FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tzeng, TJ Qi, YM Schoene, NW Cheng, WH AF Tzeng, Tiffany J. Qi, Yongmei Schoene, Norberta W. Cheng, Wen-Hsing TI Effect of selenoproteins and DNA mismatch repair in colorectal cancer cells treated with methylseleninic acid SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Tzeng, Tiffany J.; Qi, Yongmei; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schoene, Norberta W.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708405228 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Claycombe, KJ Johnson, WT AF Uthus, Eric O. Claycombe, Kate J. Johnson, William T. TI The hepatic Igf2/H19 locus is not altered in 1-day old pups born to obese-prone Sprague-Dawley rats fed a low protein diet containing adequate folic acid SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Uthus, Eric O.; Claycombe, Kate J.; Johnson, William T.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708407099 ER PT J AU Van Rompay, MI Castaneda-Sceppa, C McKeown, NM Ordovas, JM Tucker, KL AF Van Rompay, Maria I. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen McKeown, Nicola M. Ordovas, Jose M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Carbohydrate intake, blood lipids, and diabetes in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Van Rompay, Maria I.; McKeown, Nicola M.; Ordovas, Jose M.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Van Rompay, Maria I.; Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen; McKeown, Nicola M.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen; Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708401881 ER PT J AU Vieira-Potter, VJ Strissel, K Xie, C Chang, E Obin, M Greenberg, A AF Vieira-Potter, Victoria Jeanne Strissel, Katherine Xie, Chen Chang, Eugene Obin, Martin Greenberg, Andrew TI Insulin Resistance Is a Late Manifestation of Ovariectomy in Mice That Occurs in the Absence of Obesity but Is Associated With Adipose Tissue Inflammation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Vieira-Potter, Victoria Jeanne; Strissel, Katherine; Xie, Chen; Chang, Eugene; Obin, Martin; Greenberg, Andrew] Tufts Univ, USDA HNRCA, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708402146 ER PT J AU Wang, JP Ren, ZH Xu, YM Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Wang, Junpeng Ren, Zhihong Xu, Yanmei Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI Dietary Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) supplementation reduces clinical symptoms and pathology associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice via altered balance among CD4+T cell subsets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Wang, Junpeng; Ren, Zhihong; Xu, Yanmei; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708402232 ER PT J AU Wang, T Milner, J Kim, YS AF Wang, Thomas Milner, John Kim, Young S. TI Differential effects of broccoli-derived phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and its dimer 3, 3 '-diindolylmethane on liver X receptor-responsive genes in human prostate cancer cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Wang, Thomas] USDA, DGIL, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Milner, John; Kim, Young S.] NCI, NSRG, DCP, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708406922 ER PT J AU Wasmundt, SL Simon, KA Golbach, LP Krieg, EJ Banuelos, G Luthria, D Wilson, T AF Wasmundt, Stephan L. Simon, Katlyn A. Golbach, Lillian P. Krieg, Ellyn J. Banuelos, Gary Luthria, Davanand Wilson, Ted TI Effect of Selenium Soil Enrichment on Opuntia Fruit Extract Antioxidant Capacity SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Wasmundt, Stephan L.; Simon, Katlyn A.; Golbach, Lillian P.; Krieg, Ellyn J.; Wilson, Ted] Winona State Univ, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Banuelos, Gary] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. [Luthria, Davanand] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708406945 ER PT J AU Wu, M Wang, TTY Wu, RTY Cheng, WH AF Wu, Min Wang, Thomas T. Y. Wu, Ryan T. Y. Cheng, Wen-Hsing TI Critical roles of p53 and p16 in selenium-induced senescence SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Wu, Min; Wu, Ryan T. Y.; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708405229 ER PT J AU Wu, RTY Wang, TTY Cheng, WH AF Wu, Ryan T. Y. Wang, Thomas T. Y. Cheng, Wen-Hsing TI Selenoprotein H protects against oxidative DNA damage in the nucleus SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Wu, Ryan T. Y.; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708405232 ER PT J AU Yan, L DeMars, L AF Yan, Lin DeMars, Lana TI Effects of diet-induced obesity on secondary tumor development and plasma cytokine expression in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Yan, Lin; DeMars, Lana] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708406880 ER PT J AU Yu, BL Wang, J Wang, ZX Wang, Y Suter, PM Russell, RM Grusak, MA Yin, SA Tang, GW AF Yu, Bolan Wang, Jie Wang, Zhixu Wang, Yin Suter, Paolo M. Russell, Robert M. Grusak, Michael A. Yin, ShiAn Tang, Guangwen TI High bioavailability of zeaxanthin from deuterium labeled spirulina in humans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Yu, Bolan; Russell, Robert M.; Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Jie; Yin, ShiAn] Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhixu] Nanjing Med Univ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yin] Zhejiang Acad Med Sci, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Suter, Paolo M.] Nestle Fdn, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Grusak, Michael A.] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708406859 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Jackson, MI Cheng, WH Combs, GF AF Zeng, Huawei Jackson, Matthew I. Cheng, Wen-Hsing Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI Chemical form of selenium affects its uptake and transport in the human intestinal cell model, Caco-2 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Jackson, Matthew I.; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708405230 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Briske-Anderson, M AF Zeng, Huawei Briske-Anderson, Mary TI Methylselenol, a selenium metabolite, plays a critical role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Briske-Anderson, Mary] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708401340 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Burkhard, K Nevels, K St John, F MacKerell, A Shapiro, P Pozharski, E AF Zhang, Jun Burkhard, Kim Nevels, Kerrick St John, Franz MacKerell, Alexander Shapiro, Paul Pozharski, Edwin TI Identification of a novel small molecule that targets the extracellular regulated kinase-2 (ERK2) FXFP motif docking site and inhibits substrate phosphorylation and cell proliferation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Zhang, Jun; Burkhard, Kim; Nevels, Kerrick; MacKerell, Alexander; Shapiro, Paul; Pozharski, Edwin] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [St John, Franz] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708400151 ER PT J AU Zhang, JJ Schoene, NW Alshatwi, A Alhazzani, A Alsaif, M Cheng, WH Lei, KY AF Zhang, Jun Jun Schoene, Norberta W. Alshatwi, Ali Alhazzani, Amal Alsaif, Mohammed Cheng, Wen-Hsing Lei, Kai Y. TI Resveratrol Induces Senescence and p16 Expression via Reactive Oxygen Species in Normal Human Prostate Epithelial Cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Zhang, Jun Jun; Cheng, Wen-Hsing; Lei, Kai Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schoene, Norberta W.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alshatwi, Ali] King Saud Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Alhazzani, Amal] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Alsaif, Mohammed] King Saud Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RI Alshatwi, Ali/E-5271-2014 OI Alshatwi, Ali/0000-0002-2441-553X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708404978 ER PT J AU Zhao, CW Roseland, J Andrews, K Holden, J Middleton, A Dwyer, J Bailey, R Saldanha, L AF Zhao, Cuiwei Roseland, Janet Andrews, Karen Holden, Joanne Middleton, Angela Dwyer, Johanna Bailey, Regan Saldanha, Leila TI The Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID): Labeled nutrient distribution in children's multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Zhao, Cuiwei; Roseland, Janet; Andrews, Karen; Holden, Joanne; Middleton, Angela] ARS, BHNRC, USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dwyer, Johanna; Bailey, Regan; Saldanha, Leila] NIH, Off Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708403299 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Hasan, ST Azzi, A Meydani, M AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Hasan, Syeda T. Azzi, Angelo Meydani, Mohsen TI Regulatory effects of curcumin on FOXO3a in human THP-1 monocytes/macrophages SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Hasan, Syeda T.; Azzi, Angelo; Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708406677 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Botero, S Shea-Donohue, T Urban, JF AF Smith, Allen D. Botero, Sebastian Shea-Donohue, Terez Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI The Pathogenicity of an Enteric Citrobacter rodentium Infection Is Enhanced by Deficiencies in the Antioxidants Selenium and Vitamin E SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HOST-DEFENSE; INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; MUCOSAL INFECTION AB The pathogenesis of a Citrobacter rodentium infection was evaluated in mice fed diets with a single deficiency in either selenium or vitamin E or with a double deficiency in both selenium and vitamin E compared to mice on nutritionally adequate diets. Mice fed the selenium-and vitamin E-deficient diet for 6 weeks had increased loads of C. rodentium in the colon and spleen, which were not observed in mice fed either of the singly deficient diets or the adequate diet. Infected mice fed the doubly deficient diet had increased colon crypt hyperplasia and an influx of infiltrating cells along with gross changes to crypt architecture, including ulceration and denuding of the epithelial layer. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels in the colon were measured by real-time PCR. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was upregulated on day 12 after infection with C. rodentium in mice fed the doubly deficient diet compared to mice fed the control diet. Heme oxygenase 1, an enzyme upregulated by oxidative stress, also was more highly induced in infected mice fed the doubly deficient diet. Production of C. rodentium antigen-specific IgM and IgG antibodies was not affected by feeding the doubly deficient diet. The results indicated that selenium and vitamin E play an important role in host resistance and in the pathology induced by C. rodentium, an infection that mimics disease caused by common food-borne bacterial pathogens in humans. C1 [Smith, Allen D.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, AD (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave,B307C,Rm 228, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM allen.smith@ars.usda.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2011 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1478 DI 10.1128/IAI.01017-10 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 736YX UT WOS:000288532300008 PM 21245271 ER PT J AU Progar, RA Markin, G Milan, J Barbouletos, T Rinella, MJ AF Progar, Robert A. Markin, George Milan, Joseph Barbouletos, Tom Rinella, Matthew J. TI Population Dynamics and Impacts of the Red-Headed Leafy Spurge Stem Borer on Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biocontrol; invasive weeds; leafy spurge; Oberea erythrocephala ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; FORAGE PRODUCTION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; APHTHONA SPP.; UNITED-STATES; FLEA BEETLES; HERBICIDES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; ESTABLISHMENT; COLEOPTERA AB We evaluated the efficacy of the biological control agent, red-headed leafy spurge stem borer, against the nonnative invasive plant leafy spurge. Our three treatments were release of the biological control agent into uncaged plots, release of the biological control agent into plots caged to prevent agent escape, and control plots caged to prevent agent entry. These treatments were replicated three times at six sites in the western United States. We measured leafy spurge biomass for 1 or 2 yr following release. We also measured the percentage of leafy spurge stems showing evidence of red-headed leafy spurge stem borer oviposition for either 1 or 2 yr following agent release, depending on the site. Red-headed leafy spurge stem borer did not demonstrably reduce leafy spurge biomass in our study. Moreover, compared to the release year, evidence of red-headed leafy spurge stem borer oviposition declined with time, suggesting the agent population was diminishing. This suggests the agent is incapable of building large populations capable of controlling leafy spurge at the sites we studied. However, after being released, populations of biological control agents sometimes go through long lag phases and then begin rapid population increases, so we cannot completely dismiss the possibility that red-headed leafy spurge stem borer might become effective given more time. C1 [Progar, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Markin, George] US Forest Serv, Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Milan, Joseph] Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83705 USA. [Barbouletos, Tom] US Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Rinella, Matthew J.] USDA ARS, Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Progar, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM rprogar@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Special Technology Development Program. Thanks to Carl Jorgensen, Rick Kelsey, Catherine Parks, Sharlene Sing, and Marty Vavra for helpful reviews of our manuscript. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00056.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 785JJ UT WOS:000292225000002 ER PT J AU Averill, KM DiTommaso, A Mohler, CL Milbrath, LR AF Averill, Kristine M. DiTommaso, Antonio Mohler, Charles L. Milbrath, Lindsey R. TI Survival, Growth, and Fecundity of the Invasive Swallowworts (Vincetoxicum rossicum and V. nigrum) in New York State SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Demography; dog-strangling vine; natural areas; weed ecology ID BUTTERFLIES DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS; SHADE TOLERANCE; INVASIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; DYNAMICS AB Black and pale swallowwort (BSW and PSW, respectively) are perennial, herbaceous vines in the Apocynaceae that are native to Europe. The species are becoming increasingly abundant in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada and are difficult to manage. However, we know little about the demographic parameters of these species. We determined the survival, annual rate of vegetative growth, and fecundity of mature clumps of these swallowwort species. We selected four PSW sires (three of which comprised both old-field and forest habitats) in central New York and three BSW old fields in southeastern New York. BSW is largely restricted to higher light habitats in its introduced range. In each habitat, we followed the growth of 30 to 32 randomly selected clumps of similar size (2 to 5 stems clump(-1) in the initial year) for 3 to 4 yr. Yearly survival was 99.6 +/- 0.3% [mean +/- standard error] for PSW and 100 +/- 0% for BSW. In old fields, vegetative expansion varied from -0.01 +/- 0.1 to 4.6 +/- 0.4 stems clump(-1) yr(-1) for BSW and -0.02 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.5 stems clump(-1) yr(-1) for PSW. In forests, PSW growth was lower with vegetative expansion ranging from -0.01 +/- 0.1 to 0.8 +/- 0.2 stems clump(-1) yr(-1). Fecundity of PSW in 2007 and 2008 (130 +/- 10 viable seeds stem(-1) yr(-1)) was similar to BSW (100 +/- 10 viable seeds stem(-1) yr(-1)). Fecundity of PSW in forests was generally lower than PSW in old fields, but it varied greatly among sites (0 to 170 viable seeds stem(-1) yr(-1)). We found that stem growth and fecundity did not vary with clump size (stems per clump). Since vegetative expansion and fecundity rates were high in old-Field habitats, but were generally low or nonexistent in forest habitats, we suggest that management of these two invasive vines be focused in higher light environments to reduce overall seed production and its subsequent spread to surrounding areas. C1 [Averill, Kristine M.; DiTommaso, Antonio; Mohler, Charles L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Milbrath, Lindsey R.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP DiTommaso, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ad97@cornell.edu RI Averill, Kristine/F-2289-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [1907-22620-003-01S] FX We thank Scott Morris (Cornell) for assistance with all field operations and Jeromy Biazzo (USDA-ARS) in addition to several undergraduate students for their assistance with data collection. We are grateful to the Sykes family and to land managers of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation; The Nature Conservancy; Westchester County Parks; and Cornell Cooperative Extension of Dutchess Co. for allowing us to conduct extended research on their properties. We thank Francoise Vermeylen for statistical advice and Matthew Ryan, the Associate Editor, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service project number 1907-22620-003-01S. This article reports the results of research only; mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 33 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00034.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 785JJ UT WOS:000292225000004 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Sieg, CH Gehring, CA AF Owen, Suzanne M. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Gehring, Catherine A. TI Rehabilitating Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)-Invaded Shrublands Using Imazapic and Seeding with Native Shrubs SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Exotic species management; herbicide; nontarget species; rangeland seeding ID INVASIVE ANNUAL GRASS; GREAT-BASIN; TECTORUM; PLANTS; RESTORATION; ISSUES; SOIL AB Rehabilitation of downy brome-infested shrublands is challenging once this invasive grass dominates native communities. The effectiveness of imazapic herbicide in reducing downy brome cover has been variable, and there is uncertainty about the impacts of imazapic on native species. We used a before-after-control-impact (BACI) field experiment and greenhouse studies to (1) determine if imazapic herbicide applied at 132 g ai ha(-1) (8 oz/ac(-1)) and seeding with two native shrub species (Wyoming big sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata] and Mexican cliffrose [Purshia mexicana]) reduced downy brome cover and promoted shrub establishment, (2) assess potential effects of imazapic on nontarget plant species and plant community composition, and (3) determine if imazapic affected downy brome or seeded shrub species when applied at different developmental stages. Seeding shrubs, alone, or in combination with imazapic application, did not significantly increase shrub density, possibly because of droughty conditions. In the field, imazapic reduced downy brome cover by 20% and nontarget forb cover by 25% and altered plant community composition the first year after treatment. Imazapic was lethal to downy brome at all growth stages in the greenhouse and reduced shrub germination by 50 to 80%, but older shrub seedlings were more tolerant of the herbicide. We conclude that a one-time application of imazapic combined with seeding shrubs was only slightly effective in rehabilitating areas with high downy brome and thatch cover and resulted in short-term impacts to nontarget species. These results highlight the need to treat downy brome infestations before they become too large. Also, removing thatch prior to treating with imazapic, although likely lethal to the native shrubs we studied, could increase the effectiveness of imazapic. C1 [Owen, Suzanne M.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Owen, SM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smowen@fs.fed.us FU Kaibab National Forest; Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative (GLCI); USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) [69-9457-6-037]; Arizona Game and Fish Department; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [07-JV-11221615-255] FX We thank Ron Sieg for providing oversight for the field treatments and contractors: Maple Leaf Seed Co. collected local seed; Revegetation Services Inc. seeded the plots; and Horizon Environmental Services Inc. applied herbicide treatments. We also thank Nate Hubert, Sam Correa, Michael Pass, Anna Lowell, Colleen Cooley, Sara Jenkins, Mara Trushell, Adam Bland, Tania Begaye, Chris Olson, Addie Hite, and the NAU Gehring Laboratory group for field assistance and support; Rudy King for help with the study design; and the Kaibab National Forest for their support. Research was funded by the Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative (GLCI), an organization of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS no. 69-9457-6-037); the Arizona Game and Fish Department, and the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Research Joint Venture Agreement 07-JV-11221615-255). NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 33 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00054.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 785JJ UT WOS:000292225000007 ER PT J AU Carlson, JC Franklin, AB Hyatt, DR Pettit, SE Linz, GM AF Carlson, James C. Franklin, Alan B. Hyatt, Doreene R. Pettit, Susan E. Linz, George M. TI The role of starlings in the spread of Salmonella within concentrated animal feeding operations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; European starlings; foodborne pathogens; invasive species; peridomestic wildlife; Salmonella enterica; wildlife disease; zoonosis ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RISK-FACTORS; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; FEEDLOT CATTLE; DAIRY HERDS; PREVALENCE; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERICA; DISEASE; BIRDS AB P>1. Characterizing and mitigating the disease risks associated with wildlife use of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can reduce the spread of micro-organisms throughout the environment while increasing agricultural productivity. To better understand the disease risks associated with bird use of CAFOs, we assessed the capacity of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris to spread Salmonella enterica to cattle, their feed and water. 2. We sampled starlings, cattle feed, cattle water and cattle faeces from 10 CAFOs in Texas, USA. Samples were screened for Salmonella enterica to investigate: (i) the prevalence of S. enterica in starlings using CAFOs, (ii) whether there was a relationship between cattle infections and starling numbers, and (iii) if S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and water was related to numbers of starlings observed on CAFOs. 3. We used generalized linear mixed logistic regression models to assess the importance of starlings, cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables in the transmission of S. enterica to cattle, feed troughs and water troughs in CAFOs. 4. Starling gastrointestinal tract samples tested positive for S. enterica (2 center dot 5% prevalence; 95% CI = 0 center dot 3%, 8 center dot 6%) and starlings were retained as model covariates in the best supported logistic regression models for S. enterica contamination within cattle feed, water and faeces. 5. Salmonella enterica contamination of both cattle feed troughs and water troughs is significantly related to numbers of starlings. Contamination in cattle feed increased as more starlings entered feed troughs. Contamination in water troughs increased asymptotically as numbers of starlings on CAFOs increased. Starling variables in the cattle faecal shedding model were not significant. 6. Synthesis and applications. The numbers of European starlings better explained S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and water than other variables including cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables. This suggests that starlings are a source of S. enterica contamination in CAFOs. Thus, starling management tools such as population control, habitat management, exclusionary devises and bird repellents may be used to reduce the amplification and spread of disease within livestock production systems. C1 [Carlson, James C.; Franklin, Alan B.; Pettit, Susan E.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hyatt, Doreene R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Diagnost Labs, Bacteriol Sect, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Linz, George M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Carlson, JC (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.c.carlson@aphis.usda.gov RI Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01935.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 734YI UT WOS:000288379000024 ER PT J AU Shoo, LP Olson, DH McMenamin, SK Murray, KA Van Sluys, M Donnelly, MA Stratford, D Terhivuo, J Merino-Viteri, A Herbert, SM Bishop, PJ Corn, PS Dovey, L Griffiths, RA Lowe, K Mahony, M McCallum, H Shuker, JD Simpkins, C Skerratt, LF Williams, SE Hero, JM AF Shoo, Luke P. Olson, Deanna H. McMenamin, Sarah K. Murray, Kris A. Van Sluys, Monique Donnelly, Maureen A. Stratford, Danial Terhivuo, Juhani Merino-Viteri, Andres Herbert, Sarah M. Bishop, Phillip J. Corn, Paul Stephen Dovey, Liz Griffiths, Richard A. Lowe, Katrin Mahony, Michael McCallum, Hamish Shuker, Jonathan D. Simpkins, Clay Skerratt, Lee F. Williams, Stephen E. Hero, Jean-Marc TI Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE adaptation management; desiccation; hydroperiod; microclimate; microhabitat; refuge; restoration; thermal stress ID PLAIN DEPRESSION WETLANDS; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; COSTA-RICA; CONSERVATION; DISEASE; MANAGEMENT; FROG; DECLINES; FOREST; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS AB P>1. Altered global climates in the 21st century pose serious threats for biological systems and practical actions are needed to mount a response for species at risk. 2. We identify management actions from across the world and from diverse disciplines that are applicable to minimizing loss of amphibian biodiversity under climate change. Actions were grouped under three thematic areas of intervention: (i) installation of microclimate and microhabitat refuges; (ii) enhancement and restoration of breeding sites; and (iii) manipulation of hydroperiod or water levels at breeding sites. 3. Synthesis and applications. There are currently few meaningful management actions that will tangibly impact the pervasive threat of climate change on amphibians. A host of potentially useful but poorly tested actions could be incorporated into local or regional management plans, programmes and activities for amphibians. Examples include: installation of irrigation sprayers to manipulate water potentials at breeding sites; retention or supplementation of natural and artificial shelters (e.g. logs, cover boards) to reduce desiccation and thermal stress; manipulation of canopy cover over ponds to reduce water temperature; and, creation of hydrologoically diverse wetland habitats capable of supporting larval development under variable rainfall regimes. We encourage researchers and managers to design, test and scale up new initiatives to respond to this emerging crisis. C1 [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McMenamin, Sarah K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Murray, Kris A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Van Sluys, Monique] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, IBRAG, Dept Ecol, BR-20550900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Van Sluys, Monique; Stratford, Danial; Lowe, Katrin; Shuker, Jonathan D.; Simpkins, Clay; Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Futures Ctr, Gold Coast Campus, Qld, Australia. [Donnelly, Maureen A.] Florida Int Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Donnelly, Maureen A.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Terhivuo, Juhani] Univ Helsinki, Museum Zool, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Merino-Viteri, Andres] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador. [Herbert, Sarah M.] EcoGecko Consultants, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. [Bishop, Phillip J.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Dovey, Liz] Dept Climate Change, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Griffiths, Richard A.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Mahony, Michael] Univ Newcastle, Dept Biol Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [McCallum, Hamish] Griffith Univ, Environm Futures Ctr, Sch Environm, Nathan Campus, Qld, Australia. [Skerratt, Lee F.] James Cook Univ, Amphibian Dis Ecol Grp, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Shoo, Luke P.; Merino-Viteri, Andres; Williams, Stephen E.] James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Biodivers & Climate Change, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Shoo, LP (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM l.shoo@uq.edu.au RI Simpkins, Clay/E-9665-2011; Lowe, Katrin/F-1612-2011; McMenamin, Sarah/A-3480-2011; Dovey, Liz/H-4932-2013; Skerratt, Lee/L-2797-2013; Shoo, Luke/A-2715-2009; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; McCallum, Hamish/E-1638-2013 OI Shuker, Jon/0000-0002-0813-7402; McCallum, Hamish/0000-0002-3493-0412 NR 70 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 11 U2 123 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01942.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 734YI UT WOS:000288379000025 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Afuola, F Li, QX AF Chang, C. L. Afuola, F. Li, Q. X. TI Canola, corn, and vegetable oils as alternatives for wheat germ oil in fruit fly larval diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit fly; liquid larval diet; wheat germ oil ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Four wheat germ oil alternatives (corn oil, vegetable oil, canola oil with 10% vitamin E, and canola oil with 20% vitamin E), purchased from a local supermarket in Hawaii, were added to a fruit fly liquid larval diet as a replacement for wheat germ oil in the rearing of fruit fly larvae. The oils were tested on three species of fruit flies in Hawaii, Ceratitis capitata (TSL strain), Bactrocera dorsalis, and Bactrocera cucurbitae. They were evaluated for their efficacy in replacing WGO, based on: pupal recovery (%), larval duration (d), pupal weight (mg), adult emergence (%), adult fliers (%), mating (%), egg production per female per day, egg hatch (%), and peak egging period (d). Diets with WGO and without any oil were used as controls. The objective of the study was to select the most cost effective alternative oils with the best performance to replace the currently used WGO, which is pricey and hard to find. The results showed that there was no significant difference in performance among the tested oils in B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis as regards the above mentioned parameters. Lower mating rate was observed in B. cucurbitae from those reared in vegetable oil and canola oil (10% vitamin E) diet. Lower egg production and egg hatch were obtained with B. dorsalis whose larvae were reared in vegetable and canola oil (both 10% and 20% vitamin E). Vegetable oil diet seemed to reduce pupal weight, shorten larval duration, and increase pupal recovery of C. capitata. The results suggest that WGO can be substituted with corn oil, vegetable oil, or canola oils for B. cucurbitae, while corn oil is a better alternative for B. dorsalis, and vegetable oil is best for C. capitata. C1 [Chang, C. L.] US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Afuola, F.; Li, Q. X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 64 Nowelo St, Honolulu, HI 96720 USA. EM stella.chang@ars.usda.gov FU NIH; USDA-ARS [58-5320-3-315] FX The authors thank Monica Lee, Thomas Mangine, and Margaret Wilson for helping to collect data. Fasia Afuola was a recipient of the NIH STEP-UP 2008 summer scholarship. The work was supported in part with USDA-ARS award 58-5320-3-315. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 135 IS 3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01498.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734ZM UT WOS:000288382600001 ER PT J AU Livingston, K Jiang, XW Stephensen, C AF Livingston, Kimberly Jiang, Xiaowen Stephensen, Charles TI CD4 T-helper cell cytokine phenotypes following tetanus toxoid immunization SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Livingston, Kimberly; Jiang, Xiaowen; Stephensen, Charles] USDA, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 186 SU 1 MA 52.3 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44LY UT WOS:000209751701019 ER PT J AU Patch, J Pedersen, L Kenney, M Pacheco, J Glabman, R Pandya, M Nielsen, M Buus, S Golde, W AF Patch, Jared Pedersen, Lasse Kenney, Mary Pacheco, Juan Glabman, Raisa Pandya, Mital Nielsen, Morten Buus, Soren Golde, William TI Analysis of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response of MHC-defined swine to foot-and-mouth disease virus SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Patch, Jared; Pedersen, Lasse; Kenney, Mary; Pacheco, Juan; Glabman, Raisa; Pandya, Mital; Golde, William] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [Pedersen, Lasse; Nielsen, Morten] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pedersen, Lasse; Nielsen, Morten] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pedersen, Lasse; Buus, Soren] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Immunol, Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 186 SU 1 MA 170.14 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44LY UT WOS:000209751708120 ER PT J AU Zhu, XP Li, ZL Palaniyandi, S Zeng, RY Tuo, WB Roopenian, D AF Zhu, Xiaoping Li, Zili Palaniyandi, Senthilkumar Zeng, Rongyu Tuo, Wenbin Roopenian, Derry TI Transfer of IgG in the female genital tract by the FcRn confers protective immunity to vaginal infection SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhu, Xiaoping; Li, Zili; Palaniyandi, Senthilkumar; Zeng, Rongyu] Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Immunol Lab, Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roopenian, Derry] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Tuo, Wenbin] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 186 SU 1 MA 59.3 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44LY UT WOS:000209751701183 ER PT J AU Bavan, S Farmer, L Singh, SK Straub, VA Guerrero, FD Ennion, SJ AF Bavan, Selvan Farmer, Louise Singh, Shire K. Straub, Volko A. Guerrero, Felix D. Ennion, Steven J. TI The Penultimate Arginine of the Carboxyl Terminus Determines Slow Desensitization in a P2X Receptor from the Cattle Tick Boophilus microplus SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATP-GATED CHANNELS; IVERMECTIN; IDENTIFICATION; RESIDUES; SUBUNIT; AMITRAZ; TRAFFICKING; ECTODOMAIN; KINETICS; TRIMERS AB P2X ion channels have been functionally characterized from a range of eukaryotes. Although these receptors can be broadly classified into fast and slow desensitizing, the molecular mechanisms underlying current desensitization are not fully understood. Here, we describe the characterization of a P2X receptor from the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (BmP2X) displaying extremely slow current kinetics, little desensitization during ATP application, and marked rundown in current amplitude between sequential responses. ATP (EC(50), 67.1 mu M) evoked concentration-dependent currents at BmP2X that were antagonized by suramin (IC(50), 4.8 mu M) and potentiated by the antiparasitic drug amitraz. Ivermectin did not potentiate BmP2X currents, but the mutation M362L conferred ivermectin sensitivity. To investigate the mechanisms underlying slow desensitization we generated intracellular domain chimeras between BmP2X and the rapidly desensitizing P2X receptor from Hypsibius dujardini. Exchange of N or C termini between these fast-and slow-desensitizing receptors altered the rate of current desensitization toward that of the donor channel. Truncation of the BmP2X C terminus identified the penultimate residue (Arg413) as important for slow desensitization. Removal of positive charge at this position in the mutant R413A resulted in significantly faster desensitization, which was further accentuated by the negatively charged substitution R413D. R413A and R413D, however, still displayed current rundown to sequential ATP application. Mutation to a positive charge (R413K) reconstituted the wild-type phenotype. This study identifies a new determinant of P2X desensitization where positive charge at the end of the C terminal regulates current flow and further demonstrates that rundown and desensitization are governed by distinct mechanisms. C1 [Bavan, Selvan; Farmer, Louise; Singh, Shire K.; Straub, Volko A.; Ennion, Steven J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Cell Physiol & Pharmacol, Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England. [Guerrero, Felix D.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Ennion, SJ (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Cell Physiol & Pharmacol, Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England. EM se15@le.ac.uk RI Straub, Volko/M-9994-2015; OI Straub, Volko/0000-0003-0437-7449 FU Wellcome Trust [WT081601MA]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council FX This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [Grant WT081601MA] and a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Studentship (to S.B.). NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 79 IS 4 BP 776 EP 785 DI 10.1124/mol.110.070037 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 737BA UT WOS:000288541200016 PM 21212138 ER PT J AU Zhang, SJ Flores-Cruz, Z Zhou, LJ Kang, BH Fleites, LA Gooch, MD Wulff, NA Davis, MJ Duan, YP Gabriel, DW AF Zhang, Shujian Flores-Cruz, Zomary Zhou, Lijuan Kang, Byung-Ho Fleites, Laura A. Gooch, Mark D. Wulff, Nelson A. Davis, Michael J. Duan, Yong-Ping Gabriel, Dean W. TI 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID HUANGLONGBING GREENING DISEASE; CITRUS PLANTS; MYCOPLASMALIKE BODIES; DODDER TRANSMISSION; SAO-PAULO; CANDIDATUS; BACTERIA; DNA; AMERICANUS; DROSOPHILA AB Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a lethal disease of citrus caused by several species of 'Candidatus Liberibacter', a psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited, alpha proteobacteria. 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' is widespread in Florida citrus. The recently published 'Ca. L. asiaticus' psy62 genome, derived from a psyllid, revealed a prophage-like region of DNA in the genome, but phage have not been associated with 'Ca. L. asiaticus' to date. In the present study, shotgun sequencing and a fosmid DNA library of curated 'Ca. L. asiaticus' UF506, originally derived from citrus symptomatic for HLB, revealed two largely homologous, circular phage genomes, SC1 and SC2. SC2 encoded putative adhesin and peroxidase genes that had not previously been identified in 'Ca. L. asiaticus' and which may be involved in lysogenic conversion. SC2 also appeared to lack lytic cycle genes and replicated as a prophage excision plasmid, in addition to being found integrated in tandem with SC1 in the UF506 chromosome. By contrast, SC1 carried suspected lytic cycle genes and was found in nonintegrated, lytic cycle forms only in planta. Phage particles associated with 'Ca. L. asiaticus' were found in the phloem of infected periwinkles by transmission electron microscopy. In psyllids, both SC1 and SC2 were found only as prophage. C1 [Zhang, Shujian; Flores-Cruz, Zomary; Fleites, Laura A.; Gabriel, Dean W.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zhou, Lijuan] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Kang, Byung-Ho] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gooch, Mark D.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Wulff, Nelson A.] Fundecitrus, Dept Cient, BR-14807040 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. [Davis, Michael J.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Duan, Yong-Ping] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Gabriel, DW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dgabr@ufl.edu RI Zhang, Shujian/E-8504-2011; Wulff, Nelson/A-2881-2013; Kang, Byung-Ho/F-5262-2013 FU United States Department of Agriculture APHIS [06-8100-1103 CA]; Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program [65] FX We thank P. A. Rayside and S. Reddy (Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville) for their excellent technical assistance in 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strain curation and 'Ca. L. asiaticus' plant infections. We thank D. S. Williams (Microbiology and Cell Science Dept, University of Florida) for TEM imaging. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture APHIS award 06-8100-1103 CA and by Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program award #65. NR 63 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0256 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 735JC UT WOS:000288409200007 PM 21190436 ER PT J AU Choi, YE Goodwin, SB AF Choi, Yoon-E Goodwin, Stephen B. TI Gene Encoding a c-Type Cyclin in Mycosphaerella graminicola Is Involved in Aerial Mycelium Formation, Filamentous Growth, Hyphal Swelling, Melanin Biosynthesis, Stress Response, and Pathogenicity SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; FUNGAL MELANIN; PROTEIN-KINASE; CONIDIATION; YEAST; WHEAT; PIGMENTS; FCC1 AB Mycosphaerella graminicola is an important wheat pathogen causing Septoria tritici blotch. To date, an efficient strategy to control M. graminicola has not been developed. More significantly, we have a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms of M. graminicola pathogenicity. In this study, we attempted to characterize an MCC1-encoding c-type cyclin, a gene homologous to FCC1 in Fusarium verticillioides. Four independent MCC1 knock-out mutants were generated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. All of the MCC1 mutants showed consistent multiple phenotypes. Significant reductions in radial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were observed in all of the MCC1 mutants. In addition, MCC1 gene-deletion mutants produced less aerial mycelium on PDA, showed delayed filamentous growth, had unusual hyphal swellings, produced more melanin, showed an increase in their stress tolerance response, and were reduced significantly in pathogenicity. These results indicate that the MCC1 gene is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including those involved in pathogenicity in M. graminicola. C1 [Choi, Yoon-E; Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 FU United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [3602-22000-015-00D] FX We thank L. Dunkle and C. Woloshuk for critical reading of the manuscript; and L. Dunkle, T. Mengiste, and R. Latin for use of microscopes and experimental equipment. This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) CRIS project 3602-22000-015-00D and by a USDA-ARS Administrator-Funded postdoctoral position to Y.-E. Choi. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1094/MPMI-04-10-0090 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 735JC UT WOS:000288409200008 PM 21171890 ER PT J AU Li, YM Wang, CF Liu, WD Wang, GH Kang, ZS Kistler, HC Xu, JR AF Li, Yimin Wang, Chenfang Liu, Wende Wang, Guanghui Kang, Zhensheng Kistler, H. Corby Xu, Jin-Rong TI The HDF1 Histone Deacetylase Gene Is Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RICE BLAST DISEASE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; REGULATES GROWTH; PLANT INFECTION; WHEAT SPIKES; HEAD BLIGHT; VIRULENCE; DISRUPTION AB Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley. Its genome contains chromosomal regions with higher genetic variation and enriched for genes expressed in planta, suggesting a role of chromatin modification in the regulation of infection-related genes. In a previous study, the FTL1 gene was characterized as a novel virulence factor in the head blight fungus. FTL1 is homologous to yeast SIF2, which is a component of the Set3 complex. Many members of the yeast Set3 complex, including Hos2 histone deacetylase (HDAC), are conserved in E graminearum. In this study, we characterized the HDF1 gene that is orthologous to HOS2. HDF1 physically interacted with FTL1 in yeast two-hybrid assays. Deletion of HDF1 resulted in a significant reduction in virulence and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The Delta hdf1 mutant failed to spread from the inoculation site to other parts of wheat heads or corn stalks. It was defective in sexual reproduction and significantly reduced in conidiation. Expression of HDF1 was highest in conidia in comparison with germlings and hyphae. Deletion of HDF1 also resulted in a 60% reduction in HDAC activity. Microarray analysis revealed that 149 and 253 genes were down- and upregulated, respectively, over fivefold in the Delta hdf1 mutant. Consistent with upregulation of putative catalase and peroxidase genes, the Delta hdf1 mutant was more tolerant to H(2)O(2) than the wild type. Deletion of the other two class II HDAC genes had no obvious effect on vegetative growth and resulted in only a minor reduction in conidiation and virulence in the Delta hdf2 mutant. Overall, our results indicate that HDF1 is the major class II HDAC gene in F. graminearum. It may interact with Fill and function as a component in a well-conserved HDAC complex in the regulation of conidiation, DON production, and pathogenesis. C1 [Li, Yimin; Wang, Chenfang; Wang, Guanghui; Kang, Zhensheng; Xu, Jin-Rong] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, Peoples R China. [Li, Yimin; Wang, Chenfang; Wang, Guanghui; Kang, Zhensheng; Xu, Jin-Rong] NW A&F Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, Peoples R China. [Li, Yimin; Liu, Wende; Xu, Jin-Rong] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xu, JR (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, Peoples R China. EM jinrong@purdue.edu RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008 FU Ministry of Education of China [B07049]; National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2007-35319-102681]; US WBSI FX We thank L. Dunk le and S. Goodwin at Purdue University for critical reading of this manuscript, Q. Hang and K. Zhang at Northwestern A&F University for technical assistance during this study, and Y. Dong for assistance with DON detection. This work was supported by the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049) and grants to J.-R. Xu from the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (no. 2007-35319-102681) and the US WBSI. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 487 EP 496 DI 10.1094/MPMI-10-10-0233 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 735JC UT WOS:000288409200010 PM 21138346 ER PT J AU Singh, AK Fu, DQ El-Habbak, M Navarre, D Ghabrial, S Kachroo, A AF Singh, Ajay Kumar Fu, Da-Qi El-Habbak, Mohamed Navarre, Duroy Ghabrial, Said Kachroo, Aardra TI Silencing Genes Encoding Omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Alters Seed Size and Accumulation of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID DEFENSE-SIGNALING PATHWAYS; LINOLENIC ACID CONTENT; TURNIP-CRINKLE-VIRUS; SALICYLIC-ACID; JASMONIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INDUCED RESISTANCE; GLYCINE-MAX; EXPRESSION; MUTANT AB Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3)-catalyzed conversion of linoleic acid to linolenic acid (18:3) is an important step for the biosynthesis of fatty acids as well as the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) in plants. We report that silencing three microsomal isoforms of GmFAD3 enhanced the accumulation of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in soybean. The GmFAD3-silenced plants also accumulated higher levels of JA, even though they contained slightly reduced levels of 18:3. Consequently, the GmFAD3-silenced plants expressed JA-responsive pathogenesis-related genes constitutively and exhibited enhanced susceptibility to virulent Pseudomonas syringae. Increased accumulation of BPMV in GmFAD3-silenced plants was likely associated with their JA levels, because exogenous JA application also increased BPMV accumulation. The JA-derived increase in BPMV levels was likely not due to repression of salicylic acid (SA)-derived signaling because the GmFAD3-silenced plants were enhanced in SA-dependent defenses. Furthermore, neither exogenous SA application nor silencing the SA-synthesizing phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene altered BPMV levels in soybean. In addition to the altered defense responses, the GmFAD3-silenced plants also produced significantly larger and heavier seed. Our results indicate that loss of GmFAD3 enhances JA accumulation and, thereby, susceptibility to BPMV in soybean. C1 [Singh, Ajay Kumar; Fu, Da-Qi; El-Habbak, Mohamed; Ghabrial, Said; Kachroo, Aardra] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Navarre, Duroy] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kachroo, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM apkach2@uky.edu FU United Soybean Board [9244]; USDA-NRI [2006-01854]; Kentucky Soybean Promotion Board FX We thank W. Havens for technical assistance, J. Johnson for help with FA analysis, A. Crume for maintaining plants, and P. Kachroo for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the United Soybean Board (project 9244), USDA-NRI (2006-01854), and the Kentucky Soybean Promotion Board to A. Kachroo and S. Ghabrial. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0201 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 735JC UT WOS:000288409200012 PM 21117867 ER PT J AU Ostry, ME Venette, RC Juzwik, J AF Ostry, M. E. Venette, R. C. Juzwik, J. TI Decline as a Disease Category: Is It Helpful? SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUGAR MAPLE DECLINE; FOREST DECLINE; TREE DEATH; GROWTH DECLINE; CENTRAL-EUROPE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; OAK DECLINE; RED SPRUCE; DIEBACK AB Many, but not all, forest pathologists use "decline" to describe forest tree diseases of complex etiology. We contend that this distinction from abiotic or biotic diseases is completely arbitrary, has caused undue confusion, and provides no practical insights for forest managers. All diseases are complex and can be characterized within the conceptual framework of the disease triangle. Why do we use a simple label ("decline") to describe disease situations of complex abiotic and biotic origin when we need to know which damaging agents are present, whether the environment is conducive for disease progression, and host susceptibility over time to understand the origins and management of disease? We propose that forest pathologists discontinue the use of "decline" as a distinct category of disease. Furthermore, we suggest that new diseases should be named based on the affected host, characteristic symptom, and, once known, major determinant. We believe that clearer communication in describing complex diseases is a prerequisite to finding effective management options. C1 [Ostry, M. E.; Venette, R. C.; Juzwik, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mostry@fs.fed.us NR 85 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 404 EP 409 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-06-10-0153 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 737TN UT WOS:000288591200002 PM 21171887 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Handoo, ZA Zasada, IA Ingham, RE Carta, LK Chitwood, DJ AF Skantar, A. M. Handoo, Z. A. Zasada, I. A. Ingham, R. E. Carta, L. K. Chitwood, D. J. TI Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Globodera Populations from Oregon and Idaho SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection; diagnosis; morphology; PCR; potato; RFLP; Solanum tuberosum; taxonomy ID POTATO CYST-NEMATODE; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; REAL-TIME PCR; SOLANACEOUS PLANTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; UNITED-STATES; PALLIDA; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB An unusual population of cyst nematode was found in soils collected from a Powell Butte, OR field with a cropping history including potato, wheat, other crops, and significant weed presence. These nematodes could not be placed with certainty into any known species and exhibited sonic unique morphological features in some specimens. Compared with Globodera pallida, the cyst body length was slightly longer and the second-stage juvenile stylet length was slightly shorter. In some individuals, the J2 stylet knob height was greater and the tail annules were more prominent than in G. pallida, and the tail abruptly narrowed, with a slight constriction near the posterior third of the hyaline terminus. Compared with G. rostochiensis, the hyaline tail terminus had a larger number of refractive bodies, and cysts of this population had a smaller Granek's ratio and fewer cuticular ridges between the anus and vulva. In some individuals, the tail termini of second-stage juveniles were more bluntly pointed, and the stylet knobs were more anteriorly directed with greater height. Unlike G. tabacum, the cyst wall often lacked a network-like pattern and, in some individuals, the juvenile tail terminus distinctly narrowed after a constriction. Molecularly, the population was distinct from G. pallida, G. rostochiensis, and G. tabacum. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region gave results similar to G. tabacum; however, ITS restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns were observed to have individual bands in common with G. rostochiensis and G. pallida. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS 1 and -2 rDNA sequences showed greatest similarity to populations from Argentina and Chile; together, they form a moderately supported clade, distinct from G. rostochiensis, G. tabacum, G. "mexicana," European type G. pallida, and several G. pallida populations from South America. C1 [Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.; Carta, L. K.; Chitwood, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zasada, I. A.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Ingham, R. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Skantar, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM andrea.skantar@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 480 EP 491 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-10-0010 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 737TN UT WOS:000288591200011 PM 21391826 ER PT J AU Davidson, JM Patterson, HA Wickland, AC Fichtner, EJ Rizzo, DM AF Davidson, Jennifer M. Patterson, Heather A. Wickland, Allison C. Fichtner, Elizabeth J. Rizzo, David M. TI Forest Type Influences Transmission of Phytophthora ramorum in California Oak Woodlands SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geographic mosaic; host x pathogen interaction; Lithocarpus densiflorus; microclimate; Quercus agrifolia; sudden oak death ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REDWOOD FOREST; PATHOGEN; LEAF; DISEASE; OREGON; TREE; ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; SEVERITY AB The transmission ecology of Phytopluhora ramorum from bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) leaves was compared between mixed-evergreen and redwood forest types throughout winter and summer disease cycles in central, coastal California. In a preliminary multisite study, we found that abscission rates of infected leaves were higher at mixed-evergreen sites. In addition, final infection counts were slightly higher at mixed-evergreen sites or not significantly different than at redwood sites, in part due to competition from other foliar pathogens at redwood sites. In a subsequent, detailed study of paired sites where P. ramorum was the main foliar pathogen, summer survival of P ramorum in bay laurel leaves was lower in mixed-evergreen forest due to lower recovery from infected attached leaves and higher abscission rates of infected leaves. Onset of inoculum production and new infections of bay laurel leaves occurred later in mixed-evergreen forest. Mean inoculum levels in rainwater and final infection counts on leaves were higher in redwood forest. Based on these two studies, lower summer survival of reservoir inoculum in bay laurel leaves in mixed-evergreen forest may result in delayed onset of both inoculum production and new infections, leading to slower disease progress in the early rainy season compared with redwood forest. Although final infection counts also will depend on other foliar pathogens and disease history, in sites where P ramorum is the main foliar pathogen, these transmission patterns suggest higher rates of disease spread in redwood forests during rainy seasons of short or average length. C1 [Patterson, Heather A.; Wickland, Allison C.; Fichtner, Elizabeth J.; Rizzo, David M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Davidson, Jennifer M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Davidson, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, 2538 McCathy Mall,Edmondson 152, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jmd@hawaii.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases [EE-0622770] FX We thank the California State Parks, Mann Municipal Water District, Mann Open Space District, Muir Woods National Monument, Skyline Park, the Schneider Family, and especially Jack London State Park, the Sonoma Developmental Center, and Fairfield Osborn Preserve for permission to conduct research in their forests; Jack London State Park, J. Clothier, and P. Maloney for contributing rainfall data; K. Falk, A. Adie, R. Albright, J. Bienapfl, K. Covington, K. Crandall, C. Friel, L. Douhan, K. Huryn, C. Jensen, S. Kane, S. Langley, S. Lynch, G. Slaughter, M. Voigt, G. Walden, and J. Zanzot for providing superb assistance; T. Swiecki and E. Bernhardt for excellent work with the pressure bomb; D. Carlon, D. Huberli, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript; and the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program EE-0622770 for funding. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-10-0064 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 737TN UT WOS:000288591200012 PM 21391827 ER PT J AU Ramming, DW Gabler, F Smilanick, J Cadle-Davidson, M Barba, P Mahanil, S Cadle-Davidson, L AF Ramming, David W. Gabler, Franka Smilanick, Joe Cadle-Davidson, Molly Barba, Paola Mahanil, Siraprapa Cadle-Davidson, Lance TI A Single Dominant Locus, Ren4, Confers Rapid Non-Race-Specific Resistance to Grapevine Powdery Mildew SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mlg; PAMP-triggered immunity; Uncinula necator ID DEFENSE SIGNALING PATHWAYS; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; FUNGAL DISEASE RESISTANCE; UNCINULA-NECATOR; NONHOST RESISTANCE; CALLOSE SYNTHASE; ERYSIPHE-NECATOR; BARLEY; GENE; IMMUNITY AB In the present study we screened the progeny of Vitis vinifera x V romanetii populations segregating for resistance to powdery mildew and determined the presence of a single, dominant locus. Ren4, conferring rapid and extreme resistance to the grapevine powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator. In each of nine Ren4 pseudo-backcross 2 (pBC(2)) and pBC(3) populations (1,030 progeny), resistance fit a 1:1 segregation ratio and overall segregated as 543 resistant progeny to 487 susceptible. In fullsib progeny, microscopic observations revealed the reduction of penetration success rate (as indicated by the emergence of secondary hyphae) from 86% in susceptible progeny to below 10% in resistant progeny. Similarly, extreme differences were seen macroscopically. Ratings for Ren4 pBC(2) population 03-3004 screened using natural infection in a California vineyard and greenhouse and using artificial inoculation of an aggressive New York isolate were fully consistent among all three pathogen sources and environments. From 2006 to 2010, Ren4 pBC(2) and pBC3 vines were continuously screened in California and New York (in the center of diversity for E. necator), and no sporulating colonies were observed. For population 03-3004, severity ratings on leaves, shoots, berries, and rachises were highly correlated (R-2 = 0.875 to 0.996) in the vineyard. Together, these data document a powdery mildew resistance mechanism not previously described in the Vitaceae or elsewhere, in which a dominantly inherited resistance prevents hyphal emergence and is non-race-specific and tissue-independent. In addition to its role in breeding for durable resistance. Ren4 may provide mechanistic insights into the early events that enable powdery mildew infection. C1 [Cadle-Davidson, Molly; Mahanil, Siraprapa; Cadle-Davidson, Lance] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Ramming, David W.; Gabler, Franka; Smilanick, Joe] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Barba, Paola] New York State Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM Lance.CadleDavidson@ars.usda.gov FU American Vineyard Foundation; California Table Grape Commission; California Raisin Marketing Board; Viticultural Consortium West; California Competitive Grants Program for Viticulture and Enology FX This research was supported by the American Vineyard Foundation, California Table Grape Commission, California Raisin Marketing Board, Viticultural Consortium West, and the California Competitive Grants Program for Viticulture and Enology. We thank J. Barnard for discussions related to the statistical analyses presented here. