and an anonymous reviewer for comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0742998. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 159 BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.3897/zookeys.159.2283 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 903YH UT WOS:000301158700005 PM 22303115 ER PT S AU Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Cosh, M Zhao, TJ AF Jackson, Thomas J. Bindlish, Rajat Cosh, Michael Zhao, Tianjie GP IEEE TI SMOS SOIL MOISTURE VALIDATION WITH US IN SITU NETWORKS SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE soil moisture; passive microwave; SMOS; AMSR-E ID RETRIEVAL AB Soil moisture products provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite were evaluated using in situ observations. The sites are located in different regions of the U.S. and provide replicate sampling of surface soil moisture at the SMOS footprint scale. Data from a sparse network were also considered. Soil moisture products from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer were also used for validation. Results based upon a preliminary version of the retrieval algorithm indicate promising performance. It is anticipated that the accuracy and reliability of the retrievals will improve as validation information is evaluated. C1 [Jackson, Thomas J.; Bindlish, Rajat; Cosh, Michael; Zhao, Tianjie] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. EM tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 21 EP 23 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6048887 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496300006 ER PT S AU Zhao, TJ Zhang, LX Bindlish, R Shi, JC Jiang, LM Li, YQ Zhao, SJ Zhang, T Li, XX AF Zhao, Tianjie Zhang, Lixin Bindlish, Rajat Shi, Jiancheng Jiang, Lingmei Li, Yunqing Zhao, Shaojie Zhang, Tao Li, Xinxin GP IEEE TI ESTIMATING VEGETATION WATER CONTENT DURING A GROWING SEASON OF COTTON SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE vegetation water content; microwave vegetation indices; radiometer; cotton ID POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX; SOIL-MOISTURE; MICROWAVE; RADIOMETER AB Vegetation water content (VWC) is a useful parameter in agriculture, forestry and hydrology studies. It is particularly valuable in accounting for vegetation effects in retrieving soil moisture using microwave radiometers. Microwave vegetation indices (MVIs) reflect information of the whole vegetation canopy. They may provide a mean for estimating VWC. In this study, a methodology for retrieving VWC using MVIs is presented. Coefficients of the relationship were found to be dependent only on a vegetation structure parameter. The methodology was tested with brightness temperature observations at C and X bands collected over a growing season of cotton. It was found that results compared well with field observations of VWC measured during the early growing season. The methodology should be useful for vegetation monitoring and soil moisture retrieval over low vegetated areas. C1 [Zhao, Tianjie; Zhang, Lixin; Shi, Jiancheng; Jiang, Lingmei; Li, Yunqing; Zhao, Shaojie; Zhang, Tao; Li, Xinxin] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Tianjie; Zhang, Lixin; Jiang, Lingmei; Li, Yunqing; Zhao, Shaojie; Zhang, Tao; Li, Xinxin] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Tianjie; Bindlish, Rajat] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shi, Jiancheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Appl, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Shi, Jiancheng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Zhao, TJ (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM Tianjie.Zhao@ars.usda.gov FU Chinese State Key Basic Research Project [2007CB714403]; European Commission CEOP-AEGIS project [FP7-ENV-2007-1, 212921]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030534] FX This study was jointly supported by Chinese State Key Basic Research Project (2007CB714403), European Commission (FP7-ENV-2007-1, No. 212921) CEOP-AEGIS project, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41030534). The authors would like to thank L. Chai, Y. Zhang, Z. Hao, L. Xiao, J. Pan, P. Wang, F. Wu, L. Zhang and H. Qi for their contributions to the field experiments. We also thank Dr. Thomas Jackson for reviewing the whole manuscript and giving valuable comments and corrections. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496300191 ER PT S AU Kurum, M O'Neill, PE Lang, RH Joseph, AT Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ AF Kurum, Mehmet O'Neill, Peggy E. Lang, Roger H. Joseph, Alicia T. Cosh, Michael H. Jackson, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI EFFECTIVE TREE SCATTERING AT L-BAND SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Microwave; radiometer; forest; scattering; radiative transfer ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; MODEL; FORESTS; FIELDS AB This paper investigates tree scattering effects at L-band by using a first-order radiative transfer (RT) model and truck-based measurements of brightness temperature over natural conifer stands to assess the performance of the tau - omega (tau-omega) model, a zero-order RT solution, over forest canopies. The tau-omega model accounts for vegetation effects in terms of "effective" vegetation parameters (single-scattering albedo and vegetation opacity) which represent the canopy as a whole. This approach inherently ignores multiple-scattering effects and it thus has a limited validity depending on the level of scattering within the canopy. The fact that the scattering from large forest components such as branches and trunks is significant at L-band requires that retrieved vegetation parameters be evaluated (compared) with their theoretical definitions to provide better understanding of these parameters in the soil moisture (SM) retrievals over moderately to densely vegetated landscapes. In this paper, the tau-omega model is fitted to a first-order RT model with an "effective" albedo assuming that "effective" vegetation optical depth is same as the "theoretical" opacity [1]. The "effective" albedo is found to be less than half of the "theoretical" one, which is generally around 0.5-0.6 for tree canopies at L-band. The "effective" albedo differs from the albedo of a single forest canopy element and becomes a global parameter which depends on all the processes taking place within the canopy including multiple-scattering and ground reflection. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Mehmet.Kurum@nasa.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 1036 EP 1039 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049311 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496301027 ER PT S AU Hensley, S Michel, T Van Zyl, J Muellerschoen, R Chapman, B Oveisgharan, S Haddad, ZS Jackson, T Mladenova, I AF Hensley, Scott Michel, Thierry Van Zyl, Jakob Muellerschoen, Ron Chapman, Bruce Oveisgharan, Shadi Haddad, Ziad S. Jackson, Tom Mladenova, Iliana GP IEEE TI EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON POLARIMETRIC-INTERFEROMETRIC REPEAT PASS OBSERVATIONS BY UAVSAR DURING 2010 CANADIAN SOIL MOISTURE CAMPAIGN SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) AB Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), a proposed mission in support of the Earth Science Decadal Survey, conducted a field campaign in June 2010 to support algorithm development. As part of the experiment in situ soil moisture measurements were made over a two week period in which multiple UAVSAR flights were conducted. Repeat-pass polarimetric-interferometric data generated from these flights were analyzed to see if phase changes could be correlated with soil moisture changes. Also, we compared the data to that predicted by simple surface scattering models and showed moderate agreement with the Oh model [4]. C1 [Hensley, Scott; Michel, Thierry; Van Zyl, Jakob; Muellerschoen, Ron; Chapman, Bruce; Oveisgharan, Shadi; Haddad, Ziad S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jackson, Tom; Mladenova, Iliana] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hensley, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 1063 EP 1066 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049379 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496301034 ER PT S AU Brown, ME Moran, S Escobar, V Entekhabi, D O'Neill, P Njoku, E AF Brown, Molly E. Moran, Susan Escobar, Vanessa Entekhabi, Dara O'Neill, Peggy Njoku, Eni GP IEEE TI The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Applications Activity SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Soil moisture; freeze/thaw; applications; weather AB The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission is one of the first-tier satellite missions recommended by the U. S. National Research Council Committee on Earth Science and Applications from Space. The SMAP mission 1 is under development by NASA and is scheduled for launch late in 2014. The SMAP measurements will allow global and high-resolution mapping of soil moisture and its freeze/thaw state at resolutions from 3-40 km. These measurements will have high value for a wide range of environmental applications that underpin many weather-related decisions including drought and flood guidance, agricultural productivity estimation, weather forecasting, climate predictions, and human health risk. In 2007, NASA was tasked by The National Academies to ensure that "emerging scientific knowledge is actively applied to obtain societal benefits" by broadening community participation and improving means for use of information. SMAP is one of the first missions to come out of this new charge, and its Applications Plan forms the basis for ensuring its commitment to its users. The purpose of this paper is to outline the methods and approaches of the SMAP applications activity, which is designed to increase and sustain the interaction between users and scientists involved in mission development. C1 [Brown, Molly E.; O'Neill, Peggy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moran, Susan] USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Escobar, Vanessa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Njoku, Eni] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM molly.brown@nasa.gov; susan.moran@ars.usda.gov; vanessa.escobar@sigmaspace.com; darae@mit.edu; peggy.oneill@nasa.gov; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov RI Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013 OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 2306 EP 2309 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049670 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496302081 ER PT S AU Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ Zhao, TJ Cosh, M Chan, S O'Neill, P Njoku, E Colliander, A Kerr, Y Shi, JC AF Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. Zhao, Tianjie Cosh, Michael Chan, Steven O'Neill, Peggy Njoku, Eni Colliander, Andreas Kerr, Yann Shi, J. C. GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF SMAP LEVEL 2 SOIL MOISTURE ALGORITHMS USING SMOS DATA SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Passive microwave; soil moisture; SMAP; SMOS ID RETRIEVAL; MISSION AB SMOS observations provide an opportunity to develop a testbed for the evaluation of different SMAP algorithm options. The use of real-world global observations will help in the development and selection of different land surface parameters and ancillary observations needed for the soil moisture algorithms. In this study, SMOS observations were used with one soil moisture retrieval algorithm and the results were evaluated using in situ soil moisture measurements. The SMOS soil moisture product, which exploits multiple incidence angle observations, compares well with the ground-based observations (RMSE 0.043 m(3)/m(3) (ascending) and 0.047 m(3)/m(3) (descending)). The alternative SMAP compatible algorithm also performed well (RMSE 0.040 m(3)/m(3) (ascending) and 0.043 m(3)/m(3) (descending)). Although preliminary, these initial results are encouraging for the potential of SMAP to meet its required soil moisture accuracy. C1 [Bindlish, Rajat; Jackson, Thomas J.; Zhao, Tianjie; Cosh, Michael] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg,007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chan, Steven; Njoku, Eni; Colliander, Andreas] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [O'Neill, Peggy] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kerr, Yann] CESBIO, Toulouse, France. [Shi, J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Bindlish, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg,007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rajat.bindlish@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 2444 EP 2447 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049705 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496302116 ER PT S AU Yang, ZW Di, LP Yu, G Chen, ZQ AF Yang, Zhengwei Di, Liping Yu, Genong (Eugene) Chen, Zeqiang GP IEEE TI Vegetation Condition Indices for Crop Vegetation Condition Monitoring SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE crop condition Monitoring; vegetation condition index; NDVI; MODIS ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODIS DATA AB NDVI maps have been proven valuable in providing a spatially complete view of crop's vegetation condition, which manifests disastrous events such as massive flood and drought. It is virtually impossible to obtain from ground survey data. This paper uses NASA MODIS 250m resolution, daily surface reflectance data for crop condition monitoring. The NDVI provides an absolute metrics for vegetation condition. However, a relative measurement of the current vegetation condition against a reference vegetation condition is critical for understanding, interpreting and quantifying the current vegetation condition. In this paper, a new NDVI based vegetation condition index is presented to measure the vegetation condition with respect to the "normal condition", which is characterized by historical average. The proposed new vegetation condition index is empirically compared with several other vegetation indices to evaluate its effectiveness. Its advantages and utility for crop vegetation condition measurement are evidenced by the preliminary results. C1 [Yang, Zhengwei] Natl Agr Stat Serv, Spatial Anal Res Sect, USDA, 3251 Old Lee Highway,Room 305, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Di, Liping; Yu, Genong (Eugene); Chen, Zeqiang] George Mason Univ, CSISS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Yang, ZW (reprint author), Natl Agr Stat Serv, Spatial Anal Res Sect, USDA, 3251 Old Lee Highway,Room 305, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Zhengwei_yang@nass.usda.gov FU NASA Earth Science Division Applied Sciences Program [NNX09AO14G] FX This investigation is supported by NASA Earth Science Division Applied Sciences Program ( Grant # NNX09AO14G). NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3534 EP 3537 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049984 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303129 ER PT S AU Habib, S Zaitchik, B Alo, C Ozdogan, M Anderson, M Policelli, F AF Habib, Shahid Zaitchik, Benjamin Alo, Clement Ozdogan, Mutlu Anderson, Martha Policelli, Fritz GP IEEE TI An Integrated Hydrological and Water Management Study of the Entire Nile River System - Lake Victoria to Nile Delta SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Nile; LDAS; RCMRD; ALEXI ID ASSIMILATION; BASIN AB The Nile basin River system spans 3 million km(2) distributed over ten nations. The eight upstream riparian nations, Ethiopia, Eretria, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, Tanzania and Kenya are the source of approximately 86% of the water inputs to the Nile, while the two downstream riparian countries Sudan and Egypt, presently rely on the river's flow for most of the their needs. Both climate and agriculture contribute to the complicated nature of Nile River management: precipitation in the headwaters regions of Ethiopia and Lake Victoria is variable on a seasonal and inter-annual basis, while demand for irrigation water in the arid downstream region is consistently high. The Nile is, perhaps, one of the most difficult trans-boundary water issue in the world(1) , and this study would be the first initiative to combine NASA satellite observations with the hydrologic models study the overall water balance in a comprehensive manner. The cornerstone application of NASA's Earth Science Research Results under this project are the NASA Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS)(2) and the USDA Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI)(3) model. The end-users such as Regional Center for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD, Nairobi, Kenya), Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office (ENTRO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), Ethiopian and Kenya Meteorological and Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWSNet) will be the eventual benefactors of this work. C1 [Habib, Shahid; Policelli, Fritz] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zaitchik, Benjamin; Alo, Clement] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ozdogan, Mutlu] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA, Agr Res Ser, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Habib, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM shahid.habib@nasa.gov RI Zaitchik, Benjamin/B-9461-2013; OI Ozdogan, Mutlu/0000-0002-1707-3375; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 4359 EP 4362 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050197 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496304080 ER PT B AU Krueger, RR AF Krueger, R. R. BE Jain, SM AlKhayri, JM Johnson, DV TI Date Palm Germplasm SO DATE PALM BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Conservation; Distribution; Genetic diversity; Genetic erosion; Genetic resources; Phoenix ID HISTORICAL NOTES; GROWING AREAS; PROPAGATION; CULTIVATION; AFRICA; ORIGIN AB Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) belongs to the genus Phoenix which is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of South Asia and Africa. The species are dioecious and the fruits are drupes of varying sizes. P dactylifera apparently originated in the area near the present Iraq and Iran, was domesticated in ancient times and spread into adjacent regions having appropriate climates. Primitive date palms were probably similar to modern date palms but with smaller, less palatable fruits. Genetic diversity of date palms in the center of origin is threatened by such factors as development, desertification, ecosystem change and salinization. Examination of traditional oasis culture of date palms suggests that many of the trees in those oases were khalts or mixtures of seedlings. Propagation by offshoots was probably less common but was important in introducing superior varieties from other areas. In general, populations of date palms appear to be mixtures of khalts with some elite named varieties present. The introduction of elite varieties, whether from other oases or via tissue culture, may contribute to the genetic erosion of R dactylifera in traditional oases. Farmers should be encouraged to continue cultivating traditional varieties in the oasis cultures, but ex-situ collections of date palms should also be established in order to facilitate access and utilization of date palm germplasm. Work is needed to better characterize and evaluate date palm germplasm and to understand the genetic basis for the traits expressed. This is vital to a rational and successful utilization of date palm genetic resources. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Krueger, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, 1060 Martin Luther King Blvd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Robert.Krueger@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-1317-8 PY 2011 BP 313 EP 336 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1318-5_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1318-5 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BYN07 UT WOS:000299397000016 ER PT J AU Mora, CR Schimleck, LR Clark, A Daniels, RF AF Mora, Christian R. Schimleck, Laurence R. Clark, Alexander, III Daniels, Richard F. TI Determination of basic density and moisture content of merchantable loblolly pine logs by near infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE loblolly pine; NIR spectroscopy; merchantable logs; basic density; moisture content ID WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; UNITED-STATES; TAEDA L.; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTION; SPECTRA; SAMPLES AB The use of near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the estimation of basic density and moisture content of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) logs was explored. A total of 219 wood disks representing the large and small ends of 146 merchantable logs 4.87m in length, ranging in age from 13 years to 19 years, were analysed. NIR spectra were obtained from the transverse surface of the disks when the wood was green using a Foss XDS NIR System coupled with a Smart Probe Analyser. Each disk was divided into four quadrants and two spectra were collected per quadrant (one representing juvenile wood and one mature wood). NIR calibration models were fitted using pre-processed spectra with multiplicative scatter correction and the dimensionality of the models was kept constant for comparison purposes. Successful models based on an average of all spectra collected from both ends of the logs were obtained for basic density (R-C(2)=0.84) and moisture content (R-C(2)=0.85) using nine factors for both properties. The predictive ability of the calibrations was acceptable, with mean square errors of 22.8 kg m(-3) for basic density and 2.1% for moisture content. It was found that the number of spectra per disk could be reduced to four readings but further reductions increased prediction errors considerably. Calibration models based only on spectra collected from one of the log ends were also examined. Using large-end diameter spectra only, the fit statistics for basic density models fell to R-C(2)=0.76 for (eight spectra) and R-C(2)=.0.71 (four spectra). Similarly, the fit statistics for moisture content calibrations dropped to R-C(2)=0.76 for (eight spectral and R-C(2)=0.72 (four spectral. Calibrations based only on small-end diameter spectra were considerably weaker than those based on large-end diameter spectra. C1 [Mora, Christian R.] Bioforest SA, Raw Mat Dev Unit, Concepcion, Chile. [Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mora, CR (reprint author), Bioforest SA, Raw Mat Dev Unit, POB 70-C, Concepcion, Chile. EM christian.mora@arauco.cl FU USDA Forest Service; Wood Quality Consortium of the University of Georgia; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; North Carolina State University; Bioforest SA FX This research was supported by an USDA Forest Service Agenda 2020 grant. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Wood Quality Consortium of the University of Georgia, the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station and the North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The authors also thank Dr Sandra Kays (Quality and Safety Assessment Research Unit, USDA Russell Agricultural Research Centre) for providing access to their FOSS XDS spectrometer. The first author also thanks Bioforest SA for the support to complete this work. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 5 SI SI BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1255/jnirs.947 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 897JV UT WOS:000300647900011 ER PT J AU Lawrence, CJ AF Lawrence, Carolyn J. TI MaizeGDB - Past, Present, and Future SO MAYDICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID DATABASE; GENETICS; GENOMICS; MODEL C1 Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lawrence, CJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM carolyn.lawrence@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 896WF UT WOS:000300601400002 ER PT J AU Pontieri, P Di Fiore, R Troisi, J Bean, SR Roemer, E Okot, J Alifano, P Pignone, D Del Giudice, L Massardo, DR AF Pontieri, Paola Di Fiore, Raffaele Troisi, Jacopo Bean, Scott R. Roemer, Earl Okot, Josephine Alifano, Pietro Pignone, Domenico Del Giudice, Luigi Massardo, Domenica Rita TI Chemical composition and fatty acid content of white food sorghums grown in different environments SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE sorghum hybrid; sorghum pure line; chemical composition; fatty acids; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; gliadins ID CELIAC-DISEASE; PRODUCTS; GRAIN AB The chemical composition and fatty acid content of both white sorghum hybrids and pure lines grown in various areas of the world were studied. Various attributes were investigated including moisture, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, fat contents, and fatty acid composition. Slight variations in both protein and in fiber contents were observed among cultivars. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic were the most abundant fatty acids in all samples with little difference in their percentage content among the cultivars. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) demonstrated, for all sorghum flours analyzed, the absence of toxic protein sequences for celiac patients. The present results demonstrate that food-grade sorghum varieties are potentially able to be grown in Mediterranean countries in addition to regions where sorghum has been traditionally produced, i.e. either in arid tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa and Asia or in dry regions of America. C1 [Pontieri, Paola; Del Giudice, Luigi; Massardo, Domenica Rita] CNR, Ist Genet & Biofis Adriano Buzzati Traverso IGB A, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Pontieri, Paola; Del Giudice, Luigi; Massardo, Domenica Rita] CNR, Ist Genet Vegetale, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. [Di Fiore, Raffaele; Troisi, Jacopo] CCIAA, Lab Chim Merceol Az Spec, I-80143 Naples, Italy. [Bean, Scott R.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Roemer, Earl] NU LIFE MARKET, Scott City, KS 67850 USA. [Okot, Josephine] Victoria Seeds Ltd, Kampala, Uganda. [Alifano, Pietro] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Biol & Ambientali, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Pignone, Domenico] CNR, Ist Genet Vegetale, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Pontieri, P (reprint author), CNR, Ist Genet & Biofis Adriano Buzzati Traverso IGB A, I-80131 Naples, Italy. EM pontieri@igb.cnr.it FU Regione Campania; Istituto Banco di Napoli, Fondazione; Compagnia di San Paolo special FX We thank Prof. Mitchell Tuinstra for a generous gift of the food-grade sorghum pure line cultivars. The research was supported by Regione Campania special grant (P.S.R. 2007-2013, Misura 124) to P Pontieri, and partly supported both by Istituto Banco di Napoli, Fondazione special grant "research project" and by Compagnia di San Paolo special grant "iniziativa" to L Del Giudice. P Pontieri was supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Istituto Banco di Napoli, Fondazione. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 896WF UT WOS:000300601400008 ER PT S AU Klee, HJ Giovannoni, JJ AF Klee, Harry J. Giovannoni, James J. BE Bassler, BL Lichten, M Schupbach, G TI Genetics and Control of Tomato Fruit Ripening and Quality Attributes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 45 SE Annual Review of Genetics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE fleshy fruits; seed dispersal; hormone signaling; MADS-box; transcription factor ID MADS-BOX GENE; HISTIDINE KINASE-ACTIVITY; ETHYLENE-RECEPTOR FAMILY; MULTIGENE FAMILY; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; SOLANUM-LYCOPERSICON; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS AB Tomato ripening is a highly coordinated developmental process that coincides with seed maturation. Regulated expression of thousands of genes controls fruit softening as well as accumulation of pigments, sugars, acids, and volatile compounds that increase attraction to animals. A combination of molecular tools and ripening-affected mutants has permitted researchers to establish a framework for the control of ripening. Tomato is a climacteric fruit, with an absolute requirement for the phytohormone ethylene to ripen. This dependence upon ethylene has established tomato fruit ripening as a model system for study of regulation of its synthesis and perception. In addition, several important ripening mutants, including rin, nor, and Cnr, have provided novel insights into the control of ripening processes. Here, we describe how ethylene and the transcription factors associated with the ripening process fit together into a network controlling ripening. C1 [Klee, Harry J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Klee, HJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hjklee@ifas.ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008 NR 90 TC 218 Z9 230 U1 19 U2 178 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4197 BN 978-0-8243-1245-9 J9 ANNU REV GENET JI Annu. Rev. Genet. PY 2011 VL 45 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132507 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA BYM12 UT WOS:000299299600003 PM 22060040 ER PT J AU Urbanski, SP Hao, WM Nordgren, B AF Urbanski, S. P. Hao, W. M. Nordgren, B. TI The wildland fire emission inventory: western United States emission estimates and an evaluation of uncertainty SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; TRACE GASES; AIR-QUALITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SATELLITE DATA; CO EMISSIONS; FOREST-FIRES; BURNED AREA; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB Biomass burning emission inventories serve as critical input for atmospheric chemical transport models that are used to understand the role of biomass fires in the chemical composition of the atmosphere, air quality, and the climate system. Significant progress has been achieved in the development of regional and global biomass burning emission inventories over the past decade using satellite remote sensing technology for fire detection and burned area mapping. However, agreement among biomass burning emission inventories is frequently poor. Furthermore, the uncertainties of the emission estimates are typically not well characterized, particularly at the spatio-temporal scales pertinent to regional air quality modeling. We present the Wildland Fire Emission Inventory (WFEI), a high resolution model for non-agricultural open biomass burning (hereafter referred to as wildland fires, WF) in the contiguous United States (CONUS). The model combines observations from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra and Aqua satellites, meteorological analyses, fuel loading maps, an emission factor database, and fuel condition and fuel consumption models to estimate emissions from WF. WFEI was used to estimate emissions of CO (ECO) and PM2.5 (EPM2.5) for the western United States from 2003-2008. The uncertainties in the inventory estimates of ECO and EPM2.5 (u(ECO) and u(EPM2.5), respectively) have been explored across spatial and temporal scales relevant to regional and global modeling applications. In order to evaluate the uncertainty in our emission estimates across multiple scales we used a figure of merit, the half mass uncertainty, (u) over tilde (EX) (where X = CO or PM2.5), defined such that for a given aggregation level 50% of total emissions occurred from elements with u(EX) < <(u)over tilde>(EX). The sensitivity of the WFEI estimates of ECO and EPM2.5 to uncertainties in mapped fuel loading, fuel consumption, burned area and emission factors have also been examined. The estimated annual, domain wide ECO ranged from 436 Gg yr(-1) in 2004 to 3107 Gg yr(-1) in 2007. The extremes in estimated annual, domain wide EPM2.5 were 65 Gg yr(-1) in 2004 and 454 Gg yr(-1) in 2007. Annual WF emissions were a significant share of total emissions from non-WF sources (agriculture, dust, non-WF fire, fuel combustion, industrial processes, transportation, solvent, and miscellaneous) in the western United States as estimated in a national emission inventory. In the peak fire year of 2007, WF emissions were similar to 20% of total (WF + non-WF) CO emissions and similar to 39% of total PM2.5 emissions. During the months with the greatest fire activity, WF accounted for the majority of total CO and PM2.5 emitted across the study region. Uncertainties in annual, domain wide emissions was 28% to 51% for CO and 40% to 65% for PM2.5. Sensitivity of u(ECO) and u(EPM2.5) to the emission model components depended on scale. At scales relevant to regional modeling applications (Delta x = 10 km, Delta t = 1 day) WFEI estimates 50% of total ECO with an uncertainty < 133% and half of total EPM2.5 with an uncertainty < 146 %. (u) over tilde (ECO) and (u) over tilde (EPM2.5) are reduced by more than half at the scale of global modeling applications (Delta x = 100 km, Delta t = 30 day) where 50% of total emissions are estimated with an uncertainty < 50% for CO and < 64% for PM2.5. Uncertainties in the estimates of burned area drives the emission uncertainties at regional scales. At global scales (u) over tilde (ECO) is most sensitive to uncertainties in the fuel load consumed while the uncertainty in the emission factor for PM2.5 plays the dominant role in (u) over tilde (EPM2.5). Our analysis indicates that the large scale aggregate uncertainties (e. g. the uncertainty in annual CO emitted for CONUS) typically reported for biomass burning emission inventories may not be appropriate for evaluating and interpreting results of regional scale modeling applications that employ the emission estimates. When feasible, biomass burning emission inventories should be evaluated and reported across the scales for which they are intended to be used. C1 [Urbanski, S. P.; Hao, W. M.; Nordgren, B.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Urbanski, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. EM surbanski@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service Research and Development; U.S. Forest Service National Fire Plan FX We thank Alex Petkov for assistance in the preparation of the MODIS data and Holly Eissinger and Rachel Corley for support creating publication quality maps. This research was supported by U.S. Forest Service Research and Development and U.S. Forest Service National Fire Plan. The views, opinions, and findings contained in these works are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as an official U. S. Forest Service or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 81 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 24 BP 12973 EP 13000 DI 10.5194/acp-11-12973-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870KH UT WOS:000298667600028 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG Gai, J Dalvi, VA Suso, MJ AF Palmer, R. G. Gai, J. Dalvi, V. A. Suso, M. J. BE Pratap, A Kumar, J TI Male Sterility and Hybrid Production Technology SO BIOLOGY AND BREEDING OF FOOD LEGUMES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VICIA-FABA-L; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; NUCLEAR MALE-STERILITY; CICER-ARIETINUM L.; UNGUICULATA L WALP; MAX L MERR; FERTILITY RESTORATION; CROSS-FERTILIZATION; CAJANUS-CAJAN C1 [Palmer, R. G.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dalvi, V. A.] Guangxi Crop Genet Improvement & Biotechnol Lab, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Gai, J.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Natl Ctr Soybean Improvement, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Suso, M. J.] Inst Agr Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Reid.Palmer@ars.usda.gov; sri@njau.edu.in; vijay_dalvi79@rediffmail.com; ge1susom@uco.es NR 140 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-766-9 PY 2011 BP 193 EP 207 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BYO43 UT WOS:000299502400015 ER PT J AU Cannon, SB Sato, S Tabata, S Young, ND May, GD AF Cannon, S. B. Sato, Shusei Tabata, Satoshi Young, N. D. May, G. D. BE Pratap, A Kumar, J TI Legumes as a Model Plant Family SO BIOLOGY AND BREEDING OF FOOD LEGUMES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUNDNUT APIOS-AMERICANA; ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; GENOME CONSERVATION; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; PISUM-SATIVUM; GENETIC-BASIS; CROP LEGUMES; EVOLUTION; SYNTENY C1 [Cannon, S. B.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [May, G. D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Sato, Shusei; Tabata, Satoshi] Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan. [Young, N. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cannon, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.cannon@ars.usda.gov; ssato@kazusa.or.jp; tabata@kazusa.or.jp; neviny@umn.edu NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-766-9 PY 2011 BP 348 EP 361 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BYO43 UT WOS:000299502400024 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Ippolito, JA AF Tarkalson, D. D. Ippolito, J. A. TI Clinoptilolite Zeolite Influence on Nitrogen in a Manure-Amended Sandy Agricultural Soil SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ammonium; clinoptilolite; mineralization; nitrate; nitrification; nitrogen; zeolite ID AMMONIUM ADSORPTION; AMENDMENTS AB Zeolite minerals may improve nitrogen availability to plants in soil and reduce losses to the environment. A study was conducted to determine the influence of clinoptilolite (CL) on nitrogen (N) mineralization from solid dairy manure (224 kg N ha(-1)) in a sandy soil. Clinoptilolite was added to soil at six rates (0 to 44.8 Mg CL ha(-1)), each sampled during 11 sampling dates over a year. Over time, nitrate (NO3)-N increased, ammonium (NH4)-N decreased, but total inorganic N increased. Clinoptilolite did not influence the nitrification rates of initial manure NH4-N or mineralization of organic N (ON) over time. It is possible that adsorption of manure-derived potassium (K) outcompeted the NH4-N for CL exchange sites. The ON concentration was constant up to 84 days and then decreased by approximately 18% over the remaining time of the study across all treatments. Clinoptilolite use in this sandy soil did not alter mineralization of N from dairy manure. C1 [Tarkalson, D. D.; Ippolito, J. A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Lab NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. EM david.tarkalson@usda.ars.gov FU Zeocorp LLC, CRADA [58-3k95-8-1283] FX The authors acknowledge the research support from Zeocorp LLC, CRADA No. 58-3k95-8-1283. Mention of a specific product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2011 VL 42 IS 19 BP 2370 EP 2378 DI 10.1080/00103624.2011.605495 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 884VF UT WOS:000299736200008 ER PT J AU McDowell, RW Kleinman, PJA AF McDowell, Richard W. Kleinman, Peter J. A. BE Lemaire, G Hodgson, J Chabbi, A TI Efficiency of Phosphorus Cycling in Different Grassland Systems SO GRASSLAND PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DAIRY FARMED CATCHMENT; RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY; OVERLAND-FLOW; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; POTENTIAL PHOSPHORUS; PERENNIAL PASTURE; IRRIGATION RUNOFF; SEDIMENT LOSS; MANAGEMENT C1 [McDowell, Richard W.] AgResearch, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McDowell, RW (reprint author), AgResearch, Invermay Agr Ctr, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand. EM richard.mcdowell@agresearch.co.nz; peter.kleinman@ars.usda.gov OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-809-3 PY 2011 BP 108 EP 119 D2 10.1079/9781845938093.0000 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYO49 UT WOS:000299504400014 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Sulc, RM Russelle, MP AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Sulc, R. Mark Russelle, Michael P. BE Lemaire, G Hodgson, J Chabbi, A TI Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating North-American Crop and Livestock Systems SO GRASSLAND PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; YIELD RESPONSE; NO-TILLAGE; USA; SUSTAINABILITY; AGRICULTURE C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sulc, R. Mark] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov; sulc.2@osu.edu; michael.russelle@ars.usda.gov RI Sulc, Reuben/N-3710-2016 OI Sulc, Reuben/0000-0003-2616-3492 NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-809-3 PY 2011 BP 208 EP 218 D2 10.1079/9781845938093.0000 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYO49 UT WOS:000299504400024 ER PT J AU Hodges, DM Lester, GE AF Hodges, D. Mark Lester, Gene E. BE Terry, LA TI Cucurbits [Cucumber, Melon, Pumpkin and Squash] SO HEALTH-PROMOTING PROPERTIES OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BETA-CAROTENE; HUMAN HEALTH; POSTHARVEST APPLICATION; NETTED MUSKMELONS; ASCORBIC-ACID; FRUIT SIZE; RICH FOODS; FOLIC-ACID; FRESH-CUT; STORAGE C1 [Hodges, D. Mark] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS, Canada. [Lester, Gene E.] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hodges, DM (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS, Canada. EM Mark.Hodges@agr.gc.ca; Gene.Lester@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-528-3 PY 2011 BP 118 EP 134 D2 10.1079/9781845935283.0000 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BYO51 UT WOS:000299504900007 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Garzio-Hadzick, A Shelton, DR Hadzick, ZZ Hill, RL AF Pachepsky, Y. A. Garzio-Hadzick, A. Shelton, D. R. Hadzick, Z. Z. Hill, R. L. TI Survival of E. coli O157:H12 in creek sediments after inoculation and re-inoculation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; sediment; survival; microcosm; inactivation rate ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-QUALITY; LAKE GENEVA; PERSISTENCE; STREAMS; IMPACT; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SWITZERLAND AB This work tested the hypothesis that E. coli survival after streambed sediment inoculation does not differ significantly from survival in the same sediment after re-inoculation. The E. coli O157:H12 survived in two sediments with markedly different particle size distributions and organic matter contents in one-month-long experiments in flow-through chambers at 14 degrees C and 23 degrees C.The inactivation rates after re-inoculation were smaller than after inoculation; the differences were significant (P < 0.1) in two of four experiments. This study suggests that E. coli O157:H12 was able to adapt to the sediment environment so that its survival after re-inoculation improved. C1 [Pachepsky, Y. A.; Shelton, D. R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garzio-Hadzick, A.; Hadzick, Z. Z.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hill, R. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yakov.Pachepsky@ars.usda.gov; agarz@umich.edu; Dan.Shelton@ars.usda.gov; zhadzick@umich.edu; rlh@umd.edu OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1504/IJEP.2011.045481 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897GL UT WOS:000300635500007 ER PT B AU Annous, BA AF Annous, Bassam A. BE Rai, M Chikindas, M TI Natural Antimicrobials in Food Safety and Quality Foreword SO NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS IN FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, NAA, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, NAA, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bassam.annous@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-769-0 PY 2011 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1079/9781845937690.0000 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BYO47 UT WOS:000299503900001 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Juneja, VK AF Friedman, Mendel Juneja, Vijay K. BE Rai, M Chikindas, M TI Antimicrobial and other Beneficial Applications of Chitosans SO NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS IN FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JIMSON WEED DATURA; MORNING-GLORY IPOMOEA; LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA FILLETS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS SPORES; SICKLEPOD CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; ENHANCING MICROBIAL SAFETY; OREGANO ESSENTIAL OIL; COATED PLASTIC FILMS; FRESH PORK SAUSAGES C1 [Friedman, Mendel] Agr Res Serv, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Juneja, Vijay K.] Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 225 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-769-0 PY 2011 BP 131 EP 153 D2 10.1079/9781845937690.0000 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BYO47 UT WOS:000299503900012 ER PT J AU Fett, WF Liao, CH Annous, BA AF Fett, William F. Liao, Ching-Hsing Annous, Bassam A. BE Rai, M Chikindas, M TI Biological Approaches for Control of Human Pathogens on Produce SO NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS IN FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; TO-USE VEGETABLES; MINIMALLY PROCESSED VEGETABLES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ALFALFA SPROUTS; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FRESH PRODUCE; GLOMERELLA-CINGULATA C1 [Fett, William F.; Liao, Ching-Hsing; Annous, Bassam A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, NAA, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, NAA, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bassam.annous@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-769-0 PY 2011 BP 292 EP 303 D2 10.1079/9781845937690.0000 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BYO47 UT WOS:000299503900021 ER PT J AU Frolking, S Talbot, J Jones, MC Treat, CC Kauffman, JB Tuittila, ES Roulet, N AF Frolking, Steve Talbot, Julie Jones, Miriam C. Treat, Claire C. Kauffman, J. Boone Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina Roulet, Nigel TI Peatlands in the Earth's 21st century climate system SO ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE peat; land use change; CO2; CH4; N2O ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; WATER-LEVEL DRAWDOWN; HOLOCENE CARBON ACCUMULATION; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; BOREAL NORTH-AMERICA; ANNUAL CO2 BALANCE; CUT-AWAY PEATLAND; LAND-USE CHANGE; METHANE EMISSIONS; TROPICAL PEATLANDS AB Peatlands occupy a relatively small fraction of the Earth's land area, but they are a globally important carbon store because of their high carbon density. Undisturbed peatlands are currently a weak carbon sink (similar to 0.1 Pg C y(-1)), a moderate source of methane (CH4; similar to 0.03 Pg CH4 y(-1)), and a very weak source of nitrous oxide (N2O; similar to 0.00002 Pg N2O-N y(-1)). Anthropogenic disturbance, primarily agriculture and forestry drainage (10%-20% of global peatlands), results in net CO2 emissions, reduced CH4 emissions, and increased N2O emissions. This likely changes the global peatland greenhouse gas balance to a C source (similar to 0.1 Pg C y(-1)), a 10% smaller CH4 source, and a larger (but still small) N2O source (similar to 0.0004 Pg N2O-N y(-1)). There is no strong evidence that peatlands significantly contributed to 20th century changes in the atmospheric burden of CO2, CH4, or N2O; will this picture change in the 21st century? A review of experimental and observational studies of peatland dynamics indicates that the main global change impacts on peatlands that may have significant climate impacts are (1) drainage, especially in the tropics; (2) widespread permafrost thaw; and (3) increased fire intensity and frequency as a result of drier climatic conditions and (or) drainage. Quantitative estimates of global change impacts are limited by the sparse field data (particularly in the tropics), the large variability present in existing data, uncertainties in the future trajectory of peatland use, interactive effects of individual impacts, and the unprecedented rates of climate change expected in the 21st century. C1 [Frolking, Steve; Talbot, Julie; Treat, Claire C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Kauffman, J. Boone] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH USA. [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Helsinki, Peatland Ecol Grp, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Roulet, Nigel] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Frolking, S (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM steve.frolking@unh.edu OI Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178 FU National Science Foundation - Research Coordination Networks (NSF RCN); Peatland Ecosystem Analysis and Training NETwork (Peat-NET); NSF [ATM-0628399, ARC-1021300, ATM-0628455]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX07AH32G]; NASA IDS; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; UNH-NASA; US DOE Office of Science; Academy of Finland [218101, 140863] FX We thank the National Science Foundation - Research Coordination Networks (NSF RCN) program for support of the Peatland Ecosystem Analysis and Training NETwork (Peat-NET), which organized and funded several international meetings focused on peatlands and the C cycle. We thank Dave Lawrence for helpful comments on the manuscript and ideas within it. In addition, SF and JT were supported by NSF grants ATM-0628399 and ARC-1021300, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant NNX07AH32G, and the NASA IDS Program. Funding for NTR climate research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences. MCJ was supported by NSF grant ATM-0628455. CCT was supported by UNH-NASA Research and Discover Program and US DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship (SCGF); EST was supported by the Academy of Finland (project codes 218101, 140863). NR 288 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 21 U2 164 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1208-6053 EI 1181-8700 J9 ENVIRON REV JI Environ. Rev. PY 2011 VL 19 BP 371 EP 396 DI 10.1139/A11-014 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848DB UT WOS:000297028000018 ER PT J AU Predmore, SA Stern, MJ Mortimer, MJ Seesholtz, DN AF Predmore, S. Andrew Stern, Marc J. Mortimer, Michael J. Seesholtz, David N. TI Perceptions of Legally Mandated Public Involvement Processes in the US Forest Service SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE bureaucratic values; environmental planning; national environmental policy act; public involvement; public lands; rational planning ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; CITIZEN PARTICIPATION; QUESTION; VALUES; DEBATE; TRUST AB Results from an agency-wide survey of U.S. Forest Service personnel indicate that respondents in our sample engage in National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) public involvement processes primarily to accomplish two goals. The most commonly supported goal was to inform and disclose as mandated by the act. The other goal reflected interests in managing agency relationships with various, often adversarial, publics. Respondents expressed variable views about how to conduct public involvement. Most favored informal meetings and/or formal agency-endorsed strategies, though some respondents favored strategies associated with avoiding or containing the public. Qualitative results suggest that variable views concerning how to go about public involvement are related to individual views of planning in general, the public, and administrative structures and processes. The study raises the question of which factors-the beliefs of those conducting public involvement, or the strategies of public involvement employed-most powerfully impact the outcomes of public involvement processes. C1 [Predmore, S. Andrew; Stern, Marc J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Mortimer, Michael J.] Virginia Tech, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Natl Capital Reg, Falls Church, VA 24060 USA. [Seesholtz, David N.] US Forest Serv, Focused Sci Delivery Program, Pacific NW Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Predmore, SA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, 311 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM sapredmo@vt.edu OI Stern, Marc/0000-0002-0294-8941 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1286 EP 1303 DI 10.1080/08941920.2011.559617 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 850RF UT WOS:000297214600004 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA Rho, D Alcock, MM Ulven, CA Huo, SS AF Foulk, Jonn A. Rho, Denis Alcock, Mercedes M. Ulven, Chad A. Huo, Shanshan TI Modifications Caused by Enzyme-Retting and Their Effect on Composite Performance SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FLAX; FIBER AB Bethune seed flax was collected from Canada with seed removed using a stripper header and straw pulled and left in field for several weeks. Unretted straw was decorticated providing a coarse fiber bundle feedstock for enzyme treatments. Enzyme treatments using a bacterial pectinolytic enzyme with lyase activity were conducted in lab-scale reactors. Four fiber specimens were created: no retting, minimal retting, moderate retting, and full retting. Fiber characterization tests: strength, elongation, diameter, metal content, wax content, and pH were conducted with significant differences between fibers. Thermosetting vinyl ester resin was used to produce composite panels via vacuum-assisted infusion. Composite performance was evaluated using fiber bundle pull-out, tensile, impact, and interlaminar shear tests. Composite tests indicate that composite panels are largely unchanged among fiber samples. Variation in composite performance might not be realized due to poor interfacial bonding being of larger impact than the more subtle changes incurred by the enzyme treatment. C1 [Foulk, Jonn A.] USDA, CQRS, ARS, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Rho, Denis] Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. [Alcock, Mercedes M.] Prod Innovat, Composites Innovat Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C2, Canada. [Ulven, Chad A.; Huo, Shanshan] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), USDA, CQRS, ARS, Ravenel Ctr Room 10,McGregor Rd, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jonn.foulk@ars.usda.gov FU Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada FX The authors gratefully acknowledge and appreciate the help provided by producers, processors, and others including Biolin Research Inc. They gratefully acknowledge Robert Harrison and Linda James from USDA ARS CQRS for assisting with testing and setup. They gratefully acknowledge Katie Schalkoff from Clemson University along with Michael Fuqua from North Dakota State University for their assistance. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the work of Dr. Nereida Coello, who performed the enzyme treatment with the technical assistance of Marie-Josee Lorrain at NRC-BRI. Partial financial support for the work conducted was received from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada through the Agriculture Bioproducts Innovation Program. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6822 J9 ADV MATER SCI ENG JI Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. PY 2011 AR 179023 DI 10.1155/2011/179023 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 845DN UT WOS:000296803300001 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Wu, W Wei, W Davis, RE Lee, IM Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y AF Ding, Yang Wu, Wei Wei, Wei Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ing-Ming Jomantiene, Rasa Zhao, Yan TI Effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid on proteomic profiles of potato purple top phytoplasma-infected tomato plants SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma; tomato; IAA; proteomics AB Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria that cause numerous diseases in diverse crops worldwide. Phytoplasma-infected plants often exhibit symptoms suggestive of hormone disorders. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a naturally-occurring auxin, is involved in multiple essential plant growth and developmental processes. It has been shown that exogenous application of IAA can effectively remit symptoms caused by phytoplasma infections. The present study was designed to learn whether exogenously applied IAA would modify phytoplasma-induced changes in host gene expression profiles at the protein level and to understand the role of IAA in phytoplasma pathogenesis. C1 [Ding, Yang; Wu, Wei; Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.; Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wei, Wei] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Jomantiene, Rasa] Nat Res Ctr, Phytovirus Lab, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PY 2011 VL 64 SU S BP S183 EP S184 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 843OO UT WOS:000296681900089 ER PT J AU Jomantiene, R Valiunas, D Ivanauskas, A Urbanaviciene, L Staniulis, J Davis, RE AF Jomantiene, Rasa Valiunas, Deividas Ivanauskas, Algirdas Urbanaviciene, Laima Staniulis, Juozas Davis, Robert E. TI Larch is a new host for a group 16SrI, subgroup B, phytoplasma in Ukraine SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gymnosperm; Pinaceae; proliferation; polymerase chain reaction; mollicute AB A phytoplasma strain belonging to group 16SrI, subgroup B ('Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'), the most widely spread phytoplasma worldwide, was detected in diseased larch (Larix sp.) in Ukraine. Detection, identification, and classification of the larch infecting phytoplasma were accomplished through RFLP and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences amplified in polymerase chain reactions. The larch infecting phytoplasma was named larch dwarfed needle proliferation (LDNP) phytoplasma. The findings revealed Larix as a previously unknown host of phytoplasma and indicated that 'Ca. P. asteris' is capable of infecting a gymnosperm, while raising questions concerning the identity of possible insect vector(s) involved in transmission of 'Ca. P. asteris' to larch and perhaps to other gymnosperms. C1 [Jomantiene, Rasa; Valiunas, Deividas; Ivanauskas, Algirdas; Urbanaviciene, Laima; Staniulis, Juozas] Nat Res Ctr, Phytovirus Lab, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, Robert E.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), Nat Res Ctr, Phytovirus Lab, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM rasa.jomantiene@yahoo.com FU Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA FX This work was supported by Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PY 2011 VL 64 SU S BP S101 EP S102 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 843OO UT WOS:000296681900048 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Zhao, Y Suo, XB Davis, RE AF Lee, Ing-Ming Zhao, Yan Suo, Xiaobing Davis, Robert E. TI Rapid and automated analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in secY gene sequences for finer differentiation and characterization of phytoplasmas SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RFLP; SNP; differentiation; phytoplasmas; secY gene AB The number of newly discovered phytoplasma strains has increased dramatically in the last decade. For epidemiological studies and for international quarantine, appropriate molecular tools are essential to identify and distinguish phytoplasmas at taxonomic ranks at and below ribosomal group level. Currently, use of RFLP analysis of the secY gene is one of the finest tools available to achieve the resolving power needed for fine differentiation of closely related phytoplasmas. In the present study, we developed a sytem for computer-simulated SNP-based analysis of secY sequences that incorporates SNPs located both within and outside of restriction sites, increasing the number of characters beyond those used in RFLP analyses. With the inclusion of the additional informative characters, the SNP-based system further enhances strain separation and characterization. This new system will provide additional molecular markers and should aid identification and characterization of strains that are ecologically distinct and/or originate from different geographical regions. C1 [Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan; Suo, Xiaobing; Davis, Robert E.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ingming.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PY 2011 VL 64 SU S BP S89 EP S90 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 843OO UT WOS:000296681900042 ER PT J AU Quaglino, F Mori, N Zhao, Y Zanini, G Casati, P Bulgari, D Zorloni, A Davis, RE Bianco, PA AF Quaglino, Fabio Mori, Nicola Zhao, Yan Zanini, Giovanni Casati, Paola Bulgari, Daniela Zorloni, Anna Davis, Robert E. Bianco, Piero A. TI Molecular characterization of 'bois noir' phytoplasma populations from North-Eastern Italy SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple gene analysis; PCR; RFLP; stolbur ID GENE AB Genetic diversity of 'bois noir' phytoplasma populations in two vineyards of Verona province (Veneto region, North-Eastern Italy) was investigated by the use of multilocus analysis of gene sequences amplified in the polymerase chain reaction. Based on results from restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling and nucleotide sequence alignments of 16S rRNA, tuf, hlyC, trxA-truB, cbiQ-glyA, and rplS-csdB genes, 'bois noir' phytoplasma strains were grouped in five SNP lineages. The data suggest that strain composition of BN phytoplasma populations may be modified by ecological relationships in vineyards. C1 [Quaglino, Fabio; Casati, Paola; Bulgari, Daniela; Zorloni, Anna; Bianco, Piero A.] Univ Milan, Sez Patol Vegetale, Dipartimento Prod Vegetale, Milan, Italy. [Mori, Nicola] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Agron Anibientale & Prod Vegetali, Sez Entomol, Legnaro, PD, Italy. [Zhao, Yan; Davis, Robert E.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Zanini, Giovanni] Serv Fitosanit Reg Veneto, Unita Perifer Verona, Buttapietra, VR, Italy. RP Bianco, PA (reprint author), Univ Milan, Di ProVe Sez Patol Vegetale, Milan, Italy. EM piero.bianco@unimi.it FU "Prevenzione e contenimento del Legno nero della vite nella Regione Veneto", Veneto region, Italy FX We gratefully thank Alessandro Motta and Matteo Brigatti for their technical assistance in PCR-RFLP analyses. This study was funded by the project "Prevenzione e contenimento del Legno nero della vite nella Regione Veneto", Veneto region, Italy. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PY 2011 VL 64 SU S BP S231 EP S232 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 843OO UT WOS:000296681900113 ER PT J AU Quaglino, F Zhao, Y Bianco, PA Casati, P Wei, W Davis, RE AF Quaglino, Fabio Zhao, Yan Bianco, Piero A. Casati, Paola Wei, Wei Davis, Robert E. TI Phylogenetic position of 'bois noir' phytoplasma based on analyses of rpsJ-rplC-rplD-rplW-rplB gene sequences SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE S10 operon; ribosomal proteins; single nucleotide polymorphism; RFLP AB In the present work, a 2,738 bp DNA segment of the operon S10, including the genes rpsJ, rplC, rplD, rplW and rplB, from an Italian 'bois noir' phytoplasma strain detected in grapevine was amplified. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses allowed to clarify the phylogenetic position of this 'bois noir' phytoplasma strain within 16S rDNA RFLP group 16SrXII and to identify molecular markers useful for specific phytoplasma identification. The results stimulate further work aimed at obtaining the nucleotide sequence of the entire superoperon S10-spc-alpha for a more detailed characterization of 'bois noir' phytoplasma. C1 [Zhao, Yan; Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Quaglino, Fabio; Bianco, Piero A.; Casati, Paola] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Prod Vegetale, Sez Patol Vegetale, Milan, Italy. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM robert.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PY 2011 VL 64 SU S BP S19 EP S20 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 843OO UT WOS:000296681900007 ER PT J AU Wu, W Ding, Y Wei, W Davis, RE Lee, IM Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y AF Wu, Wei Ding, Yang Wei, Wei Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ing-Ming Jomantiene, Rasa Zhao, Yan TI Proteomic analysis of differentially synthesized proteins in potato purple top phytoplasma-infected tomato plants SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma; potato purple top; proteomics; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis AB Potato purple top (PPT) is an emerging potato disease complex. The etiological agents of PPT are phloem-inhabiting, cell wall-less bacteria known as phytoplasmas. Tomato is an alternative host of these phytoplasmas. PPT phytoplasma-infected tomato plants exhibit symptoms including abnormal foliage development and formation of "big buds". In the present study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed to compare the proteomes of healthy and Columbia Basin PPT phytoplasma-infected 'Rutgers' tomato. Our results showed that the levels of at least 15 host proteins were significantly altered in response to PPT phytoplasma infection. The identities of these PPT-responsive proteins and their roles in phytoplasma pathogenesis are currently being examined. C1 [Wu, Wei; Ding, Yang; Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.; Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wei, Wei] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Jomantiene, Rasa] Nat Res Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PY 2011 VL 64 SU S BP S181 EP S182 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 843OO UT WOS:000296681900088 ER PT J AU Miller, RF Knick, ST Pyke, DA Meinke, CW Hanser, SE Wisdom, MJ Hild, AL AF Miller, Richard F. Knick, Steven T. Pyke, David A. Meinke, Cara W. Hanser, Steven E. Wisdom, Michael J. Hild, Ann L. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI Characteristics of Sagebrush Habitats and Limitations to Long-Term Conservation SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Artemisia; Bromus tectorum; climate change; community dynamics; drought; exotic plant species; juniper; pinyon; sagebrush; weather; wildfire AB The distribution of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) within the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area (SGCA, the historical distribution of sage-grouse buffered by 50 km) stretches from British Columbia and Saskatchewan in the north, to northern Arizona and New Mexico in the south, and from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains to western South Dakota. The dominant sagebrush (sub) species as well as the composition and proportion of shrubs, grasses, and forbs varies across different ecological sites as a function of precipitation, temperature, soils, topographic position, elevation, and disturbance history. Most important to Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are three subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)(basin big sagebrush [A. t. ssp. tridentata], Wyoming big sagebrush [A. t. ssp. wyomingensis], and mountain big sagebrush [A. t. ssp. vaseyana]); two low or dwarf forms (little sagebrush [A. arbuscula] and black sagebrush [A. nova]); and silver sagebrush (A. cana), which occurs primarily in the northeast portion of the sage-grouse range. Invasive plant species, wildfires, and weather and climate change are major influences on sagebrush habitats and present significant challenges to their long-term conservation. Each factor is spatially pervasive across the Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and has significant potential to influence processes within sagebrush communities. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), the most widespread exotic annual grass, has invaded much of the lower-elevation, more xeric sagebrush landscapes across the western portion of the Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation Area. A large proportion of existing sagebrush communities are at moderate to high risk of invasion by cheatgrass. Juniper (Juniperus spp.) and pinyon (Pinus spp.) woodlands have expanded into sagebrush habitats at higher elevations creating an elevational squeeze on the sagebrush ecosystem from both extremes. Number of fires and total area burned have increased since 1980 throughout the SGCA except in the Snake River Plain, which has a long-term history of high fire disturbance. Climate change scenarios for the sagebrush region predict increasing trends in temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and frequency of severe weather events that favor cheatgrass expansion and in creased fire disturbance resulting in a decline in sagebrush. Approximately 12% of the current distribution of sagebrush is predicted to be replaced by expansion of other woody vegetation for each 1 degrees C increase in temperature. Periodic drought regularly influences sagebrush ecosystems; drought duration and severity have increased throughout the 20th century in much of the interior western United States. Synergistic feedbacks among invasive plant species, fire, and climate change, coupled with current trajectories of habitat changes and rates of disturbance (natural and humancaused), will continue to change sagebrush communities and create challenges for future conservation and management. C1 [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Strand Agr Res Ctr 202, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Knick, Steven T.; Meinke, Cara W.; Hanser, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Hild, Ann L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82009 USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miller, RF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Strand Agr Res Ctr 202, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM richard.miller@oregonstate.edu; steve_knick@usgs.gov; david_pyke@usgs.gov; cara.meinke@stantec.com; shanser@usgs.gov; mwisdom@fs.fed.us; annhild@uwyo.edu; steve_knick@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 37 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP 145 EP 184 PG 40 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900013 ER PT J AU Knick, ST Hanser, SE Miller, RF Pyke, DA Wisdom, MJ Finn, SP Rinkes, ET Henny, CJ AF Knick, Steven T. Hanser, Steven E. Miller, Richard F. Pyke, David A. Wisdom, Michael J. Finn, Sean P. Rinkes, E. Thomas Henny, Charles J. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI Ecological Influence and Pathways of Land Use in Sagebrush SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE agriculture; Conservation Reserve Program; energy development; land use; livestock grazing; off-highway vehicle; prescribed fire; sagebrush; sage-grouse; urbanization AB Land use in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) landscapes influences all sage-grouse (Centrocercus spp.) populations in western North America. Croplands and the network of irrigation canals cover 230,000 km(2) and indirectly influence up to 77% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 73% of sagebrush land cover by subsidizing synanthropic predators on sage-grouse. Urbanization and the demands of human population growth have created an extensive network of connecting infrastructure that is expanding its influence on sagebrush landscapes. Over 2,500 km(2) are now covered by interstate highways and paved roads; when secondary roads are included, 15% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 5% of existing sagebrush habitats are >2.5 km from roads. Density of secondary roads often exceeds 5 km/km(2), resulting in widespread motorized access for recreation, creating extensive travel corridors for management actions and resource development, subsidizing predators adapted to human presence, and facilitating spread of exotic or invasive plants. Sagebrush lands also are being used for their wilderness and recreation values, including off-highway vehicle use. Approximately 12,000,000 animal use months (AUM = amount of forage to support one livestock unit per month) are permitted for grazing livestock on public lands in the western states. Direct effects of grazing on sage-grouse populations or sagebrush landscapes are not possible to assess from current data. However, management of lands grazed by livestock has influenced sagebrush ecosystems by vegetation treatments to increase forage and reduce sagebrush and other plant species unpalatable to livestock. Fences (>2 km/km(2) in some regions), roads, and water developments to manage livestock movements further modify the landscape. Oil and gas development influences 8% of the sagebrush habitats with the highest intensities occurring in the eastern range of sage-grouse; >20% of the sagebrush distribution is indirectly influenced in the Great Plains, Wyoming Basin, and Colorado Plateau SMZs. Energy development physically removes habitat to construct well pads, roads, power lines, and pipelines; indirect effects include habitat fragmentation, soil disturbance, and facilitation of exotic plant and animal spread. More recent development of alternative energy, such as wind and geothermal, creates infrastructure in new regions of the sage-grouse distribution. Land use will continue to be a dominant stressor on sagebrush systems; its individual and cumulative effects will challenge long-term conservation of sage-grouse populations. C1 [Knick, Steven T.; Hanser, Steven E.; Finn, Sean P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Strand Agr Res Ctr 202, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pyke, David A.; Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rinkes, E. Thomas] US Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM steve_knick@usgs.gov; shanser@usgs.gov; richard.miller@oregonstate.edu; david_pyke@usgs.gov; mwisdom@fs.fed.us; sfinn@usgs.gov; tom_rinkes@blm.gov; hennyc@usgs.gov; steve_knick@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP 203 EP 251 PG 49 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900015 ER PT J AU Wisdom, MJ Meinke, CW Knick, ST Schroeder, MA AF Wisdom, Michael J. Meinke, Cara W. Knick, Steven T. Schroeder, Michael A. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI Factors Associated with Extirpation of Sage-Grouse SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Centrocercus minimus; Centrocercus urophasianus; extirpated range; extirpation; Greater Sage-Grouse; Gunnison Sage-Grouse; range contraction; sagebrush AB Geographic ranges of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison Sage-Grouse (C. minimus) have contracted across large areas in response to habitat loss and detrimental land uses. However, quantitative analyses of the environmental factors most closely associated with range contraction have been lacking, results of which could be highly relevant to conservation planning. Consequently, we analyzed differences in 22 environmental variables between areas of former range (extirpated range), and areas still occupied by the two species (occupied range). Fifteen of the 22 variables, representing a broad spectrum of biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic conditions, had mean values that were significantly different between extirpated and occupied ranges. Best discrimination between extirpated and occupied ranges, using discriminant function analysis (DFA), was provided by five of these variables: sagebrush area (Artemisia spp.); elevation; distance to transmission lines; distance to cellular towers; and land ownership. A DFA model containing these five variables correctly classified >80% of sage-grouse historical locations to extirpated and occupied ranges. We used this model to estimate the similarity between areas of occupied range with areas where extirpation has occurred. Areas currently occupied by sage-grouse, but with high similarity to extirpated range, may not support persistent populations. Model estimates showed that areas of highest similarity were concentrated in the smallest, disjunct portions of occupied range and along range peripheries. Large areas in the eastern portion of occupied range also had high similarity with extirpated range. By contrast, areas of lowest similarity with extirpated range were concentrated in the largest, most contiguous portions of occupied range that dominate Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and western Wyoming. Our results have direct relevance to conservation planning. We describe how results can be used to identify strongholds and spatial priorities for effective landscape management of sage-grouse. C1 [Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Schroeder, Michael A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bridgeport, WA 98813 USA. [Meinke, Cara W.; Knick, Steven T.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mwisdom@fs.fed.us; cara.meinke@stantec.com; steve_knick@usgs.gov; michael.schroeder@dfw.wa.gov; steve_knick@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP 451 EP 472 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900021 ER PT J AU Connelly, JW Knick, ST Braun, CE Baker, WL Beever, EA Christiansen, T Doherty, KE Garton, EO Hanser, SE Johnson, DH Leu, M Miller, RF Naugle, DE Oyler-McCance, SJ Pyke, DA Reese, KP Schroeder, MA Stiver, SJ Walker, BL Wisdom, MJ AF Connelly, J. W. Knick, S. T. Braun, C. E. Baker, W. L. Beever, E. A. Christiansen, T. Doherty, K. E. Garton, E. O. Hanser, S. E. Johnson, D. H. Leu, M. Miller, R. F. Naugle, D. E. Oyler-McCance, S. J. Pyke, D. A. Reese, K. P. Schroeder, M. A. Stiver, S. J. Walker, B. L. Wisdom, M. J. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI Conservation of Greater Sage-Grouse A SYNTHESIS OF CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE MANAGEMENT SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Centrocercus urophasianus; Greater Sage-Grouse; habitats; management; populations; restoration; sagebrush AB Recent analyses of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations indicate substantial declines in many areas but relatively stable populations in other portions of the species' range. Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats necessary to support sage-grouse are being burned by large wildfires, invaded by nonnative plants, and developed for energy resources (gas, oil, and wind). Management on public lands, which contain 70% of sagebrush habitats, has changed over the last 30 years from large sagebrush control projects directed at enhancing livestock grazing to a greater emphasis on projects that often attempt to improve or restore ecological integrity. Nevertheless, the mandate to manage public lands to provide traditional consumptive uses as well as recreation and wilderness values is not likely to change in the near future. Consequently, demand and use of resources contained in sagebrush landscapes plus the associated infrastructure to support increasing human populations in the western United States will continue to challenge efforts to conserve Greater Sage-Grouse. The continued widespread distribution of sage-grouse, albeit at very low densities in some areas, coupled with large areas of important sagebrush habitat that are relatively unaffected by the human footprint, suggest that Greater Sage-Grouse populations may be able to persist into the future. We summarize the status of sage-grouse populations and habitats, provide a synthesis of major threats and challenges to conservation of sage-grouse, and suggest a roadmap to attaining conservation goals. C1 [Connelly, J. W.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. [Knick, S. T.; Hanser, S. E.; Leu, M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Braun, C. E.] Grouse Inc, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. [Baker, W. L.] Univ Wyoming, Ecol Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Baker, W. L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Beever, E. A.; Pyke, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Christiansen, T.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Green River, WY 82935 USA. [Doherty, K. E.; Naugle, D. E.; Walker, B. L.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Garton, E. O.; Reese, K. P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Johnson, D. H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Miller, R. F.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Oyler-McCance, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schroeder, M. A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bridgeport, WA 98813 USA. [Stiver, S. J.] Western Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Wisdom, M. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Connelly, JW (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1345 Barton Rd, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. EM jcsagegrouse@aol.com; sg-wtp@juno.com; bakerwl@uwyo.edu; ebeever@usgs.gov; tom_christiansen@wgf.state.wy.us; kevin_doherty@fws.gov; ogarton@uidaho.edu; shanser@usgs.gov; douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov; mleu@wm.edu; richard.miller@oregonstate.edu; david.naugle@umontana.edu; sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov; david_pyke@usgs.gov; kreese@uidaho.edu; michael.schroeder@dfw.wa.gov; stiver@cableone.net; brett.walker@state.co.us; mwisdom@fs.fed.us; jcsagegrouse@aol.com NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP 549 EP 563 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900027 ER PT S AU Lewis, M Trabelsi, S AF Lewis, Micah Trabelsi, Samir GP IEEE TI Embedded Solution for a Microwave Moisture Meter SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2011: BUILDING GLOBAL ENGINEERS SE IEEE SoutheastCon-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2011 - Building Global Engineers CY MAR 17-20, 2011 CL Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN SP Vanderbilt Univ, Tennessee Technol Univ, IEEE Cent Tennessee Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Tennessee Council, ARM, IEEE HO Tennessee State Univ ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; DENSITY; GRAIN AB In this paper, the conversion of a PC or laptop-controlled microwave moisture meter to a stand-alone meter hosting its own embedded system is discussed. The moisture meter is based on the free-space transmission measurement technique and uses low-intensity microwaves to measure the attenuation and phase shift of the sample, from which the dielectric properties are calculated. The dielectric properties are then used for instantaneous and nondestructive determination of the moisture content in the grain or seed sample. The previous system consisted of the moisture meter and measurement procedure being controlled via USB interface by an external laptop or PC. Though effective, the system lacked full portability and was susceptible to computer failure and interruptions in communication between the meter and computer. To improve the system, a microcontroller was selected in the design of an embedded system for the moisture meter, making it a stand-alone system. The microcontroller provides a graphical 144 x 32 pixel LCD and 16-button keypad to facilitate user interaction. The embedded system provides the following functionalities: user interface (input/output), event execution, process control, data acquisition and data storage. The integration of the embedded system with the microwave meter provides a portable, robust, and cost-effective solution for microwave moisture sensing. C1 [Lewis, Micah] Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Trabelsi, Samir] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lewis, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM micahlew@uga.edu; Samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1558-058X BN 978-1-61284-738-2 J9 IEEE SOUTHEASTCON PY 2011 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWX35 UT WOS:000295256200021 ER PT J AU Espinoza, O Buehlmann, U Bumgardner, M Smith, B AF Espinoza, Omar Buehlmann, Urs Bumgardner, Matthew Smith, Bob TI ASSESSING CHANGES IN THE US HARDWOOD SAWMILL INDUSTRY WITH A FOCUS ON MARKETS AND DISTRIBUTION SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hardwood lumber; Hardwood sawmills; Hardwood distribution channels; Supply chain ID NONRESPONSE BIAS; FURNITURE INDUSTRY; COMPETITION; IMPACTS AB The U.S. hardwood sawmilling industry has experienced significant changes over the past decade. A slowing housing industry, competition from imported products, higher transportation costs, and high stumpage prices have changed the business of manufacturing and marketing hardwood lumber. Also, hardwood lumber buyers are changing their business practices by shortening lead times, requiring a more customized product, and buying smaller lumber quantities to cut costs and increase operational flexibility. A survey of hardwood lumber manufacturers was conducted in the fall of 2009 to assess changes and adaptations within the industry. Among respondents, average hardwood lumber sales decreased by 13.2 percent during the study's focus period from 2004 to 2008. Respondents also identified a change in customer demand with smaller, more frequent orders becoming more common. Moreover, the species mix shifted, with red oak losing considerable market share. Intermediaries, such as hardwood lumber distributors, were able to capture more of the industry's business. Respondents identified the slowing housing market and high energy costs as major factors affecting their businesses. While the survey's responses reflected the extremely challenging economic conditions, industry participants are aggressively adapting their businesses and pursuing new opportunities with the understanding that markets will eventually recover. C1 [Espinoza, Omar; Buehlmann, Urs; Smith, Bob] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Espinoza, O (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM omar.espinoza@vt.edu FU Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State; Private Forestry, U.S. Forest Service FX The work upon which this publication is based was funded in part through a grant awarded by the Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, U.S. Forest Service. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 BP 2676 EP 2689 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 833EL UT WOS:000295864500031 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT Uchimiya, M Lima, IM Boihem, LL AF Klasson, K. Thomas Uchimiya, Minori Lima, Isabel M. Boihem, Larry L., Jr. TI FEASIBILITY OF REMOVING FURFURALS FROM SUGAR SOLUTIONS USING ACTIVATED BIOCHARS MADE FROM AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Sugar; acid hydrolysis; inhibitors; activated biochar; furfural; biofuels; furans ID BAGASSE HEMICELLULOSE HYDROLYSATE; XYLITOL PRODUCTION; CANDIDA-GUILLIERMONDII; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ADSORPTION; PRETREATMENT; CARBON; DETOXIFICATION; NANOFILTRATION AB Lignocellulosic feedstocks are often prepared for ethanol fermentation by treatment with a dilute mineral acid catalyst that hydrolyzes the hemicellulose and possibly cellulose into soluble carbohydrates. The acid-catalyzed reaction scheme is sequential, whereby the released monosaccharides are further degraded to furans and other chemicals that are inhibitory to the subsequent fermentation step. This work tests the use of agricultural residues (e. g., plant waste) as starting materials for making activated biochars to adsorb these degradation products. Results show that both furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are adsorbed by phosphoric acid-activated and steam-activated biochars prepared from residues collected from cotton and linen production. Best results were obtained with steam-activated biochars. The activated biochars adsorbed about 14% (by weight) of the furfurals at an equilibrium concentration of 0.5 g/L, and by adding 2.5% of char to a sugar solution, with either furfural or HMF (at 1 g/L), 99% of the furans were removed. C1 [Klasson, K. Thomas; Uchimiya, Minori; Lima, Isabel M.; Boihem, Larry L., Jr.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM thomas.klasson@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 BP 3242 EP 3251 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 833EL UT WOS:000295864500075 ER PT J AU Parks, SA Parisien, MA Miller, C AF Parks, Sean A. Parisien, Marc-Andre Miller, Carol TI Multi-scale evaluation of the environmental controls on burn probability in a southern Sierra Nevada landscape SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire regime; fuels; ignitions; spatial scale; topography ID MIXED CONIFER FOREST; LOW-SEVERITY FIRE; BOREAL FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS; LIGHTNING FIRE; WILDLAND FIRE; NORTH-AMERICA; SPATIAL SCALE; NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION AB We examined the scale-dependent relationship between spatial fire likelihood or burn probability (BP) and some key environmental controls in the southern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Continuous BP estimates were generated using a fire simulation model. The correspondence between BP (dependent variable) and elevation, ignition density, fuels and aspect was evaluated at incrementally increasing spatial scales to assess the importance of these explanatory variables in explaining BP. Results indicate the statistical relationship between BP and explanatory variables fluctuates across spatial scales, as does the influence of explanatory variables. However, because of high covariance among these variables, it was necessary to control for their shared contribution in order to extract their 'unique' contribution to BP. At the finest scale, fuels and elevation exerted the most influence on BP, whereas at broader scales, fuels and aspect were most influential. Results also showed that the influence of some variables tended to mask the true effect of seemingly less important variables. For example, the relationship between ignition density and BP was negative until we controlled for elevation, which led to a more meaningful relationship where BP increased with ignition density. This study demonstrates the value of a multi-scale approach for identifying and characterising mechanistic controls on BP that can often be blurred by strong but correlative relationships. C1 [Parks, Sean A.; Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Parisien, Marc-Andre] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T5H 3S5, Canada. RP Parks, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM sean_parks@fs.fed.us; marc-andre.parisien@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 06-4-1-04] FX We acknowledge funding from the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP 06-4-1-04. We thank Brandon Collins, Brett Davis, Sandra Haire, Meg Krawchuk and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that significantly improved this manuscript. We also thank Mark Finney and Alan Ager for their computer support and help with the Randig model. NR 73 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 7 BP 815 EP 828 DI 10.1071/WF10051 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 837KM UT WOS:000296200700001 ER PT J AU Wenk, ES Wang, GG Walker, JL AF Wenk, Evelyn S. Wang, G. Geoff Walker, Joan L. TI Within-stand variation in understorey vegetation affects fire behaviour in longleaf pine xeric sandhills SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire temperature; fuel complex; fuel heterogeneity; turkey oak; wiregrass ID HARDWOOD REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; FINE-SCALE PATCHINESS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEM; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SURFACE FIRES; TEMPERATURE; FUELS AB The frequent fires typical of the longleaf pine ecosystem in the south-eastern USA are carried by live understorey vegetation and pine litter. Mature longleaf pine stands in the xeric sandhills region have a variable understorey vegetation layer, creating several fuel complexes at the within-stand scale (20 m(2)). We identified three fuel complexes found in frequently burned stands on the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge, and used prescribed fire to test whether distinct sets of fire conditions were associated with each fuel complex. Study plots were dominated by either turkey oak or wiregrass in the understorey, or lacked understorey vegetation and contained only longleaf pine litter. Turkey oak-dominated plots had the highest fuel loads, and during burns they had higher total net heat flux than wiregrass- or longleaf pine litter-dominated plots, and longer burn durations than wiregrass-dominated plots. Across all plots, the quantity of litter fragments had the greatest effect on fire temperature and duration of burn. These results show that the patchy understorey vegetation within longleaf pine stands will create heterogeneous fires, and areas dominated by turkey oak may have increased fire intensity and soil heating compared with the other two fuel complexes. C1 [Wenk, Evelyn S.; Wang, G. Geoff] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Walker, Joan L.] Clemson Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Wang, GG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gwang@clemson.edu FU Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge; Wade Stackhouse Graduate Fellowship FX We are grateful for the support and assistance of the staff on the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge. Addition support for E.S. Wenk came from the Wade Stackhouse Graduate Fellowship. We thank B. Mudder for help in the field and P. Gerard for advice on statistical analyses. This paper is Technical Contribution 5921 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. We appreciated the valuable comments and suggestions provided by three anonymous reviewers. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 34 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 7 BP 866 EP 875 DI 10.1071/WF10087 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 837KM UT WOS:000296200700006 ER PT J AU Bower, AD Aitken, SN AF Bower, A. D. Aitken, S. N. TI Changes in Genetic Diversity of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) Associated with Inbreeding and White Pine Blister Rust Infection SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE whitebark pine; Pinus albicaulis; white pine blister rust; genetic diversity; isozymes; inbreeding; cohort analysis; heterozygosity ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MATING SYSTEM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; OUTCROSSING RATE; DYNAMICS; FOREST; HETEROZYGOSITY; MONTICOLA AB We investigated the association of inbreeding and infection by the introduced disease white pine blister rust (caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch) with genetic diversity of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) by genetically comparing cohorts of different ages in natural stands. Isozyme analysis of bud tissue was used to estimate expected and observed heterozygosity (H(e) and H(o)), and Wright's fixation index (F(is)) for three age cohorts (seedling, young, and mature), sampled from 14 sites in British Columbia, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. Comparison of genetic diversity parameters among cohorts within a site was used to assess the extent and persistence of inbreeding with age, while comparisons of parameters among sites within a cohort were used to assess the impact of the disease on genetic diversity. Significant evidence of inbreeding (F(is) > 0) was found in all age cohorts. When sites were stratified by level of blister rust infection, differences in F(is) and H(o) among cohorts were only significant when level of infection was low. A significant negative association was found between level of blister rust infection and H(o) in the mature cohort. This suggests that when differential selection due to blister rust is weak, more heterozygous individuals may be favored; however, more homozygous individuals may have higher fitness under higher blister rust levels C1 [Bower, A. D.; Aitken, S. N.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Ctr Forest Conservat Genet, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Bower, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1835 Black Lake Blvd SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM abower@fs.fed.us FU British Columbia Forestry Investment Account through the Forest Genetics Council of B.C. FX The authors thank the USDA Forest Service regions 1, and 6, the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, B.C. Parks E. C. Manning and Tweedsmuir Provincial Parks, and BOB BRETT of Snow line Ecological Consulting, Whistler, B.C. for providing seed for this study. DOROTHY WATSON, DANE SZOHNER, JODIE KRAKOWSKI, and MILENA SEMPRONI helped in the field and lab and CHRISTINE CHOURMOUZIS created the map. Funding for this study came from the British Columbia Forestry Investment Account through the Forest Genetics Council of B.C. to the Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics. Thank you to Drs. MICHAEL WHITLOCK, ALVIN YANCHUK, JEANETTE WHITTON, ANDREW ECKERT, JEFF MITTON, and SIERRA MCLANE for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2011 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 839XR UT WOS:000296403300005 ER PT S AU Kandala, CV Sundaram, J Settaluri, V Puppala, N AF Kandala, Chari V. Sundaram, Jaya Settaluri, Vijayasaradhi Puppala, Naveen BE LeVanPaul, D Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Razeghi, M Vizcaino, JLP Sudharsanan, R Ulmer, MP Manzur, T TI Non Destructive Analysis of In-Shell Peanuts for Moisture Content using a custom built NIR Spectrometer. SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS AND SINGLE PHOTON IMAGING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications and Single Photon Imaging II CY AUG 22-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE In-shell Peanuts; NIR spectroscopy; Pretreatments; Partial Least Square; Standard Error of Prediction; Relative Percent Deviation ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; SEED; OIL AB A Custom made NIR spectroscope was used to determine the moisture content of in-shell peanuts of two different market type peanuts namely Virginia and Valencia. Peanuts were conditioned to different moisture levels between 6 and 26 % (wet basis). Samples from the different moisture levels were separated into two groups one for calibration and the other for validation. NIR absorption spectral data from 1000 nm to 2500 nm were collected on the peanuts from the calibration and validation groups. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Reference moisture data were developed using standard air-oven method on calibration set samples. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration set with certain pretreatments on the measured data and models were developed using the reference moisture data. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) and R-2 of the calibration models were computed to select the best calibration model for each of the two peanut types. Both Valencia and Virginia types gave R-2 of 0.99 for the pretreated as well as for the raw spectral data. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sample set. Predicted moisture contents of the validation samples were compared with their air-oven moisture values determined similarly as for the calibration samples. Goodness of fit was determined based on the lowest Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and highest R-2 value obtained for the prediction models. The model, with reflectance plus normalization spectral data with an SEP of 0.74 for Valencia and 1.57 for Virginia type in-shell peanuts was selected as the best model. The corresponding R-2 values were 0.98 for both peanut types. C1 [Kandala, Chari V.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA USA. RP Kandala, CV (reprint author), ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA USA. EM chari.kandala@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-765-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8155 AR 81550E DI 10.1117/12.899506 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXF58 UT WOS:000295966100012 ER PT J AU Chung, HY McClure, MC AF Chung, H. Y. McClure, Matthew Charles TI Effects of SNPs from the differentially expressed swine odorant binding protein gene on average daily gain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE swine; odorant binding protein; mapping; real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); SNP ID PIGS; CHROMOSOME-7; GROWTH AB The objective of this study was to analyse genetic mutations in the swine odorant binding protein (OBP), map them on the swine genome, and to investigate the association between genetic variants and growth traits. The tissue sample of intramuscular fat from 10 individuals for each growth stage (0, 90, 150, and 210 days) was used to analyse expression levels of OBP gene, resulting in the highest expression levels at day 90. Sequencing analysis of 307 purebred Yorkshire pigs revealed eight single nucleotide polymorphisms, and the sequence was submitted into the GenBank with an accession number (FJ222446). The SNPs at positions 333 and 508 located in an intron region accounted for significant variation of average daily gain. The analysis of radiation hybrid mapping confirmed a location of the swine OBP gene on chromosome 7 between markers S0064 (475.6 cM) and S0025 (497.4 cM) based on the Sus scrofa radiation hybrid and United States Department of Agriculture swine maps. It is concluded that the identified single nucleotide polymorphism may be used as a useful genetic marker associated with average daily gain. C1 [Chung, H. Y.] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Cheonan, South Korea. [McClure, Matthew Charles] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Chung, HY (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Cheonan, South Korea. EM chung133@rda.go.kr FU National Institute of Animal Science FX This work was supported by National Institute of Animal Science, and this experiment was a contributing internal project 'Identification of SNPs by differentially expressed proteins in growing stages'. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0971-2119 J9 J APPL ANIM RES JI J. Appl. Anim. Res. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1080/09712119.2011.565221 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 838GX UT WOS:000296276500014 ER PT J AU Wynveen, CJ Kyle, GT Absher, JD Theodori, GL AF Wynveen, Christopher J. Kyle, Gerard T. Absher, James D. Theodori, Gene L. TI The Meanings Associated with Varying Degrees of Attachment to a Natural Landscape SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Place meaning; place attachment; mixed-methods ID PLACE ATTACHMENT; SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; SENSE; COMMUNITY; IDENTITY; ENVIRONMENT; ATTITUDE; CONTEXT; OWNERS; POWER AB There has been little research concerning the association between "place meanings" and "place attachment." An understanding of the association between these constructs is important because they do not stand alone, but rather, complement one another. We documented the meanings ascribed to a national forest in California by five groups of respondents that varied in their mode and attachment intensity to the setting. For example, respondents with high-attachment intensity ascribed meanings related to memories of shared experiences and sense of comfort; whereas the low-attachment respondents were distinguished by the brevity of their narratives. The findings provide a more nuanced understanding of how individuals' level of place attachment is manifested in the way in which they understand and experience the setting. C1 [Wynveen, Christopher J.] Baylor Univ, HHPR, Recreat & Leisure Serv, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Kyle, Gerard T.] Texas A&M Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Absher, James D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. [Theodori, Gene L.] Sam Houston State Univ, Huntsville, TX USA. RP Wynveen, CJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, HHPR, Recreat & Leisure Serv, 1 Bear Pl 97313, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM chris_wynveen@baylor.edu OI Wynveen, Christopher/0000-0002-5217-6505 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSOC PI ASHBURN PA 22377 BELMONT RIDGE RD, ASHBURN, VA 20148-4501 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 290 EP 311 PG 22 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 837NS UT WOS:000296211100007 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, TW Brown, ML Rosentrater, KA AF Schaeffer, Travis W. Brown, Michael L. Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Effects of Dietary Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Soybean Meal on Extruded Pellet Characteristics and Growth Responses of Juvenile Yellow Perch SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; ETHANOL COPRODUCTS; CHANNEL CATFISH; FISH-MEAL; NILE TILAPIA; REPLACEMENT; PROTEIN; FLUVIATILIS; REQUIREMENT AB A 126-d feeding trial was performed to investigate graded combinations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal (SBM) in diets formulated for yellow perch Perca flavescens. Six experimental diets contained DDGS and SBM at 0 and 31.5% (dry matter basis), respectively (0/31.5 diet), 10 and 26% (10/26), 20 and 20.5% (20/20.5), 30 and 15% (30/15), 40 and 9.5% (40/9.5), and 50 and 4% (50/4) to obtain similar levels of crude protein (mean +/- SE = 30.1 +/- 0.2%), crude lipid (16.7 +/- 0.7%), and digestible energy (13.5 +/- 0.2 kJ/g). Fourteen fish (initial individual weight = 19.1 +/- 0.5 g) were randomly selected and stocked into each of twenty-four 110-L tanks (4 replicate tanks/diet). Common biological and mechanical filter systems were used to recirculate the water and maintain similar water quality. Fish that received the 40/9.5 diet exhibited the highest apparent absolute weight gain and percent weight gain, while fish that were fed the 10/26, 20/20.5, 30/15, and 40/9.5 diets exhibited similar absolute weight gain. Fish that were given the 20/20.5, 30/15, and 40/9.5 diets also exhibited similar percent weight gain. Fulton's condition factor and apparent protein digestibility were significantly lower and higher, respectively, for fish that received the 50/4 diet than for all other treatment groups. Crude protein and crude lipid levels in muscle samples did not significantly differ among treatment groups. Results indicated that yellow perch can utilize DDGS plus SBM at a combined inclusion level of up to 49.5% without negative effects on growth. The mechanical strength and color of the extruded pellets were related to the level of DDGS plus SBM in the feed blends. Hepatosomatic indices were correlated with pellet color, while protein digestibility decreased with increasing pellet strength. C1 [Schaeffer, Travis W.; Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Michael.Brown@sdstate.edu FU Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North-Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, SDSU; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, SDSU FX We thank the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings; the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North-Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings; the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, SDSU; and the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, SDSU, for financial support and use of equipment and facilities. We also gratefully acknowledge Sharon Nichols, Christine Keierleber, and Ferouz Ayadi for their help in the extrusion of experimental feeds. This study was performed in compliance with the SDSU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (07-E016). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.593461 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UT UT WOS:000296139800003 ER PT J AU Forster, IP Bechtel, P Dominy, WG Lane, S Avena, R Ju, ZY Conquest, L AF Forster, Ian P. Bechtel, Peter Dominy, Warren G. Lane, Sandro Avena, Roberto Ju, Zhi Yong Conquest, Lytha TI Use of Fish Hydrolysates and Fish Meal Byproducts of the Alaskan Fishing Industry in Diets for Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID AQUACULTURE; PROTEIN; SILAGE; BOONE AB We determined the suitability of four fish hydrolysates and two fish meals (Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepus and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias; all derived from byproducts of the Alaskan fishing industry) as replacements for menhaden fish meal in shrimp diets. A control diet (30% crude protein; 8.5% crude lipid) was produced with menhaden meal (13% of diet). Experimental diets were manufactured by using each hydrolysate or fish meal to replace 50% of the menhaden meal on an isonitrogenous basis. Each diet was fed to Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in an outdoor, zero-water-exchange system for 8 weeks. Final weight, survival, feed efficiency, and growth rate were compared among treatments by analysis of variance. The final weights and growth of Pacific white shrimp fed two of the hydrolysates (one acidified to pH 3.8 and left in a liquid state; the other acidified, then neutralized to pH 6.5 and drum-dried) and the two fish meals were not different from those of shrimp fed the control diet. Shrimp that were given the other two hydrolysates (one acidified to pH 3.8 and then drum-dried; the other hydrolyzed [but not acidified] and then drum-dried) had lower final weights and growth than shrimp fed the control diet. These data indicate that the two fish meals and two of the hydrolysates in this trial can replace 50% of menhaden meal in diets for shrimp, although there is some loss of growth potential in some cases. The lack of a diet effect on feed efficiency indicates that the growth differences were mostly the result of differences in feed intake rather than nutritional quality. C1 [Forster, Ian P.; Dominy, Warren G.; Ju, Zhi Yong; Conquest, Lytha] Ocean Inst, Aquat Feeds & Nutr Dept, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Bechtel, Peter] ARS, USDA, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Lane, Sandro] Alaska Prot Recovery LLC, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Avena, Roberto] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Forster, IP (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. EM ian.forster@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service [58-5341-4-591]; University of Alaska-Fairbanks [UAF-05-0039] FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service through Grant Number 58-5341-4-591 and through Specific Cooperative Agreement UAF-05-0039 with the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.598371 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UT UT WOS:000296139800006 ER PT J AU Green, BW Rawles, SD AF Green, Bartholomew W. Rawles, Steven D. TI Comparative Production of Channel Catfish and Channel x Blue Hybrid Catfish Subjected to Two Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID EARTHEN PONDS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FEED-EFFICIENCY; GROWTH; DENSITIES; TRAITS; YIELD; CONSUMPTION; TOLERANCE AB The effect of daily minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the growth and yield of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and channel catfish hybrids (female channel catfish x male blue catfish I. furcatus) sharing the Jubilee strain of channel catfish as the maternal parent was evaluated in a 234-d study in sixteen 0.1-ha earthen ponds (15,113 fish/ha). Ponds were managed to maintain a minimum DO concentration of 25% or 50% of saturation. The total consumption of 32%-protein feed at the high and low DO concentrations was 12,973 and 10,262 kg/ha, respectively, for channel catfish and 12,805 and 11,592 kg/ha, respectively, for hybrid catfish. The net yield of hybrid catfish (8,069 kg/ha) did not differ from that of channel catfish (8,037 kg/ha), but the mean individual weight of hybrid catfish was significantly greater. Net yield (8,740 kg/ha), individual weight (0.75 kg/fish), and feed consumption (12,889 kg/ha) were higher for fish in the high DO than in the low DO concentration treatment (7,366 kg/ha, 0.65 kg/fish, and 10,927 kg/ha, respectively). Net yield, individual weight, and feed consumption for channel catfish were 22, 23, and 21% lower, respectively, for the low-DO treatment than for the high-DO treatment, whereas the respective differences for the hybrid catfish were 10, 4, and 10%. Growth did not differ between fish genetic groups but was faster in the high-DO treatment. Channel catfish grew faster in the high-DO treatment, whereas the growth of hybrid catfish did not differ with respect to DO concentration. C1 [Green, Bartholomew W.; Rawles, Steven D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Green, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, 2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM bart.green@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.602266 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UT UT WOS:000296139800009 ER PT J AU Rotman, FJ Riche, M Van Wyk, P Benetti, DD AF Rotman, Federico J. Riche, Marty Van Wyk, Peter Benetti, Daniel D. TI Efficacy of a Commercial Probiotic Relative to Oxytetracycline as Gram-Negative Bacterial Control Agents in a Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Batch Culture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; MARINE LARVICULTURE; LARVAL HUSBANDRY; JUVENILE STAGES; MASS-CULTURE; GROWTH; AQUACULTURE; ARTEMIA AB Two trials were conducted to evaluate two gram-negative bacterial control strategies in batch cultures of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. In the first trial, rotifers at an initial density of 47/mL were cultured for 5 d and dosed with a 10-mg/L solution of either oxytetracycline or a commercial probiotic consisting principally of Bacillus and Lactobacillus. In the second trial, rotifers at an initial density of 140/mL were cultured for 4 d and dosed with 20-mg/L solutions of oxytetracycline or the probiotic. Rotifer density, egg counts, and egg : female ratios were determined daily. At the termination of trial 1 and on days 0, 2, and 4 of trial 2, counts of bacterial colonies were conducted to estimate bacterial loads in the rotifer culture water. Oxytetracycline was an effective antimicrobial and enhanced rotifer production in the higher-density culture but had only a marginal effect on production in the lower-density culture. Conversely, inoculation of the low-density culture with the probiotic had no effect on rotifer production. Inoculation of the high-density culture adversely affected rotifer production by increasing mortality and reproductive inhibition. C1 [Riche, Marty] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Rotman, Federico J.; Benetti, Daniel D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Van Wyk, Peter] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5600 US Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM marty.riche@ars.usda.gov FU Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute; USDA Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-002-00D] FX The authors thank the staff of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute for providing support and the facilities necessary for this study. This project was funded in part by USDA Agricultural Research Service Project Number 6225-63000-002-00D. A special thanks to Megan Davis, Susan Allen, and Hassan Sebti for technical support and assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, or handicap. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.603968 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UT UT WOS:000296139800014 ER PT J AU Miladinovic, J Burton, JW Tubic, SB Miladinovic, D Djordjevic, V Djukic, V AF Miladinovic, Jegor Burton, Joe W. Tubic, Svetlana Balesevic Miladinovic, Dragana Djordjevic, Vuk Djukic, Vojin TI Soybean breeding: comparison of the efficiency of different selection methods SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Breeding; genetic gain; soybean ID RECURRENT SELECTION; SEED YIELD; POPULATIONS; LINES; PEDIGREE; PROTEIN; BULK; OIL AB The following study was conducted in order to compare the modified single-seed descent method of selection used in soybean breeding at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia, with the standard bulk method and the pedigree method. The source materials for the development of hybrid populations were 15 genotypes, and a total of 10 cross combinations were made. Comparison of the lines developed by the different breeding methods was done in the F6 generation. Genetic gain from selection was taken as the main indicator of efficiency of the tested methods. The modified single-seed descent method produced the best results. In most cases, the mean values for seed yield of the populations developed by that method were significantly higher than the values shown in the populations developed by the other 2 methods. The advantages of using genetic gain as the indicator of breeding efficiency were clearly demonstrated when interpreting the results for seed yield and yield components. Populations possessing desirable traits were easier to perceive, which is exceedingly useful when breeding for a complex trait such as yield. C1 [Miladinovic, Jegor; Tubic, Svetlana Balesevic; Miladinovic, Dragana; Djordjevic, Vuk; Djukic, Vojin] Inst Field & Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Burton, Joe W.] USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Miladinovic, J (reprint author), Inst Field & Vegetable Crops, M Gorkog 30, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. EM jegor.miladinovic@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-011X J9 TURK J AGRIC FOR JI Turk. J. Agric. For. PY 2011 VL 35 IS 5 BP 469 EP 480 DI 10.3906/tar-1011-1474 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 836KY UT WOS:000296111800003 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L Mahanil, S Gadoury, DM Kozma, P Reisch, BI AF Cadle-Davidson, L. Mahanil, S. Gadoury, D. M. Kozma, P. Reisch, B. I. TI Natural infection of Run1-positive vines by naive genotypes of Erysiphe necator SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE powdery mildew; disease resistance; molecular markers ID RESISTANCE GENE ANALOGS; GRAPEVINE; MILDEW; SELECTION; MARKERS AB The Run1 locus for dominant resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) has been successfully introgressed into Euvitis from Vitis rotundifolia. In the current study, Run1 vines were hybridized with breeding lines at Cornell University, and the presence of the locus was assayed using the markers GLP1-12 and VMC8g9. Signs of powdery mildew were observed on 14 of 113 Run1-positive seedlings in October 2010 in Geneva, N.Y. Severity of infection was lower for Run1-positive than for Run1-negative seedlings. Presence of mature cleistothecia suggested infection by at least two pathogen genotypes, which since V rotundifolia is not grown within 800+ km of Geneva, N.Y., evolved from a pathogen population naive to Run1 resistance. Therefore, caution in the deployment of the Run1 locus in new resistant cultivars is suggested so the effectiveness of Run1 does not diminish over time. C1 [Reisch, B. I.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Cadle-Davidson, L.; Mahanil, S.] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. [Cadle-Davidson, L.; Gadoury, D. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY USA. [Kozma, P.] Univ Pecs, Res Inst Viticulture & Enol, Pecs, Hungary. RP Reisch, BI (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM bruce.reisch@cornell.edu FU USDA Viticulture Consortium-East; New York Wine and Grape Foundation; Lake Erie Regional Grape Processor's Fund FX We thank S. LUCE and P. WALLACE for expert technical assistance. I. DRY and A. FEECHAN provided thoughtful comments on the draft manuscript. This work was partially funded by the USDA Viticulture Consortium-East, the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, and Lake Erie Regional Grape Processor's Fund. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU JKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNG PI SIEBELDINGEN PA GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PY 2011 VL 50 IS 4 BP 173 EP 175 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 835XQ UT WOS:000296070700006 ER PT J AU Vogt, F Luttrell, RD Rodgers, J AF Vogt, Frank Luttrell, Robert D. Rodgers, James TI NEW APPROACHES FOR FIELD ANALYSES OF COTTON QUALITY BY MEANS OF NEAR-IR SPECTROSCOPY SUPPORTED BY CHEMOMETRICS SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cotton quality; 2nd Derivative spectroscopy; Field-analyses; Micronaire; NIR-spectroscopy; Principal component regression (PCR) ID DIFFERENTIATION; CALIBRATION AB There is a strong economic interest in routine measurements of cotton quality as production processes and final products depend on it. An important cotton property is "micronaire," a parameter that is indicative of the fibers' maturity and its fineness. Currently, micronaire is normally measured in laboratories with equipment that prohibits routine field analyses. The goal of this study is a proof-of-principle demonstrating that cotton quality as determined via fiber micronaire is correlated to fiber properties and that these properties can be determined by near-infrared (NIR) reflection spectroscopy using portable instrumentation in conjunction with Principal Component Regression for micronaire prediction. A set of 191 cotton samples was acquired from over 100 different upland cotton varieties, and initial spectroscopic studies confirmed the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy to measure cotton micronaire in the laboratory with portable NIR instrumentation. Sample reproducibility was an issue which has been resolved with two approaches, that is, model spectral artifacts, mainly baseline shifts, by means of chemometric calibrations or application of second derivative spectroscopy to suppress baseline drifts. Results from this study demonstrated in up to 90% of the test samples that the micronaire values fall into the acceptance range. Thus, a promising new approach for field analyses is on the horizon and has been assessed in this study. Further, the acceptance range could be reduced to +/- 0.2 m.u. and still >= 70% of the samples fell inside the restricted acceptance range. Up to 60% of the samples fell inside an acceptance range of +/- 0.1 m.u. C1 [Rodgers, James] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Vogt, Frank] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Luttrell, Robert D.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Chem, Salisbury, MD USA. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM james.rodgers@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2011 VL 44 IS 15 BP 2466 EP 2477 DI 10.1080/00032719.2011.551855 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 833YF UT WOS:000295920700005 ER PT J AU Browning, DM Laliberte, AS Rango, A AF Browning, Dawn M. Laliberte, Andrea S. Rango, Albert TI Temporal dynamics of shrub proliferation: linking patches to landscapes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cross-scale analysis; shrub encroachment; object-oriented classification; Jornada Experimental Range; patch dynamics ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; AFRICAN SAVANNAS; WOODY COVER; ENCROACHMENT; SCALE; CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SYSTEMS AB Shifts in vegetation composition and cover are the result of processes acting at different levels such as landscapes, hill slopes, or plant interspaces. Analytical approaches designed for discrete objects which are based upon the inherently hierarchical nature of complex systems are well suited to research applications conducted across spatial scales. We quantified spatial and temporal vegetation dynamics over 71 years at three spatial scales, landscape, plot, and patch, in a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem in southern New Mexico, USA, using object-based analysis. We analyzed time series aerial photography from 1937 to 2008 to include automated image analysis at the landscape scale and manual delineation of shrub image objects at the patch scale. We sought to identify patch mechanisms associated with changes in shrub patch density and percent cover by characterizing structural changes in individual shrub patches from one image to the next in the time series. The classification scheme captured colonization by new shrub patches, growth or decline in patch area, and patch stability (i.e., change in size of less than 15%). Patch growth was categorized as growth by coalescence with neighboring patches or canopy expansion. Similarly, patch decline was distinguished as either loss of patch area due to canopy dieback or fragmentation of conglomerate patches. Interpretations of change in patch density based solely on shrub colonization and mortality can be too simplistic. Increases in patch density can result from an influx of new patches or fragmentation of patches into its constituent patches; conversely, decreases in density may be due to mortality of patches or coalescence of existing patches. We demonstrate that patches grew in size at the beginning of the study in conjunction with increases in shrub cover (0.5% in 1937 to 11% in 1960) and patch density increased during the initial encroachment phase of shrub proliferation (4 patches ha(-1) in 1937 to 80 patches ha(-1) in 1960). Shrub cover remained stable at 7% from 1967 to 1989 and over this period, patch dynamics were broadly characterized by growth and persistence of patch area with roughly equal proportions of mortality and colonization. Shrub cover increased linearly from 8% in 1989 to 14% in 2008, approaching a projected maximum shrub cover of 18% based on mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 230 mm. Patch fate over this period constituted growth and persistence of shrub patch area whereas appearance of new patches remained relatively stable. Shrub patch dynamics were non-linear and variable over time. We documented the transition from grass-to shrub-dominated states with patch dynamics signifying a shifting mosaic in which shrub patch establishment, growth, and mortality wax and wane. Monitoring patch dynamics will become increasingly important in actively managed ecosystems as an important indicator of impending shifts in ecosystem structure and function. C1 [Browning, Dawn M.; Rango, Albert] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Laliberte, Andrea S.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Browning, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. EM dbrownin@nmsu.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation FX A. Moreno's dedication and hard work in digitizing and categorizing shrub patches is appreciated and recognized. C. Steele, B. Nolen, and S. Schrader shared insights and suggestions regarding geoprocessing challenges that arose during the course of this project. P. Gronemeyer assisted with assessing image classification accuracy. K. Havstad and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticisms that improved the quality of this work. This research was funded by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program, Jornada Basin LTER V: Landscape Linkages in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 SI SI BP 913 EP 930 DI 10.1080/13658816.2010.498789 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA 827YS UT WOS:000295467000004 ER PT J AU Muhammad, A Jones, KG AF Muhammad, Andrew Jones, Keithly G. TI Source-Based Preferences and U.S. Salmon Imports SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Imports; demand; source differentiation; salmon; Rotterdam model; United States ID ATLANTIC SALMON; EUROPEAN-UNION; DEMAND; MODEL; PRODUCTS; PRICES; FORM AB This study examined U.S. demand for salmon imports differentiated by source (Canada, Chile, and the rest of the world [ROW]), product cut (fillets and other salmon products), and form (fresh and frozen). The Rotterdam model was used in estimation, and source-aggregation tests were performed to determine the significance of source differentiation in analysis. We also performed separability tests to determine if import preferences were source-wise dependent or source independent. Test results strongly reject source aggregation; however, source-wise dependence could not be rejected. Furthermore, source-aggregated demand was significantly more price-elastic when compared to source-wise dependent demand. Results show that import preferences are not homogeneous across exporting countries, and there is significant information loss when source differentiation is not considered. C1 [Muhammad, Andrew; Jones, Keithly G.] Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Muhammad, A (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM amuhammad@ers.usda.gov; kjones@ers.usda.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 191 EP 209 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 831DS UT WOS:000295709500002 ER PT J AU Minnis, AM Rossman, AY Olsen, RT AF Minnis, Andrew M. Rossman, Amy Y. Olsen, Richard T. TI Mycosphaerella nyssicola revisited: a species distinct from M. punctiformis SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Asteromella nyssae; Dothideomycetes; lectotype; Phyllosticta nyssae ID GENUS MYCOSPHAERELLA; PHYLOGENY AB Nyssa trees involved in a breeding program for ornamentals were found to be affected deleteriously by a leaf spot disease. The causative agent was identified as a species of Mycosphaerella that had been classified as morphologically indistinguishable from M. punctiformis. A subsequent taxonomic investigation using morphological data from new and existing herbarium collections, cultural data, and ITS region rDNA sequences suggested that this was a distinct species on Nyssa that represents the previously described M. nyssicola. The species is lectotypified and epitypified to promote nomenclatural and taxonomic stability. C1 [Minnis, Andrew M.; Rossman, Amy Y.] ARS, Syst Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Olsen, Richard T.] ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Minnis, AM (reprint author), ARS, Syst Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Rm 128,B010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Drew.Minnis@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 115 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.5248/115.311 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 830US UT WOS:000295683300036 ER PT J AU Yun, HY Rossman, AY AF Yun, Hye Young Rossman, Amy Y. TI Tubakia seoraksanensis, a new species from Korea SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Diaporthales; Dicarpella; forest pathogen; Sordariomycetes ID DRYINA; NOV AB An unknown species of Tubakia was collected recently from Quercus mongolica on Seoraksan Mountain, GangWon Province, in Korea. This species was characterized with cultural, ITS region sequence, and morphological data. After comparison with known species of Tubakia, this species is here described as Tubakia seoraksanensis, sp. nov. C1 [Yun, Hye Young; Rossman, Amy Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yun, HY (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Rm 246,B010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rustfungi@gmail.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 115 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.5248/115.369 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 830US UT WOS:000295683300043 ER PT B AU Schmalz, PJ Fayram, AH Isermann, DA Newman, SP Edwards, CJ AF Schmalz, Patrick J. Fayram, Andrew H. Isermann, Daniel A. Newman, Steven P. Edwards, Clayton J. BE Barton, BA TI Harvest and Exploitation SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND CULTURE OF WALLEYE AND SAUGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; NORTHERN WISCONSIN LAKES; WALLEYE POPULATIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SUSTAINABLE-YIELD; LENGTH LIMITS; ANGLER EFFORT; BAG LIMIT; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT C1 [Schmalz, Patrick J.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Aitkin, MN 56431 USA. [Fayram, Andrew H.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Fisheries Management, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Isermann, Daniel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Newman, Steven P.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Woodruff, WI 54568 USA. [Edwards, Clayton J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Schmalz, PJ (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1200 Minnesota Ave, Aitkin, MN 56431 USA. NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-22-6 PY 2011 BP 375 EP 401 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BVR93 UT WOS:000292616800010 ER PT J AU Tapily, K Jakes, JE Gu, D Baumgart, H Elmustafa, AA AF Tapily, K. Jakes, J. E. Gu, D. Baumgart, H. Elmustafa, A. A. TI Nanomechanical study of amorphous and polycrystalline ALD HfO2 thin films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE atomic layer deposition; ALD; nanoindentation; high-k dielectrics; modulus; hardness; hafnium oxide; HfO2 ID DEPTH-SENSING INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; GATE DIELECTRICS; NANOINDENTATION; DEPOSITION; OXIDES; MOCVD; SILICATES; HARDNESS AB Thin films of hafnium oxide (HfO2) were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The structural properties of the deposited films were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We investigated the effect of phase transformations induced by thermal treatments on the mechanical properties of ALD HfO2 using nanoindentation. The elastic modulus of the amorphous low temperature deposited ALD HfO2 films was measured to be 370 +/- 20 GPa. Subsequent to crystallisation by annealing in a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) chamber, the elastic modulus dropped to 240 +/- 20 GPa. Similarly, the Meyer hardness decreased from a value of 18 +/- 1 GPa for amorphous HfO2 to 15 +/- 1 GPa following the transition temperature from amorphous to polycrystalline HfO2. C1 [Tapily, K.; Gu, D.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Tapily, K.; Gu, D.; Baumgart, H.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Jakes, J. E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Jakes, J. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Tapily, K (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM ktapi001@odu.edu; jjakes@fs.fed.us; dgu@odu.edu; hbaumgar@odu.edu; AELMUSTA@odu.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1749-785X J9 INT J SURF SCI ENG JI Int. J. Surf. Sci. Eng. PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2-3 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2011.041402 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 828XW UT WOS:000295539200008 ER PT J AU Mirjana, D Anderson, RC Karabasil, N Natasa, P Jovanovic, S Jelena, NT Teodorovic, V Maja, M Dojcinovic, S AF Mirjana, Dimitrijevic Anderson, R. C. Karabasil, N. Natasa, Pavlicevic Jovanovic, S. Jelena, Nedeljkovic Trailovic Teodorovic, V Maja, Markovic Dojcinovic, S. TI ENVIRONMENTAL PREVALENCE AND PERSISTENCE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN COLD-SMOKED TROUT PROCESSING PLANTS SO ACTA VETERINARIA-BEOGRAD LA English DT Article DE cold-smoked trout; Listeria monocytogenes; storage ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SMALL OUTBREAK; FISH; SALMON; CONTAMINATION; STRAINS; MEAT; INDUSTRY; ECOLOGY AB The presence of Listeria monocyto genes on the surfaces of equipment and worker's hands during different production stages, as well as on fish skin and meat during processing and storage of cold-smoked trout, was investigated. Listeria monocyto genes was recovered from 10 (6.06%) of a total 165 cotton-swabbed samples collected from the surfaces of equipment and worker's hands at two separate processing facilities. Of 105 samples collected from fish skin and meat during various production steps in both processing plants, 14 (13.33%) were confirmed culture-positive for L. monocyto genes, with recovery being most frequently in samples collected in the area before vacuum packaging. Recovery rates at two different Serbian processing plants did not differ (p<0.05), but suggested that different L. monocyto genes serotypes appeared to be resident within each processing plant and may have contributed to the final product contamination. From all smoked trout samples collected during 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at 4 degrees C only two were culture-positive for L. monocyto genes serotype 1/2a and both of these were collected on the 7(th) day of storage. Conversely, 4, 3 and 1 sample(s) were contaminated with L. monocyto genes serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b after 7, 14 and 21 days storage at 10 degrees C. Listeria monocyto genes was not recovered from smoked trout stored 28 days at 10 degrees C. Results emphasize the importance of adhering to strict hygienic and quality control standards throughout the processing environment. C1 [Mirjana, Dimitrijevic] Univ Belgrade, Dept Food Safety, Fac Vet Med, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Anderson, R. C.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Natasa, Pavlicevic] Vet Inst, Subotica, Serbia. [Dojcinovic, S.] Vet Inst Vaso Butozan, Banja Luka, Republic Of Srp, Russia. RP Mirjana, D (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Dept Food Safety, Fac Vet Med, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. EM mirjana@vet.bg.ac.rs NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU VETERINARY FACULTY, UNIV BEOGRADU PI BELGRADE PA BULEVAR OSLOBODENJA 18, 11000 BELGRADE, SERBIA SN 0567-8315 J9 ACTA VET-BEOGRAD JI Acta Vet.-Beogr. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 4 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.2298/AVB1104429D PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 826LF UT WOS:000295354900010 ER PT J AU Cousins, P AF Cousins, Peter TI Rootstock Hybrid Seedling Progenies of Rubired Winegrape Segregate for Red Leaf Color Potential SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cousins, Peter] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM peter.cousins@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 3 BP 405A EP 405A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 822DI UT WOS:000295023700084 ER PT J AU Shellie, K AF Shellie, Krista TI Defining Efficient Deficit Irrigation for Winegrape Cultivars Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon under Semiarid Conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shellie, Krista] USDA ARS, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM Krista.Shellie@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 3 BP 409A EP 409A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 822DI UT WOS:000295023700099 ER PT B AU Foulk, J Akin, D Dodd, R Ulven, C AF Foulk, Jonn Akin, Danny Dodd, Roy Ulven, Chad BE Kalia, S Kaith, BS Kaur, I TI Production of Flax Fibers for Biocomposites SO CELLULOSE FIBERS: BIO- AND NANO-POLYMER COMPOSITES: GREEN CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Characteristics; Composites; Coproducts; Decortication; Flax fiber; Harvesting; Production; Quality; Retting; Textiles ID RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; LINUM-USITATISSIMUM L.; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; NATURAL FIBERS; BAST FIBERS; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; SURFACE MODIFICATIONS AB Natural fibers for many and varied industrial uses are a current area of intense interest. Production of these fibers, furthermore, can add to farmer incomes and promote agricultural sustainability. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), which has been used for thousands of years, is unparalleled in supplying natural fibers for industrial applications as diverse as textiles and paper, providing high value linseed and fiber from a single plant, and maintaining sustainable agriculture in temperate and subtropical climates for summer or winter production, respectively. As a value-added replacement for glass fiber from a renewable resource, flax fiber is recyclable, biodegradable, and sustainable for the economy, ecology, and society. To the point, Daintier Chrysler reported that natural fibers for automotive components required 83% less energy and were 40% less expensive than glass fiber components. A better understanding of the fiber characteristics that influence composite performance could lead to the development of additives, coatings, binders, or sizing suitable for natural fiber and a variety of polymeric matrices. Stems of flax require retting to separate fiber from nonfiber components and rigorous mechanical cleaning to obtain industrial-grade fibers. Considerable work has been undertaken to improve the retting process using specific cell-free enzymes, especially pectinases, to control and tailor properties for industrial applications. Fiber processing and use in composites are affected by variables such as length, uniformity, strength, toughness, fineness, surface constituents, surface characteristics, and contaminants. One of the main concerns for the composite and other industries in incorporating natural fibers, such as flax, into production parts is the fiber variability resulting from crop diversity, retting quality, and different processing techniques. Standardized methods to assess flax fiber properties, therefore, are needed to maintain quality from crop to crop and provide a means to grade fibers for processing efficiency and applications. Other parts of the plant stalk, notably the waste shive and dust, can potentially be utilized as coproducts to offset costs for producing the major products of fiber and seed. C1 [Foulk, Jonn] ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Dodd, Roy] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Akin, Danny] Light Light Solut LLC, Athens, GA 30608 USA. [Ulven, Chad] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foulk, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Ravenel Ctr Room 10, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jonn.foulk@ars.usda.gov NR 173 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-17369-1 PY 2011 BP 61 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7 PG 35 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BVH80 UT WOS:000291580900003 ER PT B AU Bailey, BA Bae, H Melnick, R Crozier, J AF Bailey, Bryan A. Bae, Hanhong Melnick, Rachel Crozier, Jayne BE Pirttila, AM Frank, AC TI The Endophytic Trichoderma hamatum Isolate DIS 219b Enhances Seedling Growth and Delays the Onset of Drought Stress in Theobroma cacao SO ENDOPHYTES OF FOREST TREE: BIOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE Forestry Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE; NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; SP NOV.; PLANTS; TOLERANCE AB Theobroma cacao (cacao) is a tropical understory tree with sensitivity to drought. Cacao responds to drought by decreases in net photosynthesis, PS II efficiency, stomatal conductance, water potential and changes in leaf florescence. Drought also alters cacao gene expression as well as leaf glucose and free amino acid content. In recent years an incredible diversity of fungal endophytes has been identified in association with cacao. These endophytes are being studied for the benefits they provide to cacao including tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. During establishment of the endophytic association between cacao and fungal endophytes both plant and fungal gene expression are altered. The endophytic Trichoderma hamatum isolate DIS 219b delays the onset of drought stress in cacao. This delay manifests itself through enhanced root growth, maintenance of stomata] conductance, water potential, net photosynthesis, and PSII efficiency, changes in free amino acid concentrations, and a delay in drought-induced changes in leaf gene expression. The cacao plant and DIS 219b adapt to each other and this adaptation may contribute to the observed plant growth promotion and the delay in onset of drought stress. The increase in root growth is thought to increase water uptake and availability, delaying the time point where the water supply becomes limiting and drought stress occurs. C1 [Bailey, Bryan A.; Melnick, Rachel] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bae, Hanhong] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Gyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Crozier, Jayne] CATIE, CABI Caribbean & Latin Amer CATIE Off, Turrialba 7170, Cartago, Costa Rica. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bryan.Bailey@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1598-1 J9 FOR SCI PY 2011 VL 80 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1599-8_10 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BWO43 UT WOS:000294391600010 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Gonzalez-Caban, A Champ, J AF Loomis, John Gonzalez-Caban, Armando Champ, Joseph BE Bennett, J TI Testing the robustness of contingent valuation estimates of WTP to survey mode and treatment of protest responses SO INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK ON NON-MARKET ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMPROVEMENTS; EXISTENCE; ATTITUDE; GOODS; BIAS C1 [Loomis, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Loomis, John] Western Agr Econ Assoc, Park City, UT USA. [Gonzalez-Caban, Armando] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. [Champ, Joseph] Colorado State Univ, Dept Journalism & Tech Commun, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Champ, Joseph] Colorado State Univ, Intermediate Televis Prod Course, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-425-6 PY 2011 BP 102 EP 121 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA BWB84 UT WOS:000293382400006 ER PT S AU Spooner, DM AF Spooner, David M. BE Stuessy, TF Lack, HW TI The significance of fieldwork in monographic studies SO MONOGRAPHIC PLANT SYSTEMATICS: FUNDAMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY SE Regnum Vegetabile LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLLECTING EXPEDITION; MARSH PLANTS; GUIDE; SPECIMENS; POTATO; PRESERVATION; RESOURCES; TAXONOMY; DNA C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A R G GANTNER VERLAG K G PI KOENIGSTEIN PA C/O KOELTZ SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, PO BOX 1360, KOENIGSTEIN, D-61453, GERMANY SN 0080-0694 BN 978-3-906166-98-8 J9 REGNUM VEG JI Regnum Veg. PY 2011 VL 153 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BWR47 UT WOS:000294660500003 ER PT S AU Greenberg, CH Collins, B Thompson, FR McNab, WH AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Collins, Beverly Thompson, Frank R., III McNab, William Henry BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Introduction: What Are Early Successional Habitats, Why Are They Important, and How Can They Be Sustained? SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; OLD-FIELD SUCCESSION; FORESTS; DISTURBANCE; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; WOODY; FIRE AB There is a rising concern among natural resource scientists and managers about decline of the many plant and animal species associated with early successional habitats. There is no concise definition of early successional habitats. However, all have a well developed ground cover or shrub and young tree component, lack a closed, mature tree canopy, and are created or maintained by intense or recurring disturbances. Most ecologists and environmentalists agree that disturbances and early successional habitats are important to maintain the diverse flora and fauna native to deciduous eastern forests. Indeed, many species, including several listed as endangered, threatened, sensitive, or of management concern, require the openness and thick cover that early successional habitats can provide. Management of early successional habitats can be based on the "historic natural range of variation", or can involve active forest management based on goals. In this book, expert scientists and experienced land managers synthesize knowledge and original scientific work to address critical questions on many topics related to early successional habitats in the Central Hardwood Region. Our aim is to collate information about early successional habitats, to aid researchers and resource management professionals in their quest to sustain wildlife and plant species that depend on or utilize these habitats. C1 [Greenberg, Cathryn H.; McNab, William Henry] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Collins, Beverly] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Cullowhee, NC 28734 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us; collinsb@email.wcu.edu; frthompson@fs.fed.us; hmcnab@fs.fed.us; kgreenberg@fs.fed.us; frthompson@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200001 ER PT S AU McNab, WH AF McNab, William Henry BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Subregional Variation in Upland Hardwood Forest Composition and Disturbance Regimes of the Central Hardwood Region SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Oaks and hickories characterize the Central Hardwood Region, with its temperate, humid climate and deep soils. Several xerophytic species characterize stands on xeric sites; mesic sites usually have greater diversity of oaks and hickories and include maple, ash, beech, and yellow-poplar. Ice and wind storms are common disturbances across the region; wildland fires ignited by lightning are uncommon and generally confined to small, stand-size areas. Variable environmental conditions, topography, and forest species compositions from the eastern Appalachians to the western Ozarks can require different silvicultural prescriptions to create early successional habitats, even in stands of similar appearance. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP McNab, WH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM hmcnab@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_2 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200002 ER PT S AU Spetich, MA Perry, RW Harper, CA Clark, SL AF Spetich, Martin A. Perry, Roger W. Harper, Craig A. Clark, Stacy L. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Fire in Eastern Hardwood Forests Through 14,000 Years SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHESTNUT CASTANEA-DENTATA; EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; BOSTON MOUNTAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; OAK FOREST; SOIL CHARCOAL; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; LAND-USE AB Fire helped shape the structure and species composition of hardwood forests of the eastern United States over the past 14,000 years. Periodic fires were common in much of this area prior to European settlement, and fire-resilient species proliferated. Early European settlers commonly adopted Native American techniques of applying fire to the landscape. As the demand for wood products increased, large cutover areas were burned, sometimes leading to catastrophic fires and subsequent early successional habitats. By the early 1900s, these catastrophic fires resulted in political pressure leading to policies that severely restricted the use of fire. Fire suppression continued through the twentieth century due to an emphasis on commodity production and under-appreciation of the ecological role of fire. Without fire, fire-sensitive species were able to successfully outcompete fire-adapted species such as oak and pine while early successional habitats matured into older and more homogeneous forests. In the late twentieth century, land managers began reintroducing fire for ecosystem restoration, wildlife habitat improvement, hazardous fuel reduction, and forest regeneration. Responsible expanded use of prescribed fire and other management tools in the region could help mitigate past actions by increasing the amount and distribution of early successional habitats, plant and animal diversity, and landscape heterogeneity. C1 [Spetich, Martin A.; Perry, Roger W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Clark, Stacy L.] Univ Tennessee, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Spetich, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM mspetich@fs.fed.us; rperry03@fs.fed.us; charper@utk.edu; stacyclark@fs.fed.us NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200004 ER PT S AU Loftis, DL Schweitzer, CJ Keyser, TL AF Loftis, David L. Schweitzer, Callie J. Keyser, Tara L. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Structure and Species Composition of Upland Hardwood Communities After Regeneration Treatments Across Environmental Gradients SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; RED OAK; REPRODUCTION AB Early successional habitats can be created with a broad array of silvicultural techniques that remove all or most canopy trees in one to several cuttings and small to large patch sizes. Composition and early structural development of the resulting vegetation can be variable. Arborescent species composition is a function of regeneration sources already present and those that arrive during or after the cutting. The suite of species available for regeneration of a site, large or small, is a cumulative effect of disturbances and varies across multiple environmental gradients that include moisture, elevation (temperature), and soil chemistry. C1 [Loftis, David L.; Keyser, Tara L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Schweitzer, Callie J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Loftis, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM davidloftis@bellsouth.net; cschweitzer@fs.fed.us; tkeyser@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200005 ER PT S AU Shifley, SR Thompson, FR AF Shifley, Stephen R. Thompson, Frank R., III BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Amount of Young Forests and Implications for Biodiversity SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT AB Forest inventory data provide simple indicators of forest structural diversity in the form of forest age distributions and their change over time. A result of past land use and disturbance, more than half of the 51 million ha of forest in the Central Hardwood Region is between 40 and 80 years old and young forest up to 10 years old constitutes only 5.5% of the area. Simulations of a sustained level of management over time produce more uniform (flatter) age-class distributions. A management scenario designed to maintain about 7% of total forest area as young habitat results in a region-wide young forest deficit of one million ha relative to current conditions. However, management activities that create an average of 200 ha of additional young forest per county per year would be sufficient to erase that deficit. C1 [Shifley, Stephen R.; Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sshifley@fs.fed.us; frthompson@fs.fed.us; frthompson@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 73 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 23 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200006 ER PT S AU Elliott, KJ Harper, CA Collins, B AF Elliott, Katherine J. Harper, Craig A. Collins, Beverly BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Herbaceous Response to Type and Severity of Disturbance SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIXED-OAK FORESTS; CANOPY GAP CHARACTERISTICS; EARLY SUCCESSION HABITAT; SEASON PRESCRIBED FIRE; LAND-USE HISTORY; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; HARDWOOD FOREST; PINE FORESTS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY AB The herbaceous layer varies with topographic heterogeneity and harbors the great majority of plant diversity in eastern deciduous forests. We described the interplay between disturbances, both natural and human-caused, and composition, dynamics, and diversity of herbaceous vegetation, especially those in early successional habitats. Management actions that create low to moderate disturbance intensity can promote early successional species and increase diversity and abundance in the herb layer, although sustaining communities such as open areas, savannahs, and woodlands may require intensive management to control invasive species or implement key disturbance types. A mixture of silvicultural practices along a gradient of disturbance intensity will maintain a range of stand structures and herbaceous diversity throughout the central hardwood forest. C1 [Elliott, Katherine J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Forest Watershed Res,Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. [Harper, Craig A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN USA. [Collins, Beverly] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Forest Watershed Res,Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. EM kelliott@fs.fed.us; charper@utk.edu; collinsb@email.wcu.edu NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 97 EP 119 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_7 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 23 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200007 ER PT S AU Greenberg, CH Perry, RW Harper, CA Levey, DJ McCord, JM AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Perry, Roger W. Harper, Craig A. Levey, Douglas J. McCord, John M. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI The Role of Young, Recently Disturbed Upland Hardwood Forest as High Quality Food Patches SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; WARBLERS DENDROICA-CORONATA; SOUTHEASTERN PINE FOREST; OAK-HICKORY FOREST; FRUIT-EATING BIRDS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; HABITAT USE; SMALL MAMMALS; SOFT MAST; OUACHITA MOUNTAINS AB Young (1-10 year post-disturbance) upland hardwood forests function as high-quality food patches by providing abundant fruit, and nutritious foliage and flowers that attract pollinating and foliar arthropods and support high populations of small mammals that, in turn, are prey for numerous vertebrate predators. Reductions in basal area increase light penetration to the forest floor, which stimulates vegetative growth and promotes fruiting. Fruit biomass (dry edible pulp) can be 5 to nearly 50 times greater in young forest than mature forest as "pioneer" species, such as pokeweed and blackberry, ericaceous shrubs, various forbs and grasses, and stump sprouts of many tree species produce fruit. Forage production can increase substantially after disturbances that significantly reduce overstory basal area, such as timber harvests, heavy thinning, or intense prescribed fire. Hard mast (nut) production can be sustained in young forests if some mature, good mast-producing oak, hickory, or beech trees are retained. Balancing the creation of young, recently disturbed upland hardwood forests with the desired amount and distribution of other forest age-classes will sustain high-quality food patches for wildlife within a landscape context. C1 [Greenberg, Cathryn H.] US Forest Serv, Upland Hardwood Ecol & Management Res Work Unit, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Perry, Roger W.] US Forest Serv, So Pine Ecol & Management Res Work Unit, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Harper, Craig A.; McCord, John M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Levey, Douglas J.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Upland Hardwood Ecol & Management Res Work Unit, USDA, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us; rperry03@fs.fed.us; charper@utk.edu; dlevey@zoo.ufl.edu; jmccord3@utk.edu; kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 125 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 121 EP 141 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_8 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 21 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200008 ER PT S AU Franzreb, KE Oswalt, SN Buehler, DA AF Franzreb, Kathleen E. Oswalt, Sonja N. Buehler, David A. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Population Trends for Eastern Scrub-Shrub Birds Related to Availability of Small-Diameter Upland Hardwood Forests SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MISSOURI OZARK FORESTS; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; SUCCESSIONAL FORESTS; NESTING SUCCESS; NORTH-AMERICA; OF-WAYS; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE AB Early successional habitats are an important part of the forest landscape for supporting avian communities. As the frequency and extent of the anthropogenic disturbances have declined, suitable habitat for scrub-shrub bird species also has decreased, resulting in significant declines for many species. We related changes in the proportion and distribution of small-diameter upland hardwood forest throughout the eastern USA (US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data) with North American Breeding Bird Survey data (US Geological Survey) on population trends of 11 species that use early successional hardwood forest. The availability of small-diameter upland hardwood forest has changed over the past four decades, with the biggest differences seen as declines from the 1990s to the 2000s. Most scrub-shrub species also declined since the inception of the Breeding Bird Survey in 1966. The declines in most of the bird species, however, did not closely track the changes in small-diameter forest availability. Scrub-shrub birds use a variety of habitats that originate from a diverse array of disturbance sources. The total availability of these habitats across the region apparently limits the populations for these species. A comprehensive management strategy across all of these types is required to conserve these species. C1 [Franzreb, Kathleen E.] Univ Tennessee, Upland Hardwood Ecol & Management Res Work Unit, So Appalachian Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, USDA,US Forest Serv,So Res Stn,Dept Forestry Wild, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oswalt, Sonja N.] US Forest Serv, Resource Anal Team, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Franzreb, KE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Upland Hardwood Ecol & Management Res Work Unit, So Appalachian Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, USDA,US Forest Serv,So Res Stn,Dept Forestry Wild, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM franzreb@utk.edu; soswalt@fs.fed.us; DBuehler@utk.edu NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 143 EP 166 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_9 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 24 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200009 ER PT S AU Loeb, SC O'Keefe, JM AF Loeb, Susan C. O'Keefe, Joy M. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Bats and Gaps: The Role of Early Successional Patches in the Roosting and Foraging Ecology of Bats SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FEMALE EASTERN PIPISTRELLES; LONG-EARED BAT; DIVERSE FORESTED LANDSCAPE; MIXED MESOPHYTIC FOREST; MANAGED PINE LANDSCAPE; HABITAT USE; BROWN BATS; RED BATS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; SITE SELECTION AB Early successional habitats are important foraging and commuting sites for the 14 species of bats that inhabit the Central Hardwood Region, especially larger open-adapted species such as hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), red bats (L. borealis), silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans), and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Forest gaps, small openings, and the edges between early successional patches and mature forest are especially important habitats because they are used by both open-adapted and clutter-adapted species. Several bat species select roosts in close proximity to early successional patches, perhaps to minimize foraging and commuting costs. Future research on effects of early successional patch size, shape, vegetation structure, and connectivity on bat use, and the distribution of early successional habitats in relation to mature forest, roosting sites, and water sources will assist managers in providing the optimal types and distribution of early successional patches on the landscape. C1 [Loeb, Susan C.] Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, Upland Hardwood Ecol & Management Res Work Unit, USDA,So Res Stn,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [O'Keefe, Joy M.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, Upland Hardwood Ecol & Management Res Work Unit, USDA,So Res Stn,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us; Joy.O'Keefe@indstate.edu NR 137 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 167 EP 189 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_10 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 23 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200010 ER PT S AU Moorman, CE Russell, KR Greenberg, CH AF Moorman, Christopher E. Russell, Kevin R. Greenberg, Cathryn H. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Reptile and Amphibian Response to Hardwood Forest Management and Early Successional Habitats SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SALAMANDERS; CHEAT MOUNTAIN SALAMANDER; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; NORTHERN REDBACK SALAMANDERS; TREEFROGS HYLA-VERSICOLOR; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DESIGN; MISSOURI OZARK FORESTS; AGED TIMBER HARVEST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SHORT-TERM RESPONSE AB Herpetofauna responses to forest management and early successional habitats are influenced by species-specific adaptations to historical disturbance regimes. It can take decades for woodland salamander diversity to recover after heavy overstory removal for even-aged forest regeneration or hot fires that yield higher light, drier microclimates, and reduced leaf litter cover, but some frog and toad species may tolerate or even increase after disturbances. In particular, disturbances that retain some canopy cover, such as selection harvests or low intensity burns, can mitigate effects on terrestrial salamanders. The same early successional conditions that are detrimental to salamanders can benefit many reptile species, such as fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus). Maintaining stand age diversity across central hardwood forest landscapes, including retention of mature forest communities, should provide habitats for both early successional wildlife and mature forest species. C1 [Moorman, Christopher E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Russell, Kevin R.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Greenberg, Cathryn H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Moorman, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_moorman@ncsu.edu; krussell@uwsp.edu; kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 97 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200011 ER PT S AU Vose, JM Ford, CR AF Vose, James M. Ford, Chelcy R. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Early Successional Forest Habitats and Water Resources SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; HARDWOOD STANDS; CLIMATE; TRENDS; TRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Tree harvests that create early successional habitats have direct and indirect impacts on water resources in forests of the Central Hardwood Region. Stream( low increases substantially immediately after timber harvest, but increases decline as leaf area recovers and biomass aggrades. Post-harvest increases in stormflow of 10-20%, generally do not contribute to downstream flooding. Sediment from roads and skid trails can compromise water quality after cutting. With implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs), timber harvests are unlikely to have detrimental impacts on water resources, but forest conversion from hardwood to pines, or poorly designed road networks may have long lasting impacts. Changing climate suggests the need for close monitoring of BMP effectiveness and the development of new BMPs applicable to more extreme climatic conditions. C1 [Vose, James M.; Ford, Chelcy R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Vose, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jvose@fs.fed.us; crford@fs.fed.us OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_14 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200014 ER PT S AU Keyser, TL AF Keyser, Tara L. BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Carbon Dynamics Following the Creation of Early Successional Habitats in Forests of the Central Hardwood Region SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CENTRAL NOVA-SCOTIA; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Across a forested landscape, stand-level management actions or natural disturbances that create early successional habitats result in a short-term loss of carbon in any given stand, but are often offset by carbon gains in other, undisturbed stands. Standing carbon stocks and rates of sequestration vary with species, site productivity, stand age, and stand structure. The age distribution of forest stands has a particularly large effect on landscape-level carbon storage. Consequently, forest management activities, including creation of early successional habitats, have short-term implications for stand-level carbon storage, but their impact on forest- or landscape-level carbon storage ultimately depends upon the temporal distribution and spatial scale of young forest stands on the landscape. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Keyser, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM tkeyser@fs.fed.us NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 271 EP 287 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_15 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200015 ER PT S AU Wear, DN Huggett, R AF Wear, David N. Huggett, Robert BE Greenberg, CH Collins, BS Thompson, FR TI Forecasting Forest Type and Age Classes in the Appalachian-Cumberland Subregion of the Central Hardwood Region SO SUSTAINING YOUNG FOREST COMMUNITIES: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION, USA SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter describes how forest type and age distributions might be expected to change in the Appalachian-Cumberland portions of the Central Hardwood Region over the next 50 years. Forecasting forest conditions requires accounting for a number of biophysical and socioeconomic dynamics within an internally consistent modeling framework. We used the US Forest Assessment System (USFAS) to simulate the evolution of forest inventories in the subregion. The types and ages of forests in the Appalachian-Cumberland portions of the Central Hardwood Region are likely to shift over the next 50 years. Two scenarios bracket a range of forest projections and provide insights into how wood products markets as well as economic, demographic, and climate changes could affect these future forests. Shifts in the future age distributions of forests are dominated by projected harvest regimes that lead to qualitatively different forest conditions. The future area of young forests correlates with change in total forest area-as total forest area declines, so does the area of young forests. However, changes in the area of young forests and forest age class distributions are most directly altered by the extent of harvesting within the Appalachian-Cumberland subregion. C1 [Wear, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Huggett, Robert] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wear, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dwear@fs.fed.us; rhuggett@fs.fed.us NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-1619-3 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BWM99 UT WOS:000294270200016 ER PT J AU Kestler, MA Berg, RL Miller, HJ Steinert, BC Eaton, R Larson, G Haddock, J AF Kestler, Maureen A. Berg, Richard L. Miller, Heather J. Steinert, Bryan C. Eaton, Robert Larson, Gregg Haddock, John TI Keeping Springtime Low-Volume Road Damage to a Minimum Toolkit of Practical Low-Cost Methods for Road Managers SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB There are approximately 3 million miles of low-volume roads (LVRs) in the United States, and approximately half of them are located in seasonal frost areas. Limiting or prohibiting loads during spring thaw can keep damage to a minimum. However, methods of determining when to place and remove spring load restrictions, particularly on LVRs, are often highly subjective if restrictions are imposed at all. In partnership with several other agencies, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service has been compiling a toolkit of practical low-cost diagnostic techniques for determining conditions under which spring load restrictions should be placed and removed. This paper expands on techniques reported in a previous paper from a TRB low-volume roads conference and reports on further developments of additional methods. Techniques discussed include (a) subsurface instrumentation, (b) lightweight deflectometer, (c) thaw index, (d) climatic thaw predictor model, and (e) length of time. Requirements and equipment needed to use each of the techniques are described, strengths and weaknesses of each are outlined, and recommendations on various combinations of methods are provided to enable road managers to optimize placement of spring load restrictions. C1 [Kestler, Maureen A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, San Dimas, CA 91773 USA. [Berg, Richard L.] FROST Associates, W Lebanon, NH 03784 USA. [Miller, Heather J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Steinert, Bryan C.] Haley & Aldrich Inc, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Eaton, Robert] New Hampshire Dept Transportat Dist 2, Enfield, NH 03748 USA. [Larson, Gregg] Appl Res Associates, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Haddock, John] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, 444 E Bonita Ave, San Dimas, CA 91773 USA. EM mkestler@fs.fed.us FU Forest Service Technology and Development Program; U.S. Department of Transportation; FHWA; Coordinated Federal Lands Highway Technology Improvement Program; New England Transportation Consortium FX The authors acknowledge the Forest Service Technology and Development Program; the U.S. Department of Transportation, FHWA, Coordinated Federal Lands Highway Technology Improvement Program; and the New England Transportation Consortium for providing funding toward various spring load restriction projects discussed above. The authors also thank Gordon Hanek, Mark Truebe, Dave Katagiri, J. Sylvester, Alan Yamada, Bill Vischer, Barry Collins, John Freetly, and many others currently or formerly with the Forest Service; Dana Humphrey and Chris Helstrom (currently or formerly of the University of Maine, Orono); Meghan Amatrudo, Joseph Iaccarino, Hilary Baker, and Robert Harrington (currently or formerly of the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth); Andy Hall, Alan Hanscom, Denis Boisvert, Glenn Roberts, and Alan Rawson (New Hampshire Department of Transportation); Mike Santi (Idaho Transportation Department); Rajib Mallick (Worcester Polytechnic Institute); Greg Johnson, John Siekmeier, and Rebecca Embacher (Minnesota Department of Transportation); Jeff Uhleymer and Chuck Kinne (Washington Department of Transportation); Charlie Smith and Edel Cortez (CRREL); Steve Saboundjian (Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities); Al Bradley (FERIC); David Orr (Cornell Local Roads Program); and many others for their assistance with various spring load restriction projects leading to this spring load restriction diagnostic techniques guide. The authors also take this opportunity to acknowledge the valuable contributions to this cooperative effort of the late Gary Evans (Western Federal Lands Highway Division FHWA). NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2205 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.3141/2205-20 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 818HV UT WOS:000294743500021 ER PT S AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. BE Sparks, DL TI SYNERGISM: A ROTATION EFFECT OF IMPROVED GROWTH EFFICIENCY SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 112 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ALTERNATIVE CROP ROTATIONS; SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PLANT-GROWTH; STRESS TOLERANCE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; GRAIN LEGUMES; ROOT-ZONE AB Cropping systems in the Great Plains are changing because of no-till. Rotations now include a diversity of crops in contrast with rotations in tilled systems that grow only one or two crops. This diversity of crops often leads to yield increases because of the rotation effect. We have observed that crop response to the rotation effect can be categorized as either improving resource-use efficiency or increasing plant size and yield capacity. An example of the efficiency response, which we term synergism, is that some crops improve water-use efficiency (WUE) of following crops. Crops produce more grain with the same water use in synergistic sequences; in contrast, crops that increase yield capacity consume more water to produce more grain. Further, synergism among crops increases tolerance of weed interference because of improved resource-use efficiency. Synergism is more prominent in low-yielding environments due to stresses such as drought, and appears to be rare among crop sequences. The cause of synergism among crops is likely related to a multitude of interacting factors such as microbial changes, growth-promoting substances, and altered nutrient cycling. Quantifying WUE as affected by preceding crop may provide a method to identify synergism among crops. No-till rotations that include synergistic crop sequences are improving land productivity, farm economics, soil health, and resource-use efficiency in the semiarid Great Plains. C1 ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD USA. NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-385538-1 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2011 VL 112 BP 205 EP 226 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385538-1.00005-6 PG 22 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BVV08 UT WOS:000292859300005 ER PT S AU Dossey, AT AF Dossey, Aaron T. BE Vivanco, JM Weir, T TI Chemical Defenses of Insects: A Rich Resource for Chemical Biology in the Tropics SO CHEMICAL BIOLOGY OF THE TROPICS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH SE Signaling and Communication in Plants LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIRE ANT VENOM; LEAF BEETLE LARVAE; PERILLYL ALCOHOL; PHASMID INSECT; STICK INSECTS; DE-NOVO; ANISOMORPHA-BUPRESTOIDES; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; SIPYLOIDEA-SIPYLUS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA AB Insects make up the largest and most diverse group of organisms on earth, contributing to as much as 80-90% of the world's biodiversity. Approximately 950,000 species of insects have been described; some estimate there are 4,000,000+species in total. Over 70% of drugs on the market are derived from natural compounds. However, insects are one of the least explored groups in drug discovery. The world adds about 70 million people each year. In this chapter you will find: (1) an introduction to the topic of arthropod chemical biodiversity and chemical defense; (2) a brief discussion on various uses of insect chemistry by various cultures; (3) an overview of insect venoms and other chemical defense studies, with a case study on methods utilized to analyze ant venoms; (4) a short discussion on the importance of preserving tropical habitats for bioprospecting; (5) a review of research on stick insect (Order Phasmatodea) chemical defenses, stick insects as a model for biosynthesis studies and my personal experiences with the editors of this book and 2008 PAST workshop in Peru which resulted in this chapter; (6) an overview of examples from the literature of insect-derived substances with medicinally relevant biological properties such as toxins and antibiotics; (7) a brief description of the importance of studying biosynthetic pathways in insects and other organisms from whence valuable natural products are identified and (8) a list of recommended literature which I expect would be of particular interest to the readers of this chapter. C1 ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Dossey, AT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3751 SW 20th AVE,APT 1, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. EM BugoChem@gmail.com NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1867-9048 BN 978-3-642-19079-7 J9 SIGNAL COMMUN PLANTS JI Signal. Commun. Plants PY 2011 BP 27 EP 57 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19080-3_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19080-3 PG 31 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BVR95 UT WOS:000292617200003 ER PT S AU Weir, T Manter, D Kofer, W AF Weir, Tiffany Manter, Daniel Kofer, Waltraud BE Vivanco, JM Weir, T TI Microbes: A New Frontier in Tropical Chemical Biology SO CHEMICAL BIOLOGY OF THE TROPICS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH SE Signaling and Communication in Plants LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; PNET-N-DNDC; CARBONYL SULFIDE; FOREST SOILS; RAIN-FORESTS; SOURCE STRENGTH; CO2 EMISSIONS; N2O EMISSIONS; WET TROPICS; DIVERSITY C1 [Weir, Tiffany] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Manter, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kofer, Waltraud] Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Chem Sect, Lima 32, Peru. RP Weir, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, 310 Shepardson, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tweir@lamar.colostate.edu; Daniel.Manter@ars.usda.gov; wkofer@gmail.com; tweir@lamar.colostate.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1867-9048 BN 978-3-642-19079-7 J9 SIGNAL COMMUN PLANTS JI Signal. Commun. Plants PY 2011 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19080-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19080-3 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BVR95 UT WOS:000292617200005 ER PT J AU Prakash, B Bingol, G Pan, ZL AF Prakash, Bhagwati Bingol, Gokhan Pan, Zhongli TI Moisture Diffusivity in Rice Components During Absorption and Desorption SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mathematical modelling; Moisture transport; Rice; Sorption ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; ROUGH RICE; GRAIN RICE; MODEL; QUALITY; FRUIT; HUSK AB Moisture diffusivity values of different rice kernel components, namely endosperm, bran and husk, are required to solve mathematical models describing absorption and desorption processes. In addition to the rice variety and temperature, the moisture diffusivity also depends on its instantaneous moisture content or water activity (a(w)) and whether rice is absorbing or desorbing moisture. This research was undertaken to determine moisture diffusivity values of rough rice components in different a(w) ranges during absorption and desorption. Experiments were performed to measure sorption rates of different rice forms, including white rice, brown rice, and rough rice kernels. Mathematical models were developed to predict their moisture distribution during moisture sorption processes. These models were solved by finite element method using Comsol Multiphysics (R) simulation program. Moisture diffusivity values of different rice components were calculated and found to be different during absorption and desorption. Diffusivity of rice endosperm was higher during desorption than absorption at a(w) higher than 0.20 and increased with an increase in a(w) in 0.20-0.80 a(w) range. Diffusivity of bran remained almost the same with a(w) while diffusivity of husk decreased with an increase in a(w). Results obtained in this research demonstrated that the moisture diffusivity of different rice components varies significantly with the change in water activity or moisture and should be accounted in the mathematical models. C1 [Bingol, Gokhan; Pan, Zhongli] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Prakash, Bhagwati; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov FU California Rice Research Board FX We thank the California Rice Research Board for providing partial financial support for this research. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 8 BP 939 EP 945 DI 10.1080/07373937.2011.561942 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 819CJ UT WOS:000294802700004 ER PT J AU Wiens, GD AF Wiens, Gregory D. BE Woo, PTK Bruno, DW TI Bacterial Kidney Disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum) SO FISH DISEASES AND DISORDERS, VOL 3: VIRAL, BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMO-SALAR L; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; BROODSTOCK ATLANTIC SALMON; MAJOR SOLUBLE-ANTIGEN C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Wiens, GD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RI PONNERASSERY, Sudheesh/C-4589-2014 NR 282 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-554-2 PY 2011 BP 338 EP 374 DI 10.1079/9781845935542.0338 D2 10.1079/9781845935542.0000 PG 37 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BVY86 UT WOS:000293175200011 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Plumb, JA Shoemaker, CA AF Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. Plumb, John A. Shoemaker, Craig A. BE Woo, PTK Bruno, DW TI Edwardsiella Septicaemias SO FISH DISEASES AND DISORDERS, VOL 3: VIRAL, BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS; EEL ANGUILLA-JAPONICA; INDIAN MAJOR CARPS; FRESH-WATER FISH C1 [Evans, Joyce J.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, Phillip H.; Shoemaker, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. [Plumb, John A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 118B S Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. NR 365 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-554-2 PY 2011 BP 512 EP 569 DI 10.1079/9781845935542.0512 D2 10.1079/9781845935542.0000 PG 58 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BVY86 UT WOS:000293175200016 ER PT S AU Bales, RC Conklin, MH Kerkez, B Glaser, S Hopmans, JW Hunsaker, CT Meadows, M Hartsough, PC AF Bales, Roger C. Conklin, Martha H. Kerkez, Branko Glaser, Steven Hopmans, Jan W. Hunsaker, Carolyn T. Meadows, Matt Hartsough, Peter C. BE Levia, DF CarlyleMoses, D Tanaka, T TI Sampling Strategies in Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry SO FOREST HYDROLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY: SYNTHESIS OF PAST RESEARCH AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bales, Roger C.; Conklin, Martha H.; Meadows, Matt] Univ California, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Kerkez, Branko; Glaser, Steven] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hopmans, Jan W.; Hartsough, Peter C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hunsaker, Carolyn T.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bales, RC (reprint author), Univ California, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. EM rbales@ucmerced.edu; mconklin@ucmerced.edu; bkerkez@berkeley.edu; glaser@ce.berkeley.edu; jwhopmans@ucdavis.edu; chunsaker@fs.fed.us; mmeadows@ucmerced.edu; phartsough@ucdavis.edu OI Hunsaker, Carolyn/0000-0002-5662-2402 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-1362-8 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 216 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1363-5_2 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1363-5 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Geology GA BVV49 UT WOS:000292894600003 ER PT J AU Gschwend, AR Yu, QY Moore, P Saski, C Chen, CX Wang, JP Na, JK Ming, R AF Gschwend, Andrea R. Yu, Qingyi Moore, Paul Saski, Christopher Chen, Cuixia Wang, Jianping Na, Jong-Kuk Ming, Ray TI Construction of Papaya Male and Female BAC Libraries and Application in Physical Mapping of the Sex Chromosomes SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE-SPECIFIC REGION; COAT PROTEIN GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RINGSPOT VIRUS; Y-CHROMOSOME; GENOME; TREE; EVOLUTION; TISSUES; APPLE AB Papaya is a major fruit crop in the tropics and has recently evolved sex chromosomes. Towards sequencing the papaya sex chromosomes, two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were constructed from papaya male and female genomic DNA. The female BAC library was constructed using restriction enzyme BstY I and consists of 36,864 clones with an average insert size of 104 kb, providing 10.3x genome equivalents. The male BAC library was constructed using restriction enzyme EcoR I and consists of 55,296 clones with an average insert size of 101 kb, providing 15.0x genome equivalents. The male BAC library was used in constructing the physical map of the male-specific region of the male Y chromosome (MSY) and in filling gaps and extending the physical map of the hermaphrodite-specific region of the Y(h) chromosome (HSY) and the X chromosome physical map. The female BAC library was used to extend the X physical map gap. The MSY, HSY, and X physical maps offer a unique opportunity to study chromosomal rearrangements, Y chromosome degeneration, and dosage compensation of the papaya nascent sex chromosomes. C1 [Gschwend, Andrea R.; Chen, Cuixia; Wang, Jianping; Na, Jong-Kuk; Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yu, Qingyi] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Moore, Paul] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Saski, Christopher] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rming@life.illinois.edu FU NSF [0553417] FX This work is supported by NSF Plant Genome Research Program (award number 0553417). NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2011 AR 929472 DI 10.1155/2011/929472 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 816ZB UT WOS:000294639500001 ER PT B AU Caldwell, J Payment, P Villemur, R AF Caldwell, Jane Payment, Pierre Villemur, Richard BE Hagedorn, C Blanch, AR Harwood, VJ TI Mitochondrial DNA as Source Tracking Markers of Fecal Contamination SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING: METHODS, APPLICATIONS, AND CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mitochondrial DNA; Real-time PCR; Rapid DNA extraction; Consensus PCR primers; Alternative molecular methods ID COLONIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS; REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFICATION MUTATION ASSAY; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; HYBRIDIZATION CAPTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD COMPONENTS; GENETIC-MARKERS; MULTIPLEX PCR AB Guidelines for water-quality monitoring have traditionally focused on the use of bacterial indicators. However, efforts to effectively mitigate fecal contamination necessitate greater clarity in source recognition. Host (mammalian and avian) epithelial cells are shed in the gut lumen and expelled in feces. These cells have multiple numbers of mitochondria, an organelle with its own genome, containing species-specific DNA sequences. These properties make mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) excellent molecular targets as they are host-specific and robust. This chapter describes the development of molecular methods such as PCR, qPCR, PCR with consensus primers, and DNA microarrays to detect and quantify mtDNA in effluents, influents, and environmental surface waters. These assays represent a paradigm shift in source tracking by detecting DNA from the host rather than its fecal bacterial population. Future development to increase the sensitivity of the assays and ease sample processing of large volumes is warranted. Contamination by nonfecal sources such as skin, hair, and sputum of swimmers needs to be evaluated in the context of providing data for source tracking, i.e., presence of human activity impacting the site. The significance of meat carryover in human feces, waste from kitchen garbage disposals and abattoir or industrial manufacturing requires further study to assess their impact on species-specific source tracking. C1 [Caldwell, Jane] NC State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Payment, Pierre; Villemur, Richard] INRS Inst Armand Frappier, Laval, PQ H7V 1B7, Canada. RP Caldwell, J (reprint author), NC State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Food Sci Res Unit, 323 Schaub Hall,Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jane.caldwell@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9385-4 PY 2011 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA BVR30 UT WOS:000292530800010 ER PT S AU Liu, YL Thibodeaux, D Gamble, GR AF Liu, Yongliang Thibodeaux, Devron Gamble, Gary R. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Development of simple algorithm for direct and rapid determination of cotton maturity from FT-IR spectroscopy SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies IV CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE FT-IR spectroscopy; ATR; cotton maturity; immature cotton fibers; image analysis; AFIS ID RAY-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; FIBER MATURITY; CELL-WALL; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; CELLULOSE; FINENESS; MICROSCOPY AB Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of seed and lint cottons were collected to explore the potential for the discrimination of immature cottons from mature ones and also for the determination of actual cotton maturity. Spectral features of immature and mature cottons revealed large differences in the 1200-900 cm(-1) region, and such spectral distinctions formed the basis on which to develop simple three-band ratio algorithm for classification analysis. Next, an additional formula was created to assess the degree of cotton fiber maturity by converting the three-band ratios into an appropriate FT-IR maturity (M-IR) index. Furthermore, the M-IR index was compared with parameters derived from traditional image analysis (IA) and advanced fiber information system (AFIS) measurements. Results indicated strong correlations (R-2 > 0.89) between M-IR and M-AFIS and between M-IR and M-IA among either International Cotton Calibration (ICC) standards or selected cotton maturity references. On the other hand, low correlations between the pairs were observed among regular cotton fibers, which likely resulted from the heterogeneous distribution of structural, physical, and chemical characteristics in cotton fibers and subsequent different sampling specimens for individual and independent measurement. C1 [Liu, Yongliang; Thibodeaux, Devron; Gamble, Gary R.] USDA, ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-606-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8032 AR 803210 DI 10.1117/12.883025 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BWQ95 UT WOS:000294556600031 ER PT J AU Cenderelli, DA Clarkin, K Gubernick, RA Weinhold, M AF Cenderelli, Daniel A. Clarkin, Kim Gubernick, Robert A. Weinhold, Mark TI Stream Simulation for Aquatic Organism Passage at Road-Stream Crossings SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Historically, road stream crossing structures were designed on the basis of the hydraulic capacity of the structure for a specific design flood without consideration of aquatic species or the swimming and jumping abilities of a single target fish species and life stage during its migration, and ignored the movement needs of other adult fish, juvenile fish, and aquatic organisms occupying the stream. Hydraulic designs typically constrict the channel, create flow hydraulics and channel conditions that are markedly dissimilar from those in the natural channel, and impede the movement of most other nontarget fish and aquatic organisms along the stream corridor. The stream simulation approach for designing road stream crossing structures was recently adopted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service as a pragmatic and sustainable long-term solution to maintain passage for all aquatic organisms at all life stages at road stream crossings while meeting vehicle transportation objectives. This study shows how the stream simulation design process integrates fluvial geo-morphology concepts with engineering principles to design a natural and dynamic channel through the road stream crossing structure. The premise of stream simulation is that the creation of channel dimensions and characteristics similar to those in the adjacent natural channel will enable fish and other aquatic organisms to experience no greater difficulty moving through the structure than if there were no crossing. Stream simulation channels are designed to adjust laterally and vertically to a wide range of floods and sediment or wood inputs without compromising the movement needs of fish and other aquatic organisms or the hydraulic capacity of the structure. C1 [Clarkin, Kim] US Forest Serv, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, USDA, Bow, WA 98232 USA. [Cenderelli, Daniel A.] US Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gubernick, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. [Weinhold, Mark] US Forest Serv, USDA, Glenwood Springs, CO 81602 USA. RP Clarkin, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, USDA, 3270 Pond Lane, Bow, WA 98232 USA. EM kclarkin@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2203 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.3141/2203-05 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 818HU UT WOS:000294743400007 ER PT J AU Keller, G Ketcheson, G AF Keller, Gordon Ketcheson, Gary TI Storm Damage Risk Reduction Storm Proofing Low-Volume Roads SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The United States and other countries spend millions of dollars annually on storm damage repairs. Most of this work is to repair existing roads and transportation facilities. Large amounts of repair work have been done on the low-volume road network of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service over the past three decades, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Agencies cannot afford to build roads to be 100% storm resistant, or stormproof, but they can be made more storm resistant. Measures can be taken to reduce the risk of storm damage from any given event. The objectives of this paper are to identify the assessment process and discuss treatments that can be used to reduce road damage and environmental impacts. Storm damage risk reduction first involves an assessment of any given road, the natural setting, the value of the road, traffic use, and design standards. Because resources are always limited, roads in areas of high risk, in steep terrain, or in areas subject to flooding, and the most important roads, from both the infrastructure and environmental standpoints, should be prioritized for preventative work. Storm damage risk reduction measures include many maintenance, drainage improvement, and structural tasks. Roadway surface drainage structures such as ditches, cross drains, and rolling dips need to be clean, properly armored, and properly spaced to prevent the concentration of water. Drainage-crossing structures such as bridges, fords, and culverts need to have adequate capacity or at least be clear of debris, well armored, scour resistant, and functioning properly. Trash racks can be added. Marginally stable road cuts and fills can be modified and reinforced with vegetation or soil bioengineering treatments. Staying current with road maintenance is critical for proper road function during storms. C1 [Keller, Gordon] US Forest Serv, USDA, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. [Ketcheson, Gary] US Forest Serv, USDA, Seattle, WA 98136 USA. RP Keller, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 159 Lawrence St, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. EM gkeller@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2203 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.3141/2203-26 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 818HU UT WOS:000294743400028 ER PT B AU Palaniswami, MS Henneberry, TJ AF Palaniswami, M. S. Henneberry, T. J. BE Thompson, WMO TI Bemisia tabaci (Genn.): Biotypes and Cassava Mosaic Virus in India SO WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) INTERACTION WITH GEMINIVIRUS-INFECTED HOST PLANTS: BEMISIA TABACI, HOST PLANTS AND GEMINIVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; SPECIES COMPLEX; SWEET-POTATO; ALEYRODIDAE; POPULATIONS; APHELINIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; PATTERNS AB Biology of Bemisia tabaci on five different host plants viz., cassava, sweet potato, cotton, egg plant and tobacco showed that developmental duration was maximum on cassava and fecundity was maximum on tobacco. Population of cassava whitefly (CWF) and sweet potato whitefly (SPWF) separately maintained on the respective host plants were used in two sets of experiments viz., choice and no-choice studies on cassava, sweet potato, egg plant, cotton, tobacco and tomato. Oviposition was recorded on all host plants, but no CWF nymphs emerged beyond the first instars on sweet potato, while there was no pupal formation or adult development of SPWF on cassava. In choice tests, CWF reproduced on cassava, egg plant, tomato and tobacco, but not on cotton and sweet potato. Conversely, SPWF reproduced on sweet potato, cotton, egg plant, tomato and tobacco, but not on cassava, indicating two different biotypes. In isozymes studies five non-shared alleles to CWF and six to SPWF were observed, ascertaining the biotypes. The analysis of amplification products obtained using the single primers revealed that the CWF and SPWF do not share any similarity among them, confirming the biotypes. Secondary endosymbionts were not associated with the two biotypes. Role of B. tabaci CWF and SPWF on Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) transmission was elucidated from cassava to cassava and cassava to tobacco, with different number of whiteflies and different acquisition access feeding periods (AAFP) and inoculation access feeding periods (IAFP). Even a single whitefly was capable of ICMV transmission under 10 h/10 h AAFP/IAFP and maximum percentage of transmission was in 48 h/48 h AAFP/IAFP. ICMV transmission in cassava plants through B. tabaci was ascertained using dot-blot immunoassay, TAS-ELISA and Immuno-scanning electron microscopy. ICMV DNA tests in whitely stylet, salivary gland and digestive tract showed positive. The activity of rhodanese and beta-cyanoalanine synthase; cyanide detoxifying enzymes in B. tabaci reared on cassava and sweet potato gave supportive evidence for different biotypes. Whitefly feeding induced pathogenesis related (PR) proteins in both ICMV-free and ICMV-infected cassava plants. Heavy infestation of B. tabaci showed increased level of PR proteins. Quantitative measurement and electrophoretic detection of total protein, peroxidase, chitinase and beta 1,3 glucanase in both ICMV-infected and ICMV-free cassava plants under whitefly infested and non-infested conditions revealed that cassava plants with whitefly infestation had an increased level of peroxidase, chitinase and beta 1,3 glucanase, and decreased level of total proteins. C1 [Palaniswami, M. S.] Cent Tuber Crops Res Inst, Div Crop Protect, Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India. [Henneberry, T. J.] USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Palaniswami, MS (reprint author), Cent Tuber Crops Res Inst, Div Crop Protect, Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India. EM palaniswamims@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-1523-3 PY 2011 BP 121 EP 163 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1524-0_7 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1524-0 PG 43 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BVY57 UT WOS:000293148100007 ER PT B AU Yang, CH Everitt, JH AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. BE Thompson, WMO TI Remote Sensing for Detecting and Mapping Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Infestations SO WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) INTERACTION WITH GEMINIVIRUS-INFECTED HOST PLANTS: BEMISIA TABACI, HOST PLANTS AND GEMINIVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROP MANAGEMENT; VIDEO SYSTEM; TECHNOLOGIES; PHOTOGRAPHY; AMERICA AB Remote sensing technology has long been used for detecting insect infestations on agricultural crops. With recent advances in remote sensing sensors and other spatial information technologies such as Global Position Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing is finding more and more practical applications for the detection and management of insect pests, including sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). This chapter begins with an extended overview of remote sensing principles and systems that can be used for entomological studies. Properties and behavior of electromagnetic energy, major divisions of the electromagnetic spectrum (i.e., ultraviolet, visible, infrared and microwave), and the interactions between radiation and ground targets are discussed. Major types of remote sensing systems are described, including ground-based spectroradiometers, aerial photographic cameras, airborne digital multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems, and moderate and high resolution satellite imaging systems. The second part of the chapter provides a brief review on the use of remote sensing for detecting whitefly infestations and presents an application example to illustrate how remote sensing can be integrated with GPS and GIS technologies for detecting and mapping whitefly infestations in cotton fields. The methodologies for ground reflectance and airborne image acquisition and for the integration of image data with GPS and GIS are discussed. C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Everitt, James H.