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-10-0237 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 737TN UT WOS:000288591200013 PM 21091183 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, C Liu, ZR Scorza, R AF Srinivasan, C. Liu, Zongrang Scorza, Ralph TI Ectopic expression of class 1 KNOX genes induce adventitious shoot regeneration and alter growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) and European plum (Prunus domestica L) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Adventitious shoot regeneration; Tobacco; Plum; Corn and apple KNOX1 genes; Altered leaf morphology ID HOMEOBOX GENE; APICAL MERISTEM; COMPOUND LEAF; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; CYTOKININ; OVEREXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; TOMATO; KNAT1; TRANSFORMATION AB Transgenic plants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) and European plum (Prunus domestica L) were produced by transforming with the apple class 1 KNOX genes (MdKN1 and MdKN2) or corn KNOX1 gene. Transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated in vitro from transformed leaf discs cultured in a medium lacking cytokinin. Ectopic expression of KNOX genes retarded shoot growth by suppressing elongation of internodes in transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of each of the three KNOX1 genes induced malformation and extensive lobbing in tobacco leaves. In situ regeneration of adventitious shoots was observed from leaves and roots of transgenic tobacco plants expressing each of the three KNOX genes. In vitro culture of leaf explants and internode sections excised from in vitro grown MdKN1 expressing tobacco shoots regenerated adventitious shoots on MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) basal medium in the absence of exogenous cytokinin. Transgenic plum plants that expressed the MdKN2 or corn KNOX1 gene grew normally but MdKN1 caused a significant reduction in plant height, leaf shape and size and produced malformed curly leaves. A high frequency of adventitious shoot regeneration (96%) was observed in cultures of leaf explants excised from corn KNOX1-expressing transgenic plum shoots. In contrast to KNOX1-expressing tobacco, leaf and internode explants of corn KNOX1-expressing plum required synthetic cytokinin (thidiazuron) in the culture medium to induce adventitious shoot regeneration. The induction of high-frequency regeneration of adventitious shoots in vitro from leaves and stem internodal sections of plum through the ectopic expression of a KNOX1 gene is the first such report for a woody perennial fruit trees. C1 [Srinivasan, C.; Liu, Zongrang; Scorza, Ralph] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Srinivasan, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Chinnathambi.Srinivasan@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1007/s00299-010-0993-7 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 735ES UT WOS:000288396800018 PM 21212958 ER PT J AU Moon, HS Abercrombie, LL Eda, S Blanvillain, R Thomson, JG Ow, DW Stewart, CN AF Moon, Hong S. Abercrombie, Laura L. Eda, Shigetoshi Blanvillain, Robert Thomson, James G. Ow, David W. Stewart, C. N., Jr. TI Transgene excision in pollen using a codon optimized serine resolvase CinH-RS2 site-specific recombination system SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CinH-RS2; Pollen; Transgene excision; Site-specific recombination; Biocontainment; Green fluorescent protein (GFP); Flow cytometry ID ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES-ROUXII; GIN RECOMBINASE; BRASSICA-NAPUS; OILSEED RAPE; PLANT-CELLS; GENE; CONTAINMENT; TOBACCO; CROPS; EXPRESSION AB Transgene escape, a major environmental and regulatory concern in transgenic crop cultivation, could be alleviated by removing transgenes from pollen, the most frequent vector for transgene flow. A transgene excision vector containing a codon optimized serine resolvase CinH recombinase (CinH) and its recognition sites RS2 were constructed and transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). CinH recombinase recognized 119 bp of nucleic acid sequences, RS2, in pollen and excised the transgene flanked by the RS2 sites. In this system, the pollen-specific LAT52 promoter from tomato was employed to control the expression of CinH recombinase. Loss of expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the control of the LAT59 promoter from tomato was used as an indicator of transgene excision. Efficiency of transgene excision from pollen was determined by flow cytometry (FCM)-based pollen screening. While a transgenic event in the absence of CinH recombinase contained about 70% of GFP-synthesizing pollen, three single-copy transgene events contained less than 1% of GFP-synthesizing pollen based on 30,000 pollen grains analyzed per event. This suggests that CinH-RS2 recombination system could be effectively utilized for transgene biocontainment. C1 [Moon, Hong S.; Abercrombie, Laura L.; Stewart, C. N., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eda, Shigetoshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Blanvillain, Robert; Ow, David W.] Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Thomson, James G.] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Stewart, CN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nealstewart@utk.edu FU USDA FX The authors would like to thank Murali R. Rao for helping on statistical analysis and Spencer Wei for his help with vector construction. We thank Patrick Gallois for the gift of pPK100 that was included in our vectors. This research was funded by USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grants to C. N. Stewart, Jr. and D. W. Ow. We especially wish to express our gratitude to collaborator Yi Li, also a co-PI on the above grant, for the extensive help in this line of research and for the many conversations and innovations he and his lab has accomplished. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 621 EP 631 DI 10.1007/s11103-011-9756-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 735EQ UT WOS:000288396600008 PM 21359553 ER PT J AU DeFord, SM Nichols, TA Smeraski, C Ruby, TC Spraker, T Kong, QZ VerCauteren, KC AF DeFord, S. M. Nichols, Tracy A. Smeraski, Cynthia Ruby, Tara C. Spraker, Terry Kong, Qingzhong VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Early Detection of CWD in TG12 Mice by Neurological and Behavioral Assessment SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [DeFord, S. M.; Nichols, Tracy A.; Ruby, Tara C.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Smeraski, Cynthia; Spraker, Terry] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kong, Qingzhong] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH USA. EM tracy.a.nichols@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 5 SU S MA Bio.116 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V34DE UT WOS:000209066300158 ER PT J AU Silva, CJ Erickson, ML Dynin, IC Onisko, BC Carter, JM AF Silva, Christopher J. Erickson, Melissa L. Dynin, Irina C. Onisko, Bruce C. Carter, J. Mark TI Diagnosing Prion Diseases: Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Silva, Christopher J.; Erickson, Melissa L.; Dynin, Irina C.; Carter, J. Mark] ARS, USDA, WRRRC, Albany, CA USA. [Onisko, Bruce C.] OniPro Biosci, Kensington, CA USA. EM christopher.silva@ars.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 5 SU S MA Bio.152 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V34DE UT WOS:000209066300192 ER PT J AU Wyckoff, C Meyerett, C VerCauteren, K Powers, J Spraker, T Pulford, B Haley, N Zabel, M AF Wyckoff, Christy Meyerett, Crystal VerCauteren, Kurt Powers, Jenny Spraker, Terry Pulford, Bruce Haley, Nick Zabel, Mark TI Increased Detection Sensitivity for PrPCWD by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification as Compared to Immunohistochemistry SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wyckoff, Christy; Meyerett, Crystal; Spraker, Terry; Pulford, Bruce; Haley, Nick; Zabel, Mark] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [VerCauteren, Kurt] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Powers, Jenny] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM acwyckoff@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 5 SU S MA Bio.171 BP 92 EP 93 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V34DE UT WOS:000209066300211 ER PT J AU Comoy, E Durand, V Correia, E Freire, S Richt, J Greenlee, J Torres, JM Brown, P Hills, B Deslys, JP AF Comoy, Emmanuel Durand, Valerie Correia, Evelyne Freire, Sophie Richt, Juergen Greenlee, Justin Torres, Juan-Maria Brown, Paul Hills, Bob Deslys, Jean-Philippe TI Transmissibility of BSE-L and Cattle-Adapted TME Prion Strain to Cynomolgus Macaque SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Comoy, Emmanuel; Durand, Valerie; Correia, Evelyne; Freire, Sophie; Brown, Paul; Deslys, Jean-Philippe] Atom Energy Commiss, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Richt, Juergen] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Greenlee, Justin] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Torres, Juan-Maria] INIA, Madrid, Spain. [Hills, Bob] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. EM emmanuel.comoy@cea.fr RI Torres, Juan Maria/L-8768-2013 OI Torres, Juan Maria/0000-0003-0443-9232 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 5 SU S MA Envt.05 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V34DE UT WOS:000209066300229 ER PT J AU Greenlee, J Kunkle, R Smith, J AF Greenlee, Justin Kunkle, Robert Smith, Jodi TI Swine Are Susceptible to Chronic Wasting Disease by Intracerebral Inoculation SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Greenlee, Justin; Kunkle, Robert; Smith, Jodi] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM justin.greenlee@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 5 SU S MA Envt.11 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V34DE UT WOS:000209066300234 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR O'Rouke, K Wild, M Powers, J Balachandran, A Vercauteren, KC Gidlewski, T AF Spraker, Terry R. O'Rouke, Katherine Wild, Margaret Powers, Jenny Balachandran, Aur Vercauteren, Kurt C. Gidlewski, Tom TI Progressive Spread of Prion Protein Throughout the Body in Elk with Naturally Occurring Chronic Wasting Disease SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Rouke, Katherine] ARS, USDA, Seattle, WA USA. [Wild, Margaret; Powers, Jenny] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Balachandran, Aur] CFIA, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.; Gidlewski, Tom] USDA WS, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Terry.Spraker@colostate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 5 SU S MA Envt.30 BP 110 EP 110 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V34DE UT WOS:000209066300253 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Nieves-Aldrey, JL AF Buffington, Matthew L. Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Jose TI REVISION OF PLECTOCYNIPINAE (HYMENOPTERA: FIGITIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES FROM CHILE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Araucocynips; Plectocynips; Nothofagus; Aditrochus; galls ID CYNIPOIDEA; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; CYNIPIDAE; PHYLOGENY; SUBFAMILY AB A revision of Plectocynipinae was initiated following the recent collections of specimens of Plectocynips Diaz and Araucocynips, new genus, from Chile. In addition to a redescription of the subfamily, we provide redescriptions, based on females, of the species of both genera. Descriptions are provided for Araucocynips ariasae, new species, Araucocynips queulensis, new species, and Plectocynips lago, new species, all from Chile. New host records are provided for Plectocynips pilosus Ros-Farre from galls of Aditrochus fagicolus Rubsaamen and Aditrochus coihuensis Ovruski (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) on Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser and Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.), respectively. In addition, males are described for Araucocynips ariasae, Araucocynips queulensis, and Plectocynips pilosus. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Jose] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Evolutiva, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitut Ave,NW POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; mcnna38@mncn.csic.es RI Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis/K-2544-2012 OI Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis/0000-0002-4711-7455 FU CSIC - University of Chile [18/05-06]; Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2009-10111/BOS, CGL2010-15786/BOS]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0445413] FX Thanks to Audrey Grez, Javier Simonetti, Yuri Zuniga, and Fernando Campos for their assistance and support with logistics and field work carried out during the stay of JLNA in Reserva Nacional Los Queules, and to Corporacion Nacional Forestal (CONAF) for having granted him permission to collect material in national parks and other protected natural areas of Chile. This study was financed with funds of the CSIC - University of Chile cooperation project 18/05-06 and by Projects CGL2009-10111/BOS and CGL2010-15786/BOS of the Ministry of Science and Innovation, conferred to J.L. Nieves-Aldrey. We thank Hector Ibarra (Exp Ediciones al Conocimiento, Concepion, Chile) and Elizabeth Arias (Essig Museum, UC Berkeley) for access to specimens; E. Arias' collecting efforts in Chile were supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0445413. Further thanks to Jennifer Read (CNC) and Douglas Yanega (UCRC) for assisting with loans of specimens. Thanks also to Laura Tormo and Marta Furio (CSIC) for technical assistance with SEM images. Jens Prena and Thomas Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS/USDA, NMNH, Washington DC), Johan Liljeblad (Swedish Species Information Centre, Uppsala, Sweden), Juli Pujade-Villar (University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain), as well as an anonymous reviewer, helped improve the quality of this manuscript. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 91 EP 108 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.2.91 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 785NI UT WOS:000292235300001 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Hoffman, RL Wolski, A AF Henry, Thomas J. Hoffman, Richard L. Wolski, Andrzej TI FIRST NORTH AMERICAN RECORD OF THE OLD WORLD CYLAPINE FULVIUS SUBNITENS POPPIUS (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) FROM VIRGINIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS AND A KEY TO THE U.S. SPECIES OF FULVIUS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Plant bugs; new records; United States; diagnoses; distributions; feeding habits ID ANNOTATED LIST AB The first North American record for Fulvius subnitens Poppius is reported based on one specimen collected in southcentral Virginia. Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter), Fulvius imbecilis (Say), Fulvius slateri Wheeler, and Fulvius subnitens are diagnosed and described, and color images of adults, updated distributions, a review of feeding habits, and an identification key are provided. For each species, the nomenclatural history and most important citations are given. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Mus Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hoffman, Richard L.] Virginia Museum Nat Hist, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. [Wolski, Andrzej] Opole Univ, Dept Biosystemat, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Mus Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; richard.hoffman@vmnh.virginia.gov; a.wolski@ior.gliwice.pl NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.2.127 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 785NI UT WOS:000292235300004 ER PT J AU Prena, J O'Brien, CW AF Prena, Jens O'Brien, Charles W. TI FIVE NEW SPECIES OF THE STETHOBARIS LECONTE COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: BARIDINAE) ASSOCIATED WITH AMARYLLIDACEAE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE weevils; invasive species; Amaryllidaceae; Orchidaceae; North America ID ORCHID AB Five weevil species reared or collected from Amaryllidaceae in the New World are compared with morphologically similar weevils, mostly found on orchids. Based on preliminary analyses of external and some internal characters, they are referred to Stethobaris Le Conte and described as Stethobaris cerpheroides Prena and O'Brien, new species; Stethobaris hybris Prena and O'Brien, new species; Stethobaris nemesis Prena and O'Brien, new species; Stethobaris sprekeliae Prena and O'Brien, new species and Stethobaris ultima Prena and O'Brien, new species. Central Mexico is their likely origin, but nearly all available specimens have been found elsewhere associated with plants traded among growers. Stethobaris nemesis is adventive in the southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas) and Barbados, Lesser Antilles. Cerpheres rufescens Champion is transferred to Stethobaris (new combination), and a lectotype is designated for this species. Cerpheres glabrescens Champion and Ovanius conicollis Casey are recorded newly for Colombia, South America. C1 [Prena, Jens] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [O'Brien, Charles W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Prena, J (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jens.prena@ars.usda.gov; cobrien6@cox.net FU USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service FX Max Barclay (London), Victoria Bayless and Chris Carlton (Baton Rouge), Ian Gibbs (Barbados), Lee Herman Jr. (New York), Bertram Lindsey and Patrick Marquez (Los Angeles), Jake Price (Valdosta), Ed Riley (College Station), Paul Skelley and Mike Thomas (Gainesville) are thanked for contributing specimens and observations. Scott Whittaker (Washington) assisted us on the SEM, and his help was much appreciated. Bob Anderson (Canadian Museum of Nature), Norm Woodley and Al Norrbom (USDA, ARS, SEL) and one anonymous reviewer commented on the manuscript and made helpful suggestions. Core funding for JP was provided by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 163 EP 184 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.2.163 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 785NI UT WOS:000292235300007 ER PT J AU Solis, MA AF Solis, M. Alma TI REASSIGNMENT OF FOUR SPECIES CURRENTLY IN HERPETOGRAMMA LEDERER (SPILOMELINAE) TO PYRAUSTINAE (CRAMBIDAE: PYRALOIDEA: LEPIDOPTERA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Western Hemisphere; Japan; new combination; Pyrausta; Hahncappsia AB During an ongoing study of Herpetogramma Lederer (Spilomelinae), four species, three from the Western Hemisphere and one from Japan, were discovered to be misplaced in the genus and the subfamily. Based on primary type material, the following new and revised combinations and transfers to the Pyraustinae are proposed: the male syntype of Pachyzancla nigripalpis Hampson is designated as the lectotype and is transferred to Pyrausta, and the female syntype of P. nigripalpis is transferred to Hahncappsia as a species of uncertain identity but closest to H. jaliscalis Capps. Pachyzancla straminea Hampson and Pachyzancla holochrysis Hampson are transferred to Pyrausta; Herpetogramma albipennis Inoue is transferred to Aglaops Warren. The adults, genitalia, and labels are illustrated for the first time. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.2.185 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 785NI UT WOS:000292235300008 ER PT J AU Andreotti, R Guerrero, FD Soares, MA Barros, JC Miller, RJ de Leon, AP AF Andreotti, Renato Guerrero, Felix David Soares, Mariana Aparecida Barros, Jacqueline Cavalcante Miller, Robert John de Leon, Adalberto Perez TI Acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA LA English DT Article DE Tick; control; bovine; acaricide; PCR ID CATTLE TICK; SAO-PAULO; DO-SUL; IXODIDAE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; MECHANISMS; MUTATION; STRAINS AB This study was conducted to obtain an epidemiological view of acaricide resistance in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Twenty-four tick samples were collected from municipalities in the State where farmers had reported concerns about resistance to or failure of tick control. These ticks were subjected to in vitro resistance detection assays using the adult immersion test (AIT). The efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin, cypermethrin and amitraz treatments on samples collected throughout the State was generally poor. AIT showed efficacy >= 90% from the use of DDVP + chlorfenvinphos) (20 out of 21 municipalities), dichlorvos + cypermethrin (10 out of 16 municipalities) and cypermethrin + citronella + chlorpyrifos + piperonyl butoxide (20 out of 21 municipalities). PCR assays were used to detect the presence of pyrethroid resistance-associated sodium channel gene mutation. Larvae from three different populations that had previously been diagnosed as pyrethroid-resistant, through AIT were evaluated. The PCR assays showed that the pyrethroid resistance-associated gene mutation was absent from these three populations. This study confirms that the emergence of resistance is a constant challenge for the livestock industry, and that development of resistance continues to be a major driver for new antiparasitic drugs to be developed. C1 [Andreotti, Renato; Soares, Mariana Aparecida; Barros, Jacqueline Cavalcante] Embrapa Beef Cattle, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Guerrero, Felix David; de Leon, Adalberto Perez] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Miller, Robert John] USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Andreotti, R (reprint author), Embrapa Beef Cattle, BR 262,Km 04,CP 154, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. EM andreott@cnpgc.embrapa.br FU Embrapa; CNPq; Fundect-MS FX Thank are due to Embrapa, CNPq and Fundect-MS for financial support; to Dr. Joao Ricardo Martins for providing the Mozo strain; and to Jason P. Tidwell for technical assistance with larval PCRs. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRAZILIAN COLL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY PI SAO PAULO PA C/O ASSISTANT EDITOR AV PROF LINEU PRESTES, 1374, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, CEP 05508-900, SAO PAULO, 00000, BRAZIL SN 1984-2961 J9 REV BRAS PARASITOL V JI Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 926PB UT WOS:000302842200009 PM 21722487 ER PT J AU Chiang, CCK Xie, WS McMahan, C Puskas, JE AF Chiang, Chengching K. Xie, Wenshuang McMahan, Colleen Puskas, Judit E. TI UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF NATURAL RUBBER BIOSYNTHESIS. PART I: INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF IN VITRO NATURAL RUBBER USING HIGH RESOLUTION SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 178th Technical Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY OCT 10-14, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Amer Chem Soc ID FRESH BOTTOM FRACTION; ALPHA-TERMINAL GROUP; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; HEVEA LATEX; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; BRANCH-POINTS; DECOMPOSITION; BRASILIENSIS; INITIATION AB Monitoring the growth of in vitro natural rubber was accomplished by high resolution size exclusion chromatography, SEC. Washed rubber particles isolated from H. brasiliensis latex, containing the rubber transferase enzyme, were used to catalyze the polymerization of synthetic isopentenyl pyrophosphate monomer in the presence of farnesyl pyrophosphate initiator. The high-resolution SEC was able to detect the formation of new rubber. Changes in the low molecular weight fraction were also detected. Gravimetric analysis revealed similar to 30% mass gain after the in vitro synthesis. The overall gel content was found to be reduced, which further supported the formation of new rubber. This is the first report that utilizes high-resolution SEC to monitor the in vitro NR growth without the use of radiolabeling. [doi:10.5254/1.3570528] C1 [Chiang, Chengching K.; Puskas, Judit E.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Xie, Wenshuang; McMahan, Colleen] ARS, USDA, PWA, WRRC CIU, Albany, CA USA. RP Puskas, JE (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM kc50@uakron.edu RI Moussa, Luciana /M-2257-2013; Xie, Wenshuang/K-3084-2014 OI Xie, Wenshuang/0000-0003-4504-8609 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.5254/1.3570528 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 780ZC UT WOS:000291899400003 ER PT J AU Riaz, S Tenscher, AC Ramming, DW Walker, MA AF Riaz, S. Tenscher, A. C. Ramming, D. W. Walker, M. A. TI Using a limited mapping strategy to identify major QTLs for resistance to grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and their use in marker-assisted breeding SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL DISEASE RESISTANCE; VITIS-VINIFERA L.; UNCINULA-NECATOR; DOWNY MILDEW; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PLASMOPARA-VITICOLA; OIDIUM-TUCKERI; LINKAGE MAPS; SELECTION; GENE AB A limited genetic mapping strategy based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data was used with five grape populations segregating for powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) resistance in an effort to develop genetic markers from multiple sources and enable the pyramiding of resistance loci. Three populations derived their resistance from Muscadinia rotundifolia 'Magnolia'. The first population (06708) had 97 progeny and was screened with 137 SSR markers from seven chromosomes (4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 18) that have been reported to be associated with powdery or downy mildew resistance. A genetic map was constructed using the pseudo-testcross strategy and QTL analysis was carried out. Only markers from chromosome 13 and 18 were mapped in the second (04327) and third (06712) populations, which had 47 and 80 progeny, respectively. Significant QTLs for powdery mildew resistance with overlapping genomic regions were identified for different tissue types (leaf, stem, rachis, and berry) on chromosome 18, which distinguishes the resistance in 'Magnolia' from that present in other accessions of M. rotundifolia and controlled by the Run1 gene on chromosome 12. The 'Magnolia' resistance locus was termed as Run2.1. Powdery mildew resistance was also mapped in a fourth population (08391), which had 255 progeny and resistance from M. rotundifolia 'Trayshed'. A locus accounting for 50% of the phenotypic variation mapped to chromosome 18 and was named Run2.2. This locus overlapped the region found in the 'Magnolia'-based populations, but the allele sizes of the flanking markers were different. 'Trayshed' and 'Magnolia' shared at least one allele for 68% of the tested markers, but alleles of the other 32% of the markers were not shared indicating that the two M. rotundifolia selections were very different. The last population, 08306 with 42 progeny, derived its resistance from a selection Vitis romanetii C166-043. Genetic mapping discovered a major powdery mildew resistance locus termed Ren4 on chromosome 18, which explained 70% of the phenotypic variation in the same region of chromosome 18 found in the two M. rotundifolia resistant accessions. The mapping results indicate that powdery mildew resistance genes from different backgrounds reside on chromosome 18, and that genetic markers can be used as a powerful tool to pyramid these loci and other powdery mildew resistance loci into a single line. C1 [Riaz, S.; Tenscher, A. C.; Walker, M. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ramming, D. W.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93468 USA. RP Walker, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM awalker@ucdavis.edu FU American Vineyard Foundation; Viticulture Consortium West; Louis P. Martini Endowed Chair funds FX Research funding from the American Vineyard Foundation, Viticulture Consortium West and the Louis P. Martini Endowed Chair funds is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Jeff Bloodworth for use of JB81-107-11. NR 53 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2011 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1073 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1511-6 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 735DS UT WOS:000288394200003 PM 21188350 ER PT J AU Jayatilake, D Bai, G Dong, Y AF Jayatilake, D. V. Bai, G. H. Dong, Y. H. TI A novel quantitative trait locus for Fusarium head blight resistance in chromosome 7A of wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; QTL-ANALYSIS; SPRING WHEAT; MAJOR QTL; SCAB; WANGSHUIBAI; SPREAD AB A Chinese Spring-Sumai 3 chromosome 7A disomic substitution line (CS-Sumai 3-7ADSL) was reported to have a high level of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance for symptom spread within a spike (Type II) and low deoxynivalenol accumulation in infected kernels (Type III), but a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 7A has never been identified from this source. To characterize QTL on chromosome 7A, we developed 191 7A chromosome recombinant inbred lines (7ACRIL) from a cross between Chinese Spring and CS-Sumai 3-7ADSL and evaluated both types of resistance in three greenhouse experiments. Two major QTL with Sumai 3 origin, conditioning both Type II and III resistance, were mapped in the short arm of chromosomes 3B (3BS) and near the centromere of chromosome 7A (7AC). The 3BS QTL corresponds to previously reported Fhb1 from Sumai 3, whereas 7AC QTL, designated as Fhb7AC, is a novel QTL identified from CS-Sumai 3-7ADSL in this study. Fhb7AC explains 22% phenotypic variation for Type II and 24% for Type III resistance. Marker Xwmc17 is the closest marker to Fhb7AC for both types of resistance. Fhb1 and Fhb7AC were additive, and together explained 56% variation for Type II and 41% for Type III resistance and resulted in 66% reduction in FHB severity and 84% reduction in deoxynivalenol (DON) content. Haplotype analysis of Sumai 3 parents revealed that Fhb7AC originated from Funo, an Italian cultivar. Fhb7AC has the potential to be used in improving wheat cultivars for both types of resistance. C1 [Jayatilake, D. V.; Bai, G. H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, G. H.] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Dong, Y. H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN USA. RP Bai, G (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov FU US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas, USA [11-050-J] FX US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative provided part of funding for this project. Dr. Hongxiang Ma from Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing China provided Funo-related materials and Dr. Dadong Zhang from Kansas State University provided FHB data of Funo-related materials. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. Contribution 11-050-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas, USA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2011 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1523-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 735DS UT WOS:000288394200013 PM 21221526 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL AF Brandon, David L. TI Detection of Ricin Contamination in Ground Beef by Electrochemiluminescence Immunosorbent Assay SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE ricin; Ricinus communis agglutinin; castor; monoclonal antibody; biothreat; electrochemiluminescence ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; ANTIBODIES; AGENTS; FOOD; IMMUNOASSAY; TOXICITY; TOXIN; MILK AB Ricin is a highly toxic protein present in the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor), grown principally as a source of high quality industrial lubricant and as an ornamental. Because ricin has been used for intentional poisoning in the past and could be used to contaminate food, there is a need for analytical methodology to detect ricin in food matrices. A monoclonal antibody-based method was developed for detecting and quantifying ricin in ground beef, a complex, fatty matrix. The limit of detection was 0.5 ng/g for the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method and 1.5 ng/g for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection of nanogram per gram quantities of ricin spiked into retail samples of ground beef provides approximately 10,000-fold greater sensitivity than required to detect a toxic dose of ricin (>1 mg) in a 100 g sample. C1 ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM david.brandon@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 398 EP 408 DI 10.3390/toxins3040398 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 994ZW UT WOS:000307976100004 PM 22069715 ER PT J AU Koganti, S Kuo, TM Kurtzman, CP Smith, N Ju, LK AF Koganti, Srujana Kuo, Tsung Min Kurtzman, Cletus P. Smith, Nathan Ju, Lu-Kwang TI Production of arabitol from glycerol: strain screening and study of factors affecting production yield SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabitol; Xylitol; Biodiesel; Glycerol; Osmotolerant yeast; Debaryomyces hansenii ID YEAST DEBARYOMYCES-HANSENII; XYLITOL PRODUCTION; ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES-ROUXII; GLUCONOBACTER-OXYDANS; SACCHAROMYCES-ROUXII; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; CANDIDA-TROPICALIS; WATER-STRESS; POLYOLS; TOLERANT AB Glycerol is a major by-product from biodiesel production, and developing new uses for glycerol is imperative to overall economics and sustainability of the biodiesel industry. With the aim of producing xylitol and/or arabitol as the value-added products from glycerol, 214 yeast strains, many osmotolerant, were first screened in this study. No strains were found to produce large amounts of xylitol as the dominant metabolite. Some produced polyol mixtures that might present difficulties to downstream separation and purification. Several Debaryomyces hansenii strains produced arabitol as the predominant metabolite with high yields, and D. hansenii strain SBP-1 (NRRL Y-7483) was chosen for further study on the effects of several growth conditions. The optimal temperature was found to be 30A degrees C. Very low dissolved oxygen concentrations or anaerobic conditions inhibited polyol yields. Arabitol yield improved with increasing initial glycerol concentrations, reaching approximately 50% (w/w) with 150 g/L initial glycerol. However, the osmotic stress created by high salt concentrations (a parts per thousand yen50 g/L) negatively affected arabitol production. Addition of glucose and xylose improved arabitol production while addition of sorbitol reduced production. Results from this work show that arabitol is a promising value-added product from glycerol using D. hansenii SBP-1 as the producing strain. C1 [Koganti, Srujana; Ju, Lu-Kwang] Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Kuo, Tsung Min; Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Smith, Nathan] ARS, Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ju, LK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM Lukeju@uakron.edu RI Ju, Lu-Kwang/M-2466-2014 OI Ju, Lu-Kwang/0000-0002-2339-6891 FU United Soybean Board [7435, 8435, 9435] FX The work was supported by a grant from the United Soybean Board (Projects 7435, 8435, and 9435). We thank Karen Ray for technical advice. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 90 IS 1 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00253-010-3015-3 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 733GU UT WOS:000288252000024 PM 21127857 ER PT J AU Metts, LS Rawles, SD Brady, YJ Thompson, KR Gannam, AL Twibell, RG Webster, CD AF Metts, L. S. Rawles, S. D. Brady, Y. J. Thompson, K. R. Gannam, A. L. Twibell, R. G. Webster, C. D. TI Amino acid availability from selected animal- and plant-derived feedstuffs for market-size sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acid availability; Morone; sunshine bass ID APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; BY-PRODUCT MEALS; FISH-MEAL; PRACTICAL DIETS; FEED INGREDIENTS; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; DISTILLERS GRAINS; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; CHANNEL CATFISH AB A study was conducted with market-size (867 g) hybrid striped bass to determine the nutrient digestibility and apparent amino acid availability of six common feedstuffs. The animal-protein feedstuffs tested were menhaden fish meal (MEN), anchovy fish meal (ANCH), pet-food grade poultry by-product meal (PBM-pet), and feed-grade poultry by-product meal (PBM-feed), while the plant-protein feedstuffs were dehulled solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Test diets consisted of a 70 : 30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (10 g kg(-1)) as the inert marker. Diets were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of fish that were fed their respective diets for 7 days prior to fecal collection by stripping. Two feeding trials were conducted sequentially to determine the digestibility of the six test ingredients. In trial 1, the three ingredients evaluated were MEN, PBM-feed, and PBM-pet. In trial 2, the three ingredients evaluated were ANCH, SBM, and DDGS. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (ADC-CP) were significantly (P < 0.05) different among test ingredients in trial 1 as protein digestibility of MEN (86%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of PBM-feed (75%), but was not significantly different from that of PBM-pet (78%). Protein digestibilities in trial 2 were not significantly different among test ingredients and averaged 76% for ANCH, SBM, and DDGS. Some apparent amino acid availability coefficients differed among feedstuffs for both trial 1 and trial 2. MEN provided higher amino acid availabilities for alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, valine, and tryptophan (99%, 98%, 94%, 96%, 99%, and 108%, respectively) whencompared to PBM-feed (73%, 50%, 69%, 80%, 77%, and 91%, respectively) and PBM-pet (79%, 66%, 81%, 81%, 78%, and 99% respectively). Glycine, histidine, leucine, and proline availabilities in MEN (95%, 96%, 100%, and 98%, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of PBM-feed (64%, 82%, 82%, and 57%, respectively), but were not significantly different from PBM-pet (85%, 92%, 89%, and 80%, respectively). For trial 2, apparent amino acid availabilities for cystine, isoleucine, lysine, and tyrosine were significantly higher (P < 0.05) among treatments fed SBM (100%, 87%, 93%, and 97%, respectively) and ANCH (37%, 95%, 92%, and 84%, respectively) compared to treatments fed DDGS (-13%, 52%, 62% and 62%, respectively). Overall, amino acid availability in SBM and the two PBM's appear comparable to MEN and ANCH and corroborate their high value as potential replacements for fish meal in sunshine bass diets. However, DDGS provided the lowest availabilities for several amino acids and should be used with caution. C1 [Metts, L. S.; Thompson, K. R.; Webster, C. D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Rawles, S. D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Brady, Y. J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gannam, A. L.; Twibell, R. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM carl.webster@kysu.edu FU USDA [KYX-80-09-18A] FX The authors thank ReGie Smith, Ashley Wimsatt, Daniel H. Yancey for help in fecal collections, Rebecca Jacobs (USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, Arkansas) for amino acid analysis, and N. Ann, N.I. Bulz, K.C., K.N. Dee, M.I. Key, B.R. Lee, E.M. Ma, B. Rett, Cathy Rhin, M.S. Tee, Sam Wise, and D. R. Wynn for technical assistance. This research was partially funded by a USDA Capacity Building Grant to Kentucky State University and a USDA grant under agreement KYX-80-09-18A to Kentucky State University. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP E123 EP E131 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00742.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 732XN UT WOS:000288223100014 ER PT J AU Stone, DAJ Oliveira, ACM Plante, S Smiley, S Bechtel, P Hardy, RW AF Stone, D. A. J. Oliveira, A. C. M. Plante, S. Smiley, S. Bechtel, P. Hardy, R. W. TI Enhancing highly unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids in phase-fed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using Alaskan fish oils SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Alaskan fish oils; DHA; EPA; fatty acids; phase-feeding; rainbow trout ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ATLANTIC SALMON; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; PRODUCT QUALITY; MENHADEN OIL; LINSEED OIL; WASH-OUT; REPLACEMENT; DIETS AB Rainbow trout, average weight 185-187 g, were fed feeds containing menhaden oil, canola oil or fish oils (pollock, pink salmon or rockfish) produced from Alaskan seafood processing waste as the added oil for 8 weeks, at which time the fish weighed 391-411 g (average 404 g, pooled SE = 5.7). The fish were previously fed from 75 g average weight fed commercial feed containing poultry oil as the added oil. No significant differences were measured in final weight or feed conversion ratio among dietary treatment groups. Significant differences were found in fillet omega-3 fatty acid (FA) levels from fish receiving fish oil-supplemented feeds compared to those from fish receiving feeds containing canola oil. Fillet contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 omega 3) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 omega 3) were highest in the pollock oil treatment group, although all fish oils increased highly unsaturated omega-3 FA contents (mg 100 g(-1)) of fillets. Fish oil used through the production cycle was reduced by 25% by supplementing feeds with poultry oil during the middle phase of production (75-175 g) compared to using feeds containing fish oil throughout the production cycle. Fish oils recovered from Alaskan seafood processing waste were suitable alternatives to conventional fish oil as ingredients in rainbow trout production feeds. C1 [Stone, D. A. J.; Hardy, R. W.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Oliveira, A. C. M.; Smiley, S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kodiak, AK USA. [Plante, S.] Coastal Zones Res Inst, Shippegan, NB, Canada. [Bechtel, P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit,Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Hardy, RW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rhardy@uidaho.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-5341-9-441] FX This study was funded in part by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5341-9-441. We thank Michael Casten and Carol Hoffman, University of Idaho, for technical assistance. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP E501 EP E510 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00790.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 732XN UT WOS:000288223100051 ER PT J AU Stone, DAJ Oliveira, ACM Ross, CF Plante, S Smiley, S Bechtel, P Hardy, RW AF Stone, D. A. J. Oliveira, A. C. M. Ross, C. F. Plante, S. Smiley, S. Bechtel, P. Hardy, R. W. TI The effects of phase-feeding rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with canola oil and Alaskan pollock fish oil on fillet fatty acid composition and sensory attributes SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fatty acid profile; fish oil; phases-feeding; rainbow trout; sensory evaluation ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DIETARY SOYBEAN OIL; ATLANTIC SALMON; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; PRODUCT QUALITY; LIPID SOURCES; MENHADEN OIL; LINSEED OIL; WASH-OUT; FLESH AB Rainbow trout (186 g) were fed three test diets where the lipid source (150 g kg(-1)) was either menhaden oil (MO), pollock oil (PO) or canola oil (CO) for eight weeks to an average weight of 370 g. The CO group was then divided into two groups, one continuing on the CO diet and the other switched to the PO diet (CO-PO). After nine additional weeks of feeding, the average fish weight approximately doubled (719-749 g). No significant differences were found in average final weight or fillet yield among dietary treatment groups. Fatty acid profiles of fillets from trout fed MO, PO or CO-supplemented diets reflected the fatty acid profiles of the added oils, whereas the fatty acid profile of fillet from trout in the CO-PO group exhibited values similar to those of fish fed PO. The ratio of omega 3 : omega 6 FA was nearly 2.5 times higher in fillets from the CO-PO group compared to the CO group. Sensory analysis showed that panelists preferred CO-fed fillets over those fed MO, PO, or CO-PO. Phase-feeding CO and PO reduced fish oil use and resulted in fillets with double the content of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) over CO-fed fish, similar to levels in MO-fed fish. C1 [Stone, D. A. J.; Hardy, R. W.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Oliveira, A. C. M.; Smiley, S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kodiak, AK USA. [Ross, C. F.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Plante, S.] Coastal Zones Res Inst, Shippegan, NB, Canada. [Bechtel, P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit,Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Hardy, RW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rhardy@uidaho.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-5341-9-441] FX This study was funded in part by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5341-9-441. We thank Michael Casten and Carol Hoffman, University of Idaho, for technical assistance. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP E521 EP E529 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00792.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 732XN UT WOS:000288223100053 ER PT J AU Lee, XH Massman, WJ AF Lee, Xuhui Massman, William J. TI A Perspective on Thirty Years of the Webb, Pearman and Leuning Density Corrections SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density corrections; Eddy covariance; Mass conservation ID ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; WATER-VAPOR TRANSFER; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENT; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; OPEN-PATH; CO2 FLUX; SURFACE EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRACE GASES AB The density correction theory of Webb et al. (1980, Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 106: 85-100, hereafter WPL) is a principle underpinning the experimental investigation of surface fluxes of energy and masses in the atmospheric boundary layer. It has a long-lasting influence in boundary-layer meteorology and micrometeorology, and the year 2010 marks the 30th anniversary of the publication of the WPL theory. We provide here a critique of the theory and review the research it has spurred over the last 30 years. In the authors' opinion, the assumption of zero air source at the surface is a fundamental novelty that gives the WPL theory its enduring vitality. Considerations of mass conservation show that, in a non-steady state, the WPL mean vertical velocity and the thermal expansion velocity are two distinctly different quantities of the flow. Furthermore, the integrated flux will suffer a systematic bias if the expansion velocity is omitted or if the storage term is computed from time changes in the CO2 density. A discussion is provided on recent efforts to address several important practical issues omitted by the original theory, including pressure correction, unintentional alternation of the sampled air, and error propagation. These refinement efforts are motivated by the need for an unbiased assessment of the annual carbon budget in terrestrial ecosystems in the global eddy flux network (FluxNet). C1 [Lee, Xuhui] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Massman, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lee, XH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 21 Sachem St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM xuhui.lee@yale.edu NR 92 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 BP 37 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9575-z PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 733GC UT WOS:000288250200002 ER PT J AU Drake, JE Gallet-Budynek, A Hofmockel, KS Bernhardt, ES Billings, SA Jackson, RB Johnsen, KS Lichter, J McCarthy, HR McCormack, ML Moore, DJP Oren, R Palmroth, S Phillips, RP Pippen, JS Pritchard, SG Treseder, KK Schlesinger, WH DeLucia, EH Finzi, AC AF Drake, John E. Gallet-Budynek, Anne Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Bernhardt, Emily S. Billings, Sharon A. Jackson, Robert B. Johnsen, Kurt S. Lichter, John McCarthy, Heather R. McCormack, M. Luke Moore, David J. P. Oren, Ram Palmroth, Sari Phillips, Richard P. Pippen, Jeffrey S. Pritchard, Seth G. Treseder, Kathleen K. Schlesinger, William H. DeLucia, Evan H. Finzi, Adrien C. TI Increases in the flux of carbon belowground stimulate nitrogen uptake and sustain the long-term enhancement of forest productivity under elevated CO2 SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Carbon sequestration; coupled biogeochemical cycles; coupled climate-carbon cycle models; elevated CO2; forest productivity; nitrogen ID WARM-TEMPERATE FOREST; LOBLOLLY-PINE FOREST; SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ORGANIC MATERIAL; SOIL CARBON; DYNAMICS; SEQUESTRATION AB P>The earth's future climate state is highly dependent upon changes in terrestrial C storage in response to rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Here we show that consistently enhanced rates of net primary production (NPP) are sustained by a C-cascade through the root-microbe-soil system; increases in the flux of C belowground under elevated CO2 stimulated microbial activity, accelerated the rate of soil organic matter decomposition and stimulated tree uptake of N bound to this SOM. This process set into motion a positive feedback maintaining greater C gain under elevated CO2 as a result of increases in canopy N content and higher photosynthetic N-use efficiency. The ecosystem-level consequence of the enhanced requirement for N and the exchange of plant C for N belowground is the dominance of C storage in tree biomass but the preclusion of a large C sink in the soil. C1 [Drake, John E.; Gallet-Budynek, Anne; Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Drake, John E.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Gallet-Budynek, Anne] INRA, TCEM UMR 1220, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Hofmockel, Kirsten S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Bernhardt, Emily S.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Billings, Sharon A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Billings, Sharon A.] Univ Kansas, Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.; McCarthy, Heather R.; Oren, Ram; Palmroth, Sari; Pippen, Jeffrey S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Johnsen, Kurt S.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Lichter, John] Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [McCarthy, Heather R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [McCormack, M. Luke] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Moore, David J. P.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2RZ 2LS, England. [Phillips, Richard P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Pritchard, Seth G.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Treseder, Kathleen K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Schlesinger, William H.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, New York, NY 12545 USA. [DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Finzi, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM afinzi@bu.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; Moore, David/A-6268-2013; Treseder, Kathleen/E-5148-2011; Billings, Sharon/I-5115-2013; Drake, John/N-8490-2014; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Billings, Sharon/0000-0003-1611-526X; McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182; Drake, John/0000-0003-4274-4780; Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533 NR 46 TC 174 Z9 182 U1 18 U2 314 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01593.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 732SW UT WOS:000288211000004 PM 21303437 ER PT J AU Ooi, EMM Chan, DT Watts, GF Chan, DC Ng, TWK Dogra, GK Irish, AB Barrett, PHR AF Ooi, Esther M. M. Chan, Doris T. Watts, Gerald F. Chan, Dick C. Ng, Theodore W. K. Dogra, Gursharan K. Irish, Ashley B. Barrett, P. Hugh R. TI Plasma apolipoprotein C-III metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE kinetics; lipoprotein metabolism; triglycerides ID TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; NON-EQUILIBRATING POOLS; APOC-III; RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY; A-V; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; KINETICS; RECEPTOR; INSULIN; RISK AB Moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) (defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30-60 ml/min) is associated with mild hypertriglyceridemia related to delayed catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles. Altered apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) metabolism may contribute to dyslipidemia in CKD. To further characterize the dyslipidemia of CKD, we investigated the kinetics of plasma apoC-III in 7 nonobese, nondiabetic, non-nephrotic CKD subjects and 7 age-and sex-matched healthy controls, using deuterated leucine ([5, 5, 5, (2)H(3)] leucine), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and multicompartmental modeling. Compared with controls, CKD subjects had higher concentrations of plasma and VLDL triglycerides and plasma and VLDL apoC-III (P < 0.05). The increased plasma apoC-III concentration was associated with a decreased apoC-III fractional catabolic rate (FCR) (1.21 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.12 pools/day, P = 0.03). There were no differences between apoC-III production rates of controls and those of CKD subjects. In CKD subjects, plasma apoC-III concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with apoC-III FCR (r = -0.749, P = 0.05) but not with apoC-III production rate. Plasma apoC-III concentration was positively correlated with plasma and VLDL triglycerides and VLDL apoB concentrations and negatively correlated with VLDL apoB FCR (P < 0.05 for all). ApoC-III FCR was negatively correlated with plasma and VLDL triglycerides and VLDL apoB concentration and positively correlated with VLDL apoB FCR (P < 0.05 for all). Altered plasma apoC-III metabolism is a feature of dyslipidemia in moderate CKD.jlr Modification of apoC-III catabolism may be an important therapeutic target for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in moderate CKD.-Ooi, E. M. M., D. T. Chan, G. F. Watts, D. C. Chan, T. W. K. Ng, G. K. Dogra, A. B. Irish, and P. H. R. Barrett. Plasma apolipoprotein C-III metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. J. Lipid Res. 2011. 52: 794-800. C1 [Ooi, Esther M. M.; Chan, Doris T.; Watts, Gerald F.; Chan, Dick C.; Ng, Theodore W. K.; Irish, Ashley B.; Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Metab Res Ctr, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Ooi, Esther M. M.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chan, Doris T.; Dogra, Gursharan K.] Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Perth, WA, Australia. [Ng, Theodore W. K.] Baker IDI Heart & Diabet Inst, Metab Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Irish, Ashley B.] Royal Perth Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Barrett, PHR (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Metab Res Ctr, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. EM Hugh.Barrett@uwa.edu.au RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; Ooi, Esther/B-3257-2011; Ng, Theodore Wai/H-4988-2014; OI Ooi, Esther/0000-0002-2097-633X; Ng, Theodore Wai/0000-0003-2508-6392; Irish, Ashley/0000-0002-9577-3764; Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU University of Western Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) FX This study was funded in part by a research grant from the University of Western Australia. E.M.M.O. and T.W.K.N. are supported by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) postdoctoral research fellowships. D. C. C. is supported by an NHMRC career development award. P. H. R. B. is an NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 4 BP 794 EP 800 DI 10.1194/jlr.M011163 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 733CX UT WOS:000288239300018 PM 21297177 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JD O'Keeffe, TL Vasquez, SJ Mahoney, NE AF Palumbo, J. D. O'Keeffe, T. L. Vasquez, S. J. Mahoney, N. E. TI Isolation and identification of ochratoxin A-producing Aspergillus section Nigri strains from California raisins SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A. niger; Aspergillus carbonarius; ochratoxin; raisins; vineyards ID DRIED VINE FRUITS; WINE GRAPES; PENICILLIUM-VERRUCOSUM; BLACK ASPERGILLI; TOXIGENIC FUNGI; CARBONARIUS; MYCOFLORA; ARGENTINA; VINEYARDS; SULTANAS AB Aims: To determine incidence and levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in California raisins and to isolate and characterize OTA-producing fungi from California raisin vineyard populations. Methods and Results: Forty raisin clusters sampled from four California vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley were analysed for OTA content using immunoaffinity and HPLC methods. OTA was detected in 93% of the samples, at levels from 0 center dot 06 to 11 center dot 4 ng g-1. From these raisin samples, a total of 400 strains of Aspergillus were isolated and analysed for OTA production. Twelve isolates (3%), from five raisin samples, produced OTA. These isolates were identified as Aspergillus carbonarius, based on morphological characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis. Levels of OTA produced by these isolates on raisin agar ranged from 0 center dot 9 to 15 mu g g-1. Conclusions: OTA is a common contaminant of raisin vineyards, but average levels are much lower than EU regulatory limits for dried fruit. The primary species responsible for OTA contamination in California raisins is A. carbonarius. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study illustrates that low-level OTA contamination of raisins occurs in California and that ecological studies of A. carbonarius within the Aspergillus section Nigri population on raisins are warranted to monitor ochratoxigenic potential of the crop. C1 [Palumbo, J. D.; O'Keeffe, T. L.; Mahoney, N. E.] ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Vasquez, S. J.] Univ Calif Agr & Nat Resources, Fresno, CA USA. RP Palumbo, JD (reprint author), ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jeffrey.palumbo@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-036-00D] FX This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5325-42000-036-00D. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 4 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03004.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 732UY UT WOS:000288216400004 PM 21214608 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Zelaya, CA Dowd, MK AF Mellon, J. E. Zelaya, C. A. Dowd, M. K. TI Inhibitory effects of gossypol-related compounds on growth of Aspergillus flavus SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; fungal growth inhibition; natural products; terpenes ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; COTTON ROOTS; CELL-LINES; 6,6'-DIMETHOXYGOSSYPOL; 6-METHOXYGOSSYPOL; CYTOTOXICITY; (-)-GOSSYPOL; ENANTIOMERS; INVITRO; ANALOGS AB Aims: The objective of this study was to test a series of gossypol-related compounds for growth inhibition against Aspergillus flavus. Methods and Results: A series of chiral and achiral gossypol derivatives, some natural products of the cotton plant and others prepared by synthesis from gossypol, were incorporated into agar plates to follow the rate of A. flavus isolate AF13 colony growth. All tested compounds exhibited some growth inhibition against this organism. The synthetic compounds, gossypolone and apogossypolone, exhibited greater activity than either racemic or chiral gossypol. Methylated derivatives (i.e. 6-methoxy and 6,6'-dimethoxy derivatives) generally exhibited less activity than the nonmethylated parent compounds. The (-)-optical form of gossypol was found to be slightly more active than the (+)-optical form, and this trend was observed regardless of the presence of methoxy groups at the 6-position. Growth inhibition of gossypolone and apogossypolone was concentration dependent. For gossypolone, the 50% effective dose was 90 mu g ml-1 of medium (165 mu mol l-1). For apogossypolone, the most active compound in the study, the 50% effective dose was 19 mu g ml-1 (38 center dot 7 mu mol l-1). The presence of gossypol-related terpenoids appeared to stimulate production of A. flavus sclerotia, although replicate variability was so large that it was not possible to determine a significant correlation between the mass of sclerotia formed and compound growth inhibition. Conclusions: The quinone derivatives of gossypol, gossypolone and apogossypolone demonstrated significant fungal growth inhibitory activity against A. flavus. Significance and Impact of the Study: These gossypol derivatives may provide a new class of fungicide for use against the mycotoxigenic fungus A. flavus. C1 [Mellon, J. E.; Dowd, M. K.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Zelaya, C. A.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM Jay.Mellon@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton, Inc. [05-691] FX The authors thank D. Downey for assistance with the separation of fungal sclerotia, D. Boykin for assistance with the statistical testing and Cotton, Inc., for financial support (project 05-691). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 4 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03020.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 732UY UT WOS:000288216400015 PM 21291481 ER PT J AU Nisbet, AJ Zarlenga, DS Knox, DP Meikle, LI Wildblood, LA Matthews, JB AF Nisbet, A. J. Zarlenga, D. S. Knox, D. P. Meikle, L. I. Wildblood, L. A. Matthews, J. B. TI A calcium-activated apyrase from Teladorsagia circumcincta: an excretory/secretory antigen capable of modulating host immune responses? SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apyrase; E-NTPDase; immunomodulation; purinergic signalling; Teladorsagia ID MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR; OSTERTAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PARASITIC NEMATODES; INFECTIVE LARVAE; SHEEP; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; LAMBS AB P>A cDNA representing the gene Teladorsagia circumcincta apyrase-1 (Tci-apy-1) was isolated, by PCR, from a T. circumcincta fourth-stage larval (L4) cDNA library. The closest orthologue of this gene is a Ca2+-dependent apyrase from Ostertagia ostertagi, with 92% amino acid identity across all 339 residues. Tci-apy-1 is transcribed in a stage-specific manner, the transcript being predominant in L4, detectable in the adult cDNA, but absent from eggs and infective third-stage larvae (L3). The protein, Tci-APY-1, was detected by immunoblotting in extracts of L4 nematodes and was present in excretory/secretory products from the same developmental stage. A recombinant version of Tci-APY-1 was expressed in bacteria as an active enzyme that hydrolysed nucleoside triphosphate substrates with a preference of ATP over other nucleoside triphosphates. Recombinant Tci-APY-1 hydrolysed ATP and ADP but not AMP. Apyrase activity was divalent cation-dependent, with no hydrolysis in the presence of Mg2+, but activation in the presence of Ca2+. Recombinant Tci-APY-1 was bound by IgG present in serum and both IgG and IgA present in abomasal mucus from trickle-infected, immune sheep but not in material derived from lambs exposed to a single infection. The potential immunomodulatory roles of this Tci-APY-1 are discussed in relation to purinergic signalling. C1 [Nisbet, A. J.] Moredun Res Inst, Div Parasitol, Pentlands Sci Pk, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Zarlenga, D. S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matthews, J. B.