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov; james.everitt@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-1523-3 PY 2011 BP 357 EP 381 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1524-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1524-0 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BVY57 UT WOS:000293148100013 ER PT J AU Havens, PL Mulligan, K Hazra, R Van Loan, MD Pan, CG Bethel, J Rutledge, BN Kapogiannis, BG Flynn, PM Lujan-Zilberman, J Kiser, JJ Baker, AM Liu, NX Worrell, C Wilson, CM Stephensen, CB AF Havens, P. L. Mulligan, K. Hazra, R. Van Loan, M. D. Pan, C. G. Bethel, J. Rutledge, B. N. Kapogiannis, B. G. Flynn, P. M. Lujan-Zilberman, J. Kiser, J. J. Baker, A. M. Liu, N. X. Worrell, C. Wilson, C. M. Stephensen, C. B. CA ATN 063 Protocol Team TI Safety and efficacy of once-monthly dosing of vitamin D3 (50,000 IU) in HIV-infected youth: Adolescent Trials Network Study 063 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Havens, P. L.; Pan, C. G.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Mulligan, K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Hazra, R.; Kapogiannis, B. G.; Worrell, C.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Van Loan, M. D.; Stephensen, C. B.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bethel, J.; Rutledge, B. N.] Westat Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Flynn, P. M.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Lujan-Zilberman, J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. [Kiser, J. J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA. [Baker, A. M.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Wilson, C. M.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2011 VL 16 SU 2 BP A9 EP A10 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 813OD UT WOS:000294375900012 ER PT B AU Bacon, CW Hinton, DM AF Bacon, Charles W. Hinton, Dorothy M. BE Maheshwari, DK TI Bacillus mojavensis: Its Endophytic Nature, the Surfactins, and Their Role in the Plant Response to Infection by Fusarium verticillioides SO BACTERIA IN AGROBIOLOGY: PLANT GROWTH RESPONSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES; CYCLIC LIPOPEPTIDES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SUBTILIS STRAINS; BIOCONTROL AGENT; ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; IN-VITRO; ACID; GROWTH C1 [Bacon, Charles W.; Hinton, Dorothy M.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd,POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM charles.bacon@ars.usda.gov; Charles.Bacon@ars.usda.gov NR 98 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-20331-2 PY 2011 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-20332-9_2 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BWF34 UT WOS:000293799500002 ER PT J AU Brunsell, NA Anderson, MC AF Brunsell, N. A. Anderson, M. C. TI Characterizing the multi-scale spatial structure of remotely sensed evapotranspiration with information theory SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; SCALE ISSUES; FLUXES; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MODEL AB A more thorough understanding of the multi-scale spatial structure of land surface heterogeneity will enhance understanding of the relationships and feedbacks between land surface conditions, mass and energy exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere, and regional meteorological and climatological conditions. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify which spatial scales are dominant in determining the evapotranspiration flux between the surface and the atmosphere and (2) to quantify how different spatial scales of atmospheric and surface processes interact for different stages of the phenological cycle. We used the ALEXI/DisALEXI model for three days (DOY 181, 229 and 245) in 2002 over the Ft. Peck Ameriflux site to estimate the latent heat flux from Landsat, MODIS and GOES satellites. We then applied a multiresolution information theory methodology to quantify these interactions across different spatial scales and compared the dynamics across the different sensors and different periods. We note several important results: (1) spatial scaling characteristics vary with day, but are usually consistent for a given sensor, but (2) different sensors give different scalings, and (3) the different sensors exhibit different scaling relationships with driving variables such as fractional vegetation and near surface soil moisture. In addition, we note that while the dominant length scale of the vegetation index remains relatively constant across the dates, the contribution of the vegetation index to the derived latent heat flux varies with time. We also note that length scales determined from MODIS are consistently larger than those determined from Landsat, even at scales that should be detectable by MODIS. This may imply an inability of the MODIS sensor to accurately determine the fine scale spatial structure of the land surface. These results aid in identifying the dominant cross-scale nature of local to regional biosphere-atmosphere interactions. C1 [Brunsell, N. A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Anderson, M. C.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brunsell, NA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM brunsell@ku.edu RI Brunsell, Nathaniel/G-2904-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1021095, G214-11-W3336] FX We would like to thank one anonymous reviewer and Pete Falloon for their comments on a prior version of this paper. In addition, we would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation grant number DEB-1021095 and subaward G214-11-W3336 for funding. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2269 EP 2280 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2269-2011 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 814MA UT WOS:000294457100017 ER PT B AU Pluskota, WE Martinez-Andujar, C Martin, RC Nonogaki, H AF Pluskota, Wioletta E. Martinez-Andujar, Cristina Martin, Ruth C. Nonogaki, Hiroyuki BE Erdmann, VA Barciszewski, J TI MicroRNA Function in Seed Biology SO NON CODING RNAS IN PLANTS SE RNA Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Development; Dormancy; Embryogenesis; Germination; miRNA; Seed ID MADS-BOX GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MESSENGER-RNA; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ABSCISIC-ACID; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; VIRAL SUPPRESSOR; DOWN-REGULATION; DICER HOMOLOG; TARGET GENES AB The involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in various developmental programs in plants, such as leaf and flower development, and the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, has been characterized. Information on the involvement of miRNA in seed biology is limited, but emerging. miRNAs and transcription factors or other genes that are targeted by miRNA are expressed during embryogenesis, seed maturation, imbibition, and seedling establishment, suggesting that the downregulation of target genes by miRNA may play a critical role in seed development and germination. This chapter focuses on the biological function of miRNA and miRNA-targeted genes involved in seed formation, the sensitivity of mature seeds to plant hormones, and postembryonic seedling development. C1 [Martinez-Andujar, Cristina; Nonogaki, Hiroyuki] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pluskota, Wioletta E.] Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, Dept Plant Physiol & Biotechnol, PL-10718 Olsztyn, Poland. [Martin, Ruth C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Nonogaki, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hiro.nonogaki@oregonstate.edu NR 101 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19453-5 J9 RNA TECHNOL JI RNA Technol. PY 2011 BP 339 EP 357 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19454-2_21 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19454-2 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BWF40 UT WOS:000293800100021 ER PT S AU Cushman, JC Oliver, MJ AF Cushman, John C. Oliver, Melvin J. BE Luttge, U Beck, E Bartels, D TI Understanding Vegetative Desiccation Tolerance Using Integrated Functional Genomics Approaches Within a Comparative Evolutionary Framework SO PLANT DESICCATION TOLERANCE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLANT CRATEROSTIGMA-PLANTAGINEUM; GRASS SPOROBOLUS-STAPFIANUS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; XEROPHYTA-VISCOSA BAKER; DEHYDRATION-REHYDRATION CYCLE; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; BRYOPHYTE TORTULA-RURALIS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D ACTIVITY; FOX HUNTING SYSTEM C1 [Cushman, John C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Cushman, JC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, MS200, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jcushman@unr.edu NR 188 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-3-642-19105-3 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 215 BP 307 EP 338 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19106-0_15 PG 32 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BVV43 UT WOS:000292892200015 ER PT J AU Zipperer, WC AF Zipperer, Wayne C. BE Douglas, I Goode, D Houck, M Wang, R TI The process of natural succession in urban areas SO ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF URBAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEW-YORK-CITY; LAND-USE GRADIENT; PLANT INVASIONS; FOREST REMNANTS; RURAL GRADIENTS; VEGETATION; DISPERSAL; URBANIZATION; MECHANISMS; CITIES C1 USDA Forest Serv, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zipperer, WC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, POB 110806, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13688-341-5 PY 2011 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Urban Studies GA BUU51 UT WOS:000290380300019 ER PT B AU Hinckley, TM Lachenbruch, B Meinzer, FC Dawson, TE AF Hinckley, Thomas M. Lachenbruch, Barbara Meinzer, Frederick C. Dawson, Todd E. BE Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Dawson, TE TI A Lifespan Perspective on Integrating Structure and Function in Trees SO SIZE- AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN TREE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SE Tree Physiology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR; ABIES-AMABILIS; SEQUOIA-SEMPERVIRENS; WATER RELATIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AB Trees are spectacular organisms that can accumulate a large amount of biomass, live for millennia, grow in stressful environments, and have global importance to organisms and human society as a result of their roles in contributing to diverse ecosystem services. They survive in an enormous range of environments with disturbances of various frequencies and severities, and by their very nature of being long-lived and sessile, they must possess the ability to change. This chapter provides a context for the chapters that follow, by describing a history of the investigations and of several important technological innovations that have enabled research to progress, and some of the foundations of water relations which underpin many of the later chapters. The chapter then discusses seven recurrent themes brought out by the diverse chapter authors: microclimate and other abiotic forces that change with tree and stand age; the changing structure and function employed as trees grow; what we can learn from scaling -which scaling laws pertain, when, and what is the biology or physics embedded in these laws; the tradeoffs that occur as structures and functions change through growth and development; the causes and correlates of the decline in productivity of trees and stands with age; the extent to which changes are plastic; and the meaning of whether changes occur relative to age versus size. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the emerging issues and questions raised in the chapters of this book. The overall aim is to give insights into the whole tree, whole lifespan perspective of the structural and functional strategies trees employ to persist in the face of internal and external factors that change as trees grow and age. This knowledge can be used to develop management approaches to manipulate trees and stands to provide a wide range of ecosystem goods and services. C1 [Hinckley, Thomas M.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dawson, Todd E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dawson, Todd E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hinckley, TM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hinckley@u.washington.edu; Barb.Lachenbruch@oregonstate.edu; fmeinzer@fs.fed.us; tdawson@berkeley.edu; fmeinzer@fs.fed.us; Barb.Lachenbruch@oregonstate.edu; tdawson@berkeley.edu NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1241-6 J9 TREE PHYSIOL SER PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3 EP 30 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_1 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3 PG 28 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BWF35 UT WOS:000293799600001 ER PT B AU McDowell, NG Bond, BJ Dickman, LT Ryan, MG Whitehead, D AF McDowell, Nate G. Bond, Barbara J. Dickman, Lee T. Ryan, Michael G. Whitehead, David BE Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Dawson, TE TI Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination SO SIZE- AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN TREE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SE Tree Physiology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; HYDRAULIC LIMITATION HYPOTHESIS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS-EXCHANGE; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; PONDEROSA PINE; SCOTS PINE AB Understanding how tree size impacts leaf- and crown-level gas exchange is essential to predicting forest yields and carbon and water budgets. The stable carbon isotope ratio (delta C-13) of organic matter has been used to examine the relationship of gas exchange to tree size for a host of species because it carries a temporally integrated signature of foliar photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The carbon isotope composition of leaves reflects discrimination against C-13 relative to C-12 during photosynthesis and is the net result of the balance of change in CO2 supply and demand at the sites of photosynthesis within the leaf mesophyll. Interpreting the patterns of changes in delta C-13 with tree size are not always clear, however, because multiple factors that regulate gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) co-vary with height, such as solar irradiance and hydraulic conductance. Here we review 36 carbon isotope datasets from 38 tree species and conclude that there is a consistent, linear decline of Delta with height. The most parsimonious explanation of this result is that gravitational constraints on maximum leaf water potential set an ultimate boundary on the shape and sign of the relationship. These hydraulic constraints are manifest both over the long term through impacts on leaf structure, and over did l periods via impacts on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance. Shading induces a positive offset to the linear decline, consistent with light limitations reducing carbon fixation and increasing partial pressures of CO2 inside of the leaf, p(c) at a given height. Biome differences between tropical and temperate forests were more important in predicting Delta and its relationship to height than wood type associated with being an angiosperm or gymnosperm. It is not yet clear how leaf internal conductance varies with leaf mass area, but some data in particularly tall, temperate conifers suggest that photosynthetic capacity may not vary dramatically with height when compared between tree-tops, while stomatal and leaf internal conductances do decline in unison with height within canopy gradients. It is also clear that light is a critical variable low in the canopy, whereas hydrostatic constraints dominate the relationship between Delta and height in the upper canopy. The trend of increasing maximum height with decreasing minimum A suggests that trees that become particularly tall may be adapted to tolerate particularly low values of p(c). C1 [McDowell, Nate G.; Dickman, Lee T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bond, Barbara J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Lab Studies Forest Carbon Cycle, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Whitehead, David] Landcare Res, NL-7640 Lincoln, New Zealand. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov; barbara.bond@oregonstate.edu; mgryan@fs.fed.us RI Dickman, Lee/J-2391-2015 OI Dickman, Lee/0000-0003-3876-7058 NR 137 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1241-6 J9 TREE PHYSIOL SER PY 2011 VL 4 BP 255 EP 286 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_10 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3 PG 32 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BWF35 UT WOS:000293799600010 ER PT B AU Scholz, FG Phillips, NG Bucci, SJ Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G AF Scholz, Fabian G. Phillips, Nathan G. Bucci, Sandra J. Meinzer, Frederick C. Goldstein, Guillermo BE Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Dawson, TE TI Hydraulic Capacitance: Biophysics and Functional Significance of Internal Water Sources in Relation to Tree Size SO SIZE- AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN TREE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SE Tree Physiology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; STEM DIAMETER VARIATIONS; PONDEROSA PINE TREES; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; STORED WATER; SAP FLOW; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; STORAGE CAPACITY; DYNAMIC-MODEL; SAVANNA TREES AB Components of the tree water transport pathway; roots, trunks, branches and leaves; can also serve as water storage compartments and therefore act transiently as intermediate sources of water for transpiring leaves. However, most previous work has focused on gradual depletion and recharge of tree internal water reserves as soil water availability varies over seasonal cycles. This chapter focuses on the underappreciated role that internal water storage plays in stabilizing the physiological function of trees under the dynamic conditions that prevail over the course of a day. Capacitive discharge of water into the transpiration stream can buffer daily fluctuations in xylem tension, thereby diminishing the risk of xylem embolism and hydraulic failure under dynamic conditions. Intrinsic sapwood capacitance and reliance on stored water increase with tree size. An inverse relationship between sapwood capacitance and resistance to embolism across diverse woody species suggests that above a minimum threshold value of capacitance, the tree survives by using capacitance to provide hydraulic safety by buffering fluctuations in tension, rather by relying on xylem structural features that directly reduce vulnerability to embolism. Progress in understanding the physiological role of capacitance in trees is impeded by non-uniformity in the way capacitance is measured and expressed, preventing much of the available information from being synthesized. To remedy this, standard protocols are described for defining and expressing capacitance and water storage capacity. C1 [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.; Goldstein, Guillermo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Fac Ciencias Nat, Dept Biol, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Phillips, Nathan G.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecol Func, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Scholz, FG (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM fgscholz@unpata.edu.ar; fmeinzer@fs.fed.us; gold@bio.miami.edu; fmeinzer@fs.fed.us NR 99 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1241-6 J9 TREE PHYSIOL SER PY 2011 VL 4 BP 341 EP 361 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BWF35 UT WOS:000293799600013 ER PT S AU Woodruff, DR Meinzer, FC AF Woodruff, David R. Meinzer, Frederick C. BE Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Dawson, TE TI Size-Dependent Changes in Biophysical Control of Tree Growth: The Role of Turgor SO SIZE- AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN TREE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SE Tree Physiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW WATER POTENTIALS; HEIGHT-RELATED TRENDS; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; TALL CONIFER; HYDRAULIC LIMITATION; RESPONSIVE GENE; GAS-EXCHANGE; WOODY-PLANTS; LEAF GROWTH AB Xylem pressure at the tops of trees decreases with increasing tree height as a result of gravitational force and friction associated with water movement through the xylem. Unless altered by osmotic adjustment, the turgor of cells in the apical and vascular meristems will decline proportionally with xylem pressure. In the tallest coniferous species on earth osmotic adjustment is insufficient to compensate for the negative impact of vertical gradients of xylem pressure on turgor of developing and mature tissue. This chapter synthesizes the research addressing turgor-related constraints on growth at the cellular, tissue, and whole tree levels. We examine the role of turgor in plant growth and foliar and stem structural and functional characteristics as they are influenced by height-related trends in turgor. We also evaluate height-related trends in turgor as a cause of observed patterns of tree height and tree biomass growth with an emphasis on how reductions in turgor can influence sink/source relationships for photosynthate in tall trees. Height-related reductions in cell turgor generate a cascade of direct and indirect effects on shoot extension and expansion. The multiple consequences of turgor-limited growth may act in a synergistic manner to further constrain shoot extension as trees approach species- and site-specific height limits. Turgor-limited tissue expansion has permanent anatomical and morphological consequences that govern height-dependent changes in an array of growth-related physiological processes. These include the impact of reduced xylem conduit dimensions on efficiency of water supply to growing tissues at the terminal portions of the water transport pathway, reduced growth efficiency associated with increased leaf mass per area, and increased resistance to CO2 diffusion through the mesophyll to the sites of carboxylation. C1 [Woodruff, David R.; Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Woodruff, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dwoodruff@fs.fed.us; fmeinzer@fs.fed.us NR 124 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2544 BN 978-94-007-1241-6 J9 TREE PHYSIOL-NETH PY 2011 VL 4 BP 363 EP 384 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_14 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BWF35 UT WOS:000293799600014 ER PT J AU Miller, HJ Kestler, MA Amatrudo, M Eaton, R Hall, A AF Miller, Heather J. Kestler, Maureen A. Amatrudo, Meghan Eaton, Robert Hall, Andrew TI Comparison of Test Sections of Low-Volume Roadways Reconstructed with Conventional Techniques and Full-Depth Reclamation SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Three test sections were established in 2005 along a portion of the Kancamagus Highway in New Hampshire, where different reconstruction techniques were used: conventional (box-cut) reconstruction, full-depth reclamation (FDR), and FDR with cement-treated base. During the 2005-2006 winter and spring, elevation surveys were conducted to examine frost heave behavior. In 2006, those three test sections were folded into a larger research project sponsored by the New Hampshire Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service. For that project, extensive falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing was conducted during the 2008 spring-thaw period to investigate variations in pavement stiffness that result from seasonal changes in temperature and moisture. An additional elevation survey was conducted in July 2009 to check for rutting in the wheelpaths. Results of this research suggest that FDR provides an economical and environmentally friendly alternative for reconstruction of low-volume roads. The 2005-2006 data show that the two FDR test sections exhibited more frost heave than the box-cut section, presumably due to frost-susceptible sub-grade soils that remained in place in those sections. However, the 2008 FWD data suggest that the overall stiffness of all three test sections was similar. Five years after initial reconstruction, survey data indicate that little to no rutting has occurred. Visual inspection revealed some cracking, with most of the observed distress attributed to thermal cracking on all three test sections. C1 [Miller, Heather J.; Hall, Andrew] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Kestler, Maureen A.] US Forest Serv, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, USDA, San Dimas, CA 91773 USA. [Eaton, Robert] New Hampshire Dept Transportat, Enfield, NH 03748 USA. [Hall, Andrew] New Hampshire Dept Transportat, Bur Mat & Res, Concord, NH 03302 USA. RP Miller, HJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM hmiller@umassd.edu FU FHWA; New Hampshire DOT research project FX The 2005 to 2006 research described in this paper was funded by an FHWA cooperative agreement through the Recycled Materials Research Center at the University of New Hampshire. The 2006 to 2009 research was funded by a New Hampshire DOT research project. FWD testing was made possible with the assistance of Rajib Mal lick of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The authors thank the following individuals for technical support and assistance during construction of the test sections, subsequent field testing, and data analysis: Carolina Carbo, Charles Smith, J. Sylvester, Scott Kelman, Charles Miller, Aly Fahmy, Joe Iaccarino, Rebekah Novak, Hilary Baker, and Robert Harrington. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2204 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.3141/2204-26 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 812VS UT WOS:000294321600027 ER PT J AU Wang, T Ciais, P Piao, SL Ottle, C Brender, P Maignan, F Arain, A Cescatti, A Gianelle, D Gough, C Gu, L Lafleur, P Laurila, T Marcolla, B Margolis, H Montagnani, L Moors, E Saigusa, N Vesala, T Wohlfahrt, G Koven, C Black, A Dellwik, E Don, A Hollinger, D Knohl, A Monson, R Munger, J Suyker, A Varlagin, A Verma, S AF Wang, T. Ciais, P. Piao, S. L. Ottle, C. Brender, P. Maignan, F. Arain, A. Cescatti, A. Gianelle, D. Gough, C. Gu, L. Lafleur, P. Laurila, T. Marcolla, B. Margolis, H. Montagnani, L. Moors, E. Saigusa, N. Vesala, T. Wohlfahrt, G. Koven, C. Black, A. Dellwik, E. Don, A. Hollinger, D. Knohl, A. Monson, R. Munger, J. Suyker, A. Varlagin, A. Verma, S. TI Controls on winter ecosystem respiration in temperate and boreal ecosystems SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE CO2 EXCHANGE; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; NET ECOSYSTEM; SOIL RESPIRATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; VEGETATION TYPES; HARDWOOD FOREST AB Winter CO(2) fluxes represent an important component of the annual carbon budget in northern ecosystems. Understanding winter respiration processes and their responses to climate change is also central to our ability to assess terrestrial carbon cycle and climate feedbacks in the future. However, the factors influencing the spatial and temporal patterns of winter ecosystem respiration (R(eco)) of northern ecosystems are poorly understood. For this reason, we analyzed eddy covariance flux data from 57 ecosystem sites ranging from similar to 35 degrees N to similar to 70 degrees N. Deciduous forests were characterized by the highest winter R(eco) rates (0.90 +/- 0.39 gCm(-2) d(-1)), when winter is defined as the period during which daily air temperature remains below 0 degrees C. By contrast, arctic wetlands had the lowest winter R(eco) rates (0.02 +/- 0.02 gCm(-2) d(-1)). Mixed forests, evergreen needle-leaved forests, grasslands, croplands and boreal wetlands were characterized by intermediate winter R(eco) rates (g Cm(-2) d(-1)) of 0.70(+/- 0.33), 0.60(+/-0.38), 0.62(+/-0.43), 0.49(+/-0.22) and 0.27(+/-0.08), respectively. Our cross site analysis showed that winter air (T(air)) and soil (T(soil)) temperature played a dominating role in determining the spatial patterns of winter R(eco) in both forest and managed ecosystems (grasslands and croplands). Besides temperature, the seasonal amplitude of the leaf area index (LAI), inferred from satellite observation, or growing season gross primary productivity, which we use here as a proxy for the amount of recent carbon available for R(eco) in the subsequent winter, played a marginal role in winter CO(2) emissions from forest ecosystems. We found that winter R(eco) sensitivity to temperature variation across space (Q(S)) was higher than the one over time (interannual, Q(T)). This can be expected because Q(S) not only accounts for climate gradients across sites but also for (positively correlated) the spatial variability of substrate quantity. Thus, if the models estimate future warming impacts on R(eco) based on Q(S) rather than Q(T), this could overestimate the impact of temperature changes. C1 [Wang, T.; Ciais, P.; Ottle, C.; Brender, P.; Maignan, F.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, UMR8212, UMR,CE LOrme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Arain, A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Cescatti, A.] Commiss European Communities, Climate Change Unit, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Gianelle, D.] Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, IASMA, I-38040 Viote Del Monte Bondone, Trento, Italy. [Gough, C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Gu, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lafleur, P.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Laurila, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Marcolla, B.] Edmund Mach Fdn, Res & Innovat Ctr, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Margolis, H.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Montagnani, L.] Forest Serv & Agcy Environm, Bolzano, Italy. [Montagnani, L.] Free Univ Bolzano, Fac Sci & Technol, Bolzano, Italy. [Moors, E.] Alterra Wageningen UR, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Saigusa, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Vesala, T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Wohlfahrt, G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Black, A.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Dellwik, E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Risoe Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Wind Energy Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Don, A.] Inst Agr Climate Res, Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Hollinger, D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Knohl, A.] Univ Gottingen, Busgen Inst, Chair Bioclimatol, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. [Monson, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munger, J.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Suyker, A.; Verma, S.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Varlagin, A.] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Wang, T (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, UMR8212, UMR,CE LOrme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM tao.wang@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Maignan, Fabienne/F-5419-2013; Knohl, Alexander/F-9453-2014; Wohlfahrt, Georg/D-2409-2009; Marek, Michal V./D-4383-2014; wang, tao/H-2830-2013; Montagnani, Leonardo/F-1837-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Gianelle, Damiano/G-9437-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; ottle, catherine/K-3895-2012; Don, Axel/A-1618-2009 OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Marcolla, Barbara/0000-0001-6357-4616; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173; OTTLE, Catherine/0000-0003-1304-6414; Knohl, Alexander/0000-0002-7615-8870; Wohlfahrt, Georg/0000-0003-3080-6702; wang, tao/0000-0003-4792-5898; Montagnani, Leonardo/0000-0003-2957-9071; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Gianelle, Damiano/0000-0001-7697-5793; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Don, Axel/0000-0001-7046-3332 FU CNRS-INSU; CarboEurope-IP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; US Department of Energy; Commissariat a l'energie atomique (CEA) in France FX The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU.; The authors would like to thank all the PIs of eddy covariance sites, technicians, postdoctoral fellows, research associates and site collaborators involved in FLUXNET who are not included as co-authors of the paper, without whose work this meta-analysis would not have been possible. This work is the outcome of the La Thuile FLUXNET workshop 2007, which would not have been possible without the financial support provided by CarboEurope-IP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia and the US Department of Energy. The Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory provided databasing and technical support. The AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC networks provided data. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Larry Flanagan, who provides eddy covariance data of two sites (CA-WP1 and CA-Let) in Canada. We also acknowledge the Ph.D. funding by Commissariat a l'energie atomique (CEA) in France. Finally, we greatly thank the reviewers Werner Eugster, Thomas Friborg and other two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 106 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2009 EP 2025 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2009-2011 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 810UT UT WOS:000294153700017 ER PT S AU Timper, P AF Timper, Patricia BE Davies, K Spiegel, Y TI Utilization of Biological Control for Managing Plant-Parasitic Nematodes SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES: BUILDING COHERENCE BETWEEN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS SE Progress in Biological Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; FUNGUS POCHONIA-CHLAMYDOSPORIA; POTATO CYST NEMATODES; BACTERIUM PASTEURIA-PENETRANS; FLUORESCENS STRAIN CHA0; COMPOUNDS IN-VITRO; REAL-TIME PCR; PAECILOMYCES-LILACINUS STRAIN-251; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA RACE-1; CROTALARIA-JUNCEA AMENDMENT AB Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes can be accomplished either by application of antagonistic organisms, conservation and enhancement of indigenous antagonists, or a combination of both strategies. The application of biological control has been inconsistent in suppressing nematode populations because the efficacy of antagonists is influenced by other soil organisms and the host-plant. Integration of biological control with nematicides, solarization, organic amendments, and crop rotation has also had varied success. Progress in biological control of nematodes has been hampered by the opaque nature of soil, the microscopic size of nematodes and their antagonists, and the complex interactions among soil organisms. Molecular biology offers new tools that will aid in determining which organisms are involved in naturally-suppressive soils, the fate of introduced antagonists, and how populations of indigenous and introduced antagonists change seasonally and with different crop production practices. Moreover, organisms have been engineered to over-express traits that enhance their activity against plant-parasitic nematodes. C1 ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Patricia.Timper@ars.usda.gov NR 171 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-5915 BN 978-1-4020-9647-1 J9 PROG BIOL CONTROL JI Prog. Biol. Control PY 2011 VL 11 BP 259 EP 289 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9648-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-9648-8 PG 31 WC Biology; Plant Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences GA BWE46 UT WOS:000293759700011 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Butry, DT AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Butry, David T. TI The effect of urban trees on the rental price of single-family homes in Portland, Oregon SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Hedonic; Non-market valuation; Ecosystem services; Urban forestry ID RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; QUALITY; ETHNICITY; IMPACT; NOISE AB Few studies have estimated the effect of environmental amenities on the rental price of houses. We address this gap in the literature by quantifying the effect of urban trees on the rental price of single-family homes in Portland, Oregon, USA. We found that an additional tree on a house's lot increased monthly rent by $5.62, and a tree in the public right of way increased rent by $21.00. These results are consistent with a previous hedonic analysis of the effects of trees on the sales price of homes in Portland, which suggests that homeowners and renters place similar values on urban trees. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Butry, David T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us; david.butry@nist.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.05.007 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 808QA UT WOS:000293992300002 ER PT J AU Poudyal, NC Siry, JP Bowker, JM AF Poudyal, Neelam C. Siry, Jacek P. Bowker, J. M. TI Quality of urban forest carbon credits SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Carbon credit quality; Emission trading; Urban forestry ID STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION; RESOURCE; TREES; USA AB While the urban forest is considered an eligible source of carbon offset credits, little is known about its market potential and the quality aspects of the credits. As credit suppliers increase in number and credit buyers become more interested in purchasing carbon credits, it is unclear whether and how urban forest carbon credits can perform relative to the other types of carbon credits available in the market. Delivering quality credits would be crucial especially in voluntary markets such as the U.S., where buyers are more likely to be committed to reducing their GHGs emissions and maintaining a positive public image, than just abiding by regulations. Utilizing the results of a nationwide survey of local governments. this study takes a first step toward evaluating the quality aspects of urban forest carbon credits. We conclude that the local municipalities and cities in the U.S., acting as sellers of carbon credits, have the resources and capacity to be competitive in carbon credit markets. In addition, they have capacity and resources to implement carbon projects that will meet the key quality criteria (e.g., additionality, permanence, and verification). (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Poudyal, Neelam C.; Siry, Jacek P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bowker, J. M.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Siry, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM npoudyal@warnell.uga.edu; jsiry@warnell.uga.edu; mbowker@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.05.005 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 808QA UT WOS:000293992300009 ER PT J AU Petri, C Hily, JM Vann, C Dardick, C Scorza, R AF Petri, C. Hily, J-M Vann, C. Dardick, C. Scorza, R. TI A high-throughput transformation system allows the regeneration of marker-free plum plants (Prunus domestica) SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Genetic transformation; marker-free; plum; Prunus domestica; selection ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; VECTOR BACKBONE SEQUENCES; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; SELECTABLE MARKER; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; POX-VIRUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SELECTIVE CONDITIONS AB A high-throughput transformation system previously developed in our laboratory was used for the regeneration of transgenic plum plants without the use of antibiotic selection. The system was first tested with two experimental constructs, pGA482GGi and pCAMBIAgfp94(35S) that contain selective marker and reporter genes. Transformation was monitored by GUS detection, and estimated transformation efficiencies were 5.7% and 17.7% for pGA482GGi and pCAMBIAgfp94(35S), respectively. Subsequently, an intron-hairpin-RNA (ihpRNA) construct, carrying the Plum Pox Virus coat protein (ppv-cp) gene, without selectable or reporter marker genes was designed. Five transgenic lines were regenerated as confirmed by DNA blot analysis. We believe that this is the first report on the production of marker-free plants transformed with a potential agronomically important trait in a Prunus species. C1 [Vann, C.; Dardick, C.; Scorza, R.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit Crops Unit, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Petri, C.] CEBAS CSIC, Grp Biotecnol Frutales, Dept Mejora Vegetal, Murcia 30100, Spain. [Hily, J-M] Parque Cient & Tecnol UPM, Ctr Biotecnol & Genom Plantas UPM INIA, Madrid 28223, Spain. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit Crops Unit, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Ralph.Scorza@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2011 VL 159 IS 2 BP 302 EP 315 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2011.00499.x PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 809CH UT WOS:000294028000014 ER PT S AU Castle, SJ Prabhaker, N AF Castle, S. J. Prabhaker, N. BE Lopez, O FernandezBolanos, JG TI The Challenge of Green in a Pesticide-Dominant IPM (Integrated Pest Management) World SO GREEN TRENDS IN INSECT CONTROL SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; INSECT CONTROL; NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; HONEYDEW PRODUCTION; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS; POPULATION-DENSITY C1 [Castle, S. J.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Prabhaker, N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. NR 129 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-84973-290-1 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2011 IS 11 BP 300 EP 338 D2 10.1039/9781849732901 PG 39 WC Chemistry, Applied; Entomology SC Chemistry; Entomology GA BWC62 UT WOS:000293456500010 ER PT J AU Lutz, ER Birkeland, KW AF Lutz, Eric R. Birkeland, Karl W. TI Spatial patterns of surface hoar properties and incoming radiation on an inclined forest opening SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNOW STABILITY; LAYERS; VARIABILITY; STRENGTH; SLOPES; GROWTH; MODEL; PENETROMETER; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE AB Avalanche hazard evaluation relies in part on representative snowpack stability observations. Thus, understanding the spatial patterns of snowpack instabilities and their environmental determinants is crucial. This case study integrates intensive field observations with spatial modeling to identify associations between incoming radiation, surface hoar development and its subsequent shear strength across an inclined forest opening. We examined a buried surface hoar layer in southwest Montana, USA, over five sampling days, collecting 824 SnowMicroPen resistance profiles and performing 352 shear frame tests. Spatial models of incoming long- and shortwave radiation were generated for the surface hoar formation period using modeled hemispheric sky visibility, physically based parameters and the Bird Clear Sky Radiation Model in a Geographic Information System. Before burial, the surface hoar persisted despite moderate winds and relatively high air temperatures. The buried surface hoar layer thickness varied between 3 and 21 mm within a distance of 30 m. Modeled incoming radiation explained spatial variations in layer thickness and shear strength. In areas exposed to large amounts of radiation, the surface hoar layer was strong and thin, while areas with limited incoming radiation (due to high sky visibility and shading) possessed a thicker surface hoar layer that sheared more easily. This demonstrates the usefulness of microclimate modeling for slope-scale avalanche hazard evaluation. We also identify that over the 3 week sample period, strengthening occurred without thinning of the surface hoar layer. C1 [Lutz, Eric R.; Birkeland, Karl W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Birkeland, Karl W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. RP Lutz, ER (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, HB 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM snowscience@gmail.com FU US National Science Foundation's Geography and Regional Science [BCS-024310]; GK-12 programs FX Many individuals provided us with valuable feedback, including K. Hansen Crawford, H.-P. Marshall, K. Kronholm, D. Myers and M. Schneebeli. We thank additional field crew members P. Bell, H. Buxton, K. Engelhardt, P. Jenkins, M. Klick, K. Kronholm, S. Leirfallom, S. Logan, R. Lutz-Mountain, S. Moore and K. Scheler. We thank the Gallatin National Forest Avalanche Center for monitoring weak-layer development and for providing back-up snowmobiles. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback that helped clarify this paper. Partial funding for this work was provided by the US National Science Foundation's Geography and Regional Science (grant No. BCS-024310) and GK-12 programs. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 202 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 809VB UT WOS:000294083700017 ER PT J AU Liu, L Liang, S Chen, L Yuan, P Huang, Q Yam, KL AF Liu, L. Liang, S. Chen, L. Yuan, P. Huang, Q. Yam, K. L. TI EFFECT OF CHITOSAN MOLECULAR WEIGHT ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CHITOSAN MODIFIED NANOCLAY IN HIGHLY HYDRATED STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE BALKAN TRIBOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE chitosan; molecular weight; clay; hydrated state; rheological behaviour ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; SITU INTERCALATIVE POLYMERIZATION; AQUEOUS CLAY SUSPENSIONS; FLOW BEHAVIOR; MONTMORILLONITE; DISPERSIONS; HYDROGELS; DYNAMICS; SCATTERING; STABILITY AB Effect of chitosan molecular weight (M(cs)) on the rheological properties of chitosan-modified clay (CMCs) at highly hydrated state was investigated. With special emphasis on its effect on the thixotropy of CMCs, the structure recovery at rest after underwent a pre-shearing process was further performed by the oscillatory shear measurements in the linear viscoelastic region. It was observed that both stress-strain behaviour and moduli of CMCs are closely correlated to M(cs). An interesting slope transition from negative to positive in the tan delta versus Ig omega plot is observed at omega = 2.5 rad/s. The value of tan delta < 0.5 over the entire range of frequency suggests a strong association in CMCs and a dominant elastic response of CMCs. Small peak-like transition of the shear viscosity, which denotes the yield region of the CMCs network, shifts to high shear rate with the increase of M(cs). Remarkably different thixotropic behaviour of these considered CMCs are observed relating to M(cs).G'(After) of CMCs with high M(cs) shows a linearly monotonic increase with the increase of the testing time, which well matches the power law of G'(After) similar to t(n). G'(After) of those CMCs with low M(cs), however, is distinctly deviated from the power law and possesses an exponential increase. The deviation of G'(After) becomes more marked with the decrease of M(cs). Furthermore, the effect of the pre-shearing history on the thixotropic properties of CMCs is performed by employing a large range of the pre-shear rate. Analysis of the empirical Cox Merz rule indicates a failure of the rule in CMCs system. CMCs prepared from low M(cs) chitosan are easier to be orientated at low shear rate. C1 [Liu, L.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Liang, S.; Chen, L.; Yuan, P.; Huang, Q.; Yam, K. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Liu, L (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM linshu.liu@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35503-17568] FX We thank Dr. Jozef Kokini for the use of rheology instruments. This work was Supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2006-35503-17568 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Program on Improving Food Quality and Value. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIBULCOM LTD PI SOFIA PA PO BOX 249, 1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA SN 1310-4772 J9 J BALK TRIBOL ASSOC JI J. Balk. Tribol. Assoc. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 247 EP 261 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 809FI UT WOS:000294036800009 ER PT B AU Birkett, C Reynolds, C Beckley, B Doorn, B AF Birkett, C. Reynolds, C. Beckley, B. Doorn, B. BE Vignudelli, S Kostianoy, AG Cipollini, P Benveniste, J TI From Research to Operations: The USDA Global Reservoir and Lake Monitor SO COASTAL ALTIMETRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Lakes; Reservoirs; Satellite radar altimetry; Surface water level ID ALTIMETRY C1 [Birkett, C.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Reynolds, C.; Doorn, B.] Foreign Agr Serv, Int Prod Assessments Branch, Off Global Anal, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Beckley, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birkett, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. EM cmb@essic.umd.edu; curt.reynolds@fas.usda.gov; brian.o.beckley@nasa.gov; bradley.doorn@nasa.gov NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12795-3 PY 2011 BP 19 EP 50 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0 PG 32 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BTY27 UT WOS:000288421900002 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Fuels SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800001 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Thermodynamics of Combustion SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 15 EP 47 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800002 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Chemical Kinetics SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 49 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800003 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Review of Transport Equations and Properties SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800004 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Ignition Phenomena SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 89 EP 109 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800005 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Premixed Flames SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 111 EP 137 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800006 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Non-premixed Flames (Diffusion Flames) SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800007 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Droplet Evaporation and Combustion SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 155 EP 175 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800008 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Emissions SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 177 EP 198 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800009 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Premixed Piston IC Engines SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 199 EP 226 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800010 ER PT S AU McAllister, S Chen, JY Fernandez-Pello, AC AF McAllister, Sara Chen, Jyh-Yuan Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos BA McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC BF McAllister, S Chen, JY FernandezPello, AC TI Diesel Engines SO FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES SE Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McAllister, Sara; Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; smcallister@fs.fed.us; jychen@me.berkeley.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0941-5122 BN 978-1-4419-7942-1 J9 MECH ENG SER PY 2011 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7943-8 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BVI65 UT WOS:000291620800011 ER PT J AU Cole, WJ Dennis, MH Fletcher, TH Weise, DR AF Cole, Wesley J. Dennis, McKaye H. Fletcher, Thomas H. Weise, David R. TI The effects of wind on the flame characteristics of individual leaves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE flame angle; flame geometry; live fuels; wildfire ID IGNITION BEHAVIOR; ENERGY CRITERION; FIRE; SPREAD; FOREST; MODEL; FUEL; COMBUSTION; MOISTURE; GEOMETRY AB Individual cuttings from five shrub species were burned over a flat-flame burner under wind conditions of 0.75-2.80 m s(-1). Both live and dead cuttings were used. These included single leaves from broadleaf species as well as 3 to 5 cm-long branches from coniferous and small broadleaf species. Flame angles and flame lengths were determined by semi-automated measurements of video images. Additional data, such as times and temperatures corresponding to ignition, maximum flame height and burnout were determined using video and infrared images. Flame angles correlated linearly with wind velocity. They also correlated with the Froude number when either the flame length or flame height was used. Flame angles in individual leaf experiments were generally 50 to 70% less than flame angles derived from Froude number correlations reported in the literature for fuel-bed experiments. Although flame angles increased with fuel mass and moisture content, they were unaffected by fuel species. Flame lengths and flame heights decreased with moisture contents and wind speed but increased with mass. In most cases, samples burned with wind conditions ignited less quickly and at lower temperatures than samples burned without wind. Most samples contained moisture at the time of ignition. Results of this small-scale approach (e.g. using individual cuttings) apply to ignition of shrubs and to flame propagation in shrubs of low bulk density. This research is one of the few attempts to characterise single-leaf and small-branch combustion behaviour in wind and is crucial to the continued development of a semi-empirical shrub combustion model. C1 [Cole, Wesley J.; Dennis, McKaye H.; Fletcher, Thomas H.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Weise, David R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Fletcher, TH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM tom_fletcher@byu.edu FU USDA; USDI with the Forest Fire Laboratory, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Riverside, CA [06-JV-11272166-060] FX This research was funded by the USDA and USDI National Fire Plan administered through a Research Joint Venture Agreement (no. 06-JV-11272166-060) with the Forest Fire Laboratory, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Riverside, CA. Special thanks go to Dr David Lignell for his assistance in developing the code used for automated flame angle analysis. We would also like to thank Joey Chong for the collection and shipping of live samples from California to Brigham Young University. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 BP 657 EP 667 DI 10.1071/WF10019 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 804GD UT WOS:000293641400004 ER PT J AU Peppin, DL Fule, PZ Sieg, CH Beyers, JL Hunter, ME Robichaud, PR AF Peppin, Donna L. Fule, Peter Z. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Beyers, Jan L. Hunter, Molly E. Robichaud, Peter R. TI Recent trends in post-wildfire seeding in western US forests: costs and seed mixes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE annual cereal grains; Burned Area Emergency Response; native plant species ID PLANT INVASIONS; FIRE SEVERITY; SIERRA-NEVADA; IMPACTS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; RECOVERY; EROSION AB Broadcast seeding is one of the most commonly used post-fire rehabilitation treatments to establish ground cover for erosion control and mitigation of non-native plant species invasions. Little quantitative information is available on overall trends of post-fire seeding expenditures and seed mixes used over time in forested ecosystems in the western USA. We reviewed scientific articles, government publications and unpublished documents as well as USDA Forest Service Burned Area Reports to determine trends in post-fire seeding in forested ecosystems over time. Of 1164 USDA Forest Service Burned Area Reports, 380 contained information on seeding treatments conducted in forested ecosystems. A review of 40 papers and 67 Burned Area Reports reporting species seeded between 1970 and 2007 revealed a trend of increasing use of native species, annual cereal grains and sterile-grass hybrids, with natives dominating seed mixes. According to 380 Burned Area Reports with data on costs and area seeded, total post-fire seeding expenditures have increased substantially, averaging US$3.3 million per year spent on post-fire emergency seeding treatments in forested ecosystems that involved the Forest Service during the period 2000 to 2007 - an increase of 192% compared with the average spent during the previous 30 years. The percentage of the total burned area seeded averaged 21% in the 1970s, compared with only 4% between 2000 and 2007. C1 [Peppin, Donna L.; Fule, Peter Z.; Hunter, Molly E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beyers, Jan L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Robichaud, Peter R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Fule, PZ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15081, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM pete.fule@nau.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [08-2-1-11] FX This research was supported by a grant from Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP, Project ID 08-2-1-11), an interagency research, development and applications partnership between the US Department of Interior and the US Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 21 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.1071/WF10044 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 804GD UT WOS:000293641400008 ER PT J AU Graham, JR Ellis, JD Benda, ND Kurtzman, CP Boucias, DG AF Graham, Jason R. Ellis, James D. Benda, Nicole D. Kurtzman, Cletus P. Boucias, Drion G. TI Kodamaea ohmeri(Ascomycota: Saccharomycotina) presence in commercial Bombus impatiens Cresson and feral Bombus pensylvanicus DeGeer (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Bombus impatiens; Bombus pensylvanicus; Kodamaea ohmeri; Apis mellifera ID SMALL HIVE BEETLE; AETHINA-TUMIDA COLEOPTERA; HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; CARPOPHILUS-HUMERALIS; YEAST COMMUNITIES; PICHIA-OHMERI; IDENTIFICATION; NITIDULIDAE; VOLATILES; COMPONENTS AB In this study, eight commercial and three feral bumble bee (Bombus impatiens Cresson and Bombus pensylvanicus DeGeer respectively, Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies were tested for the presence of Kodamaea ohmeri(Ascomycota: Saccharomycotina), a yeast known to attract small hive beetles (SHB) (Aethina tumida Murray, Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to honey bee (Apis mellifera L, Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies. Swabs of commercial bumble bee colonies and homogenates of bumble bee colony components (adults, brood, honey, pollen and wax) were plated on selective media. The resulting yeast isolates were compared to K. ohmeri previously isolated from SHB. Yeasts were detected in all of the commercial bumble bee colony swab samples (n = 56) and a selected subsample was shown through molecular, chemical, and microbiological evidence to be K. ohmeri: For the second part of the study, feral bumble bee colonies were excavated and evaluated for the presence of any SHB life stage (none was found). Adult bees and swabs from the colonies were plated on selective media. Kodamaea ohmeri was isolated in all samples collected from the feral bumble bee colonies. The presence of K. ohmeri in commercial and feral bumble bee colonies is of concern, as SHB, which harbour K ohmeri; are attracted to the volatiles produced by K ohmeri growing on bee collected pollen. C1 [Graham, Jason R.; Ellis, James D.; Boucias, Drion G.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Graham, Jason R.; Benda, Nicole D.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Kurtzman, Cletus P.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Graham, JR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620,Bldg 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jgraham@ufl.edu RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.50.3.06 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 805VK UT WOS:000293756900006 ER PT J AU Stanley, CA Pitts-Singer, TL AF Stanley, Cory A. Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. TI Attraction to old nest cues during nest selection by the solitary bee Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nest selection; olfactory cues; dispersal; retention; solitary bee; Megachilidae; alfalfa leafcutting bee; Megachile rotundata ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; LOCATION AB The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata F. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), is an important pollinator for the commercial production of alfalfa seed. Poor nest establishment is, however, an ongoing problem for bee managers. Megachile rotundata are solitary yet gregarious bees that nest in pre-existing cavities and are attracted to previously used nests. Nest cells contain several components that may serve as cues for nesting females. In the current study, we sought to: 1. determine if there is a preference for cells that previously held male or female conspecific bees; 2. verify attraction to conspecific whole nest cells; and 3. determine which individual nest components of a cell are attractive to nesting females. In a series of cage and open field experiments, M. rotundata females were allowed to initiate nests in blocks containing whole cells or individual cell components from old nests. Statistical analyses of results verified the attraction to conspecific nest cells, with no preference for male or female cells. Females were equally attracted to whole cells from conspecifics and from another megachilid bee, Osmia lignaria. In field cages, females were equally attracted to all cell components, but preferred some cell components over others in open field experiments. These results provide a foundation for future studies to identify potential chemical lures to aid in the retention of bee populations at commercial nest sites. C1 [Stanley, Cory A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pitts-Singer, Theresa L.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Stanley, CA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM cory.stanley@usu.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.50.3.07 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 805VK UT WOS:000293756900007 ER PT J AU Winsten, JR Baffaut, C Britt, J Borisova, T Ingels, C Brown, S AF Winsten, Jonathan R. Baffaut, Claire Britt, Joseph Borisova, Tatiana Ingels, Chad Brown, Susan TI Performance-based incentives for agricultural pollution control: identifying and assessing performance measures in the United States SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Cost-effectiveness; Nonpoint source pollution; Performance-based incentives; Policy; Water quality ID MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ADOPTION; FARM AB Current federal and state soil and water conservation programs consist primarily of cost-sharing or compensating farmers for implementing a set of pre-defined best management practices. This approach does not consider specific environmental outcomes or the cost-effectiveness of the program at the farm or watershed level. Performance-based incentives are payments that are attached to a specified environmental performance measure, for example a reduction in nutrient, sediment, pesticide, or bacteria loss from a field, or reduction in loading at the mouth of a watershed. Assessing environmental performance requires the definition of a performance measure, which is used to calculate resulting incentive payments. In this paper, we discuss issues related to the selection of a performance measure, such as the scale at which the performance is measured, modeling versus monitoring, and the ability of the measure to foster farmer learning and adaptive management. Numerous examples of performance measures adopted or considered by watershed stakeholders in several states are presented. Watershed managers, policy makers, and extension agents can consider this information to make informed choices among proposed approaches toward improving water quality in streams affected by agricultural nonpoint source pollution. C1 [Winsten, Jonathan R.] Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Baffaut, Claire] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Britt, Joseph] Sand Cty Fdn, Monona, WI 53716 USA. [Borisova, Tatiana] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ingels, Chad; Brown, Susan] Iowa State Univ, Extens Watershed Projects, Fayette, IA 52164 USA. RP Winsten, JR (reprint author), Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, 2121 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM jwinsten@winrock.org FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-51130-03668] FX This paper results from a project supported by the National Integrated Water Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, under grant number 2006-51130-03668. The authors express their gratitude to the many participants of the two workshops in which this paper was developed. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 677 EP 692 DI 10.2166/wp.2011.055 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 806QB UT WOS:000293823600006 ER PT J AU Witmer, GW Fuller, PL AF Witmer, Gary W. Fuller, Pam L. TI Vertebrate species introductions in the United States and its territories SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eradication; Introductions; Invasive species; Management; United States ID ISLANDS; ERADICATION AB At least 1,065 introduced vertebrate species have been introduced in the United States and its territories, including at least 86 mammalian, 127 avian, 179 reptilian/amphibian, and 673 fish species. Examples in each major taxonomic group include domestic cat, small Indian mongoose, red fox, goat, pig, rabbit, rats, house mouse, gray squirrel, nutria, starling, Indian common myna, red-vented bulbul, brown treesnake, red-eared slider, brown trout, tilapia, and grass carp. We briefly review some of these species and the types of damage they cause. We then review the basic types of methods used for control or eradication of each taxonomic group, including physical, chemical, biological, and cultural methods. We discuss some of the challenges in managing these species, including issues with the use of toxicants, land access, public attitudes, and monitoring difficulties. Finally, we list some ongoing research and future research needs, including improved detection methods, improved attractants, improved barriers, improved capture methods, fertility control, and risk assessment methods [Current Zoology 57 (5): 559-567, 2011]. C1 [Witmer, Gary W.] USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Fuller, Pam L.] USGS, BRD, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gary.w.witmer@aphis.usda.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 43 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 559 EP 567 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 800EX UT WOS:000293343700002 ER PT S AU Riley, RT Voss, KA Coulombe, RA Pestka, JJ Williams, DE AF Riley, R. T. Voss, K. A. Coulombe, R. A. Pestka, J. J. Williams, D. E. BE DeSaeger, S TI Developing mechanism-based and exposure biomarkers for mycotoxins in animals SO DETERMINING MYCOTOXINS AND MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI IN FOOD AND FEED SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus; biomarkers; deoxynivalenol; fumonisin; Fusarium; mycotoxins; Penicillium; ochratoxin; trichothecene; zearalenone ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; RIBOTOXIC STRESS-RESPONSE; FREE SPHINGOID BASES; FUMONISIN B-1; OCHRATOXIN-A; AFLATOXIN B-1; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; CULTURE MATERIAL; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE AB The purpose of this review is to summarize briefly the toxicology and current state of biomarker development for commercially important mycotoxins. Combining information about known exposure, clinical indicators and biomarkers will provide a potential bioinformatic 'silver bullet' for identifying disease causation in the most economical and definitive manner. There is no single diagnostic approach that can identify/pinpoint when a disease outbreak is due to exposure to a mycotoxin or even when a mycotoxin could be a possible contributing factor to a disease outbreak of unknown etiology. One major problem is that the dose-response studies necessary to reveal the threshold for changes in mechanism-specific biochemical alterations (mechanism-based biomarkers) often have not been statistically correlated with thresholds for disease progression and exposure biomarkers ( parent compound or a metabolite in tissues/fluids). The key is to better define the underlying biochemical changes and thresholds that ultimately lead to adverse effects. To accomplish this, the first site of action or more precisely, the proximate cause for all the downstream effects must be identified. The development of validated biomarkers is critical to the effort to reduce the existing uncertainty in the risk assessment of most mycotoxins and to be able to predict with some degree of certainty when a specific mycotoxin is a contributing factor in a disease outbreak. C1 [Riley, R. T.; Voss, K. A.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Coulombe, R. A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pestka, J. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Williams, D. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM Ron.riley@ars.usda.gov RI Coulombe, Roger/G-7523-2012 NR 158 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-674-0 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 203 BP 245 EP 275 D2 10.1533/9780857090973 PG 31 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVR00 UT WOS:000292496700010 ER PT S AU Brown, DW Butchko, RAE Proctor, RH AF Brown, D. W. Butchko, R. A. E. Proctor, R. H. BE DeSaeger, S TI Identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis SO DETERMINING MYCOTOXINS AND MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI IN FOOD AND FEED SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fusarium verticillioides; genomic; microarrays; mycotoxins; secondary metabolites ID POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; SECONDARY METABOLISM; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; FUMONISIN PRODUCTION; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; GENOMICS; GRAMINEARUM AB Research methods to identify and characterize genes involved in mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways have evolved considerably. Before whole genome sequences were available (e. g. pre-genomics), work focused primarily on chemistry, biosynthetic mutant strains and molecular analysis of single or relatively small numbers of genes. In recent years, reductions in the cost of DNA sequencing technologies have made genomic methods more widely available. The availability of whole genome sequence for multiple mycotoxin-producing fungi has led to important discoveries both within single genomes and between genomes via comparative genomics (post-genomic). The ability to analyze simultaneously the expression of a large number of genes through expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) and microarrays (transcriptomics) has also had a significant impact on gene cluster identification. This chapter discusses the pre-genomics strategies used to identify toxin biosynthetic genes/gene clusters in fungi as well as more recently developed genomic strategies that greatly enhance the efficiency of the identification process. Pregenomic researchers focused on analysis of a small number of genes, while post-genomic researchers can compare genomes and examine transcription patterns of thousands of genes at a time to help define biosynthetically related genes involved in mycotoxin synthesis. An examination of two Fusarium secondary metabolites (SMs), the mycotoxins fumonisins and a perithecial pigment, provide models for similar studies of other fungi. The identification of additional mycotoxin gene clusters in other fungi will proceed significantly faster in the future using genomic technologies. C1 [Brown, D. W.; Butchko, R. A. E.; Proctor, R. H.] ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM daren.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-674-0 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 203 BP 332 EP 348 D2 10.1533/9780857090973 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVR00 UT WOS:000292496700013 ER PT B AU Witmer, G Single, G AF Witmer, Gary Single, Grant BE Wager, FC TI SUSTAINED AGRICULTURE: THE NEED TO MANAGE RODENT DAMAGE SO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SE Agriculture Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIRALLY VECTORED IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; MICE MUS-DOMESTICUS; ECOLOGICALLY-BASED MANAGEMENT; MASTOMYS-NATALENSIS SMITH; HOUSE MOUSE-POPULATIONS; SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; IFUGAO RICE TERRACES; SMALL MAMMALS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; RATTUS-ARGENTIVENTER C1 [Witmer, Gary] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Single, Grant] Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. RP Witmer, G (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gary.w.witmer@aphis.usda.gov NR 232 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61668-695-6 J9 AGR ISSUES POLICIES PY 2011 BP 1 EP 38 PG 38 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BTE53 UT WOS:000286642000001 ER PT B AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. BE Tomes, D Lakshmanan, P Songstad, D TI Biodiesel Production, Properties, and Feedstocks SO BIOFUELS: GLOBAL IMPACT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alternative feedstocks; Biodiesel; Fatty acid FAME; Fuel properties; Methanolysis; Transesterification ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; OIL METHYL-ESTERS; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; BASE-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; DIESEL FUEL BLENDS; L. SEED OIL; MIXED METHANOL/ETHANOL SYSTEM; IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION; BRANCHED-CHAIN DERIVATIVES AB Biodiesel defined as the mono alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats is an environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum diesel fuel (petrodiesel) Produced by transesterification with a monohydric alcohol usually methanol biodiesel has many important technical advantages over petrodiesel such as inherent lubricity low toxicity derivation from a renewable and domestic feed stock superior flash point and biodegradability negligible sulfur content and lower exhaust emissions Important disadvantages of biodiesel include high feedstock cost inferior storage and oxidative stability lower volumetric energy content inferior low temperature operability and in some cases higher NO exhaust emissions This chapter covers the process by which biodiesel is prepared the types of catalysts that may be used for the production of biodiesel the influence of free fatty acids on biodiesel production the use of different monohydric alcohols in the preparation of biodiesel the influence of biodiesel composition on fuel properties the influence of blending biodiesel with other fuels on fuel properties alternative uses for biodiesel and value added uses of glycerol a co product of biodiesel production A particular emphasis is placed on alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production Lastly future challenges and outlook for biodiesel are discussed C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 298 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7144-9 PY 2011 BP 285 EP 347 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6 PG 63 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA BSN38 UT WOS:000285020800015 ER PT J AU Waters, ODC Lichtenzveig, J Rybak, K Friesen, TL Oliver, RP AF Waters, Ormonde D. C. Lichtenzveig, Judith Rybak, Kasia Friesen, Timothy L. Oliver, Richard P. TI Prevalence and importance of sensitivity to the Stagonospora nodorum necrotrophic effector SnTox3 in current Western Australian wheat cultivars SO CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TAN SPOT; TSN1-TOXA INTERACTION; BLOTCH; GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOSYSTEM; TOXIN AB Stagonospora nodorum is a major pathogen of wheat in many parts of the world and particularly in Western Australia. The pathosystem is characterised by interactions of multiple pathogen necrotrophic effectors (NE) (formerly host-specific toxins) with corresponding dominant host sensitivity loci. To date, five NE interactions have been reported in S. nodorum. Two proteinaceous NE (ToxA and SnTox3) have been cloned and expressed in microbial systems. The identification of wheat cultivars lacking sensitivity to one or more NE is a promising way to identify cultivars suitable for use in breeding for increased resistance to this economically important pathogen. The prevalence of sensitivity to the NE SnTox3 was investigated in 60 current Western Australian-adapted bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Infiltration of SnTox3 into seedling leaves caused a moderate or strong necrotic response in 52 cultivars. Six cultivars were insensitive and two cultivars exhibited a weak chlorotic response. Five of the cultivars that were insensitive or weakly sensitive to SnTox3 were noticeably more resistant to the disease. The 60 cultivars gave a very similar reaction to SnTox3 and to the crude S. nodorum SN15 culture filtrate demonstrating that SnTox3 is the dominant NE in this isolate. We conclude that a simple screen using both SnTox3 and ToxA effectors combined with simple greenhouse disease evaluation, will allow breeders to select cultivars that are more resistant to the disease, allowing them to concentrate resources on other still intractable breeding objectives. C1 [Waters, Ormonde D. C.; Lichtenzveig, Judith; Rybak, Kasia; Oliver, Richard P.] Curtin Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Dept Agr & Environm, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Oliver, RP (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Dept Agr & Environm, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. EM Richard.Oliver@curtin.edu.au FU Australia Grains Research and Development Corporation [UMU00022, UMU00027] FX This work was funded by the Australia Grains Research and Development Corporation UMU00022 and UMU00027. We thank the Australian Winter Cereals Collection and DAFWA for the wheat cultivars. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0947 J9 CROP PASTURE SCI JI Crop Pasture Sci. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 7 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1071/CP11004 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 798EY UT WOS:000293186600003 ER PT J AU Peterson, JA Lundgren, JG Harwood, JD AF Peterson, Julie A. Lundgren, Jonathan G. Harwood, James D. TI Interactions of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crops with spiders (Araneae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Spiders; genetically modified organisms; GMO; non-target risk-assessment; agroecosystem; Bt toxin ID BT COTTON FIELDS; GROUND-DWELLING ARTHROPODS; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED BT; PREDATOR CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA; LINYPHIID SPIDERS; NONTARGET ARTHROPODS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES AB Genetically modified crops expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have dramatically increased in acreage since their introduction in the mid-1990's. Although the insecticidal mechanisms of Bt target specific pests, concerns persist regarding direct and indirect effects on non-target organisms. In the field, spiders may be exposed to Bt toxins via multiple routes, including phytophagy and pollenivory, consumption of Bt-containing prey, and soil exudates in the detrital food web. Beyond direct toxicity, Bt crops may also have indirect impacts, including pleiotropic and prey-mediated effects. Here, we comprehensively review the literature and use meta-analyses to reveal that foliar spider abundance is unaffected by Bt corn and eggplant, while cotton and rice revealed minor negative effects and there were positive effects from potato. Moreover, the soil-dwelling community of spiders was unaffected by Bt corn and cotton, while positively impacted in potato. However, Bt crops had higher populations of both foliar and epigeal spiders than insecticide-treated non-Bt crops. The current risk-assessment literature has several caveats that could limit interpretations of the data, including lack of taxonomic resolution and sampling methods that bias the results in favor of certain spiders. These families responded differently to Bt crops, and spider responses to insecticides are species- and toxin-specific, thus highlighting the need for greater taxonomic resolution. Bt crops have become a prominent, and increasingly dominant, part of the agricultural landscape; understanding their interactions with spiders, a diverse and integral component of agroecosystems, is therefore essential. C1 [Peterson, Julie A.; Harwood, James D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Peterson, JA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, S-225 Agr Sci Bldg N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM julie.peterson@uky.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2006-39454-17446]; University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [KY008043] FX We are grateful to Kacie J. Johansen for valuable comments on an earlier draft and suggestions from anonymous reviewers that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by USDA-CSREES Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant #2006-39454-17446. JDH is supported by the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State Project KY008043. This is publication number 10-08-117 of the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 258 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 11 U2 92 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 797FP UT WOS:000293110200001 ER PT J AU Smiley, RW Yan, GP Pinkerton, JN AF Smiley, Richard W. Yan, Guiping Pinkerton, John N. TI Resistance of wheat, barley and oat to Heterodera avenae in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; Avena sterilis; breeding; cereal cyst nematode; Cre1; Hordeum vulgare; resistance; Triticum aestivum ID CEREAL CYST-NEMATODE; SPECIES COMPLEX; WINTER-WHEAT; POPULATIONS; PATHOTYPES; WOLL; PRATYLENCHUS; POLYMORPHISM; CULTIVARS; VARIETIES AB The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenue, occurs in at least seven western states of the USA and reduces grain yield in localised regions and in selected crop management systems. Virulence phenotypes for H. avenae populations in North America have not been reported. Nine individual assays in six experiments were conducted to determine the reactions of barley, oat and wheat cultivars to five H. avenue populations in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) states of Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Three populations were evaluated for virulence to 23 entries of the 'International Test Assortment for Defining Cereal Cyst Nematode Pathotypes', plus selected local cultivars and entries representing a greater diversity of resistance genes. The virulence phenotype(s) for populations of H. avenue in the PNW did not correspond to any of the 11 pathotypes defined by the Test Assortment. Five PNW populations exhibited affinities with Group 2 but were not defined by pathotypes Ha12 and Ha22. Reproduction was prevented or greatly inhibited by barley carrying the Rha3 resistance gene and by most carriers of Rha2 resistance, and by selected oat cultivars with multigenic resistance. Wheat cultivars carrying the Cre1 resistance gene were highly effective in suppressing H. avenae reproduction. Current PNW wheat cultivars do not carry the Cre1 resistance gene. Crosses between Ouyen, an Australian bread wheat with Cre1 resistance, and several PNW wheat cultivars were resistant. The CreR gene also prevented H. avenue reproduction in the trial where it was tested. Intermediate levels of reproduction occurred on wheat cultivars carrying the Cre5, Cre7 and Cre8 resistance genes, each of which was considered useful for pyramiding into cultivars with Cre1 resistance. This research identified genetic resources of value in PNW cereal crop breeding programmes. C1 [Smiley, Richard W.; Yan, Guiping] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Pinkerton, John N.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Smiley, RW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM richard.smiley@oregonstate.edu FU Idaho Wheat Commission; Oregon Wheat Commission; Washington Grain Alliance; Oregon Agricultural Research Foundation; Oregon State University subcontract to the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (SCA) [58-5348-4-464] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge growers Roger Davis, Dale Daw, Dave Eischen, Robert Stueckle and Guy Weishaar for allowing soil samples to be collected from their farms. We also appreciated technical assistance and coordination by Sandra Easley, Shannon Goff, Jennifer Gourlie, Jason Sheedy, Alison Thompson, Hui Yan and Tina Zeckman. Assistance in collecting soil was provided by Drs Timothy Paulitz (USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, USA) and Juliet Windes (University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID, USA). Seed was supplied by Dr Stig Andersson (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden), Nordic Gene Bank (Alnarp, Sweden), Dr Julie Nicol (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, International Wheat Improvement Program, Ankara, Turkey), Australian Winter Cereals Collection (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth, NSW, Australia) and USDA-Agricultural Research Service (National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen, ID, USA). The authors also thank Dr Stig Andersson for thoughtful guidance in the preparation of this manuscript. This research was funded by the Idaho Wheat Commission, Oregon Wheat Commission, Washington Grain Alliance, Oregon Agricultural Research Foundation, and an Oregon State University subcontract to the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (SCA#58-5348-4-464, "Control of Root Diseases of Wheat and Barley"). NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2011 VL 13 BP 539 EP 552 DI 10.1163/138855410X531862 PN 5 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 797RO UT WOS:000293145600004 ER PT J AU Shi, Q Vitchuli, N Nowak, J Noar, J Caldwell, JM Breidt, F Bourham, M McCord, M Zhang, XW AF Shi, Quan Vitchuli, Narendiran Nowak, Joshua Noar, Jesse Caldwell, Jane M. Breidt, Frederick Bourham, Mohamed McCord, Marian Zhang, Xiangwu TI One-step synthesis of silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 nanofibers and their antibacterial properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NANOFIBERS; POLYACRYLONITRILE NANOFIBERS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; CHEMICAL-REDUCTION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOFIBERS; COMPOSITES; FIBERS; ROUTE; FABRICATION AB A novel and facile one-step approach to in situ synthesize silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 nanofibers by electrospinning is reported. The method does not need post-treatments and can be carried out at ambient conditions without using additional chemicals. It employs the electrospinning solvent as a reducing agent for in situ conversion of AgNO(3) into silver nanoparticles during the solution preparation. The resultant silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 hybrid nanofibers show an excellent fibrous structure (fiber diameter at 50-150 nm), with narrow size 2-4 nm silver nanoparticles uniformly dispersed throughout the nylon 6 matrix. DSC analysis shows that the in situ incorporation of silver nanoparticles increased the T(g) and crystallinity of the resultant nanofibers. These silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 nanofibers exhibit a steady and long-lasting silver ion release behavior, and robust antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive B. cereus and Gram-negative E. coli microorganisms. C1 [Nowak, Joshua; Bourham, Mohamed] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Shi, Quan; Vitchuli, Narendiran; McCord, Marian; Zhang, Xiangwu] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Noar, Jesse; Caldwell, Jane M.; Breidt, Frederick] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Noar, Jesse; Caldwell, Jane M.; Breidt, Frederick] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCord, Marian] N Carolina State Univ, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCord, Marian] Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Bourham, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bourham@ncsu.edu; mmccord@ncsu.edu; xiangwu_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Huang, Lihong/G-5427-2011; Shi, Quan/G-5461-2011; VitchuliGangadharan, Narendiran/F-6106-2013; Zhang, Xiangwu/F-1013-2011; McCord, Marian/A-7790-2015; OI VitchuliGangadharan, Narendiran/0000-0003-2692-5848; Zhang, Xiangwu/0000-0002-6236-6281; Noar, Jesse/0000-0001-5879-6468 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BB08PRO008] FX The research work was financially supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Award no. BB08PRO008). NR 38 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 58 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 28 BP 10330 EP 10335 DI 10.1039/c1jm11492a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 795OF UT WOS:000292982800017 ER PT B AU Baranowski, T AF Baranowski, Tom BE Watson, RR Gerald, JK Preedy, VR TI The Economic Value of Dietary Supplements SO NUTRIENTS, DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, AND NUTRICEUTICALS: COST ANALYSIS VERSUS CLINICAL BENEFITS SE Nutrition and Health Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cost; Dietary supplement; Economics; Least cost diet; Linear program ID VEGETABLE AVAILABILITY; FOOD CHOICE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; HOME FRUIT; VALIDATION; JUICE; QUESTIONNAIRE; CONSUMPTION; SCALES; MODEL C1 USDA ARS, Behav Nutr Grp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Behav Nutr Grp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St,Rm 2058, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60761-307-7 J9 NUTR HEALTH SER JI Nutr. Health Ser. PY 2011 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-308-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-308-4 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BSV07 UT WOS:000285854400005 ER PT B AU Callaway, TR Carroll, JA Arthington, JD Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Ricke, SC Crandall, P Collier, C Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, Todd R. Carroll, Jeff A. Arthington, John D. Edrington, Tom S. Anderson, Robin C. Ricke, Steve C. Crandall, Phil Collier, Chad Nisbet, David J. BE Watson, RR Gerald, JK Preedy, VR TI Citrus Products and Their Use Against Bacteria: Potential Health and Cost Benefits SO NUTRIENTS, DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, AND NUTRICEUTICALS: COST ANALYSIS VERSUS CLINICAL BENEFITS SE Nutrition and Health Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; Orange pulp; Preharvest intervention; Salmonella ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; VITRO RUMINAL FERMENTATION; ESSENTIAL OILS; IN-VITRO; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; ORANGE-PULP; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY C1 [Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Tom S.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Carroll, Jeff A.; Collier, Chad] Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Arthington, John D.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. [Ricke, Steve C.; Crandall, Phil] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60761-307-7 J9 NUTR HEALTH SER JI Nutr. Health Ser. PY 2011 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-308-4_17 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-308-4 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BSV07 UT WOS:000285854400017 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Prestemon, JP Gebert, K AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Gebert, Krista TI The Effect of Newspaper Coverage and Political Pressure on Wildfire Suppression Costs SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE endogeneity; forestry; media coverage; political influence ID SOCIAL AMPLIFICATION; FOREST SERVICE; RISK; EXPENDITURES; FORECASTS; AREA AB Controlling wildfire suppression expenditures has become a major public policy concern in the United States. However, most policy remedies have focused on the biophysical determinants of suppression costs: fuel loads and weather, for example. We show that two non-biophysical variables-newspaper coverage and political pressure-have a significant effect on wildfire suppression costs. Hausman tests showed that newspaper coverage and fire size were endogenous, so regression models were estimated using two-stage least squares. We suggest a number of non-biophysical policy remedies that may be able to reduce wildfire suppression expenditures more cost-effectively than traditional biophysical remedies such as fuel management. C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gebert, Krista] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 8 BP 785 EP 798 DI 10.1080/08941921003649482 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 792QP UT WOS:000292764000002 ER PT J AU St Clair, JB Howe, GT AF St Clair, John Bradley Howe, Glenn Thomas TI Strategies for conserving forest genetic resources in the face of climate change SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; genetic conservation; adaptation ID DOUGLAS-FIR; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; FUTURE CLIMATES; ADAPTATION; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; FLOW; GENECOLOGY; MIGRATION AB Conservation of genetic diversity is important for continued evolution of populations to new environments, as well as continued availability of traits of interest in genetic improvement programs. Rapidly changing climates present new threats to the conservation of forest genetic resources. We can no longer assume that in situ reserves will continue to preserve existing genetic diversity. Management of reserves should become more active. In some reserves, existing genetic diversity should be preserved by creating stands that are more resistant to threats using silvicultural treatments such as thinning and prescribed burning. In other reserves, natural selection and adaptation to changed environments should be promoted by increasing within population genetic diversity and promoting gene flow. This may be done by locating reserves in areas of high environmental heterogeneity, minimizing fragmentation, and using assisted colonization to increase genetic diversity by establishing populations adapted to future climates within or adjacent to reserves. Threats to native stands from climate change and other interacting threats should bring a renewed importance to ex situ collections, particularly for rare and disjunct populations and those at the warmer and drier edges of a species range. Assisted colonization to move threatened populations to new environments must be considered as an additional conservation measure. C1 [St Clair, John Bradley] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Howe, Glenn Thomas] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP St Clair, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bstclair@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 27 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-008X J9 TURK J BOT JI Turk. J. Bot. PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.3906/bot-1012-98 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 794MJ UT WOS:000292901400010 ER PT J AU Jittayasothorn, Y Yang, Y Chen, S Wang, X Zhong, GY AF Jittayasothorn, Y. Yang, Y. Chen, S. Wang, X. Zhong, G. Y. TI Influences of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, plant genotypes, and tissue types on the induction of transgenic hairy roots in Vitis species SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE Vitis; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; hairy roots; genotype and tissue specificity ID GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; COMPOSITE PLANTS; GRAPEVINE; CULTURES; BIOLOGY AB In this study, we evaluated the influences of 3 Agrobactrium rhizogenes strains (15384, A4, and K599), 4 different tissue types (internodes, stem-cut and petiole-cut surfaces on in vitro plants, and young shoots excised from in vitro plants), and 14 Vitis species (Vitis cinerea, V. champinii, doaniana, V. ficifolia, V. flexuosa, V. girdiana, V. jacquemontii, labrusca, V. nesbittiana, V. novae-angliae, V. palmata, V. piasezkii, V. treleasii, and V. vinifera) on the induction of transgenic hairy roots. Our results revealed that both 15834 and A4, but not K599, were effective in inducing hairy roots in Vitis species and that different Vitis species and tissue types responded differently to hairy root induction. Among the 14 species evaluated, V. champinii, V. cinerea, V. labrusca, V. treleasii, and V. vinifera-1044 produced hairy roots within a 2-week observation period when the induction was carried out on in vitro plants. Compared with the tissues of stem-cut and petiole-cut surface, the internode tissue showed a higher efficiency for hairy root induction. We further revealed that when young shoots were excised from in vitro plants and used as inoculation material, the overall induction efficiency of hairy roots could be much improved. In addition, we also investigated the feasibility of producing composite plants with transgenic hairy roots and non-transgenic shoots. Although a number of such in vitro composite plants were established from inoculated young shoots, none of them were successfully maintained after being transplanted to pot soil. C1 [Jittayasothorn, Y.; Yang, Y.; Chen, S.; Wang, X.; Zhong, G. Y.] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Zhong, GY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, 630 W N St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM ganyuan.zhong@ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Shiyan/N-1832-2014 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU JKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNG PI SIEBELDINGEN PA GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 797CZ UT WOS:000293103400002 ER PT J AU Beckman, J Jones, CA Sands, R AF Beckman, Jayson Jones, Carol Adaire Sands, Ronald TI A GLOBAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF BIOFUEL MANDATES AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE C1 [Beckman, Jayson; Jones, Carol Adaire; Sands, Ronald] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Beckman, J (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 334 EP 341 DI 10.1093/ajae/aaq086 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 789XH UT WOS:000292552000008 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ AF Alig, Ralph J. TI LAND USE AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON MITIGATION OPTIONS: DISCUSSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 356 EP 357 DI 10.1093/ajae/aaq085 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 789XH UT WOS:000292552000011 ER PT J AU Buzby, JC Roberts, D AF Buzby, Jean C. Roberts, Donna TI FOOD TRADE AND FOOD SAFETY VIOLATIONS: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM IMPORT REFUSAL DATA? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 [Buzby, Jean C.; Roberts, Donna] ERS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Buzby, JC (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 560 EP 565 DI 10.1093/ajae/aaq148 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 789XH UT WOS:000292552000046 ER PT J AU Jaenicke, E Dimitri, C Oberholtzer, L AF Jaenicke, Edward Dimitri, Carolyn Oberholtzer, Lydia TI RETAILER DECISIONS ABOUT ORGANIC IMPORTS AND ORGANIC PRIVATE LABELS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CERTIFICATION; ENDOGENEITY; CONSUMER; MODELS C1 [Jaenicke, Edward; Oberholtzer, Lydia] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dimitri, Carolyn] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Jaenicke, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture under National Research Initiative [2007-04473] FX We would like to acknowledge and thank the USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture for providing support for this project under National Research Initiative (now called the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative) competitive grant #2007-04473. This article was presented in an invited-paper session at the 2010 annual meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association in Denver, CO. The articles in these sessions are not subjected to the journal's standard refereeing process. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1093/ajae/aaq154 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 789XH UT WOS:000292552000052 ER PT J AU Ahearn, M Banker, D Clay, DM Milkove, D AF Ahearn, Mary Banker, David Clay, Dawn Marie Milkove, Daniel TI COMPARATIVE SURVEY IMPUTATION METHODS FOR FARM HOUSEHOLD INCOME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 [Ahearn, Mary; Banker, David; Milkove, Daniel] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Clay, Dawn Marie] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ahearn, M (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1093/ajae/aaq167 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 789XH UT WOS:000292552000055 ER PT J AU Eger, JE Rider, DA Hammond, AM Murray, MJ Thomas, DB AF Eger, Joe E. Rider, Dave A. Hammond, Abner M. Murray, M. Jeff Thomas, Don B. TI OBITUARY, LAWRENCE HUBERT ROLSTON SO ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Eger, Joe E.] Dow AgroSci, Tampa, FL 33629 USA. [Rider, Dave A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Hammond, Abner M.; Murray, M. Jeff] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Thomas, Don B.] ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Eger, JE (reprint author), Dow AgroSci, 2606 S Dundee St, Tampa, FL 33629 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 1947-5136 J9 ENTOMOL AM-NY JI Entomol. Am. PY 2011 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 112 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 790IC UT WOS:000292580700006 ER PT J AU Mott, CL Bloomquist, CK Nielsen, CK AF Mott, Cy L. Bloomquist, Craig K. Nielsen, Clayton K. TI Seasonal, diel, and ontogenetic patterns of within-den behavior in beavers (Castor canadensis) SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beavers (Castor canadensis); Denning; Parental care; Remote videography; Social mammals ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; SCENT-MARKING; NURSING BEHAVIOR; EURASIAN BEAVER; TIME BUDGETS; BLACK BEARS; MAMMALS; POPULATION; SYSTEM; SELECTION AB Despite the ubiquity of denning as a natural history strategy among terrestrial vertebrates, little is known regarding basic patterns of within-den behavior, how such patterns are influenced by demographic and environmental parameters, or how within-den behavioral repertoires relate to activities performed in external environments. Den usage is believed to facilitate increased expression of behaviors that compromise fitness in external environments, though empirical data validating these assumptions are generally lacking. Relative isolation from external light cues within dens has been linked to temporal patterns of den use, yet few studies examine associations between photoperiod and rhythmicity strictly for within-den behavior. Also, for denning species with relatively equivalent parental investment, conclusions regarding sex-specific behavior have been equivocal, and no studies have examined potential segregation of parental activity within dens. We videorecorded 1506 h of within-den activity from 23 beaver (Castor canadensis) colonies and characterized behavioral patterns based on sex and age over daily and monthly intervals. Within-den time-activity budgets were equivalent among male and female adult beavers, with feeding, sleeping, allogrooming, and individual grooming accounting for more than 95% of all recorded behaviors. Behavioral repertoires within dens exhibited distinct seasonality and were influenced by temporal variation in external conditions associated with food availability, indicating linkages between activities within and outside of dens. Lastly, beaver age classes varied considerably in their associations between dial activity patterns and photoperiod, with adults and kits exhibiting single and multiple sleep-wake cycles, respectively. (C) 2010 Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Mott, Cy L.] Kentucky Wesleyan Coll, Dept Biol, Owensboro, KY 42301 USA. [Mott, Cy L.; Bloomquist, Craig K.; Nielsen, Clayton K.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bloomquist, Craig K.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Chicago, IL 60638 USA. RP Mott, CL (reprint author), Kentucky Wesleyan Coll, Dept Biol, 3000 Frederica St, Owensboro, KY 42301 USA. EM cy.mott@gmail.com FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources [W-135-R] FX We thank M. Bloomquist, L. Hillard, A. Nollman, and L. Pratt for assistance in the field and R. Bluett for technical advisement. This research was supported by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (Federal Aid Project W-135-R). All research on live animals was conducted in accordance with Southern Illinois University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol SIU #01-020) and complied with guidelines approved by the American Society of Mammalogists (Gannon and Sikes, 2007). NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PY 2011 VL 76 IS 4 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.mambio.2010.09.002 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 790HS UT WOS:000292579700006 ER PT J AU Saunders, MR Fraver, S Wagner, RG AF Saunders, Mike R. Fraver, Shawn Wagner, Robert G. TI Nutrient Concentration of Down Woody Debris in Mixedwood Forests in Central Maine, USA SO SILVA FENNICA LA English DT Article DE Acadian Forest; hardwoods; softwoods; carbon-nitrogen ratios; decay classes; disturbance-based silviculture ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; DECAYING BOLES; BOREAL FOREST; FIR FOREST; DEAD WOOD; DECOMPOSITION; MASS; DYNAMICS AB Both nutrient concentrations and pre- and post-harvest pool sizes were determined across down woody debris decay classes of several hardwood and softwood species in a long-term, natural disturbance based, silvicultural experiment in central Maine. Concentrations of N, P. Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Zn generally increased 2- to 5-fold with increasing decay class. Concentrations of Mn, Al and B did not differ among decay classes, while K decreased by 20-44% from decay class 1 to class 4. C:N-ratios declined with increasing decay class, while N:P-ratios increased from decay class 1 to 2 and then plateaued with further decay. Within decay classes, softwoods generally had lower nutrient concentrations and higher C:N-ratios than hardwoods; N:P-ratios did not differ between hardwoods and softwoods. Although gap harvesting increased the size of the overall clown woody debris nutrient pools, mostly through a large pulse of decay class I material, harvesting generally reduced the nutrients held in advanced decay classes. Pre-harvest down woody debris pools for N. P. K and Ca were 11.0, 0.6, 2.1 and 21.1 kg ha(-1), respectively, while postharvest were 20.0, 1.3, 6.2 and 46.2 kg ha(-1), respectively. While the gap-based silvicultural systems sampled in this study doubled the size of the pre-harvest, downed woody debris nutrient pools, the post-harvest pools were estimated to be only 3.2-9.1% of aboveground nutrients. C1 [Saunders, Mike R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fraver, Shawn] USFS No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Wagner, Robert G.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME USA. RP Saunders, MR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM msaunder@purdue.edu FU Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station; McIntire-Stennis funds FX We thank William Halteman, University of Maine, for statistical advice and Lance Case for assistance with field and laboratory procedures. Funding was provided by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station and McIntire-Stennis funds. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication 3158. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND PI VANTAA PA PO BOX 18, FI-01301 VANTAA, FINLAND SN 0037-5330 EI 2242-4075 J9 SILVA FENN JI Silva. Fenn. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 197 EP 210 AR 112 DI 10.14214/sf.112 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 790JX UT WOS:000292585400003 ER PT S AU Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Whitford, Walter G. Steinberger, Yosef BE Seckbach, J Dubinsky, Z TI HERBIVORE-PLANT INTERACTIONS AND DESERTIFICATION IN ARID LANDS SO ALL FLESH IS GRASS: PLANT-ANIMAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS SE Cellular Origin Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; BURROWING BETTONG; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION; GRASSLANDS; ECOSYSTEMS; GLANDULOSA; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY C1 [Whitford, Walter G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. [Steinberger, Yosef] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. EM wlawhit@zianet.com; steinby@mail.biu.ac.il NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-661X BN 978-90-481-9315-8 J9 CELL ORIG LIFE EXTRE JI Cell. Orig. Life Extrem. Habitats Astrobiol. PY 2011 VL 16 BP 239 EP 256 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9316-5 PG 18 WC Biology; Cell Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA BRT37 UT WOS:000283620500012 ER PT B AU Zuazo, VHD Pleguezuelo, CRR Flanagan, D Tejero, IG Fernandez, JLM AF Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio Flanagan, Dennis Garcia Tejero, Ivan Muriel Fernandez, Jose Luis BE Lichtfouse, E TI Sustainable Land Use and Agricultural Soil SO ALTERNATIVE FAMING SYSTEMS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, DROUGHT STRESS AND ECOLOGICAL FERTILISATION SE Sustainable Agriculture Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Land management; Sustainability; Sustainable agriculture; Soil quality; Climate change ID LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS; OLIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SLOPING LAND; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; LANDSCAPE LEVEL; COVER CHANGE; INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AB Sustainable land use is the management of the natural environment and the built environment to conserve the resources that help to sustain the current local human population and that of future generations. This review serves three purposes. First, it gives an introduction to the concept of sustainability in relation to land use, assessing what is "unsustainable" and what is "sustainable." The environmental, historical, and social context is described for understanding current land-use practices. But this will not suppress the demand for viable developmental processes and the potential collateral effects in order to avoid resource depletion. Where natural resources exist, exploitation needs to be adjusted to carrying capacity that is, it must be determined to what degree the environment is capable of absorbing the impact of the development. As agricultural soil is the foundation for nearly all land uses, soil quality stands as a key indicator of sustainable land use. Second, land use and its mismanagement of arable areas by farmers and grazing areas by livestock is addressed as one of the major causes of soil degradation. This result from erosion, decline in fertility, changes in aeration and soil-water content, salinization, or a change in soil flora or fauna. By reflecting the basic functioning capacity of the soil, it is the measure of many potential uses. On the other hand, management policy will have to adapt agriculture to climate change by encouraging flexibility in land use, crop production, and farming systems. In doing so, it is necessary to consider the multifunctional role of agriculture and to strike a versatile balance between economic, environmental, and social functions in different regions and sectors. Also, attention needs to be paid to all issues concerning agricultural strategies in order to mitigate climate change through a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases, by increasing carbon sequestration in agricultural soils and mediating the growth of energy crops as substitutes for fossil fuels. Third, it concludes that sustainable land use in agricultural systems involves readjusting unsuitable land use and promoting the appropriate use of land for sustainable systems. This review discusses some of the fundamental tasks and examines why sustainable land-use practices and innovations need to be adopted, providing a perspective of close collaboration among scientists, land managers, and policymakers. C1 [Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo; Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio; Garcia Tejero, Ivan; Muriel Fernandez, Jose Luis] IFAPA Ctr Las Torres Tomejil, Seville 41200, Spain. [Flanagan, Dennis] ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zuazo, VHD (reprint author), IFAPA Ctr Las Torres Tomejil, Crtra Sevilla Cazalla,Km 12-2, Seville 41200, Spain. EM victorh.duran@juntadeandalucia.es; crocio.rodriguez@juntadeandalucia.es; Dennis.Flanagan@ARS.USDA.GOV; ivanf.garcia@juntadeandalucia.es; josel.muriel@juntadeandalucia.es RI Garcia-Tejero, Ivan Francisco/C-4143-2016 OI Garcia-Tejero, Ivan Francisco/0000-0002-4606-0880 NR 460 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-94-007-0185-4 J9 SUSTAIN AGR REV JI Sustain. Agric. Rev. PY 2011 VL 6 BP 107 EP 192 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0186-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0186-1 PG 86 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BSV23 UT WOS:000285894100005 ER PT B AU Roberts, DP Kobayashi, DY AF Roberts, Daniel P. Kobayashi, Donald Y. BE Maheshwari, DK TI Impact of Spatial Heterogeneity Within Spermosphere and Rhizosphere Environments on Performance of Bacterial Biological Control Agents SO BACTERIA IN AGROBIOLOGY: CROP ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PSEUDOMONAS-CHLORORAPHIS PCL1391; SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS; ULTIMUM SPORANGIUM GERMINATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; TOMATO ROOT COLONIZATION; SP RADICIS-LYCOPERSICI; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; METABOLIC-ACTIVITY; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM C1 [Roberts, Daniel P.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kobayashi, Donald Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Kobayashi, Donald Y.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20701 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov NR 115 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-18356-0 PY 2011 BP 111 EP 130 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-18357-7_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-18357-7 PG 20 WC Agricultural Engineering; Horticulture; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Microbiology GA BUZ23 UT WOS:000290774900005 ER PT J AU Fratamico, P Liu, YH Kathariou, S AF Fratamico, Pina Liu, Yanhong Kathariou, Sophia BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Genomes of Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens PREFACE SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Fratamico, Pina; Liu, Yanhong] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Kathariou, Sophia] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fratamico, P (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP XI EP XII PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300001 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Parker, CT AF Miller, William G. Parker, Craig T. BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Campylobacter and Arcobacter SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SULFUR-REDUCING BACTERIUM; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; SP-NOV.; CORYNEBACTERIUM-GLUTAMICUM; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; JEJUNI STRAIN; UPTAKE SYSTEM; REVEALS C1 [Miller, William G.; Parker, Craig T.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 49 EP 65 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300005 ER PT J AU Weese, S Mao, JZ Donovan, DM AF Weese, Scott Mao, Jinzhe Donovan, David M. BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Staphylococcus aureus SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; ENTEROTOXIN GENE; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; BIOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES; VIRULENCE FACTORS C1 [Weese, Scott] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Mao, Jinzhe; Donovan, David M.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weese, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300010 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Chang, YF Kapur, V AF Bannantine, John P. Chang, Yung-Fu Kapur, Vivek BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; SHORT-SEQUENCE-REPEAT; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; BOVINE EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION; CROHNS-DISEASE; JOHNES-DISEASE; DEPENDENT MYCOBACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI C1 [Bannantine, John P.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Chang, Yung-Fu] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013 NR 120 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 223 EP 235 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300016 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH AF Kingsley, David H. BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Foodborne Noroviruses SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; CAPSID PROTEIN; RT-PCR; MOLECULAR-DETECTION C1 Delaware State Univ, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit,WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit,WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 237 EP 245 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300017 ER PT J AU Payne, GA Georgianna, DR Yu, JJ Ehrlich, K OBrian, G Bhatnagar, D AF Payne, Gary A. Georgianna, D. Ryan Yu, Jiujiang Ehrlich, Ken OBrian, Greg Bhatnagar, Deepak BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Genomics of Aspergillus flavus Mycotoxin Production SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 3-NITROPROPIONIC ACID 3-NPA; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-CLUSTER; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SECTION FLAVI; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; UNITED-STATES; TREMORGENIC MYCOTOXIN; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION C1 [Payne, Gary A.; OBrian, Greg] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Georgianna, D. Ryan] Duke Univ, Duke Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Coll Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang; Ehrlich, Ken; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Payne, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 125 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300019 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Miska, K AF Jenkins, Mark C. Miska, Katarzyna BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Giardia lamblia: Molecular Studies of an Early Branching Eukaryote SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REAL-TIME PCR; GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE GENE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EARLY-DIVERGING EUKARYOTE; CYST WALL PROTEINS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; I SILVER STAIN; MESSENGER-RNA; PRIMITIVE EUKARYOTE; PROTOZOAN PARASITES C1 [Jenkins, Mark C.; Miska, Katarzyna] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 187 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300021 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, BM AF Rosenthal, Benjamin M. BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Impact of the Toxoplasma gondii Genome Project SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; SEXUAL RECOMBINATION; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; HAMMONDIA-HEYDORNI; ORAL-TRANSMISSION; VIRULENCE FACTORS C1 ARS, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosenthal, BM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 309 EP 320 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300023 ER PT B AU Fagerquist, CK AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. BE Wiedmann, M Zhang, W TI Proteomics of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens SO GENOMICS OF FOODBORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS SE Food Microbiology and Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; TOP-DOWN PROTEOMICS; LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION-TIME; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; SEARCHING SEQUENCE DATABASES; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; COMPLEX PEPTIDE MIXTURES; CURVED-FIELD REFLECTRON; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA C1 ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clifton.fagerquist@ars.usda.gov NR 176 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7685-7 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL FOOD PY 2011 BP 343 EP 402 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7686-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7686-4 PG 60 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BTP58 UT WOS:000287716900011 ER PT B AU Keane, RE Cary, GJ Flannigan, MD AF Keane, Robert E. Cary, Geoffrey J. Flannigan, Mike D. BE Li, C Lafortezza, R Chen, J TI Challenges and Needs in Fire Management: A Landscape Simulation Modeling Perspective SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY IN FOREST MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ecological modeling; spatial dynamics; landscape ecology; mechanistic simulation; parameterization ID ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SUCCESSION MODELS; SPATIAL SCALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; FORESTS; VARIABILITY; EXTRAPOLATION AB Fire management will face many challenges in the future from global climate change to protecting people, communities, and values at risk. Simulation modeling will be a vital tool for addressing these challenges but the next generation of simulation models must be spatially explicit to address critical landscape ecology relationships and they must use mechanistic approaches to model novel climates. This chapter summarizes important issues that will be critical for wildland fire management in the future and then identifies the role that simulation modeling can have in tackling these issues. The challenges of simulation modeling include: (i) spatial representation, (ii) uncertainty, (iii) complexity, (iv) parameterization, (v) initialization, (vi) testing and validation. The LANDFIRE project is presented as an example on how simulation modeling is used to support current fire management issues. Research and management needs for successful wildland fire-related simulation modeling projects will need (i) extensive mechanistic research programs, (ii) comprehensive databases, (iii) statistical validation methods and protocols, (iv) software and hardware research, (v) modeling science explorations, and (vi) extensive training. Models will continue to play an integral role in fire management but only if the science keeps pace and managers are poised to take advantage of advances in modeling. C1 [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Cary, Geoffrey J.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Flannigan, Mike D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Flannigan, Mike D.] Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12753-3 PY 2011 BP 75 EP 98 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12754-0 PG 24 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BUD89 UT WOS:000288968400004 ER PT B AU Gustafson, EJ Sturtevant, BR Shvidenko, AZ Scheller, RM AF Gustafson, Eric J. Sturtevant, Brian R. Shvidenko, Anatoly Z. Scheller, Robert M. BE Li, C Lafortezza, R Chen, J TI Using Landscape Disturbance and Succession Models to Support Forest Management SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY IN FOREST MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Landscape models; disturbance; decision support; scale ID FIRE; STRATEGIES; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS; WILDFIRE; LANDIS AB Managers of forested landscapes must account for multiple, interacting ecological processes operating at broad spatial and temporal scales. These interactions can be of such complexity that predictions of future forest ecosystem states are beyond the analytical capability of the human mind Landscape disturbance and succession models (LDSM) are predictive and analytical tools that can integrate these processes and provide critical decision support information. We briefly review the state of the art of LDSMs and provide two case studies to illustrate the application and utility of one LDSM, LANDIS. We conclude that LDSMs are able to provide useful information to support management decisions for a number of reasons: (i) they operate at scale that is relevant to many forest management problems, (ii) they account for interactions among ecological and anthropogenic processes, (iii) they can produce objective and comparable projections of alternative management options or various global change scenarios, (iv) LDSMs are based on current ecological knowledge and theory, (v) LDSMs provide a vehicle for collaboration among decision-makers, resource experts and scientists, (vi) LDSMs are the only feasible research tool that can be used to investigate long-term, large area dynamics. C1 [Gustafson, Eric J.; Sturtevant, Brian R.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Shvidenko, Anatoly Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Scheller, Robert M.] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, USDA, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12753-3 PY 2011 BP 99 EP 118 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12754-0 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BUD89 UT WOS:000288968400005 ER PT B AU Williams, BJ Song, B Chou, CY Williams, TM Hom, J AF Williams, Brian J. Song, Bo Chou, Chiao-Ying Williams, Thomas M. Hom, John BE Li, C Lafortezza, R Chen, J TI Software Applications to Three-Dimensional Visualization of Forest Landscapes - A Case Study Demonstrating the Use of Visual Nature Studio (VNS) in Visualizing Fire Spread in Forest Landscapes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY IN FOREST MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Visualization software; FARSITE model; ArcGIS; VNS ID SIMULATION; VALIDITY AB Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is a useful tool that depicts virtual forest landscapes on computer. Previous studies in visualization have required high end computer hardware and specialized technical skills. A virtual forest landscape can be used to show different effects of disturbances and management scenarios on a computer, which allows observation of forest landscapes without time limitations. This chapter lists updated methods and software used for 3D visualization of forest landscapes, and demonstrates a fire visualization using Visual Nature Studio and standard computer hardware. Elevation and vegetation data were used to create a representation of the New Jersey pine barrens environment. Photographic images were edited to use as image object models for forest vegetation. The FARSITE fire behavioral model was used to model a fire typical of that area. Output from FARSITE was used to visualize the fire with tree models edited to simulate burning and flame models. Both static and animated views of the fire spread and effects were visualized. The visualization method was evaluated for advantages and disadvantages. VNS visualization is realistic, including many effects such as ground textures, lighting, user-made models, and atmospheric effects. However VNS has additional hardware requirements in terms or memory or hard drive space and sometimes renders images slowly. C1 [Williams, Brian J.; Song, Bo; Chou, Chiao-Ying; Williams, Thomas M.] Clemson Univ, Belle W Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Clemson, SC USA. [Hom, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. RP Williams, BJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Belle W Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, 177 Hobcaw Rd, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. EM bwilli8@clemson.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12753-3 PY 2011 BP 148 EP 175 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12754-0 PG 28 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BUD89 UT WOS:000288968400007 ER PT B AU Rittenhouse, CD Shifley, SR Dijak, WD Fan, ZF Thompson, FR Millspaugh, JJ Perez, JA Sandeno, CM AF Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. Shifley, Stephen R. Dijak, William D. Fan, Zhaofei Thompson, Frank R., III Millspaugh, Joshua J. Perez, Judith A. Sandeno, Cynthia M. BE Li, C Lafortezza, R Chen, J TI Application of Landscape and Habitat Suitability Models to Conservation: The Hoosier National Forest Land-management Plan SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY IN FOREST MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Decision support; dynamic landscape model; forest planning; habitat suitability models; LANDIS; multi-resource evaluation; Scolopax minor; Dendroica cerulea; Bonasa umbellus; Hylocichla mustelina; Helmitheros vermivorus; Icteria virens ID MISSOURI OZARK FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; BIRD RESPONSE; ALTERNATIVES; SIMULATION; VIABILITY; TRENDS; USA AB We demonstrate an approach to integrated land-management planning and quantify differences in vegetation and avian habitat conditions among 5 management alternatives as part of the Hoosier National Forest planning process. The alternatives differed in terms of the type, extent, magnitude, frequency, and location of management activities. We modeled ecological processes of disturbance (e.g. tree harvest, prescribed fire, wildfire, windthrow) and succession using LANDIS, a spatially explicit landscape decision-support model, and applied habitat suitability models for six species of birds to the output from that model. In this way, we linked avian habitat suitability models to spatially explicit vegetation change models that include ecological processes affecting vegetation composition, horizontal and vertical structure, and configuration. The detailed and synthetic nature of our approach provides a framework and structure that (1) is readily conveyed to multiple constituencies, (2) is based on explicitly stated assumptions and relationships, (3) provides a basis for testing, refinement, and extension to other forest commodities and amenities, and (4) provides a way to consider cumulative effects of multiple forest attributes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Rittenhouse, Chadwick D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rittenhouse, Chadwick D.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Shifley, Stephen R.; Dijak, William D.; Thompson, Frank R., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO USA. [Fan, Zhaofei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Starkville, MS USA. RP Rittenhouse, CD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cdrittenhous@wisc.edu NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12753-3 PY 2011 BP 299 EP 328 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12754-0 PG 30 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BUD89 UT WOS:000288968400013 ER PT S AU McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA AF McKenzie, Donald Miller, Carol Falk, Donald A. BE McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA TI Toward a Theory of Landscape Fire SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF FIRE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-SEVERITY FIRE; CROSS-SCALE ANALYSIS; FOREST STRUCTURE; WILDLAND FIRES; NATIONAL-PARK; ECOSYSTEMS; REGIMES; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; USA C1 [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Falk, Donald A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Ste 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM dmck@u.washington.edu; cmiller04@fs.fed.us; dafalk@u.arizona.edu; dmck@u.washington.edu; cmiller04@fs.fed.us; dafalk@u.arizona.edu NR 82 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-0300-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 213 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_1 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTE39 UT WOS:000286640000001 ER PT S AU McKenzie, D Kennedy, MC AF McKenzie, Donald Kennedy, Maureen C. BE McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA TI Scaling Laws and Complexity in Fire Regimes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF FIRE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; HIGHLY OPTIMIZED TOLERANCE; LOW-SEVERITY FIRE; POWER LAWS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; WILDFIRE REGIMES; NEUTRAL MODELS; WILDLAND FIRES; GENERAL-MODEL; FOREST-FIRES C1 [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Kennedy, Maureen C.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Ste 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM dmck@u.washington.edu; mkenn@uw.edu NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-0300-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 213 BP 27 EP 49 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTE39 UT WOS:000286640000002 ER PT S AU Moritz, MA Hessburg, PF Povak, NA AF Moritz, Max A. Hessburg, Paul F. Povak, Nicholas A. BE McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA TI Native Fire Regimes and Landscape Resilience SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF FIRE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGHLY OPTIMIZED TOLERANCE; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; FOREST-FIRES; POWER LAWS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; EXTREME EVENTS; DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGY; WILDFIRES C1 [Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.; Povak, Nicholas A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Moritz, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmoritz@berkeley.edu; phessburg@fs.fed.us; npovak@fs.fed.us NR 87 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-0300-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 213 BP 51 EP 86 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_3 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8 PG 36 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTE39 UT WOS:000286640000003 ER PT S AU Miller, C Abatzoglou, J Brown, T Syphard, AD AF Miller, Carol Abatzoglou, John Brown, Timothy Syphard, Alexandra D. BE McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA TI Wilderness Fire Management in a Changing Environment SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF FIRE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; WILDFIRE POLICY; HIGH-ELEVATION; PUBLIC LANDS; REGIMES; IMPACTS C1 [Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Abatzoglou, John] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Brown, Timothy] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. RP Miller, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM cmiller04@fs.fed.us; jabatzoglou@uidaho.edu; tim.brown@dri.edu; asyphard@consbio.org; cmiller04@fs.fed.us RI Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012 OI Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750 NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-0300-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 213 BP 269 EP 294 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTE39 UT WOS:000286640000011 ER PT S AU McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA AF McKenzie, Donald Miller, Carol Falk, Donald A. BE McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA TI Synthesis: Landscape Ecology and Changing Fire Regimes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF FIRE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-SEVERITY FIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; BOREAL FORESTS; WILDFIRE; SCALE; MODELS; COMPLEXITY; IMPACTS; BALANCE C1 [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Falk, Donald A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Ste 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM dmck@u.washington.edu; cmiller04@fs.fed.us; dafalk@u.arizona.edu NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-0300-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 213 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_12 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTE39 UT WOS:000286640000012 ER PT S AU Winter, S McRoberts, RE Chirici, G Bastrup-Birk, A Rondeux, J Brandli, UB Nilsen, JEO Marchetti, M AF Winter, Susanne McRoberts, Ronald E. Chirici, Gherardo Bastrup-Birk, Annemarie Rondeux, Jacques Braendli, Urs-Beat Nilsen, Jan-Erik Ornelund Marchetti, Marco BE Chirici, G Winter, S McRoberts, RE TI The Need for Harmonized Estimates of Forest Biodiversity Indicators SO NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORIES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOREST BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENTS SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION; INVENTORY; DEFORESTATION; DEFINITIONS; LANDSCAPES; RATES AB Forest biodiversity is crucial to the ecological, economic, and social well-being of earth's civilisations. Unfortunately, however, forest biodiversity is threatened to a serious degree in nearly all countries. Therefore, many countries have agreed to be parties to international agreements focused on maintaining, restoring, and monitoring biodiversity; further, these countries have agreed to report to international bodies on the status and trends in forest biodiversity. NFIs are the primary source of large-scale information available for this purpose, but the large variety of definitions, protocols, sampling designs, and plot configurations used by NFIs makes comparable international reporting extremely difficult. COST Action E43 was initiated to address this problem by developing harmonization techniques that facilitate common reporting. Harmonization typically consists of two components: development of common international reference definitions and development of bridging techniques that facilitate estimation according to reference definitions using data collected according to national definitions. Working Group 3 of COST Action E43 has focused its harmonization efforts on issues related to biodiversity. The chapters and sections that follow document these efforts in detail. C1 [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Chirici, Gherardo; Marchetti, Marco] Univ Molise, Molise, Italy. [Bastrup-Birk, Annemarie] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci Forestry & Wood Prod, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rondeux, Jacques] Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Nilsen, Jan-Erik Ornelund] Norwegian Forest & Landscape Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Studienfak Forstwissensch & Ressourcemanagement, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Winter, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. EM winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; ab@life.ku.dk; jrondeux@ulg.ac.bc; urs-beat.braendli@wsl.ch; jan-erik.nilsen@skogoglandskap.no; marchettimarco@unimol.il; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us RI Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010 OI Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726 NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-0481-7 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 20 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4 PG 23 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BTC91 UT WOS:000286531500001 ER PT S AU Winter, S McRoberts, RE Bertini, R Bastrup-Birk, A Sanchez, C Chirici, G AF Winter, Susanne McRoberts, Ronald E. Bertini, Roberta Bastrup-Birk, Annemarie Sanchez, Christine Chirici, Gherardo BE Chirici, G Winter, S McRoberts, RE TI Essential Features of Forest Biodiversity for Assessment Purposes SO NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORIES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOREST BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENTS SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Forest biodiversity assessments may be based on species or taxon groups, structural traits of forest ecosystems and/or biodiversity indicators derived from these variables. Working Group 3 (WG3) of COST Action E43 initially selected 41 candidate biodiversity variables based on current ecological knowledge. The next step entailed construction and distribution of a questionnaire regarding the importance of the candidate variables for assessing forest biodiversity and their feasibility for assessment by national forest inventories (NFI). Responses were received from 22 countries. Analyses of the responses with respect to importance and feasibility resulted in further selection of 17 biodiversity variables that were then grouped into seven essential biodiversity features: forest categories, forest age, forest structure, deadwood, regeneration, ground vegetation and naturalness. These seven essential features constitute the second level of WG3's 4-level reference framework: (1) concept, (2) essential feature, (3) indicator, and (4) NFI variable. This chapter addresses in detail the analyses of the questionnaire responses, selection of the 17 biodiversity variables, and derivation of the seven essential forest biodiversity features. C1 [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Bertini, Roberta] Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Bastrup-Birk, Annemarie] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci Forestry & Wood Prod, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sanchez, Christine] Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Chirici, Gherardo] Univ Molise, Campobasso, Italy. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Studienfak Forstwissensch & Ressourcemanagement, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Winter, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. EM winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; bertini.roberta@gmail.com; ab@life.ku.dk; sanchez.c@fsagx.ac.be; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us RI Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010 OI Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-0481-7 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 20 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BTC91 UT WOS:000286531500002 ER PT S AU McRoberts, RE Chirici, G Winter, S Barbati, A Corona, P Marchetti, M Hauk, E Brandli, UB Beranova, J Rondeux, J Sanchez, C Bertini, R Barsoum, N Asensio, IA Condes, S Saura, S Neagu, S Cluzeau, C Hamza, N AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Chirici, Gherardo Winter, Susanne Barbati, Anna Corona, Piermaria Marchetti, Marco Hauk, Elmar Braendli, Urs-Beat Beranova, Jana Rondeux, Jacques Sanchez, Christine Bertini, Roberta Barsoum, Nadia Alberdi Asensio, Iciar Condes, Sonia Saura, Santiago Neagu, Stefan Cluzeau, Catherine Hamza, Nabila BE Chirici, G Winter, S McRoberts, RE TI Prospects for Harmonized Biodiversity Assessments Using National Forest Inventory Data SO NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORIES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOREST BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENTS SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATURAL BEECH FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; GROUND VEGETATION; BOREAL FORESTS; STAND STRUCTURE; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; SPECIES COMPOSITION AB Following selection of the 13 biodiversity variables that were evaluated as both important and feasible for assessment by NFIs and grouping them into essential features, additional information was solicited regarding the degree to which the 13 variables are currently assessed by NFIs. The objective was to evaluate the prospects for harmonized estimates of biodiversity indicators based on these variables. The prospects varied considerably depending on the particular variable and essential feature. The evaluations produced positive harmonization possibilities for forest categories and the tree height and diameter variables associated with forest structure. For forest age, possibilities were constrained by lack of common reference definitions. However, possibilities for construction of a common reference definition and bridges to compensate for the differences in estimates resulting from using national and reference definitions were deemed positive. Prospects for regeneration, ground vegetation, and naturalness were less positive because of variability in definitions, assessment methods, measurement thresholds and other factors. Thus, efforts at harmonization for these essential features were constrained to a few variables or a few countries with similar NFI features. C1 [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Chirici, Gherardo; Marchetti, Marco] Univ Molise, Campobasso, Italy. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Barbati, Anna; Corona, Piermaria] Univ Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. [Rondeux, Jacques; Sanchez, Christine] Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Bertini, Roberta] Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Condes, Sonia; Saura, Santiago] Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros Montes, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Studienfak Forstwissensch & Ressourcemanagement, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; winter@wzw.tum.de; barbati.sisfor@unitus.it; piermaria.corona@unitus.it; marchettimarco@unimol.it; elmar.hauk@bfw.gv.at; urs-beat.braendli@wsl.ch; iana.beranova@ifer.cz; jrondeux@ulg.ac.be; sanchez.c@fsagx.ac.be; bertini.roberta@gmail.com; nadia.barsoum@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; alberdi.iciar@inia.es; sonia.condes@upm.es; santiago.saura@upm.es; biometrie@icas.ro; catherine.cluzeau@ifn.fr; nabila.hamza@ifn.fr; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us RI Saura, Santiago/A-9994-2008; Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010; BARBATI, ANNA/E-5731-2015; Corona, Piermaria/G-1565-2011; Neagu, Stefan/A-4993-2011 OI Saura, Santiago/0000-0002-5239-0763; Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726; BARBATI, ANNA/0000-0002-9064-0903; Corona, Piermaria/0000-0002-8105-0792; Neagu, Stefan/0000-0002-2399-3864 NR 159 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-0481-7 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 20 BP 41 EP 97 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4 PG 57 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BTC91 UT WOS:000286531500003 ER PT S AU Chirici, G McRoberts, RE Winter, S Barbati, A Brandli, UB Abegg, M Beranova, J Rondeux, J Bertini, R Asensio, IA Condes, S AF Chirici, Gherardo McRoberts, Ronald E. Winter, Susanne Barbati, Anna Braendli, Urs-Beat Abegg, Meinrad Beranova, Jana Rondeux, Jacques Bertini, Roberta Alberdi Asensio, Iciar Condes, Sonia BE Chirici, G Winter, S McRoberts, RE TI Harmonization Tests SO NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORIES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOREST BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENTS SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOREST MANAGEMENT AB Chapter 5 reports the results of testing the proposed procedures for harmonizing estimates of indicators for six of the seven essential features of forest biodiversity. Twenty indicators were tested using data from the common database. In general, positive results were obtained for forest categories, forest structure, forest age, deadwood, and naturalness; the results were less positive for ground vegetation because of the considerable differences in definitions and data acquisition methods. Of importance is, that the test focused on assessing harmonization procedures rather than on producing comprehensive estimates for particular countries or forest categories. C1 [Chirici, Gherardo] Univ Molise, Campobasso, Italy. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Barbati, Anna] Univ Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. [Rondeux, Jacques] Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Bertini, Roberta] Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Condes, Sonia] Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros Montes, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Studienfak Forstwissensch & Ressourcemanagement, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Chirici, G (reprint author), Univ Molise, Campobasso, Italy. EM gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; winter@wzw.tum.de; barbati.sisfor@unitus.it; urs-beat.braendli@wsl.ch; meinrad.abegg@wsl.ch; iana.beranova@ifer.cz; jrondeux@ulg.ac.be; bertini.roberta@gmail.com; alberdi.iciar@inia.es; sonia.condes@upm.es; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us RI Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010; BARBATI, ANNA/E-5731-2015 OI Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726; BARBATI, ANNA/0000-0002-9064-0903 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-0481-7 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 20 BP 121 EP 190 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4 PG 70 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BTC91 UT WOS:000286531500005 ER PT S AU Chirici, G Winter, S McRoberts, RE AF Chirici, Gherardo Winter, Susanne McRoberts, Ronald E. BE Chirici, G Winter, S McRoberts, RE TI National Forest Inventories: Contributions to Forest Biodiversity Assessments Summary and Conclusions SO NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORIES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOREST BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENTS SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter summarizes the main findings of WG3 of COST Action E43 by recalling the background information which constitutes the reasons for the activities carried out and then recalling the main phases of our work. For each of the seven essential features, the main results of the experimental harmonization process are presented and recommendations to NFIs are given to facilitate future operational harmonization processes. C1 [Chirici, Gherardo] Univ Molise, Campobasso, Italy. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Studienfak Forstwissensch & Ressourcemanagement, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Chirici, G (reprint author), Univ Molise, Campobasso, Italy. EM gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; winter@wzw.tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us RI Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010 OI Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-0481-7 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2011 VL 20 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BTC91 UT WOS:000286531500006 ER PT B AU Klurfeld, DM AF Klurfeld, David M. BE Bryan, NS Loscalzo, J TI Nitrite and Nitrate in Cancer SO NITRITE AND NITRATE IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Nutrition and Health Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Nitrosamines; Cancer; Epidemiology; Tumor; Carcinogenesis ID MEAT CONSUMPTION; DRINKING-WATER; PROCESSED MEAT; DIETARY-INTAKE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ADULT GLIOMA; RED MEAT; FOOD C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Klurfeld, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM david.klurfeld@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60761-615-3 J9 NUTR HEALTH SER JI Nutr. Health Ser. PY 2011 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-616-0_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-616-0 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BUZ28 UT WOS:000290775500016 ER PT S AU Dao, TH Schwartz, RC AF Dao, Thanh H. Schwartz, Robert C. BE Bunemann, EK Oberson, A Frossard, E TI Effects of Manure Management on Phosphorus Biotransformations and Losses During Animal Production SO PHOSPHORUS IN ACTION: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOIL PHOSPHORUS CYCLING SE Soil Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; BIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; METHANE PRODUCTIVITY C1 [Dao, Thanh H.] USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schwartz, Robert C.] USDA, ARS, Bushland, TX USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1613-3382 BN 978-3-642-15270-2 J9 SOIL BIOL JI Soil Biol. PY 2011 VL 26 BP 407 EP 429 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_16 PG 23 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BSL41 UT WOS:000284856400016 ER PT S AU Connorton, JM Hirschi, KD Pittman, JK AF Connorton, James M. Hirschi, Kendal D. Pittman, Jon K. BE Murphy, AS Peer, W Schulz, B TI Mechanism and Evolution of Calcium Transport Across the Plant Plasma Membrane SO PLANT PLASMA MEMBRANE SE Plant Cell Monographs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ION CHANNELS; GUARD-CELLS; GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; ABSCISIC-ACID; CA2+ CHANNEL; FLAGELLAR EXCISION; CATION CHANNELS AB Calcium is an essential plant nutrient, thus the influx of Ca2+ into plant cells is a critical process. In addition, the efflux of Ca2+ out of a cell is important to prevent toxicity resulting from Ca2+ excess, and to modulate levels of cytosolic Ca2+ required for signaling functions. Biochemical and genetic analysis of plants has begun to identify the complement of Ca2+-permeable channels and Ca2+-ATPases that function in Ca2+ flux across the plasma membrane. In addition to understanding the mechanisms of plasma membrane Ca2+ transport, some of the specific functions of these pathways are now emerging. Comparative genomics of higher plant, algal and moss species has identified significant variation in the mechanisms of plasma membrane Ca2+ transport between higher and lower plants, and provides insight into the evolution of Ca2+ transport processes. C1 [Connorton, James M.; Pittman, Jon K.] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. [Hirschi, Kendal D.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Pittman, JK (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Michael Smith Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. EM jon.pittman@manchester.ac.uk OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1861-1370 BN 978-3-642-13430-2 J9 PLANT CELL MONOGR JI Plant Cell Monogr. PY 2011 VL 19 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13431-9_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13431-9 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA BRN67 UT WOS:000283189400012 ER PT S AU Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Byrd, JA Kogut, MH Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ Aiello, CW AF Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. S. Anderson, R. C. Byrd, J. A. Kogut, M. H. Harvey, R. B. Nisbet, D. J. Aiello, C. W. BE Lacroix, C TI Using antimicrobial cultures, bacteriocins and bacteriophages to reduce carriage of foodborne pathogens in cattle and swine SO PROTECTIVE CULTURES, ANTIMICROBIAL METABOLITES AND BACTERIOPHAGES FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE BIOPRESERVATION SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE probiotics; antimicrobial proteins; food safety; microbial ecology ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BEEF FEEDLOT CATTLE; EXPERIMENTAL CHLORATE PRODUCT; DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SODIUM-CHLORATE; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS AB The intestinal microbial ecosystem is a dense and diverse population that can be utilized to reduce pathogenic bacterial populations that affect animal production efficiency and the safety of food products. Strategies to capture and utilize this complex natural resource have been developed that reduce the populations of foodborne pathogenic bacteria and eliminate pathogens that negatively impact animal production or food safety on the farm. Products used in animals to reduce pathogens in the food supply include probiotics, prebiotics and competitive exclusion cultures, as well as bacteriocins and bacteriophage (bacterial viruses). The individual efficacy of any of these compounds is due to specific microbial ecological factors within the gut of the food animal and its native microflora that alter the competitive pressures of the gut. This review explores the ecology behind the efficacy of these products against foodborne pathogens that inhabit food animals. C1 [Callaway, T. R.; Edrington, T. S.; Anderson, R. C.; Byrd, J. A.; Kogut, M. H.; Harvey, R. B.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Aiello, C. W.] Caril Med Ctr, Roanoke, VA 24033 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov NR 168 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-669-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 201 BP 204 EP 224 D2 10.1533/9780857090522 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BVC06 UT WOS:000291001600009 ER PT B AU Hoekenga, OA Magalhaes, JV AF Hoekenga, Owen A. Magalhaes, Jurandir V. BE DeOliveira, AC Varshney, RK TI Mechanisms of Aluminum Tolerance SO ROOT GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER; SILICON-INDUCED AMELIORATION; FAGOPYRUM-ESCULENTUM MOENCH; CAMELLIA-SINENSIS L.; ORGANIC-ACIDS; CELL-WALL; ROOT APICES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA C1 [Hoekenga, Owen A.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Magalhaes, Jurandir V.] Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. RP Hoekenga, OA (reprint author), ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-85545-3 PY 2011 BP 133 EP 153 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BSV60 UT WOS:000285938400006 ER PT B AU Raman, H Gustafson, P AF Raman, Harsh Gustafson, Perry BE DeOliveira, AC Varshney, RK TI Molecular Breeding of Cereals for Aluminum Resistance SO ROOT GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MITOCHONDRIAL CITRATE SYNTHASE; ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER; SILICON-INDUCED AMELIORATION; WHEAT CULTIVAR ATLAS-66; INDUCED GENE-EXPRESSION; ORGANIC-ACID EXUDATION C1 [Gustafson, Perry] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Raman, Harsh] Wagga Wagga Agr Inst, NSW Dept Ind & Investment, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. RP Gustafson, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, 206 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 193 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-85545-3 PY 2011 BP 251 EP 287 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-85546-0 PG 37 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BSV60 UT WOS:000285938400011 ER PT B AU Guard, J Shah, D Morales, CA Call, D AF Guard, Jean Shah, Devendra Morales, Cesar A. Call, Doug BE Porwollik, S TI Evolutionary Trends Associated with Niche Specialization as Modelled by Whole Genome Analysis of Egg-contaminating Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis SO SALMONELLA: FROM GENOME TO FUNCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE-POLYMORPHISM; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE O-CHAIN; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; PHAGE TYPES; DERMANYSSUS-GALLINAE; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; PROVIDES INSIGHTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOSAIC STRUCTURE AB The mosaic nature of the Salmonella enterica genome facilitates its access to multiple environments. Many large scale genomic events have been described that contribute to the combinatorial complexity of the pathogenic Salmonellae. However, the impact of small scale genetic change occurring at the level of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the emergence of niche specialization is just now becoming appreciated. This chapter describes concepts behind the evolution that culminated in the remarkable ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis to contaminate and survive in the internal content of eggs produced by otherwise healthy hens. Evidence suggests that combinations of SNPs facilitate niche specialization by Salmonella enterica. However, few typing methods incorporate unbiased strategies for their detection. Selection of appropriate biological assays for ranking SNPs and combinations of SNPs for their impact on the ability of Salmonella enterica to propagate outbreaks, pandemics and disease will be a significant challenge to improve the safety of the food supply. C1 [Guard, Jean; Shah, Devendra; Morales, Cesar A.; Call, Doug] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Guard, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM jean.guard@ars.usda.gov; dshah@vetmed.wsu.edu; Cesar.Morales@ars.usda.gov; drcall@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-73-8 PY 2011 BP 91 EP 106 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BTP57 UT WOS:000287716700005 ER PT B AU Rivas, DA Fielding, RA AF Rivas, Donato A. Fielding, Roger A. BE Lynch, GS TI Exercise as a Countermeasure for Sarcopenia SO SARCOPENIA-AGE-RELATED MUSCLE WASTING AND WEAKNESS: MECHANISMS AND TREATMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sarcopenia; Anabolic stimuli; Molecular signaling; Exercise; Muscle mass ID MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RAPAMYCIN-SENSITIVE PATHWAY; ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; SATELLITE CELL-PROLIFERATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PROGRAMS; FIBER CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS AB The aging process is characterized by the gradual decrease in muscle mass, strength and power leading to a decline in physical functioning, increased frailty and disability. This age related loss of muscle mass and function has been termed sarcopenia. The mechanisms that underlie sarcopenia are only beginning to be elucidated. However, specific modes and intensities of physical activity can both act to preserve and also increase skeletal muscle mass, strength, power in healthy and functionally limited older individuals. This effect appears to be pervasive throughout the lifespan and there is evidence for similar responses in men and women. The focus of this chapter is on the role of exercise as a therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. This will be accomplished by (1) reviewing the epidemiology on physical activity and sarcopenia (2) summarizing the molecular mechanisms associated with sarcopenia and exercise, (3) discussing the efficacy of resistance and endurance exercise or multi-modal exercise, such as the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise for the management of sarcopenia. C1 [Rivas, Donato A.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu OI Rivas, Donato/0000-0002-4500-6233 NR 281 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9712-5 PY 2011 BP 333 EP 371 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9713-2_15 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9713-2 PG 39 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences GA BSR26 UT WOS:000285535100015 ER PT S AU Dao, TH AF Dao, Thanh H. BE Shukla, G Varma, A TI Extracellular Enzymes in Sensing Environmental Nutrients and Ecosystem Changes: Ligand Mediation in Organic Phosphorus Cycling SO SOIL ENZYMOLOGY SE Soil Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SECRETED ACID-PHOSPHATASE; HYDROUS OXIDE SURFACES; PHYTIC-ACID; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; BIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ANIMAL MANURE; DAIRY MANURE; WHITE CLOVER C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM thanh.dao@ars.usda.gov NR 158 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1613-3382 BN 978-3-642-14224-6 J9 SOIL BIOL JI Soil Biol. PY 2011 VL 22 BP 75 EP 102 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14225-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14225-3 PG 28 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BRN72 UT WOS:000283198600005 ER PT B AU Cai, YF Xie, YF Liu, JG AF Cai, Yingfan Xie, Yongfang Liu, Jinggao BE Lichtfouse, E Hamelin, M Navarrete, M Debaeke, P TI Glandless Seed and Glanded Plant Research in Cotton SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, VOL 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cotton; Pigment gland; Gossypol; Inheritance and breeding; Gene cloning and genetic engineering ID GOSSYPIUM-STURTIANUM WILLIS; DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; UPLAND COTTON; NEROLIDYL DIPHOSPHATE; FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES AB Recently the world has been entangled by insufficient food such as the lack of rice which threatens the safety of world food and affect sustainable development of the world economy, resulting in rising of food price. To address this issue, cotton appears as a possible source of both fiber and food. The research in recent years indeed showed bright prospects for this expectation. However, gossypol stored in the glands of cotton is toxic to nonruminant animals and humans, which wastes large amounts of cottonseed protein that could potentially provide the annual protein requirements for half a billion people. Gossypium species are characterized by their lysigenous glands containing terpenoid aldehydes, important secondary phytoalexins consisting mainly of gossypol, which constitute one of the important plant's defense system against pests and diseases. The best approach to address this issue is to create glandless seed and glanded plant cotton. A breakthrough in this field would realise the fulfilment of making cotton both a fiber and a food crop, which would be a feat of great magnitude for sustainable development of agriculture. Research on the relationship between glands and their secondary inclusions at the molecular level would be one approach for genetic engineering to control the glands and gossypol content. In this article, we review recent progress on glands and gossypol content for diverse gland types in Gossypium species, inheritance of glands and gossypol content, traditional breeding of glandless seeds and glanded plant cotton, the terpenoid aldehyde biosynthesis pathway, molecular cloning of the related genes, the strategy for genetic engineering, and future prospects. C1 [Cai, Yingfan; Xie, Yongfang] Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Coll Bioinformat, Chongqing 400065, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinggao] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Cai, YF (reprint author), Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Coll Bioinformat, Chongqing 400065, Peoples R China. EM caiyf3000@yahoo.com.cn NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0393-3 PY 2011 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_12 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BTS27 UT WOS:000287954800012 ER PT B AU Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH Schulin, R Chaney, RL Daneshbakhsh, B Afyuni, M AF Khoshgoftarmanesh, Amir Hossein Schulin, Rainer Chaney, Rufus L. Daneshbakhsh, Bahareh Afyuni, Majid BE Lichtfouse, E Hamelin, M Navarrete, M Debaeke, P TI Micronutrient-Efficient Genotypes for Crop Yield and Nutritional Quality in Sustainable Agriculture SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, VOL 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Micronutrients; Nutrient efficiency; Biofortification; Stress-tolerance indicators ID DEFICIENT CALCAREOUS SOILS; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; LOWLAND RICE GENOTYPES; STAPLE FOOD CROPS; GRAIN-YIELD; WHEAT CULTIVARS; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN-A; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ORGANIC-MATTER AB About 4 billion people will be added onto the present population by 2050. To meet further demand for food, agricultural production should increase on the existing land. Since the Green Revolution, higher crop production per unit area has resulted in greater depletion of soil phytoavailable micronutrients while less attention has been paid to micronutrients fertilization. Now, micronutrient deficiency has become a limiting factor for crop productivity in many agricultural lands worldwide. Furthermore, many food systems in developing countries can not provide sufficient micronutrient content to meet the demands of their citizens, especially low-income families. There are several solutions such as soil and foliar fertilization, crop systems, application of organic amendments to correct micronutrients deficiency and to increase their density in edible parts of plants. This review article presents (1) agronomic approaches to improve crop yield and micronutrient content of food crops, and (2) genotypic variation in uptake and accumulation of micronutrients. Considering ecological concerns, cultivation and breeding of micronutrient-efficient genotypes in combination with proper agronomic management practices appear as the most sustainable and cost-effective solution for alleviating food-chain micronutrient deficiency. Micronutrient-efficient genotypes could provide a number of benefits such as reductions in the use of fertilizers, improvements in seedling vigor, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Using bioavailable micronutrient dense staple crop cultivars can also be used to improve the micronutrient nutritional status of human. C1 [Khoshgoftarmanesh, Amir Hossein; Daneshbakhsh, Bahareh; Afyuni, Majid] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Soil Sci, Esfahan 84154, Iran. [Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schulin, Rainer] ETH, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Soil Sci, Esfahan 84154, Iran. EM amirhkhosh@cc.iut.ac.ir NR 235 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0393-3 PY 2011 BP 219 EP 249 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0 PG 31 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BTS27 UT WOS:000287954800013 ER PT B AU Sigua, GC AF Sigua, Gilbert C. BE Lichtfouse, E Hamelin, M Navarrete, M Debaeke, P TI Sustainable Cow-Calf Operations and Water Quality SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, VOL 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bahiagrass; Cow-calf; Groundwater; Surface water; Groundwater; Sustainability; Nutrient cycling; Plant uptake; Water quality; Subtropics; BMPs; Eutrophication; Trophic state index (TSI) ID BEEF-CATTLE OPERATIONS; TROPHIC STATE INDEX; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; NORTHEAST USA; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT; FLORIDA AB As animal agriculture has evolved to larger production operations in subtropical regions of United States, the problems associated with manure handling, storage and disposal have grown significantly. Understanding the interaction effects of sustainable cow farming with water-table management, nutrient dynamics and water quality in pastures could be the key to reducing nutrients in runoff. Soils do not contribute equally to nutrient export from watersheds or have the same potential to transport nutrient to runoff nor would soil test levels accurately predict total dissolved nutrients. Better understanding of soil nutrient dynamics and crop nutrient changes resulting from different management systems should allow us to predict potential impact on adjacent surface waters. In many states, these issues are critical and of increasing importance among environmentalists, ranchers, and public officials particularly in the case of N and P. One of the first steps in assessing N or P level on any farm is to consider total N or total P inputs and outputs. In Florida, reduction of P transport to receiving water bodies is the primary focus of several studies because P has been found to be the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in many aquatic systems. Long-term monitoring of the changes in soil nutrients, especially soil P would enable us to predict soil chemical or physical deterioration under continuous forage-livestock cultivation and to adopt measures to correct them before they actually happen. Despite substantial measurements using both laboratory and field techniques, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of nutrient dynamics across the entire landscape, especially in agricultural landscapes with cow-calf operations. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0393-3 PY 2011 BP 833 EP 856 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_36 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0 PG 24 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BTS27 UT WOS:000287954800036 ER PT B AU Eswaran, H Berberoglu, S Cangir, C Boyraz, D Zucca, C Ozevren, E Yazici, E Zdruli, P Dingil, M Donmez, C Akca, E Celik, I Watanabe, T Koca, YK Montanarella, L Cherlet, M Kapur, S AF Eswaran, H. Berberoglu, S. Cangir, C. Boyraz, D. Zucca, C. Ozevren, E. Yazici, E. Zdruli, P. Dingil, M. Donmez, C. Akca, E. Celik, I. Watanabe, T. Koca, Y. K. Montanarella, L. Cherlet, M. Kapur, S. BE Kapur, S Eswaran, H Blum, WEH TI The Anthroscape Approach in Sustainable Land Use SO SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT: LEARNING FROM THE PAST FOR THE FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Anthroscape; Seyhan Basin; Sustainable use; Anthroscape Land Quality Class; Net primary production ID TURKEY; PRODUCTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; RADIATION; CLIMATE AB The final outcomes of the approach of the anthroscape, seeking to develop a powerful tool for use by the local communities/administrations and relevant bodies for a bottom to top approach, as a quantified entity, means to direct the future land and water use decisions to be taken at lower levels - as farm domains etc. - leading to the development of an "Anthroscape Land Quality Class" map and the relevant "Ideal Land Use Patterns" of the Seyhan Anthroscape. These two final products of quantification are sought to be capable in revealing the magnitude and the distribution of the degradation of the selected area, as well as allocating the ideal land use types given for the percentages of the distributions of land except their specific location. In this context, the downstream part of the map will show the abundant degradation arising via the intensive cultivation practices where the class stated in the map reveals the urgent need of an integrated SLWM Programme to revert the lower class C and D ALQCs to higher ALQCs to meet the requirements of the sustainable use of the land. Whereas, the higher ALQC land in the transition or upstream zone stands for higher resilience and lower input requirements to meet the ideal use of the land. The Net Primary Production (NPP) - The remainder of photosynthesis and respiration which has significance in the global and regional carbon budgets and is a function of the standing biomass (an important component of the carbon cycle and a key indicator of ecosystem performance) was utilized via land cover and management to serve as a supplementary indicator of the Anthroscape and the Anthroscape Land Quality. C1 [Eswaran, H.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Berberoglu, S.; Donmez, C.] Cukurova Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, Adana, Turkey. [Cangir, C.; Boyraz, D.] Namik Kemal Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Tekirdag, Turkey. [Zucca, C.] Univ Sassari, Dept Territorial Engn, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Zucca, C.] Univ Sassari, Desertificat Res Grp NRD, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Ozevren, E.; Yazici, E.] Minist Environm & Forestry, Dept Desertificat, Ankara, Turkey. [Zdruli, P.] Mediterranean Agron Inst Bari, Int Ctr Adv Mediterranean Agron Studies, I-70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy. [Dingil, M.; Celik, I.; Koca, Y. K.; Kapur, S.] Cukurova Univ, Dept Soil Sci, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Akca, E.] Adiyaman Univ, Dept Tech Programs, Adiyaman, Turkey. [Watanabe, T.] RIHN, Kita Ku, Kyoto 6038047, Japan. [Montanarella, L.] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Cherlet, M.] DESERT Act, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss JRC, Inst Environm & Sustainabil IES,Land Management &, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Kapur, S.] Cukurova Univ, Dept Archaeometry, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. RP Eswaran, H (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, POB 2890, Washington, DC USA. EM hari.eswaran@wdc.usda.gov; clzucca@uniss.it; pandi@iamb.it; mdingil@cu.edu.tr; icelik@cu.edu.tr; ykkoca@cu.edu.tr; luca.montanarella@jrc.it; michael.cherlet@jrc.ec.europa.eu; kapurs@cu.edu.tr; kapurs@cu.edu.tr; hari.eswaran@wdc.usda.gov RI Zucca, Claudio/K-9167-2013 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-14781-4 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 50 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1 PG 50 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BSD40 UT WOS:000284200900001 ER PT B AU Hseu, ZY Tsai, CC Tsai, H Chen, ZS Eswaran, H AF Hseu, Zeng-Yei Tsai, Chen-Chi Tsai, Heng Chen, Zueng-Sang Eswaran, Hari BE Kapur, S Eswaran, H Blum, WEH TI Asian Anthroscapes: China and Taiwan SO SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT: LEARNING FROM THE PAST FOR THE FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Anthroscapes; Land degradation; Anthropogenic processes; Chinese Soil Taxonomy; Anthrosols; History of paddy soils; Anthrogleyic epipedon; Landscape position ID NORTHWESTERN TAIWAN; SOIL CARBON; CLASSIFICATION; TOPOSEQUENCE; GROUNDWATER; TOPOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; ULTISOLS AB Anthroscapes are important in the assessment of human-induced land degradation. In case of soils affected by land use changes in large-scale farming, the anthropogenic processes have been created in China for over a few thousands years. The Chinese started to use soil for crop production as early as in the Stone Age. Soil properties in China and Taiwan have been greatly influenced by various anthropogenic processes to form anthroscapes. Paddy soils or rice-growing soils are more than 30 million hectares, distributed in China and Taiwan, which are one of the world's most important soil resources for food production. According to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy [ISS/CAS (Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (ed.) (2001) Chinese Soil Taxonomy. Science Press, Beijing, 203p], Anthrosols meet the requirements of the combination of horizons, including anthrostagnic, fimic, siltigic and cumulic epipedons and the hydragic horizon. The changes of soil characteristics after planting rice are degradation of soil organic matter (SOM), redistribution of exchangeable bases, translocation and segregation of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) by the cycling of reduction And oxidation processes, as well as decomposition and synthesis of clay minerals. The genetic horizons of paddy soils in China and Taiwan include a cultivated gray horizon, a plowpan, a percogenic horizon, and a plinthitic horizon or illuvial horizon with various redoximorphic features. The landscape position is the major factor to control the duration of saturation and reduction in the paddy soils of Taiwan. An anthrogleyic epipedon in Taiwan was also common in the surface horizon in paddy soils. Irrigation has induced the enrichment of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in the paddy soils. The free Fe contents of paddy profiles tend to be increased as the length of cultivation history increases in China, but this trend is much less profound in non-paddy profiles. C1 [Chen, Zueng-Sang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hseu, Zeng-Yei] Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. [Tsai, Chen-Chi] Natl Ilan Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ilan 26501, Taiwan. [Tsai, Heng] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept Geog, Changhua 50018, Taiwan. [Eswaran, Hari] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, ZS (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM soilchen@ntu.edu.tw; hari.Eswaran@wdc.usda.gov; hari.Eswaran@wdc.usda.gov OI CHEN, ZUENG-SANG/0000-0002-8499-4924; HSEU, ZENG-YEI/0000-0001-5015-6255 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-14781-4 PY 2011 BP 205 EP 241 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BSD40 UT WOS:000284200900009 ER PT B AU Padmanabhan, E Eswaran, H AF Padmanabhan, E. Eswaran, H. BE Kapur, S Eswaran, H Blum, WEH TI Impact of Shifting Agriculture on the Sustainability of Anthroscapes in Sarawak, Malaysia SO SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT: LEARNING FROM THE PAST FOR THE FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Shifting cultivation; Sarawak; Impact analyses; Mismanaged systems AB Shifting cultivation has a negative connotation particularly in western societies. It is viewed as a system that progressively deforests without attempts to regenerate the forests. Although the system is practiced in many developing countries its contributions to the forest ecosystem and the low-input agricultural system is not recognized. A major advantage is the biodiversity that prevails in this system in comparison to that which exists in the mono-clonal plantations. Mismanaged systems can lead to a land becoming a biodiversity-desert. Shifting cultivation, as practiced by the forest communities is a viable, sustainable enterprise but becomes compromised by modern interventions. Despite the negative connotations, the impact of shifting cultivation can be contained in a sustainable land management system. Precise data on spatial distribution of land areas affected by shifting cultivation is needed. The degradation potential of various fragile systems where shifting agriculture has been detected, can be ascertained with greater precision with such precise data. C1 [Padmanabhan, E.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Sci & Math, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Eswaran, H.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Padmanabhan, E (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Sci & Math, Sarawak, Malaysia. EM eswaran_padmanabhan@petronas.com.my; hari.Eswaran@wdc.usda.gov; hari.Eswaran@wdc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-14781-4 PY 2011 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BSD40 UT WOS:000284200900012 ER PT B AU Celik, I Yilmaz, KT Eswaran, H Mermut, A Dingil, M Kaya, Z Demirbas, A Aksit, I Ortas, I Gok, M Akpinar, C Nagano, T Ae, N Koca, YK Kapur, S AF Celik, I. Yilmaz, K. T. Eswaran, H. Mermut, A. Dingil, M. Kaya, Z. Demirbas, A. Aksit, I. Ortas, I. Gok, M. Akpinar, C. Nagano, T. Ae, N. Koca, Y. K. Kapur, S. BE Kapur, S Eswaran, H Blum, WEH TI Reconstructing the Past by Regenerating Biodiversity: A Treatise on Weed Contribution to Soil Quality at a Post-cultivation Succession SO SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT: LEARNING FROM THE PAST FOR THE FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Long term experiment; Soil quality; Weeds; Biodiversity; Cukurova region ID ORGANIC NITROGEN; ROOTS; CROPS AB Plant communities associated with the agricultural landscape are gradually getting impoverished and even eradicated and replaced by poor species in many places of the world. A large number of studies are now available about the interactions between root and the soil system. However, influence of plants on aggregate stability remains to be a complex issue. The aim of this work was to determine the changes in the soil quality indicators that have developed at the rhizospheres under the selected weeds in the abandoned land. The results confirmed significant changes on bio-diversity of weed communities in a succession of over a decade. There were only 14 weed species in the abandoned field in the spring of 1998. The survey in the spring of 2008 confirmed the presence of 34 species. A decadal abandonment of the prime soil of the Mediterranean environment proved to increase the amount of the water stable aggregates and the mycorrhizal activity along with the accumulation of the organic and available nitrogen. C1 [Celik, I.; Dingil, M.; Kaya, Z.; Demirbas, A.; Ortas, I.; Gok, M.; Akpinar, C.; Koca, Y. K.; Kapur, S.] Cukurova Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Yilmaz, K. T.] Cukurova Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Eswaran, H.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Mermut, A.] Univ Harran, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, Sanlurfa, Turkey. [Aksit, I.] Erciyes Univ, Kayseri, Turkey. [Nagano, T.] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Celik, I (reprint author), Cukurova Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. EM icelik@cu.edu.tr; tuluhan@cu.edu.tr; hari.Eswaran@wdc.usda.gov; mermut@harran.edu.tr; mdingil@cu.edu.tr; zkaya@cu.edu.tr; ademirbas@cu.edu.tr; iaksit@erciyes.edu.tr; iortas@cu.edu.tr; cakpinar@cu.edu.tr; naganot@ruby.kobe-u.acjp; aenoriha@kobe-u.ac.jp; ykkoca@cu.edu.tr; kapurs@cu.edu.tr; kapurs@cu.edu.tr; hari.Eswaran@wdc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-14781-4 PY 2011 BP 363 EP 378 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1_17 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BSD40 UT WOS:000284200900017 ER PT B AU Wang, RRC AF Wang, Richard R. -C. BE Kole, C TI Agropyron and Psathyrostachys SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES: CEREALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YELLOW-DWARF VIRUS; WHEAT-THINOPYRUM-INTERMEDIUM; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSLOCATIONS CONFERRING RESISTANCE; ALIEN SPECIES DERIVATIVES; ELYMUS-RECTISETUS NEES; DISOMIC ADDITION LINES C1 ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Richard.Wang@ars.usda.gov NR 217 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-14227-7 PY 2011 BP 77 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4 PG 32 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BUD20 UT WOS:000288917100002 ER PT B AU Loskutov, IG Rines, HW AF Loskutov, Igor G. Rines, Howard W. BE Kole, C TI Avena SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES: CEREALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROWN RUST RESISTANCE; GROAT-OIL CONTENT; F-SP AVENAE; PUCCINIA-CORONATA-AVENAE; VEGETATIVE GROWTH INDEX; OAT SPECIES AVENA; YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; UNIT STRAW WEIGHT; FATUA L CROSSES; POTT EX LINK C1 [Loskutov, Igor G.] NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, Dept Genet Resources Oat, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Rines, Howard W.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Loskutov, IG (reprint author), NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, Dept Genet Resources Oat, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya St, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. EM i.loskutov@vir.nw.ru; rines001@umn.edu RI Loskutov, Igor/D-5238-2013 OI Loskutov, Igor/0000-0002-9250-7225 NR 502 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-14227-7 PY 2011 BP 109 EP 183 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4 PG 75 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BUD20 UT WOS:000288917100003 ER PT B AU Tang, ZX Ross, K Ren, ZL Yang, ZJ Zhang, HY Chikmawati, T Miftahudin Gustafson, JP AF Tang, Z. X. Ross, K. Ren, Z. L. Yang, Z. J. Zhang, H. Y. Chikmawati, T. Miftahudin Gustafson, J. P. BE Kole, C TI Secale SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES: CEREALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHEAT-RYE TRANSLOCATIONS; HYCREST CRESTED WHEATGRASS; BIOLISTIC GENE-TRANSFER; REPEATED DNA-SEQUENCES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; CEREALE L.; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BREAD WHEAT; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CULTIVATED RYE C1 [Tang, Z. X.; Ren, Z. L.; Zhang, H. Y.] Sichuan Agr Univ, Key Lab Plant Genet & Breeding, Yaan City 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Chikmawati, T.; Miftahudin] Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. [Ross, K.; Gustafson, J. P.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, PGRU, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yang, Z. J.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Tang, ZX (reprint author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Key Lab Plant Genet & Breeding, Yaan City 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM zxtang@sicau.edu.cn; kathleen.ross@ars.usda.gov; auh5@sicau.edu.cn; yangzujun@uestc.edu.cn; zhyu@sicau.edu.cn; tchikmawati@yahoo.com; MiftahudinM@yahoo.com; pgus@missouri.edu NR 206 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-14227-7 PY 2011 BP 367 EP 396 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4 PG 30 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BUD20 UT WOS:000288917100008 ER PT B AU Mallikarjuna, N Coyne, C Cho, S Rynearson, S Rajesh, PN Jadhav, DR Muehlbauer, FJ AF Mallikarjuna, Nalini Coyne, Clarice Cho, Seungho Rynearson, Sheri Rajesh, P. N. Jadhav, Deepak R. Muehlbauer, Fred J. BE Kole, C TI Cicer SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES: LEGUME CROPS AND FORAGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARIETINUM L. GENOME; F-SP CICERIS; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT RESISTANCE; TAGGED MICROSATELLITE SITES; FUSARIUM-WILT; LINKAGE MAP; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; CULTIVATED CHICKPEA; GENETIC-VARIABILITY C1 [Mallikarjuna, Nalini; Jadhav, Deepak R.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Coyne, Clarice; Cho, Seungho; Rynearson, Sheri; Muehlbauer, Fred J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rajesh, P. N.] Dow AgroSci Trait Genet & Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. RP Mallikarjuna, N (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM N.Mallikarjuna@cgiar.org; muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 121 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-14386-1 PY 2011 BP 63 EP 82 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14387-8_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14387-8 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BUD17 UT WOS:000288916500004 ER PT B AU Morris, JB Wang, ML Morse, SA AF Morris, J. Bradley Wang, Ming Li Morse, Stephen A. BE Kole, C TI Ricinus SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES - OILSEEDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STABLE GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; COMMUNIS L.; CASTOR-OIL; HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; CHLOROGENIC ACID; RICINOLEIC ACID; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MATURE SEEDS; EMBRYO AXES; BIODIESEL C1 [Morris, J. Bradley; Wang, Ming Li] ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, USDA, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM brad.rnorris@ars.usda.gov; mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-14870-5 PY 2011 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14871-2_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14871-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BUD22 UT WOS:000288917300015 ER PT B AU Bell, RL Leitao, JM AF Bell, Richard L. Leitao, Jose Manuel BE Kole, C TI Cydonia SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES: TEMPERATE FRUITS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PYRUS-PYRIFOLIA NAKAI; X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; SHOOT REGENERATION; QUINCE LEAVES; LEAF EXPLANTS; MALOIDEAE ROSACEAE; SOMATIC EMBRYO; OBLONGA MILL.; JAPANESE PEAR; TERMINAL-FLOWER-1 HOMOLOGS C1 [Bell, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Leitao, Jose Manuel] Univ Algarve, FCT, BioFIG, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Richard.Bell@ars.usda.gov; jleitao@ualg.pt OI Leitao, Jose /0000-0003-4278-0415 NR 148 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-16056-1 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BTW08 UT WOS:000288227600001 ER PT B AU Bell, RL Itai, A AF Bell, Richard L. Itai, Akihiro BE Kole, C TI Pyrus SO WILD CROP RELATIVES: GENOMIC AND BREEDING RESOURCES: TEMPERATE FRUITS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIRE-BLIGHT RESISTANCE; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; PEROXIDASE ISOZYME PHENOTYPES; PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FEATURES; EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS; BLACK SPOT DISEASE; PCR-RFLP SYSTEM; JAPANESE PEAR; PYRIFOLIA NAKAI; RAPD MARKERS C1 [Bell, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Itai, Akihiro] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Hort Sci Lab, Tottori 6808553, Japan. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM richard.bell@ars.usda.gov; itai@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp NR 275 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-16056-1 PY 2011 BP 147 EP 177 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8 PG 31 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BTW08 UT WOS:000288227600008 ER PT B AU Ballesteros, D AF Ballesteros, Daniel BE Fernandez, H Kumar, A Revilla, MA TI Conservation of Fern Spores SO WORKING WITH FERNS: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEED STORAGE BEHAVIOR; ENDANGERED TREE FERN; GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; GERMINATING SPORES; CALORIMETRIC PROPERTIES; INTERMEDIATE CATEGORY; PTERIDOPHYTE SPORES; POLYPODIUM-VULGARE; CYATHEA-DELGADII; PTERIS-VITTATA C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ballesteros, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4419-7162-3 PY 2011 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7162-3_12 PG 8 WC Biology; Plant Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences GA BSL40 UT WOS:000284855600012 ER PT B AU Mikula, A Makowski, D Walters, C Rybczynski, JJ AF Mikula, Anna Makowski, Damian Walters, Christina Rybczynski, Jan J. BE Fernandez, H Kumar, A Revilla, MA TI Exploration of Cryo-methods to Preserve Tree and Herbaceous Fern Gametophytes SO WORKING WITH FERNS: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-VITRO CULTURE; SHOOT-TIPS; ENCAPSULATION DEHYDRATION; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; CRYOPRESERVATION; SPORES; VITRIFICATION; SPOROPHYTES; BRYOPHYTES C1 [Mikula, Anna; Makowski, Damian; Rybczynski, Jan J.] Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Biol Divers Conservat, Bot Garden, Plant Biotechnol Lab, Ul Prawdziwka 2, PL-02973 Warsaw, Poland. [Walters, Christina] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Mikula, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Biol Divers Conservat, Bot Garden, Plant Biotechnol Lab, Ul Prawdziwka 2, PL-02973 Warsaw, Poland. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4419-7162-3 PY 2011 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7162-3_13 PG 4 WC Biology; Plant Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences GA BSL40 UT WOS:000284855600013 ER PT J AU Petit, E Barriault, E Baumgartner, K Wilcox, WF Rolshausen, PE AF Petit, Elsa Barriault, Evelyne Baumgartner, Kendra Wilcox, Wayne F. Rolshausen, Philippe E. TI Cylindrocarpon Species Associated with Black-Foot of Grapevine in Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grapevine; viticulture; wood disease; black-foot disease; Cylindrocarpon ID 1ST REPORT; SP NOV.; DISEASE; LIRIODENDRI; MACRODIDYMUM; CALIFORNIA; ROT; CAMPYLOCARPON; NEONECTRIA; PATHOGENS AB Black-foot disease of grapevine is caused by a complex of soilborne fungi. The most common and virulent species, which are found across all major grapegrowing regions of the world, are Cylindrocarpon liriodendri (C. liriodendri) and C. macrodidymum (teleomorph = Neonectria). Other species with a more limited distribution and uncertainty regarding their pathogenicity include C. destructans, C. obtusisporum, C. pauciseptatum, Campylocarpon fasciculare (C. fasciculare), and C. pseudofasciculare. The goal was to identify the species associated with black-foot disease in vineyards of the northeastern United States (U.S.) and southeastern Canada as such regions have not previously been surveyed. Recent expansion of winegrape acreage in these regions necessitates a clear understanding of the disease risks. Eleven U.S. states and two Canadian provinces were surveyed. Genus-level identification was based preliminarily on colony morphology. Species-level identity was based on phylogenetic analysis of two nuclear loci, 5.8S rDNA and beta-tubulin, using voucher specimens and sequences with high sequence identity. We report for the first time from Canada recovery of C. liriodendri, C. macrodidymum, and C. destructans from symptomatic grapevines. Also reported are species not previously identified from black-foot symptomatic grapes anywhere in the world, including C. didymum and a Neonectria mammoidea-like species. Results suggest that local viticultural practices, primarily burying the vine underground during winter, may create injuries, and thus exacerbate infection by wound pathogens such as Cylindrocarpon. Overall this work improves the knowledge of black-foot disease in these nascent grapegrowing regions and will be helpful to growers in their decisions regarding viticultural practices, planting, and disease management. C1 [Rolshausen, Philippe E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Petit, Elsa] Amherst Coll, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Baumgartner, Kendra] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Baumgartner, Kendra] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wilcox, Wayne F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Rolshausen, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM philrols@ucr.edu FU USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-51100-19334] FX This research was funded by grant number 2008-51100-19334 to K. Baumgartner and P.E. Rolshausen from the USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.5344/ajev.2011.10112 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 779HJ UT WOS:000291768400004 ER PT J AU Condon, L Weisberg, PJ Chambers, JC AF Condon, Lea Weisberg, Peter J. Chambers, Jeanne C. TI Abiotic and biotic influences on Bromus tectorum invasion and Artemisia tridentata recovery after fire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire effects; Great Basin; landscape-scale; structural equation modelling; succession ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND; GREAT-BASIN; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CENTRAL NEVADA; SOIL; WILDFIRE; GRASSES; BURN; ESTABLISHMENT AB Native sagebrush ecosystems in the Great Basin (western USA) are often invaded following fire by exotic Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), a highly flammable annual grass. Once B. tectorum is established, higher fire frequencies can lead to local extirpation of Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (mountain big sagebrush) and have cascading effects on sagebrush ecosystems and the species that depend on them. We conducted a landscape-scale observational study to examine the distribution and cover of B. tectorum and A. tridentata 6 years after a large wildland fire. We used structural equation models to quantify the interacting influences of pre-fire tree canopy cover, perennial species cover, distance from potential seed source, and site environment on post-fire cover of B. tectorum and A. tridentata. Results confirmed a hypothesised negative effect of pre-fire tree canopy cover on post-fire cover of A. tridentata. Site-and landscape-level abiotic factors influenced pre-fire tree canopy cover, which, in turn, influenced the probability of rapid recovery to A. tridentata. However, B. tectorum cover was primarily influenced by a positive effect of incident solar radiation and a negative effect of perennial herbaceous species cover. Restoration efforts to reduce tree canopy cover should be limited to productive sites with sufficient cover of perennial herbaceous species to facilitate site recovery. C1 [Condon, Lea; Weisberg, Peter J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Condon, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM leacondon@yahoo.com FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [05-JFSP-2-1-94]; USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Nevada Agricultural Experimental Station FX This manuscript benefited from the comments of David Board, Erin Goergen, Steve Jenkins, Dongwook Ko, Ben Rau and Ashley Sparrow. Michael Clark, Teresa Olson, Jon Propp and Chelsea Robison assisted with field work. Bob Blank contributed the use of the USDA Agricultural Research Service Soils Laboratory. This project was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (05-JFSP-2-1-94), USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Nevada Agricultural Experimental Station. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 33 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1071/WF09082 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 779TS UT WOS:000291805700012 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Conn, JS AF Seefeldt, Steven S. Conn, Jeffery S. TI Control of Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) in Southern Alaska SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; exotic weeds; greenhouse; nonindigenous plant; weed control AB Orange hawkweed is a perennial European plant that has colonized roadsides and grasslands in south-central and southeast Alaska. This plant is forming near-monotypic stands, reducing plant diversity, and decreasing pasture productivity. A replicated greenhouse study was conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2007 to determine the efficacy of six herbicides (aminopyralid, clopyralid, picloram, picloram + chlorsulfuron, picloram + metsulfuron, and triclopyr) for orange hawkweed control. Based on results of the greenhouse trials, replicated field studies were conducted at two sites each year in 2007 and 2008 with three rates each of aminopyralid and clopyralid to determine efficacy of orange hawkweed control and impacts on nontarget native vegetation. In the field, only aminopyralid at 105 g ae ha(-1) (0.1 lb ae ac(-1)) and clopyralid at 420 g ae ha(-1) controlled orange hawkweed consistently, with peak injury observed 1 yr after treatment. Control with clopyralid was slightly less than that provided by aminopyralid at all observation times, except at Homer, AK, in 2007, where there was a near-monotypic stand of orange hawkweed, and clopyralid did not remove all orange hawkweed plants. Aminopyralid controlled clover (Trifolium spp.), seacoast angelica (Angelica lucida), arctic daisy (Chrysanthemum arcticum), common hempnettle (Galeopsis tetrahit), and willow (Salix spp.) in the treated areas. Other plant species, such as grasses and some annual forbs, recovered or increased following control of the hawkweed. Clopyralid had less impact on nontarget species with most recovering the year after treatment. In a pasture system, where grasses are preferred to forbs and shrubs, aminopyralid has an advantage because it controls a broader array of forbs compared with clopyralid. In natural areas, where the desire to retain biodiversity and the aesthetics of multiple forb species mixed with grasses and willows is preferred, clopyralid will leave greater species diversity than aminopyralid. C1 [Seefeldt, Steven S.; Conn, Jeffery S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steven.seefeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00020.1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MH UT WOS:000291707900011 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH McDaniel, KC AF Ralphs, Michael H. McDaniel, Kirk C. TI Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae): Toxicoloy, Ecology, Control, and Management SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive weed; poisonous plant; seed ecology; population cycles; state-and-transition model ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION CHANGES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CATTLE; FIRE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GERMINATION; GRASSLANDS; MORTALITY; RESPONSES AB Broom snakeweed is a native weed widely distributed on rangelands of western North America. It often increases to near monocultures following disturbance from overgrazing, fire, or drought. This paper presents an up-to-date review of broom snakeweed toxicology, seed ecology, population cycles, succession, and management. The greatest ecological concern is that broom snakeweed displaces desirable forage for livestock or wildlife and greatly reduces biodiversity. It also is toxic and can cause abortions in all species of livestock. Propagation usually is pulse-driven in wet years, allowing large expanses of even-aged stands to establish and dominate plant communities. Snakeweed can be controlled by prescribed burning or spraying with herbicides. A weed-resistant plant community dominated by competitive grasses can prevent or minimize its reinvasion. C1 [Ralphs, Michael H.] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Anim & Range Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Michael.Ralphs@ars.usda.gov NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00038.1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MH UT WOS:000291707900015 ER PT J AU Quinn, LD Matlaga, DP Stewart, JR Davis, AS AF Quinn, Lauren D. Matlaga, David P. Stewart, J. Ryan Davis, Adam S. TI Empirical Evidence of Long-Distance Dispersal in Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus X giganteus SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; bioenergy; dispersal kernel; fat-tailed; invasiveness; probability density function ID SEED DISPERSAL; SPECIES ATTRIBUTES; BIOENERGY CROP; WIND; PATTERNS; SPREAD; FOREST; INVASIVENESS; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS AB Many perennial bioenergy grasses have the potential to escape cultivation and invade natural areas. We quantify dispersal, a key component in invasion, for two bioenergy candidates:Miscanthus sinensis and M X giganteus. For each species, approximately 1 X 10(6) caryopses dispersed anemochorously from a point source into traps placed in annuli near the source (0.5 to 5 m; 1.6 to 16.4 ft) and in arcs (10 to 400 m) in the prevailing wind direction. For both species, most caryopses (95% for M sinensis and 77% for M X giganteus) were captured within 50 m of the source, but a small percentage (0.2 to 3%) were captured at 300 m and 400 m. Using a maximum-likelihood approach, we evaluated the degree of support in our empirical dispersal data for competing functions to describe seed-dispersal kernels. Fat-tailed functions (lognormal, Weibull, and gamma (Gamma)) fit dispersal patterns best for both species overall, but because M. sinensis dispersal distances were significantly affected by wind speed, curves were also fit separately for dispersal distances in low, moderate, and high wind events. Wind speeds shifted the M. sinensis dispersal curve from a thin-tailed exponential function at low speeds to fat-tailed lognormal functions at moderate and high wind speeds. M. sinensis caryopses traveled farther in higher wind speeds (low, 30 m; moderate, 150 m; high, 400 m). Our results demonstrate the ability of Miscanthus caryopses to travel long distances and raise important implications for potential escape and invasion of fertile Miscanthus varieties from bioenergy cultivation. C1 [Quinn, Lauren D.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Matlaga, David P.; Davis, Adam S.] ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stewart, J. Ryan] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Quinn, LD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ldquinn@illinois.edu RI Quinn, Lauren/F-9742-2010 OI Quinn, Lauren/0000-0002-9349-9191 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; University of Illinois Energy Biosciences Institute FX We thank Tyler Slack for field assistance, David Taylor for collecting M. sinensis panicles in Kentucky, Jim Moody for technical support, Avraham Adler for statistical assistance, and Tim Mies for supplying archived wind data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for improvements to the manuscript. This work was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the University of Illinois Energy Biosciences Institute. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00067.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MH UT WOS:000291707900017 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Johnson, DD AF Davies, Kirk W. Johnson, Dustin D. TI Are We "Missing the Boat" on Preventing the Spread of Invasive Plants in Rangelands? SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Applied research; conservation; dispersal; invasion; land management; resistance ID UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; PERENNIAL GRASS; ECONOMIC COSTS; GLOBAL CHANGE; DIVERSITY; RISK; RESTORATION AB Invasive plants are negatively affecting the ecological and economic production of rangelands by reducing resource productivity, decreasing biodiversity, displacing native vegetation, and altering ecosystem processes and functions. However, despite these well-known negative effects, once invasive plants are regionally established, limited effort is directed at preventing their continued spread across rangelands. Most efforts are directed at restoration at specific locations while additional rangelands are invaded. Restoring native plant communities invaded by exotic plants is frequently unsuccessful, especially in more arid environments, and is often too costly to apply at the scale required to make meaningful progress in reducing invasive plant populations relative to their expansion. Of the few prevention efforts being implemented, most are a second priority to control and restoration efforts. Integrating strategies to prevent new infestations and restrict the expansion of existing populations in invasive plant management programs is critical to limiting the negative effects of invasive plants in rangelands. However, we are "missing the boat" on this issue by not providing sufficiently developed and validated management actions. Limited information is available for developing management strategies to prevent the spread of invasive plants, although it has been suggested that land managers need to increase biotic resistance of desired plant communities, decrease invasive plant propagule pressure, and eradicate small incipient infestations to prevent the continued expansion of invasive plants. Thus, instead of scientifically validated methods developed to limit the spread of invasive plants, managers are often left with vague suggestions for preventing the continued spread of invasive plants. We suggest that if prevention is going to be successful, researchers are going to need to conduct more applied research to provide land managers with specific prevention strategies and quantify the benefits of various prevention strategies. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Harney Cty Extens Off, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX The authors appreciate the thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript by Drs. Jane Mangold and Chad Boyd. The authors are also grateful for the constructive reviews provided by the anonymous reviewers. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 38 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00030.1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MH UT WOS:000291707900020 ER PT S AU Vahey, DW Tozzi, EJ Scott, CT Klingenberg, DJ AF Vahey, David W. Tozzi, Emilio J. Scott, C. Tim Klingenberg, Daniel J. BE Beraldin, JA Cheok, GS McCarthy, MB NeuschaeferRube, U Baskurt, AM McDowall, IE Dolinsky, M TI 3D imaging studies of rigid-fiber sedimentation SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING, INTERACTION, AND MEASUREMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Three-Dimensional Imaging, Interaction, and Measurement CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol (IS&T), SPIE DE Sedimentation; 3D imaging; fibers; orthogonal cameras; terminal velocity; angular velocity; helical trajectory; 3D image processing; hydrodynamic theory; fiber curl; fiber asymmetry ID STOKES RESISTANCE; SHAPE; SUSPENSIONS; SIMULATIONS; PARTICLE AB Fibers are industrially important particles that experience coupling between rotational and translational motion during sedimentation. This leads to helical trajectories that have yet to be accurately predicted or measured. Sedimentation experiments and hydrodynamic analysis were performed on 11 copper "fibers" of average length 10.3 mm and diameter 0.20 mm. Each fiber contained three linear but non-coplanar segments. Fiber dimensions were measured by imaging their 2D projections on three planes. The fibers were sequentially released into silicone oil contained in a transparent cylinder of square cross section. Identical, synchronized cameras were mounted to a moveable platform and imaged the cylinder from orthogonal directions. The cameras were fixed in position during the time that a fiber remained in the field of view. Subsequently, the cameras were controllably moved to the next lower field of view. The trajectories of descending fibers were followed over distances up to 250 mm. Custom software was written to extract fiber orientation and trajectory from the 3D images. Fibers with similar terminal velocity often had significantly different terminal angular velocities. Both were well-predicted by theory. The radius of the helical trajectory was hard to predict when angular velocity was high, probably reflecting uncertainties in fiber shape, initial velocity, and fluid conditions associated with launch. Nevertheless, lateral excursion of fibers during sedimentation was reasonably predicted by fiber curl and asymmetry, suggesting the possibility of sorting fibers according to their shape. C1 [Vahey, David W.; Scott, C. Tim] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Vahey, DW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-401-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7864 AR 786405 DI 10.1117/12.872128 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVK31 UT WOS:000291691300004 ER PT J AU Zhou, MM Kimbeng, CA Tew, TL Gravois, KA Pontif, MJ AF Zhou, Marvellous M. Kimbeng, Collins A. Tew, Thomas L. Gravois, Kenneth A. Pontif, Michael J. TI Artificial Neural Network Models as a Decision Support Tool for Selection in Sugarcane: A Case Study Using Seedling Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC PATH ANALYSES; YIELD PREDICTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Artificial neural network (ANN) models are mathematical models based on biological neural networks; they are a supervised learning method and use pattern learning from a training dataset that is a subsample of the whole dataset to produce predictions of response variables. We demonstrate the potential of an ANN model as a tool for selection in sugarcane. Cane yield components, namely stalk number, stalk height, and stalk diameter, were measured on individual seedlings and used as predictor variables to produce a selection decision (reject or select a seedling) based on an ANN model. Compared with the currently used visual method of selection, the difference in cane yield between the mean of the selected and rejected seedlings was greater for seedlings selected by the ANN model. The difference increased when similar selection intensity was applied in both selection methods. The ANN model selected fewer seedlings with cane yield lower than the population mean and rejected fewer seedlings with higher cane yield compared with the visual method. The ANN model compels the breeder to consider all traits simultaneously when deciding whether to select or reject a clone, which is likely to be more efficient than judging the merit by considering each trait independently. The ANN model can be a valuable tool to determine selection rates to be applied in selecting sugarcane families during seedling selection. C1 [Zhou, Marvellous M.; Kimbeng, Collins A.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tew, Thomas L.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Gravois, Kenneth A.; Pontif, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sugar Res Stn, Ctr Agr, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Kimbeng, CA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Ctr Agr, 104 MB Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ckimbeng@agcenter.lsu.edu FU American Sugar Cane League of the USA, Inc FX This research was supported by a grant from The American Sugar Cane League of the USA, Inc. The sugarcane breeding staff at the USDA and LSU AgCenter provided much needed technical assistance during the field work. Two anonymous reviewers provided critical reviews as well as tremendous insights and input that helped to strengthen the manuscript. All are gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0057 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 695ZG UT WOS:000285411100004 ER PT J AU Gore, MA Coyle, G Friebe, B Coffelt, TA Salvucci, ME AF Gore, Michael A. Coyle, Gwen Friebe, Bernd Coffelt, Terry A. Salvucci, Michael E. TI Complex Ploidy Level Variation in Guayule Breeding Programs SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PLANT SPECIATION; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASMS; SELECTION AB Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) is a potential source of natural rubber, but attempts to domesticate and cultivate this perennial crop for large-scale production in the southwestern United States have been intermittent over the past century. Genetic improvement through modern plant breeding is needed to increase its yield potential and suitability for commercialization. Natural variation for ploidy level is extensive among individuals in wild guayule populations, but less is known about the extent of ploidy level variation in guayule breeding germplasm. Because ploidy variation is among the factors that slow the rate of genetic gain in guayule breeding programs, determining the ploidy level of publicly available guayule accessions would help to accelerate the development of stable, high yielding cultivars. To that end, we adapted flow cytometry to examine the ploidy of 34 guayule accessions available from the National Plant Germplasm System. The data revealed a natural polyploid series ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 36) to pentaploid (2n = 5x = 90), with 4x being the predominant ploidy. Interestingly, not all plants sampled from an accession had the same ploidy level (mixed ploidy). Notably, the integration of ploidy and pedigree data uncovered complex ploidy variation in guayule breeding programs. The frequency and range of ploidy variation observed in this germplasm will help to direct future breeding efforts as well as linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies. C1 [Gore, Michael A.; Coyle, Gwen; Coffelt, Terry A.; Salvucci, Michael E.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Friebe, Bernd] Kansas State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gore, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM Michael.Gore@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX We especially thank Dr. Dennis Ray for chromosome counts in pollen mother cells from PI 478663 and comments on the manuscript. Also, we wish to thank Drs. Denise Costich and Jeff White for critical evaluation of the manuscript and NALPGRU for providing seed of the guayule accessions. This work was supported by USDA-ARS. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.05.0283 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 695ZG UT WOS:000285411100021 ER PT J AU Slattery, RA Pritzl, S Reinwand, K Trautschold, B Palmer, RG Sandhu, D AF Slattery, Rebecca A. Pritzl, Sarah Reinwand, Katie Trautschold, Brian Palmer, Reid G. Sandhu, Devinder TI Mapping Eight Male-Sterile, Female-Sterile Soybean Mutants SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L. MERR.; GLYCINE-MAX; GENE; MUTATION; IDENTIFICATION; LEGUMINOSAE; SEQUENCE; PLANTS; LOCUS; RATES AB In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], mutations in genes involved in meiosis can lead to altered chromosome pairing and result in nonfunctional gametes. Mutability of the w(4) flower color locus in soybean is due to an unstable allele designated w(4)-m (mutable). Several germinal revertant studies using the w(4)-m system resulted in generation of mutants for necrotic roots, chlorophyll-deficiency, and sterility. In the present study, six male-sterile, female-sterile mutant lines were identified from an independent mutational event that involved T366H (female-partial sterile mutant), which was a germinal revertant of w(4)-m. In addition, two spontaneous mutations were identified that resulted in male-sterile, female-sterile mutants. The objectives of this study were to investigate if the newly identified six male-sterile, female-sterile germinal revertant mutants were allelic to previous germinal revertant steriles or are novel mutants and to molecularly map the locations of these six mutants along with two spontaneous male-sterile, female-sterile mutants. Three of the six mutants identified in the germinal revertant study mapped to the st8 region on chromosome Gm16 (molecular linkage group [MLG] J). The other three mutants mapped to a novel location on chromosome Gm14 (MLG B2). Of the two spontaneous mutants, one mapped to chromosome Gm02 (MLG D1b) and the second one mapped to Gm18 (MLG G). C1 [Slattery, Rebecca A.; Pritzl, Sarah; Reinwand, Katie; Trautschold, Brian; Sandhu, Devinder] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Palmer, Reid G.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS CICGR, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sandhu, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM dsandhu@uwsp.edu FU Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa [4403]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service; Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit; UWSP Undergraduate Education Initiative FX This is a joint contribution from the Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, from the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 4403, and from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, and supported by UWSP Undergraduate Education Initiative and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service. The mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the Department of Biology, UWSP, Iowa State University, or the USDA, and the use of the name by the Department of Biology, UWSP, Iowa State University, or the USDA imply no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0351 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 695ZG UT WOS:000285411100024 ER PT J AU Lopez-Garcia, JA Ocumpaugh, WR Ortega-Santos, JA Lloyd-Reilley, J Muir, JP AF Lopez-Garcia, Jorge A. Ocumpaugh, William R. Ortega-Santos, J. Alfonso Lloyd-Reilley, John Muir, James P. TI North American Bristlegrass Seed Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Environment SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Information on field management practices for seed production of newly domesticated grasses native to the southern Great Plains of North America has not been well documented. This study was conducted to document seed yield responses of one accession of plains bristlegrass [Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.] and three accessions of streambed bristlegrass [Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum.] to 0, 50, 75, 100, and 140 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) under irrigation at Stephenville and Beeville, TX, during 2005 and 2006. The soil at Stephenville was a Windthorst fine sandy loam, mixed, thermic Udic Paleustalfs and at Beeville a Parrita clayey, mixed, active, hyperthermic, shallow Petrocalcic Paleustolls. Seed yields across N levels at Stephenville in year of establishment ranged (p < 0.05) from 57 to 753 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). October seed yield of accession 648 increased (p < 0.05) 305% with 75 kg N ha(-1) compared to the no-N treatment at Beeville. Seed production peaked at 328 kg ha(-1) for accession 648 and 352 kg ha(-1) for accession 715 in spring 2006 at Beeville. Inflorescence density was positively correlated to seed yield (from 81 to 93%). Optimum bristlegrass N fertilizer management varied with accession, location, and year. C1 [Muir, James P.] Texas A&M Univ AgriLIFE Res Stephenville, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. [Lopez-Garcia, Jorge A.] INIFAP, Queretaro 76040, Mexico. [Ocumpaugh, William R.] Texas A&M Univ AgriLIFE Res, Oakland, OR 97462 USA. [Ortega-Santos, J. Alfonso] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Lloyd-Reilley, John] USDA NRCS, Kika de la Garza Plant Mat Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Muir, JP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ AgriLIFE Res Stephenville, 1229 N US Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. EM j-muir@tamu.edu OI Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.01.0036 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 695ZG UT WOS:000285411100039 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW Albano, J Williams, M AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. Albano, Joseph Williams, Mimi TI Spatial distribution of soil phosphorus and herbage mass in beef cattle pastures: effects of slope aspect and slope position SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Slope aspect; Slope position; Bahiagrass; Cow-calf; Phosphorus; Phosphorus uptake; Degree of phosphorus saturation in soils ID NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; WATER; PREDICTION; DYNAMICS; MOISTURE; FORESTS; CARBON; SALT AB Characterizing and assessing spatial distribution of soil phosphorus and herbage mass in relation to landscape properties, land use, or landscape positions is important for understanding how pasture sustainability can be managed and improved properly. Our reason for conducting this study was to determine the effects of different slope aspects and slope positions on spatial distribution of soil phosphorus and herbage mass in subtropical pastures. Soil and forage samples were collected from contiguous south-, north-, east-, and west-facing slopes across different landscape positions (top slope, middle slope, and bottom slope) in 100 ha of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)-based pastures from 2003 to 2006 in subtropical region of southeastern USA. Averaged across years, soils on the north-facing slope contained the greatest amount of soil phosphorus (12.4 +/- A 2.7 mg kg(-1)) when compared with other slope aspects. Slope aspect may be acting as an important topographic factor influencing local site microclimate mainly because it determines the amount of solar radiation received. The greatest herbage mass (averaged across year) of 2,967 +/- A 980 kg ha(-1) and the highest phosphorus accumulation of 7.7 +/- A 3.0 kg ha(-1) for bahiagrass were from the top slope position. There was a significant (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05) decrease in the average herbage mass and phosphorus accumulation with decreasing slope (top to middle slope). Between the top slope and the bottom slope, herbage mass declined from 2,967 +/- A 980 to 1,805 +/- A 370 kg ha(-1) while phosphorus accumulation was reduced by approximately 40% (7.7-4.6 kg ha(-1)). Results of our study may increase awareness on how the arrangement of food, water, and shelter and their interactions with topographic and landscape features can significantly influence the movement of animals and utilization of different pastures' resources. While our study supports our hypothesis that slope aspect and slope position could be of relative importance in controlling spatial distribution of soil phosphorus and herbage mass, broad knowledge of cattle movement in pasture situations is as critical to understanding their impact on agro-ecosystems. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.; Coleman, Samuel W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Albano, Joseph] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Williams, Mimi] NRCS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 89 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10705-010-9376-2 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 695IZ UT WOS:000285365100005 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, AW Caesar-TonThat, T Jabro, JD Lartey, RT Evans, RG Allen, BL AF Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew W. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan Jabro, Jalal D. Lartey, Robert T. Evans, Robert G. Allen, Brett L. TI Dryland residue and soil organic matter as influenced by tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Crop rotation; Cultural practice; Nitrogen storage; Plant biomass; Surface residue; Tillage ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SEMIARID MONTANA; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS; SEQUENCE; INTENSITY; ECONOMICS; YIELDS AB Novel management practices are needed to increase dryland soil organic matter and crop yields that have been declining due to long-term conventional tillage with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system in the northern Great Plains, USA. The effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice were evaluated on dryland crop biomass (stems + leaves) yield, surface residue, and soil organic C (SOC) and total N (STN) at the 0-20 cm depth in a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid, Typic Argiustolls) from 2004 to 2007 in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were two tillage practices [no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)], four crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (W-P), spring wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) hay-pea (W-B-P), and spring wheat-barley hay-corn (Zea mays L.)-pea (W-B-C-P)], and two cultural practices [regular (conventional seed rates and plant spacing, conventional planting date, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height) and ecological (variable seed rates and plant spacing, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height)]. Crop biomass and N content were 4 to 44% greater in W-B-C-P than in CW in 2004 and 2005 and greater in ecological than in regular cultural practice in CT. Soil surface residue amount and C and N contents were greater in NT than in CT, greater in CW, W-P, and W-B-C-P than in W-B-P, and greater in 2006 and 2007 than in 2004 and 2005. The SOC and STN concentrations at 0-5 cm were 4 to 6% greater in CW than in W-P or W-B-P in NT and CT from 2005 and 2007. In 2007, SOC content at 10-20 cm was greater in W-P and W-B-P than in W-B-C-P in CT but STN was greater in W-B-P and W-B-C-P than in CW in NT. From 2004 to 2007, SOC and STN concentrations varied at 0-5 cm but increased at 5-20 cm. Diversified crop rotation and delayed planting with higher seed rates and banded N fertilization increased the amount of crop biomass returned to the soil and surface residue C and N. Although no-tillage increased surface residue C and N, continuous nonlegume cropping increased soil C and N levels at the surface layer compared with other crop rotations. Continued return of crop residue from 2004 to 2007 may increase soil C and N levels but long-term studies are needed to better evaluate the effect of management practices on soil C and N levels under dryland cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Lenssen, Andrew W.; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan; Jabro, Jalal D.; Lartey, Robert T.; Evans, Robert G.; Allen, Brett L.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2011 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0403-5 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 695RC UT WOS:000285389300004 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Osborne, SL Schumacher, TE Pikul, JL AF Riedell, Walter E. Osborne, Shannon L. Schumacher, Thomas E. Pikul, Joseph L. TI Grassland canopy management and native tallgrass species composition effects on C and N in grass canopies and soil SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Cool season grasses; Warm season grasses; Soil organic carbon; Grassland management; Soil organic carbon; Aboveground grass biomass AB Grassland canopy management (spring burn, mowing and residue removal in late-summer, or no management) and native tallgrass species composition (cool season mixture, warm season mixture, or combined cool and warm mixture) effects on C and N in aboveground biomass and soil were investigated at Brookings SD on a previously-plowed Barnes clay loam (fine-loamy, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludoll). During the last 2 yr of the 9-yr experiment, shoot biomass was affected by canopy management with the burn (2,730 kg ha(-1)) and mow (3,421 kg ha(-1)) treatments containing less than no management (4,655 kg ha(-1)). Burn treatment biomass contained 1,189 kg ha(-1) and 25 kg ha(-1) of C and N, mow contained 1,433 kg ha(-1) and 33 kg ha(-1) of C and N, while no management contained 2,014 kg ha(-1) and 39 kg ha(-1) of C and N, respectively. Soil C accumulation was independent of grass species composition. Soil C accumulation rates, which increased in strong linear fashion (r (2) of 0.89 to 0.92) after initial grass establishment, were 387 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1), 503 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1), and 711 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) for burn, mow, and no management treatments, respectively. Thus, grassland management methods used after conversion of cropland to grassland have important effects on grass biomass and soil C accumulation. C1 [Riedell, Walter E.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Pikul, Joseph L.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Schumacher, Thomas E.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2011 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0341-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 695RC UT WOS:000285389300006 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Causarano, HJ Norfleet, ML AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Causarano, Hector J. Norfleet, M. Lee TI Calibration of the soil conditioning index (SCI) to soil organic carbon in the southeastern USA SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Conservation tillage; Crop rotation; Modeling; No tillage; Organic matter ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; LONG-TERM CONSERVATION; NO-TILL MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; MATTER FRACTIONS; COVER CROPS AB Prediction of soil organic C sequestration with adoption of various conservation agricultural management approaches is needed to meet the emerging market for environmental services provided by agricultural land stewardship. The soil conditioning index (SCI) is a relatively simple model used by the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service to predict qualitative changes in soil organic matter. Our objective was to develop a quantitative relationship between soil organic C derived from published field studies in the southeastern USA and SCI scores predicted from matching management conditions. We found that soil organic C sequestration (at 20 +/- 5 cm depth) could be reliably related to SCI across a diversity of studies in the region using the regression slope: 1.65 Mg C ha(-1) SCI(-1) [which translated into a rate of 0.25 +/- 0.04 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) SCI(-1) (mean +/- standard error of 31 slope estimates)]. The calibration of soil organic C on SCI scores will allow SCI to become a quantitative tool for natural resource professionals to predict soil organic C sequestration for farmers wanting to adopt conservation practices. C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Causarano, Hector J.] Natl Univ Asunc, San Lorenzo, Paraguay. [Norfleet, M. Lee] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated [05-712]; USDA-ARS FX Financial support was provided in part by Cotton Incorporated (Agr. No. 05-712) and USDA-ARS GRACEnet Cross-Location Research Project. We appreciate the assistance of Deborah Beese (Abrahamson) early in the project NR 63 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2011 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0310-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 695RC UT WOS:000285389300018 ER PT J AU Adiyaman, T Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ Sloan, JM Jackson, MA Rooney, AP AF Adiyaman, Tugba Schisler, David A. Slininger, Patricia J. Sloan, Jennifer M. Jackson, Mark A. Rooney, Alejandro P. TI Selection of Biocontrol Agents of Pink Rot Based on Efficacy and Growth Kinetics Index Rankings SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM DRY ROT; PHYTOPHTHORA-ERYTHROSEPTICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS; POTATO CULTIVAR; LATE BLIGHT; MICROORGANISMS; RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS; INOCULUM AB The microbiota of 84 different agricultural soils were transferred to separate samples of a 7 irradiation-sterilized field soil enriched with potato periderm, and the resulting soils were assayed for biological suppressiveness to Phytophthora erythroseptica and their effect on zoospore production. The 13 most suppressive soil samples, which reduced zoospore production by 14 to 93% and disease severity on tubers by 6 to 21%, were used to isolate 279 organisms. Fourteen strains that reduce pink rot infections in preliminary tests were selected for further study. Six bacterial strains that reduced the severity of disease (P <= 0.05, Fischer's protected least significant difference) in subsequent tests were identified as Bacillus simplex (three strains), Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas koreensis, and P. lini. Relative performance indices (RPIs) for biocontrol efficacy and for each of four kinetic parameters, including total colony-forming units (CFU(max)), biomass production values (DW(max)), cell production after 8 h (OD(8)), and time of recovery from oxygen depletion (DT) were calculated for each strain. Overall RPI(Eff,Kin) values for each strain then were calculated using strain RPI values for both efficacy (RPI(Eff)) and kinetics (RPI(Kin)). Strains with the highest RPIEff,K; possess the best biocontrol efficacy of the strains tested and liquid culture growth characteristics that suggest commercial development potential. C1 [Schisler, David A.; Slininger, Patricia J.; Sloan, Jennifer M.; Jackson, Mark A.; Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Adiyaman, Tugba] Ege Univ, Sci & Technol Ctr EBILTEM, Izmir, Turkey. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM david.schisler@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 95 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-10-0284 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 696NR UT WOS:000285448600004 ER PT J AU Twizeyimana, M Ojiambo, PS Hartman, GL Bandyopadhyay, R AF Twizeyimana, M. Ojiambo, P. S. Hartman, G. L. Bandyopadhyay, R. TI Dynamics of Soybean Rust Epidemics in Sequential Plantings of Soybean Cultivars in Nigeria SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; SEVERITY; RESISTANCE; DATE; TEMPERATURE; VARIETIES; GERMPLASM; FUNGICIDE; PERIOD; STAGE AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is an important foliar disease of soybean. Disease severity is dependent on several environmental factors, although the precise nature of most of these factors under field conditions is not known. To help understand the environmental factors that affect disease development, soybean rust epidemics were studied in Nigeria by sequentially planting an early-maturing, highly susceptible cultivar, TGx 1485-1D, and a late-maturing, moderately susceptible cultivar, TGx 1448-2E, at 30- to 45-day intervals from August 2004 to September 2006. Within each planting date, disease onset occurred earlier on TGx 1485-1D than on TGx 1448-2E, and rust onset was at least 20 days earlier on soybean planted between August and October than on soybean planted between November and April. The logistic model provided a better description of the temporal increase in rust severity than the Gompertz model. Based on the logistic model, the highest absolute rates of disease increase were observed on soybean planted in September 2006 and October 2004 for TGx 1485-1D and TGx 1448-2E, respectively. Disease severity as measured by the relative area under disease progress curve (RAUDPC) was significantly (P < 0.05) negatively correlated with evaporation (r = -0.73), solar radiation (r = -0.59), and temperature (r = -0.64) but positively correlated with urediniospore concentration (r = 0.58). Planting date and soybean cultivar significantly (P < 0.05) affected disease severity, with severity being higher on soybean crops planted during the wet season than those planted in the dry season. Within the wet season, planting in May and July resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) lower RAUDPC than planting between August and October. Yields were significantly (P < 0.001) related to RAUDPC during the wet season, whereby an increase in RAUDPC resulted in a linear decrease in yield. This study suggests that selection of planting date could be a useful cultural practice for reducing soybean rust. C1 [Ojiambo, P. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Twizeyimana, M.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Twizeyimana, M.; Ojiambo, P. S.; Bandyopadhyay, R.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Hartman, G. L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ojiambo, PS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM peter_ojiambo@ncsu.edu OI Twizeyimana, Mathias/0000-0003-2173-6693 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 95 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0436 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 696NR UT WOS:000285448600007 ER PT J AU Miles, JR Vallet, JL Ford, JJ Freking, BA Cushman, RA Oliver, WT Christenson, RK AF Miles, J. R. Vallet, J. L. Ford, J. J. Freking, B. A. Cushman, R. A. Oliver, W. T. Christenson, R. K. TI PIGLET GROWTH AND BLOOD COMPONENTS DURING LACTATION FOLLOWING RECIPROCAL EMBRYO TRANSFER BETWEEN MEISHAN AND WHITE CROSSBRED GILTS SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miles, J. R.; Vallet, J. L.; Ford, J. J.; Freking, B. A.; Cushman, R. A.; Oliver, W. T.; Christenson, R. K.] USDA ARS, USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 MA 148 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 690MF UT WOS:000285008200161 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Fritschi, FB Stacey, G Yang, ZW AF Wang, Cuizhen Fritschi, Felix B. Stacey, Gary Yang, ZhengWei TI Phenology-Based Assessment of Perennial Energy Crops in North American Tallgrass Prairie SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; crop phenology; MODIS imagery; time-series analysis ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; TIME-SERIES; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION PHENOLOGY; NDVI DATA; MODIS; FEEDSTOCK; ETHANOL; MAPS; CORN AB Biomass is the largest source of renewable energy in the United States, and corn ethanol currently constitutes the vast majority of the country's biofuel. Extended plantation of annual crops for biofuel production, however, has raised concerns about long-term environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), along with other warm-season grasses, is native to the precolonial tallgrass prairie in North America and is identified as an alternative energy crop for cellulosic feedstocks. This article describes a phenology-based geospatial approach to mapping the geographic distribution of this perennial energy crop in the tallgrass prairie. Time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery (500-m resolution, eight-day interval) in 2007 were processed to extract five phenology metrics: end of season, season length, peak season, summer dry-down, and cumulative growth. A multitier decision tree was developed to map major crops, especially native prairie grasses in the region. The geographic context of the 20 million ha of perennial native grasses extracted in this study could be combined with economic and environmental considerations in a geographic information system to assist decision making for energy crop development in the prairie region. C1 [Wang, Cuizhen] Univ Missouri, Dept Geog, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Ctr Sustainable Energy, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Div Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yang, ZhengWei] Natl Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geog, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wangcu@missouri.edu; fritschif@missouri.edu; staceyg@missouri.edu; zhengwei_yang@nass.usda.gov RI Yang, Zhengwei/A-1649-2013 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 SI SI BP 742 EP 751 AR PII 937004676 DI 10.1080/00045608.2011.567934 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 775WV UT WOS:000291495100005 ER PT J AU Brunsell, NA Mechem, DB Anderson, MC AF Brunsell, N. A. Mechem, D. B. Anderson, M. C. TI Surface heterogeneity impacts on boundary layer dynamics via energy balance partitioning SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; THERMALLY FORCED CIRCULATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; STEEP ALPINE VALLEY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; LAND-SURFACE; CLIMATE-MODELS; SCALE ISSUES; BOWEN-RATIO AB The role of land-atmosphere interactions under heterogeneous surface conditions is investigated in order to identify mechanisms responsible for altering surface heat and moisture fluxes. Twelve coupled land surface large eddy simulation scenarios with four different length scales of surface variability under three different horizontal wind speeds are used in the analysis. The base case uses Landsat ETM imagery over the Cloud Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC) field site for 3 June 2007. Using wavelets, the surface fields are band-pass filtered in order to maintain the spatial mean and variances to length scales of 200 m, 1600 m. and 12.8 km as lower boundary conditions to the model (approximately 0.25, 1.2 and 9.5 times boundary layer height). The simulations exhibit little variation in net radiation. Rather, there is a pronounced change in the partitioning of the surface energy between sensible and latent heat flux. The sensible heat flux is dominant for intermediate surface length scales. For smaller and larger scales of surface heterogeneity, which can be viewed as being more homogeneous. the latent heat flux becomes increasingly important. The simulations showed approximately 50 Wm(-2) difference in the spatially averaged latent heat flux. The results reflect a general decrease of the Bowen ratio as the surface conditions transition from heterogeneous to homogeneous. Air temperature is less sensitive to variations in surface heterogeneity than water vapor, which implies that the role of surface heterogeneity may be to maximize convective heat fluxes through modifying and maintaining local temperature gradients. More homogeneous surface conditions (i.e. smaller length scales), on the other hand, tend to maximize latent heat flux. The intermediate scale (1600 m) this does not hold, and is a more complicated interaction of scales. Scalar vertical profiles respond predictably to the partitioning of surface energy. Fourier spectra of the vertical wind speed, air temperature and specific humidity ((w) over tilde, (T) over tilde and (q) over tilde) and associated cospectra ((w) over tilde(T) over tilde, (w) over tilde(q) over tilde and (T) over tilde(q) over tilde), however, are insensitive to the length scale of surface heterogeneity, but the near surface spectra are sensitive to the mean wind speed. C1 [Brunsell, N. A.; Mechem, D. B.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Anderson, M. C.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brunsell, NA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM brunsell@ku.edu RI Brunsell, Nathaniel/G-2904-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Science Foundation EPSCoR [KAN0061396, KAN006263] FX We would like to thank the National Science Foundation EPSCoR KAN0061396/ KAN006263 for funding this research. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3403 EP 3416 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3403-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200025 ER PT J AU Sivakoff, FS Rosenheim, JA Hagler, JR AF Sivakoff, Frances S. Rosenheim, Jay A. Hagler, James R. TI Threshold choice and the analysis of protein marking data in long-distance dispersal studies SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE decision threshold; ELISA; false positive; long-distance dispersal; Lygus hesperus; protein marking ID IMMUNOMARKING; MOVEMENT; INSECTS; ELISA; CONSERVATION; RECAPTURE; HEMIPTERA; RUBIDIUM; VIRUSES; MODELS AB 1. A valuable technique in the study of insect movement is protein marking, a quantitative method where individuals are categorized as marked or unmarked based on the amount of foreign protein detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 2. Whether individuals are considered marked or not is dependent on a threshold value chosen by the experimenter. The traditional method of choosing the threshold accepts some risk of false positives, wherein unmarked individuals are misclassified as marked. The error rate associated with this method, adopted from the rubidium marking literature, relies on assumptions violated by most ELISA data. 3. We critically examined the effect of violating these assumptions on the false positive rate. In long-distance dispersal studies where the ratio of unmarked to marked insects is high, false positives can seriously bias estimates of insect movement abilities. 4. Simulations demonstrated that the conventional method for choosing a threshold (i) masks the presence of false positives, (ii) results in a 10-fold higher than expected false positive rate, and (iii) relies on assumptions of normality that are rarely satisfied; non-normality produces further increases in false positive rates. 5. We provide some solutions by introducing a new procedure for choosing a threshold that decreases the incidence of false positives and allows data to be corrected for anticipated rates of false positives. This methodology should enhance researcher confidence in the data generated from dispersal studies using protein marking techniques. C1 [Sivakoff, Frances S.; Rosenheim, Jay A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hagler, James R.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Sivakoff, FS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fjsheller@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP91-6838]; USDA [ARZT-358320-G-30-505] FX We thank the Hagler and Rosenheim laboratory and field crews for their technical assistance. We also thank D. Sivakoff for help with the appendix, and C. Hsu, T. Unruh and V. Jones for helpful discussions. We are grateful to M. Holyoak for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This publication was developed under a STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement No. FP91-6838 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. Support was also provided by a grant from the USDA (RAMP grant ARZT-358320-G-30-505). NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00046.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 775GH UT WOS:000291446300009 ER PT J AU Wang, GX Zhang, MZ Gertner, GZ Oyana, T Mcroberts, RE Ge, HL AF Wang, Guangxing Zhang, Maozhen Gertner, George Z. Oyana, Tonny Mcroberts, Ronald E. Ge, Hongli TI Uncertainties of mapping aboveground forest carbon due to plot locations using national forest inventory plot and remotely sensed data SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aboveground forest carbon mapping; forest inventory; plot location error; remote sensing; simulation; uncertainty analysis ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CATEGORICAL MAPS; CANADA FORESTS; ERROR; MODEL; SEQUESTRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SIMULATION; BALANCE; BOREAL AB Forest carbon sinks significantly contribute to mitigation of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. Thus, estimating forest carbon is becoming important to develop policies for mitigating climate change and trading carbon credits. However, a great challenge is how to quantify uncertainties in estimation of forest carbon. This study investigated uncertainties of mapping aboveground forest carbon due to location errors of sample plots for Lin-An County of China. National forest inventory plot data and Landsat TM images were combined using co-simulation algorithm. The findings show that randomly perturbing plot locations within 10 distance intervals statistically did not result in biased population mean predictions of aboveground forest carbon at a significant level of 0.05, but increased root mean square errors of the maps. The perturbations weakened spatial autocorrelation of aboveground forest carbon and its correlation with spectral variables. The perturbed distances of 800 m or less did not obviously change the spatial distribution of predicted values. However, when the perturbed distances were 1600 m or larger, the correlation coefficients of the predicted values from the perturbed locations with those from the true plot locations statistically did not significantly differ from zero at a level of 0.05 and the spatial distributions became random. C1 [Wang, Guangxing; Oyana, Tonny] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Resources, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Zhang, Maozhen; Ge, Hongli] Zhejiang A&F Univ, Dept Forest & Environm Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Gertner, George Z.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mcroberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Wang, GX (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Resources, 1000 Faner Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM gxwang@siu.edu OI Oyana, Tonny/0000-0003-0108-2370 FU Southern Illinois University Carbondale; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972360] FX Funding for this study was in part supported by Dr Wang's startup from Southern Illinois University Carbondale and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No#: 30972360). We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 360 EP 373 AR PII 935207073 DI 10.1080/02827581.2011.564204 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 776JB UT WOS:000291529200007 ER PT S AU Baligar, VC Clark, RB Korcak, RF Wright, RJ AF Baligar, V. C. Clark, R. B. Korcak, R. F. Wright, R. J. BE Sparks, DL TI FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION PRODUCT USE ON AGRICULTURAL LAND SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 111 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; AMELIORATING SUBSOIL ACIDITY; GROWTH; SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; MAIZE; ACQUISITION; STRATEGIES; MAGNESIUM; ALFALFA AB Combustion of coal produces over half of the electricity used in the United States and generates 123.5 m mt year (1) of coal combustion products (CCPs). Only about 45% of CCPs are beneficially utilized and the rest are discarded, mainly in landfills. One class of CCPs, called flue gas desulfurization (FGD) products, generated by removal of SO(2) from the exhaust gas of power plants, has physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for beneficial uses in agriculture. FGDs can be used as a soil amendment to provide a nutrient source for crops; ameliorate acidic soils; remediate sodic soils; improve soil structure to increase infiltration and water storage; reduce soil erosion and movement of sediments, nutrients, and pesticides to surface water; and stabilize and enrich organic composts and manures. FGD gypsum produced by a forced oxidation step following wet scrubbing of SO2, is the most promising of the FGD materials for agricultural uses. FGD gypsum is comparable to commercially available mined gypsum. When applied to soil at agronomic rates, FGD gypsum appears to pose little environmental risk. However, more information is needed on risks associated with the introduction of trace elements such as Hg and As to the environment. Management practices for specific uses of FGDs also need to be developed across a range of soils, cropping systems, and climate regimes. C1 [Baligar, V. C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Clark, R. B.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 99 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-387689-8 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2011 VL 111 BP 51 EP 86 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00005-9 PG 36 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BUX70 UT WOS:000290637000002 ER PT S AU Krishnan, R Ramakrishnan, B Reddy, KR Reddy, VR AF Krishnan, R. Ramakrishnan, B. Reddy, K. Raja Reddy, V. R. BE Sparks, DL TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON RICE GROWTH, YIELD, AND GRAIN QUALITY SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 111 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; HIGH NIGHT TEMPERATURES; HIGH WATER-TEMPERATURE; ELEVATED CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEAT TOLERANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPIKELET STERILITY AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important cereal plant, and as a primary source of food it accounts for 35-75% of the calorie intake of more than 3 billion humans. With the likely growth of world's population toward 10 billion by 2050, the demand for rice will grow faster than for other crops. There are already many challenges to achieving higher productivity of rice. In the future, the new challenges will include climate change and its consequences. The expected climate change includes the rise in the global average surface air temperature. At the end of the twenty-first century, the increases in surface air temperature. At the end of the twenty-first century, the increases in surface air temperature will probably be around 1.4-5.8 degrees C, relative to the temperatures of 1980-1999, and with an increase in variability around this mean. Most of the rice is currently cultivated in regions where temperatures are above the optimal for growth (28/22 degrees C). Any further increase in mean temperature or episodes of high temperatures during sensitive stages may reduce rice yields drastically. In tropical environments, high temperature is already one of the major environmental stresses limiting rice productivity, with relatively higher temperatures causing reductions in grain weight and quality. Developing high-temperature stress-tolerant rice cultivars has become a proposed alternative, but requires a thorough understanding of genetics, biochemical, and physiological processes for identifying and selecting traits, and enhancing tolerance mechanisms in rice cultivars. The effects of high-temperature stress on the continuum of soil-rice plant-atmosphere for different ecologies (with or without submerged conditions) also need detailed investigations. Most agronomic interventions for the management of high-temperature stress aim at early sowing of rice cultivars or selection of early maturing cultivars to avoid high temperatures during grain filling. But these measures may not be adequate as high-temperature stress events are becoming more frequent and severe in the future climate. In this review, the effects of high-temperature stress on rice growth, yield, and quality characters, including various morphological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms along with the possible use of conventional and molecular breeding methods, and crop growth simulation models and techniques are discussed. The mitigation and adaptation strategies for dealing with high-temperature stress in rice are highlighted. We conclude that there are considerable risks for rice production, stemming from high-temperature stress but benefits from the mitigation or adaptation options through progress in rice research may sustain the production systems of rice in the future warmer world. C1 [Krishnan, R.] Cent Rice Res Inst, Lab Plant Physiol, Cuttack 753006, Orissa, India. [Ramakrishnan, B.] Cent Rice Res Inst, Soil Microbiol Lab, Cuttack 753006, Orissa, India. [Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krishnan, R.; Reddy, V. R.] ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Krishnan, R (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Agr Phys, New Delhi 110012, India. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 312 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-387689-8 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2011 VL 111 BP 87 EP 206 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00004-7 PG 120 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BUX70 UT WOS:000290637000003 ER PT J AU Hermanson, JC Wiedenhoeft, AC AF Hermanson, John C. Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. TI A BRIEF REVIEW OF MACHINE VISION IN THE CONTEXT OF AUTOMATED WOOD IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Machine vision; wood identification; illegal logging; endangered species; pattern recognition ID DALBERGIA-NIGRA; CITES; ANATOMY; CLASSIFICATION; FEATURES; DESIGN; TRADE AB The need for accurate and rapid field identification of wood to combat illegal logging around the world is outpacing the ability to train personnel to perform this task. Despite increased interest in non-anatomical (DNA, spectroscopic, chemical) methods for wood identification, anatomical characteristics are the least labile data that can be extracted from solid wood products, independent of wood processing (sawing, drying, microbial attack). Wood identification using anatomical characteristics is thus still a viable approach to the wood identification problem, and automating the process of identification is an attractive and plausible solution. The undisputed increase of computer power and image acquisition capabilities, along with the decrease of associated costs, suggests that it is time to move toward non-human based automated wood identification systems and methods. This article briefly reviews the foundations of image acquisition and processing in machine vision systems and overviews how machine vision can be applied to wood identification. C1 [Hermanson, John C.; Wiedenhoeft, Alex C.] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Hermanson, John C.; Wiedenhoeft, Alex C.] Stump Boles, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hermanson, JC (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 EI 2294-1932 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 233 EP 250 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 771VY UT WOS:000291190000009 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Beringer, J Hansen, LP Fischer, JW Millspaugh, JJ Vercauteren, KC AF Walter, W. David Beringer, Jeff Hansen, Lonnie P. Fischer, Justin W. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Factors affecting space use overlap by white-tailed deer in an urban landscape SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fixed kernel; home range; nocturnal; Odocoileus virginianus; season; space use; volume of intersection; white-tailed deer ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; HOME-RANGE SIZE; MULE DEER; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; HABITAT USE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; DYNAMICS; MICHIGAN AB Variation in the size and overlap of space use by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has broad implications for managing deer-human conflicts and disease spread and transmission in urban landscapes. Understanding which factors affect overlap of home range by various segments (i.e., age, sex) of an urban deer population has implications to direct contact between deer on disease epidemiology. We assessed size of home range and overlap of space use using the volume of intersection index (VI) for deer in an urban landscape by sex, age, season, and time of day. We found mean space use was larger for males than for females, for males,3 years old than for males >= 3 years old, and during nocturnal hours compared with diurnal hours. We also identified larger space use by both sexes during the nongrowing than the growing season. Overlap of space use for female and male deer in our urban landscape differed considerably depending on demographic (i.e., age) and environmental variables (i.e., time, season). For example, highest mean VIs occurred between 6-year-old females (mean = 0.51 +/- 0.10) and 5- and 6-year-old males (mean = 0.49 +/- 0.14); no mean VI was greater than 0.31 between females and males for any age combination. Variation in overlap of space use for urban deer provides new information for managing deer-human conflicts and direct transmission of disease between various segments of a deer population in an urban landscape. C1 [Walter, W. David; Fischer, Justin W.; Vercauteren, Kurt C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Beringer, Jeff; Hansen, Lonnie P.] Wildlife Res Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO USA. [Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM wdwalter@aphis.usda.gov FU City of Town and Country, Missouri; Missouri Department of Conservation [W-13-R-48]; National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Wildlife Services FX Funding for this research was provided by private citizens from the City of Town and Country, Missouri, the Missouri Department of Conservation, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-13-R-48, and the National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Wildlife Services. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 EI 1362-3087 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.1080/13658816.2010.524163 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA 768AR UT WOS:000290903900003 ER PT J AU Kovalev, VA Petkov, A Wold, C Urbanski, S Hao, WM AF Kovalev, V. A. Petkov, A. Wold, C. Urbanski, S. Hao, W. M. TI ESSENTIALS OF MULTIANGLE DATA-PROCESSING METHODOLOGY FOR SMOKE POLLUTED ATMOSPHERES SO ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Scanning lidar; smoke-polluted atmosphere; measurement methodology ID EXTINCTION-COEFFICIENT PROFILE; LIDAR DATA; DISTORTIONS; BACKSCATTER AB Essentials for investigating smoke plume characteristics with scanning lidar are discussed. Particularly, we outline basic principles for determining dynamics, heights, and optical properties of smoke plumes and layers in wildfire-polluted atmospheres. Both simulated and experimental data obtained in vicinities of wildfires with a two-wavelength scanning lidar are considered. C1 [Kovalev, V. A.; Petkov, A.; Wold, C.; Urbanski, S.; Hao, W. M.] US Forest Serv, RMRS, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Kovalev, VA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, RMRS, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM vkovalev@fs.fed.us; apetkov@fs.fed.us; cewold@fs.fed.us; surbanski@fs.fed.us; whao@fs.fed.us NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITURA ACAD ROMANE PI BUCURESTI PA CALEA 13 SEPTEMBRIE NR 13, SECTOR 5, BUCURESTI 050711, ROMANIA SN 1221-146X J9 ROM J PHYS JI Rom. J. Phys. PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 520 EP 529 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 771FK UT WOS:000291142400021 ER PT J AU Carroll, MS Paveglio, T Jakes, PJ Higgins, LL AF Carroll, Matthew S. Paveglio, Travis Jakes, Pamela J. Higgins, Lorie L. TI Nontribal Community Recovery from Wildfire Five Years Later: The Case of the Rodeo-Chediski Fire SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conflict; hazard recovery; longitudinal research; structuration; wildfire ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; NATURAL DISASTERS; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; CONFLICT; ACCEPTABILITY; STRATEGIES; LESSONS; NORMS AB Recent literature suggests that natural disasters such as wildfires often have the short-term effect of obringing people togethero while also under some circumstances generating social conflict at the local level. Conflict has been documented particularly when social relations are disembedded by nonlocal entities and there is a perceived loss of local agency. There is less agreement about longer term impacts. We present results of a re-study of a set of communities affected by the largest wildfire in Arizona history. The re-study uses structuration theory to suggest that while local recovery has been generally very successful, vestiges of both fire-related social cohesion and conflict have survived. While some sources of post-fire conflict and cohesion have remained relatively unchanged, others have evolved. We suggest that more needs to be known about the longer term effects of large wildfire events and the role that advanced preparation for such events plays in local recovery. C1 [Carroll, Matthew S.; Paveglio, Travis] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Higgins, Lorie L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Carroll, MS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, POB 646410, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM carroll@wsu.edu NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 7 BP 672 EP 687 AR PII 935250586 DI 10.1080/08941921003681055 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 768WF UT WOS:000290968700003 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Aarons, SR Butler, DM Dougherty, WJ AF Vadas, P. A. Aarons, S. R. Butler, D. M. Dougherty, W. J. TI A new model for dung decomposition and phosphorus transformations and loss in runoff SO SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dung; phosphorus; runoff; model ID WATER-QUALITY; CATTLE DUNG; POULTRY LITTER; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; DAIRY PASTURES; MANURE; PATS; NUTRIENT AB Non point-source pollution of fresh waters by agricultural phosphorus (P) can accelerate eutrophication of surface waters and limit their use for drinking, recreation, and industry. An important pathway of agricultural P transport is surface runoff, to which unincorporated dung from grazing cattle can be a significant contributor. Computer models commonly used to identify agricultural areas with a high potential for P export do not adequately simulate dung application to the soil surface, dung disappearance, and dung P loss to runoff. We developed a new model to simulate these processes for grazing cattle dung. The model simulates dung organic matter decomposition and assimilation into soil by bioturbation as a function of air temperature and dung moisture. We validated that the model can accurately predict rates of dung disappearance, using data from 12 published studies. The model also simulates four pools of inorganic and organic P, P mineralisation to water-extractable P, leaching of dung water-extractable P into soil by rain, and loss of dissolved inorganic P in runoff. We validated the ability of the model to reliably simulate these P processes, using data from six published dung P transformation studies and six runoff studies. Overall, the model represents a novel approach for assessing the environmental impact of grazing dairy and beef cattle. Research should investigate the impact of dung deposition rate as a function of time and animal diet and type, where deposition occurs relative to runoff movement, weather conditions, and the ability of dung pad crusting to reduce P release to runoff. C1 [Vadas, P. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aarons, S. R.] Dept Primary Ind, Ellinbank Res Inst, Ellinbank, Vic 3821, Australia. [Butler, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dougherty, W. J.] Ind & Investment New S Wales, Dept Primary Ind, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peter.vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 30 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1838-675X J9 SOIL RES JI Soil Res. PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1071/SR10195 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 767YZ UT WOS:000290897900009 ER PT J AU Augusto, L Zeller, B Midwood, AJ Swanston, C Dambrine, E Schneider, A Bosc, A AF Augusto, Laurent Zeller, Bernd Midwood, Andrew J. Swanston, Christopher Dambrine, Etienne Schneider, Andre Bosc, Alexandre TI Two-year dynamics of foliage labelling in 8-year-old Pinus pinaster trees with N-15, Mg-26 and Ca-42-simulation of Ca transport in xylem using an upscaling approach SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Labelling; Nutrient; Xylem; Transport; Pressurized injection ID CALCIUM; NITROGEN; POTASSIUM; DEPOSITION; NUTRIENTS; MAGNESIUM; MOVEMENT; FORESTS; CROWNS; SPRUCE AB Introduction Atmospheric deposition is an important input of major nutrients into forest ecosystems. The long-term goal of this work was to apply stable isotope methodology to assess atmospheric nutrient deposition in forest systems. Materials and methods A labelling experiment of foliage with stable isotopes of primary and secondary macro nutrients (N-15, Mg-26 and Ca-42 injected into the stem sapwood) was carried on standing trees to monitor interactions between canopy and precipitations. N-15 rapidly reached the foliage; however, Mg and Ca were not detected in foliage until more than a year after injection. Results and discussion The delay in mobilization of Mg and Ca prevented us from accurately modelling deposition contributions of these two elements. Nonetheless, an upscaling approach based on published results on Ca transport in shoots xylem was used to simulate our results. These simulations of Ca transport at the tree scale were consistent with our experimental data. Conclusion This consistency suggested that mechanisms of nutrient transport are the same at the different scales. Nitrogen was rapidly transported in the xylem to foliage, probably mainly by mass flow. Conversely, transport of Mg and particularly Ca was considerably delayed, probably due to successive cation exchanges along the xylem vessels. C1 [Augusto, Laurent; Schneider, Andre] INRA, UMR TCEM 1220, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Zeller, Bernd; Dambrine, Etienne] INRA, UR BEF 1138, F-54280 Champenoux, France. [Midwood, Andrew J.] Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. [Swanston, Christopher] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Bosc, Alexandre] INRA, UR EPHYSE 1263, F-33140 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Augusto, L (reprint author), INRA, UMR TCEM 1220, BP81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. EM laugusto@bordeaux.inra.fr RI Midwood, Andrew/F-7545-2011; Bosc, Alexandre/A-3375-2016 OI Bosc, Alexandre/0000-0002-7467-2577 FU INRA-EFPA department FX This project was funded by the INRA-EFPA department. We would like to thank the UE-Hermitage for providing the experimental stand and the experimental facilities. We are also grateful to Christian Barbot, Sylvie Niollet and Xavier Cavard for technical assistance and to Mark Bakker and John Gray for useful discussions. Finally, we sincerely thank one of the anonymous reviewers for his/her very constructive comments. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s13595-011-0018-x PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 762BP UT WOS:000290447600018 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Dean, D Li, YH Vito, LM Scheffler, BE Hadziabdic, D Windham, MT Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Dean, Deborah Li, Yonghao Vito, Lisa M. Scheffler, Brian E. Hadziabdic, Denita Windham, Mark T. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Development and characterization of microsatellites for switchgrass rust fungus (Puccinia emaculata) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Simple sequence repeat; SSRs; Genetic diversity; Gene flow ID SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; ENRICHMENT PROTOCOL; CROWN RUST; 1ST REPORT; TRITICINA; LIBRARIES; CORONATA; LOCI AB Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci from the fungus Puccinia emaculata, responsible for rust disease of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were developed. Loci were characterized using 20 single-pustule derived isolates of P. emaculata collected from switchgrass plants growing in the southeastern US. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.89 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.21 to 0.77. These microsatellite loci provide a sufficient set of markers to perform genetic diversity and epidemiological studies of P. emaculata. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Dean, Deborah; Vito, Lisa M.; Hadziabdic, Denita; Windham, Mark T.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, Yonghao] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Ecol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU US Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213, 6402-21310-003-00]; US Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary [DT0S59-07-G-00050] FX This study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture Grant # 58-6404-7-213, US Department of Agriculture Project # 6402-21310-003-00, and US Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary, Grant No. DT0S59-07-G-00050. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Tennessee, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station or the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9320-4 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YE UT WOS:000290438500044 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Sabo, R Luo, XL AF Zhu, J. Y. Sabo, Ronald Luo, Xiaolin TI Integrated production of nano-fibrillated cellulose and cellulosic biofuel (ethanol) by enzymatic fractionation of wood fibers SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPO-MEDIATED OXIDATION; NATIVE CELLULOSE; MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; PULP; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; CRYSTALLINITY; RECALCITRANCE; NANOSCALE AB This study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating the production of nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC), a potentially highly valuable biomaterial, with sugar/biofuel (ethanol) from wood fibers. Commercial cellulase enzymes were used to fractionate the less recalcitrant amorphous cellulose from a bleached Kraft eucalyptus pulp, resulting in a highly crystalline and recalcitrant cellulose (RC). The RC is difficult to hydrolyze to sugars but very suitable for producing biobased nanomaterials through mechanical homogenization. A range of fractionation yields of RC from 10-70% can be achieved by varying fractionation duration and enzyme dosage. The crystallinity of the RC was found to be as much as 24% higher than that of the original bleached pulp. The cellulase fractionation process facilitated mechanical homogenization by significantly reducing the degree of polymerization (DP) to about 400 and the length of the fibers to about 200 mm. The hydrolyzed sugars were found to be easily converted to ethanol through yeast fermentation with excellent efficiency of 92%. Films made from nano-fibrillated cellulose were found to be optically transparent, with opacity as low as 12%. The NFC films were mechanically strong and stiff, with tensile strengths and moduli approximately 10 and 6 times higher than film made from fibers that had not been nano-fibrillated. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Sabo, Ronald; Luo, Xiaolin] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service; Kimberly-Clark Corporation (Appleton, WI) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Forest Service through the Woody Biomass, Biofuel and Bioproducts (WBBB) program (2009) and Kimberly-Clark Corporation (Appleton, WI). We also acknowledge the following people from the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory: Jim Beecher and Tom Kuster of the Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy laboratory for the TEM and SEM imaging, Nancy Ross Sutherland of the Paper Test Laboratory for testing the NFC films, Diane Dietrich for ethanol analysis, and Rick Reiner and Umesh Agarwal for measuring the substrate crystallinities. NR 39 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1339 EP 1344 DI 10.1039/c1gc15103g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 759GD UT WOS:000290227800043 ER PT J AU Freeman, JW Stern, MJ Mortimer, M Blahna, DJ Cerveny, LK AF Freeman, James W. Stern, Marc J. Mortimer, Michael Blahna, Dale J. Cerveny, Lee K. TI Interdisciplinary collaboration within project-level NEPA teams in the US Forest Service SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE US Forest Service; interdisciplinary; teamwork; collaboration; National Environmental Policy Act ID MANAGEMENT TEAMS; MODEL; LEADERSHIP; GOALS AB Interdisciplinary teamwork has become a foundation of natural resources planning and management in the US. Yet, we know little about the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration of natural resource planning teams. We conducted 10 case studies of Forest Service NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) teams working on projects related to the 2005 Travel Management Rule. Although teams' critical tasks were similar, we found wide variation in interdisciplinary teamwork approaches. We propose three typologies of teamwork processes and discuss relationships between teams' work approaches and process outcomes. Rather than being easily labelled as holistically 'collaborative' or 'non-collaborative', teams may more typically move in and out of different modes of collaboration (or non-collaboration) throughout the different stages of teamwork processes. Results suggest that greater external pressure may lead teams to adopt a more internally collaborative approach and that empowering leadership styles may enhance the success of more collaborative approaches in terms of perceived outcomes. Future research on the relationships between extra-team context, team collaboration, and leadership styles may provide insight into the drivers of outcomes in natural resource planning teams. C1 [Freeman, James W.] Phase One Consulting Grp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Stern, Marc J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mortimer, Michael] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, No Virginia Nat Resources Program, No Virginia Ctr, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Blahna, Dale J.; Cerveny, Lee K.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Freeman, JW (reprint author), Phase One Consulting Grp, 99 Canal Ctr Plaza,Suite 405, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM jfreeman@vt.edu OI Stern, Marc/0000-0002-0294-8941 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0964-0568 J9 J ENVIRON PLANN MAN JI J. Environ. Plan. Manag. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 597 EP 615 AR PII 937292788 DI 10.1080/09640568.2010.525024 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 761LV UT WOS:000290400300003 ER PT J AU Soares, AL Rego, FC McPherson, EG Simpson, JR Peper, PJ Xiao, Q AF Soares, A. L. Rego, F. C. McPherson, E. G. Simpson, J. R. Peper, P. J. Xiao, Q. TI Benefits and costs of street trees in Lisbon, Portugal SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Urban trees; Tree benefits; Real estate value; Urban forest evaluation AB It is well known that urban trees produce various types of benefits and costs. The computer tool i-Tree STRATUM helps quantify tree structure and function, as well as the value of some of these tree services in different municipalities. This study describes one of the first applications of STRATUM outside the U.S. Lisbon's street trees are dominated by Celtis australis L, Tilia spp., and Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don, which together account for 40% of the 41,247 trees. These trees provide services valued at $8.4 million annually, while $1.9 million is spent in their maintenance. For every $1 invested in tree management, residents receive $4.48 in benefits. The value of energy savings ($6.20/tree), CO2 reduction ($0.33/tree) and air pollutant deposition ($5.40/tree) were comparable to several other U.S. cities. The large values associated with stormwater runoff reduction ($47.80/tree) and increased real estate value ($144.70/tree) were substantially greater than values obtained in U.S. cities. Unique aspects of Lisbon's urban morphology and improvement programs are partially responsible for these differences. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Soares, A. L.; Rego, F. C.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, High Inst Agron, Ctr Appl Ecol Prof Baeta Neves, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [McPherson, E. G.; Simpson, J. R.; Peper, P. J.; Xiao, Q.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Urban Forest Res, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. RP Soares, AL (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, High Inst Agron, Ctr Appl Ecol Prof Baeta Neves, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. EM alsoares@isa.utl.pt RI Rego, Francisco/H-9155-2013; OI Rego, Francisco/0000-0003-0060-5192; Soares Lo de Almeida, Ana Luisa/0000-0003-2108-826X FU Luso-American Foundation; Lisbon Municipality FX The authors would like to thank the financial support of Luso-American Foundation during the development of this study and the Lisbon Municipality for their support with special thanks to Eng. Margarida Carvalho, Eng. Helder Dias and Eng. Jose Monteiro. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2010.12.001 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 768JN UT WOS:000290930400001 ER PT J AU Boughton, AJ Buckingham, GR Bennett, CA Zonneveld, R Goolsby, JA Pemberton, RW Center, TD AF Boughton, Anthony J. Buckingham, Gary R. Bennett, Christine A. Zonneveld, Ryan Goolsby, John A. Pemberton, Robert W. Center, Ted D. TI Laboratory host range of Austromusotima camptozonale (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a potential biological control agent of Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Lygodiaceae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Austromusotima camptozonale; Lygodium microphyllum; laboratory host range; weed biological control ID INVASIVE WEED; FLORIDA; SCHIZAEACEAE; AUSTRALIA; INSECTS; GENUS; ESTABLISHMENT; PHYLOGENY; SELECTION; SALVINIA AB Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum, is one of the most serious invasive weeds impacting south Florida and development of biological control is crucial for sustainable management. Larvae of a small moth, Austromusotima camptozonale, were discovered defoliating L. microphyllum in Australia. Preliminary testing suggested this moth was a Lygodium specialist. Laboratory host range testing was conducted on 65 species of test plants, from 31 families, comprising seven Lygodium species, four close relatives, 45 other species of ferns and fern allies, eight agricultural crops and one gymnosperm species plus the primary host L. microphyllum. Significant oviposition occurred only on other species of Lygodium. No eggs were laid on the agricultural crops, or about half the species of non-Lygodium ferns and fern allies tested. Oviposition on the other non-Lygodium ferns was very low, except on Anemia adiantifolia and Blechnum serrulatum, which received modest egg loads, but did not support development to adult. Larval feeding was low to non-existent on all the non-Lygodium species. Larvae developed to adult only on the native, American climbing fern L. palmatum, and to a lesser extent on L. japonicum. Lygodium japonicum is a naturalized invasive weed in the United States. Colonies of A. camptozonale were unable to persist on L. palmatum and died out in two to seven generations. Freezing winter temperatures in states where L. palmatum occurs would be lethal to A. camptozonale. It was concluded that A. camptozonale would pose no threat to native or cultivated plants in North America or the Caribbean and should be considered as a weed biological control agent against L. microphyllum. C1 [Boughton, Anthony J.; Pemberton, Robert W.; Center, Ted D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plants Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Buckingham, Gary R.; Bennett, Christine A.] USDA ARS, Invas Plants Res Lab, Florida Biol Control Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zonneveld, Ryan] USDA ARS, Off Int Programs, Australian Biol Control Lab, CSIRO Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. [Goolsby, John A.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Boughton, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plants Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. EM anthonyboughton@ars.usda.gov RI Zonneveld, Ryan/B-1769-2009 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP); Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville; USDA-ARS [58-6629-7-013]; South Florida Water Management District FX This research was conducted with financial support from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) in cooperation with the Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, through a USDA-ARS Research Support Agreement and Specific Cooperative Agreement, No. 58-6629-7-013. This work was also supported by funding from the South Florida Water Management District. The Florida Division of Plant Industry furnished quarantine space and support. We thank: the late Kathy Burks (FDEP, Tallahassee, FL); Erin Eckhardt, J. Howard Frank, Mayana Roberg, Colin Shea, and Jason Stanley (University of Florida, Gainesville, FL); Susan Wright and Luke Kasarjian (USDA-ARS, IPRL); Genie White and Heather Furlong (USDA-ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL) for assistance on pathogen issues; Alma Solis (USDA-SEL) who confirmed the identity of the moth. We also thank the following for help sourcing test plants: Don Keller, Alan Cressler, and Jimi Sadle (Florida International University, Miami, FL); Julia Kornegay (Fairchild Botanical Garden, Miami, FL); Angela Leiva Sanchez (Jardin National de Cuba, Havana, Cuba); Manuel Caluff (Jardin de lost Helechos de Santiago de Cuba); Miliades Mejia (Jardin Botanico National, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic); and Hugo Cordo (USDA-ARS South American Biological Control Laboratory, Argentina). NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 643 EP 676 DI 10.1080/09583157.2011.568113 PG 34 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 761NC UT WOS:000290403700002 ER PT J AU Hakeem, A Grant, JF Wiggins, GJ Lambdin, PL Rhea, JR AF Hakeem, Abdul Grant, Jerome F. Wiggins, Gregory J. Lambdin, Paris L. Rhea, James R. TI Establishment and coexistence of two predators, Laricobius nigrinus and Sasajiscymnus tsugae, introduced against hemlock woolly adelgid on eastern hemlock SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coexistence; Laricobius nigrinus; Laricobius rubidus; Sasajiscymnus tsugae; Adelges tsugae; Tsuga canadensis ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; DERODONTIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB The coexistence of two introduced predatory species, Laricobius nigrinus Fender and Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji and McClure), and a native predator, L. rubidus LeConte, on eastern hemlock was documented for the first time. Details of their coexistence and implications to management of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, are discussed. C1 [Hakeem, Abdul; Grant, Jerome F.; Wiggins, Gregory J.; Lambdin, Paris L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rhea, James R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Hakeem, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr,205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ahakeem@utk.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area/Northern Research Station and USDA Forest Service, Southern Region FX We express appreciation to Sam Beall and the management of Blackberry Farm for allowing the use of hemlock trees on their property, and Camel Manufacturing for construction of the tree cages used in this study. Many thanks to Pat Parkman from the Lindsay Young Beneficial Insects Rearing Laboratory (University of Tennessee), Mike Montgomery from the USDA Forest Service (Northern Research Station), and Wayne Berisford and Mark Dalusky from the University of Georgia for providing adult predatory beetles used during this study. We also thank Renee Follum, Josh Grant, David Paulsen, Coleman Timberlake, and Alan Wallace (University of Tennessee) for helping with data collection. Funding for this study was provided in part by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area/Northern Research Station and USDA Forest Service, Southern Region. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 687 EP 691 DI 10.1080/09583157.2011.571351 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 761NC UT WOS:000290403700004 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Li, YC Alva, AK AF Fan, X. H. Li, Y. C. Alva, A. K. TI Effects of Temperature and Soil Type on Ammonia Volatilization from Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ammonia volatilization; slow-release N fertilizer; soil type; temperature ID SIMULATED URINE PATCHES; SURFACE APPLICATIONS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE; SIMPLIFIED MODEL; UREA; MINERALIZATION; LOSSES; FIELD; EMISSION AB Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is the major pathway for mineral nitrogen (N) loss from N sources applied to soils. The information on NH3 volatilization from slow-release N fertilizers is limited. Ammonia volatilization, over a 78-d period, from four slow-release N fertilizers with different proportions of urea and urea polymer [Nitamin 30L (liquid) (L30), Nitamin RUAG 521G30 (liquid) (G30), Nitamin 42G (granular) (N42), and Nitroform (granular) (NF)] applied to a sandy loamy soil was evaluated. An increase in temperature from 20 to 30 degrees C increased cumulative NH3 volatilization loss in the sandy soil by 1.4-, 1.7-, and 1.8-fold for N42, L30, and G30, respectively. Increasing the proportion of urea in the slow-release fertilizer increased NH3 volatilization loss. At 30 degrees C, the cumulative NH3 volatilization over 78 d from a sandy soil accounted for 45.6%, 43.9%, 22.4%, and 1% of total N applied as N42, L30, G30, and NF, respectively. The corresponding losses in a loamy soil were 9.2%, 3.1%, and 1.7%. There was a significantly positive correlation between NH3 volatilization rate and concentration of NH4-N released from all fertilizers, except for NF (n = 132; r = 0.359, P = 0.017 for N42; r = 0.410, P = 0.006 for L30; and r = 0.377, P 0.012 for G30). Lower cumulative NH3 volatilization from a loamy soil as compared to that from a sandy soil appeared to be related to rapid nitrification of NH4-N in the former soil than that in the latter soil. These results indicate the composition of slow-release fertilizer, soil temperature, and soil type are main factors to dominate NH3 volatilization from slow- release fertilizers. C1 [Fan, X. H.; Li, Y. C.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Alva, A. K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Soil & Water Sci, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM Yunli@ufl.edu RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2011 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1111 EP 1122 AR PII 937303487 DI 10.1080/00103624.2011.566957 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 761NO UT WOS:000290404900001 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL AF Shelver, Weilin L. TI Generation of antibody and development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for the feed additive roxarsone SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analysis; roxarsone; chicken muscle; immunoassay; ELISA ID ARSONIC ACID ROXARSONE; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POULTRY LITTER; CHICKEN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; RESIDUES; TISSUES AB Roxarsone is used in the poultry and swine industries as a feed additive to treat coccidiosis and other intestinal disorders as well as to improve feed efficiencies and weight gain. 3-Amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (AHPA) was conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in the presence of bis-sulfosuccinimidyl-suberate for the immunogen in rabbits. The antibody has minor cross-reactivity towards 2-aminophenylarsonic acid (7.3%, n = 3), arsanilic acid (5.3%, n = 3), AHPA (4%, n = 3), and phenylarsonic acid (3%, n = 3). The mean IC(50)s for PBST, muscle 1:10, and muscle 1:20 were 11.7 +/- 1.50, 13.1 +/- 2.53 and 12.0 +/- 2.45 ng/mL (n = 6). Using a standard curve prepared in chicken muscle extract and diluted with PBST at 1:20, muscle samples spiked with roxarsone at 2.5, 5, 10 and 25 ng/mL had recoveries of 117%, 98%, 80% and 65% having coefficients of variation of 36, 9.2, 10.2 and 11.5 respectively (n = 6). C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM Weilin.Shelver@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1080/09540105.2010.549212 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 762YO UT WOS:000290518300008 ER PT J AU Bujanovic, B Reiner, RS Ralph, SA Atalla, RH AF Bujanovic, Biljana Reiner, Richard S. Ralph, Sally A. Atalla, Rajai H. TI Polyoxometalate Delignification of Birch Kraft Pulp and Effect on Residual Lignin SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polyoxometalates (POMs); birch kraft pulp; residual lignin ID HEXENEURONIC ACID GROUPS; OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION; KAPPA-NUMBER; HEXENURONIC ACID; CHEMICAL PULPS; WOOD; OXIDATION; XYLAN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROSCOPY AB To advance the understanding of delignification with polyoxometalates (POMs) that have been explored for use in bleaching of chemical pulps, the transformation of lignin during anaerobic treatment of birch kraft pulp with an equilibrated POM mixture composed of Na(5(+2))[SiV(1(-0.1))MoW(10(+0.1))O(40)] was investigated. The conversion factor between the Klason lignin and the kappa number corrected for the hexenuronic acid (HexA) contribution gradually increased, indicating loss of lignin oxidizability. Comparative analysis of residual lignins isolated from pulps of decreasing kappa number showed that lignin undergoes changes that include a sharp reduction in the content of PhOH groups, a gradual demethylation, and a high increase in carbonyl groups. The results indicated that the POM treatment of kraft pulps leads to the loss of aromaticity, most likely caused by the conversion of aromatic rings to quinone moieties. The 2D NMR studies revealed the disappearance of the correlations assigned to stilbene structures formed during kraft pulping, and the weakening of those assigned to the native lignin bonds. The GPC studies showed a gradual lignin depolymerization. C1 [Bujanovic, Biljana] SUNY ESF, Dept Paper & Bioproc Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Reiner, Richard S.; Ralph, Sally A.; Atalla, Rajai H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Bujanovic, B (reprint author), SUNY ESF, Dept Paper & Bioproc Engn, 1 Forestry Dr,Walters Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM bbujanovic@esf.