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Dept Vet Clin Studies, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Nisbet, AJ (reprint author), Moredun Res Inst, Div Parasitol, Pentlands Sci Pk, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Alasdair.Nisbet@moredun.ac.uk OI Nisbet, Alasdair/0000-0002-4965-5396 FU Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD) FX We thank Alison Donnan and Dr. David Bartley (Parasitology Division, Moredun Research Institute) for provision of all the parasite material and Jill Sales (BIOSS) for support with the statistical analysis. This work was funded by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD). NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0141-9838 EI 1365-3024 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01278.x PG 8 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 733FU UT WOS:000288249400005 PM 21208222 ER PT J AU Sun, JD Zhang, JS Larue, CT Huber, SC AF Sun, Jindong Zhang, Jisen Larue, Clayton T. Huber, Steven C. TI Decrease in leaf sucrose synthesis leads to increased leaf starch turnover and decreased RuBP regeneration-limited photosynthesis but not Rubisco-limited photosynthesis in Arabidopsis null mutants of SPSA1 SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; carbon partitioning; cold stress; diurnal growth; gene expression; null mutant; photosynthesis; starch synthesis; sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS); sucrose synthesis ID PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CARBON METABOLISM; COLD-ACCLIMATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; HIGHER-PLANTS; KEY ENZYMES; LEAVES; GROWTH; EXPRESSION AB We investigated the individual effect of null mutations of each of the four sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) genes in Arabidopsis (SPSA1, SPSA2, SPSB and SPSC) on photosynthesis and carbon partitioning. Null mutants spsa1 and spsc led to decreases in maximum SPS activity in leaves by 80 and 13%, respectively, whereas null mutants spsa2 and spsb had no significant effect. Consistently, isoform-specific antibodies detected only the SPSA1 and SPSC proteins in leaf extracts. Leaf photosynthesis at ambient [CO(2)] was not different among the genotypes but was 20% lower in spsa1 mutants when measured under saturating [CO(2)] levels. Carbon partitioning at ambient [CO(2)] was altered only in the spsa1 null mutant. Cold treatment of plants (4 degrees C for 96 h) increased leaf soluble sugars and starch and increased the leaf content of SPSA1 and SPSC proteins twofold to threefold, and of the four null mutants, only spsa1 reduced leaf non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in response to cold treatment. It is concluded that SPSA1 plays a major role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves, and decreases in leaf SPS activity lead to increased starch synthesis and starch turnover and decreased Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration-limited photosynthesis but not ribulose 1 center dot 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)-limited photosynthesis, indicating a limitation of triose-phosphate utilization (TPU). C1 [Sun, Jindong; Zhang, Jisen; Larue, Clayton T.; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol & Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhang, Jisen] Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China. [Sun, Jindong] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Larue, Clayton T.; Huber, Steven C.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol & Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@illinois.edu FU National Research Initiative, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35318-18650]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Ministry of Agriculture of China [2006-G37(2)] FX This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35318-18650 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. JZ was supported by the '948' project [2006-G37(2)] from the Ministry of Agriculture of China. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 592 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02265.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 732VV UT WOS:000288218700005 PM 21309792 ER PT J AU Barnard, DM Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B McCulloh, KA Johnson, DM Woodruff, DR AF Barnard, David M. Meinzer, Frederick C. Lachenbruch, Barbara McCulloh, Katherine A. Johnson, Daniel M. Woodruff, David R. TI Climate-related trends in sapwood biophysical properties in two conifers: avoidance of hydraulic dysfunction through coordinated adjustments in xylem efficiency, safety and capacitance SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE drought; hydraulic architecture; hydraulic conductivity; water storage; xylem vulnerability; xylem embolism ID PONDEROSA PINE TREES; STEM WATER STORAGE; NORWAY SPRUCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; LEAF-AREA; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WOOD DENSITY; CAVITATION AB In the Pacific north-west, the Cascade Mountain Range blocks much of the precipitation and maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean, resulting in distinct climates east and west of the mountains. The current study aimed to investigate relationships between water storage and transport properties in populations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) adapted to both climates. Sapwood thickness, capacitance, vulnerability to embolism, and axial and radial conductivity were measured on samples collected from trunks of mature trees. The sapwood of ponderosa pine was three to four times thicker than Douglas-fir. Radial conductivity was higher in west-side populations of both species, but axial conductivity was higher in the east-side populations and in Douglas-fir. Eastern populations of both species had sapwood that was more vulnerable to embolism than west-side populations. Sapwood capacitance was similar between species, but was about twice as great in east-side populations (580 kg m-3 MPa-1) as in west-side populations (274 kg m-3 MPa-1). Capacitance was positively correlated with both mean embolism pressure and axial conductivity across species and populations, suggesting that coordinated adjustments in xylem efficiency, safety and water storage capacity may serve to avoid embolism along a gradient of increasing aridity. C1 [Barnard, David M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barnard, David M.; Lachenbruch, Barbara; McCulloh, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, Daniel M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Barnard, DM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, 111 Shepardson,1173 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dave.barnard@colostate.edu RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU USDA Wood Utilization Research; NSF [09-19871]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station [07-JV-468] FX We are grateful to Cascade Timber Consulting for supply of study material, to Peter Kitin and Steve Voelker, as well as to the two anonymous reviewers whose comments contributed greatly to this paper. This project was supported in part by the USDA Wood Utilization Research Special Grant to Oregon State University, by NSF grant 09-19871 and Joint Venture Agreement 07-JV-468 with the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 62 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 643 EP 654 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02269.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 732VV UT WOS:000288218700009 PM 21309793 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB AF Jaynes, Dan B. TI Confidence bands for measured economically optimal nitrogen rates SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Confidence bands; Economically optimal N rate; Nitrogen fertilizer; Yield response ID FERTILIZER; CORN; VARIABILITY; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY AB While numerous researchers have computed economically optimal nitrogen rate (EONR) values from measured yield-N rate data, nearly all have neglected to compute or estimate the statistical reliability of these EONR values. In this study, a simple method for computing EONR and its confidence bands is described and demonstrated. The method is illustrated for seven yield response functions, namely, the linear plateau, quadratic, quadratic plateau, square root quadratic, spherical plateau, and exponential and exponential plateau. Only the quadratic and square root quadratic functions are linear in their parameters, with least squares regression yielding parameters that are normally distributed. The other five functions are non-linear and give parameter estimates that are non-normal and biased in their distribution when fit by least squares. Prior to computing EONR distributions, the non-linear functions were reparameterized to give fitted parameters that were nearly unbiased and normally distributed. EONR distributions were computed using a Monte Carlo method to generate 1,000 realizations of EONR based on the fitted response function parameters. From the 1,000 realizations, the expectation, confidence bands, and cumulative probability distributions for EONR were easily computed. Applying the approach to six yield data sets from the literature illustrated that the 68% confidence bands for computed EONR can span several tens of kilograms per hectare and are typically skewed about the expectation. There were considerable differences among the distributions of EONR computed from the seven functions, with the cumulative probability distributions sometimes not overlapping. Given the limited statistical reliability possible for EONR, it is essential that confidence bands always be reported when EONR values are computed from yield data. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dan.jaynes@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD APR PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 196 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s11119-010-9168-3 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 732GY UT WOS:000288174200003 ER PT J AU Mikulski, PT Van Workum, K Chateaueuf, GM Gao, GT Schall, JD Harrison, JA AF Mikulski, Paul T. Van Workum, Kevin Chateaueuf, Ginger M. Gao, Guangtu Schall, J. David Harrison, Judith A. TI The Effects of Interface Structure and Polymerization on the Friction of Model Self-Assembled Monolayers SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanotribology; Boundary lubrication; Solid lubrication; Friction mechanisms; Dynamic modeling; SAMS; Disorder; MD simulation; Polymerization; AIREBO ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CHAIN-LENGTH; DIAMOND SURFACES; NANOTRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ALKANE MONOLAYERS; SCALE FRICTION; THIN-FILMS; ADHESION AB The friction between two model atomic force microscope tips and two hydrocarbon monolayers has been examined using molecular dynamics simulations. An amorphous hydrocarbon tip and a flat diamond tip were both employed. One monolayer was composed of linear alkane chains and the other was composed of chains that were polymerized in a regular pattern near the tip-monolayer interface. When friction is decomposed into the forces on individual chains pushing and resisting sliding, the monolayer composed of linear alkane chains exhibited strong pushing forces immediately after clearing tip features at the sliding interface. When this monolayer is paired with the amorphous tip, the strong pushing forces resulted in low friction compared to a monolayer composed of polymerized chains. When the diamond tip is employed, commensurate meshing with the chains of the linear-alkane monolayer resulted in chains resisting tip motion for longer durations. The consequence of this is higher friction compared to the polymerized monolayer, despite the linear-alkane monolayer's more symmetric chain response at resisting-to-pushing transitions. C1 [Chateaueuf, Ginger M.; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mikulski, Paul T.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gao, Guangtu] Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Schall, J. David] Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WR20155]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA08018G001, F1ATA00130G001] FX PTM, GMC, KVM, and JAH acknowledge support from The Office of Naval Research under contract N0001409WR20155. This work was partially supported by The Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contracts F1ATA08018G001 and F1ATA00130G001. GMC and JAH also thank Kathleen E. Ryan for helpful discussions. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD APR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s11249-010-9740-z PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 733HD UT WOS:000288252900005 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL Thybaud, V Cimino, MC Custer, L Czich, A Harvey, JS Hester, S Kim, JH Kirkland, D Levy, DD Lorge, E Moore, MM Ouedraogo-Arras, G Schuler, M Suter, W Sweder, K Tarlo, K van Benthem, J van Goethem, F Witt, KL AF Dearfield, Kerry L. Thybaud, Veronique Cimino, Michael C. Custer, Laura Czich, Andreas Harvey, James S. Hester, Susan Kim, James H. Kirkland, David Levy, Dan D. Lorge, Elisabeth Moore, Martha M. Ouedraogo-Arras, Gladys Schuler, Maik Suter, Willi Sweder, Kevin Tarlo, Kirk van Benthem, Jan van Goethem, Freddy Witt, Kristine L. TI Follow-Up Actions from Positive Results of In Vitro Genetic Toxicity Testing SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE genotoxicity assays; in vitro positives; strategy; follow-up; ILSI HESI ID ERYTHROCYTE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; GENOTOXICITY TEST PROCEDURES; TANDEM REPEAT INSTABILITY; BACTERIAL MUTATION ASSAYS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; TERM TEST INFORMATION; MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; IWGT WORKING GROUP; VIVO COMET ASSAY; TOX PROGRAM AB Appropriate follow-up actions and decisions are needed when evaluating and interpreting clear positive results obtained in the in vitro assays used in the initial genotoxicity screening battery (i.e., the battery of tests generally required by regulatory authorities) to assist in overall risk-based decision making concerning the potential effects of human exposure to the agent under test. Over the past few years, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Project Committee on the Relevance and Follow-up of Positive Results in In Vitro Genetic Toxicity (IVGT) Testing developed a decision process flow chart to be applied in case of clear positive results in vitro. It provides for a variety of different possibilities and allows flexibility in choosing follow-up action(s), depending on the results obtained in the initial battery of assays and available in-formation. The intent of the Review Subgroup was not to provide a prescriptive testing strategy, but rather to reinforce the concept of weighing the totality of the evidence. The Review Subgroup of the IVGT committee highlighted the importance of properly analyzing the existing data, and considering potential confounding factors (e. g., possible interactions with the test systems, presence of impurities, irrelevant metabolism), and chemical modes of action when analyzing and interpreting positive results in the in vitro genotoxicity assays and determining appropriate follow-up testing. The Review Subgroup also examined the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each of the existing in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays to determine their usefulness in any follow-up testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52: 177-204, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Dearfield, Kerry L.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Thybaud, Veronique] Vitry Alfortville Res Ctr, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [Cimino, Michael C.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Custer, Laura; Sweder, Kevin] Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Res & Dev, Dept Genet Toxicol, E Syracuse, NY USA. [Czich, Andreas] Deutschland GmbH, R&D Drug Safety Evaluat FFM, Sanofi Aventis, Hattersheim, Germany. [Hester, Susan] US EPA, Res Unit Cores IO, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kim, James H.] ILSI HESI, Washington, DC USA. [Kirkland, David] Covance Labs Ltd, Harrogate, England. [Levy, Dan D.] US FDA, Off Nutr Labeling & Dietary Supplements, College Pk, MD USA. [Lorge, Elisabeth] Servier Grp, Biol Servier, France. [Moore, Martha M.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Ouedraogo-Arras, Gladys] LOreal, Int Safety Res Dept, Aulnay Sous Bois, France. [Schuler, Maik] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Drug Safety Res & Dev, Groton, CT USA. [Suter, Willi] Novartis Pharma AG, Preclin Safety GeneSafe, Basel, Switzerland. [Tarlo, Kirk] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [van Benthem, Jan] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Lab Hlth Protect Res, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [van Goethem, Freddy] Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut R&D, Genet & Exploratory Toxicol, Beerse, Belgium. [Witt, Kristine L.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jkim@hesiglobal.org NR 138 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3 DI 10.1002/em.20617 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 731GZ UT WOS:000288095600003 PM 20963811 ER PT J AU Bende-Michl, U Volk, M Harmel, D Newham, L Dalgaard, T AF Bende-Michl, Ulrike Volk, Martin Harmel, Daren Newham, Lachlan Dalgaard, Tommy TI Monitoring strategies and scale-appropriate hydrologic and biogeochemical modelling for natural resource management: Conclusions and recommendations from a session held at the iEMSs 2008 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Monitoring strategies; Uncertainty; Water quality; Nutrients; Water resources ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; PROCESS CONCEPTUALIZATION; WATERSHED MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; RIVER-BASIN; TOO COMPLEX; KEY ISSUES; FRAMEWORK; UNCERTAINTY; SCIENCE AB This short communication paper presents recommendations for developing scale-appropriate monitoring and modelling strategies to assist decision making in natural resource management (NRM). These ideas presented here were discussed in the session (S5) 'Monitoring strategies and scale-appropriate hydrologic and biogeochemical modelling for natural resource management' session at the 2008 international Environmental Modelling and Simulation Society conference, Barcelona, Spain. The outcomes of the session and recent international studies exemplify the need for a stronger collaboration and communication between researcher and model developer on the one side, and natural resource managers and the model users on the other side to increase knowledge in: 1) the limitations and uncertainties of current monitoring and modelling strategies, 2) scale-dependent linkages between monitoring and modelling techniques, and 3) representation of hydrologic and biogeochemical phenomena in model development and practical application for natural resource management. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bende-Michl, Ulrike] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Volk, Martin] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Harmel, Daren] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. [Newham, Lachlan] Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management iCAM, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Dalgaard, Tommy] Aarhus Univ, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Agroecol & Environm, Res Ctr Foulum, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Bende-Michl, U (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM Ulrike.Bende-Michl@csiro.au RI BendeMichl, Ulrike/F-2599-2011; Volk, Martin/F-1172-2010; Dalgaard, Tommy/G-4533-2016 OI Volk, Martin/0000-0003-0064-8133; Dalgaard, Tommy/0000-0001-8020-0034 FU CSIRO FX The corresponding author acknowledge the funding for travel and conference attendance by CSIRO. We want to gratefully acknowledge all S5 contributions and the lively discussion during the two days of the session. We wish to thank Hamish Cresswell, Zahra Paydar, Richard Stirzacker, Antje Ullrich and the reviewers for discussion and helpful comments to improve the quality of this paper. NR 80 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 538 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.09.006 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716IU UT WOS:000286963100019 ER PT J AU Kim, SI Tai, TH AF Kim, Sang-Ic Tai, Thomas H. TI Evaluation of seedling cold tolerance in rice cultivars: a comparison of visual ratings and quantitative indicators of physiological changes SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; Rice; Seedling; Cold tolerance; Electrolyte leakage; Antioxidants; Lipid peroxidation; Proline ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; CHILLING TOLERANCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MAJOR QTL; ABSCISIC-ACID; STAGE; STRESS; GROWTH; SENSITIVITY AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is sensitive to prolonged exposure to low temperature, which at the seedling stage can result in significant chilling injury and mortality. The objective of this study was to quantify physiological and biochemical changes in rice seedlings undergoing chilling stress and compare those changes with visual evaluation of tolerance. Seedlings from the cultivars M-202 (tolerant) and IR50 (sensitive) were subjected to 9A degrees C for 14 days in a controlled environment chamber. Leaf tissues were harvested at various time points for determination of electrolyte leakage, proline, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. Significant differences between M-202 and IR50 were detected in electrolyte leakage, proline, and ascorbic acid starting at 7 days with IR50 exhibiting higher levels of these indicators. Most IR50 seedlings were dead at 14 days. A set of fifty rice accessions including M-202 and IR50 was evaluated at 10 days of cold treatment to examine the correlation of visual ratings with the physiological indices. Visual ratings were most highly correlated with electrolyte leakage and least correlated with proline content. Based on visual ratings and the physiological indices, we identified several cultivars that outperformed M-202 in cold tolerance while IR50 had the lowest tolerance of the cultivars tested. C1 [Kim, Sang-Ic; Tai, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tai, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Mail Stop 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Thomas.Tai@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [5306-21000-017-00D] FX The work was supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 5306-21000-017-00D. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support of P. Colowit, E. Easlon, H. Mak, and C. Takachi. Thanks to K. McKenzie and V. Andaya for comments on improving this manuscript. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2011 VL 178 IS 3 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0343-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 728EZ UT WOS:000287858400013 ER PT J AU Tewoldemedhin, YT Mazzola, M Mostert, L McLeod, A AF Tewoldemedhin, Yared Tesfai Mazzola, Mark Mostert, Lizel McLeod, Adele TI Cylindrocarpon species associated with apple tree roots in South Africa and their quantification using real-time PCR SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apple replant disease; beta-tubulin; Soilborne diseases; Ecology ID BLACK FOOT DISEASE; REPLANT DISEASE; SEEDLINGS; PATHOGENS; FUNGAL; DESTRUCTANS; COMBINATION; CALIFORNIA; GRAPEVINE; VARIANCE AB Cylindrocarpon species are known to be a component of the pathogen/pest complex that incites apple replant disease. In South Africa, no information is available on apple associated Cylindrocarpon species and their pathogenicity. Therefore, these aspects were investigated. Among the isolates recovered from apple roots in South Africa, four species (C. destructans, C. liriodendri, C. macrodidymum and C. pauciseptatum) were identified using beta-tubulin gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of C. liriodendri, C. macrodidymum and C. pauciseptatum on apple trees. Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum was the most prevalent. Isolates within each of the four species were pathogenic towards apple seedlings, but varied in their virulence. With a single exception, all isolates were able to induce lesion development on seedling roots. Only 57% of the isolates, which represented all four species, were able to cause a significant reduction in seedling weight and/or height. The greatest seedling growth reductions were caused by two isolates of C. destructans, and one isolate each of C. liriodendri and C. macrodidymum. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of all four Cylindrocarpon species. qPCR analyses of Cylindrocarpon from the roots of inoculated seedlings showed that the amount of Cylindrocarpon DNA in roots was not correlated to seedling growth reductions (weight and height) or root rot. The qPCR method is, however, very useful for the rapid identification of apple associated Cylindrocarpon species in roots. The technique may also hold potential for being indicative of Cylindrocarpon disease potential if rhizosphere soil rather than roots are used. C1 [Tewoldemedhin, Yared Tesfai; Mostert, Lizel; McLeod, Adele] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Mazzola, Mark] ARS, USDA, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP McLeod, A (reprint author), Private Bag 11, ZA-7600 Matieland, South Africa. EM adelem@sun.ac.za RI McLeod, Adele/D-4025-2012 OI McLeod, Adele/0000-0002-1807-9154 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 129 IS 4 BP 637 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s10658-010-9728-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 729RC UT WOS:000287967400012 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wisniewski, M Droby, S Tian, SP Hershkovitz, V Tworkoski, T AF Liu, Jia Wisniewski, Michael Droby, Samir Tian, Shiping Hershkovitz, Vera Tworkoski, Thomas TI Effect of heat shock treatment on stress tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of Metschnikowia fructicola SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat tolerance; oxidative stress tolerance; ROS; trehalose; postharvest disease ID CONTROL POSTHARVEST DISEASES; PANTOEA-AGGLOMERANS CPA-2; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE AB The effect of high temperature and oxidative stress on the cell viability of the yeast antagonist, Metschnikowia fructicola was determined. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 degrees C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 degrees C, 20-30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol L-1 hydrogen peroxide, 20-60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than nontreated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P < 0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (P < 0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 degrees C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was upregulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased. Results indicate that the higher levels of trehalose induced by the HS may contribute to an improvement in ROS scavenging, stress tolerance, population growth in apple wounds and biocontrol activity of M. fructicola. C1 [Liu, Jia; Wisniewski, Michael; Tworkoski, Thomas] USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Liu, Jia; Tian, Shiping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Droby, Samir; Hershkovitz, Vera] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov FU US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) [IS-426809] FX This research was partially supported by a grant (IS-426809) from the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund to S.D. and M.W. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01037.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 730ZF UT WOS:000288075400013 PM 21223330 ER PT J AU He, LM Chen, JM Zhang, SL Gomez, G Pan, YD McCullough, K Birdsey, R Masek, JG AF He, Liming Chen, Jing M. Zhang, Shaoliang Gomez, Gustavo Pan, Yude McCullough, Kevin Birdsey, Richard Masek, Jeffrey G. TI Normalized algorithm for mapping and dating forest disturbances and regrowth for the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Forest disturbance; The continental US; Fire; Logging; Disturbance index; Change detection algorithm ID FIRE SEVERITY; VEGETATION; INVENTORY; HISTORY; SINKS; WATER; AGE; US AB Forest disturbances such as harvesting, wildfire and insect infestation are critical ecosystem processes affecting the carbon cycle. Because carbon dynamics are related to time since disturbance, forest stand age that can be used as a surrogate for major clear-cut/fire disturbance information has recently been recognized as an important input to forest carbon cycle models for improving prediction accuracy. In this study, forest disturbances in the USA for the period of similar to 1990-2000 were mapped using 400+ pairs of re-sampled Landsat TM/ETM scenes in 500m resolution, which were provided by the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System project. The detected disturbances were then separated into two five-year age groups, facilitated by Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, which was used to calculate the area of forest regeneration for each county in the USA. In this study, a disturbance index (DI) was defined as the ratio of the short wave infrared (SWIR, band 5) to near-infrared (NIR, band 4) reflectance. Forest disturbances were identified through the Normalized Difference of Disturbance Index (NDDI) between circa 2000 and 1990, where a positive NDDI means disturbance and a negative NDDI means regrowth. Axis rotation was performed on the plot between DIs of the two matched Landsat scenes in order to reduce any difference of DIs caused by non-disturbance factors. The threshold of NDDI for each TM/ETM pair was determined by analysis of FIA data. Minor disturbances affecting small areas may be omitted due to the coarse resolution of the aggregated Landsat data, but the major stand-clearing disturbances (clear-cut harvest, fire) are captured. The spatial distribution of the detected disturbed areas was validated by Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity fire data in four States of the western USA (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California). Results indicate omission errors of 66.9%. An important application of this remote sensing-based disturbance map is to associate with HA forest age data for developing a US forest age map. The US forest age map was also combined with the Canadian forest age map to produce a continent-wide forest map, which becomes a remarkable data layer for North America carbon cycle modeling. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Liming; Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [He, Liming; Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Zhang, Shaoliang] China Univ Min & Technol, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gomez, Gustavo] Ryerson Univ, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. [Pan, Yude; McCullough, Kevin; Birdsey, Richard] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP He, LM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, 100 St George St,Room 5047, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. EM liming.he@gmail.com; chenj@geog.utoronto.ca RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; OI He, Liming/0000-0003-4010-6814 FU US forest service FX The authors are grateful to Dr. John Holm and Dr. Ziliang Zhu for their support in this project. We thank Jeffrey G. Masek for providing the Landsat TM/ETM data in 500 m resolution and LEDAPS product. We also thank the US forest service for funding to conduct this research. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions on the manuscript. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD APR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2010.12.003 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 728SN UT WOS:000287894900007 ER PT J AU Kovacs, K Vaclavik, T Haight, RG Pang, A Cunniffe, NJ Gilligan, CA Meentemeyer, RK AF Kovacs, Kent Vaclavik, Tomas Haight, Robert G. Pang, Arwin Cunniffe, Nik J. Gilligan, Christopher A. Meentemeyer, Ross K. TI Predicting the economic costs and property value losses attributed to sudden oak death damage in California (2010-2020) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Natural disaster; Emerging infectious disease; Invasive species; Phytophthora ramorum ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATABASE; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; FOREST; PATHOGEN; OREGON; SPREAD; ESTABLISHMENT; COMMUNITIES; MORTALITY AB Phytophthora ramorum, cause of sudden oak death, is a quarantined, non-native, invasive forest pathogen resulting in substantial mortality in coastal live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and several other related tree species on the Pacific Coast of the United States. We estimate the discounted cost of oak treatment, removal, and replacement on developed land in California communities using simulations of P. ramorum spread and infection risk over the next decade (2010-2020). An estimated 734 thousand oak trees occur on developed land in communities in the analysis area. The simulations predict an expanding sudden oak death (SOD) infestation that will likely encompass most of northwestern California and warrant treatment, removal, and replacement of more than 10 thousand oak trees with discounted cost of $7.5 million. In addition, we estimate the discounted property losses to single family homes of $135 million. Expanding the land base to include developed land outside as well as inside communities doubles the estimates of the number of oak trees killed and the associated costs and losses. The predicted costs and property value losses are substantial, but many of the damages in urban areas (e.g. potential losses from increased fire and safety risks of the dead trees and the loss of ecosystem service values) are not included. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kovacs, Kent] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kovacs, Kent] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vaclavik, Tomas; Meentemeyer, Ross K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Ctr Appl Geog Informat Sci CAGIS, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Pang, Arwin] Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cunniffe, Nik J.; Gilligan, Christopher A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. RP Kovacs, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kova0090@umn.edu; tvaclavi@uncc.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us; ypang@cabnr.unr.edu; njc1001@cam.ac.uk; cag1@cam.ac.uk; rkmeente@uncc.edu RI Vaclavik, Tomas/B-4668-2013; OI Vaclavik, Tomas/0000-0002-1113-6320; Cunniffe, Nik/0000-0002-3533-8672 FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [EF-0622677] FX The authors are grateful to David Nowak and Eric Greenfield, U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station for sharing digital maps of U.S. Census-defined communities and data for 2001 NLCD developed areas and tree cover. Janice Alexander, UC Cooperative Extension, Mann County and Susan J. Frankel, U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station provided guidance on the spread and infestation of SOD, management practices for the treatment of oaks, and tree inventory information for cities and regions. Thomas Holmes and Jeffrey Englin helped in the development of the arborist survey for Mann County. We thank Christopher Gilligan, Nik Cunniffe, and Alex Cook for invaluable input to the development and testing of the spatio-temporal epidemiological model. The authors also acknowledge the support of the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. R.K. Meentemeyer and T. Vaclavik were also supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (EF-0622677). NR 58 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.12.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 727GD UT WOS:000287785000027 PM 21224033 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Jackson, M Blanco, RM AF Laszlo, Joseph A. Jackson, Michael Blanco, Rosa M. TI Active-site titration analysis of surface influences on immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B activity SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article DE Enzyme immobilization; Suicide inhibitor; Silica; Specific activity ID FUMED SILICA; HYDROPHOBIC SUPPORT; POLYESTER SYNTHESIS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; ADSORPTION; TRANSESTERIFICATION; CATALYSTS; MEDIA AB Matrix morphology and surface polarity effects were investigated for Candida antarctica lipase B immobilization. Measurements were made of the amount of lipase immobilized and the catalyst's tributyrin hydrolysis activity, along with a determination of the lipase's functional fraction by active-site titration. Soluble, purified lipase had an active fraction of 84%. Immobilization on the hydrophobic surface of macroporous poly(methylmethacrylate) resin resulted in the full retention the lipase active fraction, while immobilization on the hydrophobic surface of mesoporous, amorphous, octyl-modified silica allowed retention of just half of the lipase active fraction. The polar surface of unmodified mesoporous, amorphous silica bound the lipase in such a manner that all of the immobilized enzyme was active. Mesoporous, crystalline SBA-15 silica also bound lipase so that it all was active. The polar, non-porous surface of fumed silica retained only a small fraction (28%) of active lipase. Substantial differences were found among the various supports in their ability to preserve catalytic activity upon vacuum drying. These findings demonstrate that surface polarity alone is not the only determinant for immobilization, as hydrophobic poly(methylmethacrylate) and hydrophilic SBA-15 were equally competent as lipase supports. The ordered-channel mesostructure of SBA-15 may provide a critical balance of interactions with the enzyme to preserve its native conformation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laszlo, Joseph A.; Jackson, Michael] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Blanco, Rosa M.] CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Joe.Laszlo@ars.usda.gov RI Blanco, Rosa/H-1279-2015 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 EI 1873-3158 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD APR PY 2011 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.011 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 729VV UT WOS:000287981500010 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, M Pujol, M Metraux, JP Gonzalez-Garcia, V Bolton, MD Borras-Hidalgo, O AF Gonzalez, Marleny Pujol, Merardo Metraux, Jean-Pierre Gonzalez-Garcia, Vicente Bolton, Melvin D. Borras-Hidalgo, Orlando TI Tobacco leaf spot and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION CUSHION DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; THANATEPHORUS-CUCUMERIS; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; TARGET SPOT; DAMPING-OFF; DISEASE RESISTANCE; BEAN HYPOCOTYLS; RICE PLANTS AB P>Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes disease in a wide range of plants worldwide. Strains of the fungus are traditionally grouped into genetically isolated anastomosis groups (AGs) based on hyphal anastomosis reactions. This article summarizes aspects related to the infection process, colonization of the host and molecular mechanisms employed by tobacco plants in resistance against R. solani diseases. Taxonomy: Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk; anamorph: Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn; Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Basidiomycota; Class Agaricomycetes; Order Cantharellales; Family Ceratobasidiaceae; genus Thanatephorus. Identification: Somatic hyphae in culture and hyphae colonizing a substrate or host are first hyaline, then buff to dark brown in colour when aging. Hyphae tend to form at right angles at branching points that are usually constricted. Cells lack clamp connections, but possess a complex dolipore septum with continuous parenthesomes and are multinucleate. Hyphae are variable in size, ranging from 3 to 17 mu m in diameter. Although the fungus does not produce any conidial structure, ellipsoid to globose, barrel-shaped cells, named monilioid cells, 10-20 mu m wide, can be produced in chains and can give rise to sclerotia. Sclerotia are irregularly shaped, up to 8-10 mm in diameter and light to dark brown in colour. Disease symptoms: Symptoms in tobacco depend on AG as well as on the tissue being colonized. Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 and AG-3 infect tobacco seedlings and cause damping off and stem rot. Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 causes 'sore shin' and 'target spot' in mature tobacco plants. In general, water-soaked lesions start on leaves and extend up the stem. Stem lesions vary in colour from brown to black. During late stages, diseased leaves are easily separated from the plant because of severe wilting. In seed beds, disease areas are typically in the form of circular to irregular patches of poorly growing, yellowish and/or stunted seedlings. Resistance: Knowledge is scarce regarding the mechanisms associated with resistance to R. solani in tobacco. However, recent evidence suggests a complex response that involves several constitutive factors, as well as induced barriers controlled by multiple defence pathways. Management: This fungus can survive for many years in soil as mycelium, and also by producing sclerotia, which makes the management of the disease using conventional means very difficult. Integrated pest management has been most successful; it includes timely fungicide applications, crop rotation and attention to soil moisture levels. Recent developments in biocontrol may provide other tools to control R. solani in tobacco. C1 [Gonzalez, Marleny; Pujol, Merardo; Borras-Hidalgo, Orlando] Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Lab Plant Funct Genom, Havana 10600, Cuba. [Gonzalez, Marleny] Plant Hlth Inst, Havana 11600, Cuba. [Metraux, Jean-Pierre] Univ Fribourg, Dept Biol, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. [Gonzalez-Garcia, Vicente] IMIDRA, Madrid 28800, Spain. [Bolton, Melvin D.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Borras-Hidalgo, O (reprint author), Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Lab Plant Funct Genom, POB 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba. EM orlando.borras@cigb.edu.cu RI Metraux, Jean-Pierre/C-1111-2012 NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00664.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 728JI UT WOS:000287870000001 PM 21355993 ER PT J AU Leng, YQ Wu, CX Liu, ZH Friesen, TL Rasmussen, JB Zhong, SB AF Leng, Yueqiang Wu, Chengxiang Liu, Zhaohui Friesen, Timothy L. Rasmussen, Jack B. Zhong, Shaobin TI RNA-mediated gene silencing in the cereal fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; HAIRPIN RNAS; INTERFERENCE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; EFFICIENT; HETEROSTROPHUS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB P>A high-throughput RNA-mediated gene silencing system was developed for Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph: Bipolaris sorokiniana), the causal agent of spot blotch, common root rot and black point in barley and wheat. The green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) and the proteinaceous host-selective toxin gene (ToxA) were first introduced into C. sativus via the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation method. Transformants with a high level of expression of GFP or ToxA were generated. A silencing vector (pSGate1) based on the Gateway cloning system was developed and used to construct RNA interference (RNAi) vectors. Silencing of GFP and ToxA in the transformants was demonstrated by transformation with the RNAi construct expressing hairpin RNA (hpRNA) of the target gene. The polyketide synthase gene (CsPKS1), involved in melanin biosynthesis pathways in C. sativus, was also targeted by transformation with the RNAi vector (pSGate1-CsPKS1) encoding hpRNA of the CsPKS1 gene. The transformants with pSGate1-CsPKS1 exhibited an albino phenotype or reduced melanization, suggesting effective silencing of the endogenous CsPKS1 in C. sativus. Sectors exhibiting the wild-type phenotype of the fungus appeared in some of the CsPKS1-silenced transformants after subcultures as a result of inactivation or deletions of the RNAi transgene. The gene silencing system established provides a useful tool for functional genomics studies in C. sativus and other filamentous fungi. C1 [Leng, Yueqiang; Liu, Zhaohui; Rasmussen, Jack B.; Zhong, Shaobin] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Wu, Chengxiang] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friesen, Timothy L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Zhong, SB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM shaobin.zhong@ndsu.edu FU Agricultural Research Station at North Dakota State University FX The authors thank Dr H. Nakayashiki (Kobe University, Japan) for generously providing pSilent-1 and pII99, Dr X. Cai for supplying the fluorescent microscopy for GFP detection, and Dr J. D. Faris for providing equipment and facilities for the Southern blot and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. This work was funded in part by the Agricultural Research Station at North Dakota State University. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00666.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 728JI UT WOS:000287870000008 PM 21356000 ER PT J AU Peter, I Crosier, MD Yoshida, M Booth, SL Cupples, LA Dawson-Hughes, B Karasik, D Kiel, DP Ordovas, JM Trikalinos, TA AF Peter, I. Crosier, M. D. Yoshida, M. Booth, S. L. Cupples, L. A. Dawson-Hughes, B. Karasik, D. Kiel, D. P. Ordovas, J. M. Trikalinos, T. A. TI Associations of APOE gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density and fracture risk: a meta-analysis SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Apolipoprotein E; BMD; Fracture; Meta-analysis; Polymorphism ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; VITAMIN-K SUPPLEMENTATION; LARGE-SCALE ANALYSIS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; E GENOTYPE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HIP FRACTURE; ELDERLY-MEN; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OLDER-ADULTS AB To determine the association of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 gene polymorphism with bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures we conducted a meta-analysis of 17 reports. Despite lower trochanteric and lumbar BMD in APOE4 carriers, there is insufficient evidence to support a consistent association of APOE with bone health. APOE has been studied for its potential role in osteoporosis risk. It is hypothesized that genetic variation at APOE locus, known as E2, E3, and E4, may modulate BMD through its effects on lipoproteins and vitamin K transport. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the APOE-E4 gene polymorphism with bone-related phenotypes. We conducted a meta-analysis that combined newly analyzed individual data from two community-based cohorts, the Framingham Offspring Study (N = 1,495) and the vitamin K clinical trial (N = 377), with 15 other eligible published reports. Bone phenotypes included BMD measurements of the hip (total hip and trochanteric and femoral neck sites) and lumbar spine (from the L2 to L4 vertebrae) and prevalence or incidence of vertebral, hip, and other fractures. In sex-pooled analyses, APOE4 carriers had a 0.018 g/cm(2) lower weighted mean trochanteric BMD than non carriers (p = 0.0002) with no evidence for between-study heterogeneity. A significant association was also detected with lumbar spine BMD (p = 0.006); however, inter-study heterogeneity was observed. Associations with lumbar spine and trochanteric BMD were observed predominantly in women and became less significant in meta-regression (p = 0.055 and 0.01, respectively). There were no consistent associations of APOE4 genotype with BMD at other skeletal sites or with fracture risk. Based on these findings, there is insufficient evidence to support a strong and consistent association of the APOE genotype with BMD and fracture incidence. C1 [Peter, I.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Crosier, M. D.] Framingham State Coll, Framingham, MA USA. [Yoshida, M.; Booth, S. L.; Dawson-Hughes, B.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cupples, L. A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. A.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Karasik, D.; Kiel, D. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Trikalinos, T. A.] Tufts Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. RP Peter, I (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM inga.peter@mssm.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Karasik, David/0000-0002-8826-0530 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [AG14759, HL69272, HL54776, T32-DK62032]; National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the National Institute on Aging [R01 AR/AG 41398]; Framingham Heart Study of the NIH-NHLBI [N01-HC-25195]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, National Institutes of Health (AG14759, HL69272, HL54776 and T32-DK62032), National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the National Institute on Aging (R01 AR/AG 41398), the Framingham Heart Study of the NIH-NHLBI (Contract No. N01-HC-25195) and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology (MY). Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1199 EP 1209 DI 10.1007/s00198-010-1311-5 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 728DN UT WOS:000287854500020 PM 20533025 ER PT J AU Smykal, P Kenicer, G Flavell, AJ Corander, J Kosterin, O Redden, RJ Ford, R Coyne, CJ Maxted, N Ambrose, MJ Ellis, NTH AF Smykal, Petr Kenicer, Gregory Flavell, Andrew J. Corander, Jukka Kosterin, Oleg Redden, Robert J. Ford, Rebecca Coyne, Clarice J. Maxted, Nigel Ambrose, Mike J. Ellis, Noel T. H. TI Phylogeny, phylogeography and genetic diversity of the Pisum genus SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; core collection; domestication; genetic diversity; germplasm; microsatellite; pea; phylogeny; Pisum; retrotransposon ID NUCLEAR-CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; CONSTRUCTING CORE COLLECTIONS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PEA PISUM; BAYESIAN IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE; EVOLUTION AB The tribe Fabeae (formerly Vicieae) contains some of humanity's most important grain legume crops, namely Lathyrus (grass pea/sweet pea/chickling vetches; about 160 species); Lens (lentils; 4 species); Pisum (peas; 3 species); Vicia (vetches; about 140 species); and the monotypic genus Vavilovia. Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships within this group is essential for understanding the origin and diversification of these crops. Our study, based on molecular data, has positioned Pisum genetically between Vicia and Lathyrus and shows it to be closely allied to Vavilovia. A study of phylogeography, using a combination of plastid and nuclear markers, suggested that wild pea spread from its centre of origin, the Middle East, eastwards to the Caucasus, Iran and Afghanistan, and westwards to the Mediterranean. To allow for direct data comparison, we utilized model-based Bayesian Analysis of Population structure (BAPS) software on 4429 Pisum accessions from three large world germplasm collections that include both wild and domesticated pea analyzed by retrotransposon-based markers. An analysis of genetic diversity identified separate clusters containing wild material, distinguishing Pisum fulvum, P. elatius and P. abyssinicum, supporting the view of separate species or subspecies. Moreover, accessions of domesticated peas of Afghan, Ethiopian and Chinese origin were distinguished. In addition to revealing the genetic relationships, these results also provided insight into geographical and phylogenetic partitioning of genetic diversity. This study provides the framework for defining global Pisum germplasm diversity as well as suggesting a model for the domestication of the cultivated species. These findings, together with gene-based sequence analysis, show that although introgression from wild species has been common throughout pea domestication, much of the diversity still resides in wild material and could be used further in breeding. Moreover, although existing collections contain over 10,000 pea accessions, effort should be directed towards collecting more wild material in order to preserve the genetic diversity of the species. C1 [Smykal, Petr] Agritec Plant Res Ltd, Dept Biotechnol, CZ-78701 Sumperk, Czech Republic. [Kenicer, Gregory] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. [Flavell, Andrew J.] Univ Dundee SCRI, Div Plant Sci, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Corander, Jukka] Abo Akad Univ, Dept Math, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland. [Kosterin, Oleg] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Siberian Dept, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Redden, Robert J.] Australian Temperate Field Crops Collect, Horsham, Vic 3401, Australia. [Ford, Rebecca] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Land & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Coyne, Clarice J.] WSU, USDA Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Maxted, Nigel] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Ambrose, Mike J.; Ellis, Noel T. H.] John Innes Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RP Smykal, P (reprint author), Agritec Plant Res Ltd, Dept Biotechnol, Zemedelska 2520-16, CZ-78701 Sumperk, Czech Republic. EM smykal@agritec.cz OI Kosterin, Oleg/0000-0001-5955-4057; Smykal, Petr/0000-0002-6117-8510 FU Ministry of Education of Czech Republic [MSM 2678424601, LA08011, AEGIS LOA 10/048]; Russian Fund for Fundamental Research [10-04-00230-a]; Defra [GC0142] FX P. S. acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education of Czech Republic, MSM 2678424601, LA08011 and the Bioversity International AEGIS LOA 10/048 projects. O. K. acknowledges financial support from Russian Fund for Fundamental Research, grant 10-04-00230-a. M. J. A. acknowledges financial support from Defra GC0142 project for the maintenance of the JIC Pisum collection. NR 91 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 42 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD APR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.1017/S147926211000033X PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 731IR UT WOS:000288100000002 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL AF Nelson, Randall L. TI Managing self-pollinated germplasm collections to maximize utilization SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE Glycine; germplasm utilization; germplasm management ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-SOJA; NATURAL CROSS-POLLINATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WILD; RESISTANCE; LOCI; ACCESSIONS; CULTIVARS; SEQUENCE AB The primary mission of germplasm collections is to preserve genetic diversity, but germplasm is preserved so that it can be used. Historically, the standard practice is that all germplasm accessions should be maintained as collected, so that even self-pollinated accessions are maintained as heterogeneous seed lots. In theory, this seems like an ideal strategy for preserving genetic diversity, but in practice, it is simply not workable. Heterogeneous accessions are in constant risk of change and loss. It is possible to mitigate the risk factors, but they can only be lessened and not eliminated. Maintaining pure-lined accessions for self-pollinated species not only eliminates the problems associated with genetic drift and natural selection, but also enhances the accuracy of the evaluations and fosters effective germplasm utilization. Neither the current potential to characterize entire germplasm collections with tens of thousands of DNA markers nor the future potential of whole genome sequencing to completely characterize the diversity of all accessions in collections can be fully realized for self-pollinated species unless accessions are homogeneous and homozygous. In this manuscript, the case is made for pure-lining self-pollinated germplasm accessions using the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection, which has maintained pure-lined accessions for over 50 years, as an example. There is also an analysis of the extensive seed distribution from this collection to indicate the value of a diverse collection of genotypes. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA Agr Res Serv, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA Agr Res Serv, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM randall.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD APR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1017/S147926211000047X PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 731IR UT WOS:000288100000012 ER PT J AU Stelzer, RS Drover, DR Eggert, SL Muldoon, MA AF Stelzer, Robert S. Drover, Damion R. Eggert, Susan L. Muldoon, Maureen A. TI Nitrate retention in a sand plains stream and the importance of groundwater discharge SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Focused discharge; Groundwater; Mass-balance; Nitrogen; Sediments ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HEADWATER STREAMS; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CENTRAL WISCONSIN; NORTHEASTERN USA; 3RD-ORDER STREAM; NITROGEN REMOVAL; WATER INTERFACE AB We measured net nitrate retention by mass balance in a 700-m upwelling reach of a third-order sand plains stream, Emmons Creek, from January 2007 to November 2008. Surface water and groundwater fluxes of nitrate were determined from continuous records of discharge and from nitrate concentrations based on weekly and biweekly sampling at three surface water stations and in 23 in-stream piezometers, respectively. Surface water nitrate concentration in Emmons Creek was relatively high (mean of 2.25 mg NO(3)-N l(-1)) and exhibited strong seasonal variation. Net nitrate retention averaged 429 mg NO(3)-N m(-2) d(-1) and about 2% of nitrate inputs to the reach. Net nitrate retention was highest during the spring and autumn when groundwater discharge was elevated. Groundwater discharge explained 57-65% of the variation in areal net nitrate retention. Specific discharge and groundwater nitrate concentration varied spatially. Weighting groundwater solute concentrations by specific discharge improved the water balance and resulted in higher estimates of nitrate retention. Our results suggest that groundwater inputs of nitrate can drive nitrate retention in streams with high groundwater discharge. C1 [Stelzer, Robert S.; Drover, Damion R.] Univ Wisconsin Oshkosh, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Eggert, Susan L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Muldoon, Maureen A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. RP Stelzer, RS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Oshkosh, Dept Biol & Microbiol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM stelzer@uwosh.edu FU United States Forest Service; National Science Foundation; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; University of Wisconsin Oshkosh FX We thank Samantha Mand, Tim Anderson, Mike Shupryt, Brandon Joachim, Jake Jungers, David Flagel, Heather Oxley, and Mike Fitzgerald for technical support. Emily Bernhardt and Bryant Browne provided helpful suggestions about the study design. The manuscript was much improved by comments from Jake Beaulieu, Randy Kolka and three anonymous reviewers. We are grateful for grant support from the United States Forest Service, the National Science Foundation, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9449-y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 726TW UT WOS:000287750100007 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MJ Lovett, G Bailey, S Beall, F Burns, D Buso, D Clair, TA Courchesne, F Duchesne, L Eimers, C Fernandez, I Houle, D Jeffries, DS Likens, GE Moran, MD Rogers, C Schwede, D Shanley, J Weathers, KC Vet, R AF Mitchell, Myron J. Lovett, Gary Bailey, Scott Beall, Fred Burns, Doug Buso, Don Clair, Thomas A. Courchesne, Francois Duchesne, Louis Eimers, Cathy Fernandez, Ivan Houle, Daniel Jeffries, Dean S. Likens, Gene E. Moran, Michael D. Rogers, Christopher Schwede, Donna Shanley, Jamie Weathers, Kathleen C. Vet, Robert TI Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: new approaches and implications SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Watersheds; Sulfur budgets; Atmospheric deposition models; Acidic deposition; Recovery; Northeast US; Southeast Canada ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; NEW-YORK-STATE; DRY DEPOSITION; HUBBARD-BROOK; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CRITICAL LOADS AB Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO4 (2-) concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO2 concentrations as a function of SO2 emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO2 concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO2 concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO2 concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO4 (2-) on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO4 (2-) showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most sowed evidence of an internal source of SO4 (2-), which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1-6 kg S ha(-1) year(-1) to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada. C1 [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lovett, Gary] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Bailey, Scott] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Beall, Fred] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Burns, Doug] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Buso, Don] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Campton, NH 03223 USA. [Clair, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Branch, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada. [Courchesne, Francois] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Eimers, Cathy] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Fernandez, Ivan] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Houle, Daniel] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E, Canada. [Jeffries, Dean S.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Aquat Ecosyst Res Impacts Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Likens, Gene E.; Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Rogers, Christopher] MACTEC Engn & Consulting Inc, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. [Schwede, Donna] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Moran, Michael D.; Vet, Robert] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Houle, Daniel] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune Quebec, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. RP Mitchell, MJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM mitchell@syr.edu; lovettg@caryinstitute.org; swbailey@fs.fed.us; fbeall@NRCan.gc.ca; daburns@usgs.gov; dbuso@worldpath.net; tom.clair@ec.gc.ca; francois.courchesne@umontreal.ca; louis.duchesne@mrnf.gouv.qc.ca; ceimers@trentu.ca; ivanjf@maine.edu; daniel.houle@mrnf.gouv.qc.ca; Dean.Jeffries@ec.gc.ca; likensg@ecostudies.org; Mike.Moran@ec.gc.ca; cmrogers@mactec.com; schwede.donna@epa.gov; jshanley@usgs.gov; weathersk@ecostudies.org; Robert.Vet@ec.gc.ca RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Environment Canada; Fonds de Recherche sur la nature et les technologuies (FQRNT) du Quebec; National Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; US National Science Foundation; New York City Department of Environmental Protection; New York State Energy Research Development Authority; Northeast Ecosystem Research Cooperative (NERC); Ontario Ministry of Environment; US Forest Services; US EPA; US Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Environment Canada, Fonds de Recherche sur la nature et les technologuies (FQRNT) du Quebec, National Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, US National Science Foundation including the LTER and LTREB programs, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Energy Research Development Authority, Northeast Ecosystem Research Cooperative (NERC), Ontario Ministry of Environment, US Forest Services, US EPA, and US Geological Survey. We acknowledge funding support for sample collection and analysis by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Long-Term Monitoring program. The comments of Tom Huntington and J. E. Sickles on this manuscript were most helpful. Kim McEathron helped with some of the figures. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 151 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 726TW UT WOS:000287750100012 ER PT J AU Milczarek, RR Dai, AA Otoni, CG McHugh, TH AF Milczarek, Rebecca R. Dai, Annie A. Otoni, Caio G. McHugh, Tara H. TI Effect of shrinkage on isothermal drying behavior of 2-phase olive mill waste SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Olive; Agricultural residue; Shrinkage; Drying kinetics; Diffusion coefficient ID OIL EXTRACTION; MASS-TRANSFER; POMACE; AIR; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCT; MODEL AB The objective of this study was to determine the drying behavior of 2-phase olive mill waste (2POMW) under isothermal microwave-convection drying conditions. 2POMW samples were dried in a thin layer in a variable-power pilot microwave oven with impinging air, using a feedback controller to maintain sample temperature at one of four levels. Moisture loss and shrinkage of the samples were recorded during drying. The apparent diffusion coefficient of water was determined for the first falling rate period both with and without shrinkage. Apparent diffusivity was 28% lower when shrinkage was considered. Thus, shrinkage plays an important role in the drying behavior of this agricultural residue. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Milczarek, Rebecca R.; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Dai, Annie A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Otoni, Caio G.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Food Technol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Milczarek, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM rebecca.milczarek@ars.usda.gov; aadai@ucda-vis.edu; caio.otoni@ufv.br; tara.mchugh@ars.usda.gov RI Otoni, Caio/F-6743-2012 OI Otoni, Caio/0000-0001-6734-7381 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 4 BP 434 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.11.013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 717VC UT WOS:000287074500010 ER PT J AU Mercader, RJ Siegert, NW Liebhold, AM McCullough, DG AF Mercader, Rodrigo J. Siegert, Nathan W. Liebhold, Andrew M. McCullough, Deborah G. TI Influence of foraging behavior and host spatial distribution on the localized spread of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Buprestidae; Dispersal; Forest insect pests; Invasive species; Ovipositional behavior ID EXPLICIT POPULATION-MODELS; HETEROGENEOUS POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; INVASIVE SPREAD; PLANT-QUALITY; DYNAMICS; DIAPAUSE; ECOLOGY; TREES AB Management programs for invasive species are often developed at a regional or national level, but physical intervention generally takes place over relatively small areas occupied by newly founded, isolated populations. The ability to predict how local habitat variation affects the expansion of such newly founded populations is essential for efficiently targeting resources to slow the spread of an invasive species. We assembled a coupled map lattice model that simulates the local spread of newly founded colonies of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), a devastating forest insect pest of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. Using this model, we investigated the spread of A. planipennis in environments with different Fraxinus spp. distributions, and explored the consequences of ovipositional foraging behavior on the local spread of A. planipennis. Simulations indicate that increased larval density, resulting from lower host tree density or higher initial population sizes, can increase the spread rate during the first few years after colonization by increasing a density-dependent developmental rate and via host resource depletion. Both the radial spread rate and population size were greatly influenced by ovipositional foraging behavior. Two known behaviors of ovipositing A. planipennis females, attraction towards areas with high ash tree density and attraction to stressed trees, had opposing effects on spread. Results from this model illustrate the significant influence of resource distribution and foraging behavior on localized spread, and the importance of these factors when formulating strategies to monitor and manage invasive pests. C1 [Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.; McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Mercader, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mercade2@msu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Mercader, Rodrigo/L-6550-2015 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Mercader, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4904-2805 FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Area, Forest Health Protection FX We gratefully acknowledge Andrew Tluczek, David Cappaert, Andrea Anulewicz, and the members of the Forest Entomology Lab at MSU for their help. This manuscript was significantly improved by the comments provided by two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was provided by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Area, Forest Health Protection. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 56 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 53 IS 2 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s10144-010-0233-6 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714UB UT WOS:000286833400001 ER PT J AU Jamiyansharav, K Ojima, D Pielke, RA Parton, W Morgan, J Beltran-Przekurat, A LeCain, D Smith, D AF Jamiyansharav, K. Ojima, D. Pielke, R. A. Parton, W. Morgan, J. Beltran-Przekurat, A. LeCain, D. Smith, D. TI Seasonal and interannual variability in surface energy partitioning and vegetation cover with grazing at shortgrass steppe SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Energy fluxes; Grazing; Shortgrass steppe; Vegetation ID SEMIARID GRASSLAND; CARBON EXCHANGE; SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COLORADO; PRAIRIE; CO2; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; ECOSYSTEM AB We evaluated shortgrass steppe energy budgets based on the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance method for three different grazing intensity treatments at the Central Plains Experimental Range Long-Term Ecological Research (CPER-LTER) site. We tested the correlations between aboveground biomass and surface energy fluxes for three different precipitation years based on continuously measured 20 min interval data. Grazing has a potential impact on energy partitioning under conditions of higher water availability, but not during dry conditions. Our study confirms that precipitation, not grazing treatment, explains the majority of variation in aboveground biomass at the CPER-LTER site. In addition, we are suggesting effective temperature, not air temperature, as a superior metric to evaluate surface heat change. Effective temperature takes into account humidity as well as air temperature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jamiyansharav, K.; Ojima, D.; Parton, W.] CSU, NREL, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pielke, R. A.; Beltran-Przekurat, A.] CU Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pielke, R. A.; Beltran-Przekurat, A.] CU Boulder, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morgan, J.; LeCain, D.; Smith, D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jamiyansharav, K (reprint author), CSU, NREL, Grad Degree Program Ecol, 1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jkhishig@warnercnr.colostate.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0217631] FX The first author sincerely thanks all of the co-authors who contributed and supported this energy budget study at the SGS-LTER site. Special thanks to Lara Prihodko and Robin Kelly for data processing and Robin Kelly, Dallas Staley, and Daniel Milchunas for helpful editing of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research project by funds from the National Science Foundation award DEB 0217631. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.11.008 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 722WX UT WOS:000287467100006 ER PT J AU Glenn, NF Spaete, LP Sankey, TT Derryberry, DR Hardegree, SP Mitchell, JJ AF Glenn, N. F. Spaete, L. P. Sankey, T. T. Derryberry, D. R. Hardegree, S. P. Mitchell, J. J. TI Errors in LiDAR-derived shrub height and crown area on sloped terrain SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Canopy projection; Elliptical crown area; Hillslope; Laser altimetry; Light detection and ranging; Remote sensing; Sagebrush; Shrub-steppe ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; BIG SAGEBRUSH; ELEVATION; RESOLUTION; FUSION; COVER; MODEL; USA AB This study developed and tested four methods for shrub height measurements with airborne LiDAR data in a semiarid shrub-steppe in southwestern Idaho, USA. Unique to this study was the focus of sagebrush height measurements on sloped terrain. The study also developed one of the first methods towards estimating crown area of sagebrush from LiDAR. Both sagebrush height and crown area were underestimated by LiDAR. Sagebrush height was estimated to within +/- 0.26-0.32 mm (two standard deviations of standard error). Crown area was underestimated by a mean of 49%. Further, hillslope had a relatively low impact on sagebrush height and crown area estimation. From a management perspective, estimation of individual shrubs over large geographic areas can be accomplished using a 0.5 m rasterized vegetation height derivative from LiDAR. While the underestimation of crown area is substantial, we suggest that this underestimation would improve with higher LiDAR point density (>4 points/m(2)). Further studies can estimate shrub biomass using LiDAR height and crown area derivatives. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, N. F.; Spaete, L. P.; Sankey, T. T.; Mitchell, J. J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Derryberry, D. R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Math, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Hardegree, S. P.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Glenn, NF (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, 322 E Front St,Suite 240, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM glennanc@isu.edu RI Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014 OI Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654 FU NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division [NA06OAR4600124]; NSF Idaho; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; BLM Owyhee Uplands Pilot Project (ISU-BLM) [DLA060249]; BLM Owyhee Uplands Pilot Project (ARS-BLM) [60-5362-54820] FX This study was funded by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division Grant # NA06OAR4600124, the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387, and the BLM Owyhee Uplands Pilot Project (ISU-BLM Agreement #DLA060249 and ARS-BLM Agreement 60-5362-54820). The authors would like to thank Teri Peterson for statistical advice, Idaho State University Geomatics program for use of their RTK GPS, Idaho State University GIS Training and Research Center for contributing to the LiDAR data, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.11.005 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 722WX UT WOS:000287467100008 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Singh, M Inglett, G AF Liu, Sean X. Singh, Mukti Inglett, George TI Effect of incorporation of distillers' dried grain with solubles (DDGS) on quality of cornbread SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cornbread; Distillers' dried grains; Food quality; Bio-fuel; Brewer's spent grains ID BREWERS SPENT GRAIN; WHITE WINTER-WHEAT; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; BLENDED FOODS; BY-PRODUCTS; ACCEPTABILITY; STABILITY; COOKIES AB Recent increase in bio-fuel production, particularly the dry-grind corn-to-ethanol process, creates a sizable stockpile of its co-product in the form of Distillers' Dried Grain with Solubles (DDGS), which is made by blending distillers' wet grains (DWG) and syrup and drying the mix. The DDGS contains higher percentages of protein, fiber, lipid contents than those in corn. We evaluated cornbreads, which were formulated incorporating 0, 5, 10,15, 20, 25, and 30 g/100 g corn DDGS into corn flour, for moisture, odor, texture, water activity, batter rheology, and appearance. Moisture level in cornbreads was found to be virtually unchanged. DDGS in cornbread formulations generally induce darker appearance. The textures of cornbreads containing various amounts of DOGS are mostly comparable to the cornbread without any DDGS; the 20-25 g/100 g DDGS supplementation to corn flour seemed to be the highest limits for this application. However, the cornbread with 30 g/100 g DDGS incorporated shows signs of decline of textural quality and batter elasticity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, Sean X.; Singh, Mukti; Inglett, George] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sean.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3 SI SI BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.10.001 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714AJ UT WOS:000286778800019 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Influence of extended storage on fuel properties of methyl esters prepared from canola, palm, soybean and sunflower oils SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Acid value; Biodiesel; Fatty acid methyl esters; Induction period; Kinematic viscosity; Oxidative stability ID STABILITY INDEX OSI; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; BIODIESEL OXIDATION; SOYATE BIODIESEL; ANTIOXIDANTS AB Fatty acid methyl esters prepared from canola, palm, soybean, and sunflower oils by homogenous base-catalyzed methanolysis were stored for 12 months at three constant temperatures (-15, 22, and 40 degrees C) and properties such as oxidative stability, acid value, kinematic viscosity, low temperature operability, and iodine value were periodically measured. Oxidative stability was significantly reduced upon extended storage and acid value as well as kinematic viscosity were increased by only small increments, with these effects more pronounced at elevated temperatures. Iodine value and low temperature operability were essentially unaffected by extended storage. Based on these findings, it is not recommended that acid value or kinematic viscosity be used as indicators of storage stability of biodiesel, nor is it recommended that iodine value be used as a predictor of oxidative stability or indicator of oxidative degradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD APR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1226 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2010.10.009 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 702QD UT WOS:000285908300009 ER PT J AU Chauvin, GM Flerchinger, GN Link, TE Marks, D Winstral, AH Seyfried, MS AF Chauvin, G. M. Flerchinger, G. N. Link, T. E. Marks, Danny Winstral, A. H. Seyfried, M. S. TI Long-term water balance and conceptual model of a semi-arid mountainous catchment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE El Nino Southern Oscillation; Evapotranspiration; Percolation; Rangeland; Snow; Streamflow ID TEMPORALLY VARYING SNOWMELT; PONDEROSA PINE HILLSLOPE; SUBSURFACE FLOW; GROUNDWATER RESPONSE; MASS-BALANCE; HYDROLOGY; RUNOFF; SYSTEM; IDAHO; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Long-term water balance investigations are needed to better understand hydrologic systems, especially semi-arid mountainous catchments. These systems exhibit considerable interannual variability in precipitation as well as spatial variation in snow accumulation, soils, and vegetation. This study extended a previous 10-year water balance based on measurements and model simulations to 24 years for the Upper Sheep Creek (USC) catchment, a 26 ha, snow-fed, semi-arid rangeland headwater drainage within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho, USA. Additional analyses afforded by the additional years of data demonstrated that the variability between streamflow and annual precipitation (r(2) = 0.54) could be explained by the timing of precipitation and antecedent moisture conditions. Winter-spring precipitation and soil moisture deficit at the beginning of the water year accounted for 83% of the variability in streamflow, which was almost as accurate as applying the more complex physically-based Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) numerical model (r(2) = 0.85) over the three dominant land cover classes. A conceptual model was formulated based on field observations, numerical simulations and previous studies. Winter precipitation and spring snowmelt must first replenish the deficit within the soil water profile and ground water system before water is delivered to the stream. During this period, surface water and ground water are tightly coupled and their interaction is critical to streamflow generation. Shortly after snow ablation, however, water flux in the root zone becomes decoupled from the ground water system and subsequent precipitation does little to contribute to streamflow for the current year, but serves to offset ET and the soil moisture deficit at the beginning of the following year. This study demonstrates the merits of long-term catchment-scale research to improve our understanding of how climate and land cover interact to control hydrologic dynamics in complex mountainous terrain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Flerchinger, G. N.; Marks, Danny; Winstral, A. H.; Seyfried, M. S.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Link, T. E.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM GChauvin@tceq.state.tx.us; gerald.flerchin-ger@ars.usda.gov; tlink@uidaho.edu; ars.danny@g-mail.com; adam.wintral@ars.usda.gov; mark.seyfried@ars.usda.gov RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 FU NSF-CBET [0854553]; University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources FX Support for this research was provided by NSF-CBET Award No. 0854553 and the University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources. The authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 400 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.031 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 747MW UT WOS:000289325100011 ER PT J AU Goergen, EM Leger, EA Espeland, EK AF Goergen, Erin M. Leger, Elizabeth A. Espeland, Erin K. TI Native Perennial Grasses Show Evolutionary Response to Bromus tectorum (Cheatgrass) Invasion SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GLOBAL CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; PLANT; COMPETITION; COMMUNITIES; PLASTICITY; RESISTANCE; ECOSYSTEM AB Invasive species can change selective pressures on native plants by altering biotic and abiotic conditions in invaded habitats. Although invasions can lead to native species extirpation, they may also induce rapid evolutionary changes in remnant native plants. We investigated whether adult plants of five native perennial grasses exhibited trait shifts consistent with evolution in response to invasion by the introduced annual grass Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass), and asked how much variation there was among species and populations in the ability to grow successfully with the invader. Three hundred and twenty adult plants were collected from invaded and uninvaded communities from four locations near Reno, Nevada, USA. Each plant was divided in two and transplanted into the greenhouse. One clone was grown with B. tectorum while the other was grown alone, and we measured tolerance (ability to maintain size) and the ability to reduce size of B. tectorum for each plant. Plants from invaded populations consistently had earlier phenology than those from uninvaded populations, and in two out of four sites, invaded populations were more tolerant of B. tectorum competition than uninvaded populations. Poa secunda and one population of E. multisetus had the strongest suppressive effect on B. tectorum, and these two species were the only ones that flowered in competition with B. tectorum. Our study indicates that response to B. tectorum is a function of both location and species identity, with some, but not all, populations of native grasses showing trait shifts consistent with evolution in response to B. tectorum invasion within the Great Basin. C1 [Goergen, Erin M.; Leger, Elizabeth A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Espeland, Erin K.] Agr Res Serv ARS Sidney, NPARL, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. RP Goergen, EM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM erin.goergen@gmail.com OI Espeland, Erin/0000-0001-8541-3610 FU USDA CSREES; Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project FX This research was funded by a USDA CSREES Seed Grant to E. Leger and E. Espeland and The Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or manuscript preparation. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e18145 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0018145 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 743YK UT WOS:000289055700033 PM 21479185 ER PT J AU Roitman, JN Merrill, GB Beck, JJ AF Roitman, James N. Merrill, Glory B. Beck, John J. TI Survey of ex situ fruit and leaf volatiles from several Pistacia cultivars grown in California SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cultivars; ex situ; fruits; leaves; limonene; ocimene; Pistacia; volatiles ID ESSENTIAL OIL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; LENTISCUS L.; VERA L.; LEAVES; CONSTITUENTS; METABOLITES; ANTIFUNGAL; EMISSION AB BACKGROUND: California is the second largest cultivator of pistachios, producing over 375 million pounds and a revenue of $787 million in 2009. Despite the agricultural and economic importance of pistachios, little is known regarding their actual volatile emissions, which are of interest owing to their potential roles as semiochemicals to insect pests. RESULTS: The ex situ volatile analysis of leaves from Pistacia atlantica, P. chinensis, P. lentiscus, P. palaestina, P. terebinthus, P. vera and P. weimannifolia demonstrated emission differences between species as well as between female and male leaves. Leaves from the female P. vera cultivars Bronte, Damghan, II, III, Kerman and Ohadi as well as fruits of P. atlantica, P. chinensis, P. lentiscus, P. palaestina, P. terebinthus and P. vera (cultivars II, III, Kaleh, Kerman, Momtaz and Ohadi) showed differences in the composition and relative quantity of major volatiles. The compounds in highest relative quantities from the various analyses were sabinene, Delta(3)-carene, beta-myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, limonene, (Z)-ocimene, (E)-beta-ocimene and alpha-terpinolene. CONCLUSION: This is the first ex situ survey of fruit and leaf volatile emissions from California-grown Pistacia species and a number of corresponding cultivars. The study provides an overview of the major and minor volatile emissions and also offers evidence of chemotypes based on monoterpenes. The results highlight the dissimilarity of major components detected between ex situ volatile collection and essential oil analysis. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Roitman, James N.; Merrill, Glory B.; Beck, John J.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Beck, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM john.beck@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5325-42000-036-00] FX This research was conducted under USDA-ARS CRIS project 5325-42000-036-00. The authors thank C Simon and H Garrison (National Clonal Germplasm Repository) for their assistance with collections, C Beck for organisational assistance, K. Dragull (USDA) for helpful discussions, and the reviewers for their thoughtful and helpful input. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4268 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 737GJ UT WOS:000288556800020 PM 21384363 ER PT J AU Schneider, WL Damsteegt, VD Stone, AL Kuhlmann, M Bunyard, BA Sherman, DJ Graves, MV Smythers, G Smith, OP Hatziloukas, E AF Schneider, William L. Damsteegt, Vernon D. Stone, Andrew L. Kuhlmann, Micki Bunyard, Britt A. Sherman, Diana J. Graves, Michael V. Smythers, Gary Smith, Oney P. Hatziloukas, Efstathios TI Molecular analysis of soybean dwarf virus isolates in the eastern United States confirms the presence of both D and Y strains and provides evidence of mixed infections and recombination SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soybean dwarf virus; Recombination; Mixed infections; Emerging plant virus ID RED-LEAF VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUSES; WHITE CLOVER; IDENTIFICATION; LUTEOVIRUS; HOST; DIVERSITY; DISEASES; ROLL AB Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), first identified as an agricultural problem in Japan, has emerged as a growing problem in the Midwestern United States. The majority of research on SbDV had been limited to four lab maintained strains from Japan. SbDV had been found in clover in the eastern United States, but these isolates rarely emerged into soybeans. These isolates were analyzed by multiplex PCR and sequencing, revealing that some were infections of both Y and D components, including a recombinant subisolate. Phylogenetic analyses for the US isolates revealed a broad diversity of SbDV, with selection pressure greater on the movement protein than the coat protein. The field isolates from the Eastern United States showed differences in symptoms, aphid transmission and host range, demonstrating that a study of field isolates is an important complement to laboratory maintained strains in understanding the biology and evolution of plant viruses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schneider, William L.; Damsteegt, Vernon D.; Stone, Andrew L.; Sherman, Diana J.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Kuhlmann, Micki] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Graves, Michael V.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Smythers, Gary] SAIC Inc Frederick, Nci Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Smith, Oney P.] Hood Coll, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Hatziloukas, Efstathios] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Schneider, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, FDWSRU, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM william.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 412 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.001 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 740FY UT WOS:000288778200006 PM 21256532 ER PT J AU Gladue, DP Holinka, LG Fernandez-Sainz, IJ Prarat, MV O'Donnell, V Vepkhvadze, NG Lu, Z Risatti, GR Borca, MV AF Gladue, D. P. Holinka, L. G. Fernandez-Sainz, I. J. Prarat, M. V. O'Donnell, V. Vepkhvadze, N. G. Lu, Z. Risatti, G. R. Borca, M. V. TI Interaction between Core protein of classical swine fever virus with cellular IQGAP1 protein appears essential for virulence in swine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Virulence; Pathogenesis; Attenuation; Core protein; Classical swine fever virus ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; STRAIN BRESCIA; RNA HELICASE; VIRAL GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; PESTIVIRUSES; PATHWAY; SYSTEM AB Here we show that IQGAP1, a cellular protein that plays a pivotal role as a regulator of the cytoskeleton interacts with Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) Core protein. Sequence analyses identified residues within CSFV Core protein (designated as areas I, II, III and IV) that maintain homology to regions within the matrix protein of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV) that mediate binding to IQGAP1 [EMBO J. 2006 25:2155]. Alanine-substitution within Core regions I, II. III and IV identified residues that specifically mediate the Core-IQGAP1 interaction. Recombinant CSFV viruses harboring alanine substitutions at residues (207)AT(209) (I), (210)VVE(212) (II), (213)GVK(215) (III), or (232)GLYHN(236) (IV) have defective growth in primary swine macrophage cultures. In vivo, substitutions of residues in areas I and III yielded viruses that were completely attenuated in swine. These data shows that the interaction of Core with an integral component of cytoskeletal regulation plays a role in the CSFV cycle. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Borca, M. V.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [O'Donnell, V.; Risatti, G. R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lu, Z.] DHS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM douglas.gladue@ars.usda.gov; lauren.holinka@ars.usda.gov; ignacio.fernandez-sainz@ars.usda.gov; melanie.prarat@ars.usda.gov; vivian.odonnell.@ars.usda.gov; nino.vepkhvadze@ars.usda.gov; zlu@piadc.ars.usda.gov; guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 FU National Pork Board [09-111]; USDA Agricultural and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2009-01614] FX We thank the Plum Island Animal Disease Center animal care unit staff for their excellent technical assistance. This work was partially supported by the National Pork Board grant # 09-111 and USDA Agricultural and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) grant # 2009-01614. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 412 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.060 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 740FY UT WOS:000288778200008 PM 21262517 ER PT J AU Wappes, JE Lingafelter, SW AF Wappes, James E. Lingafelter, Steven W. TI A new species of Melzerella Lima from Bolivia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Aerenicini) with a key to known species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE key; biodiversity; distribution; longhorned woodborers; neotropics AB A new species of Melzerella Lima is described from Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. A key to the four known species is provided, along with color photographs documenting their vibrant patterns. C1 [Wappes, James E.] American Coleoptera Museum, San Antonio, TX 78255 USA. [Lingafelter, Steven W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wappes, JE (reprint author), American Coleoptera Museum, 8734 Paisano Pass, San Antonio, TX 78255 USA. EM steve.lingafelter@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 30 PY 2011 IS 2805 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 741UR UT WOS:000288891400003 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Kaplan, F Huffaker, A Dafoe, NJ Vaughan, MM Ni, XZ Rocca, JR Alborn, HT Teal, PE AF Schmelz, Eric A. Kaplan, Fatma Huffaker, Alisa Dafoe, Nicole J. Vaughan, Martha M. Ni, Xinzhi Rocca, James R. Alborn, Hans T. Teal, Peter E. TI Identity, regulation, and activity of inducible diterpenoid phytoalexins in maize SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Fusarium graminearum; 10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid; benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acid ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT; DEFENSE; RICE; BIOSYNTHESIS; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEX; KAURANE; COTTON; PEST AB Phytoalexins constitute a broad category of pathogen-and insect-inducible biochemicals that locally protect plant tissues. Because of their agronomic significance, maize and rice have been extensively investigated for their terpenoid-based defenses, which include insect-inducible monoterpene and sesquiterpene volatiles. Rice also produces a complex array of pathogen-inducible diterpenoid phytoalexins. Despite the demonstration of fungal-induced ent-kaur-15-ene production in maize over 30 y ago, the identity of functionally analogous maize diterpenoid phytoalexins has remained elusive. In response to stem attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and fungi, we observed the induced accumulation of six ent-kaurane-related diterpenoids, collectively termed kauralexins. Isolation and identification of the predominant Rhizopus microsporus-induced metabolites revealed ent-kaur-19-al-17-oic acid and the unique analog ent-kaur-15-en-19-al-17-oic acid, assigned as kauralexins A3 and B3, respectively. Encoding an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, fungal-induced An2 transcript accumulation precedes highly localized kauralexin production, which can eventually exceed 100 mu g.g(-1) fresh weight. Pharmacological applications of jasmonic acid and ethylene also synergize the induced accumulation of kauralexins. Occurring at elevated levels in the scutella of all inbred lines examined, kauralexins appear ubiquitous in maize. At concentrations as low as 10 mu g.mL(-1), kauralexin B3 significantly inhibited the growth of the opportunistic necrotroph R. microsporus and the causal agent of anthracnose stalk rot, Colletotrichum graminicola. Kauralexins also exhibited significant O. nubilalis antifeedant activity. Our work establishes the presence of diterpenoid defenses in maize and enables a more detailed analysis of their biosynthetic pathways, regulation, and crop defense function. C1 [Schmelz, Eric A.; Kaplan, Fatma; Huffaker, Alisa; Dafoe, Nicole J.; Vaughan, Martha M.; Alborn, Hans T.; Teal, Peter E.] USDA ARS, Chem Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Rocca, James R.] Univ Florida, Adv Magnet Resonance & Imaging, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eric.schmelz@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X FU US Department of Agriculture FX We kindly thank R. J. Peters for the generous use of C0387 An2 as a positive control construct for ent-CPS activity; B. Forguson for greenhouse assistance; H. Tang for An2 cloning; J. A. Rollins and L. J. Vaillancourt for the C. graminicola stock culture and valuable discussions; student workers M. Legaspi, K. Friman, E. Mok, and A. Kuipers for laboratory assistance; and two anonymous reviewers who substantially improved the manuscript. This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service base funds. NR 41 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 56 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 29 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 13 BP 5455 EP 5460 DI 10.1073/pnas.1014714108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 741VY UT WOS:000288894800061 PM 21402917 ER PT J AU Williams, DJ Gullan, PJ Miller, DR Matile-Ferrero, D Han, SI AF Williams, D. J. Gullan, P. J. Miller, D. R. Matile-Ferrero, D. Han, Sarah I. TI A study of the scale insect genera Puto Signoret (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Putoidae) and Ceroputo Sulc (Pseudococcidae) with a comparison to Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE archaeococcoids; neococcoids; mealybug; taxonomy ID MEALYBUGS HEMIPTERA; GENETIC SYSTEMS; HOMOPTERA; PHYLOGENY; CLASSIFICATION; COCCINEA; SENSILLA; GENUS AB For almost a century, the scale insect genus Puto Signoret (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) was considered to belong to the family Pseudococcidae (the mealybugs), but recent consensus accords Puto its own family, the Putoidae. This paper reviews the taxonomic history of Puto and family Putoidae, compares the morphology of Puto to that of Ceroputo Sulc and Phenacoccus Cockerell, and reassesses the status of all species that have been placed in Puto to determine whether they belong to the Putoidae or to the Pseudococcidae. For 49 of 57 species that have been placed in Puto, as listed in the online database ScaleNet, we score and tabulate features that are diagnostic for Putoidae and then list all species in their correct family placement. For comparison, we include a few species of Pseudococcidae, namely five species of Phenacoccus, including the type species Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret), and the type species of Ceroputo, C. pilosellae Sulc. We provide revised synonymy lists for Puto and Ceroputo, a brief diagnosis of each genus, synonymy lists and notes for several species for which we suggest recombinations or additional synonyms, or for which we have additional data on morphology. We provide a brief diagnosis of Phenacoccus for comparison with Ceroputo and Puto. As a result of our study, we recognise 47 extant and two fossil species of Puto, and six species of Ceroputo. The New World species Puto mimicus McKenzie and Puto nulliporus McKenzie are transferred to the mealybug genus Ceroputo as Ceroputo mimicus (McKenzie) comb. nov. and Ceroputo nulliporus (McKenzie) comb. nov., respectively, and the Old World species Puto pini Danzig and Puto vaccinii Danzig are recognised as Ceroputo pini (Danzig) comb. rev. and Ceroputo vaccinii (Danzig) comb. rev., respectively, in agreement with Tang (1992). The Old World species Puto graminis Danzig is transferred to Ceroputo as Ceroputo graminis (Danzig) comb. nov. Based only on a study of the literature, the following two names are treated here as junior subjective synonyms of Ceroputo pilosellae: Phenacoccus asteri Takahashi syn. nov. and Puto jarudensis Tang syn. nov. We agree with Tang (1992) that Leococcus erigeroneus Kanda should be treated as a junior subjective synonym of C. pilosellae and thus the genus name Leococcus Kanda, erected for L. erigeroneus and formerly treated as a junior synonym of Puto, is a junior synonym of Ceroputo. C1 [Gullan, P. J.; Han, Sarah I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Williams, D. J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Gullan, P. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Miller, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matile-Ferrero, D.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut, MNHN CNRS, UMR 7205, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Gullan, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjgullan@ucdavis.edu; Douglass.miller@ars.usda.gov FU California Agricultural Experiment Station FX We are most grateful to Evelyna Danzig and Ilya Gavrilov, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg, Russia, for allowing us to study many of the species from Russia and neighbouring countries. Ilya Gavrilov also helped in sending us character details of some of the Palaearctic species, which we acknowledge with gratitude. We thank Ferenc Kozar for examining first-instar nymphs of Ceroputo pilosellae, and M. Bora Kaydan, Yuzimcu University, Van, Turkey, for examining embryos of C. pilosellae in specimens from Turkey. In addition, M. Bora Kaydan and Ferenc Kozar kindly examined the paratype of Puto salinasi deposited in the Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, and Bora made available his unpublished molecular phylogenetic data on C. pilosellae and Phenacoccus. We are most thankful to Ting-kui Qin, Plant Biosecurity (Horticulture), Department of Agriculture, Canberra, Australia, for translating the Chinese description of Puto jarudensis into English. We are grateful to Haley Bastien for assisting with adding and checking references, and to Takumasa Kondo for edits to the figure. We thank Ray Gill, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, USA, and Ronald Ochoa and Gary Miller, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA, for reviewing the manuscript and providing useful comments. We also extend our thanks to Chris Hodgson for his useful comments and suggestions about the layout of the text, which have greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part by Hatch funding from the California Agricultural Experiment Station to PJG. NR 104 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 28 PY 2011 IS 2802 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 740GV UT WOS:000288780500001 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Ralph, SA AF Agarwal, Umesh P. Ralph, Sally A. TI Strategy for lignin quantitation by Raman spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Agarwal, Umesh P.; Ralph, Sally A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 269-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802702 ER PT J AU Appell, M Moravec, D Bosma, WB AF Appell, Michael Moravec, David Bosma, Wayne B. TI NBO analysis and vibrational frequencies of citrinin: A density functional study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 107-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800112 ER PT J AU Bean, SR AF Bean, Scott R. TI Overview of sorghum protein structure and cross-linking: Implications for nutritional and functional properties of sorghum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bean, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 51-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800052 ER PT J AU Beck, JJ Light, DM Higbee, BS Gee, WS Dragull, K AF Beck, John J. Light, Douglas M. Higbee, Bradley S. Gee, Wai S. Dragull, Klaus TI Relative emission patterns of ambient almond orchard volatiles and associated navel orangeworm chemoreception and in vitro ovipositional behavior SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Albany, CA USA. UC Davis, Dept Entomol, Agr Extens Serv, Davis, CA USA. Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 46-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800007 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Sharma, BK Klasson, KT Cheng, HN AF Biswas, Atanu Sharma, B. K. Klasson, K. T. Cheng, H. N. TI New bio-based materials from vegetable oil: Amination and click reactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 186-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802735 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DL Bean, SR AF Blackwell, Deidre L. Bean, Scott R. TI RP-HPLC analysis of sorghum protein digestibility SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Blackwell, Deidre L.; Bean, Scott R.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 129-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800127 ER PT J AU Blood, A Esekie, C Moore, RK AF Blood, Allisha Esekie, Cherrelle Moore, Roderquita K. TI Comparison of lignin component of Loblolly Pine by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared: Affected and unaffected by Fusiform rust Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Spelman Coll, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 218-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801285 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Blumberg, JB Chen, O AF Bolling, Bradley W. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, Oliver TI Influence of cultivar and postharvest conditions on polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of California almond skins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT USA. Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 47-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800008 ER PT J AU Bozell, JJ Elder, T AF Bozell, Joseph J. Elder, Thomas TI Density functional theory and molecular dynamics investigation of the self-assembly of glycal-based bolaamphiphiles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 619-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806675 ER PT J AU Bras, J Klamczynski, AP Williams, T Glenn, GM Orts, WJ Dufresne, A AF Bras, Julien Klamczynski, Artur P. Williams, Tina Glenn, Gregory M. Orts, William J. Dufresne, Alain TI Extruded thermoplastic starch with cellulose nanofibrils: Process and properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Grenoble INP Pagora, Lab Pulp & Paper Sci LGP2, St Martin Dheres, France. ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 74-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805697 ER PT J AU Britz, S AF Britz, Steven TI Weather, climate, and phytonutrients SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Britz, Steven] USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 180-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800166 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ AF Burri, Betty J. TI Comparing food-based interventions and supplements for preventing vitamin A deficiency SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burri, Betty J.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 184-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800170 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Turner, T AF Burri, Betty J. Turner, Tami TI Evaluating sweet potato as an intervention food for preventing vitamin A deficiency SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burri, Betty J.; Turner, Tami] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 159-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800160 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Turner, T AF Burri, Betty Jane Turner, Tami TI Eight minute analysis of six major carotenoids and vitmain A in biological samples using isocratic high pressure liquid chromatography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 UC Davis, Davis, CA USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 49-BIOL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801544 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN AF Cheng, H. N. TI Aging of ACS's membership: Fact or fiction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheng, H. N.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 2-PROF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802297 ER PT J AU Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA Baer, DJ Britz, SJ Charron, CS AF Clevidence, Beverly A. Novotny, Janet A. Baer, David J. Britz, Steven J. Charron, Craig S. TI Factors affecting apparent bioavailability of carotenoids and anthocyanins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Clevidence, Beverly A.; Novotny, Janet A.; Baer, David J.; Britz, Steven J.; Charron, Craig S.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 162-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800163 ER PT J AU Elder, T Felby, C AF Elder, Thomas Felby, Claus TI Thermal analysis of lignin from hydrothermal pre-treatment of straw SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Frederiksberg, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 309-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802716 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Bucur, CB Cote, GL Evans, KO AF Finkenstadt, Victoria L. Bucur, Claudiu B. Cote, Gregory L. Evans, Kervin O. TI Structure-function properties of anticorrosive exopolysaccharides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Finkenstadt, Victoria L.; Bucur, Claudiu B.; Cote, Gregory L.; Evans, Kervin O.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 208-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800176 ER PT J AU Fleshman, MK Cope, KA Novotny, JA Baer, DJ Jones, PJ Riedl, KM Schwartz, SJ Harrison, EH AF Fleshman, Matthew K. Cope, Keary A. Novotny, Janet A. Baer, David J. Jones, Peter J. Riedl, Ken M. Schwartz, Steven J. Harrison, Earl H. TI Mechanisms and variability of intestinal absorption of beta-carotene in humans: Relationships to cholesterol absorption SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Riedl, Ken/G-8621-2014 OI Riedl, Ken/0000-0002-9020-3471 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 181-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800167 ER PT J AU Fleshman, MK Lester, GE Riedl, KM Schwartz, SJ Harrison, EH AF Fleshman, Matthew K. Lester, Gene E. Riedl, Ken M. Schwartz, Steven J. Harrison, Earl H. TI Carotene and novel apocarotenoid concentrations in orange-fleshed Cucumis melo melons: Determinations of beta-carotene bioaccessibility and bioavailability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Riedl, Ken/G-8621-2014 OI Riedl, Ken/0000-0002-9020-3471 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 160-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800161 ER PT J AU French, AD AF French, Alfred D. TI Energy landscapes for disaccharide analogs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [French, Alfred D.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Quim Organ, CIHIDECAR, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 64-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802368 ER PT J AU Golden, T Jones, B Tabor, A Cloyde, M Ritchie, R Davis, A Perkins-Veazie, P AF Golden, Teresa Jones, Bradley Tabor, Andrew Cloyde, Michael Ritchie, Rebekah Davis, Angela Perkins-Veazie, Penelope TI Lycopene effects in tissue culture cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 SE Oklahoma State Univ, Durant, OK USA. ARS, USDA, Lane, OK USA. NC Res Campus, Kannapolis, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 121-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800122 ER PT J AU Haub, MD Louk, JA Schrage, A Craemer, B Bean, SR AF Haub, Mark D. Louk, Julie A. Schrage, Andrea Craemer, Brad Bean, Scott R. TI Grain sorghum and metabolic health SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 53-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800054 ER PT J AU Holden, JM Roseland, JM Gebhardt, SE Andrews, KW Dwyer, JT AF Holden, Joanne M. Roseland, Janet M. Gebhardt, Susan E. Andrews, Karen W. Dwyer, Johanna T. TI USDA databases for dietary components in food and dietary supplements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 182-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800168 ER PT J AU Hua, B Yan, WG Wang, JM Deng, BL Yang, J AF Hua, Bin Yan, Wengui Wang, Jianmin Deng, Baolin Yang, John TI Arsenic accumulation in rice grains as affected by cultivars and water management practices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lincoln Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 55-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804388 ER PT J AU Hunt, CG Hammel, K Jones, DC AF Hunt, Christopher G. Hammel, Kenneth Jones, Don Carl TI Micron scale maps of reactive oxygen species using fluorescent beads to illuminate mechanisms of early fungal decay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Hunt, Christopher/D-6339-2011 OI Hunt, Christopher/0000-0002-4799-7085 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 272-CELL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802705 ER PT J AU Ioerger, B Bean, S AF Ioerger, Brian Bean, Scott TI Extraction and characterization of sorghum polymeric proteins by size exclusion chromatography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ioerger, Brian; Bean, Scott] ARS, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 128-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800126 ER PT J AU Jadhav, SR Chiou, BS Wood, DF DeGrande-Hoffman, G Glenn, GM John, G AF Jadhav, Swapnil R. Chiou, Bor-Sen Wood, Delilah F. DeGrande-Hoffman, Gloria Glenn, Gregory M. John, George TI Molecular gels-based controlled release devices for pheromones SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 9-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800020 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI Effect of strain rate on mechanical properties of melt-processed soy flour composite filler and styrene-butadiene blends SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jong, Lei] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 382-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806973 ER PT J AU Light, DM AF Light, Douglas M. TI Impact of kairomones on moth pest management: Pear ester and the Codling Moth SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Light, Douglas M.] ARS, WRRC, USDA, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 61-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800062 ER PT J AU Lin, JT AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh TI Identification of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol containing 11,12,13-trihydroxy-9,14-octadecadienoic acid in castor oil by mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 168-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801446 ER PT J AU Liu, RQ Tindall, SR Gonzalez, JM Halvorson, JJ Hagerman, AE AF Liu, Ruiqiang Tindall, Steven R. Gonzalez, Javier M. Halvorson, Jonathan J. Hagerman, Ann E. TI Characterization of tannin-metal complexes by UV-Visible spectrophotometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 139-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800081 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Memon, A AF Luthria, Devanand L. Memon, Ayaz TI Significance of grinding methodology and extraction parameters on the assay of phytochemicals in foods and nuts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Sindh, Natl Ctr Excellence Analyt Chem, Jamshoro, Pakistan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 15-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800003 ER PT J AU McClung, A Fjellstrom, R Park, WD Bergman, C McCouch, S AF McClung, Anna Fjellstrom, Robert Park, William D. Bergman, Christine McCouch, Susan TI Development of new rice cultivars for conventional and value-added markets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 90-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800143 ER PT J AU McHugh, T AF McHugh, Tara TI Innovative food processing for health SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McHugh, Tara] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 87-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800140 ER PT J AU Moore, RK AF Moore, Roderquita K. TI Utilizing NMR, FTIR, GC-MS and GCXGC-TOFMS: Comparative differences of wood composition decay of southern pines SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Moore, Roderquita K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 291-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801480 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Johnson, GP French, AD AF Nishiyama, Yoshiharu Johnson, Glenn P. French, Alfred D. TI Implications of cellulose crystal structures and their models for cellulose biogenesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 253-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802654 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Medeiros, ES Glenn, GM Torres, LF Wood, DF Mattoso, LHC AF Orts, William J. Medeiros, Eliton S. Glenn, Gregory M. Torres, Lennard F. Wood, Delilah F. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. TI Development of biodegradable composites, nanocomposites, and electroconductive nanowires from glycerol-based biopolymers reinforced with cellulose whiskers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA USA. Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Mat Engn, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Embrapa Instrumentao Ao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Aplicada Agronegacio, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RI Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 56-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805615 ER PT J AU Pearce, E Heinze, GE Brown, CH Cheng, HN AF Pearce, Eli Heinze, George E. Brown, Cheryl H. Cheng, H. N. TI Senior chemists: Life begins at fifty SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NYU Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Brooklyn, NY USA. Amer Chem Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 22-PROF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807391 ER PT J AU Radwan, MM Tabanca, N Wedge, DE Cutler, SJ AF Radwan, Mohamed M. Tabanca, Nurhyate Wedge, David E. Cutler, Stephen J. TI Evaluation of the antifungal activities of twenty three spices against plant pathogens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 193-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800102 ER PT J AU Reising, AB Liu, JC Moon, RJ Youngblood, JP AF Reising, Alexander B. Liu, Jen-Chieh Moon, Robert J. Youngblood, Jeffrey P. TI Improved methods for casting neat nanofibrillated and nanocrystalline cellulose films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 274-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802866 ER PT J AU Rose, D Inglett, G AF Rose, Devin Inglett, George TI Autohydrolysis of cereal bran for the production of feruloylated arabinoxylooligosaccharides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 34-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800046 ER PT J AU Sabo, R Luo, XL Clemons, C Zhu, JY AF Sabo, Ron Luo, Xiaolin Clemons, Craig Zhu, JunYong TI Integrating nanocellulose and biofuel production through cellulase fractionation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sabo, Ron; Luo, Xiaolin; Clemons, Craig; Zhu, JunYong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 128-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805622 ER PT J AU Selling, G Evangelista, R Isbell, T Evangelista, MH AF Selling, Gordon Evangelista, Roque Isbell, Terry Evangelista, Mila Hojilla TI Extraction of proteins from pennycress SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Selling, Gordon; Evangelista, Roque; Isbell, Terry; Evangelista, Mila Hojilla] USDA, ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 60-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802592 ER PT J AU Sundaram, J Park, B Zhao, YP Hinton, A Yoon, SC Windham, WR Lawrence, KC AF Sundaram, Jaya Park, Bosoon Zhao, Yiping Hinton, Arthur Yoon, Seung Chul Windham, William R. Lawrence, Kurt C. TI Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in rapid detection of live and dead Salmonella cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 44-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800035 ER PT J AU Tan, CX Schrader, KK Mizuno, CS Rimando, AM AF Tan, Change-Xia Schrader, Kevin K. Mizuno, Cassia S. Rimando, Agnes M. TI Synthesis of lycorine analogs and activity against Flavobacterium columnare SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, USDA, University, MS USA. Zhejiang Univ Technol, Coll Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 145-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800133 ER PT J AU Tomaine, AJ Halligan, KM Beck, JJ AF Tomaine, Anthony J. Halligan, Kathleen M. Beck, John J. TI Development of an aromatic ester SAR study to combat a toxic metabolite from A. flavus SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 York Coll Penn, York, PA USA. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Mycotoxin Res, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 895-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800863 ER PT J AU Vasu, P Savary, BJ Cameron, RG AF Vasu, Prasanna Savary, Brett J. Cameron, Randall G. TI Purification and characterization of a papaya (Carica papaya L.) pectin ethylesterase isolated from "Liquipanol" SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, Jonesboro, AR USA. ARS, USDA, Qual Improvement Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 135-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800078 ER PT J AU Woteki, C AF Woteki, Catherine TI Past, present, and future: Contributions of women to the agricultural sciences SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Woteki, Catherine] USDA, REE, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 86-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800139 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, W Davis, PA Vasu, V Gohil, K Kim, H Khan, I Cross, C AF Yokoyama, Wallace Davis, Paul A. Vasu, Vihas Gohil, Kishore Kim, Hyunsook Khan, Imran Cross, Carroll TI Walnut feeding changes hepatic metabolomic profile of mouse model of prostate cancer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 50-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800011 ER PT J AU Zhang, HJ Shoemaker, C Cheng, L Yokoyama, WH AF Zhang, Huijuan Shoemaker, Charles Cheng, Luisa Yokoyama, Wallace H. TI Comparison of micellar and caco2 in vitro methods for evaluation of hypocholesterolemic properties of hydrophobically fractionated peptides from rice and soy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. Jiangnan Univ, Dept Food Sci, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 56-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800057 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Luo, XL Zhang, P Zhu, ZG He, ZB Ni, YH AF Zhu, Junyong Luo, Xiaolin Zhang, Percival Zhu, Zhiguang He, Zhibin Ni, Yonghao TI On the understanding of various factors on enzymatic saccharification for biomass bioconversion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Limerick Pulp & Paper Ctr, Fredericton, NB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 291-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802718 ER PT J AU Blackburn, MB Martin, PAW Kuhar, D Farrar, RR Gundersen-Rindal, DE AF Blackburn, Michael B. Martin, Phyllis A. W. Kuhar, Daniel Farrar, Robert R., Jr. Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E. TI The Occurrence of Photorhabdus-Like Toxin Complexes in Bacillus thuringiensis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; INSECTICIDAL TOXINS; LUMINESCENS; BACTERIA; SEQUENCE; GENES; AGENT; SOIL AB Recently, genomic sequencing of a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolate from our collection revealed the presence of an apparent operon encoding an insecticidal toxin complex (Tca) similar to that first described from the entomopathogen Photorhabdus luminescens. To determine whether these genes are widespread among Bt strains, we screened isolates from the collection for the presence of tccC, one of the genes needed for the expression of fully functional toxin complexes. Among 81 isolates chosen to represent commonly encountered biochemical phenotypes, 17 were found to possess a tccC. Phylogenetic analysis of the 81 isolates by multilocus sequence typing revealed that all the isolates possessing a tccC gene were restricted to two sequence types related to Bt varieties morrisoni, tenebrionis, israelensis and toumanoffi. Sequencing of the similar to 17 kb tca operon from two isolates representing each of the two sequence types revealed >99% sequence identity. Optical mapping of DNA from Bt isolates representing each of the sequence types revealed nearly identical plasmids of ca. 333 and 338 kbp, respectively. Selected isolates were found to be toxic to gypsy moth larvae, but were not as effective as a commercial strain of Bt kurstaki. Some isolates were found to inhibit growth of Colorado potato beetle. Custom Taqman (R) relative quantitative real-time PCR assays for Tc-encoding Bt revealed both tcaA and tcaB genes were expressed within infected gypsy moth larvae. C1 [Blackburn, Michael B.; Martin, Phyllis A. W.; Kuhar, Daniel; Farrar, Robert R., Jr.; Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E.] Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Blackburn, MB (reprint author), Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM mike.blackburn@ars.usda.gov RI huang, tiffany/F-9764-2012 FU Agricultural Research Service of the USDA FX The research was fully funded by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 25 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e18122 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0018122 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 740SE UT WOS:000288813900041 PM 21464948 ER PT J AU Xu, JH Linning, R Fellers, J Dickinson, M Zhu, WH Antonov, I Joly, DL Donaldson, ME Eilam, T Anikster, Y Banks, T Munro, S Mayo, M Wynhoven, B Ali, J Moore, R McCallum, B Borodovsky, M Saville, B Bakkeren, G AF Xu, Junhuan Linning, Rob Fellers, John Dickinson, Matthew Zhu, Wenhan Antonov, Ivan Joly, David L. Donaldson, Michael E. Eilam, Tamar Anikster, Yehoshua Banks, Travis Munro, Sarah Mayo, Michael Wynhoven, Brian Ali, Johar Moore, Richard McCallum, Brent Borodovsky, Mark Saville, Barry Bakkeren, Guus TI Gene discovery in EST sequences from the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina sexual spores, asexual spores and haustoria, compared to other rust and corn smut fungi SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; SECRETED PROTEINS; UROMYCES-FABAE; EXPRESSION; TAGS; VIRULENCE; LIBRARY; MARKERS; HYPHAE AB Background: Rust fungi are biotrophic basidiomycete plant pathogens that cause major diseases on plants and trees world-wide, affecting agriculture and forestry. Their biotrophic nature precludes many established molecular genetic manipulations and lines of research. The generation of genomic resources for these microbes is leading to novel insights into biology such as interactions with the hosts and guiding directions for breakthrough research in plant pathology. Results: To support gene discovery and gene model verification in the genome of the wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina (Pt), we have generated Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) by sampling several life cycle stages. We focused on several spore stages and isolated haustorial structures from infected wheat, generating 17,684 ESTs. We produced sequences from both the sexual (pycniospores, aeciospores and teliospores) and asexual (germinated urediniospores) stages of the life cycle. From pycniospores and aeciospores, produced by infecting the alternate host, meadow rue (Thalictrum speciosissimum), 4,869 and 1,292 reads were generated, respectively. We generated 3,703 ESTs from teliospores produced on the senescent primary wheat host. Finally, we generated 6,817 reads from haustoria isolated from infected wheat as well as 1,003 sequences from germinated urediniospores. Along with 25,558 previously generated ESTs, we compiled a database of 13,328 non-redundant sequences (4,506 singlets and 8,822 contigs). Fungal genes were predicted using the EST version of the self-training GeneMarkS algorithm. To refine the EST database, we compared EST sequences by BLASTN to a set of 454 pyrosequencing-generated contigs and Sanger BAC-end sequences derived both from the Pt genome, and to ESTs and genome reads from wheat. A collection of 6,308 fungal genes was identified and compared to sequences of the cereal rusts, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) and stripe rust, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), and poplar leaf rust Melampsora species, and the corn smut fungus, Ustilago maydis (Um). While extensive homologies were found, many genes appeared novel and species-specific; over 40% of genes did not match any known sequence in existing databases. Focusing on spore stages, direct comparison to Um identified potential functional homologs, possibly allowing heterologous functional analysis in that model fungus. Many potentially secreted protein genes were identified by similarity searches against genes and proteins of Pgt and Melampsora spp., revealing apparent orthologs. Conclusions: The current set of Pt unigenes contributes to gene discovery in this major cereal pathogen and will be invaluable for gene model verification in the genome sequence. C1 [Xu, Junhuan; Linning, Rob; Joly, David L.; Bakkeren, Guus] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. [Fellers, John] USDA ARS HWWGRU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Loughborough, Leics, England. [Zhu, Wenhan; Antonov, Ivan; Borodovsky, Mark] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biomed Engn & Computat Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Zhu, Wenhan; Antonov, Ivan; Borodovsky, Mark] Georgia Inst Technol, Div Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Donaldson, Michael E.] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Eilam, Tamar; Anikster, Yehoshua] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Banks, Travis; McCallum, Brent] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Munro, Sarah; Mayo, Michael; Wynhoven, Brian; Ali, Johar; Moore, Richard] Michael Smith Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. [Saville, Barry] Trent Univ, Forens Sci Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Xu, Junhuan] USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Bakkeren, G (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. EM Guus.Bakkeren@agr.gc.ca RI Joly, David/B-4612-2012; OI Joly, David/0000-0001-8411-5558; Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0002-7614-2609; Bakkeren, Guus/0000-0002-3065-6989 FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [STPGP 270337-2003]; Agriculture & Agri Food Canada 'Canadian Crop Genomics Initiative'; USDA-ARS-CRIS [5430-21000-006-00D]; Helen Meakin; NSF/USDA [2008-35600-04693] FX This work was supported by a Strategic Grant from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada to BS and GB (Grant No. STPGP 270337-2003) and by funding from the Agriculture & Agri Food Canada 'Canadian Crop Genomics Initiative', the USDA-ARS-CRIS (# 5430-21000-006-00D to JF). The research of MD was supported by a BBSRC-CASE studentship with Syngenta UK, which funded Helen Meakin, whose contribution is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Dr. Li Huang for her assistance in the construction of a haustorial library used in this work. The authors also greatly acknowledge the funding from NSF/USDA grant 2008-35600-04693 to support the work done at the Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, in generating the initial P. triticina genome reads (C. Cuomo, L. Szabo, J. Fellers and G. Bakkeren). NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 161 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-161 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 748UY UT WOS:000289419400001 PM 21435244 ER PT J AU Gauger, PC Vincent, AL Loving, CL Lager, KM Janke, BH Kehrli, ME Roth, JA AF Gauger, Phillip C. Vincent, Amy L. Loving, Crystal L. Lager, Kelly M. Janke, Bruce H. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Roth, James A. TI Enhanced pneumonia and disease in pigs vaccinated with an inactivated human-like (delta-cluster) H1N2 vaccine and challenged with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Swine influenza virus; Enhanced pneumonia; Pandemic H1N1 ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; A VIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SWINE; INFECTION; PROTECTION; SUBTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; CANADA AB Influenza is an economically important respiratory disease affecting swine world-wide with potential zoonotic implications. Genetic reassortment and drift has resulted in genetically and antigenically distinct swine influenza viruses (SIVs). Consequently, prevention of Sly infection is challenging due to the increased rate of genetic change and a potential lack of cross-protection between vaccine strains and circulating novel isolates. This report describes a vaccine-heterologous challenge model in which pigs were administered an inactivated H1N2 vaccine with a human-like (delta-cluster) H1 six and three weeks before challenge with H1 homosubtypic, heterologous 2009 pandemic H1N1. At necropsy, macroscopic and microscopic pneumonia scores were significantly higher in the vaccinated and challenged (Vx/Ch) group compared to non-vaccinated and challenged ( NVx/Ch) pigs. The Vx/Ch group also demonstrated enhanced clinical disease and a significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared to the NVx/Ch group. In contrast, viral shedding and replication were significantly higher in NVx/Ch pigs although all challenged pigs, including Vx/Ch pigs, were shedding virus in nasal secretions. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies were detected to the priming antigen in the Vx/Ch pigs but no measurable cross-reacting HI or SN antibodies were detected to pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1). Overall, these results suggest that inactivated Sly vaccines may potentiate clinical signs, inflammation and pneumonia following challenge with divergent homosubtypic viruses that do not share cross-reacting HI or SN antibodies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gauger, Phillip C.; Vincent, Amy L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Lager, Kelly M.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] ARS, Virus & Pr Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Gauger, Phillip C.; Janke, Bruce H.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Pr Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X FU USDA-ARS FX The authors thank Michelle Harland and Hillary Horst for technical assistance and Brian Pottebaum, Jason Huegel, and Jason Crabtree for assistance with animal studies. Critical review of the manuscript by Dr. Greg Stevenson and assistance with microbiologic screening from Dr. Susan Brockmeier is appreciated. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. Funding was provided by USDA-ARS. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 15 BP 2712 EP 2719 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.082 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 745CE UT WOS:000289140700010 PM 21310191 ER PT J AU Poletto, R Cheng, HW Meisel, RL Richert, BT Marchant-Forde, JN AF Poletto, Rosangela Cheng, Heng-Wei Meisel, Robert L. Richert, Brian T. Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N. TI Gene expression of serotonin and dopamine receptors and monoamine oxidase-A in the brain of dominant and subordinate pubertal domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) fed a beta-adrenoreceptor agonist SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pigs; Aggression; Brain; Serotonin; Dopamine; Q-RT-PCR ID AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; 5-HT1B RECEPTOR; FINISHING PIGS; TRAIT AGGRESSION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; DRY-SOWS; IN-VIVO; RT-PCR; RACTOPAMINE; SYSTEMS AB Aggression is a major source of social stress with negative effects on health and well-being, yet limited information is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating aggressive behavior in swine. Ractopamine (RAC) is a p-adrenoreceptor agonist that enhances growth but increases aggressive behaviors in female pigs. Thus, the effects of RAC, sex, and social rank on the mRNA abundance of genes encoding serotonin and dopamine receptors, and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A in brains of sub-adult pigs were evaluated. Top dominant and bottom subordinate pigs (16/sex) in pens of 4 pigs were determined, and fed either the control or RAC diets. At day 31, their raphe nuclei (RN), amygdala (AMY), frontal cortex (FC), and hypothalamus (HYP) were dissected; relative mRNA abundance for 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(2A). 5-HT(2B), and D(1) receptors, and MAO-A was determined by Q-RT-PCR and data subjected to multivariate linear mixed model analysis and Tukey post-hoc test. Expression of 5-HT(1B) and MAO-A was suppressed in the AMY of female pigs; 5-HT(2B) expression was also suppressed in the RN, FC and HYP of females and RN of dominant pigs (P<0.05). Expression of 5-HT(2A) was more up-regulated in RN of females compared to males (P<0.05). Expression of D(1) varied in RN and FC mostly as a function of RAC feeding and its interaction with sex and social rank (P<0.05). While RAC feeding is related to changes in expression of the D(1) receptor mRNA, suppression in expression of serotonergic genes detected in the brain of pigs, especially in females independent of social rank, may be mediating the inter-individual offensive aggression. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Poletto, Rosangela; Cheng, Heng-Wei; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Poletto, Rosangela; Richert, Brian T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Meisel, Robert L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Jeremy.Marchant-Forde@ars.usda.gov RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 1381 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.035 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 741EF UT WOS:000288845200002 PM 21094150 ER PT J AU Ismail, Y McCormick, S Hijri, M AF Ismail, Youssef McCormick, Susan Hijri, Mohamed TI A Fungal Symbiont of Plant-Roots Modulates Mycotoxin Gene Expression in the Pathogen Fusarium sambucinum SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; HEAD BLIGHT; TRICHOTHECENE 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; GRAMINEARUM; VOLATILES; GROWTH; TRI101 AB Fusarium trichothecenes are fungal toxins that cause disease on infected plants and, more importantly, health problems for humans and animals that consume infected fruits or vegetables. Unfortunately, there are few methods for controlling mycotoxin production by fungal pathogens. In this study, we isolated and characterized sixteen Fusarium strains from naturally infected potato plants in the field. Pathogenicity tests were carried out in the greenhouse to evaluate the virulence of the strains on potato plants as well as their trichothecene production capacity, and the most aggressive strain was selected for further studies. This strain, identified as F. sambucinum, was used to determine if trichothecene gene expression was affected by the symbiotic Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus irregulare. AMF form symbioses with plant roots, in particular by improving their mineral nutrient uptake and protecting plants against soil-borne pathogens. We found that that G. irregulare significantly inhibits F. sambucinum growth. We also found, using RT-PCR assays to assess the relative expression of trichothecene genes, that in the presence of the AMF G. irregulare, F. sambucinum genes TRI5 and TRI6 were up-regulated, while TRI4, TRI13 and TRI101 were down-regulated. We conclude that AMF can modulate mycotoxin gene expression by a plant fungal pathogen. This previously undescribed effect may be an important mechanism for biological control and has fascinating implications for advancing our knowledge of plant-microbe interactions and controlling plant pathogens. C1 [Ismail, Youssef; Hijri, Mohamed] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Inst Rech Biol Vegetale, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Ismail, Youssef] Desert Res Ctr, Dept Plant Protect, Plant Pathol Unit, Cairo, Egypt. [McCormick, Susan] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Ismail, Y (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Inst Rech Biol Vegetale, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM Mohamed.Hijri@umontreal.ca OI Hijri, Mohamed/0000-0001-6112-8372 FU NSERC; Ministry of Higher Education of Egypt FX This research is supported by an NSERC Discovery grant to MH. YI received a grant and scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education of Egypt. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17990 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017990 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 740RG UT WOS:000288811500017 PM 21455305 ER PT J AU Abbot, P Abe, J Alcock, J Alizon, S Alpedrinha, JAC Andersson, M Andre, JB van Baalen, M Balloux, F Balshine, S Barton, N Beukeboom, LW Biernaskie, JM Bilde, T Borgia, G Breed, M Brown, S Bshary, R Buckling, A Burley, NT Burton-Chellew, MN Cant, MA Chapuisat, M Charnov, EL Clutton-Brock, T Cockburn, A Cole, BJ Colegrave, N Cosmides, L Couzin, ID Coyne, JA Creel, S Crespi, B Curry, RL Dall, SRX Day, T Dickinson, JL Dugatkin, LA El Mouden, C Emlen, ST Evans, J Ferriere, R Field, J Foitzik, S Foster, K Foster, WA Fox, CW Gadau, J Gandon, S Gardner, A Gardner, MG Getty, T Goodisman, MAD Grafen, A Grosberg, R Grozinger, CM Gouyon, PH Gwynne, D Harvey, PH Hatchwell, BJ Heinze, J Helantera, H Helms, KR Hill, K Jiricny, N Johnstone, RA Kacelnik, A Kiers, ET Kokko, H Komdeur, J Korb, J Kronauer, D Kummerli, R Lehmann, L Linksvayer, TA Lion, S Lyon, B Marshall, JAR McElreath, R Michalakis, Y Michod, RE Mock, D Monnin, T Montgomerie, R Moore, AJ Mueller, UG Noe, R Okasha, S Pamilo, P Parker, GA Pedersen, JS Pen, I Pfennig, D Queller, DC Rankin, DJ Reece, SE Reeve, HK Reuter, M Roberts, G Robson, SKA Roze, D Rousset, F Rueppell, O Sachs, JL Santorelli, L Schmid-Hempel, P Schwarz, MP Scott-Phillips, T Shellmann-Sherman, J Sherman, PW Shuker, DM Smith, J Spagna, JC Strassmann, B Suarez, AV Sundstrom, L Taborsky, M Taylor, P Thompson, G Tooby, J Tsutsui, ND Tsuji, K Turillazzi, S Ubeda, F Vargo, EL Voelkl, B Wenseleers, T West, SA West-Eberhard, MJ Westneat, DF Wiernasz, DC Wild, G Wrangham, R Young, AJ Zeh, DW Zeh, JA Zink, A AF Abbot, Patrick Abe, Jun Alcock, John Alizon, Samuel Alpedrinha, Joao A. C. Andersson, Malte Andre, Jean-Baptiste van Baalen, Minus Balloux, Francois Balshine, Sigal Barton, Nick Beukeboom, Leo W. Biernaskie, Jay M. Bilde, Trine Borgia, Gerald Breed, Michael Brown, Sam Bshary, Redouan Buckling, Angus Burley, Nancy T. Burton-Chellew, Max N. Cant, Michael A. Chapuisat, Michel Charnov, Eric L. Clutton-Brock, Tim Cockburn, Andrew Cole, Blaine J. Colegrave, Nick Cosmides, Leda Couzin, Iain D. Coyne, Jerry A. Creel, Scott Crespi, Bernard Curry, Robert L. Dall, Sasha R. X. Day, Troy Dickinson, Janis L. Dugatkin, Lee Alan El Mouden, Claire Emlen, Stephen T. Evans, Jay Ferriere, Regis Field, Jeremy Foitzik, Susanne Foster, Kevin Foster, William A. Fox, Charles W. Gadau, Juergen Gandon, Sylvain Gardner, Andy Gardner, Michael G. Getty, Thomas Goodisman, Michael A. D. Grafen, Alan Grosberg, Rick Grozinger, Christina M. Gouyon, Pierre-Henri Gwynne, Darryl Harvey, Paul H. Hatchwell, Ben J. Heinze, Juergen Helantera, Heikki Helms, Ken R. Hill, Kim Jiricny, Natalie Johnstone, Rufus A. Kacelnik, Alex Kiers, E. Toby Kokko, Hanna Komdeur, Jan Korb, Judith Kronauer, Daniel Kuemmerli, Rolf Lehmann, Laurent Linksvayer, Timothy A. Lion, Sebastien Lyon, Bruce Marshall, James A. R. McElreath, Richard Michalakis, Yannis Michod, Richard E. Mock, Douglas Monnin, Thibaud Montgomerie, Robert Moore, Allen J. Mueller, Ulrich G. Noe, Ronald Okasha, Samir Pamilo, Pekka Parker, Geoff A. Pedersen, Jes S. Pen, Ido Pfennig, David Queller, David C. Rankin, Daniel J. Reece, Sarah E. Reeve, Hudson K. Reuter, Max Roberts, Gilbert Robson, Simon K. A. Roze, Denis Rousset, Francois Rueppell, Olav Sachs, Joel L. Santorelli, Lorenzo Schmid-Hempel, Paul Schwarz, Michael P. Scott-Phillips, Tom Shellmann-Sherman, Janet Sherman, Paul W. Shuker, David M. Smith, Jeff Spagna, Joseph C. Strassmann, Beverly Suarez, Andrew V. Sundstrom, Liselotte Taborsky, Michael Taylor, Peter Thompson, Graham Tooby, John Tsutsui, Neil D. Tsuji, Kazuki Turillazzi, Stefano Ubeda, Francisco Vargo, Edward L. Voelkl, Bernard Wenseleers, Tom West, Stuart A. West-Eberhard, Mary Jane Westneat, David F. Wiernasz, Diane C. Wild, Geoff Wrangham, Richard Young, Andrew J. Zeh, David W. Zeh, Jeanne A. Zink, Andrew TI Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID KIN SELECTION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOUR; MODEL C1 [Abbot, Patrick] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Abe, Jun] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Agr, Appl Entomol Lab, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. [Alcock, John] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Alizon, Samuel; Michalakis, Yannis] IRD, UMR CNRS IRD 2724, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Alpedrinha, Joao A. C.; Biernaskie, Jay M.; Brown, Sam; Buckling, Angus; Burton-Chellew, Max N.; El Mouden, Claire; Foster, Kevin; Gardner, Andy; Grafen, Alan; Harvey, Paul H.; Jiricny, Natalie; Kacelnik, Alex; West, Stuart A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Andersson, Malte] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Andre, Jean-Baptiste; van Baalen, Minus; Monnin, Thibaud] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7625, Ecole Normale Super, F-75005 Paris, France. [Balloux, Francois] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, London W2 1PG, England. [Balshine, Sigal] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Barton, Nick] IST Austria, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria. [Beukeboom, Leo W.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. [Bilde, Trine] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Borgia, Gerald] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Breed, Michael] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bshary, Redouan; Lehmann, Laurent] Fac Sci, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Burley, Nancy T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Cant, Michael A.; Dall, Sasha R. X.; Moore, Allen J.; Young, Andrew J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Tremough TR10 9EZ, Penryn, England. [Chapuisat, Michel] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Charnov, Eric L.] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Clutton-Brock, Tim; Foster, William A.; Johnstone, Rufus A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Cockburn, Andrew; Kokko, Hanna] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Cole, Blaine J.; Wiernasz, Diane C.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Colegrave, Nick; Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolut, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Colegrave, Nick; Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Immunol & Infect Res, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cosmides, Leda] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Couzin, Iain D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Coyne, Jerry A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Crespi, Bernard] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biosci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Curry, Robert L.] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Day, Troy; Taylor, Peter] Queens Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Dickinson, Janis L.] Cornell Univ, Johnson Ctr, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Dugatkin, Lee Alan] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Emlen, Stephen T.; Shellmann-Sherman, Janet; Sherman, Paul W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Evans, Jay] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ferriere, Regis] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UMR 7625, Lab Ecol & Evolut, F-75005 Paris, France. [Ferriere, Regis] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Field, Jeremy] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. [Foitzik, Susanne] Univ Munich, Dept Biol Behav Ecol Verhaltensokol 2, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. [Fox, Charles W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Gadau, Juergen] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gandon, Sylvain] CEFE UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Gardner, Michael G.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Getty, Thomas] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Getty, Thomas] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Goodisman, Michael A. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Goodisman, Michael A. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Grosberg, Rick] Univ Calif Davis, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grozinger, Christina M.] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, Ctr Pollinator Res, Chem Ecol Lab 4A, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gouyon, Pierre-Henri] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75005 Paris, France. [Gwynne, Darryl] Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Hatchwell, Ben J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Heinze, Juergen] Univ Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. [Helantera, Heikki; Sundstrom, Liselotte] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Helms, Ken R.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Hill, Kim] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kiers, E. Toby] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Inst Ecol Sci, Dept Anim Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Komdeur, Jan] Univ Groningen, Ctr Evolutionary & Ecol Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. [Korb, Judith] Univ Osnabruck, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany. [Kronauer, Daniel] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kuemmerli, Rolf] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Res & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Linksvayer, Timothy A.; Pedersen, Jes S.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Social Evolut, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Lion, Sebastien] Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Lyon, Bruce] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marshall, James A. R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Comp Sci, Sheffield S1 4DP, S Yorkshire, England. [McElreath, Richard] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McElreath, Richard] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Michod, Richard E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mock, Douglas] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Montgomerie, Robert] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Mueller, Ulrich G.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Noe, Ronald] Psychol Univ Strasbourg, Ethol Primates DEPE IPHC CNRS UMR 7178, F-67087 Strasbourg, France. [Okasha, Samir] Univ Bristol, Dept Philosophy, Bristol BS8 1TB, Avon, England. [Pamilo, Pekka] Univ Helsinki, Bioctr Oulu, Helsinki 00140, Finland. [Pamilo, Pekka] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Helsinki 00140, Finland. [Parker, Geoff A.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. [Pen, Ido] Univ Groningen, Theoret Biol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. [Pfennig, David] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Queller, David C.; Smith, Jeff] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Rankin, Daniel J.] Univ Zurich, Dept Biochem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Rankin, Daniel J.] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Reuter, Max] UCL, Fac Life Sci, Res Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, London NW1 2HE, England. [Roberts, Gilbert] Newcastle Univ, Fac Med Sci, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Robson, Simon K. A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Roze, Denis] CNRS UPMC UMR 7144, Stn Biol Roscoff, F-29680 Roscoff, France. [Rousset, Francois] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Rueppell, Olav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. [Sachs, Joel L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Schmid-Hempel, Paul] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol IBZ, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Scott-Phillips, Tom] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, Midlothian, Scotland. [Shuker, David M.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland. [Spagna, Joseph C.] William Paterson Univ New Jersey, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. [Strassmann, Beverly] Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Suarez, Andrew V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Suarez, Andrew V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Taborsky, Michael] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland. [Thompson, Graham] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Tooby, John] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Tsutsui, Neil D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tsuji, Kazuki] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Agr, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Turillazzi, Stefano] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biol Evoluzionist, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Ubeda, Francisco] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Vargo, Edward L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Voelkl, Bernard] Humboldt Univ, Inst Theoret Biol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Wenseleers, Tom] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Zool, Dept Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [West-Eberhard, Mary Jane] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Westneat, David F.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Wild, Geoff] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Appl Math, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Wrangham, Richard] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zeh, David W.; Zeh, Jeanne A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Zeh, David W.; Zeh, Jeanne A.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Zink, Andrew] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Abbot, P (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM Stuart.West@zoo.ox.ac.uk RI Gardner, Andy/K-5353-2013; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Brown, Sam/B-5234-2009; Pedersen, Jes Soe/J-6337-2014; West, Stuart/M-3608-2014; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; Lion, Sebastien/K-4177-2015; Cockburn, Andrew/A-4864-2008; Taborsky, Michael/F-8420-2013; Hatchwell, Ben/C-5433-2016; Kummerli, Rolf/E-2844-2016; Wenseleers, Tom/J-3960-2013; Thompson, Graham/B-6508-2008; Lyon, Bruce/E-8491-2011; lehmann, laurent/B-6875-2012; Fox, Charles/I-5274-2012; Reuter, Max/B-8987-2008; Parker, Geoff/C-4337-2008; van Baalen, Minus/J-9285-2012; Monnin, Thibaud/J-9409-2012; Gouyon, Pierre-Henri/A-9603-2013; Beukeboom, Leo/D-1808-2012; Rankin, Daniel/E-4178-2013; Shuker, David/E-8827-2013; Bilde, Trine/J-2872-2013; Noe, Ronald/C-4482-2008; Balloux, Francois/D-4783-2009; Cant, Michael/B-1982-2009; Dall, Sasha/B-2642-2010; Reece, Sarah/C-9447-2009; Pamilo, Pekka/C-6907-2011; Kokko, Hanna/C-7861-2009; Helantera, Heikki/C-7568-2011; Robson, Simon/D-1168-2011; Rankin, Daniel/D-7075-2011; Sundstrom, Liselotte/G-5080-2010; Rueppell, Olav/G-2679-2010; Voelkl, Bernhard/D-1390-2009; Montgomerie, Robert/C-6516-2008; Tsuji, Kazuki/D-6607-2014; OI Gardner, Andy/0000-0002-1304-3734; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Brown, Sam/0000-0003-1892-9275; Pedersen, Jes Soe/0000-0002-4439-2638; West, Stuart/0000-0003-2152-3153; Lion, Sebastien/0000-0002-4081-0038; Taborsky, Michael/0000-0002-1357-4316; Hatchwell, Ben/0000-0002-1039-4782; Kummerli, Rolf/0000-0003-4084-6679; Wenseleers, Tom/0000-0002-1434-861X; Fox, Charles/0000-0002-7545-7967; Reuter, Max/0000-0001-9554-0795; Parker, Geoff/0000-0003-4795-6352; Monnin, Thibaud/0000-0003-3762-942X; Rankin, Daniel/0000-0001-7709-6926; Bilde, Trine/0000-0002-0341-161X; Noe, Ronald/0000-0003-1976-0555; Cant, Michael/0000-0002-1530-3077; Dall, Sasha/0000-0001-9873-6507; Helantera, Heikki/0000-0002-6468-5956; Robson, Simon/0000-0001-8870-1933; Rueppell, Olav/0000-0001-5370-4229; Voelkl, Bernhard/0000-0001-5454-2508; Montgomerie, Robert/0000-0003-4701-4525; Burton-Chellew, Maxwell/0000-0002-5330-0379; Alpedrinha, Joao/0000-0003-1036-1021; Couzin, Iain/0000-0001-8556-4558; Alizon, Samuel/0000-0002-0779-9543; Wild, Geoff/0000-0001-7821-7304; Tsuji, Kazuki/0000-0002-2027-8582; BREED, MICHAEL/0000-0002-4039-8354; Grafen, Alan/0000-0002-1843-6457; Westneat, David/0000-0001-5163-8096; Balloux, Francois/0000-0003-1978-7715; Marshall, James/0000-0002-1506-167X; Sundstrom, Liselotte Bjornsdotter/0000-0002-6176-8940 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/H022716/1] NR 16 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 53 U2 455 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 471 IS 7339 BP E1 EP E4 DI 10.1038/nature09831 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 739GJ UT WOS:000288702200001 PM 21430721 ER PT J AU Griffis, TJ Lee, X Baker, JM Billmark, K Schultz, N Erickson, M Zhang, X Fassbinder, J Xiao, W Hu, N AF Griffis, T. J. Lee, X. Baker, J. M. Billmark, K. Schultz, N. Erickson, M. Zhang, X. Fassbinder, J. Xiao, W. Hu, N. TI Oxygen isotope composition of evapotranspiration and its relation to C-4 photosynthetic discrimination SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY; GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-VAPOR; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BOREAL FOREST; RESPIRED CO2; LEAF WATER; TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION AB The oxygen isotope of water (O-18-H2O) and carbon dioxide (O-18-CO2) is an important signal of global change and can provide constraints on the coupled carbon-water cycle. Here, simultaneous observations of O-18-H2O (liquid and vapor phases) and O-18-CO2 were used to investigate the relation between canopy leaf water O-18 enrichment, O-18-CO2 photosynthetic discrimination ((18)Delta), isotope disequilibrium (D-eq), and the biophysical factors that control their temporal variability in a C-4 (Zea mays L.) ecosystem. Data and analyses are presented from a 74 day experiment conducted in Minnesota during summer 2009. Eddy covariance observations indicate that the oxygen isotope composition of C-4 evapotranspiration (delta(E)) ranged from about -20% (VSMOW scale) in the early morning to -5% after midday. These values were used to estimate the isotope composition at the sites of leaf water evaporation (delta(L,e)) assuming non-steady-state conditions and revealed a strong diurnal pattern ranging from about -5% in the early morning to +10% after midday. With the addition of net ecosystem CO2 exchange measurements and carbonic anhydrase (CA) assays, we derived canopy-scale (18)Delta. These estimates typically varied from 11.3 to 27.5% (VPDB scale) and were shown to vary significantly depending on the steady state or non-steady-state assumptions related to leaf water enrichment. We demonstrate that the impact of turbulence on kinetic fractionation and steady state assumptions result in larger estimates of (18)Delta and D-eq. Further, the results indicate that both leaf-scale and canopy-scale CO2 hydration efficiency may be substantially lower than that previously reported for laboratory conditions. These results may have important implications for interpreting variations in atmospheric O-18-CO2 and constraining regional carbon budgets based on the oxygen isotope tracer approach. C1 [Griffis, T. J.; Billmark, K.; Schultz, N.; Erickson, M.; Fassbinder, J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lee, X.; Zhang, X.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Baker, J. M.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Xiao, W.; Hu, N.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Appl Meteorol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Griffis, TJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM tgriffis@umn.edu RI Xiao, Wei/G-6586-2012; Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Zhang, Xin/K-8264-2016 OI Xiao, Wei/0000-0002-9199-2177; Zhang, Xin/0000-0003-1619-1537 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0546476, ATM-0914473, DEB-0514908]; Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64316]; College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences at the University of Minnesota FX We thank Jeremy Smith and Bill Breiter for their technical assistance in the lab and at the field site. Funding for this research has been provided by the National Science Foundation, ATM-0546476 (T. G.), ATM-0914473 (X. L.), DEB-0514908 (X. L. and T. G.), the Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-06ER64316 (T. G. and J.B.), and the College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences at the University of Minnesota. NR 67 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G01035 DI 10.1029/2010JG001514 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 741LP UT WOS:000288865500002 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Neson, RL AF Krishnan, Hari B. Neson, Randall L. TI Proteomic Analysis of High Protein Soybean (Glycine max) Accessions Demonstrates the Contribution of Novel Glycinin Subunits SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE High-protein soybean; glycinin; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry ID BETA-CONGLYCININ; STORAGE PROTEINS; SEEDS; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; SEQUENCE; GENES; LINES AB Limited biochemical information is available on soybean accessions that have seed protein content greater than 45% of the seed dry weight. SDS-PAGE analysis of seed proteins from nine soybean accessions revealed significantly higher amount of seed storage proteins in these accessions when compared with that of soybean cultivar Williams 82. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of seed proteins revealed significant differences among several seed storage protein components in these accessions. A total of 51 protein spots were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting (MALDI-TOF MS). The contribution of these proteins to the overall protein content of the accessions was quantified using Delta2D image analysis software. Results showed that among the majority of the nine accessions, the largest difference in higher protein quantity was within the seed 11S storage globulins. The high protein trait from PI407788A was successfully transferred to an experimental line, LG99-469, demonstrating that this trait was transferable and robust. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Neson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit,D, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2432 EP 2439 DI 10.1021/jf104330n PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 735GQ UT WOS:000288401800040 PM 21344854 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Wartelle, LH Klasson, KT Fortier, CA Lima, IM AF Uchimiya, Minori Wartelle, Lynda H. Klasson, K. Thomas Fortier, Chanel A. Lima, Isabel M. TI Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar Property and Function as a Heavy Metal Sorbent in Soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biochar; cottonseed hull; pyrolysis; heavy metal; soil ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK CARBON BIOCHAR; ACTIVATED CARBONS; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; BROILER MANURE; CHARCOAL; SORPTION; SUBSTANCES; SEDIMENTS AB While a large-scale soil amendment of biochars continues to receive interest for enhancing crop yields and to remediate contaminated sites, systematic study is lacking in how biochar properties translate into purported functions such as heavy metal sequestration. In this study, cottonseed hulls were pyrolyzed at five temperatures (200, 350, 500, 650, and 800 degrees C) and characterized for the yield, moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents, elemental composition (CHNSO), BET surface area, pH, pH(pzc), and by ATR-FTIR. The characterization results were compared with the literature values for additional source materials: grass, wood, pine needle, and broiler litter-derived biochars with and without post-treatments. At respective pyrolysis temperatures, cottonseed hull chars had ash content in between grass and wood chars, and significantly lower BET surface area in comparison to other plant source materials considered. The N:C ratio reached a maximum between 300 and 400 degrees C for all biomass sources considered, while the following trend in N:C ratio was maintained at each pyrolysis temperature: wood << cottonseed hull approximate to grass approximate to pine needle << broiler litter. To examine how biochar properties translate into its function as a heavy metal (Ni(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II)) sorbent, a soil amendment study was conducted for acidic sandy loam Norfolk soil previously shown to have low heavy metal retention capacity. The results suggest that the p:roperties attributable to the surface functional groups of biochars (volatile matter and oxygen contents and pH(pzc)) control the heavy metal sequestration ability in Norfolk soil, and biochar selection for soil amendment must be made case-by-case based on the biochar characteristics, soil property, and the target function. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Wartelle, Lynda H.; Klasson, K. Thomas; Fortier, Chanel A.; Lima, Isabel M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 44 TC 163 Z9 204 U1 61 U2 416 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2501 EP 2510 DI 10.1021/jf104206c PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 735GQ UT WOS:000288401800049 PM 21348519 ER PT J AU Zhang, XT Breksa, AP Mishchuk, DO Slupsky, CM AF Zhang, Xiaotian Breksa, Andrew P., III Mishchuk, Darya O. Slupsky, Carolyn M. TI Elevation, Rootstock, and Soil Depth Affect the Nutritional Quality of Mandarin Oranges SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; citrus; mandarin orange; Satsuma; Clementine; elevation; rootstock; soil depth; metabolomics ID CITRUS-FRUIT; SYNEPHRINE; SPECTROSCOPY; JUICE AB The effects of elevation, rootstock, and soil depth on the nutritional quality of mandarin oranges from 11 groves in California were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by quantifying 29 compounds and applying multivariate statistical data analysis. A comparison of the juice from oranges in groves with deeper soil and trifoliate rootstock versus those with shallow soil and C-35 rootstock revealed differences in the concentrations of 4-aminobutyrate, ethanol, phenylalanine, succinate, and isoleucine. A comparison of fruit from trees grown at higher versus lower elevation revealed that those at higher elevation had higher concentrations of amino acids, succinate, and 4-aminobutyrate and lower concentrations of sugars and limonin glucoside. Such differences indicate that rootstock, soil depth, and differences in elevation influence the fruit nutrient composition. This study highlights how metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analysis can illuminate the metabolic characteristics of citrus, thereby aiding in the determination of the grove identity and fruit quality during orange production. C1 [Slupsky, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhang, Xiaotian; Mishchuk, Darya O.; Slupsky, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Breksa, Andrew P., III] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Slupsky, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cslupsky@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2672 EP 2679 DI 10.1021/jf104335z PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 735GQ UT WOS:000288401800068 PM 21332232 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Luzio, GA Vasu, P Savary, BJ Williams, MAK AF Cameron, Randall G. Luzio, Gary A. Vasu, Prasanna Savary, Brett J. Williams, Martin A. K. TI Enzymatic Modification of a Model Homogalacturonan with the Thermally Tolerant Pectin Methylesterase from Citrus: 1. Nanostructural Characterization, Enzyme Mode of Action, and Effect of pH SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pectin; nanostructure; pectin methylesterase; thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase; degree of processivity; mode of action; endopolygalacturonase; EPG; polysaccharide; homogalacturonan ID ENDO-POLYGALACTURONASE-II; PLANT-CELL WALLS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; DE-ESTERIFICATION; ACID-HYDROLYSIS; LIME PECTINS; ORANGE PEEL; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; TEXTURE; VEGETABLES AB Methyl ester distribution in pectin homogalacturonan has a major influence on functionality. Enzymatic engineering of the pectin nanostructure for tailoring functionality can expand the role of pectin as a food-formulating agent and the use of in situ modification in prepared foods. We report on the mode of action of a unique citrus thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase (TT-PME) and the nanostructural modifications that it produces. The enzyme was used to produce a controlled demethylesterification series from a model homogalacturonan. Oligogalacturonides released from the resulting demethylesterified blocks introduced by TT-PME using a limited endopolygalacturonase digestion were separated and quantified by high-pressure anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled to an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD). The results were consistent with the predictions of a numerical simulation, which assumed a multiple-attack mechanism and a degree of processivity similar to 10, at both pH 4.5 and 7.5. The average demethylesterified block size (0.6-2.8 nm) and number of average-sized blocks per molecule (0.8-1.9) differed, depending upon pH of the enzyme treatment. The mode of action of this enzyme and consequent nanostructural modifications of pectin differ from a previously characterized citrus salt-independent pectin methylesterase (SI-PME). C1 [Cameron, Randall G.; Luzio, Gary A.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Vasu, Prasanna] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Savary, Brett J.] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr & Technol, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. [Williams, Martin A. K.] Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Williams, Martin A. K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Williams, Martin A. K.] Massey Univ, Riddett Inst, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM randall.cameron@ars.usda.gov FU CPKelco, Inc. [58-3K95-6-1136] FX This research was supported in part by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with CPKelco, Inc. (58-3K95-6-1136). NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2717 EP 2724 DI 10.1021/jf104845j PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 735GQ UT WOS:000288401800073 PM 21366294 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Anderson, Richard A. TI Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Regulates Tristetraprolin and Related Gene Expression in Mouse Adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE adipocytes; cinnamon polyphenol extract; gene expression; inflammation; tristetraprolin; vascular endothelial growth factor ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; CELLS; TTP; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORTER AB Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) has been widely used in spices, flavoring agents, and preservatives. Cinnamon polyphenol extract (CPE) may be important in the alleviation of chronic diseases, but the molecular evidence is not substantial. Tristetraprolin (TTP) family proteins have anti-inflammatory effects through the destabilization of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. TTP expression is reduced in fats of obese people with metabolic syndrome and brains of suicide victims. This study used quantitative real-time PCR to explore the effects of CPE on the regulation of TTP, VEGF, and related gene expression in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CPE (100 mu g/mL) increased TTP mRNA levels by up to 10-fold, and this stimulation was sustained over 16 h. The levels of VEGF mRNA., a putative target of TTP, were decreased 40-50% by CPE. It also affected the expression of other genes coding for ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L3 (TTP homologues), GM-CSF, COX2, IL6, APP, G-CSF, and PAI1. This study demonstrated that CPE rapidly induces TTP mRNA and reduces VEGF mRNA and affects the expression of a number of other genes in the cultured adipocytes. C1 [Cao, Heping] ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Heping.Cao@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service Human Nutrition Research [CRIS 1235-51520-037-00D]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research [CRIS 6435-41000-106-00D] FX This work was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Human Nutrition Research Program 107 through CRIS 1235-51520-037-00D and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program 306 through CRIS 6435-41000-106-00D. A preliminary report was presented at Experimental Biology 2010 in Anaheim, CA, April 24-28, 2010. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2739 EP 2744 DI 10.1021/jf103527x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 735GQ UT WOS:000288401800076 PM 21329350 ER PT J AU Dai, DJ Holder, D Raskin, L Xi, CW AF Dai, Dongjuan Holder, Diane Raskin, Lutgarde Xi, Chuanwu TI Separation of the bacterial species, Escherichia coli, from mixed-species microbial communities for transcriptome analysis SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STREPTOCOCCUS-GORDONII; SAMPLE PREPARATION; BIOFILM; SYSTEM AB Background: The study of bacterial species interactions in a mixed-species community can be facilitated by transcriptome analysis of one species in the community using cDNA microarray technology. However, current applications of microarrays are mostly limited to single species studies. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to separate one species, Escherichia coli as an example, from mixed-species communities for transcriptome analysis. Results: E. coli cells were separated from a dual-species (E. coli and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) community using immuno-magnetic separation (IMS). High recovery rates of E. coli were achieved. The purity of E. coli cells was as high as 95.0% separated from suspended mixtures consisting of 1.1 -71.3% E. coli, and as high as 96.0% separated from biofilms with 8.1% E. coli cells. Biofilms were pre-dispersed into single-cell suspensions. The reagent RNAlater (Ambion, Austin, TX) was used during biofilm dispersion and IMS to preserve the transcriptome of E. coli. A microarray study and quantitative PCR confirmed that very few E. coli genes (only about eight out of 4,289 ORFs) exhibited a significant change in expression during dispersion and separation, indicating that transcriptional profiles of E. coli were well preserved. Conclusions: A method based on immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) and application of RNAlater was developed to separate a bacterial species, E. coli as an example, from mixed-species communities while preserving its transcriptome. The method combined with cDNA microarray analysis should be very useful to study species interactions in mixed-species communities. C1 [Dai, Dongjuan; Holder, Diane; Xi, Chuanwu] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Holder, Diane; Raskin, Lutgarde] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Holder, Diane] USDA, APHIS, FADDL, Proficiency & Validat Serv Sect, Greenport, NY USA. RP Xi, CW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cxi@umich.edu FU US National Science Foundation [BES-0412618] FX This study was supported by the US National Science Foundation Biocomplexity GEN-EN Program (Grant No. BES-0412618). Plasmid pBPFmCherry was kindly provided by Dr. Wilbert Bitter (Leiden University, the Netherlands). NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD MAR 22 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 59 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-11-59 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 749KX UT WOS:000289466400001 PM 21418656 ER PT J AU Weisz, A Meuli, G Thakwalakwa, C Trehan, I Maleta, K Manary, M AF Weisz, Ariana Meuli, Gus Thakwalakwa, Chrissie Trehan, Indi Maleta, Kenneth Manary, Mark TI The duration of diarrhea and fever is associated with growth faltering in rural Malawian children aged 6-18 months SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; PREDICTORS; INFECTION; INFANTS AB Nutrition support programs that only focus upon better complementary feeding remain an insufficient means of limiting growth faltering in vulnerable populations of children. To determine if symptoms of acute infections correlate with the incidence of growth faltering in rural Malawian children, the associations between fever, diarrhea, and cough with anthropometric measures of stunting, wasting, and underweight were investigated. Data were analyzed from a trial where 209 children were provided with adequate complementary food and followed fortnightly from 6-18 months of age. Linear mixed model analysis was used to test for associations. Diarrheal disease was inversely associated with changes in height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), mid-upper arm circumference Z-score (MUACZ), and weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ). Fever was also inversely associated with changes in MUACZ and WAZ. These results suggest that initiatives to reduce febrile and diarrheal diseases are needed in conjunction with improved complementary feeding to limit growth faltering in rural Malawi. C1 [Weisz, Ariana; Meuli, Gus; Trehan, Indi; Manary, Mark] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Thakwalakwa, Chrissie; Trehan, Indi; Maleta, Kenneth; Manary, Mark] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre 3, Malawi. [Manary, Mark] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Manary, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, 1 Childrens Pl,Campus Box 8116, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM manary@kids.wustl.edu RI Trehan, Indi/K-7912-2013; OI Trehan, Indi/0000-0002-3364-6858; Maleta, Ken/0000-0002-2536-3938 FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001]; NIH [5-T32-HD-049338] FX This work was supported by cooperative agreement 58-6250-6001 from the USDA/Agricultural Research Service. Dr. Trehan is supported by NIH training grant 5-T32-HD-049338. The sponsors of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-10-25 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 742TB UT WOS:000288966300001 PM 21418600 ER PT J AU St John, FJ Hurlbert, JC Rice, JD Preston, JF Pozharski, E AF St John, Franz J. Hurlbert, Jason C. Rice, John D. Preston, James F. Pozharski, Edwin TI Ligand Bound Structures of a Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 30 Glucuronoxylan Xylanohydrolase SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glycosyl hydrolase family 30 xylanase; glycosyl hydrolase family 5 xylanase; Bacillus subtilis XynC; glucuronic acid ID ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PROTEIN-SEQUENCE; XYLANASE; PREDICTION; MODE; MECHANISMS; CATALYSIS; ENZYMES AB Xylanases of glycosyl hydrolase family 30 (GH30) have been shown to cleave beta-1,4 linkages of 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (MeGX(n)) as directed by the position along the xylan chain of an alpha-1,2-linked 4-O-methylglucuronate (MeGA) moiety. Complete hydrolysis of MeGX(n) by these enzymes results in singly substituted aldouronates having a 4-O-methylglucuronate moiety linked to a xylose penultimate from the reducing terminal xylose and some number of xylose residues toward the nonreducing terminus. This novel mode of action distinguishes GH30 xylanases from the more common xylanase families that cleave MeGX(n) in accessible regions. To help understand this unique biochemical function, we have determined the structure of XynC in its native and ligand-bound forms. XynC structure models derived from diffraction data of XynC crystal soaks with the simple sugar glucuronate (GA) and the tetrameric sugar 4-O-methyl-aldotetrauronate resulted in models containing GA and 4-O-methyl-aldotriuronate, respectively. Each is observed in two locations within XynC surface openings. Ligand coordination occurs within the XynC catalytic substrate binding cleft and on the structurally fused side beta-domain, demonstrating a substrate targeting role for this putative carbohydrate binding module. Structural data reveal that GA acts as a primary functional appendage for recognition and hydrolysis of the MeGX(n) polymer by the protein. This work compares the structure of XynC with a previously reported homologous enzyme, XynA, from Erwinia chrysanthemi and analyzes the ligand binding sites. Our results identify the molecular interactions that define the unique function of XynC and homologous GH30 enzymes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [St John, Franz J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [St John, Franz J.; Pozharski, Edwin] Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Pharm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hurlbert, Jason C.] Winthrop Univ, Dept Chem Phys & Geol, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. [Rice, John D.; Preston, James F.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP St John, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM fjstjohn@gmail.com RI St John, Franz/J-8970-2016; OI St John, Franz/0000-0003-3458-5628; Pozharski, Edwin/0000-0001-7012-5376 FU National Science Foundation EPSCoR [P20 RR-016461]; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources; Biomedical Technology Program; National Institute of General Medical Sciences FX We would like to thank the University of Maryland X-ray Crystallography Shared Service for crystallographic resources. J.C.H. is supported by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR under grant no. P20 RR-016461. Portions of this research were carried out at the SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 18 PY 2011 VL 407 IS 1 BP 92 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.01.010 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 739NT UT WOS:000288725500008 PM 21256135 ER PT J AU McQuate, GT AF McQuate, Grant T. TI Assessment of attractiveness of cassava as a roosting plant for the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, and the Oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bait spray; crop borders; Manihot esculenta; Ricinus communis; suppression ID TEPHRITIDAE POPULATIONS; PAPAYA ORCHARDS; FLIES DIPTERA; CORN AB Application of bait spray to crop borders is a standard approach for suppression of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations and may also be of value for suppression of oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis (Hendel) populations. Establishment of preferred roosting hosts as crop borders may help to improve suppression of both fruit fly species by providing sites for bait spray applications. In an area-wide B. cucurbitae suppression trial, the question was raised as to whether cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae), could be used as a B. cucurbitae roosting host. M. esculenta was of interest as a roosting host because, in contrast to many other identified preferred roosting hosts, it would also be a crop potentially increasing the productivity of the crop production system overall. As a short-lived and shrubby perennial, M. esculenta potentially constitutes a crop with more persistent roosting foliage than an annual crop such as corn, Zea mays L. (Cyperales: Poaceae), that has often been planted as a roosting host for B. cucurbitae control. Using protein-baited traps set amidst potted plants placed adjacent to a papaya Carica papaya L. (Violales: Caricaceae) orchard known to have established populations of B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, the effectiveness of M. esculenta as a roosting host was assessed by comparing its attractiveness to that of castor bean, Ricinus communis L (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), previously identified as one of the most attractive roosting hosts for B. cucurbitae, and to corn, a crop which has been planted as a roosting host for help in B. cucurbitae control. The results showed that use of M. esculenta as a roosting host is comparable to use of R. communis by both B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis. These results provide encouragement to incorporate M. esculenta on a farm as a trap crop (i.e. site for bait spray application). This has the advantage of having the trap crop be a crop on its own (as opposed to castor bean) and, among prospective crops that could be used as a trap crop, has foliage more persistent than an annual trap crop such as corn. C1 [McQuate, Grant T.] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP McQuate, GT (reprint author), ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM grant.mcquate@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAR 18 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 30 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 736YM UT WOS:000288530900001 PM 21526935 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE Hackett, KJ Purcell-Miramontes, M Brown, SJ Evans, JD Goldsmith, MR Lawson, D Okamuro, J Robertson, HM Schneider, DJ AF Robinson, Gene E. Hackett, Kevin J. Purcell-Miramontes, Mary Brown, Susan J. Evans, Jay D. Goldsmith, Marian R. Lawson, Daniel Okamuro, Jack Robertson, Hugh M. Schneider, David J. TI Creating a Buzz About Insect Genomes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Robinson, Gene E.; Robertson, Hugh M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hackett, Kevin J.; Evans, Jay D.; Okamuro, Jack] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Purcell-Miramontes, Mary] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Brown, Susan J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Brown, Susan J.; Lawson, Daniel] Arthropod Genom Consortium, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Brown, Susan J.; Lawson, Daniel] European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Goldsmith, Marian R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Schneider, David J.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM generobi@illinois.edu RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD029594] NR 7 TC 80 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 18 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6023 BP 1386 EP 1386 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 736OM UT WOS:000288504000017 PM 21415334 ER PT J AU Li, RW Li, CJ Gasbarre, LC AF Li, Robert W. Li, Congjun Gasbarre, Louis C. TI The vitamin D receptor and inducible nitric oxide synthase associated pathways in acquired resistance to Cooperia oncophora infection in cattle SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS; BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; HOST RESPONDER TYPES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CALVES; EXPRESSION; NORMALIZATION; ESTABLISHMENT AB Cooperia oncophora is an economically important gastrointestinal nematode in ruminants. Acquired resistance to Cooperia oncophora infection in cattle develops rapidly as a result of prior infections. Naive cattle, when given a primary infection of high-dose infective L3 larvae, develop a strong immunity to subsequent reinfection. Compared to primary infection, reinfection resulted in a marked reduction in worm establishment. In order to understand molecular mechanisms underlying the development of acquired resistance, we characterized the transcriptomic responses of the bovine small intestine to a primary infection and reinfection. A total of 23 pathways were significantly impacted during infection. The vitamin D receptor activation was strongly induced only during reinfection, suggesting that this pathway may play an important role in the development of acquired resistance via its potential roles in immune regulation and intestinal mucosal integrity maintenance. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) was strongly induced during reinfection but not during primary infection. As a result, several canonical pathways associated with NOS2 were impacted. The genes involved in eicosanoid synthesis, including prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2 or COX2), remained largely unchanged during infection. The rapid development of acquired resistance may help explain the lack of relative pathogenicity by Cooperia oncophora infection in cattle. Our findings facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of acquired resistance, which could have an important implication in vaccine design. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Li, Congjun; Gasbarre, Louis C.] ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 42 AR 48 DI 10.1186/1297-9716-42-48 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 764VN UT WOS:000290662600001 PM 21414188 ER PT J AU Lucero, ME Unc, A Cooke, P Dowd, S Sun, SL AF Lucero, Mary E. Unc, Adrian Cooke, Peter Dowd, Scot Sun, Shulei TI Endophyte Microbiome Diversity in Micropropagated Atriplex canescens and Atriplex torreyi var griffithsii SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BOUTELOUA-ERIOPODA TORR.; DARK SEPTATE FUNGI; ENHANCED SPECIFICITY; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; FOURWING SALTBUSH; TISSUE CULTURES; TALL FESCUE; PURSH NUTT; PLANT; GROWTH AB Microbial diversity associated with micropropagated Atriplex species was assessed using microscopy, isolate culturing, and sequencing. Light, electron, and confocal microscopy revealed microbial cells in aseptically regenerated leaves and roots. Clone libraries and tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (TEFAP) analysis amplified sequences from callus homologous to diverse fungal and bacterial taxa. Culturing isolated some seed borne endophyte taxa which could be readily propagated apart from the host. Microbial cells were observed within biofilm-like residues associated with plant cell surfaces and intercellular spaces. Various universal primers amplified both plant and microbial sequences, with different primers revealing different patterns of fungal diversity. Bacterial and fungal TEFAP followed by alignment with sequences from curated databases revealed 7 bacterial and 17 ascomycete taxa in A. canescens, and 5 bacterial taxa in A. torreyi. Additional diversity was observed among isolates and clone libraries. Micropropagated Atriplex retains a complex, intimately associated microbiome which includes diverse strains well poised to interact in manners that influence host physiology. Microbiome analysis was facilitated by high throughput sequencing methods, but primer biases continue to limit recovery of diverse sequences from even moderately complex communities. C1 [Lucero, Mary E.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Cooke, Peter] New Mexico State Univ, Electron Microscopy Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Dowd, Scot] Res & Testing Labs LLC, Lubbock, TX USA. [Sun, Shulei] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lucero, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. EM malucero@nmsu.edu RI Unc, Adrian/F-1382-2010; OI Unc, Adrian/0000-0002-7265-9758 FU USDA-ARS [6235-11210-005-00]; New Mexico State Office of the Bureau of Land Management [6235-11210-006-56]; International Arid Lands Consortium (IALC) [09R-05] FX This work was funded by USDA-ARS National Program 215, Projects 6235-11210-005-00, summarized at http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=406494. Funding was also received from a cooperative agreement with the New Mexico State Office of the Bureau of Land Management (project 6235-11210-006-56), summarized at http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=412128. Research was also funded by the International Arid Lands Consortium (IALC) Project 09R-05, summarized at http://alic.arid.arizona.edu/ialc/ialc4.asp?proj=09R-05, through a competitive grant process. These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Scot Dowd directs a commercial sequencing facility, and received payment (from Lucero, using funds from USDA-ARS National Program 215, Projects 6235-11210-005-00 and 6235-11210-006-56) for samples processed at the facility. The payment was based on the number of samples processed, and did not depend on successful endophyte detection. Lucero and Dowd worked together to identify some of the primers that were used to sequence some of the endophytes. Others were sequenced using standard proprietary primers from Research and Testing Labs. NR 76 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17693 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017693 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 736SO UT WOS:000288514600006 PM 21437280 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN Biswas, A AF Cheng, H. N. Biswas, Atanu TI Chemical modification of cotton-based natural materials: Products from carboxymethylation SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Burr; Hull; Cotton; Carboxymethyl derivatives; Cellulose; Hemicellulose; Xylan ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; FRACTIONAL ISOLATION; FIBROUS FEEDS; NMR ANALYSIS; CELLULOSE; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE; SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNIN; FIBER AB The processing of cotton generates a number of byproducts, two of which are cotton burr and cottonseed hull. A proximate analysis indicates that they contain about 30-32% cellulose, 17-19% lignin and lesser amounts of protein and oil. They differ in level of hemicellulose with burr containing similar to 6% and hull containing similar to 20%. Both materials can swell in aqueous NaOH-isopropanol solutions in which state they become susceptible to reaction with monochloroacetic acid. The products of this reaction consist of a water-soluble fraction (observed weight yields ranging from 28% to 55%) and a water-insoluble residue. The water-soluble fractions produce clear films that dissolve slowly in water with viscosities that are somewhat lower than for carboxymethyl products generated from purified cellulose. The products were characterized by NMR and IR and were found to consist mostly of carboxymethyl derivatives of cellulose and hemicellulose. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cheng, H. N.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E,Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1004 EP 1010 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.059 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 732ZV UT WOS:000288231100021 ER PT J AU Tuo, WB Zhao, Y Zhu, DM Jenkins, MC AF Tuo, Wenbin Zhao, Yan Zhu, Daming Jenkins, Mark C. TI Immunization of female BALB/c mice with Neospora cyclophilin and/or NcSRS2 elicits specific antibody response and prevents against challenge infection by Neospora caninum SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; NcCyP; Cyclophilin; Vaccine; Neosporosis ID RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; REDUCED CEREBRAL INFECTION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SURFACE PROTEIN; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; C57BL/6 MICE; PREGNANT CATTLE; N-CANINUM; VACCINATION AB Neospora caninum is the causal agent of bovine neosporosis which results in high levels of abortion. The present study determined the protective efficacy of two Neospora antigens - Neospora cyclophilin (NcCyP) and NcSRS2. The ability of native NcCyP to upregulate mouse IFN-gamma was also confirmed in this study. Recombinant NcCyP or NcSRS2 were tested either alone or in combination and formulated with adjuvant ImmuMax-SR and CpG. Female BALB/c mice (n = 15) of 10-12 weeks of age were immunized s.c. twice over a 2-week interval with vaccines containing either NcCyP (20 mu g/dose) alone, NcSRS2 (20 mu g/dose) alone, NcCyP plus NcSRS2, or non-recombinant bacterial antigen (NR) in 2 separate trials. All mice were challenge-infected 3 weeks following the booster immunization and necropsied 3 weeks after the challenge infection. Brain and serum were collected and Nc-specific DNA sequence in brain tissue and antibodies in serum were analyzed by PCR or ELISA/Western blotting. Results showed that mice vaccinated with rNcCyP, rNcSRS2, or both rNcCyP and rNcSRS2 responded with high levels of NcCyP or NcSRS2 specific antibodies. Overall, mice received vaccines formulated with either rNcCyP or rNcCyP and rNcSRS2 had a higher (p < 0.01) percent protection when compared to the mock- or non-vaccinated mice. The group immunized with rNcSRS2 alone exhibited slightly lower levels of protection, which was higher (p <0.05) than that of the non-vaccinated group but did not differ (p = 0.06) from that of the mock-vaccinated group. The results of the present study indicate that NcCyP is a highly efficacious vaccine candidate which may be useful in protection against Neospora infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tuo, Wenbin; Jenkins, Mark C.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhu, Daming] NIAID, Qual Control Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Tuo, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wenbin.tuo@ars.usda.gov FU Ministry of Education, P.R. China FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Celia O'Brien, Ms. Carolyn Parker and Mr. Eli Miramontes for technical assistance. Wenbin Tuo is an adjunct faculty of the College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China and sponsored by the "Overseas Cultural and Educational Expert" program of the Ministry of Education, P.R. China.- NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 13 BP 2392 EP 2399 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.041 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 745CC UT WOS:000289140500008 PM 21281689 ER PT J AU Sun, QN Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Sun, Qi-Ning Hse, Chung-Yun Shupe, Todd F. TI Characterization and Performance of Melamine Enhanced Urea Formaldehyde Resin for Bonding Southern Pine Particleboard SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE (13)C-NMR; DSC; melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin; acid catalysts; southern pine particleboards; formaldehyde emission ID SPECTROSCOPY; COCONDENSATION; PH AB Urea-formaldehyde resins modified by melamine were synthesized by four catalysts (H(2)SO(4), HCl, H(3)PO(4), and NaOH/NH(4)OH) with a F/U/M molar ratio of 1.38/1/0.074. Resin structure and thermal behavior were studied by (13)C-NMR and DSC techniques. For H(2)SO(4), HCl, and H(3)PO(4) catalysts, resins were prepared by two stage pH adjustment: the first pH stage was set at 1.25 (H(3)PO(4) pH 1.60) and second pH stage was set at 5.0. For the NaOH/NH(4)OH catalyst, the resin was set at pH 5.0 from the start. Of the four catalysts, HCl catalyzed resins, with the highest free urea and lowest free formaldehyde, consistently yielded the lowest formaldehyde emission; NaOH/NH(4)OH catalyst resulted in the best IB strength tested at dry conditions and also after 24 h cold water soak and the lowest water absorption and thickness swell. The resins catalyzed with H(3)PO(4) had the highest free formaldehyde and no free urea yielding the highest formaldehyde emission. Each DSC thermogram was proceeded by a weak exothermic peak and followed by an obvious endothermic peak. The exothermic peak temperatures were 125.0, 131.1, 111.4, and 125.2 degrees C, and endothermic peak temperatures were 135.8, 147.6, 118.9, and 138.4 degrees C, respectively, for H(2)SO(4), HCl, H(3)PO(4), and NaOH/NH(4)OH catalysts. The close proximity of the peak temperatures of the exothermic and endothermic reactions strongly suggests that there is potential interference of heat flow between the exothermic and endothermic reactions which may impact resin curing. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.dagger J Appl Polym Sci 119: 3538-3543, 2011 C1 [Hse, Chung-Yun] USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Sun, Qi-Ning; Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hse, CY (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM chse@fs.fed.us RI Sun, Qining/B-7592-2016 OI Sun, Qining/0000-0002-9678-7834 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3538 EP 3543 DI 10.1002/app.33023 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 694QN UT WOS:000285312800049 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wisniewski, M Droby, S Vero, S Tian, SP Hershkovitz, V AF Liu, Jia Wisniewski, Michael Droby, Samir Vero, Silvana Tian, Shiping Hershkovitz, Vera TI Glycine betaine improves oxidative stress tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of the antagonistic yeast Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycine betaine; Oxidative stress tolerance; ROS; Antioxidant enzymes; Biocontrol efficacy ID METHYLGLYOXAL DETOXIFICATION SYSTEMS; PANTOEA-AGGLOMERANS CPA-2; SWEET CHERRY FRUIT; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; CRYPTOCOCCUS-LAURENTII; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE AB The effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on the viability of the yeast antagonist. Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum, as well as the effect of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) on yeast viability under oxidative stress, was determined. GB treatment improved the tolerance of C. infirmominiatum to oxidative stress. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lower level of protein oxidation in response to oxidative stress. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a faster growth in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 degrees C compared to the performance of untreated yeast. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of C. infirmominiatum were elevated by GB treatment. Results indicate that the elicitation of antioxidant response by GB may contribute to improvements in oxidative stress tolerance, population growth in apple wounds, and biocontrol activity of C infirmominiatum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Jia; Wisniewski, Michael] USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Droby, Samir; Hershkovitz, Vera] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Tian, Shiping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Key Lab Photosynthesis & Environm Mol Physi, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Vero, Silvana] Univ Republica, Fac Quim, Inst Catedra Microbiol, Montevideo, Uruguay. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov; tsp@ibcas.cn FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund [IS-4268-09]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [31030051] FX This research was partially supported by a grant (IS-4268-09) from the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund to Samir Droby and Michael Wisniewski, and a grant (31030051) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) to Shiping Tian. NR 56 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 9 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 146 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.007 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 753ZM UT WOS:000289820000011 PM 21353322 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, TK Goyne, KW Miles, RJ Baffaut, C Anderson, SH Sudduth, KA AF O'Donnell, T. Kevin Goyne, Keith W. Miles, Randall J. Baffaut, Claire Anderson, Stephen H. Sudduth, Kenneth A. TI Determination of representative elementary areas for soil redoximorphic features identified by digital image processing SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Digital photography; Soil redoximorphic features; Micromorphometry; Image classification; Pedology; Hydric soils ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLAYPAN SOILS; THIN-SECTIONS; COLOR; QUANTIFICATION; PATTERN; MICROMORPHOLOGY; DURATION; ECOLOGY; RUNOFF AB Photography has been a welcome tool in documenting and conveying qualitative soil information. When coupled with image analysis software, the usefulness of digital cameras can be increased to advance the field of micropedology. The determination of a representative elementary area (REA) still remains a critical information need for soil scientists so that field measurements are independent of sample size and account for spatial heterogeneity. An objective of this study was to define and determine an REA for Low Chroma and High Chroma soil redoximorphic features (SRFs) present in claypan soils of northeastern Missouri, USA using a digital camera and image classification techniques. An additional objective was to examine REA differences between these two SRF types, soil depths, and landscape positions to highlight sampling considerations when quantifying SRFs in the field. Three metrics were chosen to quantify SRF heterogeneity, including percent occurrence, mean Euclidean distance, and the Interspersion/Juxtaposition Index. The relative change in these metrics was determined for 16 image sizes ranging from 2.5 cm(2) to 40 cm(2) and used to identify an REA. Results showed REAs (mean +/- SE) for Low Chroma (17.7 cm(2) +/- 0.4) and High Chroma (25.4 cm(2) +/- 0.7) were significantly different (alpha = 0.05). Further review of REAs indicated large sampling diameters (>8 cm) are necessary to simultaneously capture REAs of Low Chroma and High Chroma SRFs. When SRFs were considered separately, a >= 5 cm diameter core is recommended to reach an REA for Low Chroma, allowing accurate quantification for soil classification purposes and hydric soil determinations. Federal and state agencies requiring quantifiable SRF measures for land management decisions may greatly benefit from determining these minimum measurement scales, ensuring appropriate data collection methods in the future. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Donnell, T. Kevin; Goyne, Keith W.; Miles, Randall J.; Anderson, Stephen H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Baffaut, Claire; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP O'Donnell, TK (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, 77 W Jackson Blvd G-17J, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM odonnell.thomas@epa.gov FU University of Missouri Research Council [URC-08-046]; USDA-CSREES [2005-51130-02380] FX Funding for this research was provided by the University of Missouri Research Council (Grant # URC-08-046) and the USDA-CSREES, National Integrated Water Quality - Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) (Grant # 2005-51130-02380). NR 65 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 161 IS 3-4 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.011 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 736EU UT WOS:000288474300004 ER PT J AU Appell, M Jackson, MA Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AF Appell, Michael Jackson, Michael A. Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann TI Removal of patulin from aqueous solutions by propylthiol functionalized SBA-15 SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Detoxification; SBA-15; Molecular Modeling; Mycotoxin; Patulin ID APPLE JUICE; ELECTROPHILIC PROPERTIES; GLUTATHIONE ADDUCTS; ACTIVATED CARBON; ADSORPTION; MYCOTOXINS; MODEL; HPLC; DETOXIFICATION; TAUTOMERS AB Propylthiol functionalized SBA-15 silica was investigated to detoxify aqueous solutions contaminated with the regulated mycotoxin patulin. Micelle templated silicas with a specific pore size were synthetically modified to possess propylthiol groups, a functional group known to form Michael reaction products with the conjugated double bond system of patulin. BET surface area analysis indicated the propylthiol functionalized SBA-15 possesses channels with the pore size of 5.4 nm and a surface area of 345 m(2) g(-1). Elemental analysis indicates the silicon/sulfur ratio to be 10:1, inferring one propylthiol substituent for every ten silica residues. The propylthiol modified SBA-15 was effective at significantly reducing high levels of patulin from aqueous solutions (pH 7.0) in batch sorption assays at room temperature. The material was less effective at lower pH; however heating low pH solutions and apple juice to 60 degrees C in the presence of propylthiol functionalized SBA-15 significantly reduced the levels of patulin in contaminated samples. Composite molecular models developed by semi-empirical PM3 and empirical force field methods support patulin permeation through the mesoporous channels of propylthiol functionalized SBA-15. Density functional study at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level predicts the proposed patulin adducts formed by reaction with the thiol residues exhibit less electrophilic properties than patulin. It is demonstrated the use of propylthiol functionalized SBA-15 is a viable approach to reduce patulin levels in aqueous solutions, including contaminated apple juice. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Appell, Michael] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Jackson, Michael A.; Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Appell, M (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM michael.appell@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 187 IS 1-3 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 738HL UT WOS:000288630800017 PM 21269768 ER PT J AU Snider, JL Oosterhuis, DM Kawakami, EM AF Snider, John L. Oosterhuis, Derrick M. Kawakami, Eduardo M. TI Diurnal pollen tube growth rate is slowed by high temperature in field-grown Gossypium hirsutum pistils SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fertilization; Gossypium hirsutum; Heat stress; Pollen germination; Pollen tube growth ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; HEAT-STRESS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; COTTON CULTIVARS; PIMA COTTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GERMINATION; RUBISCO; TRANSLOCATION; SENSITIVITY AB For Gossypium hirsutum pollination, germination, and pollen tube growth must occur in a highly concerted fashion on the day of flowering for fertilization to occur. Because reproductive success could be influenced by the photosynthetic activity of major source leaves, we hypothesized that increased temperatures under field conditions would limit fertilization by inhibiting diurnal pollen tube growth through the style and decreasing subtending leaf photosynthesis. To address this hypothesis, G. hirsutum seeds were sown on different dates to obtain flowers exposed to contrasting ambient temperatures while at the same developmental stage (node 8 above the cotyledons). Collection and measurement were conducted at 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00 h on August 4 (34.6 degrees C maximum air temperature) and 14, 2009 (29.9 degrees C maximum air temperature). Microclimate measurements included photosynthetically active radiation, relative humidity, and air temperature. Pistil measurements included pistil surface temperature, pollen germination, pollen tube growth through the style, fertilization efficiency, fertilized ovule number, and total number of ovules per ovary. Subtending leaf measurements included leaf temperature, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance. Under high temperatures the first measurable pollen tube growth through the style was observed earlier in the day (12:00 h) than under cooler conditions (15:00 h). Also, high temperature resulted in slower pollen tube growth through the style (2.05 mm h(-1)) relative to cooler conditions (3.35 mm h(-1)), but there were no differences in fertilization efficiency, number of fertilized ovules, or ovule number. There was no effect of sampling date on diurnal photosynthetic patterns, where the maximum photosynthetic rate was observed at 12:00 h on both dates. It is concluded that, of the measured physiological and reproductive processes, pollen tube growth rate showed the greatest sensitivity to high temperature under field conditions. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Snider, John L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Oosterhuis, Derrick M.; Kawakami, Eduardo M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Snider, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM john.Snider@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors thank Cotton Incorporated and the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station for supporting this research. Additionally, we thank M. Snider, M. Quadros, and D. Loka for their assistance in both the laboratory and the field. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that also may be suitable. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 5 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.003 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 741BA UT WOS:000288836900005 PM 20832140 ER PT J AU Kaplan, F Srinivasan, J Mahanti, P Ajredini, R Durak, O Nimalendran, R Sternberg, PW Teal, PEA Schroeder, FC Edison, AS Alborn, HT AF Kaplan, Fatma Srinivasan, Jagan Mahanti, Parag Ajredini, Ramadan Durak, Omer Nimalendran, Rathika Sternberg, Paul W. Teal, Peter E. A. Schroeder, Frank C. Edison, Arthur S. Alborn, Hans T. TI Ascaroside Expression in Caenorhabditis elegans Is Strongly Dependent on Diet and Developmental Stage SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PHEROMONE; NEMATODE; TEMPERATURE AB Background: The ascarosides form a family of small molecules that have been isolated from cultures of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. They are often referred to as "dauer pheromones" because most of them induce formation of long-lived and highly stress resistant dauer larvae. More recent studies have shown that ascarosides serve additional functions as social signals and mating pheromones. Thus, ascarosides have multiple functions. Until now, it has been generally assumed that ascarosides are constitutively expressed during nematode development. Methodology/Principal Findings: Cultures of C. elegans were developmentally synchronized on controlled diets. Ascarosides released into the media, as well as stored internally, were quantified by LC/MS. We found that ascaroside biosynthesis and release were strongly dependent on developmental stage and diet. The male attracting pheromone was verified to be a blend of at least four ascarosides, and peak production of the two most potent mating pheromone components, ascr#3 and asc#8 immediately preceded or coincided with the temporal window for mating. The concentration of ascr#2 increased under starvation conditions and peaked during dauer formation, strongly supporting ascr#2 as the main population density signal (dauer pheromone). After dauer formation, ascaroside production largely ceased and dauer larvae did not release any ascarosides. These findings show that both total ascaroside production and the relative proportions of individual ascarosides strongly correlate with these compounds' stage-specific biological functions. Conclusions/Significance: Ascaroside expression changes with development and environmental conditions. This is consistent with multiple functions of these signaling molecules. Knowledge of such differential regulation will make it possible to associate ascaroside production to gene expression profiles (transcript, protein or enzyme activity) and help to determine genetic pathways that control ascaroside biosynthesis. In conjunction with findings from previous studies, our results show that the pheromone system of C. elegans mimics that of insects in many ways, suggesting that pheromone signaling in C. elegans may exhibit functional homology also at the sensory level. In addition, our results provide a strong foundation for future behavioral modeling studies. C1 [Kaplan, Fatma; Teal, Peter E. A.; Alborn, Hans T.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Srinivasan, Jagan; Durak, Omer; Sternberg, Paul W.] CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Srinivasan, Jagan; Durak, Omer; Sternberg, Paul W.] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mahanti, Parag; Nimalendran, Rathika; Schroeder, Frank C.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY USA. [Mahanti, Parag; Nimalendran, Rathika; Schroeder, Frank C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Ajredini, Ramadan; Edison, Arthur S.] Univ Florida, High Field Magnet Lab, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Kaplan, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM hans.alborn@ars.usda.gov RI Schroeder, Frank/H-5026-2012; OI Sternberg, Paul/0000-0002-7699-0173; Schroeder, Frank/0000-0002-4420-0237 FU National Institutes of Health [1R01GM085285-01A1, 3R01GM085285-01A1S1, GM088290] FX Funding: Partially funded by National Institutes of Health (1R01GM085285-01A1, 3R01GM085285-01A1S1, and GM088290). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding received for this study. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17804 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017804 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 736SH UT WOS:000288513900032 PM 21423575 ER PT J AU Li, HH Bradbury, P Ersoz, E Buckler, ES Wang, JK AF Li, Huihui Bradbury, Peter Ersoz, Elhan Buckler, Edward S. Wang, Jiankang TI Joint QTL Linkage Mapping for Multiple-Cross Mating Design Sharing One Common Parent SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FLOWERING-TIME; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; INBRED LINES; COMPLEX TRAITS; ASSOCIATION; MAIZE; POPULATIONS; GENOME; FAMILIES AB Background: Nested association mapping (NAM) is a novel genetic mating design that combines the advantages of linkage analysis and association mapping. This design provides opportunities to study the inheritance of complex traits, but also requires more advanced statistical methods. In this paper, we present the detailed algorithm of a QTL linkage mapping method suitable for genetic populations derived from NAM designs. This method is called joint inclusive composite interval mapping (JICIM). Simulations were designed on the detected QTL in a maize NAM population and an Arabidopsis NAM population so as to evaluate the efficiency of the NAM design and the JICIM method. Principal Findings: Fifty-two QTL were identified in the maize population, explaining 89% of the phenotypic variance of days to silking, and nine QTL were identified in the Arabidopsis population, explaining 83% of the phenotypic variance of flowering time. Simulations indicated that the detection power of these identified QTL was consistently high, especially for large-effect QTL. For rare QTL having significant effects in only one family, the power of correct detection within the 5 cM support interval was around 80% for 1-day effect QTL in the maize population, and for 3-day effect QTL in the Arabidopsis population. For smaller-effect QTL, the power diminished, e. g., it was around 50% for maize QTL with an effect of 0.5 day. When QTL were linked at a distance of 5 cM, the likelihood of mapping them as two distinct QTL was about 70% in the maize population. When the linkage distance was 1 cM, they were more likely mapped as one single QTL at an intermediary position. Conclusions: Because it takes advantage of the large genetic variation among parental lines and the large population size, NAM is a powerful multiple-cross design for complex trait dissection. JICIM is an efficient and specialty method for the joint QTL linkage mapping of genetic populations derived from the NAM design. C1 [Li, Huihui; Wang, Jiankang] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Huihui; Wang, Jiankang] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, CIMMYT China, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Huihui; Ersoz, Elhan; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bradbury, Peter; Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, HH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wangjk@caas.net.cn OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU Natural Science Foundation of China [31000540]; United States National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, DBI-0820619]; USDA-ARS; Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) FX This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31000540), the United States National Science Foundation (DBI-0321467 and DBI-0820619), the USDA-ARS, and the Generation Challenge Program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17573 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017573 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 736SH UT WOS:000288513900012 PM 21423655 ER PT J AU Reichman, R Rolston, DE Yates, SR Skaggs, TH AF Reichman, Rivka Rolston, Dennis E. Yates, Scott R. Skaggs, Todd H. TI Diurnal Variation of Diazinon Volatilization: Soil Moisture Effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-APPLIED PESTICIDES; ORGANIC VAPORS; METOLACHLOR VOLATILIZATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE VAPOR; UNSATURATED SOILS; WATER EVAPORATION; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT AB Diurnal variations in diazinon volatilization were monitored in three field experiments conducted with differing soil moisture contents. The highest flux rates in all experiments were recorded just after diazinon application, but the magnitudes of those initial rates differed according to the soil moisture content, with wetter soil producing a higher rate: 5.6 x 10(-4) mu g cm(-2) min for initial soil moisture above field capacity, 8.3 x 10(-5) mu g cm(-2) min(-1) for initial soil moisture at field capacity, and 2.5 x 10(-5) pg cm(-2) min(-1) for initially very dry soil. Volatilization decreased during the first day in the two experiments with initially wet soils but remained relatively constant in the experiment with initially dry soil. The volatilization rate during the first night for the wettest soil remained about an order-of-magnitude higher than that observed for driest soil. When the surface dried in the experiment conducted at the intermediate water content, the volatilization rate and temporal pattern transitioned and became similar to that observed for the initially dry soil. Around noon of the second day, a daily maximum value was observed in the volatilization rate for wet soil, whereas a minimum value was observed for the dry soil, resulting in an order-of magnitude difference. This study demonstrates the importance of soil moisture on emissions of pesticides to the atmosphere. C1 [Rolston, Dennis E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reichman, Rivka; Yates, Scott R.; Skaggs, Todd H.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Reichman, R (reprint author), Israel Inst Biol Res, Environm Phys Dept, POB 19, IL-74100 Ness Ziona, Israel. EM rikir@iibr.gov.il NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2144 EP 2149 DI 10.1021/es102921r PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731YH UT WOS:000288146200017 PM 21319734 ER PT J AU Xuan, RC Ashworth, DJ Luo, LF Yates, SR AF Xuan, Richeng Ashworth, Daniel J. Luo, Lifang Yates, Scott R. TI Reactive Films for Mitigating Methyl Bromide Emissions from Fumigated Soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; PROPARGYL BROMIDE; DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; FIELD AB Emissions of methyl bromide (MeBr) from agricultural fumigation can lead to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, and so its use is being phased out. However, as MeBr is still widely used under Critical Use Exemptions, strategies are still required to control such emissions. In this work, novel reactive films (RFs) were designed and their efficacy in limiting loss of MeBr from soil was tested. A reactive layer, containing dry ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), was sandwiched between two layers of plastic film, the lower layer being HDPE (high-density polyethylene film, which is permeable to MeBr) and the upper layer HDPE or VIE (virtually impermeable film). MeBr diffusion through, and transformation by, the RFs were tested in a stainless-steel permeability cell. Although ineffective when dry, the RFs substantially depleted MeBr when activated with water to produce ATS solution. MeBr half-life (t(1/2)) was around 9.0 h at 20 degrees C in the presence of activated RF, and was sensitive to temperature (t(1/2) 15.7 and 2.9 h at 10 and 40 degrees C, respectively). When the upper film layer was VIF, less than 0.15% of the added MeBr diffused through the film, with the remainder being transformed within the reactive layer. These findings indicate that such films have good potential to reduce MeBr loss from fumigated soils to the atmosphere. C1 [Xuan, Richeng; Ashworth, Daniel J.; Luo, Lifang; Yates, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Xuan, Richeng] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.yates@ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2317 EP 2322 DI 10.1021/es103713k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731YH UT WOS:000288146200040 PM 21341689 ER PT J AU Li, ZL Palaniyandi, S Zeng, RY Tuo, WB Roopenian, DC Zhu, XP AF Li, Zili Palaniyandi, Senthilkumar Zeng, Rongyu Tuo, Wenbin Roopenian, Derry C. Zhu, Xiaoping TI Transfer of IgG in the female genital tract by MHC class I-related neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) confers protective immunity to vaginal infection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mucosa; humoral; uterine ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; HIV-1-SPECIFIC IGG; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; MUCOSAL; SECRETIONS; TRANSPORT; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION AB IgG is a major Ig subclass in mucosal secretions of the human female genital tract, where it predominates over the IgA isotype. Despite the abundance of IgG, surprisingly little is known about where and how IgG enters the lumen of the genital tract and the exact role local IgG plays in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. We demonstrate here that the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, is expressed in female genital tract epithelial cells of humans and mice and binds IgG in a pH-dependent manner. In vitro we show that FcRn mediates bidirectional IgG transport across polarized human endometrial HEC-1-A monolayers and primary human genital epithelial cells. Furthermore, endosomal acidification appears to be a prerequisite for FcRn-mediated IgG transcytosis; IgG transcytosis was demonstrated in vivo by translocation of systemically administered IgG into the genital lumen in WT but not FcRn-KO mice. The biological relevance of FcRn-transported IgG was demonstrated by passive immunization using herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2)-specific polyclonal serum, which conferred significantly higher protection against intravaginal challenge infection by the HSV-2 186 strain in WT mice than in FcRn-KO mice. These studies demonstrate that FcRn-mediated transport is a mechanism by which IgG can act locally in the female genital tract in immune surveillance and in host defense against sexually transmitted diseases. C1 [Li, Zili; Palaniyandi, Senthilkumar; Zeng, Rongyu; Zhu, Xiaoping] Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Immunol Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Zili; Palaniyandi, Senthilkumar; Zeng, Rongyu; Zhu, Xiaoping] Univ Maryland, Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tuo, Wenbin] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roopenian, Derry C.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Zhu, XP (reprint author), Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Immunol Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xzhu1@umd.edu RI Palaniyandi, Senthilkumar/B-9575-2016 FU National Institutes of Health [AI67965, AI65892, AI73139, DK56597]; Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station from the University of Maryland FX We are grateful to Dr. Raina Fichorova, Dr. Lawrence Stanberry, and Dr. Richard Blumberg for supplying cell lines and reagents, to Dr. Neil Simister for helpful discussions of mouse IgG catabolism, and to Dr. Lilin Ye, Yu Bai, Dr. Xindong Liu, and Dr. Li Lu for technical help. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants AI67965, AI65892, and AI73139 (to X.Z.) and DK56597 (to D.C.R.) and by the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station competitive grants from the University of Maryland (to X.Z.). NR 41 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 11 BP 4388 EP 4393 DI 10.1073/pnas.1012861108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 735WI UT WOS:000288450900029 PM 21368166 ER PT J AU Jeong, J Lee, C Yoo, J Koh, PO Kim, YH Chang, HH Choe, NH Lillehoj, HS Min, W AF Jeong, Jipseol Lee, Changhwan Yoo, Jeongmi Koh, Phil-Ok Kim, Yong-Hwan Chang, Hong H. Choe, Nong-Hoon Lillehoj, Hyun S. Min, Wongi TI Molecular identification of duck and quail common cytokine receptor gamma chain genes SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian CD132; gamma(c) gene; Alternative splicing; Isoform ID IL-2 RECEPTOR; CLONING; EXPRESSION; INTERLEUKIN-2-RECEPTOR; CELLS; CD132 AB Common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma(c)) family cytokines play crucial roles in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Unlike mammals, chickens possess two different gamma(c) transcripts. To determine if this difference is present in other avian species, gamma(c) cDNA and genomic clones from ducks and quails were investigated. Two different gamma(c) transcripts were identified in both species and designated as duck gamma(c)-a (du gamma(c)-a), du gamma(c)-b, quail gamma(c)-a (qu gamma(c)-a), and qu gamma(c)-b. Comparisons between the duck and quail gamma(c) cDNA and genomic sequences indicated that the two transcripts were produced by alternative splicing. Unexpectedly, the du gamma(c)-b contained the fifth intron, a frame-switching 88-bp insertion, resulting in a receptor molecule lacking a transmembrane region. These findings indicate a possibility that avian species, unlike mammals, express two different gamma(c) transcripts due to alternative splicing. This study is the first demonstration of an alternatively spliced gamma(c) isoform that lacks a transmembrane domain. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jeong, Jipseol; Lee, Changhwan; Yoo, Jeongmi; Koh, Phil-Ok; Kim, Yong-Hwan; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Jeong, Jipseol; Lee, Changhwan; Yoo, Jeongmi; Koh, Phil-Ok; Kim, Yong-Hwan; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Chang, Hong H.] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Choe, Nong-Hoon] Konkuk Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Min, W (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, 900 Gajwa Dong, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. EM wongimin@gnu.ac.kr FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R33-10013]; United States Department of Agriculture [59-1265-8-127F] FX This work was supported by WCU Program (R33-10013) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, and partially by the United States Department of Agriculture, Extramural Agreement (59-1265-8-127F). NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.11.023 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 734OG UT WOS:000288342800020 PM 21176852 ER PT J AU Preis, SR Spiegelman, D Zhao, BB Moshfegh, A Baer, DJ Willett, WC AF Preis, Sarah Rosner Spiegelman, Donna Zhao, Barbara Bojuan Moshfegh, Alanna Baer, David J. Willett, Walter C. TI Application of a Repeat-Measure Biomarker Measurement Error Model to 2 Validation Studies: Examination of the Effect of Within-Person Variation in Biomarker Measurements SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias (epidemiology); biological markers; data collection; energy intake; nutrition assessment; proteins; validation studies ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY MEASUREMENT ERROR; WOMENS HEALTH; RELATIVE RISK; COHORT-I; VALIDITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; CALIBRATION; CANCER; NUTRITION AB Repeat-biomarker measurement error models accounting for systematic correlated within-person error can be used to estimate the correlation coefficient (rho) and deattenuation factor (lambda), used in measurement error correction. These models account for correlated errors in the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the 24-hour diet recall and random within-person variation in the biomarkers. Failure to account for within-person variation in biomarkers can exaggerate correlated errors between FFQs and 24-hour diet recalls. For 2 validation studies, rho and lambda were calculated for total energy and protein density. In the Automated Multiple-Pass Method Validation Study (n = 471), doubly labeled water (DLW) and urinary nitrogen (UN) were measured twice in 52 adults approximately 16 months apart (2002-2003), yielding intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.43 for energy (DLW) and 0.54 for protein density (UN/DLW). The deattenuated correlation coefficient for protein density was 0.51 for correlation between the FFQ and the 24-hour diet recall and 0.49 for correlation between the FFQ and the biomarker. Use of repeat-biomarker measurement error models resulted in a rho of 0.42. These models were similarly applied to the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition Study (1999-2000). In conclusion, within-person variation in biomarkers can be substantial, and to adequately assess the impact of correlated subject-specific error, this variation should be assessed in validation studies of FFQs. C1 [Preis, Sarah Rosner; Spiegelman, Donna; Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Spiegelman, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zhao, Barbara Bojuan] Tianjin Univ Finance & Econ, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Moshfegh, Alanna; Baer, David J.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Spiegelman, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM stdls@hsph.harvard.edu OI Preis, Sarah/0000-0002-9360-4166 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 CA50597] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01 CA50597. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 173 IS 6 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1093/aje/kwq415 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 733PL UT WOS:000288274800010 PM 21343245 ER PT J AU Rumble, MA Gamo, RS AF Rumble, Mark A. Gamo, R. Scott TI Habitat use by elk (cervus elaphus) within structural stages of a managed forest of the northcentral United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Elk; Timber management; Habitat selection ID SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; SCALE; TRAP AB Timber management is the most prominent land management activity in the Black Hills National Forest in the northcentral United States. Management units are stands 4-32 ha in size and are described using a hierarchal vegetative description including vegetation type, size class (age), and overstory canopy cover. For the most part, these stands are relatively homogeneous resulting from decades of even-aged management. Because elk (Cervus elaphus) select habitats at different scales from home ranges to microsites, it is important for managers to know how elk utilize vegetative conditions within these stands. We compared vegetative conditions at microsites selected by elk to the vegetative conditions of similarly classified stands to enable managers to better understand how timber management affects elk habitat. Within these relatively homogeneous forest stands under even-age management of the Black Hills, elk demonstrated selection for particular forest attributes. Vegetative conditions that provide cover for elk were selected for in open stands (both aspen and pine), but while in dense stands, elk selected for more open conditions. The elk hiding cover model should be adjusted for this forest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rumble, Mark A.; Gamo, R. Scott] US Forest Serv, Forest & Grassland Res Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest & Grassland Res Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 8221 S Highway 16, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM mrumble@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station [933]; Black Hills National Forest [ISA-203-01-004]; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [RMRS-98113-CC]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid Project [W-75-R-121]; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation [SD00268] FX This research was supported by U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (Study Plan No. 933), Black Hills National Forest (ISA-203-01-004), South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (RMRS-98113-CC), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid Project (W-75-R-121), and the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (SD00268). L. Conroy, L. Flack, C. Holte, and M. Tarby assisted with collection of field data. Drs. F. Lindzey and M. Wisdom provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 6 BP 958 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.005 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 732NZ UT WOS:000288193700002 ER PT J AU Clinton, BD AF Clinton, Barton D. TI Stream water responses to timber harvest: Riparian buffer width effectiveness SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Riparian buffers; Southern Appalachians; Timber harvest; Headwater streams ID FOREST; TEMPERATURE; AREAS; SEDIMENT; REMOVAL; FILTERS AB Vegetated riparian buffers are critical for protecting aquatic and terrestrial processes and habitats in southern Appalachian ecosystems. In this case study, we examined the effect of riparian buffer width on stream water quality following upland forest management activities in four headwater catchments. Three riparian buffer widths were delineated prior to cutting; 0 m (no-buffer), 10 m, and 30 m, and one reference site (REF). A two-age prescription timber harvest was conducted on all cut sites with a target residual basal area of approximately 4.0 m(2) ha(-1). Harvesting occurred from October 2005 through February 2007. Stream sampling was conducted weekly from January 2004 through December 2008. Stream water chemistry, temperature, and total suspended solids (TSS) were used as metrics of water quality. Analyses were conducted on weekly grab samples. Pre-treatment concentrations of all solutes were similar to conditions found in other headwater streams at similar topographic positions around the region. The greatest responses to cutting occurred on the no-buffer site. Compared with pre-harvest levels on the no-buffer site, stream nitrate concentration ([NO(3)-N])) increased 2-fold during both base and stormflow following harvest, and all base cations increased in concentration. [NO(3)-N] on the no-buffer site showed steady decline with time following the initial post-harvest increase. The other sites did not show increases in [NO(3)-N] and very small or no responses in other stream chemistry parameters. There was no TSS response at stormflow on any site, and during baseflow, TSS decreased on all but the no-buffer site. Stream water temperature increased during the summer on the no-buffer site. Although alternative land uses may have different requirements, these results suggest that for riparian buffer widths of 10 m and wider, the forest harvest activities implemented in this study did not substantially impact stream water quality. Hence, 10 m wide buffers in these ecosystems may provide effective protection with respect to stream water chemistry, TSS, and temperature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Clinton, BD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM bclinton@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [NSF] [DEB 0218001, R551-209/6330957]; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; Region 8 of the USDA Forest Service FX This work was supported in part by the Coweeta LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) Program (National Science Foundation [NSF] grants DEB 0218001 and R551-209/6330957), the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, and Region 8 of the USDA Forest Service. The authors would like to thank District Ranger Mike Wilkins and the staff of the Nantahala Ranger District of the Nantahala National Forest of western North Carolina for their cooperation in the conduct of this research. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 6 BP 979 EP 988 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.012 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 732NZ UT WOS:000288193700004 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Knapp, E Battles, J Keeley, JE AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Stephenson, Nathan L. Knapp, Eric Battles, John Keeley, Jon E. TI Long-term effects of prescribed fire on mixed conifer forest structure in the Sierra Nevada, California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire ecology; Forest restoration; Fuel reduction treatment; Spatial pattern; Tree mortality ID FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE MORTALITY-RATES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; BARK BEETLES; EARLY-SEASON; CARBON; PRINCIPLES; SEVERITY AB The capacity of prescribed fire to restore forest conditions is often judged by changes in forest structure within a few years following burning. However, prescribed fire might have longer-term effects on forest structure, potentially changing treatment assessments. We examined annual changes in forest structure in five 1 ha old-growth plots immediately before prescribed fire and up to eight years after fire at Sequoia National Park, California. Fire-induced declines in stem density (67% average decrease at eight years post-fire) were nonlinear, taking up to eight years to reach a presumed asymptote. Declines in live stem biomass were also nonlinear, but smaller in magnitude (32% average decrease at eight years post-fire) as most large trees survived the fires. The preferential survival of large trees following fire resulted in significant shifts in stem diameter distributions. Mortality rates remained significantly above background rates up to six years after the fires. Prescribed fire did not have a large influence on the representation of dominant species. Fire-caused mortality appeared to be spatially random, and therefore did not generally alter heterogeneous tree spatial patterns. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can bring about substantial changes to forest structure in old-growth mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada, but that long-term observations are needed to fully describe some measures of fire effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.; Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Knapp, Eric] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Battles, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012 OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 6 BP 989 EP 994 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.013 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 732NZ UT WOS:000288193700005 ER PT J AU North, MP Hurteau, MD AF North, Malcolm P. Hurteau, Matthew D. TI High-severity wildfire effects on carbon stocks and emissions in fuels treated and untreated forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Climate change mitigation; Disturbance; Fire severity; Forest management; Sierra Nevada; Tree mortality ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PONDEROSA PINE; CALIFORNIA; USA; MOUNTAINS AB Forests contain the world's largest terrestrial carbon stocks, but in seasonally dry environments stock stability can be compromised if burned by wildfire, emitting carbon back to the atmosphere. Treatments to reduce wildfire severity can reduce emissions, but with an immediate cost of reducing carbon stocks. In this study we examine the tradeoffs in carbon stock reduction and wildfire emissions in 19 fuels-treated and -untreated forests burned in twelve wildfires. The fuels treatment, a commonly used thinning 'from below' and removal of activity fuels, removed an average of 50.3 Mg C ha(-1) or 34% of live tree carbon stocks. Wildfire emissions averaged 29.7 and 67.8 Mg C ha(-1) in fuels treated and untreated forests, respectively. The total carbon (fuels treatment plus wildfire emission) removed from treated sites was 119% of the carbon emitted from the untreated/burned sites. However, with only 3% tree survival following wildfire, untreated forests averaged only 7.8 Mg C ha(-1) in live trees with an average quadratic mean tree diameter of 21 cm. In contrast, treated forest averaged 100.5 Mg C ha(-1) with a live tree quadratic mean diameter of 44 cm. In untreated forests 70% of the remaining total ecosystem carbon shifted to decomposing stocks after the wildfire, compared to 19% in the fuels-treated forest. In wildfire burned forest, fuels treatments have a higher immediate carbon 'cost', but in the long-term may benefit from lower decomposition emissions and higher carbon storage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [North, Malcolm P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [North, Malcolm P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hurteau, Matthew D.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP North, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM mpnorth@ucdavis.edu RI Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 FU The USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station FX We thank Chris Hamma, Dominic Ali, and Forest Service employees Colin Dillingham, David Kelly, Eric Knapp, Jon Lamb, Ryan Tompkins, Scott Williams, Debbie Mayer, Joan McNamara, Kyle Merriam, Martin Ritchie, Hugh Safford, and Carl Skinner. The USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station provided funding. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.039 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 732NZ UT WOS:000288193700020 ER PT J AU D'Amore, DV Bonzey, NS Berkowitz, J Ruegg, J Bridgham, S AF D'Amore, David V. Bonzey, Nicholas S. Berkowitz, Jacob Rueegg, Janine Bridgham, Scott TI Holocene soil-geomorphic surfaces influence the role of salmon-derived nutrients in the coastal temperate rainforest of Southeast Alaska SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soils; Alluvial terrace; Pedology; Salmon-derived nutrients; Nitrogen isotopes ID ELEMENTS TRANSPORTED UPSTREAM; NORTH PACIFIC COAST; RIPARIAN FOREST; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-C-13 EVIDENCE; WESTERN WASHINGTON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; GLACIER BAY AB The influence of salmon-derived nutrients (SDN) is widely accepted as a potential factor in the maintenance of aquatic and terrestrial productivity in North American Coastal rainforests. Holocene alluvial landforms are intimately connected with the return of anadromous salmon, but the influence of the soils that occupy these landforms and support this important terrestrial-aquatic ecological coupling have not been examined in SDN studies. We used paleo-ecologic information, soil resource inventories and measurements of soil morphology to construct a soil-geomorphic model for alluvial landforms along salmon spawning channels on Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska, USA. Post-glacial sea-level rise, crustal uplift and subsidence combined with Holocene sediment deposition have formed alluvial terraces and floodplains along rivers on Prince of Wales Island. These alluvial landforms have soils that are mapped as Entisols (Tonowek soil series) and Spodosols (Tuxekan soil series). We propose a soil-geomorphic model where the Spodosols located on terraces are estimated to derive from sediments deposited after the stabilization of landscape approximately 8 kybp to 6 kybp. The stability of these soils is reflected through mature soil development with organic matter accumulation and podzolization. Our model identifies Entisols on floodplains developed from alluvial deposition in the latter Holocene that have soil morphologic features consistent with recent deposition and limited soil development. We used this soil-geomorphic model to test the hypothesis that the terrestrial end-member value commonly used to quantify nitrogen (N) loading on soils through stable isotope analysis differs by soil type and found that the two soil types had significantly different N isotopic (delta N-15) values more consistent with soil development than SON loading. The use of a soil-geomorphic model provides a means to stratify alluvial landforms and constrain the natural variability encountered in studies of riparian nutrient cycles associated with the feedbacks between SON and terrestrial ecosystems to improve estimates of the fate of SDN in soils and vegetation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [D'Amore, David V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bonzey, Nicholas S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24601 USA. [Berkowitz, Jacob] US Army Corps Engineers, Environm Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Rueegg, Janine] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bridgham, Scott] Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR USA. [Bridgham, Scott] Univ Oregon, Environm Studies Program, Eugene, OR USA. RP D'Amore, DV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddamore@fs.fed.us; nbonzey@vt.edu; jacob.f.berkowitz@usace.army.mil; jrueegg@nd.edu; bridgham@uoregon.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2006-35101-16566] FX We would like to acknowledge the comments and suggestions of Joe Wheaton, Jack Vitek, and two anonymous reviewers who helped to greatly improve this manuscript. We would also like to thank our colleagues at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory in Juneau, Alaska, Rick Edwards and Erik Norberg for field and laboratory assistance, and Frances Bites for assistance with Fig. 1. We would also like to thank the salmon research team from the University of Notre Dame for assistance in this research including Dom Chaloner, Scott Tiegs, Peter Levi, and Gary Lamberti. Jim Baichtal's consultation on paleo-landscape development was extremely helpful in developing the soil-geomorphic model, and his contributions are gratefully acknowledged. This project was partially supported by the USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (Ecosystem Science Program 2006-35101-16566). NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 126 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.04.014 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 734AR UT WOS:000288306100009 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Theisen, DD Woods, LC AF Guthrie, H. D. Welch, G. R. Theisen, D. D. Woods, L. C., III TI Effects of hypothermic storage on intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species formation, mitochondrial function, motility, and plasma membrane integrity in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) sperm SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flow cytometry; Fluo-3; JC-1; Sperm viability ID SHORT-TERM STORAGE; BOAR SPERM; RAM SPERMATOZOA; SEMINAL PLASMA; HIGH DILUTION; TROUT SPERM; CA2+; ACTIVATION; SEMEN; CRYOPRESERVATION AB Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hypothermic 24 h storage on striped bass sperm cell plasma membrane integrity, free intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (oxidation of hydroethidine to ethidium) as determined by flow cytometry; motion activation and ATP concentration as determined by Luciferin-Luciferase bioluminescence assay. Semen was stored for 1 or 24 h at 4 degrees C in an O(2) atmosphere undiluted or diluted (one volume semen with 3 volumes diluent) with T350 (20 mM TRIS base-NaCl, 350 mOsm/mL, pH 8) or with seminal plasma in the presence of various treatments. Viability (% cells excluding propidium iodide) approached 100% after 1 h storage in undiluted or diluted semen. After 1 h of storage the [Ca(2+)](i) marker, Fluo-3, was detected in only 3% of sperm cells in undiluted or diluted semen. In contrast to storage for 1 h, after 24 h the incidence Fluo-3 fluorescence intensity was increased (P < 0.05) in > 50% of the viable cells in undiluted and diluted semen along with increased cell death; the presence of 1 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) blocked CaCl(2)-induced Fluo-3 fluorescence and cell death. Activation of sperm motility was 82% after 1 h in T350 and decreased (P < 0.05) to 30% after 24 h. However, motility activation failed in the presence of EGTA at 1 or 24 h. During storage Delta Psi(m) was not affected by storage time or treatment. In contrast, sperm ATP was greater (P < 0.05) at 1 h than at 24 h and was greater in sperm stored in diluted than undiluted form. While ROS formation was induced by menadione treatment, there was no evidence of storage-induced ROS formation in the absence of menadione. The increased [Ca(2+)](i) found after 24 h indicates a storage induced defect in the maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis which may be detrimental to sperm activation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Guthrie, H. D.; Welch, G. R.