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 121 EP 141 AR PII 937211104 DI 10.1080/02773813.2010.503980 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 761PF UT WOS:000290409200003 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Pena, JEP Keller, M Schreiner, RP Smithyman, RP AF Tarara, Julie M. Pena, Jorge E. Perez Keller, Markus Schreiner, R. Paul Smithyman, Russell P. TI Net carbon exchange in grapevine canopies responds rapidly to timing and extent of regulated deficit irrigation SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cabernet Sauvignon; carbon assimilation; CO2 fixation; drought; photosynthesis; Vitis vinifera; water stress ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; FIELD-GROWN GRAPEVINES; WHOLE-VINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER-STRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SINGLE-LEAF; CROP LOAD; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; SEYVAL GRAPEVINES AB Whole-canopy net CO2 exchange (NCEC) was measured near key stages of fruit development in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) that were managed under three approaches to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI): (1) standard practice (RDIS), or weekly replacement of 60-70% of estimated evapotranspiration for well watered grapevines; (2) early additional deficit (RDIE), or one-half of RDIS applied between fruit set and the onset of ripening (veraison), followed by RDIS; and (3) RDIS followed by late additional deficit (RDIL), or one-half of RDIS applied between veraison and harvest. Summed between fruit set and harvest, nearly 40% less irrigation was applied to RDIE vines and similar to 20% less to RDIL vines than to those continuously under RDIS. After similar to 5 weeks of additional deficit, NCEC in RDIE vines was 43-46% less per day than in RDIS vines. After RDIL vines had been under additional water deficit for similar to 3 weeks, NCEC was similar to 33% less per day than in RDIS vines. Instantaneous rates of NCEC responded rapidly to irrigation delivery and elapsed time between irrigation sets. Concurrent single-leaf measurements (NCEL) reflected the relative differences in NCEC between irrigation treatments, and were linearly associated with NCEC (r(2) = 0.61). Despite halving the water applied under commercial RDI, mid-day stomatal conductance values in RDIE and RDIL of similar to 50-125 mmol m(-2) s(-1) indicated that the additional deficit imposed only moderate water stress. There was no effect of additional deficit on yield or berry maturity. C1 [Tarara, Julie M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Keller, Markus] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Schreiner, R. Paul] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Smithyman, Russell P.] Ste Michelle Wine Estates, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM julie.tarara@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-025-D]; USDA-ARS Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX We thank Jungmin Lee and Gerry Edwards for critical review. Funding for this project was provided by USDA-ARS CRIS #5358-21000-025-D, USDA-ARS Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, USDA-CSREES-Viticulture Consortium, WSU-Chateau Ste. Michelle Distinguished Professorship, WSU-Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, American Vineyard Foundation and Washington Wine Advisory Committee. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 EI 1445-4416 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2011 VL 38 IS 5 BP 386 EP 400 DI 10.1071/FP10221 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 757SQ UT WOS:000290108400006 ER PT J AU Venn, TJ Calkin, DE AF Venn, Tyron J. Calkin, David E. TI Accommodating non-market values in evaluation of wildfire management in the United States: challenges and opportunities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE bushfire; wildfire economics; wildfire policy ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CONTINGENT VALUATION; FOREST-FIRE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BENEFIT TRANSFER; BIKING DEMAND; ECONOMIC COST; RISK; POLICY AB Forests in the United States generate many non-market benefits for society that can be enhanced and diminished by wildfire and wildfire management. The Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy (1995, updated 2001), and subsequent Guidance to the Implementation of that policy provided in 2009, require fire management priorities be set on the basis of values to be protected (including natural and cultural resources), costs of protection, and natural resource management objectives (including beneficial fire effects). Implementation of this policy is challenging because those charged with executing the policy have limited information about the value that society places on non-market goods and services at risk. This paper reviews the challenges of accommodating non-market values affected by wildfire in social cost-benefit analysis and proposes an economic research agendum to support more efficient management of wildfire in the United States. C1 [Venn, Tyron J.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Calkin, David E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Venn, TJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tyron.venn@umontana.edu RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 FU Forest Service Wildland Fire Research Development and Application Program FX We are grateful to the Forest Service Wildland Fire Research Development and Application Program for funding this research. The authors would also like to thank Matthew Thompson, Research Forester, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and Derek O'Donnell, Research Assistant, College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 121 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1071/WF09095 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 759DZ UT WOS:000290222200001 ER PT J AU Toman, E Stidham, M Shindler, B McCaffrey, S AF Toman, Eric Stidham, Melanie Shindler, Bruce McCaffrey, Sarah TI Reducing fuels in the wildland-urban interface: community perceptions of agency fuels treatments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire management; social acceptance ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY; REDUCTION STRATEGIES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; TRUST; ATTITUDES; SUPPORT; FLORIDA; RISK AB Wildland fires and resulting effects have increased in recent years. Efforts are under way nationwide to proactively manage vegetative conditions to reduce the threat of wildland fires. Public support is critical to the successful implementation of fuels reduction programs, particularly at the wildland-urban interface. This study examines public acceptance of fuels treatments and influencing factors in five neighbourhoods in Oregon and Utah located adjacent to public lands. Support for treatment use was high across locations. Findings suggest citizen trust in agency managers to successfully implement treatment activities is particularly influential on treatment acceptance. Thus, building and maintaining trust with local citizens is an essential element in the successful implementation of fuel management programs. C1 [Toman, Eric] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stidham, Melanie; Shindler, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCaffrey, Sarah] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL 60626 USA. RP Toman, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 316C Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM toman.10@osu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX The authors acknowledge the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station for providing funding for this project and the Joint Fire Science Program for providing additional support. The authors also express thanks to Jim Bennett, Stacey Sargent Frederick, Angela Mallon and Patrick Shannon for their help with data collection as well as to all the property owners who participated in this study. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1071/WF10042 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 759DZ UT WOS:000290222200002 ER PT J AU Jakes, PJ Nelson, KC Enzler, SA Burns, S Cheng, AS Sturtevant, V Williams, DR Bujak, A Brummel, RF Grayzeck-Souter, S Staychock, E AF Jakes, Pamela J. Nelson, Kristen C. Enzler, Sherry A. Burns, Sam Cheng, Antony S. Sturtevant, Victoria Williams, Daniel R. Bujak, Alexander Brummel, Rachel F. Grayzeck-Souter, Stephanie Staychock, Emily TI Community wildfire protection planning: is the Healthy Forests Restoration Act's vagueness genius? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE community capacity; policy implementation; wildfire management; wildland-urban interface ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; NEW-MEXICO; POLICY; IMPLEMENTATION; PREPAREDNESS; FRAMEWORK; RESPONSES; CAPACITY AB The Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (HFRA) encourages communities to develop community wildfire protection plans (CWPPs) to reduce their wildland fire risk and promote healthier forested ecosystems. Communities who have developed CWPPs have done so using many different processes, resulting in plans with varied form and content. We analysed data from 13 case-study communities to illustrate how the characteristics of HFRA have encouraged communities to develop CWPPs that reflect their local social and ecological contexts. A framework for analysing policy implementation suggests that some elements of HFRA could have made CWPP development and implementation problematic, but these potential shortcomings in the statute have provided communities the freedom to develop CWPPs that are relevant to their conditions and allowed for the development of capacities that communities are using to move forward in several areas. C1 [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nelson, Kristen C.; Enzler, Sherry A.; Brummel, Rachel F.; Grayzeck-Souter, Stephanie] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Burns, Sam] Ft Lewis Coll, Off Community Serv, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Cheng, Antony S.; Bujak, Alexander; Staychock, Emily] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sturtevant, Victoria] So Oregon Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Williams, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jakes, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pjakes@fs.fed.us RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 FU Joint Fire Science Program [ID 04-S-01]; Northern Research Station FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program, project ID 04-S-01, 'Community Wildfire Protection Plans: Enhancing Collaboration and Building Social Capacity', the National Fire Plan through the Northern Research Station, and the authors' home institutions. Special thanks to individuals interviewed for this study and the Research Advisory Team, which provided 'ground-truthing' of research findings. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 350 EP 363 DI 10.1071/WF10038 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 759DZ UT WOS:000290222200003 ER PT J AU Bosley, KM Dumbauld, BR AF Bosley, Katelyn M. Dumbauld, Brett R. TI Use of extractable lipofuscin to estimate age structure of ghost shrimp populations in west coast estuaries of the USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Callianassidae; Neotrypaea californiensis; Lipofuscin; Willapa Bay; Age pigment; Age structure; Growth ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; JUVENILE REDCLAW CRAYFISH; PIGMENT LIPOFUSCIN; HOMARUS-GAMMARUS; CRUSTACEAN BRAIN; CALLIANASSA-CALIFORNIENSIS; MORPHOLOGICAL LIPOFUSCIN; AUTOFLUORESCENT PIGMENT; THALASSINIDEAN SHRIMPS; UPOGEBIA-PUGETTENSIS AB Determining age in crustaceans is inherently imprecise because they molt periodically and do not retain hard structures throughout their lifespan. Morphological measurements are often used to estimate age, but variability in individual growth rate and molt frequency can result in a wide distribution of sizes in a single age class, making size a poor predictor of true age. Concentration of the autofluorescent age pigment, lipofuscin, has been shown to be directly related to actual age in many crustaceans. The present study assessed the potential of using extractable lipofuscin as a method for determining age in the ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis. Following validation of the technique, lipofuscin-based aging was used to determine age structures for 3 populations of N. californiensis, and these were compared to age structures determined using traditional length-based methods. Analysis of lipofuscin revealed up to 13 age classes where the size-based analysis showed only 7. Comparison of mean size-at-age among populations in Oregon and Washington estuaries demonstrated that growth rate varied spatially, probably responding to site-specific environmental factors like food availability and population density. N. californiensis negatively impact oyster aquaculture in Pacific Northwest estuaries. Analysis of extractable lipofuscin proved to be a more accurate method of age determination than body-length measurements and should facilitate more in-depth investigations of basic biological and ecological processes, which will benefit current efforts to develop an integrated pest management plan for N. californiensis. C1 [Bosley, Katelyn M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] ARS, USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bosley, KM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cassidyk@onid.orst.edu FU USDA-ARS [5358-63000-002-00D]; Mamie Markham Research Scholarship FX This work was funded by USDA-ARS (CRIS Project Number 5358-63000-002-00D) and the Mamie Markham Research Scholarship. We thank A. D'Andrea, V. Gertseva, C. J. Langdon and G. Waldbusser for providing comments and assisting in manuscript preparation. S.-J. Ju and L. McCoy provided technical assistance in laboratory and field work. Thanks to C. Fritz and R. Hildebrand for help with data collection and sample preparation. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 428 BP 161 EP 176 DI 10.3354/meps09055 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 759ME UT WOS:000290248800012 ER PT J AU Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, P AF Lim, Chhorn Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Klesius, Phillip TI Lipid and Fatty Acid Requirements of Tilapias SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE HYBRID TILAPIA; X OREOCHROMIS-AUREUS; NILE TILAPIA; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; BODY-COMPOSITION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; FLAXSEED OIL; NILOTICUS; GROWTH; FISH AB Tilapias have been shown to have a dietary requirement for linoleic (n-6) series fatty acids (FAs; 18:2[n-6] or 20:4[n-6]). The optimum dietary levels of n-6 previously reported were 0.5% for redbelly tilapia Tilapia zillii and 1.0% for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Tilapias may also have a requirement for the linolenic (n-3) FA series (18:3[n-3], 20:5[n-3], or 22:6[n-3]), but the optimum dietary requirement levels for n-3 in various tilapia species have not been determined. The presence of high levels of either n-6 or n-3 may spare the requirement of the other, although n-6 appears to have a better growth-promoting effect than n-3. Tilapias possess the ability to desaturate and chain elongate 18:2(n-6) to 20:4(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) to 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). Plant oils that are rich in n-6, n-3, or both FA series (e.g., soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, palm oil products, and linseed oil) have been reported to be good lipid sources for tilapia. Beef tallow and pork lard are poorly utilized by tilapia. However, these lipids can be used in combination with other lipid sources provided that the essential FA requirements are met. Information on the nutritional value of fish oil for tilapias is inconsistent. Some studies have shown that the nutritional value of fish oil is similar to that of plant oils, while others have reported poor performance of diets that contain fish oil. Fish oil provided good spawning performance for tilapia broodstock reared in brackish water, whereas soybean oil yielded good reproductive performance in freshwater. The sparing effect of dietary lipids on protein utilization has also been demonstrated. However, tilapias do not tolerate as high a dietary lipid level as do salmonids. A dietary lipid level of 5-12% has been suggested as optimum in diets for tilapias. C1 [Lim, Chhorn; Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha; Klesius, Phillip] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM chhorn.lim@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 2 BP 188 EP 193 AR PII 937257342 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.579032 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 761OS UT WOS:000290407900002 ER PT J AU Studnicka, JS Bundy, LG Andraski, TW Good, LW Powell, JM AF Studnicka, Julie S. Bundy, Larry G. Andraski, Todd W. Good, Laura W. Powell, J. Mark TI Measuring Water-Extractable Phosphorus in Manures to Predict Phosphorus Concentrations in Runoff SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Manure; phosphorus in runoff; simulated rainfall; water-extractable phosphorus ID SURFACE-APPLIED MANURES; CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; LOSSES; INDICATOR; SOIL AB Water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) in manures can influence the risk of phosphorus (P) losses in runoff when manures are land applied. We evaluated several manure handling and extraction variables to develop an extraction procedure for WEP that will minimize pre-analysis manure-sample-handling effects on WEP measurements. We also related manure WEP determinations to runoff dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations found in previously conducted field simulated rainfall experiments using the same manures to evaluate WEP as a predictor of P runoff losses. Dairy and poultry manure WEP concentrations increased with manure-to-water extraction ratio and shaking time. Relative to fresh manures, drying and grinding dairy manures before analysis usually decreased WEP concentrations, while WEP in poultry manures was often increased. Pre-analysis handling effects on WEP were minimized at the 1: 1000 extraction ratio with a 1-h shaking time. Relationships between manure WEP and runoff DRP concentrations were strongly influenced by season of year and WEP extraction procedure. The best prediction of DRP concentration in spring runoff experiments was with manure WEP concentration at the 1: 1000 extraction ratio. With fall runoff studies, DRP concentrations were best predicted with WEP application rate rather than concentration. These seasonal differences can be explained by the greater percentage of rainfall that ran off in the fall compared to the spring. For all studies, runoff DRP concentrations were strongly related (r(2) = 0.82) to the ratio of runoff to rainfall volumes, confirming that models need to take runoff hydrology into account as well as manure WEP in P-loss risk assessments. C1 [Bundy, Larry G.; Andraski, Todd W.; Good, Laura W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Studnicka, Julie S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL USA. [Powell, J. Mark] ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Bundy, LG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lgbundy@wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative Agricultural Systems [01-35108-10698]; University of Wisconsin; College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative Agricultural Systems Research Program (Grant No. 01-35108-10698), the University of Wisconsin Nonpoint Pollution and Demonstration Project, and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2011 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1071 EP 1084 DI 10.1080/00103624.2011.562588 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 756UG UT WOS:000290039600006 ER PT J AU Davis, KI Niedziela, CE Reddy, MR Whipker, BE Frantz, JM AF Davis, Karen I. Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. Reddy, Muchha R. Whipker, Brian E. Frantz, Jonathan M. TI NUTRIENT DISORDER SYMPTOMOLOGY AND FOLIAR CONCENTRATIONS OF CLERODENDRUM THOMSONIAE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bleeding glory-bower; tropical bleeding-heart vine; glory tree; bag flower; deficiency; fertilizer; macronutrient; micronutrient; symptoms AB Clerodendrum thomsoniae plants were grown in silica sand culture to induce and photograph nutritional disorder symptoms. Plants were grown with a complete modified Hoagland's all nitrate solution. The nutrient deficiency treatments were induced with a complete nutrient formula minus one of the nutrients. Boron toxicity was also induced by increasing the element ten times higher than the complete nutrient formula. Reagent grade chemicals and deionized water of 18-mega ohms purity were used to formulate treatment solutions. The plants were automatically irrigated and the solution drained from the bottom of the pot and captured for reuse. The nutrient solutions were completely replaced weekly. Plants were monitored daily to document and photograph sequential series of symptoms as they developed. Typical symptomology of nutrient disorders and critical tissue concentrations are presented. Plants were harvested for nutrient analysis when initial symptoms were expressed. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were described and foliar nutrient concentrations provided. C1 [Davis, Karen I.; Reddy, Muchha R.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Design, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Niedziela, Carl E., Jr.] Elon Univ, Dept Biol, Elon, NC USA. [Whipker, Brian E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan M.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit ATRU, Toledo, OH USA. RP Reddy, MR (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Design, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM muchha@ncat.edu OI Niedziela, Carl/0000-0001-5555-4236 FU North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NCATSU); North Carolina State University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the Opt-Ed Program at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NCA&TSU) and Agricultural Research Programs at NCA&TSU (Evans-Allen Funds) and North Carolina State University (Hatch Funds). Additional thanks to Ingram McCall for cultural assistance, Douglas Sturtz and Alycia Pittenger for plant analysis assistance, and Dr. William Swallow for assistance with the experimental design and statistical analysis. This paper is a portion of a thesis submitted by K. I. Davis. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by NCA&TSU, NCSU, or USDA; and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1079 EP 1086 AR PII 936942726 DI 10.1080/01904167.2011.555805 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 756YW UT WOS:000290051700012 ER PT J AU Ogunsanya, T Durborow, RM Webster, CD Tidwell, JH Thompson, K Coyle, S Jarboe, HH Huang, LY Straus, DL Wang, CZ AF Ogunsanya, Tiffany Durborow, Robert M. Webster, Carl D. Tidwell, James H. Thompson, Kenneth Coyle, Shawn Jarboe, Herman H. Huang, Lingyu Straus, David L. Wang, Changzheng TI Toxicity of Rotenone to Giant River Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ANTIMYCIN AB Aquaculturists have often suffered predation losses in the production of freshwater giant river prawn Macro-brachium rosenbergii due to the presence of wild fish species in culture ponds. The piscicide rotenone is widely used to remove undesirable fish species from ponds. Although evidence in the technical literature suggests that crustaceans generally have a higher tolerance to rotenone than fish, there are currently no data on the acute or chronic toxicity of rotenone to juvenile freshwater prawns. In this study, two static acute-toxicity bioassays (96 h) were conducted using Prentox Prenfish (5% active ingredient) rotenone to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) for juvenile freshwater prawns (average weight = 0.55 g, SD = 0.25; length = 41.43 mm, SD = 6.45). In bioassay 1, prawns were exposed to rotenone concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/L. In bioassay 2, prawns were exposed to rotenone concentrations of 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, 10.0, and 16.7 mg/L. All rotenone concentrations used in the study were based on the total product of the commercial rotenone formulation. The LC50 calculated in bioassay 1 was 6.2 mg/L, and the LC50 calculated in bioassay 2 was 7.5 mg/L. Freshwater prawns were able to tolerate 3.0 to 3.6 mg/L of rotenone with no mortality or apparent adverse effects during the study. Prawns held at the end of each bioassay for 5 d showed no signs of delayed effects from rotenone exposure. Data from this study indicate that juvenile prawns should be able to tolerate the concentrations of rotenone required to eradicate certain problematic wild fish species. C1 [Ogunsanya, Tiffany; Durborow, Robert M.; Webster, Carl D.; Tidwell, James H.; Thompson, Kenneth] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Coyle, Shawn; Jarboe, Herman H.; Huang, Lingyu] US Army Corps Engn, Great Lakes & Ohio River Div, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. [Straus, David L.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Ogunsanya, T (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, 103 Athlet Rd, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM tiffany.ogunsanya@gmail.com FU Kentucky State University's Aquaculture Research Center FX This work was financially supported by Kentucky State University's Aquaculture Research Center. We would like to thank Michael Goss at the Division of Environmental Services in Frankfort, Kentucky, for analyzing the dilution water used in the study. Additional thanks to Linda Metts for her assistance with the experiment. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.568861 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 756UN UT WOS:000290040300001 ER PT J AU Gilligan, TM Epstein, ME Passoa, SC Powell, JA Sage, OC Brown, JW AF Gilligan, Todd M. Epstein, Marc E. Passoa, Steven C. Powell, Jerry A. Sage, Obediah C. Brown, John W. TI DISCOVERY OF LOBESIA BOTRANA ([DENIS & SCHIFFERMULLER]) IN CALIFORNIA: AN INVASIVE SPECIES NEW TO NORTH AMERICA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Botrytis; grape; European grapevine moth; EGVM; introduction; Olethreutini; Palearctic; Paralobesia; viteana; Vitis ID GRAPE BERRY MOTH; IDENTIFICATION; OVIPOSITION; INSECTS; LARVAE; PLANT; HOST AB The European grape vine moth, Lobesia botrana ([Denis and Schiffermuller]), is one of the most destructive pests of grape in the Palearctic Region. Larvae feed on fruit, causing direct damage and promoting secondary infection by Botrytis cinerea Persoon (botrytis bunch rot or gray mold). On September 30, 2009, tortricid larvae damaging grapes in the Napa Valley of California were identified as L. botrana, representing the first records of this species in North America. The presence of L. botrana could have a significant impact on California agriculture-wine, table, and raisin grapes are grown on more than 800,000 acres throughout the state. We provide descriptions and illustrations to aid in the identification of this newly arrived pest, along with a brief history of its discovery. C1 [Gilligan, Todd M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Epstein, Marc E.; Sage, Obediah C.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Passoa, Steven C.] US Forest Serv, USDA APHIS PPQ, No Res Stn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Passoa, Steven C.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Powell, Jerry A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Essig Museum Entomol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gilligan, TM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, 1177 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tgilliga@gmail.com; mepstein@cdfa.ca.gov; steven.c.passoa@aphis.usda.gov; powellj@berkeley.edu; osage@cdfa.ca.gov; john.brown@ars.usda.gov FU California Department of Agriculture; Colorado State University; USDA-CPHST FX Portions of this project were funded through a cooperative agreement with California Department of Agriculture, Colorado State University, and USDA-CPHST under the supervision of Terrence Walters. We thank Roberto Gonzalez, Universidad de Chile, for specimens, information on L. botrana in Chile, and the use of Fig. 12. Luis Miguel Torres-Vila, Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal, Spain, and Frans Groenen, Luyksgestel, Netherlands, graciously provided specimens of L. botrana from Europe for sequencing. Hannah Nadel and Nada Carruthers, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, provided specimens of L. botrana from their laboratory cultures for morphological analysis. Norman Barr, USDA-CPHST Mission Laboratory, provided sequence data. Richard Worth, Oregon Department of Agriculture, and Eric LaGasa, Washington State Department of Agriculture, provided details on West Coast Paralobesia. Joel Aronoff and Susan Ellis, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, provided imaging equipment used to photograph larval characters. Specimens of P. viteana were loaned by the Charles A. Triplehorn Insect Collection at The Ohio State University. Jon Lewis, USDA-SEL, tracked down and copied needed references. The following, and two anonymous reviewers, provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Thomas Henry, USDA-SEL; Boris Kondratieff, Colorado State University; Robert Kula, USDA-SEL; Paul Opler, Colorado State University; and Kevin Hoffman, California Department of Food and Agriculture. The comments and recommendations of the reviewers significantly improved the manuscript, and the authors are grateful for this assistance. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.14 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 755JF UT WOS:000289925100003 ER PT J AU Scheffer, SJ Lonsdale, O AF Scheffer, Sonja J. Lonsdale, Owen TI PHYTOMYZA OMLANDI SPEC. NOV.-THE FIRST SPECIES OF AGROMYZIDAE (DIPTERA: SCHIZOPHORA) REARED FROM THE FAMILY GELSEMIACEAE (ASTERIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE leafminer; new species; North Carolina; Gelsemium ID MINING FLIES DIPTERA AB A new species of leafmining fly in the genus Phytomyza Fallen (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is reared from Gelsemium Juss, representing the first known instance of an agromyzid feeding on a host plant in Gelsemiaceae (Asteridae). The host plant, likely G. sempervirens (L.) (the "evening trumpetflower"), but possibly also G. rankinii Small, is a perennial vining species native to the southeastern United States. All examined specimens of this leafminer were reared from leaves collected in North Carolina from January to April in 1996 and 1997. The morphology and life history of the new species, Phytomyza omlandi Scheffer and Lonsdale, are discussed; photographs and illustrations are provided for external structures, the male genitalia and the leafmine. Morphological and molecular data support a close phylogenetic relationship between this species and the holly leafmining P. ilicis Curtis complex, although exact relationships are still uncertain and studies are ongoing. C1 [Scheffer, Sonja J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lonsdale, Owen] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Sonja.Scheffer@ars.usda.gov; Owen.Lonsdale@agr.gc.ca FU National Science Foundation / Sloan Foundation [BIR-9510795]; Schlinger Postdoctoral Fellowship; USDA [08008] FX Fieldwork for this project was carried out while SJS was supported by National Science Foundation / Sloan Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Molecular Evolution (grant no. BIR-9510795). Funding to OL was provided by a Schlinger Postdoctoral Fellowship grant; funding was also provided in part by USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant 08008 awarded to Steve Gaimari and OL. We thank Carolina Beach State Park and the North Carolina Botanical Garden for permission to collect leafminers on Gelsemium host plants. Matt Lewis collected all the DNA sequence data, and Isaac Winkler kindly reanalyzed the large Phytomyza dataset (Winkler et al. 2009) with the new sequences included. We thank Matt Buffington, Steve Gaimari, Gary Miller, and anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.42 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 755JF UT WOS:000289925100005 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Altenhofer, E AF Smith, David R. Altenhofer, Ewald TI A NEW ELM LEAFMINING SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) FROM RUSSIA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heterarthrinae; Fenusini; introduced species ID TRIBE FENUSINI AB Fenusa absens, n. sp., is described from Novosibirsk, Russia. It was reared from leaf mines in Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L. Placement of this species in Fenusa Leach is discussed, and comparison is made to other species of elm leaf-mining sawflies. Because Ulmus pumila is not native to the Novosibirsk region, it is possible that Fenusa absens is an introduced species in the area. C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; ewald.altenhofer@aon.at NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.50 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 755JF UT WOS:000289925100006 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Altenhofer, E AF Smith, David R. Altenhofer, Ewald TI THE SECOND RECORD OF A SAWFLY LEAFMINER ON ROSA, A NEW SPECIES OF FENUSA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Russia; Fenusini AB Fenusa ewaldi Smith, n. sp., is described from Novosibirsk, Russia. The larvae are leafminers of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) and represent only the second sawfly leafminer of this plant genus. C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; ewald.altenhofer@aon.at NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.57 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 755JF UT WOS:000289925100007 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Miller, GL AF Miller, Douglass R. Miller, Gary L. TI Louise May Russell 1905-2009 OBITUARY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Miller, Douglass R.; Miller, Gary L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Room 137,Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM douglass.miller@ars.usda.gov; gary.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 755JF UT WOS:000289925100011 ER PT J AU Saenz-Romero, C Ruiz-Talonia, LF Beaulieu, J Sanchez-Vargas, NM Rehfeldt, GE AF Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc Ruiz-Talonia, Lorena F. Beaulieu, Jean Sanchez-Vargas, Nahum M. Rehfeldt, Gerald E. TI GENETIC VARIATION AMONG Pinus patula POPULATIONS ALONG AN ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT. TWO ENVIRONMENT NURSERY TESTS SO REVISTA FITOTECNIA MEXICANA LA English DT Article DE Pinus patula; genotype x environment interaction; commercial plantations; provenances; attitudinal genetic variation ID CONSERVATION; STABILITY; SELECTION; GROWTH; MEXICO AB Aiming to determine if there is genetic differentiation among Pious patula Schiede et Chamizo populations along an attitudinal gradient and for quantifying the genotype x environment interaction, 13 Pious patula populations were sampled from forests of the Native Indian Community of Ixtlan de Juarez, Oaxaca, state of Mexico, along an attitudinal gradient (2400 m to 3000 m), cones being collected on groups of trees on every 50 m of attitudinal step). Seedlings were grown in tree pots in two different environments: a shadehouse located at Ixtlan de Juarez, and in a greenhouse and then in a shadehouse situated at Quebec, Canada. Total seedling height was measured at 6-months of age in both locations. Results indicated that populations differed significantly (P = 0.025), but there was no significant genotype x environment interaction (P = 0.426; B type genetic correlation = 0.93). Population from 2650 m (middle altitude) exhibited the best height. Although not definitive, our study suggests the presence of a weak attitudinal pattern of variation in seedling height, where populations originating of mid-altitudes exhibit the highest growth potential while populations from the upper and lower attitudinal extremes exhibit the lowest growth potential. C1 [Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc; Ruiz-Talonia, Lorena F.; Sanchez-Vargas, Nahum M.] UMSNH, IIAF, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [Beaulieu, Jean] Ressources Nat Canada, Ctr Canadien Fibre Bois, Serv Canadien Forets, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Saenz-Romero, C (reprint author), UMSNH, IIAF, Km 9-5 Carretera Morelia Zinapecuaro, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. EM csaenzromero@gmail.com FU Forestry Research Fund; Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT); Mexican National Forestry Commission [2005-C02-14783]; Natural Resources Canada (NRCan); CONACYT [75831] FX Financial support was provided to CSR by the joint Forestry Research Fund between the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) and the Mexican National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR, grant 2005-C02-14783). Funding for a sabbatical year was provided by the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and CONACYT (fellowship 75831). For their help in seed collection we thank to Antonio Plancarte, Julio Ruiz, Samuel Ramirez, Mauro and Eduardo Aquino, and Mayolo Ruiz from the Native Indian Community of Ixtlan de Juarez, Oaxaca; to Rodrigo Niniz for helping in seed extraction and to Victor Hugo Cambron for helping on graph design, both from UMSNH. Experiment at Quebec was possible thanks to Daniel Plourde, Eric Dussault, Audrey Lachance, Gabriel Pilote from NRCan. Three anonymous reviewers significantly contributed to improve the manuscript. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC MEXICANA FITOGENETICA PI CHAPINGO PA APARTADO POSTAL NO 21, CHAPINGO, ESTADO MEXICO 56 230, MEXICO SN 0187-7380 J9 REV FITOTEC MEX JI Rev. Fitotec. Mex. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 757GW UT WOS:000290074500003 ER PT J AU Webb, KM Hill, AL Laufman, J Hanson, LE Panella, L AF Webb, K. M. Hill, A. L. Laufman, J. Hanson, L. E. Panella, L. TI Long-term preservation of a collection of Rhizoctonia solani using cryogenic storage SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culture collections; culture maintenance; cryopreservation; liquid nitrogen; Thanatephorus cucumeris ID VIRULENCE; FUNGI; PATHOGENICITY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; VIABILITY; TOBACCO; CONIDIA AB Rhizoctonia solani is an important plant pathogen for a number of crops and maintaining an extensive collection of reference isolates is important in understanding relationships of this pathogen with multiple hosts. Current long-term storage methods typically call for frequent transfer increasing the risk of changes in morphological, physiological or virulence characteristics. Cryopreservation using storage in liquid nitrogen (LN) was evaluated to examine the potential for storage of a R. solani culture collection containing 106 isolates (primarily from sugar beet). Cultures were stored on autoclaved barley grains in the vapour phase of LN. After 60 days, 5 years and 10 years in storage, all isolates were tested for viability by calculating the percentage of barley grains from which R. solani mycelia grew. Five years after initial storage, all isolates except one had no change in viability. After 10 years in storage, 67 of 106 isolates had no significant decrease in viability, 39 of 106 isolates had a significant decrease in viability but only 9 isolates had less than 10% growth, with 4 having no growth. A subset of isolates stored for 10 years were tested for pathogenicity on a susceptible (FC901) and resistant (FC703) sugar beet germplasm. All isolates tested maintained approximately the same level of virulence that they had prior to storage on both germplasms. This indicates that cryogenic methods are suitable for the preservation or storage of R. solani culture collections, although efficacy may vary with individual isolates. C1 [Webb, K. M.; Hill, A. L.; Panella, L.] USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80504 USA. [Laufman, J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources & Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hanson, L. E.] USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Webb, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80504 USA. EM kimberly.webb@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2011.00464.x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 751SG UT WOS:000289637300008 ER PT J AU Wei, W Cai, H Jiang, Y Lee, IM Davis, RE Ding, Y Yuan, EP Chen, HR Zhao, Y AF Wei, Wei Cai, Hong Jiang, Yi Lee, Ing-Ming Davis, Robert E. Ding, Yang Yuan, Enping Chen, Hairu Zhao, Yan TI A new phytoplasma associated with little leaf disease in azalea: multilocus sequence characterization reveals a distinct lineage within the aster yellows phytoplasma group SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Azalea little leaf disease; gene lineage; multilocus sequence analysis; phytoplasma; Rhododendron spp ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; VARIABLE MOSAICS; GENE-SEQUENCES; PROTEIN GENE; FINER DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; STOLBUR PHYTOPLASMA; RFLP ANALYSIS AB An azalea little leaf (AzLL) disease characterised by abnormally small leaves, yellowing and witches'-broom growth symptoms was observed in suburban Kunming, southwest China. Transmission electron microscopic observations of single-membrane-bound, ovoid to spherical bodies in phloem sieve elements of diseased plants and detection of phytoplasma-characteristic 16S rRNA gene sequence in DNA samples from diseased plants provided evidence linking the disease to infection by a phytoplasma. Results from restriction fragment length polymorphism, phylogenetic and comparative structural analyses of multiple genetic loci containing 16S rRNA, rpsS, rplV, rpsC and secY genes indicated that the AzLL phytoplasma represented a distinct, new 16Sr subgroup lineage, designated as 16SrI-T, in the aster yellows phytoplasma group. The genotyping also revealed that the AzLL phytoplasma represented new rp and secY gene lineages [rp(I)-P and secY(I)-O, respectively]. Phylogenetic analyses of secY and rp gene sequences allowed clearer distinctions between AzLL and closely related strains than did analysis of 16S rDNA. C1 [Wei, Wei; Jiang, Yi; Lee, Ing-Ming; Davis, Robert E.; Ding, Yang; Zhao, Yan] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wei, Wei] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cai, Hong; Yuan, Enping; Chen, Hairu] Yunnan Agr Univ, Key Lab Plant Pathol, Kunming, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Room 213,Bldg 004,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [1275-22000-246-00]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31060239] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Project number 1275-22000-246-00) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 31060239). NR 52 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP 318 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2011.00468.x PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 751SG UT WOS:000289637300010 ER PT J AU Aronstein, KA Saldivar, E Webster, TC AF Aronstein, Katherine A. Saldivar, Eduardo Webster, Thomas C. TI Evaluation of Nosema ceranae spore-specific polyclonal antibodies SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antibody; Apis mellifera; Nosema ceranae; protein; spore ID APIS-MELLIFERA; MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE; HONEY-BEE; INFECTION; PROTEINS; PATHOGEN AB A new genomic antibody (Ab) has been developed against a spore-wall protein SWP-32 of the honey bee intracellular pathogen, Nosema ceranae. In dot blots and Western blots this Ab specifically recognized N. ceranae spore antigens and did not cross-react with N. apis spore lysates, unless blots were overdeveloped. The detection sensitivity depends on both the concentration of the anti-SWP-32 Ab and the concentration of Nosema spores in the lysates. To avoid non-specific staining, we suggest using this new Ab at 1: 5000 dilution for detection of 1x10(3) and higher spore numbers per assay. Considering that a single infected bee can produce over 50 x 10(6) spores, this level of sensitivity will allow detection of a very low level of Nosema infection in bee colonies. C1 [Aronstein, Katherine A.; Saldivar, Eduardo] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Webster, Thomas C.] Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Aronstein, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Kate.Aronstein@ars.usda.gov FU USDA NIFA AFRI Managed Pollinator [2009-85118-05718]; USDA/CSREES [KYX-10-07-41P] FX We are indebted to Dr Jay Evans and Dr Scott Cornman (USDA, ARS) for providing support in Bioinformatics. This study was funded by the USDA NIFA AFRI Managed Pollinator Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) 2009-85118-05718 to KAA and TCW, and USDA/CSREES grant number KYX-10-07-41P to TCW. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.50.2.06 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 752TX UT WOS:000289718700006 ER PT J AU Begna, SH Fielding, DJ Tsegaye, T Van Veldhuizen, R Angadi, S Smith, DL AF Begna, S. H. Fielding, D. J. Tsegaye, T. Van Veldhuizen, R. Angadi, S. Smith, D. L. TI Intercropping of oat and field pea in Alaska: An alternative approach to quality forage production and weed control SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alternative weed management; cropping system; forage crops; intercropping; subarctic ID N-2 FIXATION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; CROPPING SYSTEMS; PERSIAN CLOVER; YIELD; BARLEY; LEGUMES; MANAGEMENT; INOCULANT AB Intercropping of legumes with non-legumes is an ancient crop production method used to improve quality and dry matter (DM) yields of forage and grain, and to control weeds. However, there is little information regarding intercropping at high latitudes. The objectives of this field study were to evaluate performance of (1) sole cropped oat (Avena sativa L.) (cultivars Toral and Calibre) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) (cultivars Carneval and Orb) and their intercrop combinations, and (2) inter- and sole-crop responses to weeds. The different cropping systems were studied with different weed treatments (weed-free all season long, weed-free until flowering, and left weedy all season long). In general intercrops of oat and pea produced DM (forage) and grain yields similar to sole oat crops and higher than sole pea crops although the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, forage quality [ crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)] was improved by intercropping. Most of the variables measured were unaffected by weed treatments, however weed DM was generally lower in sole oat and oat-pea intercropping than sole pea cropping systems. More than 80% of the weed DM was from common lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.). The CP of this weed was higher than oat and pea, and ADF and NDF were equivalent to the sole cropped oat. Thus, including weeds as part of the forage is possible. However, if crops are grown for grain, weeds are likely to produce large numbers of seeds that would enter the seed bank. Thus, pea-oat intercrops show potential as an alternative and sustainable approach for optimum yield and high quality forage and weed control under Alaskan subarctic conditions. C1 [Smith, D. L.] McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Begna, S. H.; Angadi, S.] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr Clovis, Clovis, NM USA. [Fielding, D. J.] Univ Alaska, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Tsegaye, T.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Macdonald Campus,21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM Donald.Smith@mcgill.ca NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4710 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. PY 2011 VL 61 IS 3 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1080/09064711003745508 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 747US UT WOS:000289346100007 ER PT J AU Camara, MD AF Camara, Mark D. TI Changes in molecular genetic variation at AFLP loci associated with naturalization and domestication of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Amplified fragment length polymorphism; Naturalization; Domestication selective breeding; Population genetics; Genetic diversity; Oyster ID POPULATION; SELECTION; THUNBERG; MARKERS; SIZE AB The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is an important commercial species in the US Pacific Northwest with a history of production initially based on wild-caught seed imported directly from the Miyagi region of northern Japan (1920s-1970s) followed by an extended period of seed collection from a small number of naturalized, self-recruiting populations in US estuaries (early 1970s-present) and more recently through large-scale hatchery production of seed oysters (mid 1970s-present). I studied the genetic level consequences of each of these major transformations of the oyster industry by examining the patterns of private alleles (bands unique to one sample), the number of polymorphic loci, expected heterozygosity, genetic distance between populations and genetic divergence between individuals within and among three native Pacific oyster populations in Japan (Hiroshima, Miyagi, Midori River), five naturalized populations in North America (Pipestem Inlet BC, Nootka Inlet BC, Dabob Bay WA, Willapa Bay, WA, and Tillamook Bay, OR), two in New Zealand (Chance Bay and Kaipara Harbor), and seven domesticated and selectively bred cohorts from an ongoing genetic improvement program on the West Coast of the United States using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. All but one of the naturalized populations in both the USA and New Zealand are genetically more similar to native populations from the Ariake Sea (Midori River) than to the Miyagi region of their origin, but all domesticated stocks more closely resemble the wild Miyagi population. According to local oyster producers, the one exceptional naturalized population (Tillamook) is a very recent colonization derived from farmed oysters. Such consistency is unexpected under random genetic drift, and I speculate that both natural and artificial selection may have altered AFLP allele frequencies in this species in the course of naturalization and domestication. C1 ARS, USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Camara, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Mark.Camara@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5358-31000-001-00D] FX The author would like to thank Jim Krenz and Sean Matson for collecting samples from US naturalized populations, Chris Langdon for samples from Midori region, Masashi Sekino for samples from the Miyagi region, Brian Kingzett and Jennifer Dawson for samples from British Columbia, and Nick King and Serean Adams for samples from New Zealand. Chris Langdon provided archived tissue samples from the Molluscan Broodstock Program. Jim Krenz did the vast majority of the DNA extraction and AFLP genotyping work and Crystal Rink did the rest. This research was supported by USDA-ARS programmatic funding to the Shellfish Genetics Program (CRIS Project #5358-31000-001-00D). Any use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1051/alr/2011107 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 751MT UT WOS:000289622900004 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Eujayl, IA Panella, LW Hanson, LE AF Strausbaugh, Carl A. Eujayl, Imad A. Panella, Leonard W. Hanson, Linda E. TI Virulence, distribution and diversity of Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet in Idaho and Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; Rhizoctonia root rot; Rhizoctonia solani; sugar beet; Zea mays ID SANDY SOIL BEDS; ROOT-ROT; ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; CROWN ROT; GENETIC-VARIATION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; METAM-SODIUM; BINUCLEATE RHIZOCTONIA; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; INTEGRATED CONTROL AB Rhizoctonia root rot causes serious losses on sugar beet worldwide. In order to help explain why Rhizoctonia root rot management practices have not performed well in some areas of the Intermountain West (IMW), a survey was conducted. In the IMW from 2004 to 2006, 94 Rhizoctonia solani field isolates were collected from sugar beet roots. These field isolates were compared with 19 reference strains and 46 accessions from GenBank for genetic diversity based on sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region. Greenhouse pathogenicity tests on sugar beet and silage corn were conducted and plant damage was assessed using a randomized complete block design with at least four replications. The majority of the isolates had sequence identity with the AG-2-2 IIIB (47%) or AG-4 subgroups (44%). Most of the AG-2-2 isolates (87%) were associated with fields in the western portion of the production area, while 71% of the AG-4 isolates came from the eastern portion of the production area. Isolates from AG-2-2 IIIB were frequently more virulent on sugar beet and sequence of the ITS-5.8s region required cloning because of genetic diversity within isolates. Seven (all AG-2-2 IIIB) of 18 isolates tested could attack both sugar beet and corn, while two of the seven virulent isolates caused less root rot on corn. To reduce Rhizoctonia root rot on sugar beet and corn, crop rotations and the isolates utilized for selecting host resistance could be given further consideration. C1 [Strausbaugh, Carl A.; Eujayl, Imad A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hanson, Linda E.] Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM carl.strausbaugh@ars.usda.gov OI Strausbaugh, Carl/0000-0001-6773-1375 FU United States Department of Agriculture CRIS [5368-21220-003-00D]; Beet Sugar Development Foundation; Snake River Sugar Beet Growers FX These data support the objectives of the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS projects 5368-21220-003-00D. Support was provided by the Beet Sugar Development Foundation and the Snake River Sugar Beet Growers. We also wish to acknowledge the technical help of Justin Doble, Jodi Smith and Josh Reed. We wish to acknowledge the culture collection initiated by Earl G. Ruppel as a source of reference strains. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 210 EP 226 AR PII 934839237 DI 10.1080/07060661.2011.558523 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 750QM UT WOS:000289563100012 ER PT J AU Atwell, RC Schulte, LA Westphal, LM AF Atwell, Ryan C. Schulte, Lisa A. Westphal, Lynne M. TI Tweak, Adapt, or Transform: Policy Scenarios in Response to Emerging Bioenergy Markets in the US Corn Belt SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; complexity; ecosystem services; Iowa; participatory; perennials; resilience; scale; social-ecological systems ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; BIOFUELS; IOWA; AGROECOSYSTEM; GOVERNANCE; SERVICES; BIOMASS AB Emerging bioenergy markets portend both boon and bane for regions of intensive agricultural production worldwide. To understand and guide the effects of bioenergy markets on agricultural landscapes, communities, and economies, we engaged leaders in the Corn Belt state of Iowa in a participatory workshop and follow-up interviews to develop future policy scenarios. Analysis of workshop and interview data, in conjunction with the results of regional social and ecological research, was used to develop a heuristic model outlining interactions between key drivers and outcomes of regional landscape change. Three policy scenarios were built on this framework and included the following approaches: tweak, adapt, and transform. Our results suggest that if macroscale markets, technologies, and federal farm policies are allowed to be the overriding drivers of farm owner and operator decision making, Iowa's agricultural landscapes will likely become highly efficient at row crop production at the cost of other desired outcomes. However, the perspectives of Iowa leaders demonstrate how multifunctional agricultural landscapes can be achieved through a concerted portfolio of change coordinated across local, regional, and national scales. C1 [Atwell, Ryan C.; Schulte, Lisa A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Westphal, Lynne M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Atwell, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture; USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE); U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; Iowa State University FX We thank workshop participants for their honesty and insight. We also thank Tricia Knoot and Kris Atwell for comments improving earlier drafts of this manuscript and Drake Larsen for assistance with workshop organization, transcription, and analysis. This research is funded by Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE), U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, and Iowa State University. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 AR 10 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744FV UT WOS:000289081200023 ER PT J AU Watson, A Matt, R Knotek, K Williams, DR Yung, L AF Watson, Alan Matt, Roian Knotek, Katie Williams, Daniel R. Yung, Laurie TI Traditional Wisdom: Protecting Relationships with Wilderness as a Cultural Landscape SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cultural resources; landscape meanings; protected area; public involvement; tribal land management ID ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; PERCEPTIONS; CHALLENGES AB Interviews of tribal and nontribal residents of the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana, U.S., were conducted to contrast the meanings that different cultures attach to the Mission Mountains Tribal Wilderness. Legislation that created a national system of wilderness areas ( in 1964 and still growing) was conceived, supported, and enacted by a fairly distinct social group generally residing in urban areas and schooled in modern civilization's scientific model and relationship with nature. The places this legislation protects, however, provide many other poorly recognized and little understood meanings to other parts of society. There is a link between indigenous people and nature that is not described well in this legislation or management policy in most places. The Wilderness Act suggests that these protected areas should be "untrammeled," or unmanipulated, unfettered, when in fact it is common knowledge that, for most areas in North America, indigenous people have intervened, with respect, for generations. The Mission Mountains Tribal Wilderness in Montana, though not part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, was designated to protect many of these same values but also extend to protect important cultural meanings assigned to this wild landscape. Protecting the relationship between indigenous people and relatively intact, complex systems, which we commonly refer to as wilderness in North America, can be an important contributor to sustainability of the landscape and cultural heritage. C1 [Williams, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Soc & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 FU National Fire Plan; Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project; The University of Montana College of Forestry Conservation; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX This project was funded cooperatively by the National Fire Plan, the Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project, The University of Montana College of Forestry & Conservation, and the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 AR 36 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744FV UT WOS:000289081200049 ER PT J AU van den Berg, AK Perkins, TD Isselhardt, ML Godshall, MA Lloyd, SW AF van den Berg, A. K. Perkins, T. D. Isselhardt, M. L. Godshall, M. A. Lloyd, S. W. TI Effects of producing maple syrup from concentrated and reconstituted maple syrup of different sugar concentrations SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Alternative sweeteners; evaporation; evaporator; maple sap; maple syrup; membrane separation; sugar maple AB Maple syrup is produced and marketed as a specialty, 'natural' sweetener with highly desirable properties, particularly its unique flavor and aroma profile. Pre-concentration of maple sap by membrane separation is used to increase the efficiency and profitability of maple production by reducing the time and fuel necessary to concentrate sap to maple syrup density using only the traditional method of thermal evaporation in open-pan style evaporators. However, there is some concern that producing syrup from sap concentrated by membrane processes to higher than previously standard concentration levels (5-8%) might yield negative impacts on the properties of maple syrup by reducing the length of time sap is processed with heat, which generates the majority of color, flavor, and aroma compounds. To investigate this question, experiments were conducted in which maple syrup was produced simultaneously from concentrated and reconstituted maple sap at four levels of sugar concentration, 2, 8, 12, and 15%. The chemical composition and flavor of the syrups produced were subsequently analyzed and evaluated. Maple syrup produced from more concentrated sap material was lighter in color, had a higher pH, and contained smaller quantities of invert sugar and volatile flavor compounds than syrup produced simultaneously with less concentrated sap material. However, differences observed in chemical composition were numerically small and not likely of practical significance. In addition, panelists in sensory evaluation experiments were unable to detect overall differences in the flavor of syrup produced simultaneously from sap material at 2 and 15% sugar concentration. The results indicate that chemical composition and flavor do not differ significantly in maple syrup produced from sap material of different sugar concentrations, and thus that producing syrup from sap concentrated by membrane separation to higher sugar concentration levels (up to 15%) is an acceptable method maple producers can use to increase the profitability of maple syrup production. C1 [van den Berg, A. K.; Perkins, T. D.; Isselhardt, M. L.] Univ Vermont, Proctor Maple Res Ctr, Underhill Ctr, VT 05490 USA. [Godshall, M. A.] Sugar Proc Res Inst Inc, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Lloyd, S. W.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP van den Berg, AK (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Proctor Maple Res Ctr, POB 233, Underhill Ctr, VT 05490 USA. EM Abby.vandenBerg@uvm.edu RI van den Berg, Abby/N-1829-2013 FU University of Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was funded by the University of Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors wish to thank David Marvin, Steven Wilbur, Alan Howard, Brian Stowe, Joshua O'Neill and Ben Dana for their assistance in completing this work. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1345 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 741RL UT WOS:000288881800031 ER PT J AU Johnson, RM Richard, EP AF Johnson, R. M. Richard, E. P., Jr. TI Prediction of sugarcane sucrose content with high resolution, hyperspectral leaf reflectance measurements SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chemical composition; remote sensing; sucrose; sugarcane ID PLANT PIGMENTS; YIELD; SPECTROSCOPY AB Remote sensing for crop maturity parameters may offer sugarcane producers a method to develop harvest schedules that maximize sucrose production. Several tests were conducted to determine if leaf reflectance measurements could be used to predict theoretically recoverable sugar (TRS) levels (crop maturity) prior to harvest. Leaf samples were collected from multi-variety first-ratoon (FR) sugarcane maturity studies in 2005 at three sample dates and from the plant-cane (PC) and first-ratoon (FR) sugarcane maturity studies throughout the 2006 September through December harvest season. Sugarcane juice was analyzed for its Brix, and sucrose content to predict TRS and leaf reflectance measurements were taken using a dual input, fiber optic spectrometer. Discriminant analysis showed that leaf reflectance was effective at predicting TRS in 56-79% of the cases if cultivars were combined using resubstitution and in 36-54 % of the cases using cross validation. If the cultivars were considered separately then 99-100% of the cases could be correctly classified using resubstitution and 60-100% of the cases using cross validation. Regression analyses between leaf reflectance values and TRS indicated that simple models could be developed that described much of the variability present in stalk sucrose levels. Several regions appeared to be important in describing stalk sucrose levels, including; the ultraviolet (250-330 nm), blue, green and yellow (450-590 nm), orange and red (590-650 nm), and the near-infrared (740-850 nm). These combined results indicate that it may be possible to utilize remote sensing techniques to estimate sugarcane maturity (TRS) prior to harvest. C1 [Johnson, R. M.; Richard, E. P., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Johnson, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM Richard.Johnson@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1345 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 741RL UT WOS:000288881800032 ER PT J AU Wu, TH Nigg, JD Stine, JJ Bechtel, PJ AF Wu, Ted H. Nigg, Jonathan D. Stine, Jesse J. Bechtel, Peter J. TI Nutritional and Chemical Composition of By-Product Fractions Produced from Wet Reduction of Individual Red Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Heads and Viscera SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogenic amines; FAME; fishmeal; stickwater; vitamin ID FISH-MEAL; VITAMIN-A; BIOGENIC-AMINES; EXTRACTION; PROTEIN; GROWTH; FOOD AB There is growing interest for fishmeals and oils made from utilizing different fish by-products (heads, viscera, frames, etc.) that come directly from the commercial processing line. The major components of fish processing waste from salmon filleting operations are heads and viscera. In order to maximize the utilization of these individual by-products, the different fractions were evaluated. Analysis of essential amino acids in fishmeal showed significant differences in all essential amino acids except lysine. Differences were also noted in the levels of minerals, fatty acid methyl esters, biogenic amines, and fat soluble vitamins. The largest difference observed was in the level of retinol in the oil extracted from heads (8.9 +/- 1.0 g/g oil) and viscera (26.9 +/- 3.8 g/g oil). Head processing resulted in more lipids and cake, while the majority of viscera became stickwater. Results suggest that the fishmeal produced from different by-product parts can result in different nutritional values for feed or food ingredients. C1 [Wu, Ted H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nigg, Jonathan D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stine, Jesse J.; Bechtel, Peter J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Wu, TH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ted.wu@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-8850 EI 1547-0636 J9 J AQUAT FOOD PROD T JI J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 AR PII 936330456 DI 10.1080/10498850.2011.557524 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 750TS UT WOS:000289571500007 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Sharma, BK AF Doll, Kenneth M. Sharma, Brajendra K. TI Emulsification of Chemically Modified Vegetable Oils for Lubricant Use SO JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS LA English DT Article DE Application of surfactants; Oil; Lubricant ID IN-WATER EMULSIONS; SEMISYNTHETIC METALWORKING FLUIDS; ACID METHYL-ESTERS; CATASTROPHIC INVERSION; FRICTION MEASUREMENTS; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; NORMAL MORPHOLOGY; FATTY ESTERS; SURFACTANT; STABILITY AB Oil in water emulsions of several vegetable oils were studied in order to prepare a useful lubrication fluid. Several previously uncharacterized systems were studied in this paper, including those made from epoxidized vegetable oils. A series of different surfactants were studied in order to obtain emulsions suitable for lubrication applications. The epoxidized oils were found to form stable oil in water emulsions using several different surfactant systems. Only the (4) lauryl ether dodecyl polyethoxylated nonionic surfactant and a modified palm stearin methoxy ester ethoxylate were able to stabilize ordinary soybean oil for 1 week under our test conditions. Overall, the best surfactants were those with an HLB value slightly above 9. The droplet size of emulsions made with surfactants formed submicron droplets, whereas only droplets of larger diameter were obtained when surfactants were not added. Most importantly, a lubrication study was performed showing that even a 1% emulsion of the vegetable oils used in this study can reduce friction nearly as well as using the base oil alone. C1 [Doll, Kenneth M.; Sharma, Brajendra K.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1097-3958 EI 1558-9293 J9 J SURFACTANTS DETERG JI J. Surfactants Deterg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s11743-010-1203-x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 708LK UT WOS:000286363100017 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC Drolet, B Linthicum, K AF Wilson, William C. Drolet, Barbara Linthicum, Kenneth TI Multidisciplinary Approaches for Rift Valley Fever Detection, Surveillance and Control SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wilson, William C.; Drolet, Barbara] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Linthicum, Kenneth] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PY 2011 VL 7 SU 1 BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728VB UT WOS:000287901500023 ER PT J AU Menon, P Ochoa, R Bauchan, G Joshi, S Ramamurthy, VV AF Menon, P. Ochoa, R. Bauchan, G. Joshi, S. Ramamurthy, V. V. TI A new genus and species Mangalaus bkapus (Acari: Eriophyidae) from India SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Systematics; Mangalaus bkapus; new genus; new species; Cordia dichotoma; erineum; Eriophyidae; Aceriini; India ID MITES ACARINA; ERIOPHYOIDEA; BENGAL AB Mangalaus bkapus n. gen., n. sp. (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae: Eriophyinae: Aceriini), collected from erineum on the underside of leaves of Cordia dichotoma G. Forster (Boraginaceae), is described and illustrated from specimens collected at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi, India. C1 [Menon, P.; Joshi, S.; Ramamurthy, V. V.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Entomol, New Delhi 110012, India. [Ochoa, R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, G.] ARS, Elect & Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Menon, P (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Entomol, New Delhi 110012, India. EM pratibharish@gmail.com; ron.ochoa@ars.usda.gov; gary.bauchan@ars.usda.gov; sushilaaa2003@yahoo.co.in; vvr3@vsnl.com FU ICAR Network Project on Insect Biosystematics FX The authors extend their gratitude to Dr. J.W. Amrine, Jr., University of West Virginia, Morgantown, WV, USA for his valuable comments and guidance; to Dr. Gregory Evans, USDA, APHIS; Drs. Gary Miller and David Nickle, USDA, ARS, SEL for their reviews and comments on the manuscript and to Christopher Pooley, USDA, ARS, ECMU for his excellent image processing of the LT-SEM micrograph plates. We especially wish to thank Dr. Punjab S. Nain, Deputy Director (Plant Protection), DPP & Q, Govt. of India, the USDA, ARS and USDA, APHIS for their support and permits. The funding by ICAR Network Project on Insect Biosystematics is gratefully acknowledged. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 EI 1945-3892 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 131 EP 142 AR PII 935779433 DI 10.1080/01647954.2010.497165 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 746LF UT WOS:000289247600007 ER PT J AU Zalesny, RS Zalesny, JA AF Zalesny, R. S., Jr. Zalesny, J. A. TI Clonal Variation in Lateral and Basal Rooting of Populus Irrigated with Landfill Leachate SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE forest genetics; tree improvement; phytotechnologies; hybrid poplar; root types; Populus deltoides; P. trichocarpa; P. suaveolens subsp maximowiczii; P. nigra AB Successful establishment and productivity of Populus depends upon adventitious rooting from: 1) lateral roots that develop from either preformed or induced primordia and 2) basal roots that differentiate from callus at the base of the cutting in response to wounding. Information is needed for phytotechnologies about the degree to which Populus adventitious rooting is controlled by effects of individual genotypes, waste waters used as alternative fertigation sources, and their interactions. Our objective was to irrigate twelve Populus clones with well water (control) or municipal solid waste landfill leachate and to test for differences between initiation of lateral versus basal roots, as well as root growth rate and distributional trends for both root types. We evaluated number and length of lateral roots initiated from upper, middle, and lower thirds of the cutting, as well as basal callus roots. Overall, leachate irrigation affected lateral roots but not basal roots, and there was broad clonal variation between and within root types. On average, there were 129% more lateral than basal roots, which ranged from 3 to 27 (lateral) and 2 to 10 roots (basal). The percent advantage of number of roots from the middle portion of the cutting relative to other sections was 120% (upper), 193% (lower), and 24% (basal). Clones, treatments, and their interaction did not affect root growth rate, which ranged from 1.5 +/- 0.6 to 3.4 +/- 0.3 cm d(-1), with a mean of 2.3 +/- 0.2 cm d(-1). These results contribute baseline information for clonal selection needed to establish Populus for phytotechnologies, energy, and fiber. C1 [Zalesny, R. S., Jr.; Zalesny, J. A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 747OS UT WOS:000289329900005 ER PT J AU Young, TM Zaretzki, RL Perdue, JH Guess, FM Liu, X AF Young, Timothy M. Zaretzki, Russell L. Perdue, James H. Guess, Frank M. Liu, Xu TI LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LOCATION OF BIOENERGY AND BIOFUELS PLANTS SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Biofuels; Optimal siting; Logistic regression models ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS; INDUSTRY; FEEDSTOCK; FUTURE; WOOD AB Logistic regression models were developed to identify significant factors that influence the location of existing wood-using bioenergy/biofuels plants and traditional wood-using facilities. Logistic models provided quantitative insight for variables influencing the location of woody biomass-using facilities. Availability of "thinnings to a basal area of 31.7m(2)/ha," "availability of unused mill residues," and "high density of railroad availability" had positive significant influences on the location of all wood-using faciities. "Median family income," "population," "low density of railroad availability," and "harvesting costs for logging residues" had negative significant influences on the location of all woodusing faciities. For larger woody biomass-using mills (e. g., biopower) availability of "thinnings to a basal area of 79.2m(2)/ha," "number of primary and secondary wood-using mills within an 128.8km haul distance," and "amount of total mill residues," had positive significant influences on the location of larger wood-using faciities. "Population" and " harvesting costs for logging residues" have negative significant influences on the location of larger wood-using faciities. Based on the logistic models, 25 locations were predicted for bioenergy or biofuels plants for a 13-state study region in the Southern United States. C1 [Young, Timothy M.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zaretzki, Russell L.; Guess, Frank M.; Liu, Xu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Stat, Stokely Management Ctr 335, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Perdue, James H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Young, TM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tmyoung1@utk.edu RI Young, Timothy/D-9949-2011 OI Young, Timothy/0000-0001-9564-6506 FU University of Tennessee [TENN00MS-101]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [R11-0515-019]; U.S. Department of Transportation; University of Tennessee, College of Business FX The authors are grateful for the support of the University of Tennessee, AgResearch McIntire-Stennis Grant TENN00MS-101, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service cooperative research agreement R11-0515-019, U.S. Department of Transportation, Sun Grant research agreement, and University of Tennessee, College of Business. The authors thank Ms. Xia Huang, Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Statistics, Operations, Mgmt. Science, University of Tennessee for her assistance in this manuscript. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 329 EP 343 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 742LG UT WOS:000288944400018 ER PT J AU Xu, JL Chen, Y Cheng, JJ Sharma-Shivappa, RR Burns, JC AF Xu, Jiele Chen, Ye Cheng, Jay J. Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. Burns, Joseph C. TI DELIGNIFICATION OF SWITCHGRASS CULTIVARS FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Delignification; Lignocellulose; Modeling; Severity; Sodium hydroxide ID ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; CORN STOVER; PRETREATMENT; DIGESTIBILITY; REGISTRATION; CELLULASE; SEVERITY; STALKS; LIGNIN; SUGAR AB Three switchgrass cultivars ('Performer', 'BoMaster', and 'Colony' switchgrass) were delignified using NaOH at varying concentrations and residence times at 121 degrees C for improved sugar production in enzymatic hydrolysis. Because of its greater carbohydrate/lignin ratio and the more substantial lignin reduction upon alkaline attack, 'Performer' switchgrass gave greater sugar productions under all the pretreatment conditions investigated. Maximum sugar production from 'Performer' was 425 mg/g raw biomass, which was achieved at 1% NaOH and 0.5 h. Sugar production increased with the improvement of delignification until the lignin reduction reached 30%. The more severe pretreatment conditions, which led to greater lignin reductions, did not favor the increase of sugar production because of greater solid losses. Linear models were proven effective in correlating a modified severity parameter log(M-o) to lignin reduction and sugar production of 'Performer' switchgrass. C1 [Xu, Jiele; Cheng, Jay J.; Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chen, Ye] Novozymes N Amer Inc, Franklinton, NC 27525 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cheng, JJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jay_cheng@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS); North Carolina Agricultural Foundation (NCAF) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of this research from both the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS) and North Carolina Agricultural Foundation (NCAF). NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 707 EP 720 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 742LG UT WOS:000288944400045 ER PT J AU Johnson, KN Allen, AL Kleinman, PJA Hashem, FM Sharpley, AN Stout, WL AF Johnson, Keisha N. Allen, Arthur L. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Hashem, Fawzy M. Sharpley, Andrew N. Stout, William L. TI Effect of Coal Combustion By-products on Phosphorus Runoff from a Coastal Plain Soil SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Fly ash; phosphorus; water quality ID FLY-ASH; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MANURE; AGRICULTURE; DESORPTION; AMENDMENT; RESIDUES; IMPACTS; QUALITY; LOSSES AB Coal combustion by-products can lower soil phosphorus (P) solubility, but few studies have assessed their effect on runoff P. A soil with elevated P content was amended with fluidized bed combustion ash, flue gas desulfurization gypsum, and anthracite refuse ash at rates of 0-40 g kg-1 soil, and runoff from small plots was monitored over 3 years. In the first year, by-products lowered dissolved P in runoff by up to 47% below the untreated control; however, effects did not persist into the remaining years of the study. Total P losses were not significantly affected by coal combustion by-products, likely because of elevated particulate P losses. Water-extractable P was up to 40% less in treated soils than in untreated soils across the 3 years. Results demonstrate that although coal combustion by-products readily lower P solubility in soils, their impact on P losses in runoff can be undermined by erosional processes. C1 [Johnson, Keisha N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Allen, Arthur L.; Hashem, Fawzy M.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Nutr Management Lab, Dept Agr Food & Resource Sci, Princess Anne, MD USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Stout, William L.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Johnson, KN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Agr Sci & Ind Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM knj107@psu.edu NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2011 VL 42 IS 7 BP 778 EP 789 AR PII 935268341 DI 10.1080/00103624.2011.552660 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 742NC UT WOS:000288950000003 ER PT J AU Bar Massada, A Radeloff, VC Stewart, SI AF Bar Massada, Avi Radeloff, Volker C. Stewart, Susan I. TI Allocating fuel breaks to optimally protect structures in the wildland-urban interface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FIRE GROWTH; LANDSCAPE; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; OREGON; RISK; TIME AB Wildland fire is a major concern in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), where human structures intermingle with wildland vegetation. Reducing wildfire risk in the WUI is more complicated than in wildland areas, owing to interactions between spatial patterns of housing and wildland fuels. Fuel treatments are commonly applied in wildlands surrounding WUI communities. Protecting the immediate surroundings of structures and building with fire-resistant materials might be more effective, but limited resources and uncooperative homeowners often make these impractical. Our question was how to allocate fuel treatments in the WUI under these constraints. We developed an approach to allocate fuel breaks around individual or groups of structures to minimise total treatment area. Treatment units were ranked according to their housing density and fire risk. We tested this method in a Wisconsin landscape containing 3768 structures, and found that our treatment approach required considerably less area than alternatives (588 v. 1050 ha required to protect every structure independently). Our method may serve as a baseline for planning fuel treatments in WUI areas where it is impractical to protect every single house, or when fire-proofing is unfeasible. This approach is especially suitable in regions where spotting is a minor cause of home ignitions. C1 [Bar Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Bar Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barmassada@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station, and we thank R. Haight and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, which improved it greatly. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1071/WF09041 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XY UT WOS:000288901800005 ER PT J AU Roth, AD Bunting, SC Strand, EK AF Roth, Aaron D. Bunting, Stephen C. Strand, Eva K. TI Relationships between landscape patterns and fire occurrence within a successional gradient in sagebrush steppe-juniper woodland SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE FARSITE; fire models; FRAGSTATS; Idaho; Juniperus occidentalis Hook. var. occidentalis; Northern Great Basin; simulated fire; western juniper ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; REGIMES; DYNAMICS; MOSAICS; TIME; USA AB Expansion of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook. var. occidentalis) has altered vegetation composition, fire behaviour and fire potential throughout south-western Idaho and eastern Oregon. Utilising GIS-derived products and fire-simulation software, the influence of the spatial arrangement of different woodland developmental stages on simulated surface fire occurrence was evaluated. Custom fuel models and a recent vegetation map processed in FARSITE under moderate fire conditions were used to create a fire-occurrence grid in three sixth-order watersheds on the Owyhee Plateau of south-western Idaho. Landscape pattern metrics were selected to quantify the spatial arrangement of plant communities within a neighbourhood around points from each successional stage randomly placed within each watershed. Linear regression analysis of fire occurrence and each of the selected landscape metrics was compared for four successional stages of western juniper encroachment to assess the effect of landscape-scale vegetation arrangement on fire occurrence. The landscape structure had little influence on whether an early-successional area burns in a surface fire, whereas the surrounding landscape structure influenced whether a late-successional or mature woodland area burned. Landscape metrics that showed significance in late-successional and mature woodland stages include patch density, mean area and Simpson's diversity. C1 [Roth, Aaron D.; Bunting, Stephen C.; Strand, Eva K.] Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Roth, AD (reprint author), Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, John Day Serv Ctr, 721 S Canyon Blvd, John Day, OR 97845 USA. EM aaron.roth@or.usda.gov FU USDI Bureau of Land Management, Lower Snake River District; Harold and Ruth Heady Research Fund FX We recognise and thank the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Lower Snake River District, and the Harold and Ruth Heady Research Fund for providing the funding and other support for this project. We thank Chris Call and Chad Hoffman for their helpful review and comments on an earlier draft. We also thank Jeremey Kleinsmith and Ramona Flatz for their dedicated efforts in collecting summer field data. This publication is issued as Contribution No. 1056 of the Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1071/WF08189 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XY UT WOS:000288901800006 ER PT J AU Calkin, DE Rieck, JD Hyde, KD Kaiden, JD AF Calkin, David E. Rieck, Jon D. Hyde, Kevin D. Kaiden, Jeffrey D. TI Built structure identification in wildland fire decision support SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID URBAN INTERFACE AB Recent ex-urban development within the wildland interface has significantly increased the complexity and associated cost of federal wildland fire management in the United States. Rapid identification of built structures relative to probable fire spread can help to reduce that complexity and improve the performance of incident management teams. Approximate structure locations can be mapped as specific-point building cluster features using cadastral data records. This study assesses the accuracy and precision of building clusters relative to GPS structure locations and compares these results with area mapping of housing density using census-based products. We demonstrate that building clusters are reasonably accurate and precise approximations of structure locations and provide superior strategic information for wildland fire decision support compared with area density techniques. Real-time delivery of structure locations and other values-at-risk mapped relative to probable fire spread through the Wildland Fire Decision Support System Rapid Assessment of Values at Risk procedure supports development of wildland fire management strategies. C1 [Calkin, David E.; Rieck, Jon D.; Kaiden, Jeffrey D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Rieck, Jon D.; Kaiden, Jeffrey D.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Hyde, Kevin D.] Collins Consulting, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Calkin, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM decalkin@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1071/WF09137 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XY UT WOS:000288901800007 ER PT J AU Lu, W Charney, JJ Zhong, SR Bian, XD Liu, SH AF Lu, Wei Charney, Joseph J. Zhong, Sharon Bian, Xindi Liu, Shuhua TI A North American regional reanalysis climatology of the Haines Index SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire climate; fire-weather forecasting; NARR ID COORDINATE; MODEL AB A warm-season (May through October) Haines Index climatology is derived using 32-km regional reanalysis temperature and humidity data from 1980 to 2007. We compute lapse rates, dewpoint depressions, Haines Index factors A and B, and values for each of the low-, mid-and high-elevation variants of the Haines Index. Statistical techniques are used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the index across North America. The new climatology is compared with a previous climatology derived from 2.5 degrees (similar to 280 km) global reanalysis data. Maps from the two climatologies are found to be very similar for most of North America. The largest differences appear along the eastern coastline and in regions of large elevation gradients, where the orography in the 32-km climatology is better resolved than that of the 2.5 degrees climatology. In coastal areas of eastern North America and where there is steeply sloping terrain, the new climatology can augment the information from the 2.5 degrees climatology to help analyse the performance and interpret the results of the Haines Index in these regions. Alinear trend analysis of the total number of high-Haines Index days occurring in each warm season reveals no significant linear trends over the 28-year data period. C1 [Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi] US Forest Serv, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Lu, Wei; Liu, Shuhua] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lu, Wei; Zhong, Sharon] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Charney, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Suite 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM jcharney@fs.fed.us FU China Scholarship Council; National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421402]; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [07-JV-11242300-049]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX This research is supported partially by the China Scholarship Council, partially by the National Basic Research Program of China (grant 2009CB421402), partially by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station (grant 07-JV-11242300-049) and partially by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station under the auspices of the Joint Fire Science Program. We also acknowledge the helpful comments and recommendations from two anonymous reviewers. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1071/WF08196 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XY UT WOS:000288901800008 ER PT J AU Lewis, A Hall, TE Black, A AF Lewis, Alexis Hall, Troy E. Black, Anne TI Career stages in wildland firefighting: implications for voice in risky situations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE impression management; leadership; psychological safety; situational awareness ID GENDER-EQUITY ISSUES; ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT; LEADERSHIP; BEHAVIOR; SPEAKING; SILENCE; SATURATION; EMPLOYEES; BREAKING; MANAGERS AB Avoidance of injury and death on the fireline may depend on firefighters voicing their concerns, but often this does not occur. Reasons for employee reticence identified in the literature include a perception of various personal costs or a belief that raising concerns is futile. Additionally, the social context may play a significant role. In a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 36 wildland firefighters in the US, we explored reasons firefighters do or do not voice concerns. Findings revealed two primary themes related to initiating voice (limits to environmental perception and social influence) that vary considerably depending on a firefighter's career stage. Additionally, the tactics that firefighters use similarly vary with career stage. Rookies (novice firefighters) often lack the ability to discern and interpret environmental cues, rely on others to ensure safety, fear being stigmatised if they voice worries, and may believe no one will listen to them. Veteran firefighters - both mid-career experienced firefighters and expert veterans in high-experience leadership roles - are better able than rookies to perceive and describe risky situations and feel more confident to raise concerns. However, experienced firefighters still face social pressures that may lead them to remain silent. Expert veterans face fewer social pressures, but their roles can put them in situations where they are either complacent or distracted. Implications of these findings for firefighter training and fire leadership are discussed. C1 [Lewis, Alexis; Hall, Troy E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Conservat Social Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Black, Anne] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hall, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Conservat Social Sci, POB 441139, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM troyh@uidaho.edu FU USDA Forest Service FX This research was supported by funding from the USDA Forest Service. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1071/WF09070 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XY UT WOS:000288901800010 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SE Sieg, CH Anderson, DE Kaufman, DS Pearthree, PA AF Jenkins, Sara E. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Anderson, Diana E. Kaufman, Darrell S. Pearthree, Philip A. TI Late Holocene geomorphic record of fire in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests, Kendrick Mountain, northern Arizona, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE charcoal; crown fire; debris flows; fire history; terrain ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; DEBRIS-FLOW INITIATION; COLORADO-FRONT-RANGE; SAN-FRANCISCO PEAKS; NEW-MEXICO; LONG-TERM; CHARCOAL ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION HISTORY AB Long-term fire history reconstructions enhance our understanding of fire behaviour and associated geomorphic hazards in forested ecosystems. We used C-14 ages on charcoal from fire-induced debris-flow deposits to date prehistoric fires on Kendrick Mountain, northern Arizona, USA. Fire-related debris-flow sedimentation dominates Holocene fan deposition in the study area. Radiocarbon ages indicate that stand-replacing fire has been an important phenomenon in late Holocene ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and ponderosa pine-mixed conifer forests on steep slopes. Fires have occurred on centennial scales during this period, although temporal hiatuses between recorded fires vary widely and appear to have decreased during the past 2000 years. Steep slopes and complex terrain may be responsible for localised crown fire behaviour through preheating by vertical fuel arrangement and accumulation of excessive fuels. Holocene wildfire-induced debris flow events occurred without a clear relationship to regional climatic shifts (decadal to millennial), suggesting that interannual moisture variability may determine fire year. Fire-debris flow sequences are recorded when (1) sufficient time has passed (centuries) to accumulate fuels; and (2) stored sediment is available to support debris flows. The frequency of reconstructed debris flows should be considered a minimum for severe events in the study area, as fuel production may outpace sediment storage. C1 [Jenkins, Sara E.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Anderson, Diana E.; Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Pearthree, Philip A.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Jenkins, SE (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM saraliz.jenkins@gmail.com RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station [04-JV-11221615-319]; Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research at Northern Arizona University FX This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (Research Joint Venture Agreement 04-JV-11221615-319) and the Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research at Northern Arizona University. We thank A. J. T. Jull, Todd Lange, and the staff at the National Science Foundation-University of Arizona Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for laboratory training and use. Many thanks also to Linda Scott Cummings (PaleoResearch Institute, Inc.) and Owen Davis (University of Arizona) for macrofossil identification, and Rob Richardson (USDA, Kaibab National Forest) for historical imagery. We also thank the following individuals for their invaluable insight and assistance: Erica Bigio, Ann Youberg, Jim Fowler, R. Scott Anderson, Nick McKay, Erin Young and Trent Newkirk, and especially our two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this work. NR 79 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 125 EP 141 DI 10.1071/WF09093 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XY UT WOS:000288901800011 ER PT J AU Hyde, JC Smith, AMS Ottmar, RD Alvarado, EC Morgan, P AF Hyde, Joshua C. Smith, Alistair M. S. Ottmar, Roger D. Alvarado, Ernesto C. Morgan, Penelope TI The combustion of sound and rotten coarse woody debris: a review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; SAMPLING METHODS; CARBON STORAGE; WESTERN OREGON; PINE FORESTS; BROWN-ROT; BIOMASS; LOGS; DECAY; DECOMPOSITION AB Coarse woody debris serves many functions in forest ecosystem processes and has important implications for fire management as it affects air quality, soil heating and carbon budgets when it combusts. There is relatively little research evaluating the physical properties relating to the combustion of this coarse woody debris with even less specifically addressing decomposition, a condition that eventually affects all debris. We review studies evaluating the combustion and consumption of coarse woody debris in the field and under controlled conditions. The thermal properties affected by decomposition are also reviewed, as are current modelling tools to represent their combustion. Management implications and suggestions for future research are then presented. C1 [Hyde, Joshua C.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Morgan, Penelope] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Alvarado, Ernesto C.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hyde, JC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM hyde.017@gmail.com RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 FU National Wildfire Coordinating Group Smoke Committee (SmoC) via the National Park Service; National Science Foundation [EPS 0814387] FX This work was supported with funding from the National Wildfire Coordinating Group Smoke Committee (SmoC), formerly the Fire Air Coordination Team (FACT) via the National Park Service. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS 0814387. NR 86 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1071/WF09113 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XP UT WOS:000288900600001 ER PT J AU Thode, AE van Wagtendonk, JW Miller, JD Quinn, JF AF Thode, Andrea E. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Miller, Jay D. Quinn, James F. TI Quantifying the fire regime distributions for severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE burn severity; dNBR; Landsat; RdNBR; Sierra Nevada ID KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; FOREST STRUCTURE; BURN SEVERITY; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; WILDFIRE; CLIMATE AB This paper quantifies current fire severity distributions for 19 different fire-regime types in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. Landsat Thematic Mapper remote sensing data are used to map burn severity for 99 fires (cumulatively over 97 000 ha) that burned in Yosemite over a 20-year period. These maps are used to quantify the frequency distributions of fire severity by fire-regime type. A classification is created for the resultant distributions and they are discussed within the context of four vegetation zones: the foothill shrub and woodland zone; the lower montane forest zone; the upper montane forest zone and the subalpine forest zone. The severity distributions can form a building block from which to discuss current fire regimes across the Sierra Nevada in California. This work establishes a framework for comparing the effects of current fires on our landscapes with our notions of how fires historically burned, and how current fire severity distributions differ from our desired future conditions. As this process is refined, a new set of information will be available to researchers and land managers to help understand how fire regimes have changed from the past and how we might attempt to manage them in the future. C1 [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Miller, Jay D.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. [Thode, Andrea E.; Quinn, James F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thode, AE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM andi.thode@nau.edu FU Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region; Switzer Foundation FX This work was funded through the Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region Fire and Aviation Management Program, and through a fellowship from the Switzer Foundation. The US Geological Survey-National Park Service Burn Severity Program was a cooperator and provided the imagery used in this study. Field data collection would not have been possible without the help of our field crew members: Emily Kachorek, Aaron Petty, Brian Strand, Genvieve Belley, Jeremy Frank, Rachel Brush, Glenda Yenni, Daniel Sweet, Patrick Huber, Tasha Halevi and Jonathan Wooley. A special thanks goes to Brianna Collins for her field and office efforts in this work. We thank Mark Schwartz for his review of this work and his advice in the analysis. Discussions with Neil Sugihara were invaluable in the development of this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 26 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.1071/WF09060 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XP UT WOS:000288900600006 ER PT J AU Mahlum, SK Eby, LA Young, MK Clancy, CG Jakober, M AF Mahlum, Shad K. Eby, Lisa A. Young, Michael K. Clancy, Chris G. Jakober, Mike TI Effects of wildfire on stream temperatures in the Bitterroot River Basin, Montana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecosystems; disturbance; recovery; watershed ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BULL TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURES; HEADWATER STREAMS; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB Wildfire is a common natural disturbance that can influence stream ecosystems. Of particular concern are increases in water temperature during and following fires, but studies of these phenomena are uncommon. We examined effects of wildfires in 2000 on maximum water temperature for a suite of second- to fourth-order streams with a range of burn severities in the Bitterroot River basin, Montana. Despite many sites burning at high severity, there were no apparent increases in maximum water temperature during the fires. One month after fire and in the subsequent year, increases in maximum water temperatures at sites within burns were 1.4-2.2 degrees C greater than those at reference sites, with the greatest differences in July and August. Maximum temperature changes at sites >1.7 km downstream from burns did not differ from those at reference sites. Seven years after the fires, there was no evidence that maximum stream temperatures were returning to pre-fire norms. Temperature increases in these relatively large streams are likely to be long-lasting and exacerbated by climate change. These combined effects may alter the distribution of thermally sensitive aquatic species. C1 [Mahlum, Shad K.; Eby, Lisa A.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Clancy, Chris G.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Jakober, Mike] Bitterroot Natl Forest, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. RP Eby, LA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM shadman28@hotmail.com; lisa.eby@umontana.edu; mkyoung@fs.fed.us; cclancy@fs.fed.us; mjakober@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1071/WF09132 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XP UT WOS:000288900600007 ER PT J AU Lewis, SA Hudak, AT Ottmar, RD Robichaud, PR Lentile, LB Hood, SM Cronan, JB Morgan, P AF Lewis, Sarah A. Hudak, Andrew T. Ottmar, Roger D. Robichaud, Peter R. Lentile, Leigh B. Hood, Sharon M. Cronan, James B. Morgan, Penny TI Using hyperspectral imagery to estimate forest floor consumption from wildfire in boreal forests of Alaska, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE burn severity; carbon; duff; hyperspectral remote sensing; moss ID BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; SOIL BURN SEVERITY; POSTFIRE TREE RECRUITMENT; ASSESSING FIRE SEVERITY; DOWNED WOODY DEBRIS; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AVIRIS DATA; LAND-COVER; CARBON AB Wildfire is a major forest disturbance in interior Alaska that can both directly and indirectly alter ecological processes. We used a combination of pre- and post-fire forest floor depths and post-fire ground cover assessments measured in the field, and high-resolution airborne hyperspectral imagery, to map forest floor conditions after the 2004 Taylor Complex in Alaska's boreal forest. We applied a linear spectral unmixing model with five endmembers representing green moss, non-photosynthetic moss, charred moss, ash and soil to reflectance data to produce fractional cover maps. Our study sites spanned low to moderately high burn severity, and both black and white spruce forest types; high cover of green or non-photosynthetic moss in the remotely sensed imagery indicated low consumption, whereas high cover of charred moss, ash or soil indicated higher consumption. Strong relationships (R-2 = 0.5 to 0.6) between green moss estimated from the imagery and both post-fire depth and percentage consumption suggest that potential burn severity may be predicted by a map of green (live) moss. Given that the depth of the post-fire forest floor is ecologically significant, the method of mapping the condition of the organic forest floor with hyperspectral imagery presented here may be a useful tool to assess the effect of future fires in the boreal region. C1 [Lewis, Sarah A.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Robichaud, Peter R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.; Cronan, James B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Lentile, Leigh B.] Univ South, Dept Forestry & Geol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. [Hood, Sharon M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Morgan, Penny] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Lewis, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM sarahlewis@fs.fed.us RI Hood, Sharon/E-5209-2015 OI Hood, Sharon/0000-0002-9544-8208 FU USDA Forest Service and Department of Interior [03-2-1-02, 03-S-01]; Rocky Mountain Research Station; USDA Forest Service; University of Idaho FX This project was supported by the USDA Forest Service and Department of Interior Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) grants (03-2-1-02 and 03-S-01). We are very grateful to the JFSP for providing funding and support throughout the course of this project. This research was also supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service and by the University of Idaho. We thank the Alaska Fire Service for their logistical support during our field sampling campaign. Many people helped with field data collection and analysis including: Stephanie Jenkins, K. C. Murdock, Scott MacDonald, Mike Bobbitt, Carter Stone, Helen Smith, Ed Mathews, Cassandra Koerner and Nat Johnson. Stephen Gulick and Rulon Simmons helped with field spectra collection, and Denise Laes helped with the pre-processing of the hyperspectral imagery. NR 80 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1071/WF09081 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XP UT WOS:000288900600009 ER PT J AU Absher, JD Vaske, JJ AF Absher, James D. Vaske, Jerry J. TI The role of trust in residents' fire wise actions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire wise behaviours; social trust; wildland fire; wildland urban interface ID SALIENT VALUE SIMILARITY; SOCIAL TRUST; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; RISK REGULATION; WILDFIRE; PERCEPTIONS; MODELS; POLICY AB Residents' trust in the managing agency has been heralded as a necessary precursor to success in preventing wildland fire losses in the wildland-urban interface. Trust, however, is a complex concept. Homeowners' specific fire wise actions may not be easily linked to general measures of trust. This article uses two distinct trust indices to predict residents' intention to do fire wise actions to their house and adjacent site. Results of structural equation models using a survey of Colorado Front Range residents (n = 456) revealed strong explanatory power: 85% (house behaviours) and 72% (site behaviours) of the variation in intentions were accounted for by trust, previous fire wise behaviours and the perceived effectiveness of the actions. The trust measures, however, were not major influences. 'Trust in agency competence' weakly predicted perceived effectiveness for site behaviours; 'trust in agency information' weakly predicted past house behaviours. Neither trust variable directly affected intentions to perform these actions. We conclude that trust is best viewed as a broad precursor whose influence on behavioural intentions is mediated by other constructs (e. g. past behaviour, perceived effectiveness). The implications for further work to understand the role of trust and the possible social mechanisms involved are discussed. C1 [Absher, James D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Vaske, Jerry J.] Colorado State Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Absher, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM jabsher@fs.fed.us FU National Fire Plan; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; Colorado State University FX Support for this research was provided by the National Fire Plan, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, and Colorado State University. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1071/WF09049 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XP UT WOS:000288900600013 ER PT J AU Kawasaki, S Fratamico, PM Kamisaki-Horikoshi, N Okada, Y Takeshita, K Sameshima, T Kawamoto, S AF Kawasaki, Susumu Fratamico, Pina M. Kamisaki-Horikoshi, Naoko Okada, Yukio Takeshita, Kazuko Sameshima, Takashi Kawamoto, Shinichi TI Development of the Multiplex PCR Detection Kit for Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO JARQ-JAPAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY LA English DT Review DE foodborne pathogens; rapid detection; rapid screening ID PRODUCTS AB This review describes the development of the multiplex PCR detection kit for Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia colt O157:H7 in food samples. To develop a detection assay, our research team evaluated the optimization of the pre-enrichment broth, the simple DNA extraction method, and the multiplex PCR settings. When this detection protocol was used to detect the above pathogenic bacteria, one cell per 25 g of inoculated sample was detected within 24 h. Moreover, there was excellent agreement between the multiplex PCR assay and the conventional culture method. The multiplex PCR detection assay system was confirmed to be a reliable and useful method for the rapid screening of food products for foodborne pathogens. The assay system was commercialized as a "(TA10] Pathogenic Bacterial Multiplex PCR Detection Kit". When this kit was provided to four different laboratories for an extensive validation study, there were no significant differences in detection sensitivity among the laboratories. The detection kit will be valuable as a screening method for foods contaminated with these pathogens, and it will also be useful for identifying the sources of outbreaks of foodborne illness. C1 [Kawasaki, Susumu; Kawamoto, Shinichi] Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3008642, Japan. [Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Kamisaki-Horikoshi, Naoko; Okada, Yukio; Takeshita, Kazuko; Sameshima, Takashi] PRIMA Meat Packers Ltd, Dept Res & Dev, Ibaraki 3000841, Japan. RP Kawasaki, S (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3008642, Japan. EM skawasa@affrc.go.jp NR 9 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU JAPAN INT RESEARCH CENTER AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PI IBARAKI PA TSUKUBA, IBARAKI, 305-8686, JAPAN SN 0021-3551 J9 JARQ-JPN AGR RES Q JI Jarq - Jpn. Agric. Res. Q. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 742IT UT WOS:000288936200011 ER PT J AU Yang, L Zhang, LP Wu, JP Brown, MA Liu, B Ma, BY Wang, L AF Yang, L. Zhang, L. P. Wu, J. P. Brown, M. A. Liu, B. Ma, B. Y. Wang, L. TI Metallothionein in Yak Characterization of Metallothionein-III in Yak (Bos grunniens) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE Yak; metallothionein-III; cDNA; protein structure; nucleotide sequence; gene coding ID GROWTH-INHIBITORY FACTOR; DYNAMICS; BRAIN; MT AB Metallothinonein-III (MT-III) as a new member of the Metallothionein (MT) family has specific physiological effects different from known MT-I and MT-II. In this study, the yak MT-III gene coding region was amplified and cloned by RT-PCR from brain tissue of yak using YMT-III(SP1) and YMT-III(SP2) as specific primers. The isolated cDNA sequence of MT-III was 207 bp in length (Genbank accession, NO, DQ323545) and was subjected to BLASTn searching in NCBI. Results of the search indicate the nucleotide sequences of yak share 98, 97, 96, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88 and 86% sequence similarity with cattle, milk goat, pig, sheep, chimpanzee, human, dog and house mouse, respectively. Comparing homologies of MT-III sequences with MT-I and MT-II in yak, we found 69 and 67% homologies, respectively. The MT-III protein was composed of 68 amino acids, including 19 cysteines, similar to the number of cysteines of sheep but not human and mouse which lack the conserved ninth cysteine and have no aromatic amino acids. There were conserved motifs of MTs, such as C-X-C, C-C-X-C-C, C-X-X-C and KKS and specific motifs including MDPE, CPCP in MT-III. This conservation of motifs suggests a conservation of MT-III in molecular evolution. The MT-III in yak had no signal peptide and represented a form of cytoplasmic protein similar to MT-I/II. There were few sheets in secondary protein structures, obvious helices in 39-46th AA and mainly irregular curling in the 2D-structure of MT-III protein. The lack of the conserved ninth cysteine in yak MT-III merits further research. C1 [Yang, L.; Zhang, L. P.; Wu, J. P.; Liu, B.; Ma, B. Y.; Wang, L.] Gansu Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China. [Brown, M. A.] ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Wu, JP (reprint author), Gansu Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MEDWELL ONLINE PI FAISALABAD PA ANSINET BUILDING, 308-LASANI TOWN, SARGODHA RD, FAISALABAD, 38090, PAKISTAN SN 1680-5593 J9 J ANIM VET ADV JI J. Anim. Vet. Adv. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 710SC UT WOS:000286530500020 ER PT J AU Bower, MR Gaines, DB Wilson, KP Wullschleger, JG Dzul, MC Quist, MC Dinsmore, SJ AF Bower, Michael R. Gaines, Daniel B. Wilson, Kevin P. Wullschleger, John G. Dzul, Maria C. Quist, Michael C. Dinsmore, Stephen J. TI Accuracy and Precision of Visual Estimates and Photogrammetric Measurements of the Length of a Small-bodied Fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STEREO-VIDEO SYSTEM; CORAL-REEF FISHES; SIZE-STRUCTURE; BREATHING APPARATUS; UNDERWATER; DIVERS; CENSUS; ABUNDANCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATIONS AB We assessed the accuracy and precision of visual estimates from two divers and photogrammetric measurements from a diver-operated stereo-video camera system for determining the length of Saratoga Springs pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis (12-36 mm total length) under controlled conditions. Visual estimates by two divers differed significantly from true fish length (P < 0.001) but were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.42). Levels of accuracy and precision were similar to those previously reported for visual estimates by divers. On average, the two divers underestimated fish length by 2.74 mm (11%) and 2.93 mm (12%). The magnitude of underestimation error increased with fish length. Photogrammetric measurements from a stereo-video camera system were more accurate and precise than diver estimates of fish length. Little to no bias was evident (mean error = 0.05 mm), and the level of precision (coefficient of variation of the difference between observed length and true length) was 4.5% for the photogrammetric measurements compared with 10% and 11% for the two divers' estimates. In comparison with underwater visual surveys, surveys that use a stereo-video camera system may increase the consistency of long-term data sets and improve resolution to detect important length differences in small-bodied fishes. Managers must remain careful to avoid or correct sampling biases, which can affect underwater visual surveys and stereo-video surveys alike. C1 [Bower, Michael R.; Gaines, Daniel B.; Wilson, Kevin P.] Natl Pk Serv, Pahrump, NV 89048 USA. [Wullschleger, John G.] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Program Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Dzul, Maria C.; Quist, Michael C.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bower, MR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 2013 Eastside 2nd St, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. EM mbower@fs.fed.us FU Offield Family Foundation; Death Valley National Park FX We thank Jim Seager for assistance with stereo-video camera system design and operation. We thank the Devils Hole Dive Team for their support and assistance in conducting trials with the stereo-video camera system, and we are grateful to Stan Hillyard and Zane Marshall for providing visual estimates of fish length. We also thank Paul Barrett, Sean Harris, and Stephanie Kyriazis for help in the field. Steve Parmenter (California Department of Fish and Game), Rob Fulton (Desert Studies Center), and Debra Hughson (Mohave National Preserve) provided important assistance with permitting and site logistics. Funding was provided by a donation from the Offield Family Foundation to the Death Valley Fund and by Death Valley National Park. Dive Rite provided SCUBA equipment support through the Death Valley Natural History Association. We are grateful to Henry Golas, David Blacker, and Candace Lieber for their help in enabling this research. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562737 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 742QR UT WOS:000288960000001 ER PT J AU Magnussen, S McRoberts, R AF Magnussen, Steen McRoberts, Ron TI A modified bootstrap procedure for cluster sampling variance estimation of species richness SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE species covariance; biodiversity; tree species; coverage; forest vegetation survey; species occurrence ID NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; ACCUMULATION CURVES; NUMBER; DIVERSITY; FOREST; ABUNDANCE; DESIGN; HETEROGENEITY; BIODIVERSITY; SIMULATION AB Variance estimators for probability sample-based predictions of species richness (S) are typically conditional on the sample (expected variance). In practical applications, sample sizes are typically small, and the variance of input parameters to a richness estimator should not be ignored. We propose a modified bootstrap variance estimator that attempts to capture the sampling variance by generating B replications of the richness prediction from stochastically resampled data of species incidence. The variance estimator is demonstrated for the observed richness (SO), five richness estimators, and with simulated cluster sampling (without replacement) in 11 finite populations of forest tree species. A key feature of the bootstrap procedure is a probabilistic augmentation of a species incidence matrix by the number of species expected to be 'lost' in a conventional bootstrap resampling scheme. In Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, the modified bootstrap procedure performed well in terms of tracking the average MC estimates of richness and standard errors. Bootstrap-based estimates of standard errors were as a rule conservative. Extensions to other sampling designs, estimators of species richness and diversity, and estimates of change are possible. C1 [Magnussen, Steen] Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [McRoberts, Ron] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Magnussen, S (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM steen.magnussen@nrcan.gc.ca OI magnussen, steen/0000-0002-5655-768X FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, DEB-7922197]; Center for Tropical Forest Science; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Mellon Foundation; Celera Foundation; [DFID-R8305-Forest Research Programme] FX The data for eastern Canada were kindly provided by the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, the Prince Edward Island Department of Agriculture and Forestry, the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, the Quebec Ministere des Resources Naturelles, Faune et Parcs, and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. The BCI forest dynamics research project was made possible by National Science Foundation grants to Stephen P. Hubbell: DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, and DEB-7922197, support from the Center for Tropical Forest Science, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, the Celera Foundation, and numerous private individuals, and through the hard work of over 100 people from 10 countries over the past two decades. The plot project is part of the Center for Tropical Forest Science, a global network of large-scale demographic tree plots. The MIOMBO data were those used by Kleinn and Vilcko [32] and stem from a project on sustainable bark harvesting in Southern Africa (funded by DFID-R8305-Forest Research Programme). Dr Jenny Wong was the project leader and Dr Frantisek Vileko kindly prepared the data set. Data of Fushan were kindly provided by the Taiwan Forest Research Institute. The Fushan 25 ha FDP was established by the joint efforts of the Taiwan Forestry Bureau, the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, and the Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University. Data from the USDA Forest Service FIA programme were kindly provided by Dr B. Smith and P. Miles. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 2011 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1238 AR PII 934348138 DI 10.1080/02664763.2010.491861 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 738VF UT WOS:000288670000008 ER PT J AU Yang, HX Wang, SL Zhang, JW Fan, B Zhang, WD AF Yang, Huixia Wang, Silong Zhang, Jianwei Fan, Bing Zhang, Weidong TI Biomass and nutrients of Pinus massoniana plantations in southern China: Simulations for different managing practices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass; nutrient accumulation; rotation length; harvest intensity ID AGE-SEQUENCE; WHOLE-TREE; FOREST; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; ALLOCATION; EFFICIENCY AB We measured the dynamics of both biomass and nutrient pools on 7-, 17-, 31- and 51-year-old Pinus massoniana plantations in southern China. Using a chronosequence approach, we found that biomass of each component increased with aging while its proportion decreased except stem-wood. Nutrient pools varied with biomass pools except for foliage. For all harvest intensities (stem only, stem and branches, and aboveground), increasing the rotation length from 31 yrs to 51 yrs increased the biomass collection by >= 7.1% and reduced the nutrient export for K, Ca and Mg by <= 6.3% during 155 years, while N and P pools varied with harvesting intensities. A decreasing rotation length from 51 yrs to 17 yrs would increase the biomass collection by >= 12.4%, but remove significantly more nutrients. Although more biomass would be collected if harvesting intensity increased, the nutrient removal would have disproportionally increased. Therefore, increasing the rotation length and decreasing harvest intensity are recommended to sustain the site productivity for future Masson pine plantation. C1 [Yang, Huixia; Wang, Silong; Fan, Bing; Zhang, Weidong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Huitong Natl Res Stn Forest Expt, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Yang, Huixia] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Yang, Huixia] Liaoning Inst Forest Management, Dandong 118002, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jianwei] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Wang, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Huitong Natl Res Stn Forest Expt, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China. EM slwang@iae.ac.cn FU Chinese Academy of Science [KZCX2-YW-405] FX This study is part of project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Science (KZCX2-YW-405) entitled The Process and Control Mechanism of Key Materials and Nutrient Management for Plantation Forest. Authors thank Chen Chuying, Gao Hong, He Deliang, Wei Cuie for their help in the field and laboratory. The comments from Wang Ben, William W. Oliver, Aimin Lu, and anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 EI 1459-0263 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 689 EP 693 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 740GJ UT WOS:000288779300135 ER PT J AU Stover, E Portier, K AF Stover, Ed Portier, Kenneth TI Design of Field Experiments: Influence of Treatment Response Relative to Standard Deviation and Blocking Factor Characteristics on Efficient Blocking Strategy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Selection of experimental design can markedly influence efficiency of field research. This study used Monte Carlo simulations to compare the ability of different field experimental designs to distinguish defined treatment differences, and the paper concludes with a section on practical use of the information obtained. In each simulation, a single experimental treatment was compared to a control treatment and each treatment was applied to twelve trees representing similar research effort. Experimental designs compared were twelve blocks with a single tree per treatment, six blocks of two trees per treatment, four blocks of three trees per treatment, and two blocks with six trees per treatment. In each case, analyses were compared in which data were collected with single tree experimental units (multiple trees independently assigned the same treatment within each block) or as is often done with spatial blocking, data were pooled on a group of trees (one data point per multiple tree experimental unit). Trees were blocked according to a specified factor, which was quantified for these comparisons but could represent a qualitative factor such as spatial position. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis was computed for a range of situations including small and large values for the following parameters: treatment response, standard deviations of the response, blocking factor effects, and blocking factor standard deviations. In all cases, the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis was significantly greater when data were collected on single-tree experimental units, and decreased as the number of trees pooled per data point increased (and number of blocks decreased). When data were collected on single-tree experimental units and the factor used for blocking actually had no relationship to the response variable, all four designs had similar probabilities of rejecting the null hypothesis; however, power decreased with increasing block size (more trees per block but fewer blocks) when the blocking factor was significantly correlated with the response variable but treatment did not change the slope of the blocking factor vs. response variable. When the blocking factor effect was significant and there was a significant treatment-by-block interaction, use of a single tree per treatment per block had the least power, but power decreased substantially with block size greater than two trees per treatment. In the last case, failing to account for block by treatment interaction effects resulted in test statistics having little power to reject the null hypothesis even when treatment effects were strong. These analyses indicate that use of one or two trees per treatment per block with data collected on individual-tree experimental units provides the greatest efficiency in distinguishing treatment effects, and that two trees per treatment per block is superior when there is a significant treatment-by-blocking factor interaction. When the blocking factor displayed a distinct spatial trend, incorrectly using individual tree data from multi-tree experimental units as pseudo-replicates resulted in false rejections of the null hypothesis well beyond the specified alpha=0.05, sometimes approaching P=0.50. Researchers are cautioned that proper analysis of multi-tree experimental units yields the same F-test using individual subsample data or single mean values representing each collective experimental unit. C1 [Stover, Ed] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Portier, Kenneth] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 2 EP 16 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 738KD UT WOS:000288637800001 ER PT J AU Reighard, GL Beckman, T Belding, R Black, B Byers, P Cline, J Cowgill, W Godin, R Johnson, RS Kamas, J Kaps, M Larsen, H Lindstrom, T Newell, M Ouellette, D Pokharel, R Stein, L Taylor, K Walsh, C Ward, D Whiting, M AF Reighard, G. L. Beckman, T. Belding, R. Black, B. Byers, P. Cline, J. Cowgill, W. Godin, R. Johnson, R. S. Kamas, J. Kaps, M. Larsen, H. Lindstrom, T. Newell, M. Ouellette, D. Pokharel, R. Stein, L. Taylor, K. Walsh, C. Ward, D. Whiting, M. TI Six-Year Performance of 14 Prunus Rootstocks at 11 Sites in the 2001 NC-140 Peach Trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Fourteen Prunus rootstock cultivars and selections budded with either 'Redtop'. Redhaven' or 'Cresthaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were planted at 11 locations in North America in 2001 in a randomized block design with a tree spacing of 5 by 6 m and 8 replicates. This test planting was an NC-140 Cooperative Regional Rootstock Project (www.nc140.org). There were 14 rootstocks in total, which included three peach seedling rootstocks: Lovell, Bailey, and Guardian (R) 'BY520-9' [selection SC-17]. Clonal rootstocks included the peach x almond hybrids BH-4 and SLAP (Cornerstone); peach a plum hybrids K146-43 (Controller 5), K146-44, and P30-135 (Controller 9); interspecific plum hybrids Hiawatha, Jaspi and Julior; interspecific Prunus hybrids Cadaman (R) and VVA-1 (Krymsk (R) 1); and Prunus pumila L. selection Pumiselect (R). Final tree size was largest in California, Georgia, Maryland, and South Carolina. BH-4, SLAP, SC-17, Lovell, and Cadaman were the most vigorous rootstocks. Jaspi, K146-43, K146-44 and VVA-1 were the least vigorous, having trunk cross-sectional areas 20-50% of Lovell-rooted trees. No rootstock had a significantly higher survival rate than Lovell at all locations, but Bailey, K146-44, and P30-135 had good survival at all test sites. Julior and Jaspi consistently produced root suckers. Pumiselect (R) had anchorage problems at several locations. Cumulative fruit yields were highest on the peach seedling, peach x almond, and Cadaman (R) rootstocks. Lowest cumulative yields were from the small trees on Jaspi, VVA-1 and K146-44 rootstocks. Fruit weight did not differ much among rootstocks though cultivars on Pumiselect (R) and K146-43 often had smaller fruit. Cumulative yield efficiency was not consistently related to tree size. Rootstocks influenced dates of bloom and harvest, but not in a consistent manner across locations/cultivars. C1 [Reighard, G. L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Johnson, R. S.] UC Davis, Parlier, CA USA. [Godin, R.; Larsen, H.; Pokharel, R.] Colorado State Univ, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Taylor, K.] Univ Georgia, Byron, GA USA. [Beckman, T.] USDA ARS, Byron, GA USA. [Newell, M.; Walsh, C.] Univ Maryland, Wye Mills, MD USA. [Kaps, M.] Missouri State Univ, Mt Grove, MO USA. [Byers, P.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Belding, R.; Cowgill, W.; Ward, D.] Rutgers State Univ, Bridgeton, NJ USA. [Cline, J.] Univ Guelph, Vineland Stn, ON, Canada. [Reighard, G. L.; Ouellette, D.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Kamas, J.; Stein, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Stonewall, TX USA. [Black, B.; Lindstrom, T.] Utah State Univ, Kaysville, UT USA. [Whiting, M.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA USA. RP Reighard, GL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM GRGHRD@CLEMSON.EDU RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 26 EP 41 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 738KD UT WOS:000288637800003 ER PT J AU Cabrera, JA Wang, D Schneider, SM Hanson, BD AF Cabrera, J. Alfonso Wang, Dong Schneider, Sally M. Hanson, Bradley D. TI Effect of Methyl Bromide Alternatives on Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Grape Yield under Vineyard Replant Conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grape yield; Meloidogyne spp.; replant problems; resistant rootstock; Tylenchulus semipenetrans ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; TYLENCHULUS-SEMIPENETRANS; MELOIDOGYNE SPP.; ROOTSTOCKS; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; VITIS; POPULATIONS; DENSITIES; SOIL AB Preplant fumigants and nematode-resistant rootstocks were evaluated as alternatives to methyl bromide in a vineyard replant situation. Two months after fumigation, Thompson Seedless on its own roots, Merlot on 1103 Paulsen rootstock, and Thompson Seedless on Freedom rootstock were planted. The study revealed that 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin (578 kg/ha shank injected), iodomethane plus chloropicrin (515 kg/ha shank injected or 448 kg/ha drip applied), and propargyl bromide (221 kg/ha shank injected or 207 kg/ha drip applied) generally controlled root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) and citrus (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) nematodes as well as methyl bromide (507 kg/ha shank injected) over an 8-year evaluation period. Sodium azide (336 kg/ha drip applied followed with either a water cap or tarp), metam sodium (124 kg/ha applied with microspray sprinklers), and chloropicrin alone (448 kg/ha drip applied) were less effective. In general, the effect of fumigants on nematode control was very evident in the own-rooted Thompson Seedless. The 1103P rootstock was partially tolerant to root-knot and citrus nematodes for the first 3 to 4 years, respectively, before nematode populations began to rebuild. In contrast, Freedom rootstock proved to be highly resistant and kept root-knot nematode populations low during the 8-year evaluation. However, preplant fumigation is still likely to be required in fields where citrus nematodes are present. Application of propargyl bromide and replanting with Merlot on 1103P rootstock was the only fumigant-rootstock combination that resulted in grape yield similar to methyl bromide. However, this effect was observed only during the first four years of fruit production. The other fumigant and cultivar combinations did not result in yield differences compared to the untreated control. C1 [Cabrera, J. Alfonso] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cabrera, J. Alfonso; Wang, Dong; Schneider, Sally M.; Hanson, Bradley D.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Hanson, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bhanson@ucdavis.edu FU California Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board; Sunridge Nurseries; Albemarle Corp.; Amvac Chemical Corp.; Arysta Corp.; Cal-Agri Products LLC; Dow AgroSciences LLC; Niklor Chemical Co., Inc.; Tri-Cal, Inc. FX This research was made possible by the contribution of materials, services, and funding from the California Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board, Sunridge Nurseries, Albemarle Corp., Amvac Chemical Corp., Arysta Corp., Cal-Agri Products LLC, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Niklor Chemical Co., Inc., and Tri-Cal, Inc. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.5344/ajev.2010.10076 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 734SW UT WOS:000288359500005 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA AF Isbell, Terry A. TI Chemistry and physical properties of estolides SO GRASAS Y ACEITES LA English DT Review DE Castor; Estolide; Lesquerella; Oleic acid; Physical Properties; Synthesis ID ACID-CATALYZED CONDENSATION; OLEIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; CASTOR-OIL; ESTERIFICATION REACTION; TRIGLYCERIDE ESTOLIDES; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTERS; SEED OIL; LESQUERELLA AB Estolides are a developing class of natural and synthetic compounds that have been synthesized from hydroxy oils like castor and lesquerella or by the condensation of fatty acids across the olefin of a second fatty acid. Castor and lesquerella estolides are derived from either their triglycerides or their free fatty acids utilizing their hydroxyl moiety to establish the estolide bond. The triglyceride estolides have pour points of 9 to -36 degrees C but suffer poor oxidative stability with RPVOT times of 29 - 52 minutes even with 1% of an anti-oxidant package incorporated into the samples. In contrast to the triglyceride estolides of castor and lesquerella, the estolides from lesquerolic and ricinoleic acids have very good pour points of -36 to -54 degrees C. Estolides derived from the acid catalyzed condensation of oleic acid with a variety of fatty acids can be made in good yield and posses a wide range of physical properties. Of particular interest are the saturated capped estolides of oleic that have both good low temperature properties (pour point -5 to - 39 degrees C) and good oxidative stability. Estolides from meadowfoam fatty acids do not have good low temperature properties but have been extensively used in cosmetics where they provide good moisturizing properties. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Elmwood, IL 61529 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St Peoria, Elmwood, IL 61529 USA. EM terry.isbell@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU INST GRASA SUS DERIVADOS PI SEVILLE PA AVDA-PADRE GARCIA TEJERO 4, 41012 SEVILLE, SPAIN SN 0017-3495 J9 GRASAS ACEITES JI Grasas Aceites PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 1 BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.3989/gya/010810 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 735HF UT WOS:000288404000003 ER PT J AU Cassiano, EJ Ohs, CL Weirich, CR Breen, NE Rhyne, AL AF Cassiano, Eric J. Ohs, Cortney L. Weirich, Charles R. Breen, Nancy E. Rhyne, Andrew L. TI Performance of Larval Florida Pompano Fed Nauplii of the Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ACARTIA-TONSA DANA; LIVE-FOOD ORGANISMS; MARINE FISH LARVAE; HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; SPECIAL EMPHASIS; COLD-STORAGE; FATTY-ACIDS; SURVIVAL; FEED AB The Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus is a highly prized marine fish species, the larviculture of which currently includes the feeding of live rotifers and nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia spp. However, no previous studies have evaluated the feeding of copepod nauplii. In this study, the growth and survival of Florida pompano larvae fed nauplii of the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus were compared with those of larvae fed the standard reference diet of enriched rotifers Brachionus plicatilis. Experiments were conducted during the first 7-9 d posthatch (DPH), a period preceding the provision of Artemia nauplii. Treatments included feeding only copepod nauplii during the first day, the first three days, and on all days, as well as copepod nauplii mixed with rotifers during the entire experiment. In addition, the dietary effects on larval fatty acid composition were examined. Feeding copepod nauplii at a density of 2.0-3.5 nauplii/mL during the first day or the first three days of feeding had advantages over feeding only rotifers. However, after approximately 3 DPH, increased quantities of nauplii were needed to provide sufficient nutrients for growth. This was demonstrated in larvae fed copepod nauplii for the entire trial, for which survival was significantly higher than for the other treatments but for which growth was significantly reduced. Larvae fed a mixture of rotifers and nauplii for the entire trial had survival similar to that of larvae fed only rotifers (40%); however, growth was greater in larvae fed the mixed diet, suggesting that there is a nutritional advantage to including copepods in the diet. Fatty acid analyses revealed that increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid were associated with larvae fed copepods, which probably contributed to the observed higher survival and growth. These results indicate that there are multiple benefits to feeding copepods to Florida pompano larvae. C1 [Cassiano, Eric J.; Ohs, Cortney L.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Cassiano, Eric J.; Ohs, Cortney L.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Weirich, Charles R.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Breen, Nancy E.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Chem, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Rhyne, Andrew L.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Rhyne, Andrew L.] Edgerton Res Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Ohs, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM cohs@ufl.edu OI Rhyne, Andrew/0000-0001-7252-3431 FU Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Aquaculture FX We thank the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Aquaculture for funding this research. We thank Erik Stenn of AlgaGen, LLC of Vero Beach, Florida, for providing stock cultures of copepods and microalgae and for sharing culture expertise. We also thank Meghan Anderson, Fernando Cavalin, Kelly Chang, Shawn DeSantis, Matthew DiMaggio, Bryan Garr, Scott Grabe, John Marcellus, Amber Thomas, and Peter Woodward for assisting with various aspects of these experiments. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 2 BP 114 EP 123 AR PII 933737926 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.545598 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 734LS UT WOS:000288336200005 ER PT J AU Ephrath, JE Timlin, DJ Reddy, V Baker, J AF Ephrath, J. E. Timlin, D. J. Reddy, V. Baker, J. TI Irrigation and elevated carbon dioxide effects on whole canopy photosynthesis and water use efficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO PLANT BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Canopy photosynthesis; TDR; water deficit; water uptake ID CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SEASONAL CARBON; DROUGHT STRESS; LEAKAGE RATES; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB The study compared the effects of water stress under ambient (350mol mol-1) and elevated (700mol mol-1) carbon dioxide concentrations on canopy carbon assimilation rates, soil water use, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton plants on a daily basis. This research was carried out in four sun-lit SPAR (Soil Plant Atmosphere Research) units with soil bins located at Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Whole canopy net photosynthetic rates were recorded at 5-min intervals, and soil water content was measured hourly using time-domain reflectometry. Pre-dawn and mid-day leaf water potentials were measured during the water stress and the recovery periods. The soil water use rates of plants grown under elevated CO2 were significantly lower than those grown under ambient levels for both water-stressed and well-watered plants. The WUE of the ambient treatment did not begin to increase until most of the available water was depleted from the soil. The elevated CO2 non-irrigated treatment was able to maintain carbon assimilation rates similar to that of the well-watered treatment while decreasing water uptake during the first 10 days of the drying period. Both water use and carbon assimilation rates decreased in the ambient non-irrigated treatment, shortly after withholding water. Plants grown at 350mol mol-1 CO2 concentration depleted more water from the deepest part of the profile (0.35-0.85m) than did the plants from the elevated CO2 treatment. C1 [Ephrath, J. E.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, French Associates Inst Agr & Biotechnol Drylands, Wyler Dept Dryland Agr, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Timlin, D. J.; Reddy, V.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Climate Change Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Baker, J.] ARS, USDA, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Ephrath, JE (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, French Associates Inst Agr & Biotechnol Drylands, Wyler Dept Dryland Agr, Sede Boqer Campus, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. EM yoni@bgu.ac.il RI EPHRATH, JHONATHAN/F-1768-2012 NR 62 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1126-3504 EI 1724-5575 J9 PLANT BIOSYST JI Plant Biosyst. PY 2011 VL 145 IS 1 BP 202 EP 215 AR PII 934173862 DI 10.1080/11263504.2010.544108 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 733MP UT WOS:000288267100023 ER PT J AU Laliberte, AS Rango, A AF Laliberte, Andrea S. Rango, Albert TI Image Processing and Classification Procedures for Analysis of Sub-decimeter Imagery Acquired with an Unmanned Aircraft over Arid Rangelands SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AERIAL VEHICLE; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; VEGETATION; SEGMENTATION; FOREST AB Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have great potential as a platform for acquiring very high resolution aerial imagery for vegetation mapping. However, image processing and classification techniques require adaptation to images obtained with low-cost digital cameras. We developed and evaluated an image processing workflow that included the integration of resolution-appropriate field sampling, feature selection, and object-based image analysis for the purpose of classifying rangeland vegetation from a five-centimeter-resolution UAS image mosaic. Classification tree analysis was used to determine the optimal spectral, spatial, and contextual features. Segmentation and classification rule sets were developed on a test plot and were applied to the remaining study area, resulting in an overall classification accuracy of 78% at the species level and 81% at the structure-group level. The image processing approach provides a roadmap for deriving quality vegetation classification products from UAS imagery with very high spatial, but low spectral resolution. C1 [Laliberte, Andrea S.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Rango, Albert] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation, Jornada Basin IV FX This research was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program, Jornada Basin IV: Linkages in Semiarid Landscapes. We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Peg Gronemeyer and Lauren Svejcar for field data collection efforts. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 EI 1943-7226 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 4 EP 23 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.48.1.4 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 730CW UT WOS:000288010100002 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Hively, WD McCarty, GW Daughtry, CST Forrestal, PJ Kratochvil, RJ Carr, JL Allen, NF Fox-Rabinovitz, JR Miller, CD AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Hively, W. Dean McCarty, Greg W. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Forrestal, Patrick J. Kratochvil, Robert J. Carr, James L. Allen, Nathaniel F. Fox-Rabinovitz, Joseph R. Miller, Christopher D. TI NIR-Green-Blue High-Resolution Digital Images for Assessment of Winter Cover Crop Biomass SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WHEAT CROP; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; COLOR; CORN; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE; CAMERA; MODIS; COST AB Many small unmanned aerial systems use true-color digital cameras for remote sensing. For some cameras, only the red channel is sensitive to near-infrared (NIR) light. Given a camera with this spectral capability, we modified it to obtain NIR-green-blue images. One advantage of this low-cost system is that images can be inspected directly from the camera. This camera was flown in a Piper Cub aircraft for estimating biomass of wheat and barley planted as winter cover crops. There was much greater variation in biomass within experimental strips than among strips, so correlations were not high. This research demonstrates the need to develop better calibration methods so inexpensive camera sensors can be used in precision agriculture. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Hively, W. Dean; McCarty, Greg W.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Forrestal, Patrick J.; Kratochvil, Robert J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Carr, James L.; Allen, Nathaniel F.; Fox-Rabinovitz, Joseph R.; Miller, Christopher D.] FalconScan LCC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104 BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 26 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.48.1.86 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 730CW UT WOS:000288010100006 ER PT J AU Traore, K McClung, AM Chen, MH Fjellstrom, R AF Traore, Karim McClung, Anna M. Chen, Ming-Hsuan Fjellstrom, Robert TI Inheritance of flour paste viscosity is associated with a rice Waxy gene exon 10 SNP marker SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Waxy gene; SNP; RVA; Oryza sativa ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; APPARENT AMYLOSE CONTENT; STARCH-SYNTHASE-IIA; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; NONWAXY RICE; GEL TEXTURE; COOKING PROPERTIES; MILLED RICE AB Apparent amylose content is a key element for characterizing a rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar for cooking quality. However, cultivars with similar apparent amylose content can have widely varying quality attributes, including major parameters of flour paste viscosity. It has been postulated that the presence of a rice Waxy gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker is associated with elevated Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) properties in specific high amylose rice cultivars. A mapping population derived from a cross between two varieties, Cocodrie and Dixiebelle, having similar high apparent amylose contents, but with different paste viscosity properties and Waxy gene markers was analyzed for the genetic segregation of various pasting properties, measured with RVA instrumentation. Marker inheritance analyses revealed that the Waxy exon 10 SNP marker was associated with the proportion of soluble to insoluble apparent amylose and most RVA pasting measurements. Waxy gene markers can be used to efficiently improve the selection of rice with desirable characteristics, particularly for superior parboiling and canning quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McClung, Anna M.; Fjellstrom, Robert] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Traore, Karim] Africa Rice Ctr AfricaRice, St Louis, Senegal. [McClung, Anna M.; Chen, Ming-Hsuan] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Fjellstrom, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM bob.fjellstrom@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 53 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.08.009 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 734AY UT WOS:000288306800006 ER PT J AU Hansen, CP Millspaugh, JJ Rumble, MA AF Hansen, Christopher P. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Rumble, Mark A. TI Occupancy Modeling of Ruffed Grouse in the Black Hills National Forest SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Black Hills National Forest; Bonasa umbellus; detection probability; drumming surveys; occupancy modeling; ruffed grouse ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DRUMMING SITES; SPOTTED OWLS; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA AB Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) are a popular game bird and the management indicator species for quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Black Hills National Forest (BHNF), which requires development of a robust monitoring protocol to evaluate trends in ruffed grouse populations. We used roadside drumming surveys in spring 2007 and 2008 to estimate ruffed grouse occupancy and detection probabilities in the BHNF while simultaneously assessing the influence of sampling and site covariates on these processes. Ruffed grouse occupancy estimates were constant between spring 2007 and 2008 (psi = 0.12, SE = 0.03) and were positively influenced by the amount of aspen surrounding the site. Detection probability estimates were constant between spring 2007 and 2008 (p = 0.27, SE = 0.06) and were influenced by survey date in a quadratic form and negatively influenced by wind speed and time of the survey. Collectively, our results demonstrated that ruffed grouse occupancy and detection probabilities in the BHNF were low. Occupancy could be increased by increasing the extent of aspen. To improve monitoring efficiency and maximize probability of detecting ruffed grouse, ruffed grouse monitoring should be conducted during the peak of drumming (mid-May), during favorable weather conditions such as low wind speeds and little precipitation, and during early morning, near sunrise. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hansen, Christopher P.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Hansen, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hansench@missouri.edu FU United States Forest Service, Rock Mountain Research Station, Rapid City, SD [05-JV-11221609-239]; United States Forest Service, Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks [W-75-R-49, AM4, 171]; University of Missouri FX We thank L. Benkobi, K. Burns, P. Christensen, A. Crosby, R. Crowhurst, S. Deisch, R. Everett, T. Juntti, C. Lehman, C. Mehls, A. Nolan, J. Shulz, C. Stanton, and M. Tarby for their assistance with fieldwork. S. Deisch, H. He, R. King, and M. Larson provided valuable input that greatly improved the quality of the study. We also thank R. Gitzen, F. Thompson, III, D. Turner, B. Collier, D. Stauffer, and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the United States Forest Service, Rock Mountain Research Station, Rapid City, SD (05-JV-11221609-239), United States Forest Service, Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks (grant no.: W-75-R-49, AM4 [under grant amendment no. 171]), and the University of Missouri. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200010 ER PT J AU Homan, HJ Stahl, RS Linz, GM AF Homan, H. Jeffrey Stahl, Randal S. Linz, George M. TI Comparing a Bioenergetics Model With Feeding Rates of Caged European Starlings SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; DRC-1339; European starlings; feeding trial; metabolic rate; Sturnus vulgaris; winter ID STURNUS-VULGARIS; SMALL BIRDS; ENERGETICS; CONSEQUENCES; METABOLISM; DRC-1339; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; FLIGHT; CYCLE AB We tested a bioenergetics model integrated within a mortality model that estimates numbers of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) poisoned with the avicide, Compound DRC-1339 Concentrate. The bioenergetics model predicted daily metabolic rate. Accuracy and reliability of this variable is critical because other algorithms (e.g., toxicity regressions, feeding behavior) in the mortality model depend on metabolic rate to calculate the amount of DRC-1339 ingested per bird. We tested the bioenergetics model by comparing its estimates of metabolic rate with those generated from measuring feeding rates of caged starlings during a feeding trial conducted outdoors during January 2008. Over the 12-day feeding trial, daily feeding rates of caged starlings indicated that metabolic rates ranged from 157 kJ/bird per day to 305 kJ/bird per day. The bioenergetics model predicted metabolic rates ranging from 208 kJ/bird per day to 274 kJ/bird per day. There was no difference between these 2 independently derived estimates of daily metabolic rate (paired t-test: t((11)) = 1.4, P = 0.18). Using 95% confidence intervals calculated from variation of feeding rates among cages (n = 4, 6 birds/cage), the bioenergetics model's estimates were within 95% confidence intervals on 9 of 12 days and greater than the upper 95% confidence interval on 3 days. Daily estimates of metabolic rate were directly correlated between the bioenergetics model and the feeding-rate model (r(12) = 0.57, P = 0.05). A broad range of temperatures (-17 degrees C to 14 degrees C), wind speeds (0-40 km/hr), and percent cloud cover (0-100%) were encountered during the feeding trial. The bioenergetics model's predictions appeared robust to varying meteorological conditions typical of winters in middle latitudes of the interior United States. Compound DRC-1339 Concentrate is used by USDA Wildlife Services to manage chronic infestations of starlings at livestock facilities, which occur mainly during fall and winter. Compared to other methods used for estimating DRC-1339 mortality (e.g., counting birds pre- and posttreatment), bioenergetics modeling should improve the mortality model's overall accuracy and precision. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Homan, H. Jeffrey; Linz, George M.] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Stahl, Randal S.] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Homan, HJ (reprint author), Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM jeffrey.h.homan@aphis.usda.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1002/jwmg.19 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200016 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JA McCleery, RA Schmidt, PM Silvy, NJ Lopez, RR AF Schmidt, Jason A. McCleery, Robert A. Schmidt, Paige M. Silvy, Nova J. Lopez, Roel R. TI Population Estimation and Monitoring of an Endangered Lagomorph SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; lagomorph; pellet count; population estimation; rabbit density; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri ID KEYS MARSH RABBIT; PELLET COUNTS; FLORIDA KEYS; DENSITY; HABITAT; PLOTS AB We conducted the most intensive estimate of the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) metapopulation to date using pellet surveys and capture-recapture methodology. We livetrapped 83 rabbits, evaluated 5 closed population models, and selected the model that best represented the data. We considered the variation in behavioral response model the best model and correlated (r(2) = 0.913) its patch population estimates to patch pellet densities. From the prediction equation, we generated a range-wide metapopulation estimate of 317 rabbits, a western clade population of 257 rabbits, an eastern clade population of 25 rabbits, and translocated marsh rabbit populations of 35 and zero on Little Pine and Water keys, respectively. A subset of patches whose marsh rabbit subpopulations were last estimated in 1993 exhibited a 46% decline in abundance over 15 yr. Due to the low estimate of the eastern clade population, special effort should be initiated to avoid loss of genetic diversity. The prediction equation suffers from limited data at high pellet densities, patches with >= 5 pellets/m(2). Future studies should investigate if the slope of the regression is indeed near 1 by sampling patches across the range of pellet densities, especially those with >= 5 pellets/m(2). The equation provides managers a quick, efficient, and noninvasive method to estimate marsh rabbit abundance from pellet counts but the confidence of predicted rabbit densities from high pellet density patches is low. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Schmidt, Jason A.; McCleery, Robert A.; Schmidt, Paige M.; Silvy, Nova J.; Lopez, Roel R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Schmidt, JA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM jasonalanschmidt@hotmail.com OI McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X FU United States Navy, Naval Air Station Key West, Boca Chica Key, Florida; USFWS-Ecological Services, Vero Beach, Florida; Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas FX Our research was funded by the United States Navy, Naval Air Station Key West, Boca Chica Key, Florida, the USFWS-Ecological Services, Vero Beach, Florida, and Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, with the assistance of E. Barham, G. Kenny, and P. Hughes. We gratefully acknowledge the USFWS, the United States Navy, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Monroe County PublicWorksDepartment, and the numerous landowners that granted access to their property. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1002/jwmg.17 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200020 ER PT J AU Coe, PK Johnson, BK Wisdom, MJ Cook, JG Vavra, M Nielson, RM AF Coe, Priscilla K. Johnson, Bruce K. Wisdom, Michael J. Cook, John G. Vavra, Martin Nielson, Ryan M. TI Validation of Elk Resource Selection Models With Spatially Independent Data SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; elk; habitat use; model validation; resource selection models ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; MULE DEER; HABITAT SELECTION; VEGETATION; NORTHWEST; OREGON; ENVIRONMENT; SYSTEM; CATTLE; SEASON AB Knowledge of how landscape features affect wildlife resource use is essential for informed management. Resource selection functions often are used to make and validate predictions about landscape use; however, resource selection functions are rarely validated with data from landscapes independent of those from which the models were built. This problem has severely limited the application of resource selection functions over larger geographic areas for widely distributed species. North American elk (Cervus elaphus) is an example of a widely-distributed species of keen interest to managers and for which validation of resource selection functions over large geographic areas is important. We evaluated the performance of resource selection functions developed for elk on one landscape in northeast Oregon with independent data from a different landscape in the same region. We compared predicted versus observed elk resource use for 9 monthly or seasonal periods across 3 yr. Results showed strong, positive agreement between predicted and observed use for 2 spring and 3 late summer-early fall models (3-yr r = 0.81-0.95). Predicted versus observed use was negatively or weakly positively correlated for 3 summer models and 1 mid-fall model (3-yr r = 0.57-0.14). Predicted and observed use correlated well when forage was limited ( spring and late summer or early fall), corresponding to important biological stages for elk (parturition and breeding seasons). For these seasonal periods, model covariates such as rate of motorized traffic and canopy closure often were effective predictors of elk resource selection. The models we validated for spring and late summer-early fall may be used to evaluate management activities in areas with similar landscape characteristics. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Coe, Priscilla K.; Johnson, Bruce K.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.; Vavra, Martin] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Cook, John G.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Nielson, Ryan M.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Coe, PK (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM pcoe@eou.edu FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project [W-87-R]; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Station; Oregon State University Research Foundation; Boise Cascade Corporation; Forest Capital Partners, Inc. FX We thank the Associate Editor, 2 anonymous reviewers L. McDonald and H. Sawyer for their helpful reviews, and R. Riggs, B. Kernohan, S. Dodson, D. Damarin, E. Darambazar, and D. Motanic for geographic information system and data support. Assistance with data analysis and analytical methods were provided by H. Beyer, N. Cimon, C. Erickson, M. Hansen, B. Huber, A. Rodgers, and G. Roloff. Financial and logistical support was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-87-R, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University Research Foundation, Boise Cascade Corporation, and Forest Capital Partners, Inc. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1002/jwmg.10 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200021 ER PT J AU Brinkman, TJ Person, DK Chapin, FS Smith, W Hundertmark, KJ AF Brinkman, Todd J. Person, David K. Chapin, F. Stuart, III Smith, Winston Hundertmark, Kris J. TI Estimating Abundance of Sitka Black-Tailed Deer Using DNA From Fecal Pellets SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; Alaska; density; DNA; fecal pellets; forest; logging; mark-recapture; Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis; Sitka black-tailed deer ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS-SITKENSIS; POPULATION-SIZE ESTIMATION; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; GENOTYPING ERROR; WESTERN HEMLOCK; PROGRAM MARK; FECES AB Densely vegetated environments have hindered collection of basic population parameters on forest-dwelling ungulates. Our objective was to develop a mark-recapture technique that used DNA from fecal pellets to overcome constraints associated with estimating abundance of ungulates in landscapes where direct observation is difficult. We tested our technique on Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in the temperate coastal rainforest of Southeast Alaska. During 2006-2008, we sampled fecal pellets of deer along trail transects in 3 intensively logged watersheds on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. We extracted DNA from the surface of fecal pellets and used microsatellite markers to identify individual deer. With genotypes of individual deer, we estimated abundance of deer with moderate precision (+/- 20%) using mark-recapture models. Combining all study sites, we identified a 30% (SE 5.1%) decline in abundance during our 3-year study, which we attributed to 3 consecutive severe winters. We determined that deer densities in managed land logged > 30 years ago (7 deer/km(2), SE = 1.3) supported fewer deer compared to both managed land logged < 30 years ago (10 deer/km(2), SE = 1.5) and unmanaged land (12 deer/km(2), SE = 1.4). Our study provides the first estimates of abundance (based on individually identified deer) for Sitka black-tailed deer and the first estimates of abundance of an unenclosed ungulate population using DNA from fecal pellets. Our tool enables managers to accurately and precisely estimate the abundance of deer in densely vegetated habitats using a non-invasive approach. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Brinkman, Todd J.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Hundertmark, Kris J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Hundertmark, Kris J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Person, David K.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. [Smith, Winston] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Brinkman, TJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tjbrinkman@alaska.edu RI Brinkman, Todd/B-3578-2013; OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; Alaska Trappers Association; IGERT [NSF 0114423]; Bonanza Creek LTER [NSF 0423442]; University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology FX We thank Hydaburg Cooperative Association for providing field assistance, especially J. Adams, A. Peratrovich, and T. Christianson. The Division of Wildlife Conservation of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the USDA Forest Service provided logistical support. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant (PNW01-JV11261952-231), Alaska Trappers Association, the Resilience and Adaptation Program (IGERT, NSF 0114423), the Bonanza Creek LTER (NSF 0423442), and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology. We thank K. Colson, R. Janzen, A. Nelson, N. Phillips, and N. Swensgard for data collection and analysis assistance. We thank M. Lindberg, A. Nelson, and 2 anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on earlier drafts of this study. NR 78 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1002/jwmg.22 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200029 ER PT J AU Garr, AL Acosta-Salmon, H Riche, M Davis, M Capo, TR Haley, D Tracy, P AF Garr, Amber L. Acosta-Salmon, Hector Riche, Marty Davis, Megan Capo, Thomas R. Haley, David Tracy, Patrick TI Growth and Survival of Juvenile Queen Conch Strombus gigas Fed Artificial Diets Containing Varying Levels of Digestible Protein and Energy SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AFRICAN ABALONE; HALIOTIS-TUBERCULATA L; DISCUS-HANNAI INO; GREENLIP ABALONE; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; LAEVIGATA; MACROALGAE; ASININA; MIDAE; FEED AB Aquaculture methods for queen conch Strombus gigas have been established for several decades. However, there is a need to improve husbandry techniques for the grow out of juveniles. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and survival of juvenile queen conchs fed artificial diets with increasing levels of a red alga Agardhiella sp. Agardhiella, soy protein isolate, and fish oil were increased at the expense of catfish feed, wheat flour, or both to keep the diets isonitrogenous (38% crude protein [CP]) with increasing protein to energy ratios (83-96 mg CP/kcal). Yttrium was also incorporated as an inert marker for determining the digestibility of dietary nutrients. Juvenile queen conchs were stocked at 75/m2 for a total of 16 conchs per replicate (three replicates) and were fed 125 mg of diet per conch each day for 6 months. Dietary crude protein ranged from 31% to 38%. The dietary lipid, moisture, energy, ash, fiber, carbohydrate, and yttrium in each diet were also determined. Juvenile conchs were measured (shell length and wet weight) every 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, feces were collected to determine protein, energy, and dry matter digestibility. Results indicated the highest growth rates (0.10 mm/d and 0.11 mm/d) and survival were for conchs that were fed diets containing a soy protein isolate protein substitution of 15% or less. This study highlights the importance of the protein source in the artificial diets of juvenile queen conchs. C1 [Garr, Amber L.; Acosta-Salmon, Hector; Davis, Megan] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Riche, Marty; Haley, David; Tracy, Patrick] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Capo, Thomas R.] Univ Miami Expt Hatchery, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Garr, AL (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM agarr1@hboi.fau.edu OI Acosta-Salmon, Hector/0000-0002-3266-9572 FU Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute; Herbert Hoover Foundation; National Institute of Health [RR10294] FX We thank Albert Boyd, Gretchen Kowalik, and Helen Lopez for their technical support. Caribsea, Inc., Fort Pierce, Florida, provided the sand substrate used in this experiment. This work was partly funded by a Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship to H. Acosta-Salmon. Additional support was provided by The Herbert Hoover Foundation and National Institute of Health grant (RR10294). This is Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University contribution 1812. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 AR PII 933053518 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.544619 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RM UT WOS:000288280500007 ER PT J AU Dunham, J Gallo, K Shively, D Allen, C Goehring, B AF Dunham, Jason Gallo, Kirsten Shively, Dan Allen, Chris Goehring, Brad TI Assessing the Feasibility of Native Fish Reintroductions: A Framework Applied to Threatened Bull Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; RIVER SYSTEM; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION; TRANSLOCATION; POPULATIONS; MONTANA; BIOLOGY; SIZE AB Translocations to recover native fishes have resulted in mixed success. One reason for the failure of these actions is inadequate assessments of their feasibility prior to implementation. Here, we provide a framework developed to assess the feasibility of one type of translocation-reintroduction. The framework was founded on two simple components of feasibility: the potential for recipient habitats to support a reintroduction and the potential of available donor populations to support a reintroduction. Within each component, we developed a series of key questions. The final assessment was based on a scoring system that incorporated consideration of uncertainty in available information. The result was a simple yet transparent system for assessing reintroduction feasibility that can be rapidly applied in practice. We applied this assessment framework to the potential reintroduction of threatened bull trout Salvelinus confluentus into the Clackamas River, Oregon. In this case, the assessment suggested that the degree of feasibility for reintroduction was high based on the potential of recipient habitats and available donor populations. The assessment did not provide a comprehensive treatment of all possible factors that would drive an actual decision to implement a reintroduction, but it did provide a fundamental level of feasibility assessment that is often lacking in practice. C1 [Dunham, Jason] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gallo, Kirsten] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Shively, Dan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sandy, OR 97055 USA. [Allen, Chris; Goehring, Brad] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. RP Dunham, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.559830 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RF UT WOS:000288279800012 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Horan, DL AF Isaak, Daniel J. Horan, Dona L. TI An Evaluation of Underwater Epoxies to Permanently Install Temperature Sensors in Mountain Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB Stream temperature regimes are of fundamental importance in understanding the patterns and processes in aquatic ecosystems, and inexpensive digital sensors provide accurate and repeated-measurements of temperature. Most temperature measurements in mountain streams are made only during summer months because of logistical constraints associated with stream access and concerns that large annual floods will destroy sensor installations. We assessed six underwater epoxies to determine whether sensors could be attached to large rocks already in streams to provide durable installations and whether temperature measurements would be biased by heat conduction through the rocks. Only one of the six test epoxies bonded the sensors firmly to rock surfaces in laboratory trials. In subsequent field trials, 9 of 11 sensors attached to rocks with this epoxy successfully weathered above-average floods in four Idaho and Nevada streams in 2010. Comparisons of daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures between rock-mounted sensors and control sensors at 10 rocks suggested temperature measurements were not biased by attachment to rocks. We also assessed the effect of direct sunlight on sensors by removing solar shields from some sensors and noted rapid and statistically significant increases in daily means (+0.21 degrees C) and maxima (+0.54 degrees C), but not minima (-0.01 degrees C). Use of underwater epoxy for permanent installation of temperature sensors in mountain streams is a viable technique if an appropriate epoxy is chosen, sensors are shielded from direct sunlight, and rocks large enough to withstand floods are used. Moreover, installations using epoxy are rapid (approximately 20 min), and firm attachments to rock surfaces over a range of stream temperatures (5-20 degrees C) are possible. C1 [Isaak, Daniel J.; Horan, Dona L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.561172 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RF UT WOS:000288279800015 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, Richard J. TI New Preparation of Diethyl Methylformyl-2-phosphonate Dimethylhydrazone: A Reagent for Aldehyde Homologation SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Aldehyde homologation; diethyl methylformyl-2-phosphonate dimethylhydrazone ID ACID AB The phosphonate reagent diethyl methylformyl-2-phosphonate dimethylhydrazone contains a protected aldehyde group instead of the usual ester group. It can be used for the two-carbon homologation of aldehydes to , -unsaturated aldehydes. The reagent can be prepared in good overall yield (82%) and purity by deprotection of commercially available diethyl-2,2-(diethoxy)ethylphosphonate with p-toluenesulfonic acid in 1.5% aqueous acetone to give diethyl formylmethyl-2-phosphonate, followed by a simple preparation of the dimethylhydrazone derivative with N,N-dimethylhydrazine. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Richard.Petroski@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 AR PII 931182840 DI 10.1080/00397910903531797 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 695QJ UT WOS:000285387400008 ER PT J AU Price, RR Johnson, RM Viator, RP Larsen, J Peters, A AF Price, R. R. Johnson, R. M. Viator, R. P. Larsen, J. Peters, A. TI FIBER OPTIC YIELD MONITOR FOR A SUGARCANE HARVESTER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE GPS; Mapping; Precision agriculture; Sugarcane; Yield monitor AB A fiber optic yield monitoring system was developed for a sugarcane chopper harvester that utilized a duty-cycle type approach with three fiber optic sensors mounted in the elevator floor to estimate sugarcane yield. Field testing of the monitor demonstrated that there was a zero intercept linear relationship between the optical sensor response and the actual sugarcane yields with an R(2) value of 0.98. The average observed prediction error on 0.5 to 1.6 Mg estimates was 7.5%; however, the magnitude of the error decreased as the harvested area (tonnage) increased, with an estimated error of 0.03% for 57.8 Mg loads. Factor testing indicated that the duty cycle reading was not affected by sugarcane variety, harvester speed, harvested distance, or direction of cut (lay of the sugarcane). Field testing across several locations in the U.S. totaled more than 557 h of operation and indicated that the system was robust, maintenance free, and self-cleaning, but some obstruction of the fiber optic sensors did occur in wet, muddy soils. These obstructions were minimized by relocating the fiber optics closer to the bottom of the elevator and leaving holes on each side of the sensors to enhance cleaning and scouring. This monitoring system compares well with all previously tested methods and is very durable and easy to install. C1 [Price, R. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Viator, R. P.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70361 USA. [Larsen, J.; Peters, A.] United States Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL USA. RP Price, RR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 148 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rrprice@ksu.edu FU USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Unit (Houma, La.); American Sugar Cane League (Thibodaux, La.); U.S. Sugar Corporation (Clewiston, Fla.); Ouachita Fertilizer (Alexandria, La.) FX The authors would like to thank the USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Unit (Houma, La.), the American Sugar Cane League (Thibodaux, La.), the U.S. Sugar Corporation (Clewiston, Fla.), and Ouachita Fertilizer (Alexandria, La.) for providing financial and facility use support for this project. The authors would also like to thank the harvester operators (Hubert Zeller and others) for their support and help during this project. Randy Price would like to thank his wife Laura and family for their support during this time. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600004 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Hoffmann, WC Bonds, JAS Farooq, M AF Fritz, B. K. Hoffmann, W. C. Bonds, J. A. S. Farooq, M. TI VOLUMETRIC COLLECTION EFFICIENCY AND DROPLET SIZING ACCURACY OF ROTARY IMPACTORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Collection efficiency; Droplet sizing; Rotary impactor; Spray collection; Spray sampler ID SPRAY; SAMPLERS AB Measurements of spray volume and droplet size are critical to evaluating the movement and transport of applied sprays associated with both crop production and protection practices and vector control applications for public health. Any sampling device used for this purpose will have an efficiency of collection that is a function of the sampling device itself the droplet size of the spray being sampled, and the airspeeds under which the sampling is conducted. This study focuses on two rotary impaction devices, the Hock and the FLB samplers, that were evaluated under two droplet sized sprays and four airspeeds. The collected spray concentrations were compared to standard passive samplers whose theoretical collection efficiency was calculated and used to estimate the actual spray volume sampled. Additionally, droplet sizing information derived from image analysis of droplet deposits on the rotary impactor collection surfaces was compared to actual measurements of droplet size of the sampled spray cloud. Generally, overall collection efficiencies ranged from 2.5% to 20%, with the FLB being more efficient than the Hock and with lower efficiencies at higher airspeeds for both samplers. Comparison of the droplet sizing data showed that the FLB sampler tended to underpredict the D(V10) and D(V50) data, while the Hock tended to overpredict the D(V50) and D(V90) data. C1 [Fritz, B. K.; Hoffmann, W. C.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Bonds, J. A. S.] Florida A&M Univ, Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr PHEREC, Panama City, FL USA. [Farooq, M.] Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM brad.fritz@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600007 ER PT J AU Pan, Z Khir, R Bett-Garber, KL Champagne, ET Thompson, JF Salim, A Hartsough, BR Mohamed, S AF Pan, Z. Khir, R. Bett-Garber, K. L. Champagne, E. T. Thompson, J. F. Salim, A. Hartsough, B. R. Mohamed, S. TI DRYING CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF ROUGH RICE UNDER INFRARED RADIATION HEATING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bed thickness; Drying; Infrared; Quality; Rough rice ID FINAL MOISTURE-CONTENT; COOKED RICE; MILLING QUALITY; TEXTURE AB Infrared (IR) radiation heating could provide a high heating rate and rapid moisture removal for rough rice drying. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the drying bed thickness on drying characteristics and quality of rough rice subjected to IR heating. Samples of freshly harvested medium grain rice (M202 variety) with 20.5% and 23.8% (w.b.) moisture contents were used for this study. They were dried with two different radiation intensities (4685 and 5348 W m(-2)) and exposure times of 15, 30, 40, 60, 90, and 120 s for each drying bed thickness. The three tested drying bed thicknesses were single layer, 5 mm, and 10 mm. After IR drying, the samples were tempered for 4 h followed by natural cooling. The drying rate, moisture removal, and temperature of the rice were determined. The rice temperatures after the IR heating were in the range of 35.9 degrees C to 71.4 degrees C. The heating and drying rates decreased with the increase of bed thickness. Up to 2.2% of moisture was removed during natural cooling after tempering, without additional energy input. IR heating under tested conditions did not have adverse effects on rice sensory and milling quality, including total rice yield, head rice yield, and degree of milling of the dried rice. We concluded that a high heating rate, fast drying, and good rice quality can be achieved by IR heating of rough rice to about 60 degrees C followed by tempering and natural cooling with a tested bed thickness up to 10 mm. C1 [Pan, Z.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Z.; Khir, R.; Thompson, J. F.; Hartsough, B. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Khir, R.; Salim, A.; Mohamed, S.] Suez Canal Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Engn, Ismailia, Egypt. [Bett-Garber, K. L.; Champagne, E. T.] ARS, USDA, SRRC Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Zhongli.Pan@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 FU California Rice Research Board FX The authors thank Ms. Jeanne Lea (USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center) and Farmer's Rice Cooperative for their technical assistance and support with rice samples and partial financial support from California Rice Research Board. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600021 ER PT J AU Parker, DB AF Parker, D. B. TI EFFECTIVENESS OF A MANURE SCRAPER SYSTEM FOR ODOR CONTROL IN TUNNEL-VENTILATED SWINE FINISHER BARNS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Flush; GC/MS; Odor; Scraper; Swine; VFA; VOC; Volatile organic compound ID MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; AMMONIA; EMISSIONS; AIR; BIOFILTRATION; COMPONENTS; REMOVAL; LAGOONS; WASTE AB Options for odor control from tunnel-ventilated swine barns are limited. Automated scrapers have proven successful for reducing odor at free-stall dairies and for reducing hydrogen sulfide at a research-scale swine facility, but their effectiveness for reducing odor in commercial tunnel-ventilated swine barns has never been evaluated. A research project was conducted to compare odor concentrations in exhaust of traditional flush barns and barns equipped with automated scrapers. The study was conducted at commercial tunnel-ventilated swine barns owned by Premium Standard Farms LLC in northwest Missouri. Odor samples were collected from the barn exhaust in Tedlar bags and analyzed by trained human panelists using triangular forced-choice olfactometry. Total reduced sulfur (TRS) concentrations were measured with a portable Jerome meter, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled in sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mean odor concentrations (dilutions to threshold, DT) were 75.6% lower in exhaust from scraper barns (DT = 941) than flush barns (DT = 3860) (p < 0.001). Mean recognition thresholds (RT) were 76.4% lower in exhaust from scraper barns (RT = 494) than flush barns (RT = 2095) (p < 0.001). TRS concentrations averaged 1.59 and 0.16 ppm in flush and scraper barns, respectively, for an 89.9% difference (p = 0.029). Hedonic tone and intensity were statistically similar for flush and scraper barns. Odor was positively correlated with TRS in flush barns, while in scraper barns odor was positively correlated with butyric acid, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole. Odor concentrations were significantly greater during flush than between flush events (p = 0.002), but there was no difference in mean odor concentrations during scrape and between scrape events (p = 0.20). These results show that scraper barns are a practical alternative for the control of odor emitted from tunnel-ventilated swine barns. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM david.parker@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 315 EP 324 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600033 ER PT J AU Way, TR Watts, DB Smith, KE Torbert, HA AF Way, T. R. Watts, D. B. Smith, K. E. Torbert, H. A. TI CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE GAS FLUX FROM SOIL FOLLOWING BAND APPLICATION OF MANURE OR FERTILIZER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Emissions; Fertilizers; Greenhouse gases; Manures ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; INJECTION AB Greenhouse gases are emitted following application of manure and nitrogen-containing fertilizers to soil. Manure and fertilizers are often applied in subsurface bands in the soil, or in bands on the soil surface. This article presents a method that has been developed for calculating the effective gas flux for a multiple-band area to which manure or fertilizer has been applied in bands. The method has been developed for circular and rectangular flux chambers. In analyzing the method, a combination of CO(2) gas fluxes from a field experiment that gave a relatively low whole-plot effective flux and a combination that gave a relatively high whole-plot effective flux were used. For the lower-end flux situation, when the dimension of the flux chamber in the direction perpendicular to the band is considerably less than the band spacing, if the flux in a chamber that is centered on a band is assumed to be the whole-plot effective flux, then this assumption would overestimate the actual whole-plot effective flux by a considerable amount. The error of this type of assumption is reduced for the higher-end flux situation, regardless of flux chamber dimensions, and is reduced when the lower-end flux situation occurs and the dimension of the flux chamber in the direction perpendicular to the band is intermediate to nearly as large as the band spacing. The method in useful in calculating effective gas fluxes for whole plots to which manure or fertilizer has been band-applied. C1 [Way, T. R.; Watts, D. B.; Torbert, H. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Smith, K. E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math Sci & Technol, Crookston, MN USA. RP Way, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tom.way@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600035 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Lan, Y Lacey, R Hoffmann, WC Westbrook, JK AF Zhang, H. Lan, Y. Lacey, R. Hoffmann, W. C. Westbrook, J. K. TI SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF NDVI READINGS WITH DIFFERENT SAMPLING DENSITIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE NDVI; Remote sensing; Spatial statistics; Variogram ID SOIL PROPERTIES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SPECTRAL RADIANCE; NITROGEN; CORN; VARIOGRAMS; REFLECTANCE; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; VEGETATION AB Advanced remote sensing technologies provide researchers an innovative way to collect spatial data in precision agriculture. Sensor information and spatial analysis together allow for a detailed understanding of the spatial complexity of a field and its crop. The objective of the study was to describe field variability in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and characterize the spatial structure of NDVI data by geostatistical variogram analysis. Data sets at three different sampling densities were investigated and compared to characterize NDVI variation within the specified study area. Variograms were computed by Matheron's method of moments (MoM) estimator and fitted by theoretical models. The fitted spherical model was determined to be the best model for the data analysis in the study. The range of spatial dependence of the NDVI data was 40 m for a sampling area of 4 m x 3 m. Knowing the amount of remotely sensed data needed to characterize the spatial variation of the field with NDVI allows us to save sampling costs and prescribe site-specific nitrogen and other agrichemical applications. C1 [Lan, Y.; Hoffmann, W. C.; Westbrook, J. K.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zhang, H.; Lacey, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Lan, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM yubin.lan@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600036 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Psychoudakis, D Brazee, RD Thistle, HW Volakis, JL AF Zhu, H. Psychoudakis, D. Brazee, R. D. Thistle, H. W. Volakis, J. L. TI CAPABILITY OF PATCH ANTENNAS IN A PORTABLE HARMONIC RADAR SYSTEM TO TRACK INSECTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Entomology; Instrumentation; Radio frequency; Transponder ID FLIGHT; TAGS; DESIGN AB Monitoring technologies are needed to track insects and gain a better understanding of their behavior, population, migration, and movement. A portable microwave harmonic-radar tracking system that utilizes antenna miniaturization techniques was investigated to achieve this goal. The system mainly consists of a compact radar unit, a hand-held transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) patch antenna array panel, and a passive radio frequency (RF) transponder. The system transmits a signal at 5.882 GHz and receives returned signals in the 11.764 GHz band. The RF transponder to be mounted on insects is a 9.63 mm x 9.63 mm flat plane weighing 6 mg. Tests were conducted to optimize the horizontal and vertical tracking ranges of the system by measurement of radio frequency signal strength from the transponder in open terrain, inside tree canopies, and underground at different tracking angles. In open terrain, a directional tracking range of over 60 m was achieved. However, obstructions from tree canopies and the high water content of leaves severely weakened the microwave signal strength and restricted the tracking range to below 20 m. To obtain maximum signal strength, the Tx/Rx antenna panel and the transponder must be in a mutually clear line of sight and their angles must be maintained within a 10 degrees range. However, the use of harmonic radar technology to develop a portable tracking system with a small insect-borne transponder currently poses insurmountable challenges for antenna design due to the very stringent requirements to accommodate the tracking range, the transponder size and mass, and the methods used to attach the transponders to insects. C1 [Zhu, H.; Brazee, R. D.] ARS, USDA, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Psychoudakis, D.; Volakis, J. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, FHTET, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-FS-FHTET FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Barry Nudd and Kellen Reusser for their technical assistance and preparation of experiments for this project. We also thank the USDA-FS-FHTET for their support of this project. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600037 ER PT J AU Kuchboev, AE Hoberg, EP AF Kuchboev, Abdurakhim Ergashevich Hoberg, Eric P. TI Morphological and ultrastructural changes in tissues of intermediate and definitive hosts infected by Protostrongylidae SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Protostrongylidae; Xeropicta candacharica; Ovis aries; mollusk tissue; tissue of sheep lung; ultrastructure ID UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS; NEMATODA-PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; PATHOLOGY; MUSKOXEN AB Cellular and subcellular mechanisms involved in tissue responses to larval and adult lungworms (Protostrongylidae) were respectively explored through experimental and natural infections in molluscan intermediate (Xeropicta candacharica) and ruminant definitive hosts (Ovis aries). Reaction to developing larval stages in the gastropod is manifested as cellular infiltration involving lymphocytes and macrophages into the infected tissue, which restricts damage and may result in destruction and elimination of parasites from the intermediate host. Variations in the patterns of localization for infective third-stage larvae in the foot tissue of the intermediate host are described. In the definitive host, evaluation of lung tissue by histology and transmission electron microscopy revealed the activation of lymphocytic and monocytic-macrophage systems. An intensive fibroblastic reaction in the lung parenchyma results in formation of connective-tissue capsules around helminths and more broadly demarcates zones of infected tissue. C1 [Kuchboev, Abdurakhim Ergashevich] Uzbek Acad Sci, Parasitol Lab, Inst Zool, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuchboev, AE (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, Parasitol Lab, Inst Zool, A Niyazov St 1, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan. EM krakhim@uzsci.net FU US Department of Agriculture [PP-114]; Uzbek Academy of Sciences [PP-114] FX Research was conducted under a Partner Project Grant, PP-114 administered through the Science and Technology Center of the Ukraine (SCTU), representing a cooperative program between the US Department of Agriculture and the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. Aspects of the work represent collaboration between the Institute of Zoology of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences and the US National Parasite Collection, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. AK gratefully acknowledges Professor K.R. Rakhimov at the Medical Academy of Tashkent for assistance and helpful advice during the course of these studies, as well as technical assistance provided by the staff of the Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Zoology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-0179 J9 TURK J ZOOL JI Turk. J. Zool. PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.3906/zoo-0903-8 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733BR UT WOS:000288235900001 ER PT J AU Shufran, KA Puterka, GJ AF Shufran, Kevin A. Puterka, Gary J. TI DNA Barcoding to Identify All Life Stages of Holocyclic Cereal Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Wheat and Other Poaceae SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE holocyclic reproduction; DNA barcoding; Diuraphis; Schizaphis; aphid ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; DIURAPHIS; POPULATIONS; HOMOPTERA; KEY; IDENTIFICATION; BIOTYPES AB The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced in eight holocyclic monoecious aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) that occur on wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; oat, Avena sativa L.; and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in the United States. The first 640 bp of the 5' end were considered as a DNA barcoding technique for species identification. DNA barcoding successfully differentiated Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Diruaphis noxia (Kurdjumov), Diruaphis tritici (Gillette), Diruaphis frequens (Walker), Diruaphis mexicana (McVicar Baker), Sipha flava (Forbes), Sipha elegans del Guercio, and Sitobion avenae (F.). In addition to the above-mentioned monoecious species, the common cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were included and successfully differentiated. DNA barcoding is a reliable alternative to traditional morphology in the identification of cereal aphids and their various life stages and morphs, including eggs. The application of DNA barcoding to aphid eggs found on grasses will be able to confirm whether D. noxia is now reproducing sexually in the United States after 20 yr of asexual reproduction. C1 [Shufran, Kevin A.; Puterka, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Shufran, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM kevin.shufran@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1603/AN10129 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 717AY UT WOS:000287015800005 ER PT J AU Rohrig, E Shirk, PD Hall, DG Stansly, PA AF Rohrig, Eric Shirk, Paul D. Hall, David G. Stansly, Philip A. TI Larval Development of Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an Endoparasitoid of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; Huanglongbing; citrus greening disease; anal secretions ID ANAL VESICLE; PARASITOIDS; EULOPHIDAE; HOMOPTERA; BACTERIUM; INSECTS; DISEASE; BIOLOGY; FLORIDA; HOST AB The koinobiont endoparasitoid Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an imported biological control agent being released in Florida against the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The eggs and early larvae were found free floating within the hemocoel. Larvae were soft bodied with no observable hairs, bristles, or external appendages, such as anal vesicles, in any instar. By the third instar, larvae had begun attaching to nymphal tissues by anal secretions that provided a means of orienting within the host nymph. The penultimate and last-instar larvae were found with their posterior anchored in the head-thoracic region of the host with their head oriented toward the posterior of the host nymph. Before the beginning of the prepupal stage, the host nymph was turned into a mummy and glued to a plant surface, apparently requiring some secretions from the wasp larva. Development from oviposition to adult eclosion of D. aligarhensis took approximate to 16 d at 25 degrees C when oviposition occurred in second-through early fourth-instar nymphs, although this time was shortened by 4 d (25%) when the wasps oviposited in mid-fourth-instar D. citri nymphs. This reduction in developmental time did not affect wasp fertility or life span and may offer a significant approach to improved rearing of this wasp for augmentative releases to control the Asian citrus psyllid. C1 [Rohrig, Eric] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rohrig, Eric; Shirk, Paul D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Stansly, Philip A.] Univ Florida IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Rohrig, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM eric.rohrig@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Committee FX We thank James J. Becnel for assistance in preparing the scanning electron microscope images. Funding for this work was provided by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Committee (to P.A.S. and D.G.H.). NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1603/AN10103 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 717AY UT WOS:000287015800007 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. TI Artificial Selection for Developmental Rates in Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Implications on the Design of Feeding Studies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; larval development; protogyny ID HOST STRAINS; BERMUDAGRASS RESISTANCE; GRASS; SURVIVAL; LARVAE; CORN AB The understanding of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), physiology has frequently suffered from discrepancies between different studies. One potential source of error is the assumption that laboratory colonies are sufficiently representative of wild populations that their biological parameters can be generalized. This is unlikely to be valid if the phenotype in question exhibits extensive genetic variation in the natural population, in which case laboratory lines can only be expected to contain a subset of the relevant genotypes. Here, I investigated whether this is a concern for experiments measuring larval developmental rate, a parameter frequently used to assess the relative resistance of different plant lines to fall armyworm herbivory. To estimate the genetic variation in this phenotype a simple selection experiment was performed to determine whether significantly different developmental rates could be isolated from inbred laboratory colonies representing the fall armyworm subgroup (rice-strain) that is the primary pest of pasture grasses. The results indicate that a strong genetic component influences larval development. Therefore, the average larval duration of the test population for a given treatment will depend on its genotypic composition that could vary significantly with different colonies. The implications of these findings on designing and evaluating feeding studies for fall armyworm are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1603/AN10110 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 717AY UT WOS:000287015800012 ER PT J AU Liu, YC Shumway, CR Rosenman, R Ball, VE AF Liu, Yucan Shumway, C. Richard Rosenman, Robert Ball, Virgil Eldon TI Productivity growth and convergence in US agriculture: new cointegration panel data results SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID FARM SIZE; HETEROGENEOUS PANELS; INDUCED INNOVATION; TESTS; SPILLOVERS; COUNTRIES; SECTOR; MODEL AB Dynamic effects of health and inter-state and inter-industry knowledge spillovers, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth and convergence in US agriculture are examined using recently developed procedures for panel data and a growth accounting model. Strong evidence is found to support the hypothesis that TFP converges to a steady state. Health care supply in rural areas and research spillovers from other states and from nonagricultural sectors are found to have significant impacts on the productivity growth rate in both the short and the long run. These results suggest a richer set of opportunities for policy makers to enhance productivity growth than previously considered. C1 [Liu, Yucan; Shumway, C. Richard; Rosenman, Robert] Washington State Univ, Sch Econ Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ball, Virgil Eldon] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Shumway, CR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Econ Sci, Hulbert 103C, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM shumway@wsu.edu RI Shumway, C/A-9495-2009 NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1080/00036840802389087 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 712AC UT WOS:000286633200006 ER PT J AU Mathur, PK Kumar, H Lehmkuhl, JF Tripathi, A Sawarkar, VB De, R AF Mathur, Pradeep K. Kumar, Harish Lehmkuhl, John F. Tripathi, Anshuman Sawarkar, Vishwas B. De, Rupak TI Mammal indicator species for protected areas and managed forests in a landscape conservation area of northern India SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Grasslands; India; Indicator species; Managed forests; Monitoring; Protected areas; Sal forest ID MAINTAINING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; BARDIA-WILDLIFE-RESERVE; COARSE-FILTER APPROACH; CHITWAN-NATIONAL-PARK; GIR-LION-SANCTUARY; ECOLOGICAL SURVEY; NEPAL; DEER; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB There is a realization that managed forests and other natural areas in the landscape matrix can and must make significant contributions to biodiversity conservation. Often, however, there are no consistent baseline vegetation or wildlife data for assessing the status of biodiversity elements across protected and managed areas for conservation planning, nor is there a rapid and efficient means to acquire those data. We used a unified vegetation classification and simple animal sampling design to describe the patterns of abundance of selected mammals as indicator, or characteristic, species in different vegetation types and protected areas vs. managed forest units in the Terai Conservation Area (TCA) in northern Uttar Pradesh state, India. We quantified the relative abundance of 15 mammals of conservation concern from dung counts in vegetation sampling plots within 122 sample patches in 13 vegetation types and 4 management units. Assemblages of species differed both among vegetation types and among management units. Species assemblages in the two protected areas differed strongly from those in two managed forests. Grasslands in protected areas were the most species diverse among vegetation types and had several indicator species. Protected forests were dominated by chital (Axis axis) and nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in a second species group. A third species group in open grasslands and savannas in managed forests was characterized by cattle (Bos taurus) and Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis). Protected areas clearly are the core conservation area of the TCA for their relatively high habitat value and species diversity, and their protected status minimizes human disturbance. Impacts of human use are high in managed forests, indicating their compromised value for biodiversity conservation. Our simple assessment methodology gives managers a simple way to assess the status of important mammals across landscape conservation units. C1 [Mathur, Pradeep K.; Kumar, Harish; Tripathi, Anshuman; Sawarkar, Vishwas B.] Wildlife Inst India, Dept Landscape Level Planning & Management, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttarakhand, India. [Lehmkuhl, John F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [De, Rupak] Uttar Pradesh Forest Dept, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Mathur, PK (reprint author), Wildlife Inst India, Dept Landscape Level Planning & Management, Post Box 18, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttarakhand, India. EM mathurpk@wii.gov.in; jlehmkuhl@fs.fed.us; rupakde@rediffmail.com FU US Dept. of Agriculture, Far Eastern Regional Research Office (FERRO) of the U.S. Embassy, New Delhi [FG-In-780 (In-FS-120)] FX This study was part of a major collaborative project between the Wildlife Institute of India and the USDA Forest Service. Financial support [Grant No. FG-In-780 (In-FS-120)] received from the US Dept. of Agriculture, Far Eastern Regional Research Office (FERRO) of the U.S. Embassy, New Delhi, is acknowledged. We gratefully acknowledge encouragement and support received from Dr. James R. Stevenson, Mr. G.K. Gupta and Mrs. Usha Kapur of FERRO. We are also grateful to Mr. P.R. Sinha, Director, WII; Chief Wildlife Warden, Uttar Pradesh; and Field Director, Dudwa Tiger Reserve for administrative support and field logistics. We thank all other team members and collaborators of the project for their valuable inputs at various stages. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s10531-010-9851-8 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716SB UT WOS:000286992700001 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Chen, DJ AF Inglett, George E. Chen, Diejun TI Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Air-Classified Corn Bran SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CEREAL DIETARY FIBER; FERULIC ACID; CAPACITY; FRACTIONS; COMPONENTS; EXTRACTION; VEGETABLES; PRODUCTS; HEALTH; GRAINS AB The effectiveness of extracting free and bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities from air-classified corn bran was evaluated by various extracting methods. Free phenolic contents and antioxidant activities decreased significantly with increasing particle sizes for all methods used in the study. Also, the oil, protein, and ash contents were noticeably decreased with increasing particle sizes. By contrast, bound phenolic content and antioxidant activities increased with increasing particle sizes. Free phenolic contents were much lower than those of bound phenolic contents for the same fraction. The free antioxidant activities were similar to bound antioxidant activities for the same fraction. It suggests that phenolic compounds may not exhibit antioxidant activity, and some antioxidant activities were not extractable or released during alkaline extraction. Considerable higher free antioxidant activities were found in both direct and double extractions when compared to the single neutral extraction using samples <30 mu m. Similar free antioxidant activities were observed for directed extraction and double extraction. For corn bran fractions, the direct method may be suitable for free phenolic content and antioxidant activity, while the sequential method may be proper for bound phenolic content and antioxidant activity. C1 [Inglett, George E.; Chen, Diejun] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM george.inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-07-10-0104 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727EZ UT WOS:000287781700007 ER PT J AU Peiris, KHS Dowell, FE AF Peiris, K. H. S. Dowell, F. E. TI Determining Weight and Moisture Properties of Sound and Fusarium-Damaged Single Wheat Kernels by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; PREDICTION; SCAB AB Single kernel moisture content (MC) is important in the measurement of other quality traits in single kernels because many traits are expressed on a dry weight basis. MC also affects viability, storage quality, and price. Also, if near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is used to measure grain traits, the influence of water must be accounted for because water is a strong absorber throughout the NIR region. The feasibility of measurement of MC, fresh weight, dry weight, and water mass of single wheat kernels with or without Fusarium damage was investigated using two wheat cultivars with three visually selected classes of kernels with Fusarium damage and a range of MC. Calibration models were developed either from all kernel classes or from only undamaged kernels of one cultivar that were then validated using all spectra of the other cultivar. A calibration model developed for MC when using all kernels from the wheat cultivar Jagalene had a coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.77 and standard error of cross validation (SECV) of 1.03%. This model predicted the MC of the wheat cultivar 2137 with R(2) of 0.81 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.02% and RPD of 2.2. Calibration models developed using all kernels from both cultivars predicted MC, fresh weight, dry weight, or water mass in kernels better than models that used only undamaged kernels from both cultivars. Single kernel water mass was more accurately estimated using the actual fresh weight of kernels and MC predicted by calibrations that used all kernels or undamaged kernels. The necessity for evaluating and expressing constituent levels in single kernels on a mass/kernel basis rather than a percentage basis was elaborated. The need to overcome the effects of kernel size and water mass on single kernel spectra before using in calibration model development was also high-lighted. C1 [Dowell, F. E.] USDA ARS, CGAHR Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Peiris, K. H. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Eng, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, CGAHR Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. EM Floyd.Dowell@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-04-10-0067 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727EZ UT WOS:000287781700009 ER PT J AU Guraya, HS AF Guraya, Harmeet S. TI Effect of Flour-Blasting Brown Rice on Reduction of Cooking Time and Resulting Texture SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRAN OIL; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; CHOLESTEROL; HAMSTERS AB Long-grain nonparboiled, long-grain parboiled, and American basmati-type brown rice were bombarded with parboiled rice flour particles to create microperforations on the water-resistant outer layer of the kernels. These microperforations in the treated rice significantly increased the rate of hydration. Optimum conditions to produce microperforations without removal of the bran included air pressure maintained at 413 kPa and a parboiled rice flour average particle size of 124 mu m. The optimum blasting time was 40-60 sec, depending on the type of rice. The relative hardness of the fully cooked flour-blasted rice was the same at half the cooking time of the untreated brown rice but % water absorption of the untreated flour-blasted brown rice was higher because it required longer time to cook. Overall, untreated brown rice was approximate to 4.7% higher in % water absorption due to longer cooking time in comparison with the treated counterpart. The blasting treatment resulted in shorter cooking time and firmer and less gummy cooked rice as compared to freshly cooked untreated brown rice. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Guraya, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM harmeet.guraya@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-10-09-0131 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727EZ UT WOS:000287781700010 ER PT J AU Guraya, HS Patindol, JA AF Guraya, Harmeet S. Patindol, James A. TI Storage Stability of Flour-Blasted Brown Rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FREE FATTY-ACID; MILLED RICE; BRAN AB Brown rice was blasted with rice flour rather than sand in a sand blaster to make microperforations so that water could easily penetrate the brown rice endosperm and cook the rice in a shorter time. The flour-blasted American Basmati brown rice, long-grain brown rice, and parboiled long-grain brown rice samples were stored in Ziploc storage bags under atmospheric conditions and in vacuum-packed bags. They were periodically tested for over 10 months for changes in water absorption, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (POV), viscosity changes of flour using the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA), and texture of whole cooked kernel using a texture analyzer during cooking. Flour-blasted brown rice absorbed less water but needed less cooking time than its counterpart that was not flour-blasted. There was an increase in FFA, POV, peak viscosity (PV), final viscosity (FV), breakdown viscosity (BD), and setback viscosity (SB) during storage of flour-blasted brown rice for 300 days, but no change was observed in texture (hardness, gumminess) and water absorption. The combined coefficient of correlation (including all types of rice) between FFA and FV is r = 0.86 and between FFA and SB is r = 0.90 at P < 0.0001. C1 [Guraya, Harmeet S.; Patindol, James A.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Guraya, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM Harmeet.Guraya@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-10-09-0132 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727EZ UT WOS:000287781700011 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Seabourn, B Chen, YHR Blechl, AE AF Graybosch, Robert A. Seabourn, Bradford Chen, Yuanhong R. Blechl, Ann E. TI Quality and Agronomic Effects of Three High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Transgenic Events in Winter Wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HMW SUBUNIT; TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; MIXING PROPERTIES; BAKING PROPERTIES; STORAGE PROTEINS; GENE; LINES AB Quality and agronomic effects of three transgenic high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) events were characterized in advanced-generation breeding lines of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three Nebraska crop years. Two of the transgenic events studied, Dy10-E and B52a-6, overexpress HMW-GS 1Dy10, while the third event, Dx5 +Dy10-H, overexpresses HMW-GS 1Dx5 and, to a much lesser extent, 1Dy10. In addition, novel proteins possessing solubility characteristics defined as HMW-GS were present in Dx5+Dy10-H and B52a-6. Average grain yield of lines derived from the three transgenic events was statistically lower than that of a group of control cultivars and advanced breeding lines, but not lower than the mean values of respective nontransgenic siblings. Grain hardness was influenced by one of the events. Dx5+Dy10-H produced harder kernels than controls, its nontransgenic siblings, and the two additional transgenic events. All three events produced doughs with unusual mixing properties, although not likely to be directly useful in commercial applications. As a consequence, loaf volumes were depressed to variable degrees by the three events. The results indicated that overexpression of HMW-GS could eventually lead to improved breadmaking quality by optimizing the level of overexpression or by development and characterization of additional events. C1 [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford; Chen, Yuanhong R.] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS USA. [Blechl, Ann E.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-08-10-0121 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727EZ UT WOS:000287781700016 ER PT J AU Sandhu, HPS Manthey, FA Simsek, S Ohm, JB AF Sandhu, Harkanwal P. S. Manthey, Frank A. Simsek, Senay Ohm, Jae-Bom TI Comparison Between Potassium Bromate and Ozone as Flour Oxidants in Breadmaking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLUTENIN SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; INORGANIC OXIDIZING-AGENTS; GRAIN-PROTEIN COMPOSITION; IN-VITRO POLYMERIZATION; SIZE-EXCLUSION HPLC; STATISTICAL CORRELATIONS; QUALITY ATTRIBUTES; RENAL CARCINOGEN; WHEAT AB The objective of this research was to compare the efficacy of potassium bromate with that of ozone treatment in wheat flour oxidation for breadmaking. In the first experiment, flour was treated with ozone at 1,500 ppm for 2, 4.5, 9, and 18 min. In the second experiment, flour was fully treated with ozone at 1,500 ppm for 45 min and then blended with control flour at concentrations of 10-30% (w/w). Flour became whiter and less yellow as ozonation time increased when compared to control flour. Size-exclusion HPLC detected an increase in SDS buffer insoluble polymeric proteins in flour exposed to ozone. Bread made from flour treated with ozone for 2-4.5 min and bread that was made from flour blended with fully zonated flour at 5 and 10% (w/w) was not significantly different for specific volume when compared with bread made with flour containing potassium bromate. Bread made from flour treated with ozone for 2, 4.5, and 9 min had a greater number of cells in crumb with larger loaf volumes than control flour. Results indicate that ozone treatment of flour could eliminate the need for potassium bromate in breadmaking. C1 [Sandhu, Harkanwal P. S.; Manthey, Frank A.; Simsek, Senay] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Ohm, Jae-Bom] USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Sandhu, HPS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM harkanwal.sandhu@gmail.com FU USDA National Research Initiative Food Safety [2005-35201-16667]; North Dakota Wheat Commission; North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; CRIS [5442-43440-008-00D] FX Research was funded in part by the USDA National Research Initiative Food Safety nr 2005-35201-16667, North Dakota Wheat Commission, and North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. The work was performed at Hard Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, supported by CRIS Project No. 5442-43440-008-00D. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-06-10-0085 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727EZ UT WOS:000287781700017 ER PT J AU Myer, R Blount, A Coleman, S Carter, J AF Myer, Robert Blount, Ann Coleman, Samuel Carter, Jeffery TI Forage Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Bahiagrass Selections during Autumn in Florida SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bahiagrass; composition; forage; Paspalum notatum; quality ID RESTRICTED PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS; PROTEIN; YIELDS AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is the major pasture forage in the southern Gulf Coast, USA. A bahiagrass selection breeding program has been ongoing since 1960 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, Georgia, USA, to increase forage yield in Pensacola (P. notatum var. sanese) bahiagrass. However, the impact of selecting for forage yield on forage nutritional quality is unknown. Forage quality was evaluated on four Pensacola derived selection cycles (C) of bahiagrass [C0 (Pensacola), C4, C9 (Tifton 9), and C23]. A total of 175 plants per cycle were grown. Forage from individual 1-year-old plants was harvested by hand on 3 October and again on 15 November 2000. The samples were dried, ground, and analyzed using internally calibrated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for dry matter (DM), in vitro-digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP). Cycle means (g kg-1 DM basis combined over both harvest dates) for IVDOM, NDF, and CP were 497, 810, and 142; 503, 797, and 137; 528, 787, and 132; and 520, 785, and 129 for C0, C4, C9, and C23, respectively. The average IVDOM of C4 was greater than for C0 (P = 0.03) and that for C9 was greater than for C4 (P 0.001). Results indicated that forage quality also increased with advancing selection cycles for increasing yield. C1 [Myer, Robert; Blount, Ann; Carter, Jeffery] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 34601 USA. [Coleman, Samuel] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. RP Myer, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 34601 USA. EM bmyer@ufl.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2011 VL 42 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 AR PII 932983984 DI 10.1080/00103624.2011.535067 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 715MZ UT WOS:000286889900005 ER PT J AU Sharpley, A McDowell, R Moyer, B Littlejohn, R AF Sharpley, Andrew McDowell, Richard Moyer, Bart Littlejohn, Roger TI Land Application of Manure Can Influence Earthworm Activity and Soil Phosphorus Distribution SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; soil fertility ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; AGROECOSYSTEMS; MACROPORES; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS; RELEASE; CARBON AB Earthworms can influence incorporation of animal manures and composts into the soil. As this activity can decrease the potential for phosphorus (P) loss in runoff and increase plant nutrient availability, we evaluated the effect of manure application on earthworm activity. Earthworm activity (as indicated by surface casts of Lumbricus terrestris) and soil P distribution were determined as a function of superphosphate, manure, and compost (dairy and poultry) applied at rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg P ha-1 yr-1. Surface earthworm cast production was greatest in the wet and warm months of May to July. For instance, average annual cast production was 24,520 and 13,760 kg ha-1 with respective applications of dairy manure and compost (100 kg P ha-1) compared with 9,090 kg ha-1 when superphosphate was added. This increased activity was accompanied by lower Mehlich 3 P (130 mg kg-1) at the surface (0-5 cm) of soils treated with 100 kg P ha-1 yr-1 dairy manure than those treated with superphosphate (210 mg kg-1) but greater concentrations at 5 to 10 cm deep (95 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively). While there may have been greater downward movement of organic P added in manure and compost, the stimulation of L. terrestris activity by application of manure or compost has the potential to redistribute surface-applied P within the soil profile to a greater extent than when equivalent applications of P are made in the form of inorganic fertilizer. C1 [Sharpley, Andrew] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [McDowell, Richard; Littlejohn, Roger] AgRes, Invermay Agr Res Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Moyer, Bart] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst andWatershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Sharpley@uark.edu OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2011 VL 42 IS 2 BP 194 EP 207 AR PII 932984016 DI 10.1080/00103624.2011.535070 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 715MZ UT WOS:000286889900008 ER PT J AU Thomas, DS Butry, DT Prestemon, JP AF Thomas, Douglas S. Butry, David T. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. TI Enticing Arsonists with Broken Windows and Social Disorder SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Broken Windows; Arson; Social disorder; Wildland-urban interface ID CRIME; TIME AB In criminology, it is well understood that indicators of urban decay, such as abandoned buildings littered with broken windows, provide criminals with signals identifying neighborhoods with lower crime detection and apprehension rates than better maintained neighborhoods. Whether it is the resident population's sense of apathy, lack of civic pride, or fear of confrontation that causes criminals to perceive an easy mark, it nevertheless emboldens them to strike. Previous research of wildland arson hints that broken windows (e.g., areas of criminal activity) are partly responsible for arson outbreaks within the wildland-urban interface. We model the incidence of wildland and non-wildland arson ignitions in Michigan from 2001 to 2005 as a function of constructed Broken Windows indices. Our results suggest that crime prevention and urban revitalization programs may be as valuable as fire suppression, fuels management, and law enforcement in limiting incidence and the damage from both wildland and non-wildland arson. C1 [Thomas, Douglas S.; Butry, David T.] NIST, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 255 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0145-1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 702EY UT WOS:000285878600009 ER PT J AU Krueger, E Prior, SA Kurtener, D Rogers, HH Runion, GB AF Krueger, E. Prior, S. A. Kurtener, D. Rogers, H. H. Runion, G. B. TI Characterizing root distribution with adaptive neuro-fuzzy analysis SO INTERNATIONAL AGROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fuzzy logic; roots; potato ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT AB Root-soil relationships are pivotal to understanding crop growth and function in a changing environment. Plant root systems are difficult to measure and remain understudied relative to above ground responses. High variation among field samples often leads to non-significance when standard statistics are employed. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been applied in many agricultural and environmental fields and may represent a viable means for dealing with complexities of root distribution in soil. We applied this method to vertical and horizontal root distribution data collected from a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping system grown under ambient and elevated levels of atmospheric CO(2). The lack of a CO(2) effect on root length or dry mass densities was most likely due to the low growing season temperature limiting root growth in this subarctic system. At all CO(2) levels, potato roots were concentrated near row centre, particularly in the upper soil profile. Simulations indicated that ANFIS gave plausible results, indicating it offers a viable alternative to more traditional statistical techniques for evaluation of complex root distribution patterns. C1 [Krueger, E.; Kurtener, D.] Agrophys Res Inst, St Petersburg 195220, Russia. [Prior, S. A.; Rogers, H. H.; Runion, G. B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Krueger, E (reprint author), Agrophys Res Inst, Grazhdansky Pr 14, St Petersburg 195220, Russia. EM steve.prior@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI LUBLIN PA INST AGROPHYSICS, DOSWIADCZALNA 4, LUBLIN, 20-290, POLAND SN 0236-8722 J9 INT AGROPHYS JI Int. Agrophys. PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 730AG UT WOS:000287995200014 ER PT J AU Hodges, RJ Buzby, JC Bennett, B AF Hodges, R. J. Buzby, J. C. Bennett, B. TI Postharvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This review compares and contrasts postharvest food losses (PHLs) and waste in developed countries (especially the USA and the UK) with those in less developed countries (LDCs), especially the case of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing food losses oilers an important way of increasing food availability without requiring additional production resources, and in LDCs it can contribute to rural development and poverty reduction by improving agribusiness livelihoods. The critical factors governing PHLs and food waste are mostly after the farm gate in developed countries but before the farm gate in LDCs. In the foreseeable future (e.g. up to 2030), the main drivers for reducing PHLs differ: in the developed world, they include consumer education campaigns, carefully targeted taxation and private and public sector partnerships sharing the responsibility for loss reduction. The LDCs' drivers include more widespread education of farmers in the causes of PHLs; better infrastructure to connect smallholders to markets; more effective value chains that provide sufficient financial incentives at the producer level; opportunities to adopt collective marketing and better technologies supported by access to microcredit; and the public and private sectors sharing the investment costs and risks in market-orientated interventions. C1 [Hodges, R. J.; Bennett, B.] Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. [Buzby, J. C.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Hodges, RJ (reprint author), Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. EM R.J.Hodges@gre.ac.uk OI Bennett, Ben/0000-0003-3260-3212 NR 27 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 8 U2 73 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PY 2011 VL 149 SU 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1017/S0021859610000936 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 729WY UT WOS:000287986100005 ER PT J AU Mortimer, MJ Stern, MJ Malmsheimer, RW Blahna, DJ Cerveny, LK Seesholtz, DN AF Mortimer, Michael J. Stern, Marc J. Malmsheimer, Robert W. Blahna, Dale J. Cerveny, Lee K. Seesholtz, David N. TI Environmental and Social Risks: Defensive National Environmental Policy Act in the US Forest Service SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE US Forest Service; National Environmental Policy Act; risk; environmental impact statement; environmental assessment; decisionmaking; litigation ID MANAGEMENT DECISIONS; IMPACT STATEMENTS; QUALITY; LAND AB The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and its accompanying regulations provide a spectrum of alternative analytical pathways for federal agencies proposing major actions that might significantly impact the human environment. Although guidance from the President's Council on Environmental Quality suggests the decision to develop an environmental impact statement (EIS), which requires the most rigorous level of analysis, should be based on the likelihood of significant environmental impacts, findings from an Internet survey with US Forest Service project leaders suggest that the decision may more commonly be. based on process-related risks, including the threat of litigation, perceived defensibility in court, and the level of public and political interest in the agency's proposed action. An analysis of judicial decisions in NEPA-related litigation reveals that EISs do not appear to be more defensible than environmental assessments in the courts, suggesting that current decisionmaking about NEPA documentation may be misguided, leading to unnecessary project expenditures and delays. C1 [Mortimer, Michael J.] Virginia Tech, No Virginia Ctr, Nat Resource Grad Programs, Natl Capital Reg, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Stern, Marc J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Malmsheimer, Robert W.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Blahna, Dale J.; Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Seesholtz, David N.] US Forest Serv, NEPA 21st Century, Pacific NW Res Stn, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Mortimer, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, No Virginia Ctr, Nat Resource Grad Programs, Natl Capital Reg, Room 411,7054 Haycock Rd, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM mortimer@vt.edu; mjstern@vt.edu; rwmalmsh@esf.edu; dblahna@fs.fed.us; lcerveny@fs.fed.us; dseesholtz@fs.fed.us OI Malmsheimer, Robert/0000-0001-9446-6589; Stern, Marc/0000-0002-0294-8941 FU US Forest Service Pacific Research Station-Focused Science Delivery Program FX The authors acknowledge the financial support for this research provided by the US Forest Service Pacific Research Station-Focused Science Delivery Program, the assistance of Dr. Andrew Predmore and James Freeman in its preparation, and the statistical support of Ying Liu and Brandon Evans. This article does not reflect the opinion or a position taken by the US Forest Service or the US government. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716ZL UT WOS:000287011900005 ER PT J AU Anderson, NM Germain, RH Bevilacqua, E AF Anderson, Nathaniel M. Germain, Rene H. Bevilacqua, Eddie TI Geographic Information System-Based Spatial Analysis of Sawmill Wood Procurement SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wood procurement; spatial analysis; land use ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; LUMBER INDUSTRY; FOREST; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; IMPACT; CANADA AB In the sawmill sector of the forest products industry, the clustering of mills and wide variation in forest stocking and ownership result in sawlog markets that are complex and spatially differentiated. Despite the inherent spatial attributes of markets for stumpage and logs, few studies have used geospatial methods to examine wood procurement in detail across political boundaries. This article provides a visual, representation of wood procurement pressure across the Northern Forest region of the northeastern United States based on a spatial analysis of woodshed maps provided by 273 sawmills in the United States and Canada. The analysis also includes the predicted woodsheds of 280 nonrespondent mills, which were modeled based on mill characteristics and location. In general, maps emphasize the magnitude of softwood procurement on industrial and investment-oriented forestlands in northern Maine, but also highlight distinct spatial procurement patterns in New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire. Sensitivity analyses of woodshed boundary uncertainty suggest that procurement pressure in existing hotspots will intensify if procurement range is restricted by high transportation costs. The methods used to visualize resource procurement in this study have the potential to benefit a broad range of stakeholders including industry, policymakers, and landowners. C1 [Anderson, Nathaniel M.] Univ Montana, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Germain, Rene H.; Bevilacqua, Eddie] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Anderson, NM (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM nmanderson@fs.fed.us; rhgermai@esf.edu; ebevilacqua@esf.edu FU Northeastern States FX This research was funded by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative. The authors thank the hundreds of sawmill managers and industry professionals throughout the United States and Canada who participated in this study. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716ZL UT WOS:000287011900006 ER PT J AU Jacobi, WR Crump, A Lundquist, JE AF Jacobi, William R. Crump, Amanda Lundquist, John E. TI Dissemination of Forest Health Research Information in the Rocky Mountains SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE extension; boundary spanners; tree health; outreach; US Forest Service ID COMMUNICATION; PERSPECTIVES; TECHNOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; NORTHWEST; BARRIERS; EXAMPLE; OWNERS; MODEL AB An important objective of forest health research is that it is applicable to and used by end users. A survey, interviews, and two case studies determined how to best transfer research to US Forest Service end users in the Rocky Mountain Region. The survey indicated research information was most often found via the Internet, peer-to-peer interactions, publications, specialist visits, and field days. However, the most preferred methods were site visits by specialists, field days, and peers. Interviewees indicated that increased workloads and decreased budgets restricted them from staying current with research findings. Case studies found transferring findings directly from a researcher can be inefficient while using boundary spanners reduces researchers' efforts on technology transfer. To be better disseminated to end users, research findings should use face-to-face media, be easy to interpret and quick to use, and build on or establish trust between researchers, boundary spanners, and end users. C1 [Jacobi, William R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crump, Amanda] Univ Calif Davis, Hort CRSP, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lundquist, John E.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Jacobi, WR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM william.jacobi@colostate.edu; acrump@ucdavis.edu; jlunquist@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors thank Howard Schwartz, Michael Lacy, and Jim zumBrunnen of Colorado State University, and Dave Hattis and John Popp of the US Forest Service for their contributions to the planning and statistical evaluation of this project. They appreciate the anonymous US Forest Service personnel who participated in all facets of this study. Funding was provided by the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716ZL UT WOS:000287011900007 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, Todd E. Edu, James Pahio, Elaine TI Female Medflies Mate Selectively with Young Males but Gain No Apparent Fitness Benefits SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Diptera; Tephritidae; sexual selection; reproductive behavior; mate choice ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; MALE MATING SUCCESS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MALE AGE; OLDER MALES; GOOD-GENES; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; SEXUAL SELECTION; FLY DIPTERA; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS AB Species in which female choice is not strongly shaped by male-controlled resources present a challenge to sexual selection research, because it is typically difficult to identify the male phenotypic cues used in female mate selection or the fitness benefits accruing from such selection. In such species, mate selection is presumably based on direct benefits associated with sperm quantity or quality and/or indirect benefits relating to the viability or mating probability of the progeny. Across animal taxa in general, male age has received considerable attention as a potential indicator of these fitness benefits, and the importance of male age in affecting female choice and fitness has been investigated in various insect species with highly variable results. The present study examined whether females of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), a lek-forming species, discriminate among potential mates on the basis of male age and whether this selectivity results in fitness benefits to the females. Both young (10 days old) and old (40 days old) females were offered males from two groups differing in age by 10, 20, or 30 days. Young females mated randomly when the age difference between the younger and older males was 10 days but mated preferentially with the younger males when the age difference was 20 or 30 days. Old females did not discriminate among males of different ages. Although young females showed mate selectivity, we found no differences in fecundity, fertility, or larval viability between young females mated to 10 versus 40 day old males. C1 [Shelly, Todd E.; Edu, James; Pahio, Elaine] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s10905-010-9236-6 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 706KM UT WOS:000286217300006 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R AF Goenaga, Ricardo TI DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND LEAF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS OF RAMBUTAN GROWN ON AN ACID ULTISOL SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Nephelium lappaceum; soil acidity; aluminum ID ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; MECHANISMS; EXUDATION; SOILS AB Little is known about the adaptability of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) to highly acidic soils rich in aluminum (Al). A 2-yr field study was conducted to determine the effects of various levels of soil Al on dry matter production, plant growth, and nutrient concentration in the leaves of four cultivars of rambutan. Cultivars and the cultivar x year interaction were not statistically significant for most variables measured in the study. Total, leaf, petiole, stem and root dry weights significantly increased at soil Al concentrations ranging from 0.67 cmol kg-1 to 11.0 cmol kg-1. At this range of soil Al, the concentrations of Al and manganese (Mn) in leaf tissue declined sharply. The results of this study demonstrate that rambutan is highly tolerant to acid soils and that tolerance may involve an Al- and Mn- exclusion mechanism. C1 ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM Ricardo.Goenaga@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 5 BP 753 EP 761 AR PII 933160736 DI 10.1080/01904167.2011.540690 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717GJ UT WOS:000287031300009 ER PT J AU Kim, M O'Shaughnessy, SA Choi, CY AF Kim, Minyoung O'Shaughnessy, Susan A. Choi, Christopher Y. TI Prediction of Microbial Inactivation in Biosolids as a Function of Moisture Content and Temperature using Artificial Neural Networks SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; GROWTH; DESCRIBE; PH AB Agricultural land application of biosolids is an environmentally sound method for recycling stabilized sludge generated during wastewater treatment processes. Meeting regulatory microbial criteria remains an expensive and time consuming process, especially when testing is performed prematurely and requires re-testing. The objective of this study was to determine how well neural network monitoring predicted microbial survival in response to changes in temperature and moisture content of biosolids under laboratory conditions. The backpropagation feed-forward neural network method showed superior performance in predicting the microbial inactivation of fecal coliforms (R(2) = 0.95) as a function of temperature and moisture relative to linear-regression models. Although mathematical modeling may not be a sufficient substitute for microbial testing, it may be a useful support tool to optimize the timing of testing for microbial quality designation of biosolids. Further studies involving prediction of specific pathogen levels (Salmonella sp., enteric virus, and viable helminth ova), while incorporating a variety of sludge matrices and environmental parameters, are needed to help determine the full advantages of ANN modeling. C1 [Kim, Minyoung] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [O'Shaughnessy, Susan A.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Choi, Christopher Y.] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, 249 Seodun Dong, Suwon 441707, South Korea. EM mykim75@korea.kr NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 729YX UT WOS:000287991700001 ER PT J AU Hanberry, BB Fraver, S He, HS Yang, JA Dey, DC Palik, BJ AF Hanberry, Brice B. Fraver, Shawn He, Hong S. Yang, Jian Dey, Dan C. Palik, Brian J. TI Spatial pattern corrections and sample sizes for forest density estimates of historical tree surveys SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE General Land Office; Morisita; Point-centered quarter; Pollard; Presettlement forests; Public Land Survey ID VEGETATION PATTERNS; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; RECORDS; USA AB The U.S. General Land Office land surveys document trees present during European settlement. However, use of these surveys for calculating historical forest density and other derived metrics is limited by uncertainty about the performance of plotless density estimators under a range of conditions. Therefore, we tested two plotless density estimators, developed by Morisita and Pollard, for two, three, and four trees per survey point under simulated ranges of tree densities, non-uniform densities, and different tree spatial distributions. Based on these results, we developed estimator corrections and determined number of survey points needed for reliable density estimates. The Morisita estimator was accurate for densities ranging from 5 to 1,000 trees per unit area, non-uniform densities, random and regular spatial distribution, and outperformed the Pollard estimator. Estimators using points with two or three trees did need a simple correction to account for overestimation. Likewise, for clustered distributions, depending on the number of trees per survey point and the amount of clustering, there should be adjustment for a range of under and overestimation. Sample sizes for survey points with three or four trees should be at least 200 survey points, and 1,000 survey points will have density estimates within +/- 10% tolerance range of actual density. For survey points with two trees, the minimum sample size should be 600 survey points, and 2,000 survey points should be the target value. These results provide guidelines for researchers to improve density estimates of historical forests. C1 [Hanberry, Brice B.; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Yang, Jian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Dey, Dan C.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hanberry, BB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hanberryb@missouri.edu RI Yang, Jian/H-3169-2011; OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-2170-589X; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU National Fire Plan; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX We thank William Dijak for programming assistance. Support was provided by the National Fire Plan and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9533-7 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 703TO UT WOS:000286004400006 ER PT J AU Amsden, BL Stedman, RC Kruger, LE AF Amsden, Benoni L. Stedman, Richard C. Kruger, Linda E. TI The Creation and Maintenance of Sense of Place in a Tourism-Dependent Community SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE community; photographic methods; place attachment; tourism dependence ID ATTACHMENT; PERCEPTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; USERS AB This paper examines the theoretical intersection of place attachment and community through a study of the place attachment of residents who live, work, and play in a tourism-dependent community. Using a qualitative photo-elicitation technique best described as "resident employed photography," we asked 25 residents of Seward, Alaska, to share images and stories of important places in and around their local community. The findings suggest that place and community are intertwined, as evidenced by the use of community as a frame of reference for describing nearly every example of attachment to place. This suggests that place attachment can serve as a factor in the development "of" community, defined as a heightened engagement in collective actions that help people meet their day-to-day needs. It could also influence one's development "in" community, directing the behaviors that affect how people both participate in communities and seek to change their position within them. C1 [Amsden, Benoni L.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Rural Partnerships, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Stedman, Richard C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kruger, Linda E.] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. RP Amsden, BL (reprint author), Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Rural Partnerships, MSC 68,17 High St, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. EM blamsden@plymouth.edu NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP 32 EP 51 DI 10.1080/01490400.2011.533105 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 712IH UT WOS:000286659500003 ER PT J AU Zhou, XJ Sun, TH Wang, N Ling, HQ Lu, S Li, L AF Zhou, Xiangjun Sun, Tian-Hu Wang, Ning Ling, Hong-Qing Lu, Shan Li, Li TI The cauliflower Orange gene enhances petiole elongation by suppressing expression of eukaryotic release factor 1 SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cauliflower (Brassica oleracea); cell length; eRF1-2; Or gene; petiole elongation ID BETA-CAROTENE ACCUMULATION; RELEASE FACTOR ERF1; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELL ELONGATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; SHADE AVOIDANCE; LEAF BLADE; PROTEIN; RESPONSES AB P>The cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) Orange (Or) gene affects plant growth and development in addition to conferring beta-carotene accumulation. This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular basis for the effects of the Or gene mutation in on plant growth. The OR protein was found to interact with cauliflower and Arabidopsis eukaryotic release factor 1-2 (eRF1-2), a member of the eRF1 family, by yeast two-hybrid analysis and by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. Concomitantly, the Or mutant showed reduced expression of the BoeRF1 family genes. Transgenic cauliflower plants with suppressed expression of BoeRF1-2 and BoeRF1-3 were generated by RNA interference. Like the Or mutant, the BoeRF1 RNAi lines showed increased elongation of the leaf petiole. This long-petiole phenotype was largely caused by enhanced cell elongation, which resulted from increased cell length and elevated expression of genes involved in cell-wall loosening. These findings demonstrate that the cauliflower Or gene controls petiole elongation by suppressing the expression of eRF1 genes, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of leaf petiole regulation. C1 [Zhou, Xiangjun; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhou, Xiangjun; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sun, Tian-Hu; Lu, Shan] Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wang, Ning; Ling, Hong-Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Plant Cell & Chromosome Engn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu RI Lu, Shan/C-3530-2012 OI Lu, Shan/0000-0002-9358-6121 FU NSF [NSF DBI-0618969]; TRIAD Foundation; USDA National Research Initiative [2007-35318-17794]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB108802]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771167] FX We thank Dr Jian Hua for advice on yeast two-hybrid screening and Dr Yinong Yang for providing the RNA interference vector. We also thank the Plant Cell Imaging Center at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research for sharing the facilities, which were sponsored by NSF (NSF DBI-0618969) and The TRIAD Foundation. This research was supported by USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2007-35318-17794, as well as grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB108802) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771167). NR 49 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2011 VL 190 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03578.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 726PR UT WOS:000287739000010 PM 21175633 ER PT J AU Bailey, DW Brown, JR AF Bailey, Derek W. Brown, Joel R. TI Rotational Grazing Systems and Livestock Grazing Behavior in Shrub-Dominated Semi-Arid and Arid Rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE foraging strategies; grazing management; grazing systems; livestock behavior; livestock distribution; stocking density ID TILLER DEFOLIATION PATTERNS; LOW-MOISTURE BLOCKS; CATTLE DISTRIBUTION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RIPARIAN AREAS; DIET SELECTION; VARIED DIETS; STOCKING AB Rotational grazing systems (RGS) are often implemented to alleviate undesirable selective grazing by livestock. At both fine and coarse scales, livestock selectively graze individual plants, patches, communities, and landscapes. Smaller pastures, increased stocking density, and rotation allow managers to constrain livestock movement and determine season and frequency of grazing, potentially limiting selectivity and preventing repeated grazing of preferred plants. However, in arid and semi-arid rangelands, forage growth is limited primarily by precipitation rather than defoliation frequency. When soil moisture is adequate, forage is abundant and defoliation levels are typically low, and repeated, intensive defoliation of preferred plants is less likely than in more mesic areas where more consistent precipitation and soil moisture storage allows animals to establish and maintain spatial hierarchies of grazing patterns. Many southwestern rangelands contain diverse vegetation, which provides quality forage during different times of the year. These spatial and temporal patterns of forage distribution may not be amenable to manipulation with RGS. Tracking data show that livestock often alternate among locations within pasture boundaries and can opportunistically exploit areas with higher quality forage when they are available. Higher stock densities combined with higher stocking rates can increase livestock use of less preferred areas, but overall distribution patterns of intensive-rotational and extensive grazing systems are often comparable at similar stocking rates and distances from water. Management that ensures that grazing of riparian areas does not occur during the critical late summer period may be more beneficial than RGS that periodically defers livestock use throughout the grazing season. In arid and semi-arid shrublands, timely adjustments to animal numbers and practices that improve grazing distribution at regional and landscape scales are more likely to be effective in maintaining or improving rangeland health than fencing and RGS. C1 [Bailey, Derek W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Brown, Joel R.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bailey, DW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, POB 30003,MSC 3-1, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM dwbailey@nmsu.edu NR 76 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 58 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00184.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300001 ER PT J AU Waterman, RC Vermeire, LT AF Waterman, Richard C. Vermeire, Lance T. TI Grazing Deferment Effects on Forage Diet Quality and Ewe Performance Following Summer Rangeland Fire SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE body weight gain; deferred grazing; grazing management; postfire grazing; summer burn ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE; CATTLE; SUPPLEMENTATION; RESPONSES; ENERGY; SYSTEM AB Complete rest or grazing deferment is a general recommendation to encourage vegetative recovery following fire in the western United States. However, effects of grazing deferments on animal performance have not been determined. Prescribed fires were individually applied to nine separate, 1.5-ha pastures each year (2006 and 2007) for a total of 18 pastures. Grazing was deferred until spring (16 May), early summer (19 June), or late summer (1 August) the growing season after fire. At the end of each deferment, a 70-d (2007) or 41-d (2008) grazing period was initiated. Stocking rates were consistent between treatments within year, but were adjusted between years to achieve the targeted residual biomass of approximately 300 kg . ha(-1). Diet quality was assessed approximately every 15 d throughout each grazing period (three pastures . period(-1)) via collection of rumen extrusa throughout the 2-yr study. Ewe body weight was measured on and off-test for each grazing period. Diet extrusa samples for in vitro organic matter disappearance was less (P = 0.03) for late summer than early summer grazing periods and equal to the spring period (62.9, 64.6, and 61.0 +/- 0.90%, respectively for spring, early summer, and late summer grazing periods). In vitro neutral detergent fiber disappearance decreased (P = 0.01) by 10.6 percentage units from early grazing to late grazing period in 2007, whereas no differences were observed in 2008. Ewe average daily gain did not differ between spring and early summer grazing periods and were greater (P = 0.03) than the negligible body weight gains of the late summer grazing period. Total gain was 10.9 kg . ha(-1) greater in 2008, and a quadratic response was measured for grazing period in 2007. Results indicate that deferment until early summer may be preferable so that stocking rates can be more accurately determined and animal performance is not diminished. C1 [Waterman, Richard C.; Vermeire, Lance T.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Waterman, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM richard.waterman@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00146.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300003 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Crowder, JL Wester, DB AF Vermeire, Lance T. Crowder, Jessica L. Wester, David B. TI Plant Community and Soil Environment Response to Summer Fire in the Northern Great Plains SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE drought; prescribed burning; productivity; rangeland; semiarid grassland ID GROWING-SEASON FIRE; WEIGHT-RANK METHOD; MIXED PRAIRIE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; VEGETATION; TEMPERATURE; GRASSLANDS; DROUGHT AB Fire is an important process in many ecosystems, especially grasslands. However, documentation of plant community and soil environment responses to fire is limited for semiarid grasslands relative to that for mesic grasslands. Replicated summer fire research is lacking but necessary because summer is the natural fire season and the period of most wildfires in the western United States. We evaluated summer fire effects on soil temperature, soil moisture, aboveground biomass, root biomass, and functional group composition for 2 yr in semiarid C(3)-dominated northern Great Plains. Following pre-treatment measures, four 0.75-ha sites were burned during August for comparison with nonburned sites, and the experiment was repeated the next year on adjacent sites to assess weather effects. Soils were about 0.5 degrees C cooler on burned sites in the first experiment and similar in the second. Burned sites were consistently 1% drier than nonburned sites. Litter was reduced by fire but did not account for changes in soil moisture because differences occurred before the growing season. Current-year aboveground biomass and root biomass were similar between treatments, indicating productivity was resistant to summer fire. Perennial C(3) grasses increased in dominance because of positive biomass responses to fire for all but the bunchgrass, Hesperostipa comata, and a reduction of annual grasses. Perennial C(4) grasses were unaffected by summer fire. H. comata was resilient, with biomass on burned sites equaling nonburned sites the second growing season. Biomass was more responsive to precipitation than fire, and the fire-induced changes in species composition suggest exclusion of fire may be a greater disturbance than summer fire. C1 [Vermeire, Lance T.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Crowder, Jessica L.] Wyoming Dept Agr Nat Resources & Policy, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. [Wester, David B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM Lance.Vermeire@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 41 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00049.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300005 ER PT J AU Ortega, YK Pearson, DE AF Ortega, Yvette K. Pearson, Dean E. TI Long-Term Effects of Weed Control With Picloram Along a Gradient of Spotted Knapweed Invasion SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE broadleaf herbicide; Centaurea maculosa; cheatgrass; exotic plants; grassland restoration; native plant functional groups ID CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; PLANT COMMUNITY; BROMUS-TECTORUM; MANAGEMENT; HERBICIDE; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; BIODIVERSITY AB Broadleaf herbicides are commonly used in rangelands to suppress exotic weeds and release native communities from negative impacts of invasion. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated treatment effects on differing community components across a gradient of initial invasion levels. We conducted a 6-yr experiment within grasslands of western Montana to measure local-scale effects of a broadcast application of picloram on 1) cover of the target invader, spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L.), 2) prevalence of native functional groups, and 3) the secondary invader cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) at differing initial levels of knapweed invasion,. Treatment effectively suppressed knapweed, with cover in treated vs. control plots reduced by > 60% in the sixth posttreatment year. Treatment also appeared to alleviate knapweed's impacts on native perennial grasses, but only at the highest initial level of invasion, where cover of this group increased by > 30% in treated vs. control plots to equal levels associated with noninvaded plots. In some cases, treatment appeared to exacerbate knapweed's impacts on native forbs. At the no-invasion level, perennial forb cover declined by > 20% in treated vs. control plots to match values associated with moderate or high levels of invasion, but these treatment effects were minimal at the latter invasion levels. Across initial invasion levels, species richness of perennial and/or annual forbs declined by > 20% in treated vs. control plots. Treatment also promoted increases in cheatgrass cover, although differences between treated and control plots were relatively small by the sixth posttreatment year. Overall, effects of picloram application depended on initial levels of knapweed invasion, largely due to the varying strength of release effects. Selective treatment of invaded patches vs. broadcast applications would reduce side effects of broadleaf herbicide application and increase compatibility with other management measures designed to improve rangeland conditions and restore grassland communities. C1 [Ortega, Yvette K.; Pearson, Dean E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Ortega, YK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM yortega@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station; Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project; Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program; Joint Fire Sciences Program FX Research was funded by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, the Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project, the Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, and the Joint Fire Sciences Program. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00034.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300008 ER PT J AU Molinar, F Navarro, J Holechek, J Galt, D Thomass, M AF Molinar, Francisco Navarro, Joe Holechek, Jerry Galt, Dee Thomass, Milt TI Long-Term Vegetation Trends on Grazed and Ungrazed Chihuahuan Desert Rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE drought; grazing management; range condition; rangelands ID UTAH PINE-VALLEY; PRECIPITATION; EXCLUSION; REMOVAL; COVER AB Long-term information on the effects of managed grazing versus excluded grazing effects on vegetation composition of desert rangelands is limited. Our study objectives were to evaluate changes in frequency of vegetation components and ecological condition scores under managed livestock grazing and excluded livestock grazing over a 38-yr period at various locations in the Chihuahuan Desert of southwestern New Mexico. Sampling occurred in 1962, 1981, 1992, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Range sites of loamy (1), gravelly (2), sandy (2), and shallow sandy (2) soils were used as replications. Black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda Tort.) was the primary vegetation component at the seven locations. Dyksterhuis quantitative climax procedures were used to determine trends in plant frequency based on a 1.91-cm loop and rangeland ecological condition scores. Frequency measures of total perennial grass, black grama, tobosa (Hilaria mutica Buckley), total shrubs, honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), and other vegetation components were similar on both grazed and ungrazed treatments (P > 0.1) at the beginning and end of the study. The amount of change in rangeland ecological condition scores was the same positive increase (14%) for both grazed and ungrazed treatments. Major changes (P < 0.1) occurred within this 38-yr study period in ecological condition scores and frequency of total perennial grasses and black grama in response to annual fluctuations in precipitation. Based on this research, managed livestock grazing and excluded livestock grazing had the same long-term effects on change in plant frequency and rangeland ecological condition; thus, it appears that managed livestock grazing is sustainable on Chihuahuan desert rangelands receiving over 25 cm annual precipitation. C1 [Holechek, Jerry; Thomass, Milt] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Molinar, Francisco] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, El Paso, TX 79821 USA. [Navarro, Joe] Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Roswell, NM 88201 USA. RP Holechek, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, 2980 S Espina St,MSC 31, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM holechek@nmsu.edu FU US Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX This is project 14226910A970011, Monitoring Range Ecological Condition & Trend Studies in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands Located in Southwestern New Mexico. Funding for this research was provided by the US Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management and the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00097.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300013 ER PT J AU Gurney, KM Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ Shane, JB AF Gurney, Kendra M. Schaberg, Paul G. Hawley, Gary J. Shane, John B. TI Inadequate Cold Tolerance as a Possible Limitation to American Chestnut Restoration in the Northeastern United States SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American chestnut; Castanea dentata; cold tolerance; restoration; winter injury ID FREEZING TOLERANCE; NITROGEN SATURATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; YELLOW BIRCH; RED SPRUCE; CALCIUM; THAW; BLIGHT; HYPOVIRULENCE; HARDINESS AB The American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh.), once a major component of eastern forests from Maine to Georgia, was functionally removed from the forest ecosystem by chestnut blight (an exotic fungal disease caused by Cryphotzectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr), first identified at the beginning of the twentieth century. Hybrid-backcross breeding programs that incorporate the blight resistance of Chinese chestnut (Castenea mollissima Blume) and Japanese chestnut (Castenea crenata Sieb. & Zuc.) into American chestnut stock show promise for achieving the blight resistance needed for species restoration. However, it is uncertain if limitations in tissue cold tolerance within current breeding programs might restrict the restoration of the species at the northern limits of American chestnut's historic range. Shoots of American chestnut and hybrid-backcross chestnut (i.e., backcross chestnut) saplings growing in two plantings in Vermont were tested during November 2006, February 2007, and April 2007 to assess their cold tolerance relative to ambient low temperatures. Shoots of two potential native competitors, northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum L.), were also sampled for comparison. During the winter, American and backcross chestnuts were approximately 5 degrees C less cold tolerant than red oak and sugar maple, with a tendency for American chestnut to be more cold tolerant than the backcross chestnut. Terminal shoots of American and backcross chestnut also showed significantly more freezing damage in the field than nearby red oak and sugar maple shoots, which showed no visible injury. C1 [Gurney, Kendra M.] Amer Chestnut Fdn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Hawley, Gary J.; Shane, John B.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Gurney, KM (reprint author), Amer Chestnut Fdn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM kendra@acf.org FU USDA CSREES; Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We are grateful to Paula Murakami, Michelle Turner, Kelly Baggett, John Bennink, Josh Halman, Homer Elliott, Brynne Lazarus, and Chris Hansen, as well as Brian Keel of the Green Mountain National Forest, for their assistance in both the field and laboratory, and also to Mark Starrett for his assistance with data interpretation and manuscript review. Thanks are also extended to Paul and Eileen Growald, as well as Aubrey Choquette, for providing sampling access to a breeding orchard. Special thanks are extended to our collaborators at The American Chestnut Foundation, especially Leila Pinchot, Dr. Fred Hebard, Marshal Case, and the many chapter volunteers that support the backcross breeding program. We also thank Drs. Richard Strimbeck, Sandra Anagnostakis, Kim Steiner, and Gary Griffin for their helpful suggestions regarding earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported by funds provided by the USDA CSREES McIntire-Stennis Forest Research Program and the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 19 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00544.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 704AV UT WOS:000286024400007 ER PT J AU Fajardo, D Spooner, DM AF Fajardo, Diego Spooner, David M. TI Phylogenetic Relationships of Solanum Series Conicibaccata and Related Species in Solanum Section Petota Inferred from Five Conserved Ortholog Sequences SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Conserved orthologous sequences; COSII; Solarium section Petota; Solomon series Conicibaccata; wild potatoes ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; WILD POTATOES; EVOLUTION; LIMITS; REEXAMINATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SOLANACEAE; BOOTSTRAP; ORIGINS AB Solanum series Conicibaccata is the second largest series in section Pet eta, containing 40 species widely distributed from southern Mexico to central Bolivia. It contains diploids (2n = 2x = 24), tetraploids (271 = 4x = 48) and hexaploids (2,1 = 6x = 72), and the limited number of species examined have been shown to be allopolyploids. Previous morphological and molecular studies using plastid DNA failed to discriminate clear species boundaries. Conserved orthologous nuclear DNA sequences (COSII) were used to compare the relationships among 72 accessions from 22 species from series Conicibaccata and 42 additional accessions from related series. The results supported previous studies showing the diploid members of series Conicibaccata to be related to other South American "clade 4" species, and showed all of the polyploids to be allopolyploids among members of clade 4 and other South American species of "clade 3" (series Piurana and related species). Low bootstrap support values and morphological similarity suggest recent origins and the need for a reduction in number of recognized species in series Conicibaccata. C1 [Fajardo, Diego; Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Research Initiative [2008-35300-18669]; NSF [DEB 0316614] FX This paper represents partial fulfillment for a Ph.D. Degree in Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics by DF at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank committee members Irwin Goldman, Michael Havey, Shelley Jansky, and Kenneth Sytsma; Flor Rodriguez for screening the COSH markers and advice on their use; William Roca and Alberto Salas for help in the companion morphological study in Peru; Holly Ruess for technical assistance; the staff of the CIP and US potato genebanks for help in obtaining germplasm and facilitating a companion morphological study in central Andean Peru; and two anonymous reviewers and ASPT Associate Editor Daniel Potter for reviews. This research was supported by a USDA National Research Initiative Grant 2008-35300-18669, and by a NSF DEB 0316614 and to David Spooner entitled "PBI Solanum: A worldwide treatment (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/solanaceaesource)." NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1600/036364411X553252 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 727BQ UT WOS:000287772700020 ER PT J AU Kiniry, J Johnson, MV Mitchell, R Vogel, K Kaiser, J Bruckerhoff, S Cordsiemon, R AF Kiniry, Jim Johnson, Mari-Vaughn Mitchell, Robert Vogel, Ken Kaiser, Jerry Bruckerhoff, Steve Cordsiemon, Ron TI Switchgrass Leaf Area Index and Light Extinction Coefficients SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIVERSE SITES; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; USE-EFFICIENCY; ALMANAC MODEL; INTERCEPTION; SIMULATION; POPULATIONS; CROPS; YIELD; ADAPTATION AB Much of recent interest in biofuel species modeling has been for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Such modeling requires accurate simulation of light interception. We investigated the stability of the light extinction coefficient (k) in Beer's Law with data from Temple, TX; Lincoln, NE; and Elsberry, MO. Variability in k values was not related to fraction of light intercepted, time of day, or incident solar radiation. Only the magnitude of leaf area index (LAI) showed a significant impact on the k value. The mean k value (-0.37) for the 'Alamo' switchgrass data at Temple was similar to the previously published k value (-0.33) and similar to Alamo k values in Nebraska (-0.38) and Missouri (-0.31). Compared to Alamo, other switchgrass cultivars had similar k values in Nebraska but were higher in Missouri. This study gave guidance as to which factors are important for quantifying k with Beer's Law for light interception of switchgrass. C1 [Kiniry, Jim] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Johnson, Mari-Vaughn] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kaiser, Jerry; Bruckerhoff, Steve; Cordsiemon, Ron] USDA NRCS, Elsberry Plant Mat Ctr, Elsberry, MO 63343 USA. RP Kiniry, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Ctr, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jim.kiniry@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0280 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700017 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Bertram, MG Martin, NP AF Coblentz, W. K. Bertram, M. G. Martin, N. P. TI Planting Date Effects on Fall Forage Production of Oat Cultivars in Wisconsin SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Previous research has shown that cereal-grains, such as oat (Avena sativa L.), that undergo stem elongation following late-summer establishment will likely exhibit a 2:1 advantage in forage dry matter (DM) yield before winter compared to other cereals that remain vegetative until spring. Our objectives for this project were to assess the effects of planting date on the fall forage growth of one forage-and three grain-type oat cultivars. Over a 3-yr trial, oat cultivars were planted on three target dates (15 July, 1 August, and 15 August), and subsequently evaluated over five harvest dates (15 September, 1 October, 15 October, 1 November, and 15 November) each year. For the 15 July planting date, a late-maturing forage cultivar (ForagePlus) produced maximum annual yields ranging from 4501 to 8100 kg ha(-1), and these responses were explained generally by linear (P < 0.01) and quadratic (P <= 0.03) effects of time. Accumulation of DM was superior to grain-type cultivars because ForagePlus matured slowly, and was better able to respond to sometimes erratic late-summer precipitation. With a 1 August planting date, maximum forage yields generally were similar to those observed with a mid-July planting date, but peak yield oft en was delayed by approximately 2 wk. For the 15 August planting date, maximum yields of forage DM were only 42.3, 79.9, and 20.5% of those observed following planting dates on 1 August of 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. Under these circumstances, the late-maturity characteristics of ForagePlus were less advantageous, oft en resulting in poorer yields throughout early harvest dates compared to grain-type cultivars. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Bertram, M. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Marshfield Agr Res Stn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Martin, N. P.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0350 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700021 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Tewolde, H Jenkins, JN Rowe, DE AF Adeli, A. Tewolde, H. Jenkins, J. N. Rowe, D. E. TI Cover Crop Use for Managing Broiler Litter Applied in the Fall SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN PRODUCTION; SOIL-NITROGEN; INORGANIC NITROGEN; MANURE APPLICATION; ORGANIC MANURES; SWINE MANURE; COTTON; TIME; YIELD; PHOSPHORUS AB Increasing interest of using broiler litter in the fall for row crops has implications for leaching losses of nutrients, particularly N. Any cultural practice that prevents nutrient losses could be agronomically beneficial and improve soil fertility. A field study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 on Leeper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) soil to evaluate the impacts of a winter rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop and broiler litter timing on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield, yield components and leaching loss of NO(3)-N. Broiler litter was applied to the soil at the rates of 0, 4.5, 9, and 13.4 Mg ha(-1) in the fall and spring for both cover and no cover crop and incorporated immediately. Winter rye cover crop was planted following broiler litter application in the fall. Averaged across cropping system and broiler litter timing, cotton lint yield and yield components increased with increasing broiler litter application. Application of broiler litter at a rate >9 Mg ha(-1) was not advantageous and exceeded N need for optimum lint yield as evidenced by increasing postharvest NO(3)-N in the soil profile. In the absence of cover crop and averaged across litter rates, spring-applied broiler litter had the best agronomic response and increased lint yield by 19 and 18% compared with fall-applied litter in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Seeding a winter rye cover crop to fall-applied broiler litter did not benefit cotton lint yield and yield components but substantially reduced leaching loss of NO(3)-N. C1 [Adeli, A.; Tewolde, H.; Jenkins, J. N.] ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, MAFES Expt Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ardeshir.adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0173 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700028 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Shine, JM Irey, MS Perdomo, R Powell, G Comstock, JC AF Glaz, Barry Shine, James M., Jr. Irey, Michael S. Perdomo, Raul Powell, Gerald Comstock, Jack C. TI Seasonal Fiber Content of Three Sugarcane Cultivars in Three Crop Cycles on Sand and Muck Soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; YIELD AB Accurate seasonal estimates of fiber are needed to maximize profits whether producing sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) for sucrose or ethanol. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sample date and crop cycle on fiber content of three sugarcane cultivars growing on sand and organic (muck) soils, and secondarily to determine if fiber could be reliably estimated 1 mo before the beginning of the harvest season. From September through February, from 2007-2009, fiber content was estimated from monthly sampled stripped stalks of cultivars CP 72-2086, CP 78-1628, and CP 89-2143 growing in three replications of field plots in south Florida in the plant-cane, first-ratoon, and second-ratoon crop cycles on Pompano fine sand (siliceous, hyperthermic Typic Psammaquent) or Margate sand (Siliceous, hyperthermic Mollic Psammaquent), and Torry muck (euic, hyperthermic Typic Haplosaprist) soils. Linear increases in fiber content ranged from 0.07 to 0.28 g kg(-1) d(-1). Quadratic models usually predicted maximum fiber content from December through early January. On sand soils, the cultivar rankings were oft en similar to expectations, with fiber content of CP 78-1628 > CP 89-2143 > CP 72-2086. On the muck soil, CP 78-1628 fiber content was high, but differences between CP 72-2086 and CP 89-2143 were not consistent. For all soils, overall means were oft en not indicative of fiber status due to significant, but inconsistent interactions. Researchers should analyze fiber content whenever they analyze sucrose content, and mills should monitor fiber content daily of unique cultivar x crop cycle x soil deliveries. C1 [Glaz, Barry; Comstock, Jack C.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Perdomo, Raul; Powell, Gerald] Florida Crystals Corp, S Bay, FL 33493 USA. [Irey, Michael S.] US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Shine, James M., Jr.] Sugar Cane Growers Cooperat Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM barry.glaz@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0353 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700029 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Rickman, RW Liang, Y Albrecht, SL Machado, S Kang, S AF Gollany, H. T. Rickman, R. W. Liang, Y. Albrecht, S. L. Machado, S. Kang, S. TI Predicting Agricultural Management Influence on Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics: Implications for Biofuel Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL CORN; ZEA-MAYS L.; CROP RESIDUE; STOVER REMOVAL; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; MICROBIAL DYNAMICS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; AVAILABLE WATER; GRASSLAND SOILS; MATTER DYNAMICS AB Long-term field experiments (LTE) are ideal for predicting the influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and examining biofuel crop residue removal policy questions. Our objectives were (i) to simulate SOC dynamics in LTE soils under various climates, crop rotations, fertilizer or organic amendments, and crop residue managements using the CQESTR model and (ii) to predict the potential of no-tillage (NT) management to maintain SOC stocks while removing crop residue. Classical LTEs at Champaign, IL (1876), Columbia, MO (1888), Lethbridge, AB (1911), Breton, AB (1930), and Pendleton, OR (1931) were selected for their documented history of management practice and periodic soil organic matter (SOM) measurements. Management practices ranged from monoculture to 2- or 3-yr crop rotations, manure, no fertilizer or fertilizer additions, and crop residue returned, burned, or harvested. Measured and CQESTR predicted SOC stocks under diverse agronomic practices, mean annual temperature (2.1-19 degrees C), precipitation (402-973 mm), and SOC (5.89-33.58 g SOC kg(-1)) at the LTE sites were significantly related (r(2) = 0.94, n = 186, P < 0.0001) with a slope not significantly different than 1. The simulation results indicated that the quantities of crop residue that can be sustainably harvested without jeopardizing SOC stocks were influenced by initial SOC stocks, crop rotation intensity, tillage practices, crop yield, and climate. Manure or a cover crop/intensified crop rotation under NT are options to mitigate loss of crop residue C, as using fertilizer alone is insufficient to overcome residue removal impact on SOC stocks. C1 [Gollany, H. T.; Rickman, R. W.; Albrecht, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Liang, Y.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kang, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Machado, S.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet FX Technical assistance and data collection by Chris Roager and Karl Rinhart is gratefully acknowledged. The author thanks Dr. C. Walthall for his support to the modeling effort, and Dr. M. Liebig, ARS-Mandan and reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. This publication is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet. NR 96 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 55 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 234 EP 246 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0203s PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700032 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Brown, B Kok, H Bjorneberg, DL AF Tarkalson, D. D. Brown, B. Kok, H. Bjorneberg, D. L. TI Small Grain Residue Management Effects on Soil Organic Carbon: A Literature Review SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID TEXAS ROLLING PLAINS; CORN STOVER; WHEAT; MATTER; CROP; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; STRAW; DYNAMICS; REMOVAL AB Impact of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw removal from fields on soil organic carbon (SOC) is a concern. Increased animal populations and potential development of cellulosic ethanol production could increase the removal of straw from fields. This paper focuses on the effects of wheat and barley straw removal on SOC in irrigated production systems, and related the results to estimates of the minimum straw carbon inputs required to maintain soil organic carbon (MSC) from rain-fed systems. Six studies compared SOC changes with time in irrigated systems in which wheat straw was removed or retained. These studies indicated that SOC did not decline when residues were removed. Apparently belowground biomass is supplying C to irrigated soils at a rate sufficient to maintain SOC with time. However, under rain-fed systems, returning residue to the soil was required to maintain SOC. Estimates of MSC were obtained from nine rain-fed wheat system studies. Averaged across all rain-fed MSC values, 4.14 Mg more straw ha(-1) was required to maintain SOC in rain-fed than in irrigated systems. Presently, the rain-fed based MSC values are the best information available to evaluating residue removal effects but caution should be used in applying these in irrigated systems. The results from this limited number of irrigated studies suggest that rain-fed estimates of MSC will overestimate the MSC in irrigated systems and underestimate the available irrigated straw resources. There is need to evaluate the effect of residue removal on SOC for diverse irrigated systems. C1 [Tarkalson, D. D.; Bjorneberg, D. L.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Brown, B.] Univ Idaho, Sw Idaho Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Kok, H.] Conservat Cropping Syst, Carmel, IN 46032 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM david.tarkalson@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0147s PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700033 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Varvel, GE Johnson, JMF Baker, JM Osborne, SL Novak, JM Adler, PR Roth, GW Birrell, SJ AF Karlen, Douglas L. Varvel, Gary E. Johnson, Jane M. F. Baker, John M. Osborne, Shannon L. Novak, Jeff M. Adler, Paul R. Roth, Greg W. Birrell, Stuart J. TI Monitoring Soil Quality to Assess the Sustainability of Harvesting Corn Stover SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP RESIDUES; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; TYPIC ARGIUSTOLL; GRASSLAND SOILS; GREAT-PLAINS; CARBON; TILLAGE; EROSION AB Harvesting feedstock for biofuel production must not degrade soil, water, or air resources. Our objective is to provide an overview of field research being conducted to quantify effects of harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover as a bioenergy feedstock. Coordinated field studies are being conducted near Ames, IA; St. Paul and Morris, MN; Mead, NE; University Park, PA; Florence, SC; and Brookings, SD., as part of the USDA-ARS Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP). A baseline soil quality assessment was made using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF). Corn grain and residue yield for two different stover harvest rates (similar to 50% and similar to 90%) are being measured. Available soil data remains quite limited but sufficient for an initial SMAF analysis that confirms total organic carbon (TOC) is a soil quality indicator that needs to be closely monitored closely to quantify crop residue removal effects. Overall, grain yields averaged 9.7 and 11.7 Mg ha(-1) (155 and 186 bu acre(-1)) in 2008 and 2009, values that are consistent with national averages for both years. The average amount of stover collected for the 50% treatment was 2.6 and 4.2 Mg ha(-1) for 2008 and 2009, while the 90% treatment resulted in an average removal of 5.4 and 7.4 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Based on a recent literature review, both stover harvest scenarios could result in a gradual decline in TOC. However, the literature value has a large standard error, so continuation of this long-term multi-location study for several years is warranted. C1 [Karlen, Douglas L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm NLAE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Varvel, Gary E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Johnson, Jane M. F.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Osborne, Shannon L.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Novak, Jeff M.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Adler, Paul R.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Roth, Greg W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Birrell, Stuart J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm NLAE, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 FU North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University through U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs [DE-FC36-05GO85041] FX This research was presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2009 International Annual Meetings in Pittsburgh, PA as part of the A10 Symposium entitled "Residue Removal and Soil Quality-Findings from Long-Term Research Plots." It was funded in part by the North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University through a grant provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs under award number DE-FC36-05GO85041. NR 79 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 53 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0160s PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700038 ER PT J AU Mizushima, A Lu, R AF Mizushima, A. Lu, R. TI COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS OF IN-FIELD PRESORTING FOR THE APPLE INDUSTRY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE In-field presorting; Grading; Apple; Economic analysis; Postharvest; Quality ID SUPPLY-SYSTEM TRACEABILITY; ROBOT AB In-field apple presorting is intended to separate culls that are only suitable for processing or making into juice from apples that would meet the fresh market requirements, so that growers can achieve cost savings in postharvest storage, grading, and sorting. This article reports on the cost benefits analysis of in-field presorting for the U. S. apple industry. Packinghouse costs for culls that would be saved from in-field presorting and in-field presorting yearly costs were defined and estimated to evaluate potential cost benefits for fresh apple growers, processing apple growers, and packinghouses. For fresh apple growers producing 1,400 bins (508 metric tons) or more, in-field presorting is beneficial if the machinery cost is equal to or less than $30,000 (assuming 7-year machine life, 0.3 full-time labor, and 44 bins/day sorting capacity). Smaller fresh apple growers producing 900 bins (327 metric tons) may also benefit from in-field presorting if the cullage rate is more than 40%. In-field presorting is more beneficial to processing apple growers even when the production capacity is as low as 700 bins (254 metric tons). Presorted apples are more consistent in quality, thus enabling packinghouses to better manage postharvest storage/packing operations to meet the market needs. In addition, a properly designed in-field presorting system can provide information about the origin and quality/condition of fruit in each bin, thus enhancing product traceability. The economic analysis results presented in this article are useful in guiding the development of in-field presorting systems that will ultimately benefit the apple industry. C1 [Mizushima, A.; Lu, R.] Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mizushima, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, 207 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Akira.Mizushima@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 727CG UT WOS:000287774500004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, X. -C. TI GRAZING INITIATION TIMING AFFECTS NET RETURN OF DUAL-PURPOSE WHEAT SYSTEMS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Decision support; Dual-purpose wheat; Cattle grazing; Model simulation; Turnout date ID WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; PLANTING DATE; FORAGE YIELD; TEST WEIGHT; MODEL; GROWTH; SIMULATION; ECONOMICS; PLAINS AB Limited experimental data are available to allow direct evaluation of the effects of grazing initiation timing on net returns to dual-purpose wheat systems. The objectives were to simulate the effect of grazing initiation dates on net returns to a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - cattle (Bos taurus) enterprise, and to determine economically optimal dates of grazing initiation for selected grazing scenarios. A wheat grazing model was used to simulate the dual systems in north-central Oklahoma for six to eight grazing initiation dates (ranging from 10 October to 30 January), six stocking rates (SR 0.5 to 3 head ha(-1)), four planting dates (1 September to 1 October), three climate scenarios (dry, average, and wet), and an initial wet soil with 75% plant available water. Net returns were further estimated using an enterprise budget approach for the 1999 (favorable to beef production) and 2005 (neutral) markets. For the wheat-cattle production scheme studied in this work, grazing should be initiated as soon as wheat plants are anchored or top dry biomass reaches approximately 1120 kg ha(-1), irrespective of planting dates and climate. As a rule of thumb, for initial wet soils, regardless of climate, the most profitable practices in the region are early September planting, early grazing initiation (before mid-November), and heavy stocking (1.5 to 3 head ha(-1)), while lower SR such as 0.5 are preferable for later grazing initiation. Uncertainty in net return pertaining grazing initiation timing decreases as SR decreases, indicating that high SR appeal to risk lovers and low SR to risk averters. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 727CG UT WOS:000287774500006 ER PT J AU King, BA Bjorneberg, DL AF King, B. A. Bjorneberg, D. L. TI EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL RUNOFF AND EROSION OF FOUR CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SPRINKLERS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sprinkler irrigation; Center pivot; Runoff; Erosion ID SPRAY PLATE SPRINKLERS; SURFACE RUNOFF; DRIFT LOSSES; INFILTRATION; YIELD; EVAPORATION; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; DROP; UNIFORMITY AB The operational characteristics of center pivot sprinklers are well documented but few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects that operating characteristics of a particular sprinkler have on infiltration, runoff and erosion for specific soil types. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential runoff and erosion from four commercial center pivot sprinklers on four widely distributed, south central Idaho soils. A modified commercial irrigation boom system was used to simulate center pivot irrigation on experimental runoff plots. Sprinklers used in the study were: 1) Nelson R3000 with brown plate, 2) Nelson R3000 with red plate, 3) Nelson S3000 with purple plate, and 4) Senninger I-Wob with standard 9-groove black plate. Significant differences in runoff and erosion between sprinkler types were observed but were not consistent across all runoff tests or soil types. However, on occasions sprinkler types that visually appear to more evenly distribute sprinkler droplets over the wetted area with respect to time produced the greatest soil erosion for bare soil conditions. This functional difference in spatial distribution of water application with respect to time may have caused sediment to remain in suspension in overland flow for a longer duration allowing sediment to be more readily transported down slope and removed from runoff plots. A 50% reduction in sprinkler flow rate reduced runoff and soil erosion 60% to 80% for the same volume of water applied in six irrigations. The practice of reducing sprinkler flow rate early in the growing season prior to crop canopy development could be an effective management tool for reducing center pivot sprinkler irrigation runoff and erosion. C1 [King, B. A.; Bjorneberg, D. L.] USDA ARS NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM brad.king@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative Research and Development with Nelson Irrigation Corp. [58-3K95-9-1311] FX The Briggs Irrigation boom used in this study was provided by Nelson Irrigation Corp. (Walla Walla, Wash.) through a material transfer agreement with the USDA ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory. This research is partially supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 58-3K95-9-1311 with Nelson Irrigation Corp. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nelson Irrigation Corp. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 727CG UT WOS:000287774500008 ER PT J AU Qin, J Chao, K Kim, MS Kang, S Cho, BK Jun, W AF Qin, J. Chao, K. Kim, M. S. Kang, S. Cho, B. -K. Jun, W. TI DETECTION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES ON POULTRY PROCESSING EQUIPMENT SURFACES BY LED-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE IMAGING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Food safety; Sanitation monitoring; Hyperspectral imaging; Fluorescence; LED; Poultry ID FECAL CONTAMINANT DETECTION; HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MULTISPECTRAL DETECTION; SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; CARCASSES; CHICKEN; QUALITY AB Organic residues on equipment surfaces in poultry processing plants can generate cross contamination and increase the risk of unsafe food for consumers. This research was aimed to investigate the potential of LED-induced fluorescence imaging technique for rapid inspection of organic residues on poultry processing equipment surfaces. High-power blue LEDs with a spectral output at 400 nm were used as the excitation source for a line-scanning hyperspectral imaging system. Common chicken residue samples including fat, blood, and feces from ceca, colon, duodenum, and small intestine were prepared on stainless steel sheets. Fluorescence emission images were acquired from 120 samples (20 for each type of residue) in the wavelength range of 500 to 700 nm. LED-induced fluorescence characteristics of the tested samples were determined. PCA (principal component analysis) was performed to analyze fluorescence spectral data. Two SIMCA (soft independent modeling of class analogy) models were developed to differentiate organic residues and stainless steel samples. Classification accuracies using 2-class ('stainless steel' and 'organic residue') and 4-class ('stainless steel,' 'fat,' and 'feces') SIMCA models were 100% and 97.5%, respectively. An optimal single-band and a band-pair that are promising for rapid residue detection were identified by correlation analysis. The single-hand approach using the selected wavelength of 666 nm could generate false negative errors for chicken blood inspection. Two-band ratio images using 503 and 666 nm (F503/F666) have great potential for detecting various chicken residues on stainless steel surfaces. This wavelength pair can be adopted for developing a LED-based hand-held fluorescence imaging device for inspecting poultry processing equipment surfaces. C1 [Qin, J.; Chao, K.; Kim, M. S.; Jun, W.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cho, B. -K.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Taejon, South Korea. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 303,Henry A Wallace BARC E,10300 Baltimore A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov FU Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ007208] FX This work was partially supported by the BioGreen 21 Program (no. PJ007208), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 153 EP 161 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 727CG UT WOS:000287774500016 ER EF