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Theisen, D. D.; Woods, L. C., III] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM dave.guthrie@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 951 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.037 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 731YW UT WOS:000288147700020 PM 21247623 ER PT J AU Dobbs, C Escobedo, FJ Zipperer, WC AF Dobbs, Cynnamon Escobedo, Francisco J. Zipperer, Wayne C. TI A framework for developing urban forest ecosystem services and goods indicators SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Urban ecosystem; Urban soils; Ecosystem services; Disservices; Florida ID AIR-POLLUTION; COMPOSITE INDICATORS; VEGETATION; SOILS; LANDSCAPE; PRICES; HEALTH; CITIES; AREAS; USA AB The social and ecological processes impacting on urban forests have been studied at multiple temporal and spatial scales in order to help us quantify, monitor, and value the ecosystem services that benefit people. Few studies have comprehensively analyzed the full suite of ecosystem services, goods (ESG), and ecosystem disservices provided by an urban forest. Indicators, however, are one approach that could be used to better understand the structure of an urban forest, the suite of ESG provided by urban forests, and their influence on human well-being using a simple, innovative and repeatable metric. This study presents a framework for developing indicators using field data, an urban forest functional model, and the literature. Urban tree and soil indicators for groups of ecosystem functions were used to statistically analyze the effects of urban morphology and socioeconomics on urban forest ESG. Findings show that the most influential ESG indicators were tree cover, soil pH, and soil organic matter. Indicators were significantly influenced by land use and time since urbanization, while analyses of property values and household income did not yield any particularly significant results. The indicators presented in this paper present a first approach to non-monetary valuation of urban forest ESG and can be used to develop urban forest structure management goals and to monitor the effects of urban greening policies on human well-being. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dobbs, Cynnamon; Escobedo, Francisco J.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zipperer, Wayne C.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dobbs, C (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Australian Res Urban Ecol ARCUE, Sch Bot C, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM c.dobbsbrown@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au; fescobed@ufl.edu; wzipperer@fs.fed.us RI Romero, Luz/E-7993-2012; Escobedo, Francisco/N-9526-2013; Escobedo, Francisco /H-1286-2016 OI Escobedo, Francisco /0000-0002-9272-5046 FU Florida Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA Forest Service Centers for Urban and Interface Forestry FX We would like to mention Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA Forest Service Centers for Urban and Interface Forestry for funding. We would like to thanks Mark Hostetler for his careful reviews, Wendell Cropper and Jane Southworth for their valuable intellectual and conceptual input. NR 77 TC 86 Z9 97 U1 21 U2 210 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 3-4 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.11.004 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 718KV UT WOS:000287121000002 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Crimmins, MA Cushman, SA Littell, JS AF Holden, Zachary A. Crimmins, Michael A. Cushman, Samuel A. Littell, Jeremy S. TI Empirical modeling of spatial and temporal variation in warm season nocturnal air temperatures in two North Idaho mountain ranges, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Topoclimate; PCA; Random Forest; Cold air drainage ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COMPLEX TERRAIN; RANDOM FORESTS; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; DRAINAGE; FUTURE AB Accurate, fine spatial resolution predictions of surface air temperatures are critical for understanding many hydrologic and ecological processes. This study examines the spatial and temporal variability in nocturnal air temperatures across a mountainous region of Northern Idaho. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to a network of 70 Hobo temperature loggers systematically distributed across 2 mountain ranges. Four interpretable modes of variability were observed in average nighttime temperatures among Hobo sites: (1) regional/synoptic; (2) topoclimatic; (3) land surface feedback; (4) canopy cover and vegetation. PC time series captured temporal variability in nighttime temperatures and showed strong relationships with regional air temperatures, sky conditions and atmospheric pressure. PC2 captured the topographic variation among temperatures. A cold air drainage index was created by predicting PC2 loadings to elevation, slope position and dissection indices. Nightly temperature maps were produced by applying PC time series back to the PC2 loading surface, revealing complex temporal and spatial variation in nighttime temperatures. Further development of both physically and empirically based daily temperature models that account for synoptic atmospheric controls on fine-scale temperature variability in mountain ecosystems are needed to guide future monitoring efforts aimed at assessing the impact of climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holden, Zachary A.] USDA Forest Serv No Reg, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Crimmins, Michael A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cushman, Samuel A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv No Reg, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM zaholden@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.10.006 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717SU UT WOS:000287068500001 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. TI Factors affecting diurnal stem contraction in young Douglas-fir SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; Dendrometer; Vapor pressure deficit; Solar radiation; Water balance; Transpiration ID NORWAY SPRUCE; WATER-STRESS; DIMENSIONAL FLUCTUATIONS; PICEA-ABIES; DIAMETER; TREES; SHRINKAGE; PATTERNS; RADIUS; MICROCLIMATE AB Diurnal fluctuation in a tree's stem diameter is a function of daily growth and of the tree's water balance, as water is temporarily stored in the relatively elastic outer cambial and phloem tissues. On a very productive site in southwestern Washington, U.S.A., we used recording dendrometers to monitor stem diameter fluctuations of Douglas-fir at plantation ages 7 and 8 and related the fluctuations to environmental variables measured on-site. Growing-season diurnal stem contraction (DSC) averaged 0.21% of stem diameter, while dormant-season DSC averaged 0.03% of stem diameter. Maximum daily stem diameter generally occurred between 7:00 and 9:00 Pacific Standard Time (PST) and minimum stem diameter occurred between 17:00 and 20:00 PST. Diurnal stem contraction during the growing season was predicted by a model that included vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation (adjusted R(2) = 0.84). A similar model predicted DSC during the dormant season with an adjusted R(2) = 0.26. Soil water availability was high, and soil water content was not correlated with DSC. On four of the coldest winter days (mean daytime air temperature <0 degrees C), large decreases in stem diameter were observed. Recording dendrometers, used for continuous diameter measurements throughout the growing season, have the potential to provide important information not only on tree growth but also on a tree's water balance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Constance A.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Fdn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Fdn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine27@yahoo.com; charrington@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 FU Weyerhaeuser Company FX We thank Weyerhaeuser Company for providing the study site and partial funding for this research; in particular, we thank Thomas Terry (retired) and Rodney Meade. We thank the members of the Silviculture and Forest Models Team who assisted with study installation and data collection. We thank Scott Holub, Thomas Terry, and George Weaver for manuscript reviews. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 3 BP 414 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.004 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717SU UT WOS:000287068500015 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA AF Kimball, Bruce A. TI Comment on the comment by Amthor et al. on "Appropriate experimental ecosystem warming methods" by Aronson and McNulty SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Canopy temperature; Climate change; Ecosystems; Global change; Global warming; Infrared heater; Supplemental irrigation; Infrared radiation ID INFRARED HEATER; TEMPERATURE; PRACTICALITY; PLANTS; FIELD; FACE AB In a recent comment on the paper by Aronson and McNulty (2009) about "Appropriate experimental ecosystem warming methods by ecosystem, objective, and practicality", Amthor et al. (2010) state that infrared lamps do not warm open-field plots by the mechanism expected with global warming. While this statement is correct, in the aftermath of their comment, confusion exists about how warming with infrared heaters can be related to global warming. This comment illustrates how infrared heating at "constant temperature rise" relates in a quantitative way to anticipated global warming. Amthor et al. (2010) also state that changes in vapor pressure gradient from leaf to atmosphere are an issue with infrared heating, but this problem can be minimized with supplemental irrigations in controlled amounts. Therefore, "constant temperature rise" infrared warming experiments with supplemental irrigations are a viable T-FACE (temperature free-air controlled enhancement) that can be used in combination with CO(2)-FACE to produce conditions more representative of future open-fields than can be done with chambers with their many known artifacts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cordon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Bruce.Kimball@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 3 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.013 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717SU UT WOS:000287068500016 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Hunt, ER Qu, JJ Hao, XJ Daughtry, CST AF Wang, Lingli Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Qu, John J. Hao, Xianjun Daughtry, Craig S. T. TI Towards estimation of canopy foliar biomass with spectral reflectance measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Normalized dry matter index; Leaf area index; PROSPECT; SAIL ID FUEL MOISTURE-CONTENT; SAIL MODEL; LEAF; LIGHT AB Canopy foliar biomass, defined as the product of leaf dry matter content and leaf area index, is an important measurement for global biogeochemical cycles. This study explores the potential for retrieving foliar biomass in green canopies using a spectral index, the Normalized Dry Matter Index (NDMI). This narrow-band index is based on absorption at the C-H bond stretch overtone and is correlated with leaf dry matter content in fresh green leaves. PROSPECT and SAIL model simulations suggest that the NDMI at the canopy scale is able to minimize the effects of leaf thickness and leaf water content and to maximize sensitivity to variation in canopy foliar biomass. The simulation outputs were analyzed with an ANOVA, and 87% of the variation in the NDMI is explained by leaf dry matter content. The NDMI was linearly related to foliar biomass (g cm(-2)) from model simulations (R(2)=0.97). The NDMI calculated from spectral reflectances for one to four stacked leaves was also correlated with total leaf biomass (R(2)=0.59). These results suggest that it may be possible to determine foliar biomass from airborne and satellite-borne imaging spectrometers, such as NASA's HyspIRI mission. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Lingli; Qu, John J.; Hao, Xianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lwang2@gmu.edu RI Hao, Xianjun/F-7253-2016; Hao, Xianjun/C-9543-2011 OI Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839; Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 3 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.011 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 717SJ UT WOS:000287067400003 ER PT J AU Kupferberg, SJ Lind, AJ Thill, V Yarnell, SM AF Kupferberg, Sarah J. Lind, Amy J. Thill, Vanessa Yarnell, Sarah M. TI Water Velocity Tolerance in Tadpoles of the Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii): Swimming Performance, Growth, and Survival SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID NATURAL FLOW REGIMES; FINE SEDIMENT; ANURAN LARVAE; METAMORPHOSIS; MANAGEMENT; STREAMS; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; SIZE; REPRODUCTION AB We explored the effects of large magnitude flow fluctuations in rivers with dams, commonly referred to as pulsed flows, on tadpoles of the lotic-breeding Foothill Yellow-legged Frog, Rana boylii. We quantified the velocity conditions in habitats occupied by tadpoles and then conducted experiments to assess the tolerance to values at the upper limit of, and outside, the natural range. In laboratory flumes and field enclosures we mimicked the velocities observed during pulsed flows. In all experimental venues, the behavioral response of tadpoles was to seek refuge in the channel substrate when velocity increased. In a large laboratory flume, tadpoles moved freely at low water velocities (0-2 cm.s(-1)) and then sheltered among rocks when velocity increased. In a smaller scale laboratory flume, the median critical velocity was 20.1 cm.s(-1). Critical velocity varied inversely with tadpole size, developmental stage, and proportion of time spent swimming. Velocities as low as 10 cm.s(-1) caused tadpoles approaching metamorphosis to be displaced. In field mesocosm experiments, tadpoles exposed to repeated sub-critical velocity stress (5-10 cm.s(-1)) grew significantly less and experienced greater predation than tadpoles reared at ambient velocities. Responses to velocity manipulations were consistent among tadpoles from geographically distinct populations representing the three identified clades within R. boylii. The velocities associated with negative effects in these trials are less than typical velocity increases in near shore habitats when recreational flows for white water boating or peaking releases for hydroelectric power generation occur. C1 [Kupferberg, Sarah J.] Questa Engn, Pt Richmond, CA 94807 USA. [Kupferberg, Sarah J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lind, Amy J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Thill, Vanessa] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Yarnell, Sarah M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kupferberg, SJ (reprint author), Questa Engn, POB 70356,1220 Brickyard Cove Rd,Suite 206, Pt Richmond, CA 94807 USA. EM skupferberg@gmail.com; alind@fs.fed.us; vsthill@gmail.com; smyarnell@ucdavis.edu FU California Energy Commission; Division of Water Rights of the State Water Resources Control Board through Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of UC Davis FX B. Harvey, G. Hodgson, R. Nakamoto, and C. Wheeler provided essential support at the USES Redwood Sciences Lab artificial stream. J. Cech graciously loaned use of the Brett Chamber at UC Davis and D. Cocherel provided essential support. We thank: the East Bay Regional Park District and its staff, particularly S. Bobzien; the UC Natural Reserve System for the use of the Angelo Coast Range Reserve and P. Steele's assistance; L. Fraser and W. Palen for field help; and R. Wassersug for comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission and the Division of Water Rights of the State Water Resources Control Board through the Pulsed Flow Program of the Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of UC Davis. The work was approved by the UC Davis Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #06-12357) and the California Department of Fish and Game (Permits #SC-8820 and #SC-001608). NR 80 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR 14 PY 2011 IS 1 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1643/CH-10-035 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 741UA UT WOS:000288889400016 ER PT J AU Paoletti, DJ Olson, DH Blaustein, AR AF Paoletti, David J. Olson, Deanna H. Blaustein, Andrew R. TI Responses of Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii) Larvae to an Introduced Predator SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL CUES; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; NONNATIVE FISH; CALIFORNIA; TADPOLES; SALAMANDERS; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTIONS; REMOVAL; DIET AB The consequences of species introductions into non-native habitats are a major cause for concern in the U.S. Of particular interest are the effects of predation by introduced fishes on native amphibian communities. We sought to determine whether Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii) larvae could recognize non-native Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) as a predatory threat. Through a series of laboratory experiments, we examined the initial and overall behavioral responses of larvae to native predators (Rough-skinned newts, Taricha granulosa), introduced predators (M. dolomieu), and native non-predatory fish (Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus). Each experiment examined a different potential mode of detection including chemical cues; visual cues; or a combination of chemical, visual, and mechanical cues. Initially, larvae of R. boylii responded with an increase in activity levels when exposed to visual cues of M. dolomieu. Analyses of overall responses suggested that individual larvae of R. boylii require multiple cues to facilitate predator detection. When exposed to multiple cues of their native predator, larvae responded with a significant reduction in activity levels. Those larvae exposed to cues of the non-native predator displayed similar behaviors relative to control cues. Consequently, larvae of R. boylii appear to be especially vulnerable to predation by non-native M. dolomieu. C1 [Paoletti, David J.; Blaustein, Andrew R.] Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Blaustein, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM paolettd@onid.orst.edu; dedeolson@fs.fed.us; blaustea@science.oregonstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Corvallis, Oregon); Oregon State University FX We would like to thank D. Simon, D. Markle, C. Rombough, G. Weaver, C. Baldwin, M. Kluber, and T. Garcia for their assistance. Financial support for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Corvallis, Oregon), and Oregon State University. These experiments comply with the current laws of the United States and with Oregon State University animal care regulations (ACUP #3732). Animals were collected according to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife regulations (permit #068-08 and permit #OR2008-4516). NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR 14 PY 2011 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1643/CE-09-170 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 741UA UT WOS:000288889400018 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Ducey, MJ Fast, A Martin, ME Lepine, L Smith, ML Lee, TD Dubayah, RO Hofton, MA Hyde, P Peterson, BE Blair, JB AF Anderson, Jeanne E. Ducey, Mark J. Fast, Andrew Martin, Mary E. Lepine, Lucie Smith, Marie-Louise Lee, Thomas D. Dubayah, Ralph O. Hofton, Michelle A. Hyde, Peter Peterson, Birgit E. Blair, J. Bryan TI Use of waveform lidar and hyperspectral sensors to assess selected spatial and structural patterns associated with recent and repeat disturbance and the abundance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in a temperate mixed hardwood and conifer forest SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE lidar; hyperspectral; ice storm; tree mortality; stem volume losses; Acer saccharum ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; ICE STORM; CATASTROPHIC WIND; CANOPY STRUCTURE; LASER ALTIMETER; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; VEGETATION; HURRICANE AB Waveform lidar imagery was acquired on September 26, 1999 over the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) in New Hampshire (USA) using NASA's Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS). This flight occurred 20 months after an ice storm damaged millions of hectares of forestland in northeastern North America. Lidar measurements of the amplitude and intensity of ground energy returns appeared to readily detect areas of moderate to severe ice storm damage associated with the worst damage. Southern through eastern aspects on side slopes were particularly susceptible to higher levels of damage, in large part overlapping tracts of forest that had suffered the highest levels of wind damage from the 1938 hurricane and containing the highest levels of sugar maple basal area and biomass. The levels of sugar maple abundance were determined through analysis of the 1997 Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) high resolution spectral imagery and inventory of USFS Northern Research Station field plots. We found a relationship between field measurements of stem volume losses and the LVIS metric of mean canopy height (r(2) = 0.66; root mean square errors = 5.7 m(3)/ha, p < 0.0001) in areas that had been subjected to moderate-to-severe ice storm damage, accurately documenting the short-term outcome of a single disturbance event. C (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3554639] C1 [Anderson, Jeanne E.; Martin, Mary E.; Lepine, Lucie] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ducey, Mark J.; Lee, Thomas D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Smith, Marie-Louise] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Dubayah, Ralph O.; Hofton, Michelle A.; Hyde, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Peterson, Birgit E.] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Blair, J. Bryan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jeanne.anderson@alumni.unh.edu; mark.ducey@unh.edu; afast@ceunh.unh.edu; mary.martin@unh.edu; lucie.lepine@unh.edu; marielouisesmith@fs.fed.us; tom.lee@unh.edu; dubayah@umd.edu; mhofton@umd.edu; bpeterson@usgs.gov; james.b.blair@nasa.gov RI Khachadourian, Diana/C-8513-2012; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016; OI Lepine, Lucie/0000-0003-1028-2534 FU University of Maryland, College Park; NASA [NGT5-ESSF/03-0000-0026]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003-35101-13646]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Northern Research Station FX Lidar data were acquired through the LVIS team in the Laser Remote Sensing Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with support from the University of Maryland, College Park. This research was also funded in part through a NASA Space Grant to the University of New Hampshire, a Switzer Environmental Fellowship, and an Earth System Science Fellowship to the first author (NASA NGT5-ESSF/03-0000-0026). This project was also supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant No. 2003-35101-13646 (Efficient Methods of Sampling Coarse Woody Debris) to Mark J. Ducey. Portions of this research are based upon data generated in long-term research studies on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 11 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 053504 DI 10.1117/1.3554639 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 734VH UT WOS:000288367600002 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JC Tarara, JM Mills, LJ Grove, GG Keller, M AF Ferguson, John C. Tarara, Julie M. Mills, Lynn J. Grove, Gary G. Keller, Markus TI Dynamic thermal time model of cold hardiness for dormant grapevine buds SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cold hardiness; cold injury; differential thermal analysis; discrete model; grapevine; low-temperature exotherm; Vitis labruscana; Vitis vinifera ID VITIS-VINIFERA L; WINTER TEMPERATURES; FLOWER BUDS; DEACCLIMATION; PHOTOPERIOD; RESISTANCE; SEEDLINGS; BUDBREAK; CLIMATE; CONCORD AB Background and Aims Grapevine (Vitis spp.) cold hardiness varies dynamically throughout the dormant season, primarily in response to changes in temperature. The development and possible uses of a discrete-dynamic model of bud cold hardiness for three Vitis genotypes are described. Methods Iterative methods were used to optimize and evaluate model parameters by minimizing the root mean square error between observed and predicted bud hardiness, using up to 22 years of low-temperature exotherm data. Three grape cultivars were studied: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay (both V. vinifera) and Concord (V. labruscana). The model uses time steps of 1 d along with the measured daily mean air temperature to calculate the change in bud hardiness, which is then added to the hardiness from the previous day. Cultivar-dependent thermal time thresholds determine whether buds acclimate (gain hardiness) or deacclimate (lose hardiness). Key Results The parameterized model predicted bud hardiness for Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay with an r(2) = 0.89 and for Concord with an r(2) = 0.82. Thermal time thresholds and (de-)acclimation rates changed between the early and late dormant season and were cultivar dependent but independent of each other. The timing of these changes was also unique for each cultivar. Concord achieved the greatest mid-winter hardiness but had the highest deacclimation rate, which resulted in rapid loss of hardiness in spring. Cabernet Sauvignon was least hardy, yet maintained its hardiness latest as a result of late transition to eco-dormancy, a high threshold temperature required to induce deacclimation and a low deacclimation rate. Conclusions A robust model of grapevine bud cold hardiness was developed that will aid in the anticipation of and response to potential injury from fluctuations in winter temperature and from extreme cold events. The model parameters that produce the best fit also permit insight into dynamic differences in hardiness among genotypes. C1 [Ferguson, John C.; Mills, Lynn J.; Keller, Markus] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Tarara, Julie M.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Grove, Gary G.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM mkeller@wsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture Viticulture Consortium (West); Washington State University Agricultural Research Center, WSU Extension FX This work was supported by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture Viticulture Consortium (West) and by funds from the Washington State University Agricultural Research Center, WSU Extension and the Chateau Ste. Michelle Distinguished Professorship in Viticulture. We thank C. Longoria for technical support and G. Reisenauer for statistical advice. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 EI 1095-8290 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR 11 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 3 SI SI BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1093/aob/mcq263 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 726TR UT WOS:000287749600006 PM 21212090 ER PT J AU Vaughan, MM Tholl, D Tokuhisa, JG AF Vaughan, Martha M. Tholl, Dorothea Tokuhisa, James G. TI An aeroponic culture system for the study of root herbivory on Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT METHODS LA English DT Article ID BELOW-GROUND HERBIVORY; PLANT DEFENSE; FUNGUS GNATS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; COPROPHILA DIPTERA; INDUCED RESPONSES; BRADYSIA; SCIARIDAE; TOLERANCE; DIVERSITY AB Background: Plant defense against herbivory has been studied primarily in aerial tissues. However, complex defense mechanisms have evolved in all parts of the plant to combat herbivore attack and these mechanisms are likely to differ in the aerial and subterranean environment. Research investigating defense responses belowground has been hindered by experimental difficulties associated with the accessibility and quality of root tissue and the lack of bioassays using model plants with altered defense profiles. Results: We have developed an aeroponic culture system based on a calcined clay substrate that allows insect herbivores to feed on plant roots while providing easy recovery of the root tissue. The culture method was validated by a root-herbivore system developed for Arabidopsis thaliana and the herbivore Bradysia spp. (fungus gnat). Arabidopsis root mass obtained from aeroponically grown plants was comparable to that from other culture systems, and the plants were morphologically normal. Bradysia larvae caused considerable root damage resulting in reduced root biomass and water absorption. After feeding on the aeroponically grown root tissue, the larvae pupated and emerged as adults. Root damage of mature plants cultivated in aeroponic substrate was compared to that of Arabidopsis seedlings grown in potting mix. Seedlings were notably more susceptible to Bradysia feeding than mature plants and showed decreased overall growth and survival rates. Conclusions: A root-herbivore system consisting of Arabidopsis thaliana and larvae of the opportunistic herbivore Bradysia spp. has been established that mimics herbivory in the rhizosphere. Bradysia infestation of Arabidopsis grown in this culture system significantly affects plant performance. The culture method will allow simple profiling and in vivo functional analysis of root defenses such as chemical defense metabolites that are released in response to belowground insect attack. C1 [Vaughan, Martha M.; Tholl, Dorothea] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tokuhisa, James G.] Virginia Tech, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Vaughan, Martha M.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Tholl, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tholl@vt.edu RI Tokuhisa, James/B-5664-2008 OI Tokuhisa, James/0000-0002-3834-5149 FU National Science Foundation; Thomas and Kate Jeffress Memorial Trust [J-850, J-871] FX We thank Ashley Spencer for maintaining plant cultures. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation AdvanceVT research seed grant and by the Thomas and Kate Jeffress Memorial Trust grants (J-850) (to DT) and (J-871) (to JGT). NR 36 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 36 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-4811 J9 PLANT METHODS JI Plant Methods PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 7 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1746-4811-7-5 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 740SY UT WOS:000288815900001 PM 21392399 ER PT J AU DePaolo, RW Abadie, V Tang, F Fehlner-Peach, H Hall, JA Wang, W Marietta, EV Kasarda, DD Waldmann, TA Murray, JA Semrad, C Kupfer, SS Belkaid, Y Guandalini, S Jabri, B AF DePaolo, R. W. Abadie, V. Tang, F. Fehlner-Peach, H. Hall, J. A. Wang, W. Marietta, E. V. Kasarda, D. D. Waldmann, T. A. Murray, J. A. Semrad, C. Kupfer, S. S. Belkaid, Y. Guandalini, S. Jabri, B. TI Co-adjuvant effects of retinoic acid and IL-15 induce inflammatory immunity to dietary antigens SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CELIAC-DISEASE; BOWEL-DISEASE; GLUTEN SENSITIVITY; TRANSGENIC MICE; ORAL TOLERANCE; TGF-BETA; CLASS-I; DIFFERENTIATION AB Under physiological conditions the gut-associated lymphoid tissues not only prevent the induction of a local inflammatory immune response, but also induce systemic tolerance to fed antigens(1,2). A notable exception is coeliac disease, where genetically susceptible individuals expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules develop inflammatory T-cell and antibody responses against dietary gluten, a protein present in wheat(3). The mechanisms underlying this dysregulated mucosal immune response to a soluble antigen have not been identified. Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to have a critical role in the induction of intestinal regulatory responses(4-6). Here we find in mice that in conjunction with IL-15, a cytokine greatly upregulated in the gut of coeliac disease patients(3,7), retinoic acid rapidly activates dendritic cells to induce JNK (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylation and release the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12p70 and IL-23. As a result, in a stressed intestinal environment, retinoic acid acted as an adjuvant that promoted rather than prevented inflammatory cellular and humoral responses to fed antigen. Altogether, these findings reveal an unexpected role for retinoic acid and IL-15 in the abrogation of tolerance to dietary antigens. C1 [DePaolo, R. W.; Abadie, V.; Tang, F.; Fehlner-Peach, H.; Wang, W.; Semrad, C.; Kupfer, S. S.; Jabri, B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hall, J. A.; Belkaid, Y.] NIAID, Mucosal Immunol Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hall, J. A.] Univ Penn, Immunol Grad Grp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Marietta, E. V.] Mayo Clin, Dept Dermatol, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Marietta, E. V.] Mayo Clin, Dept Immunol, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Kasarda, D. D.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Waldmann, T. A.] NCI, Metab Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Murray, J. A.] Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Guandalini, S.; Jabri, B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jabri, B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Jabri, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM bjabri@bsd.uchicago.edu RI Guandalini, Stefano/G-8084-2011; OI DePaolo, William/0000-0002-3880-4544; murray, joseph/0000-0003-1941-9090 FU Digestive Disease Research Core Center at the University of Chicago [DK42086, R01 DK67180, R01DK71003]; Crohn's and Colitis Foundation; University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center FX We thank coeliac disease patients and their family members as well as the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center for supporting our research. We thank B. Sally, L. M. Sollid and M. Musch for critical reading of the manuscript. We thank C. Ciszewski, B. Uzunparmak, and N. Grandison for their help with the collection and analysis of human biopsies. We thank M. Constantinides for technical assistance with mice breeding. We also thank the University of Chicago flow cytometry facility for technical assistance. Dd-IL-15 transgenic mice were a gift from M. Caligiuri. RAR alpha-deficient mice were provided by P. Chambon and C. Benoist. This work was supported by the Digestive Disease Research Core Center at the University of Chicago (DK42086), R01 DK67180 (for B.J.), R01DK71003 (for J.A.M.), and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation (for V.A.). NR 37 TC 182 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 471 IS 7337 BP 220 EP U110 DI 10.1038/nature09849 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732FK UT WOS:000288170200038 PM 21307853 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH AF Tunick, Michael H. TI Food Texture Analysis in the 21st Century SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE texture; fracture; acoustics; physiology; microstructure ID SENSORY PERCEPTION; SPECIAL-ISSUE; FRACTURE; MASTICATION; MICROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; CRISPNESS; EMISSION; RHEOLOGY; SCIENCE AB Food texture encompasses physical characteristics perceived by the senses. Research in this area must be multidisciplinary in nature, accounting for fracture of food, sounds it makes during biting and chewing, its microstructure, muscle movements during mastication, swallowing, and acceptability. Food texture thus encompasses chemistry, physics, physiology, and psychology. This brief review of the field covers the areas of recent research in food texture and specifies where further understanding is needed. C1 [Tunick, Michael H.] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1477 EP 1480 DI 10.1021/jf1021994 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400001 PM 20593784 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH AF Tunick, Michael H. TI Small-Strain Dynamic Rheology of Food Protein Networks SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE protein; rheology; small-amplitude oscillatory shear ID GEL POINT; CROSS-LINKING; POLYMER GELS; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE; WHEY AB Small-amplitude oscillatory shear analyses of samples containing protein are useful for determining the nature of the protein matrix without damaging it. G' (elastic or storage modulus), G '' (viscous or loss modulus), and tan delta (loss tangent, the ratio of G '' to G') give information on the properties of the network Strain, frequency, time, and temperature sweeps provide information on the linear viscoelastic region, structural assembly, and thermal characteristics. The gelation point may be determined by locating the time at which tan delta is independent of frequency or the temperature at which G' becomes greater than G ''. The logarithm of eta* (complex viscosity) may be plotted against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature, with the slope being proportional to the activation energy. Dynamic tests of protein-containing samples reveal a great deal about their rheological characteristics. C1 [Tunick, Michael H.] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1481 EP 1486 DI 10.1021/jf1016237 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400002 PM 20604509 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, KeShun TI Chemical Composition of Distillers Grains, a Review SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Distillers grains; DDGS; chemical composition; mycotoxins; ethanol; renewable fuel; biofuel; coproduct; dry-grind; corn; yeast ID GRIND ETHANOL PROCESS; NATURALLY CONTAMINATED CORN; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; DRIED GRAINS; SOLUBLES DDGS; FUEL ETHANOL; GROWING PIGS; GROUND CORN; BY-PRODUCTS AB In recent years, increasing demand for ethanol as a fuel additive and decreasing dependency on fossil fuels have resulted in a dramatic increase in the amount of grains used for ethanol production. Dry-grind is the major process, resulting in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as a major coproduct. Like fuel ethanol, DDGS has quickly become a global commodity. However, high compositional variation has been the main problem hindering its use as a feed ingredient. This review provides updated information on the chemical composition of distillers grains in terms of nutrient levels, changes during dry-grind processing, and causes for large variation. The occurrence in grain feedstock and the fate of mycotoxins during processing are also covered. During processing, starch is converted to glucose and then to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Most other components are relatively unchanged but concentrated in DDGS about 3-fold over the original feedstock. Mycotoxins, if present in the original feedstock, are also concentrated. Higher fold of increases in S, Na, and Ca are mostly due to exogenous addition during processing, whereas unusual changes in inorganic phosphorus (P) and phytate P indicate phytate hydrolysis by yeast phytase. Fermentation causes major changes, but other processing steps are also responsible. The causes for varying DDGS composition are multiple, including differences in feedstock species and composition, process methods and parameters, the amount of condensed solubles added to distiller wet grains, the effect of fermentation yeast, and analytical methodology. Most of them can be attributed to the complexity of the, dry-grind process itself. It is hoped that information provided in this review will improve the understanding of the dry-grind process and aid in the development of strategies to control the compositional variation in DDGS. C1 [Liu, KeShun] ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 112 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 12 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1508 EP 1526 DI 10.1021/jf103512z PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400006 PM 21299215 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, Marjorie B. TI Simple and Rapid Method for the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Beverages and Grains SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Total phenols; polyphenols; diazonium; Fast Blue BB; Folin-Ciocalteu; beverages; tea; grains ID LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; SORGHUM GRAIN; ANTIOXIDANTS; EXCRETION; PROTEIN; ZERANOL; PLASMA; TANNIN AB A new method for the detection of phenolics in food systems was developed. This method is based on interactions of phenolics with Fast Blue BB diazonium salt in alkali pH, forming azo complexes, with the absorbance measured at 420 nm after 60 min. The linear regression correlations (R(2)) of gallic acid calibration standards were > 0.99. The phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent) of samples analyzed yielded higher ratios (1.7-6.6) of the total phenolics by Fast Blue BB to Folin-Ciocalteu methods in most beverages and grain samples, but in flaxseed and some juice blends, the ratios were < 1. The lower ratios suggest the presence of non-phenolic reducing constituents measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu method as "total phenolics". This method is simple and inexpensive and can be used to rapidly assess the total phenolics of foods and beverages. C1 [Medina, Marjorie B.] ARS, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), ARS, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marjorie.medina@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1565 EP 1571 DI 10.1021/jf103711c PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400011 PM 21309564 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Taylor, JB AF Smith, David J. Taylor, Joshua B. TI Chlorate Analyses in Matrices of Animal Origin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorate; chromatography; gastrointestinal tract; method; milk; serum; urine; feces; mass spectrometry ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; TOTAL RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SODIUM-CHLORATE; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; BEEF-CATTLE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; PARENT CHLORATE; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Sodium chlorate is being developed as a potential food-safety tool for use in the livestock industry because of its effectiveness in decreasing concentrations of certain Gram-negative pathogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals. A number of studies with sodium chlorate in animals have demonstrated that concentrations of chlorate in meat, milk, wastes, and gastrointestinal contents range from parts per billion to parts per thousand, depending upon chlorate dose, matrix, and time lapse after dosing. Although a number of analytical methods exist for chlorate salts, very few were developed for use in animal-derived matrices, and none have anticipated the range of chlorate concentrations that have been observed in animal wastes and products. To meet the analytical needs of this development work, LC-MS, ion chromatographic, and colorimetric methods were developed to measure chlorate residues in a variety of matrices. The LC-MS method utilizes a (ClO3-)-O-18 internal standard, is applicable to a variety of Matrices, and provides quantitative assessment of samples from 0.050 to 2.5 ppm. Due to ion suppression, matrix-matched standard curves are appropriate when using LC-MS to measure chlorate in animal-derived matrices. A colorimetric assay based on the acid-catalyzed oxidation of o-tolidine proved valuable for measuring >= 20 ppm quantities of chlorate in blood serum and milk, but not urine, samples. Ion chromatography was useful for measuring chlorate residues in urine and in feces when chlorate concentrations exceeded 100 ppm, but no effort was made to maximize ion chromatographic sensitivity. Collectively, these methods offer the utility of measuring chlorate in a variety of animal-derived matrices over a wide range of chlorate concentrations. C1 [Smith, David J.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Taylor, Joshua B.] ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1598 EP 1606 DI 10.1021/jf1044684 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400016 PM 21299218 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Khan, SI Tabanca, N Wedge, DE Manly, SP Cutler, SJ Coy, MR Becnel, JJ Neff, SA Gloer, JB AF Sobolev, Victor S. Khan, Shabana I. Tabanca, Nurhayat Wedge, David E. Manly, Susan P. Cutler, Stephen J. Coy, Monique R. Becnel, James J. Neff, Scott A. Gloer, James B. TI Biological Activity of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Phytoalexins and Selected Natural and Synthetic Stilbenoids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; peanuts; groundnuts; stilbenoids; resveratrol; phytoalexins; biological activity; antifungal; antitumor; anticancer; cytotoxic; antioxidant; anti-inflamatory; opioid receptor; adult mosquito; mosquito larvae ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; RESVERATROL; ANTIOXIDANT; CELLS; PURIFICATION; MACROPHAGES; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION; CANCER AB The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.), when infected by a microbial pathogen, is capable of producing stilbene-derived compounds that are considered antifimgal phytoalexins. In addition, the potential health benefits of other stilbenoids from peanuts, including resveratrol and pterostilbene, have been acknowledged by several investigators. Despite considerable progress in peanut research, relatively little is known about the biological activity of the stilbenoid phytoalexins. This study investigated the activities of some of these compounds in a broad spectrum of biological assays. Since peanut stilbenoids appear to play roles in plant defense mechanisms, they were evaluated for their effects on economically important plant pathogenic fungi of the genera Colletotrichutn, Bottytis, Fusarium, and Phomopsis. We further investigated these peanut phytoalexins, together with some related natural and synthetic stilbenoids (a total of 24 compounds) in a panel of bioassays to determine their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities in mammalian cells. Several of these compounds were also evaluated as mammalian opioid receptor competitive antagonists. Assays for adult mosquito and larvae toxicity were also performed. The results of these studies reveal that peanut stilbenoids, as well as related natural and synthetic stilbene derivatives, display a diverse range of biological activities. C1 [Sobolev, Victor S.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Khan, Shabana I.; Manly, Susan P.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Cutler, Stephen J.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Coy, Monique R.; Becnel, James J.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Neff, Scott A.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM victor.sobolev@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0718315]; Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP); U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB); National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR021929]; USDA, ARS, NPURU FX We express our gratitude for USDA, ARS, NPURU financial support. Support for the University of Iowa group from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0718315) is gratefully appreciated. Part of this study was supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program and the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). One of the projects was also supported by Grant Number 5P20RR021929 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1682 DI 10.1021/jf104742n PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400026 PM 21314127 ER PT J AU Ullah, AH Sethumadhavan, K Mullaney, EJ AF Ullah, Abul H. Sethumadhavan, Kandan Mullaney, Edward J. TI Vanadate Inhibition of Fungal PhyA and Bacterial AppA2 Histidine Acid Phosphatases SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE histidine acid phosphatase; fungal; bacterial; PhyA phytase; AppA2 phytase; vanadate ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER PHYA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; NRRL 3135; PHYTASE; PERFORMANCE; PEROXIDASES; ENZYME; FICUUM AB The fungal PhyA protein, which was first identified as an acid optimum phosphomonoesterase (EC 3.1.3.8), could also serve as a vanadate haloperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.10) provided the acid phosphatase activity is shut down by vanadate. To understand how vanadate inhibits both phytate and pNPP degrading activities of fungal PhyA phytase and bacterial AppA2 phytase, kinetic experiments were performed in the presence and absence of orthovanadate and metavanadate under various acidic pHs. Orthovanadate was found to be a potent inhibitor at pH 2.5 to 3.0. A 50% activity of fungal phytase was inhibited at 0.56 mu M by orthovanadate. However, metavanadate preferentially inhibited the bacterial AppA2 phytase (50% inhibition at 8 mu M) over the fungal phytase (50% inhibition at 40 mu M). While in bacterial phytase the Km was not affected by ortho-or metavanadate, the V-max was reduced. In fungal phytase, both the K-m and V-max was lowered. The vanadate exists as an anion at pH 3.0 and possibly binds to the active center of phytases that has a cluster of positively charged Arg, Lys, and His residues below the enzymes' isoelectric point (p1). The active site fold of haloperoxidase was shown to be very similar to fungal phytase. The vanadate anions binding to cationic residues in the active site at acidic pH thus serve as a molecular switch to turn off phytase activity while turning on the halopercuddase activity. The fungal PhyA phytase's active site housing two distinct reactive centers, one for phosphomonoesterase and the other for haloperoxidase, is a unique example of how one protein could catalyze two dissimilar reactions controlled by vanadate. C1 [Ullah, Abul H.; Sethumadhavan, Kandan; Mullaney, Edward J.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ullah, AH (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM abul.ullah@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1739 EP 1743 DI 10.1021/jf103783g PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400034 PM 21294512 ER PT J AU Faber, TA Bauer, LL Price, NP Hopkins, AC Fahey, GC AF Faber, Trevor A. Bauer, L. L. Price, Neil P. Hopkins, Anne C. Fahey, George C., Jr. TI In Vitro Digestion and Fermentation Characteristics of Temulose Molasses, a Coproduct of Fiberboard Production, and Select Temulose Fractions Using Canine Fecal Inoculum SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE In vitro fermentation; Temulose molasses; degree of polymerization; prebiotic; short-chain fatty acids ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; BACTERIA; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES; MICROFLORA; PCR; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROLYSIS; APPARENT; FRUCTANS AB It is of interest to discover new fermentable carbohydrate sources that function as prebiotics. This study evaluated the hydrolytic digestibility, fermentative capacity, and microbiota modulating properties of Temulose molasses, four hydrolyzed fractions of Temulose molasses, short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), and a yeast cell wall preparation (Safmannan). These substrates resisted in vitro hydrolytic digestion. Each substrate was fermented in vitro using dog fecal inoculum, and fermentation characteristics were quantified at 0 and 12 h. All Temulose molasses substrates decreased pH by at least 0.64 unit and resulted in greater (P < 0.05) butyrate and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production compared to scFOS and Safmannan. Temulose molasses substrates resulted in higher (P < 0.01) or equal Bifidobacterium spp. concentrations compared to scFOS. Temulose molasses substrate and its fractions demonstrated prebiotic characteristics as indicated by low hydrolytic digestibility, high fermentability, and enhanced growth of microbiota considered to be beneficial to health. C1 [Fahey, George C., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Price, Neil P.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hopkins, Anne C.] Temple Inland, Diboll, TX 75941 USA. RP Fahey, GC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 132 Anim Sci Lab,1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gcfahey@illinois.edu NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1847 EP 1853 DI 10.1021/jf103737y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400047 PM 21288027 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ Hartman, TM Faber, TA Vermillion, KE Fahey, GC AF Price, Neil P. J. Hartman, Trina M. Faber, Trevor A. Vermillion, Karl E. Fahey, George C., Jr. TI Galactoglucomannan Oligosaccharides (GGMO) from a Molasses Byproduct of Pine (Pinus taeda) Fiberboard Production SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Oligosaccharide; galactoglucomannose; carbohydrate analysis ID SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; WOOD CELLULOSE; ACETYLATED GALACTOGLUCOMANNAN; THERMOMECHANICAL PULP; ACID-HYDROLYSIS; WESTERN HEMLOCK; NORWAY SPRUCE; CELL-WALL; L. KARST; POLYSACCHARIDES AB "Temulose" is the trade name for a water-soluble molasses produced on a large scale (300-400 tonnes per year) as a byproduct of the fiberboard industry. The feedstock for Temulose is predominantly a single species of pine (Pinus taeda) grown and harvested in stands in southeastern Texas. Because of the method of production, the molasses was predicted to consist of water-soluble hemicelluloses, mainly arabinoxylan-type and galactoglucomannan-type oligosaccharides, plus minor components of lignin, but no detailed structural study had been reported. The structure and composition of the molasses has now been deduced by a combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, proton and (13)C NMR techniques, and classic carbohydrate analysis. Limited acid hydrolysis released a series of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMO) that were selectively recovered from the acid-labile arabinogalactan by precipitation with ethanol. The precipitate was named "Temulose brown sugar" because of its appearance, and is shown to consist of GGMO with a degree of polymerization (DP) from 4 to 13, with the major component being DP 5-8. The structure of these oligosaccharides is a beta-1,4-linked backbone of Man and Glc residues, with occasional alpha-1,6 branching by single galactosyl units. C1 [Price, Neil P. J.; Hartman, Trina M.; Vermillion, Karl E.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Faber, Trevor A.; Fahey, George C., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Anim Sci Lab 132, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM neil.price@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1854 EP 1861 DI 10.1021/jf1037097 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400048 PM 21288026 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Biresaw, G AF Liu, Zengshe Biresaw, Girma TI Synthesis of Soybean Oil-Based Polymeric Surfactants in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Investigation of Their Surface Properties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polymeric surfactants; soybean oil; supercritical carbon dioxide; surface tension; interfacial tension ID RENEWABLE RESOURCES; CHEMISTRY; SOLVENTS; FLUIDS AB This paper reports the preparation of polymeric surfactants (HPSO) via a two-step synthetic procedure: polymerization of soybean oil (PSO) in supercritical carbon dioxide followed by hydrolysis of PSO (HPSO) with a base. HPSO was characterized and identified by using a combination of FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and GPC methods. The effects of HPSO polysoaps on the surface tension of water and interfacial tension of water-hexadecane were investigated as a function of concentration of HPSO and counterion chemistry. HPSO polysoaps were effective at lowering the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension of water-hexadecane. They displayed minimum values of surface tension in the range of 20.5-39.6 dyn/cm at a concentration range of 3.2-32 mu M and minimum values of interfacial tension in the range of 15.6-31.44 dyn/cm. The minimum surface and interfacial tension values were highly dependent on the nature of the counterion and increased in the order K(+) < Na(+) < TEA(+). These results suggested that a very low concentration of surfactant can be used to reduce the surface tension of water and interfacial tension of water-hexadecane. Water-hexadecane interfacial energy was also calculated from measured surface tension data using Antonoff, harmonic mean (HM), and geometric mean (GM) methods. Measured values agreed well with those calculated using the HM and GM. The HM method predicted slightly higher values than the GM method, but the Antonoff method did not agree with measured values. C1 [Liu, Zengshe; Biresaw, Girma] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZS (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kevin.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1909 EP 1917 DI 10.1021/jf1035614 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 727TI UT WOS:000287824400054 PM 21314120 ER PT J AU Serrat-Capdevila, A Scott, RL Shuttleworth, WJ Valdes, JB AF Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix Scott, Russell L. Shuttleworth, W. James Valdes, Juan B. TI Estimating evapotranspiration under warmer climates: Insights from a semi-arid riparian system SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Actual evapotranspiration; Climate change; Growing season; Surface resistance; Riparian ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROWING-SEASON; WATER; EVAPORATION; ECOSYSTEM; BASIN; HYDROLOGY; PHENOLOGY; WOODLAND AB This paper presents an approach to quantify evapotranspiration under changing climates, using field observations, theoretical evaporation models and meteorological predictions from global climate models. We analyzed evaporation and meteorological data from three riparian sites located in a semi-arid watershed in southern Arizona USA and found that the surface resistance to water vapor transport was closely related to the vapor pressure deficit. From this, we developed a relatively simple daily conductance model and included a growing season index to accurately replicate the onset and the end of the growing season. After the model was calibrated with observations from January 2003 to December 2007, it was used to predict daily evapotranspiration rates from 2000 to 2100 using Penman-Monteith equation and meteorological projections from the IPCC fourth assessment report climate model runs. Results indicate that atmospheric demand will be greater and lead to increased reference crop evaporation, but evapotranspiration rates at the studied field sites will remain largely unchanged due to stomatal regulation. However, the length of the growing season will increase leading to a greater annual riparian water use. These findings of increased riparian water use and atmospheric demand, likely affecting recharge processes, will lead to greater groundwater deficits and decreased streamflow and have important implications for water management in semi-arid regions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix; Shuttleworth, W. James; Valdes, Juan B.] Univ Arizona, Sustainabil Semi Arid Reg & Riparian Hydrol SAHRA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Valdes, Juan B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix; Shuttleworth, W. James; Valdes, Juan B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Shuttleworth, W. James] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Joint Ctr Hydrometeorol Res, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. RP Serrat-Capdevila, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sustainabil Semi Arid Reg & Riparian Hydrol SAHRA, POB 210158-B, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aleix@email.arizona.edu RI Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix/O-6227-2014 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800, DEB-0415977]; International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management FX This work was supported by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800 and NSF award DEB-0415977, and by the International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management. Prafulla Pokhrel and Hoshin Gupta provided guidance and help in the implementation of the SCE-UA algorithm. Rafael Rosolem helped with calibration and provided valuable insights on the research, as also did James Hogan and Maite Guardiola. All contributions are gratefully acknowledged. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.12.021 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 735LJ UT WOS:000288415700001 ER PT J AU Barron-Gafford, GA Scott, RL Jenerette, GD Huxman, TE AF Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Scott, Russell L. Jenerette, G. Darrel Huxman, Travis E. TI The relative controls of temperature, soil moisture, and plant functional group on soil CO2 efflux at diel, seasonal, and annual scales SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; TEMPORAL VARIATION; AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM; PRECIPITATION PULSES; TREE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION CHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; GAS DIFFUSIVITY AB Soil respiration (R-soil) is a dominant, but variable, contributor to ecosystem CO2 efflux. Understanding how variations in major environmental drivers, like temperature and available moisture, might regulate R-soil has become extremely relevant. Plant functional-type diversity makes such assessments difficult because of the confounding influence of varied plant phenology and influences on soil microhabitats. We used automated measurement systems to quantify R-soil in the three microhabitats (under mesquites, under bunchgrasses, and in intercanopy soils) that result from mesquite encroachment into grasslands to inform our understanding of diel R-soil patterns in response to changes in temperature, seasonal variations in R-soil in response to varied soil moisture and plant phenology, and the contribution of each microhabitat to total ecosystem-scale R-soil. We detected a counterclockwise hysteretic response of R-soil to soil temperature, such that up to 100% greater fluxes were observed in the afternoon/evening than the morning for the same temperature. Phenological differences influenced ecosystem-scale R-soil in that mesquites were physiologically active months before bunchgrasses and R-soil rates under mesquites were greater and elevated longer in response to rains. Cumulative annual R-soil was 412, 229, and 202 g C m(-2) under mesquites, bunchgrasses, and intercanopy spaces, respectively. Extrapolating to the ecosystem-scale using cover estimates within the site's eddy covariance footprint illustrated that average mesquite R-soil contributed 46% to overall ecosystem-scale R-soil, though mesquite composed only about 35% of the site. As grasslands transition to shrub dominance, the contribution of R-soil to net ecosystem flux will likely increase, potentially offsetting presumed greater CO2 uptake potential of woody plants. C1 [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jenerette, G. Darrel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Barron-Gafford, GA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1041 E Lowell St,BSW 310, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gregbg@email.arizona.edu FU Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas; NSF-DEB [04189134, 0414977] FX This work was supported by Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas, and NSF-DEB 04189134 and 0414977 to T. E. H. Additional support was provided by the USDA-ARS and by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, agreement EAR-9876800. The authors thank J. E. Bronstein, D. L. Venable, and anonymous reviewers from JGR-Biogeosciences for providing insightful comments on the manuscript. We also thank A. Tyler, N. Pierce, and R. Bryant for assistance with measurements and equipment maintenance and M. McClaran and M. Heitlinger, who oversee the research carried out within the Santa Rita Experimental Range. NR 97 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G01023 DI 10.1029/2010JG001442 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 734HQ UT WOS:000288325600001 ER PT J AU Ziska, L Knowlton, K Rogers, C Dalan, D Tierney, N Elder, MA Filley, W Shropshire, J Ford, LB Hedberg, C Fleetwood, P Hovanky, KT Kavanaugh, T Fulford, G Vrtis, RF Patz, JA Portnoy, J Coates, F Bielory, L Frenz, D AF Ziska, Lewis Knowlton, Kim Rogers, Christine Dalan, Dan Tierney, Nicole Elder, Mary Ann Filley, Warren Shropshire, Jeanne Ford, Linda B. Hedberg, Curtis Fleetwood, Pamela Hovanky, Kim T. Kavanaugh, Tony Fulford, George Vrtis, Rose F. Patz, Jonathan A. Portnoy, Jay Coates, Frances Bielory, Leonard Frenz, David TI Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aerobiology; allergies; global warming ID AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA L.; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMON RAGWEED; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; AEROALLERGENS; ALLERGY; URBANIZATION; TEMPERATURES; COUNTS AB A fundamental aspect of climate change is the potential shifts in flowering phenology and pollen initiation associated with milder winters and warmer seasonal air temperature. Earlier floral anthesis has been suggested, in turn, to have a role in human disease by increasing time of exposure to pollen that causes allergic rhinitis and related asthma. However, earlier floral initiation does not necessarily alter the temporal duration of the pollen season, and, to date, no consistent continental trend in pollen season length has been demonstrated. Here we report that duration of the ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) pollen season has been increasing in recent decades as a function of latitude in North America. Latitudinal effects on increasing season length were associated primarily with a delay in first frost of the fall season and lengthening of the frost free period. Overall, these data indicate a significant increase in the length of the ragweed pollen season by as much as 13-27 d at latitudes above similar to 44 degrees N since 1995. This is consistent with recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections regarding enhanced warming as a function of latitude. If similar warming trends accompany long-term climate change, greater exposure times to seasonal allergens may occur with subsequent effects on public health. C1 [Ziska, Lewis] ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Knowlton, Kim] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth & Environm Program, Nat Resources Def Council, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Knowlton, Kim] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Rogers, Christine] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Dalan, Dan] Allergy & Asthma Care Ctr, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. [Tierney, Nicole; Elder, Mary Ann] Allergy & Asthma Specialists, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA. [Filley, Warren; Shropshire, Jeanne] Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clin, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Ford, Linda B.] Ctr Asthma & Allergy, Omaha, NE 68123 USA. [Hedberg, Curtis; Fleetwood, Pamela] Hedberg Allergy & Asthma Ctr, Rogers, AR 72758 USA. [Hovanky, Kim T.] Allergy & Asthma Ctr Georgetown, Georgetown, TX 78628 USA. [Kavanaugh, Tony; Fulford, George] Allergy Associates, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. [Vrtis, Rose F.; Patz, Jonathan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vrtis, Rose F.; Patz, Jonathan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Portnoy, Jay] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Childrens Mercy Hosp, Sect Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Coates, Frances] Aerobiol Res Labs, Nepean, ON K2E 7Y5, Canada. [Bielory, Leonard] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Frenz, David] HealthE Care Syst, St Paul, MN 55102 USA. RP Ziska, L (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov RI Rogers, Christine/A-2189-2008; Knowlton, Kim/A-7159-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Rogers, Christine/0000-0003-0887-9606; Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 34 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 56 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 10 BP 4248 EP 4251 DI 10.1073/pnas.1014107108 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 731PA UT WOS:000288120400079 PM 21368130 ER PT J AU Facon, B Hufbauer, RA Tayeh, A Loiseau, A Lombaert, E Vitalis, R Guillemaud, T Lundgren, JG Estoup, A AF Facon, Benoit Hufbauer, Ruth A. Tayeh, Ashraf Loiseau, Anne Lombaert, Eric Vitalis, Renaud Guillemaud, Thomas Lundgren, Jonathan G. Estoup, Arnaud TI Inbreeding Depression Is Purged in the Invasive Insect Harmonia axyridis SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; GENETIC LOAD; DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; HISTORY; BOTTLENECKS; SELECTION; PLANT AB Bottlenecks in population size reduce genetic diversity and increase inbreeding, which can lead to inbreeding depression [1]. It is thus puzzling how introduced species, which typically pass through bottlenecks, become such successful invaders [2]. However, under certain theoretical conditions, bottlenecks of intermediate size can actually purge the alleles that cause inbreeding depression [3]. Although this process has been confirmed in model laboratory systems [4], it has yet to be observed in natural invasive populations. We evaluate whether such purging could facilitate biological invasions by using the world-wide invasion of the ladybird (or ladybug) Harmonia axyridis. We first show that invasive populations endured a bottleneck of intermediate intensity. We then demonstrate that replicate introduced populations experience almost none of the inbreeding depression suffered by native populations. Thus, rather than posing a barrier to invasion as often assumed, bottlenecks, by purging deleterious alleles, can enable the evolution of invaders that maintain high fitness even when inbred. C1 [Facon, Benoit; Vitalis, Renaud] INRA, Ctr Biol Gest Populat, CNRS, UMR, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lombaert, Eric; Guillemaud, Thomas] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, INRA, Lab Interact Biot & Sante Vegetale, CNRS,UMR, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Facon, B (reprint author), INRA, Ctr Biol Gest Populat, CNRS, UMR, Campus Int Baillarguet,CS 30 016, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. EM facon@supagro.inra.fr RI guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012 OI guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644 FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-06-BDIV-008-01]; Agropolis Fondation (RTRA, Montpellier); Fulbright-France; INRA; NSF [NSF DEB-0541673]; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank L. Wolfe and D. Bourguet for comments and discussion on an earlier draft. We thank I. Goryacheva, I. Zakharov, N. Osawa, R. Stals, and G. Prinsloo, who provided us with some of the HA samples used in this study. This work was supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-BDIV-008-01) and from the Agropolis Fondation (RTRA, Montpellier, BIOFIS project). R.A.H. received support from Fulbright-France, INRA, NSF DEB-0541673 and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station during this work. NR 27 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 7 U2 94 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.068 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 733XX UT WOS:000288298900025 PM 21333536 ER PT J AU Dixit, VD Yang, H Sayeed, KS Stote, KS Rumpler, WV Baer, DJ Longo, DL Mattson, MP Taub, DD AF Dixit, Vishwa Deep Yang, Hyunwon Sayeed, Khaleel S. Stote, Kim S. Rumpler, William V. Baer, David J. Longo, Dan L. Mattson, Mark P. Taub, Dennis D. TI Controlled meal frequency without caloric restriction alters peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production SO JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; DIETARY RESTRICTION; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; NORMAL-WEIGHT; RATS; AGE; INFLAMMATION AB Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) improves healthy lifespan in animals by a mechanism involving reduced oxidative damage and increased resistance to stress. However, no studies have evaluated the impact of controlled meal frequency on immune responses in human subjects. Objective: A study was conducted to establish the effects of controlled diets with different meal frequencies, but similar daily energy intakes, on cytokine production in healthy male and female subjects. Design: In a crossover study design with an intervening washout period, healthy normal weight middle-age male and female subjects (n = 15) were maintained for 2 months on controlled on-site one meal per day (OMD) or three meals per day (TMD) isocaloric diets. Serum samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) culture supernatants from subjects were analyzed for the presence of inflammatory markers using a multiplex assay. Results: There were no significant differences in the inflammatory markers in the serum of subjects on the OMD or TMD diets. There was an increase in the capacity of PBMCs to produce cytokines in subjects during the first month on the OMD or TMD diets. Lower levels of TNF-alpha, IL-17, MCP-1 and MIP-1 beta were produced by PBMCs from subjects on the OMD versus TMD diet. Conclusions: PBMCs of subjects on controlled diets exhibit hypersensitivities to cellular stimulation suggesting that stress associated with altered eating behavior might affect cytokine production by immune cells upon stimulation. Moreover, stimulated PBMCs derived from healthy individuals on a reduced meal frequency diet respond with a reduced capability to produce cytokines. C1 [Dixit, Vishwa Deep; Yang, Hyunwon; Longo, Dan L.; Taub, Dennis D.] NIA, Lab Mol Biol & Immunol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Sayeed, Khaleel S.; Mattson, Mark P.] NIA, Neurosci Lab, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Stote, Kim S.; Rumpler, William V.; Baer, David J.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dixit, Vishwa Deep] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Lab Neuroendocrine Immunol, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Taub, DD (reprint author), NIA, Lab Mol Biol & Immunol, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM taubd@grc.nia.nih.gov RI Mattson, Mark/F-6038-2012 FU National Institute on Aging, NIH; US Department of Agriculture FX We would like to thank the staff at Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA for excellent technical assistance during sample preparation and collection of blood samples. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH and the US Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-9255 J9 J INFLAMM-LOND JI J. Inflamm.-Lond. PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 8 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1476-9255-8-6 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 734MJ UT WOS:000288337900001 PM 21385360 ER PT J AU Hoorens, PR Rinaldi, M Li, RW Goddeeris, B Claerebout, E Vercruysse, J Geldhof, P AF Hoorens, Prisca R. Rinaldi, Manuela Li, Robert W. Goddeeris, Bruno Claerebout, Edwin Vercruysse, Jozef Geldhof, Peter TI Genome wide analysis of the bovine mucin genes and their gastrointestinal transcription profile SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED MUCIN; GEL-FORMING MUCINS; COLON-CANCER CELLS; PHYSICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; BOUND MUCINS; KAPPA-B; CDNA; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION AB Background: Mucins are large glycoproteins implicated in protection of all mucosal surfaces. In humans and rodents, the mucin gene family has been well described and previous studies have investigated the distribution and function of mucins in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In contrast, little data is available on the mucin gene family in polygastric species, such as cattle. The aim of the current study was to identify all members of the bovine mucin family by genome mining and subsequently investigate the transcription pattern of these mucins in the GI tract. Results: Nine bovine membrane-associated mucins (MUC1, MUC3A, MUC4, MUC12, MUC13, MUC15, MUC16, MUC20 and MUC21) and six secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6, MUC7 and MUC19) were identified in the bovine genome. No homologues could be identified for MUC3B, MUC8 and MUC17. In general, domain architecture of the membrane-associated mucins was found to be similar between humans and cattle, while the protein architecture of the gel-forming mucins appeared to be less conserved. Further analysis of the genomic organization indicated that the previously reported bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) may be part of a larger gene encoding for MUC19. Analysis of the transcription profile showed that the secreted mucins were transcribed from the abomasum onwards, whereas the membrane associated mucins MUC1 and MUC20 were transcribed throughout the whole GI tract. In contrast to humans, MUC5B transcript was found in both the small and large intestine, but was absent in oesophageal tissue. Conclusions: This study provides the first characterization of the mucin gene family in cattle and their transcriptional regulation in the GI tract. The data presented in this paper will allow further studies of these proteins in the physiology of the GI tract in ruminants and their interactions with pathogens. C1 [Hoorens, Prisca R.; Rinaldi, Manuela; Claerebout, Edwin; Vercruysse, Jozef; Geldhof, Peter] Univ Ghent, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Fac Vet Med, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Li, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Goddeeris, Bruno] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Biosci Engn, Div Gene Technol, Dept Biosyst, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Geldhof, P (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Fac Vet Med, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM peter.geldhof@ugent.be RI Goddeeris, Bruno/L-2440-2015 OI Goddeeris, Bruno/0000-0003-3729-7592 FU 'Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders' (IWT-Vlaanderen) [IWT-SB/61028/Hoorens]; 'Fund for Scientific Research Flanders' [F.W.O. 1.5.005.07]; Concerted Research Actions of Ghent University (GOA) FX This research was funded by a PhD grant of the 'Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders' (IWT-Vlaanderen) (IWT-SB/61028/Hoorens) and supported by the 'Fund for Scientific Research Flanders' (F.W.O. 1.5.005.07) and the Concerted Research Actions of Ghent University (GOA). NR 66 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 140 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-140 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 734FS UT WOS:000288320300001 PM 21385362 ER PT J AU Schmidt, SK Lynch, RC King, AJ Karki, D Robeson, MS Nagy, L Williams, MW Mitter, MS Freeman, KR AF Schmidt, S. K. Lynch, R. C. King, A. J. Karki, D. Robeson, M. S. Nagy, L. Williams, M. W. Mitter, M. S. Freeman, K. R. TI Phylogeography of microbial phototrophs in the dry valleys of the high Himalayas and Antarctica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cryophilic algae; cyanobacteria; cold deserts; dry valleys; subnival zone soils ID GREEN-ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA; HIGH-ELEVATION; SOIL ALGAE; CO2 FLUX; CYANOBACTERIA; SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY; PHYLODIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB High-elevation valleys in dry areas of the Himalayas are among the most extreme, yet least explored environments on Earth. These barren, rocky valleys are subjected to year-round temperature fluctuations across the freezing point and very low availability of water and nutrients, causing previous workers to hypothesize that no photoautotrophic life (primary producers) exists in these locations. However, there has been no work using modern biogeochemical or culture-independent molecular methods to test the hypothesis that photoautotrophs are absent from high Himalayan soil systems. Here, we show that although microbial biomass levels are as low as those of the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, there are abundant microbial photoautotrophs, displaying unexpected phylogenetic diversity, in barren soils from just below the permanent ice line of the central Himalayas. Furthermore, we discovered that one of the dominant algal clades from the high Himalayas also contains the dominant algae in culture-independent surveys of both soil and ice samples from the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, revealing an unexpected link between these environmentally similar but geographically very distant systems. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses demonstrated that although this algal clade is globally distributed to other high-altitude and high-latitude soils, it shows significant genetic isolation by geographical distance patterns, indicating local adaptation and perhaps speciation in each region. Our results are the first to demonstrate the remarkable similarities of microbial life of arid soils of Antarctica and the high Himalayas. Our findings are a starting point for future comparative studies of the dry valleys of the Himalayas and Antarctica that will yield new insights into the cold and dry limits to life on Earth. C1 [Schmidt, S. K.; Lynch, R. C.; King, A. J.; Robeson, M. S.; Mitter, M. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, M. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, M. W.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karki, D.] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dept Bot, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Nagy, L.] EcoSci Scotland, Glasgow G41 4QP, Lanark, Scotland. [Freeman, K. R.] USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Forest Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Schmidt, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM steve.schmidt@colorado.edu RI Schmidt, Steven/G-2771-2010; King, Andrew/C-3810-2012; OI Schmidt, Steven/0000-0002-9175-2085; King, Andrew/0000-0002-1348-7984; Robeson, Michael/0000-0001-7119-6301 FU NSF [MCB-0455606, DEB-0922267]; University of Colorado; National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration FX We thank Adina Racoviteanu, Bharat B. Shrestha, Nima Sherpa, Karma Gurung, Krishna K. Shrestha, Pat Kociolek, Evan Thomas and Diana R. Nemergut for helpful discussions or assistance in the field, and J. W. Fell and G. Scorzetti for providing DNA sequences from the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. This project was funded by the NSF Microbial Observatories Programme (MCB-0455606) and NSF grant DEB-0922267. Expedition funding was from a University of Colorado Faculty Fellowship and the National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration. GenBank accession numbers for the new Himalayan sequences used in this study are HQ188942 HQ189117. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 278 IS 1706 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.1254 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 710JI UT WOS:000286507400009 PM 20826485 ER PT J AU Witt, CJ Richards, AL Masuoka, PM Foley, DH Buczak, AL Musila, LA Richardson, JH Colacicco-Mayhugh, MG Rueda, LM Klein, TA Anyamba, A Small, J Pavlin, JA Fukuda, MM Gaydos, J Russell, KL AF Witt, Clara J. Richards, Allen L. Masuoka, Penny M. Foley, Desmond H. Buczak, Anna L. Musila, Lillian A. Richardson, Jason H. Colacicco-Mayhugh, Michelle G. Rueda, Leopoldo M. Klein, Terry A. Anyamba, Assaf Small, Jennifer Pavlin, Julie A. Fukuda, Mark M. Gaydos, Joel Russell, Kevin L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Predictive Surveillance TI The AFHSC-Division of GEIS Operations Predictive Surveillance Program: a multidisciplinary approach for the early detection and response to disease outbreaks SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID REPUBLIC-OF-KOREA; RIFT-VALLEY; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; BARINGO DISTRICT; UNITED-STATES; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; KENYA; HANTAVIRUS AB The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Operations (AFHSC-GEIS) initiated a coordinated, multidisciplinary program to link data sets and information derived from eco-climatic remote sensing activities, ecologic niche modeling, arthropod vector, animal disease-host/reservoir, and human disease surveillance for febrile illnesses, into a predictive surveillance program that generates advisories and alerts on emerging infectious disease outbreaks. The program's ultimate goal is pro-active public health practice through pre-event preparedness, prevention and control, and response decision-making and prioritization. This multidisciplinary program is rooted in over 10 years experience in predictive surveillance for Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Eastern Africa. The AFHSC-GEIS Rift Valley fever project is based on the identification and use of disease-emergence critical detection points as reliable signals for increased outbreak risk. The AFHSC-GEIS predictive surveillance program has formalized the Rift Valley fever project into a structured template for extending predictive surveillance capability to other Department of Defense (DoD)-priority vector-and water-borne, and zoonotic diseases and geographic areas. These include leishmaniasis, malaria, and Crimea-Congo and other viral hemorrhagic fevers in Central Asia and Africa, dengue fever in Asia and the Americas, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and chikungunya fever in Asia, and rickettsial and other tick-borne infections in the U. S., Africa and Asia. C1 [Witt, Clara J.; Fukuda, Mark M.; Gaydos, Joel; Russell, Kevin L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Rickettsial Dis Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richards, Allen L.; Masuoka, Penny M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Foley, Desmond H.; Colacicco-Mayhugh, Michelle G.; Rueda, Leopoldo M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Buczak, Anna L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Musila, Lillian A.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Musila, Lillian A.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Richardson, Jason H.; Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Klein, Terry A.] Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, GIMMS Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Marine Corps Public Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Dept Entomol & Vector Borne Dis, Kisumu Unit 8900, APO, AE 09831 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Predictive Surveillance] Komplek P2M PLP LITBANGKES JI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Ctr Med Naval CEMENA, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Witt, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM clara.witt@us.army.mil RI Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S10 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S10 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900010 PM 21388561 ER PT J AU Wren, DG Langendoen, EJ Kuhnle, RA AF Wren, D. G. Langendoen, E. J. Kuhnle, R. A. TI Effects of sand addition on turbulent flow over an immobile gravel bed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID COARSE-GRAINED CHANNELS; DEPTH-LIMITED FLOW; ROUGH-BED; VELOCITY PROFILES; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; FREE-SURFACE; MEAN FLOW; RIVER; TOPOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT AB The factors controlling the complex interaction of a coarse streambed with flow and sediment are difficult to measure. However, planning for reservoir flushing or dam removal requires knowledge of these interactions. In both cases, impounded sediments are introduced to channel beds that have had fine sediment particles removed without replacement. The channel bed pore space interacts with the flow and provides storage for particles. In order to address the need for information on such systems, an adjustable-slope, recirculating laboratory flume was used to study the changes in flow and turbulence caused by sand added to an immobile gravel bed. Detailed measurements were made using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter that collected three velocity components at a rate of 200 Hz. Because of the rough nature of the bed, individual velocity profiles varied significantly; therefore, in order to determine general trends, the data were spatially averaged over six 10 x 20 cm planes parallel to the bed with the lowest plane about 2 cm below the maximum gravel elevation. The increasing elevation of sand relative to the gravel layer resulted in decreased bed shear stress, decreased Reynolds stress, increased relative turbulence intensity, and a near-bed shift toward sweep-dominated turbulence. C1 [Wren, D. G.; Langendoen, E. J.; Kuhnle, R. A.] ARS, NSL, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Wren, DG (reprint author), ARS, NSL, USDA, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM daniel.wren@ars.usda.gov; eddy.langendoen@ars.usda.gov; roger.kuhnle@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 FU U. S. Bureau of Reclamation [60-6408-6-0076] FX The research reported here was supported by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation (Agreement 60-6408-6-0076). Blair Greimann (USBR), Tim Randle (USBR), and Ned Andrews (USGS) supplied valuable suggestions during the project planning stage. Joanna Curran and Kyle Strom provided reviews and valuable suggestions for the manuscript. This work would not have been possible without the diligent and capable efforts of Jeffrey Diers, Dustin McMillin, and Glenn Gray. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 116 AR F01018 DI 10.1029/2010JF001859 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 731EK UT WOS:000288088900001 ER PT J AU Cheong, MC Na, K Kim, H Jeong, SK Joo, HJ Chitwood, DJ Paik, YK AF Cheong, Mi Cheong Na, Keun Kim, Heekyeong Jeong, Seul-Ki Joo, Hyoe-Jin Chitwood, David J. Paik, Young-Ki TI A Potential Biochemical Mechanism Underlying the Influence of Sterol Deprivation Stress on Caenorhabditis elegans Longevity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID C-ELEGANS; DAUER FORMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIFE-SPAN; ANESTHETIC SENSITIVITY; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; WILD-TYPE; CHOLESTEROL; NEMATODE AB To investigate the biochemical mechanism underlying the effect of sterol deprivation on longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans, we treated parent worms (P0) with 25-azacoprostane (Aza), which inhibits sitosterol-to-cholesterol conversion, and measured mean lifespan (MLS) in F2 worms. At 25 mu M (similar to EC(50)), Aza reduced total body sterol by 82.5%, confirming sterol depletion. Aza (25 mu M) treatment of wild-type (N2) C. elegans grown in sitosterol (5 mu g/ml) reduced MLS by 35%. Similar results were obtained for the stress-related mutants daf-16(mu86) and gas-1(fc21). Unexpectedly, Aza had essentially no effect on MLS in the stress-resistant daf-2(e1370) or mitochondrial complex II mutant mev-1(kn1) strains, indicating that Aza may target both insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and mitochondrial complex II. Aza increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels 2.7-fold in N2 worms, but did not affect ROS production by mev-1(kn1), suggesting a direct link between Aza treatment and mitochondrial ROS production. Moreover, expression of the stress-response transcription factor SKN-1 was decreased in amphid neurons by Aza and that of DAF-28 was increased when DAF-6 was involved, contributing to lifespan reduction. C1 [Cheong, Mi Cheong; Na, Keun; Kim, Heekyeong; Jeong, Seul-Ki; Joo, Hyoe-Jin; Paik, Young-Ki] Yonsei Univ, Dept Biochem, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biomed Sci,WCU Program Grad Sch, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Cheong, Mi Cheong; Na, Keun; Kim, Heekyeong; Jeong, Seul-Ki; Joo, Hyoe-Jin; Paik, Young-Ki] Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Chitwood, David J.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paik, YK (reprint author), 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM paikyk@yonsei.ac.kr FU Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of Korea [A030003]; Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology [R31-2008-000-10086-0] FX This work was supported, in part, by the Korea Health 21 R&D project, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of Korea Grant A030003 (to Y.K.-P.), and the WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology Grant R31-2008-000-10086-0. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 9 BP 7248 EP 7256 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.189183 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 726PH UT WOS:000287737300041 PM 21186286 ER PT J AU Fan, J Crooks, C Creissen, G Hill, L Fairhurst, S Doerner, P Lamb, C AF Fan, Jun Crooks, Casey Creissen, Gary Hill, Lionel Fairhurst, Shirley Doerner, Peter Lamb, Chris TI Pseudomonas sax Genes Overcome Aliphatic Isothiocyanate-Mediated Non-Host Resistance in Arabidopsis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; GENOME SEQUENCE; PLANT DEFENSE; PATHOGENS; ACCUMULATION; METABOLITES; THALIANA; INSIGHTS; FAMILY AB Most plant-microbe interactions do not result in disease; natural products restrict non-host pathogens. We found that sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate), a natural product derived from aliphatic glucosinolates, inhibits growth in Arabidopsis of non-host Pseudomonas bacteria in planta. Multiple sax genes (saxCAB/F/D/G) were identified in Pseudomonas species virulent on Arabidopsis. These sax genes are required to overwhelm isothiocyanate-based defenses and facilitate a disease outcome, especially in the young leaves critical for plant survival. Introduction of saxCAB genes into non-host strains enabled them to overcome these Arabidopsis defenses. Our study shows that aliphatic isothiocyanates, previously shown to limit damage by herbivores, are also crucial, robust, and developmentally regulated defenses that underpin non-host resistance in the Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas pathosystem. C1 [Fan, Jun; Crooks, Casey; Creissen, Gary; Hill, Lionel; Fairhurst, Shirley; Lamb, Chris] John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Crooks, Casey] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Doerner, Peter] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Mol Plant Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Doerner, Peter] INRA, CNRS, CEA, Physiol Cellulaire Vegetale Lab, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Doerner, Peter] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38000 Grenoble, France. RP Fan, J (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. EM jun.fan@bbsrc.ac.uk; peter.doerner@ed.ac.uk RI Creissen, Gary/C-7481-2009; OI Creissen, Gary/0000-0003-4992-8056; Doerner, Peter/0000-0001-7218-8469; Fan, Jun/0000-0003-0591-0372 FU UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council FX We thank D. Haas, C. Zipfel, K. Sohn, and D. J. Kliebenstein for providing the pME vectors, bacterial strains, and Arabidopsis myb mutants used in this study; B. Lee and S. Kopriva for help with the glucosinolate assay; and C. Zipfel, C. Dean, A. Maule, and V. Vitart for critical reading of earlier versions of the manuscript. Supported by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (C.L.). J.F., C.C., G.C., L.H., S.F., and P.D. dedicate this paper to the memory of Chris Lamb. NR 26 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 52 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6021 BP 1185 EP 1188 DI 10.1126/science.1199707 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729SN UT WOS:000287971200040 PM 21385714 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM O'Connell, JR Wiggans, GR Weigel, KA AF VanRaden, Paul M. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Wiggans, George R. Weigel, Kent A. TI Genomic evaluations with many more genotypes SO GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY MARKER PANELS; HOLSTEIN BULLS; DAIRY-CATTLE; SELECTION; IMPUTATION; VALUES; PREDICTIONS; ACCURACY; TRAITS; SIRES AB Background: Genomic evaluations in Holstein dairy cattle have quickly become more reliable over the last two years in many countries as more animals have been genotyped for 50,000 markers. Evaluations can also include animals genotyped with more or fewer markers using new tools such as the 777,000 or 2,900 marker chips recently introduced for cattle. Gains from more markers can be predicted using simulation, whereas strategies to use fewer markers have been compared using subsets of actual genotypes. The overall cost of selection is reduced by genotyping most animals at less than the highest density and imputing their missing genotypes using haplotypes. Algorithms to combine different densities need to be efficient because numbers of genotyped animals and markers may continue to grow quickly. Methods: Genotypes for 500,000 markers were simulated for the 33,414 Holsteins that had 50,000 marker genotypes in the North American database. Another 86,465 non-genotyped ancestors were included in the pedigree file, and linkage disequilibrium was generated directly in the base population. Mixed density datasets were created by keeping 50,000 (every tenth) of the markers for most animals. Missing genotypes were imputed using a combination of population haplotyping and pedigree haplotyping. Reliabilities of genomic evaluations using linear and nonlinear methods were compared. Results: Differing marker sets for a large population were combined with just a few hours of computation. About 95% of paternal alleles were determined correctly, and > 95% of missing genotypes were called correctly. Reliability of breeding values was already high (84.4%) with 50,000 simulated markers. The gain in reliability from increasing the number of markers to 500,000 was only 1.6%, but more than half of that gain resulted from genotyping just 1,406 young bulls at higher density. Linear genomic evaluations had reliabilities 1.5% lower than the nonlinear evaluations with 50,000 markers and 1.6% lower with 500,000 markers. Conclusions: Methods to impute genotypes and compute genomic evaluations were affordable with many more markers. Reliabilities for individual animals can be modified to reflect success of imputation. Breeders can improve reliability at lower cost by combining marker densities to increase both the numbers of markers and animals included in genomic evaluation. Larger gains are expected from increasing the number of animals than the number of markers. C1 [VanRaden, Paul M.; Wiggans, George R.] USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [O'Connell, Jeffrey R.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Weigel, Kent A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Bldg 5 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Paul.VanRaden@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0999-193X J9 GENET SEL EVOL JI Genet. Sel. Evol. PD MAR 2 PY 2011 VL 43 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1297-9686-43-10 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 734LE UT WOS:000288334800001 PM 21366914 ER PT J AU Ramseyer, DD Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Ramseyer, Daniel D. Bettge, Arthur D. Morris, Craig F. TI Endogenous and Enhanced Oxidative Cross-Linking in Wheat Flour Mill Streams SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE PENTOSANS; FERULIC ACID; SOFT WHEAT; ARABINOXYLAN GELS; CELL-WALLS; GELATION; PROTEIN; PEROXIDASE; POLYSACCHARIDE; FRACTIONS AB A better understanding of the variation in oxidative cross-linking potential among flour mill streams can improve flour quality through the formulating of superior flour blends, and hence end-product attributes. The purpose of this research was to study the variation of oxidative cross-linking among 10 Miag Multomat pilot mill streams from 31 hard, soft and club wheat cultivars using Bostwick viscosity measurements. Flour slurries were made with either water alone (to measure the endogenous oxidative cross-linking viscosity) or with added hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase (to measure the enhanced oxidative cross-linking viscosity). Hard cultivars tended to produce more viscous flour slurries for both water and peroxide-peroxidase viscosity measurements in most mill streams. Mill streams with high oxidative cross-linking potential were those with the largest differences between water and peroxide-peroxidase viscosity including 1st Break, 1st and 2nd Middlings, and 1st Midds Redust. Conversely, mill streams 3rd Break and 4th and 5th Middlings were the least likely to form oxidative cross-links. The ability to form oxidative cross-links is dependent on the availability of ferulic acid and tyrosine residues. Therefore, the arabinoxylan and protein polymers in mill streams that have a high oxidative cross-linking potential have a structure that is more conducive to forming oxidative cross-links. C1 [Ramseyer, Daniel D.; Bettge, Arthur D.; Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ramseyer, Daniel D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-11-10-0158 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 747RL UT WOS:000289337000016 ER PT J AU Yelle, DJ Ralph, J Frihart, CR AF Yelle, Daniel J. Ralph, John Frihart, Charles R. TI Delineating pMDI model reactions with loblolly pine via solution-state NMR spectroscopy. Part 1. Catalyzed reactions with wood models and wood polymers SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE beta-aryl-ether; ball-milled wood (MW); carbamate; cellobiose; holocellulose; heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC); methyl 4-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside; milled-wood lignin (MWL); phenylcoumaran; phenyl isocyanate; pinoresinol; Pinus taeda; polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI); solution-state NMR ID PHENYL ISOCYANATE; MOISTURE-CONTENT; CELLULOSE; KINETICS; GALACTOGLUCOMANNAN; PHENYLISOCYANATE; DIISOCYANATE; DERIVATIVES AB To better understand adhesive interactions with wood, reactions between model compounds of wood and a model compound of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) were characterized by solution-state NMR spectroscopy. For comparison, finely ground loblolly pine sapwood, milled-wood lignin and holocellulose from the same wood were isolated and derivatized with the pMDI model compound. One-bond (13)C-(1)H correlation (HSQC) experiments on derivatized and dissolved ball-milled wood revealed which hydroxyl group positions of the cell wall polymers reacted with the pMDI model compound to form carbamates. The chemical shifts of the derivatized model compounds correspond precisely to the chemical shifts of derivatized wood polymers. These model experiments will be taken as a basis in the next phase of our research (Part 2), in which the reactions of pMDI model compounds will be studied with intact wood cell walls under conditions similar to those used in oriented strand-board production. C1 [Yelle, Daniel J.; Frihart, Charles R.] US Forest Serv, US Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Enzyme Inst, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Yelle, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, US Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dyelle@fs.fed.us FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-06ER64299]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX We thank Dr. Hoon Kim, Dr. Fachuang Lu (Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Dr. Takuya Akiyama (Wood Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan) for their enlightening discussions on lignin chemistry and plant cell wall dissolution. We thank Sally Ralph and Kolby Hirth (U.S. Forest Products Laboratory) for their insightful discussions on the NMR experiments. This research made use of 500 MHz instruments at the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Facility at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Support for this research came from the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency agreement No. DE-AI02-06ER64299 and in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.028 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 734WP UT WOS:000288372500001 ER PT J AU Yelle, DJ Ralph, J Frihart, CR AF Yelle, Daniel J. Ralph, John Frihart, Charles R. TI Delineating pMDI model reactions with loblolly pine via solution-state NMR spectroscopy. Part 2. Non-catalyzed reactions with the wood cell wall SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE beta-aryl ether; 4-benzylphenyl isocyanate; carbamate; cell wall; heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC); gamma-hydroxyls; Pinus taeda; phenylcoumaran; phenyl isocyanate; polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI); solution-state NMR ID N-15 CP/MAS NMR; ADHESIVE BONDLINE; METHYL ISOCYANATE; MOISTURE-CONTENT; SOUTHERN PINE; INTERPHASE; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; PULSES; HSQC AB Solution-state NMR provides a powerful tool to observe the presence or absence of covalent bonds between wood and adhesives. Finely ground wood can be dissolved in an NMR-compatible solvent system containing dimethylsulfoxide-d(6) and N-methylimidazole-d(6), in which the wood polymers remain largely intact. High-resolution solution-state two-dimensional NMR correlation experiments, based on (13)C-(1)H one-bond heteronuclear single quantum coherence, allow structural analysis of the major cell wall components. This technique was applied to loblolly pine that was treated with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) related model compounds under controlled moisture and temperature conditions. Chemical shifts of carbamates formed between the pMDI model compounds and loblolly pine were determined. The results show that: (a) under dry conditions and a high concentration of isocyanate, carbamates will form preferentially with side-chain hydroxyl groups on beta-aryl ether and phenylcoumaran-linked lignin units in a swelling solvent; (b) phenyl isocyanate is more capable of derivatization in the cell wall than the bulkier 4-benzylphenyl isocyanate; (c) at 5% and 14% moisture content, detectable carbamates on lignin side-chains dramatically decrease; and (d) under typical conditions of industrial oriented strand-board production in a hot press at 5% and 14% moisture content, no carbamate formation was detected. C1 [Yelle, Daniel J.; Frihart, Charles R.] US Forest Serv, US Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Enzyme Inst, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Yelle, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, US Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dyelle@fs.fed.us FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-06ER64299]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX We thank Sally Ralph and Kolby Hirth (U.S. Forest Products Laboratory) for their insightful discussions on the NMR experiments. This research made use of a 500 MHz NMR instrument at the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA. Support for this research was funded from the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency agreement no. DE-AI02-06ER64299 and in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.029 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 734WP UT WOS:000288372500002 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ AF Liu, Yongqiang TI A numerical study on hydrological impacts of forest restoration in the southern United States SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest restoration; hydrology; climate; regional modeling; southern United States ID REGIONAL-CLIMATE MODEL; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; SIMULATION; CHINA; SENSITIVITY; VERSION; REGCM2; WATER AB Landscape in the southern United States changed dramatically during the 1930s and the following decades when massive agricultural and abandoned logging lands were converted to forest lands through natural restoration and silviculture. The impacts of this forest restoration on hydrology were investigated in this study by conducting numerical experiments with a regional climate model. Climatic and hydrological conditions for the months of January and July during an 8-year period were simulated with prior and post forest conversion land cover, respectively. The assembled results of the simulations and experiments during the period indicate that overall precipitation decreases in July and increases in January in the restoration region (RR) in response to the restoration, mainly caused by the reduction in the corresponding prevailing winds due to increased surface roughness. Evapotranspiration and root-layer soil moisture increase in both months, mainly caused by the changes in vegetation and soil properties. Solar radiation increases due to smaller albedo, most of which is used to increase sensible heat. Large increases in July precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff in the remote central Midwest are found, resulting from the change in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The implications of the results for the projected vegetation changes due to the climate change and the silviculture project in the Southeast in the future are discussed. Published in 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service FX The author thanks the thoughtful and constructive comments from the reviewers and editor. This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service. The meteorological data for driving the regional climate model were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1002/eco.178 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900015 ER PT J AU Davey, RB Pound, JM Klavons, JA Lohmeyer, KH Freeman, JM De Leon, AAP Miller, RJ AF Davey, Ronald B. Pound, J. Mathews Klavons, Jerome A. Lohmeyer, Kimberly H. Freeman, Jeanne M. Perez De Leon, Adalberto A. Miller, Robert J. TI Efficacy and Blood Sera Analysis of a Long-Acting Formulation of Moxidectin Against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on Treated Cattle SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE moxidectin; control; cattle fever tick; endectocide; macrocyclic lactone ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PERSISTENT EFFICACY; INFESTED CATTLE; TICKS ACARI; POUR-ON; IVERMECTIN; ANNULATUS; PLASMA; POPULATIONS; DORAMECTIN AB The therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single subcutaneous injection of a long-acting formulation of moxidectin at a concentration of 1 mg/kg body weight was determined against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), along with the concentration-time blood sera profile in treated cattle. The therapeutic efficacy against ticks of all parasitic stages on cattle at the time of treatment was > 99.9%, and the mean tick number, index of fecundity, engorgement weight, and egg mass weight of ticks recovered from treated animals were all significantly lower than ticks from untreated animals. The index of fecundity, engorgement weight of females, and egg mass weight of ticks recovered from treated animals infested at weekly (7-d) intervals between 14 and 63 d posttreatment were significantly lower than for ticks on untreated animals, whereas the number of ticks per animal recovered from treated cattle remained lower than that of untreated cattle for up to 49 d posttreatment. The percentage control remained > 99% at weekly intervals between 14 and 49 d posttreatment, which is the minimum level of efficacy considered acceptable for use in the United States Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program. The serum concentration of moxidectin in treated cattle increased to 25.6 ppb (parts per billion) within 1 d after treatment, and peaked at 47.3 ppb at 8 d posttreatment. Moxidectin sera levels remained above the estimated 100% threshold level for elimination of feeding ticks (5-8 ppb) for 44-53 d after treatment. The label claim of 50 d of prevention against reinfestation for the long-acting moxidectin formulation used in the study was supported by the efficacy and sera concentration data obtained. Based on these results, cattle could be treated at 63-d intervals with minimal risk of viable ticks detaching from treated animals. This treatment interval would be 4.5-fold longer than the presently required treatment interval of 14 d, thus leading to approximate to 75% reduction in gathering and handling costs of cattle incurred by producers. C1 [Davey, Ronald B.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab,Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Pound, J. Mathews; Klavons, Jerome A.; Lohmeyer, Kimberly H.; Freeman, Jeanne M.; Perez De Leon, Adalberto A.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects, Kerrville, TX 78029 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab,Moore Air Base, Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM ronald.davey@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1603/ME10154 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 810JM UT WOS:000294121600024 PM 21485367 ER PT J AU Flor-Weiler, LB Behle, RW Stafford, KC AF Flor-Weiler, Lina B. Behle, Robert W. Stafford, Kirby C., III TI Susceptibility of Four Tick Species, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), to Nootkatone From Essential Oil of Grapefruit SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nootkatone; Amblyomma americanum; Dermacentor variabilis; Ixodes scapularis; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; acaricide; toxicity AB Toxicity of nootkatone was determined in laboratory assays against unfed nymphs of Amblyomma americanum L., Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Ixodes scapularis Say, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille. We determined the 50% lethal concentration (LC(50)) and 90% lethal concentration (LC(90)) of nootkatone by recording tick mortality 24 h after exposure in treated glass vials. Nymphs were susceptible to nootkatone with LC(50) values of 0.352, 0.233, 0.169, and 0.197 mu g/cm(2), and LC(90) values of 1.001, 0.644, 0.549, and 0.485 mu g/cm(2) for A. americanum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis, and R. sanguineus, respectively. The LC(50) value for R. sanquineus was not significantly different from D. variabilis or I. scapularis. Other LC(50) comparisons were significantly different. The LC(90) for A. americanum was higher when compared with the three other tick species, which were not significantly different. Because nootkatone is volatile, we measured the amount of nootkatone recovered from duplicate-treated vials before tick exposure and from vials after tick exposure. Nootkatone recovered from vials before exposure ranged from 82 to 112% of the expected amounts. The nootkatone recovered after the 24-h exposure period ranged from 89% from vials coated with higher concentrations of nootkatone, down to 29% from vials coated with low nootkatone concentrations. Determination of the nootkatone residue after vial coating demonstrated loss of the active compound while verifying the levels of tick exposure. Toxicity of low concentrations of nootkatone to the active questing stage of ticks reported in this study provides a reference point for future formulation research to exploit nootkatone as a safe and environment-friendly tick control. C1 [Flor-Weiler, Lina B.; Behle, Robert W.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Stafford, Kirby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ Ave, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM robert.behle@ars.usda.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [5U01CK000110] FX This work was supported as partial fulfillment of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant 5U01CK000110. We thank Alyssa Wetterauer for technical assistance. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1603/ME10148 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 810JM UT WOS:000294121600025 PM 21485368 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ White, WH Davey, RB George, JE De Leon, AP AF Miller, Robert J. White, W. Hunter Davey, Ronald B. George, John E. De Leon, Adalberto Perez TI Efficacy of Spinosad Against Acaricide-Resistant and -Susceptible Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Acaricide-Susceptible Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Amblyomma americanum; Dermacentor variabilis; resistance ID CATTLE TICK; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; 1ST REPORT; IN-VITRO; IXODIDAE; COUMAPHOS; STRAIN; MEXICO; IVERMECTIN; PERMETHRIN AB Various acaricide-resistant strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, representative of the major resistance mechanisms found in Mexico and Brazil, were exposed to spinosad using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations larval packet test and adult immersion test (AIT). Larvae of all strains tested were found to be susceptible to spinosad. Conversely, spinosad did not show toxic activity toward engorged females used in the AIT. In vitro tests against larvae, nymphs, and adults of acaricide-susceptible Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis revealed differences in activity that were dependent on tick species and parasitic life stage. Spinosad seemed to be a viable alternative to current acaricides available for tick control in the species tested. The larval packet test should be used for future monitoring of resistance, as the AIT did not provide useful information with this chemical. The potential benefit for the use of spinosad in integrated pest management or eradication programs is discussed. C1 [Miller, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [White, W. Hunter] Eli Lilly & Co, Elanco Anim Hlth Res & Dev, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. [George, John E.; De Leon, Adalberto Perez] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM robert.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 358 EP 365 DI 10.1603/ME08222 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 810JM UT WOS:000294121600031 PM 21485374 ER PT J AU Zhu, HP Salyani, M Fox, RD AF Zhu, Heping Salyani, Masoud Fox, Robert D. TI A portable scanning system for evaluation of spray deposit distribution SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE DepositScan; Droplet density; Droplet distribution; Image analysis; Imaging instrumentation; Spray coverage; Spray quality ID WATER-SENSITIVE PAPERS; DROPLET DENSITY; COVERAGE; LARVAE AB Preventing over- or under-spray applications on intended targets require a system to rapidly measure spray coverage and provide spray quality feedback information. A portable scanning system was developed that could quickly evaluate spray deposit distribution and coverage area on deposit collectors such as water sensitive paper or Kromekote (R) card. The system is integrated with a handheld business card scanner, deposit collectors, a laptop computer, and a custom-designed software package entitled "DepositScan". The software is composed of a set of custom plug-ins that are used by an image-processing program (ImageJ) to produce a number of measurements suitable for describing spray deposit distribution. The program worked with the handheld business card scanner to scan spray deposits on the collectors. After scanning the collectors, individual droplet sizes, their distributions, total droplet number, droplet density, amount of spray deposits, and percentage of spray coverage are displayed on the computer screen and saved in a spreadsheet. Spots smaller than 23.9 mu m are ignored by DepositScan when 2400 dpi resolution was used. Observations of nominal size spots through a stereoscopic microscope verified the accuracy of the system, and demonstrated that because of pixel limitations, the accuracy of any image-processing program using the pixel recognition technique would decrease as the spot sizes decrease. The portable scanning system offers a convenient solution for on-the-spot evaluation of spray quality under various working conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Heping; Fox, Robert D.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. [Salyani, Masoud] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. RP Zhu, HP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.01.003 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 771RR UT WOS:000291178900005 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, SA Hebel, MA Evett, SR Colaizzi, PD AF O'Shaughnessy, Susan A. Hebel, Martin A. Evett, Steve R. Colaizzi, Paul D. TI Evaluation of a wireless infrared thermometer with a narrow field of view SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Infrared thermometers; Irrigation water management; Precision agriculture; Remote sensing; Wireless sensors ID WATER-STRESS INDEX; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; IRRIGATION; YIELD; TRANSDUCERS; CORN AB Many agricultural studies rely on infrared sensors for remote measurement of surface temperatures for crop status monitoring and estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes. Historically, applications for these non-contact thermometers employed the use of hand-held or stationary industrial infrared thermometers (IRTs) wired to data loggers. Wireless sensors in agricultural applications are a practical alternative, but the availability of low cost wireless IRTs is limited. In this study, we designed prototype narrow (10 degrees) field of view wireless infrared sensor modules and evaluated the performance of the IRT sensor by comparing temperature readings of an object (T(obj)) against a blackbody calibrator in a controlled temperature room at ambient temperatures of 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 45 degrees C. Additional comparative readings were taken over plant and soil samples alongside a hand-held IRT and over an isothermal target in the outdoors next to a wired IRT. The average root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) between the collected IRT object temperature readings and the blackbody target ranged between 0.10 and 0.79 degrees C. The wireless IRT readings also compared well with the hand-held IRT and wired industrial IRT. Additional tests performed to investigate the influence of direct radiation on IRT measurements indicated that housing the sensor in white polyvinyl chloride provided ample shielding for the self-compensating circuitry of the IR detector. The relatively low cost of the wireless IRT modules and repeatable measurements against a blackbody calibrator and commercial IR thermometers demonstrated that these wireless prototypes have the potential to provide accurate surface radiometric temperature readings in outdoor applications. Further studies are needed to thoroughly test radio frequency communication and power consumption characteristics in an outdoor setting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [O'Shaughnessy, Susan A.; Evett, Steve R.; Colaizzi, Paul D.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Hebel, Martin A.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Susan.OShaughnessy@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX The authors appreciate the dedicated work performed by Chad Ford and Luke Britten, Agricultural Science Technicians, USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX, and funding for this project from the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.12.017 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 771RR UT WOS:000291178900008 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Fedders, JM Beeman, K Neel, JPS AF Clapham, William M. Fedders, James M. Beeman, Kim Neel, James P. S. TI Acoustic monitoring system to quantify ingestive behavior of free-grazing cattle SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Acoustic monitoring; Intake; Forage; Cattle; Grazing behavior ID METHODOLOGY AB Estimating forage intake by free-grazing livestock is difficult and expensive. Previous approaches include behavioral observation, ratio techniques using indigestible markers, mechanical recording of ingestive jaw motion, and acoustic recording of ingestive behaviors. Acoustic recording shows great potential but has been limited by the difficulty and time required to manually identify and classify ingestive events. We present an acoustic recording and analysis system that automatically detects, classifies, and quantifies ingestive events in free-grazing beef cattle. The system utilizes a wide-frequency acoustic microphone close to the animal's mouth, mathematical signal analysis to detect and measure ingestive events, and streaming data analysis capable of handling an unlimited amount of data. Analysis parameters can be reconfigured for different animals, forages and other changing conditions. The system measures the acoustic parameters of ingestive events, such as duration, amplitude, spectrum and energy, which can support further event classification and become the inputs to a forage intake model. We validated our detection and classification technique against the results of trained human observers based on field studies with grazing steer. The software detected 95% of manually identified bites in an event-by-event comparison. Field observations and sound attenuation analysis indicate that sounds from adjacent livestock and ambient pastoral environments have an insignificant effect upon the integrity of the recorded acoustic data set. We conclude that wideband acoustic analysis allows us to identify ingestive events accurately and automatically over extended periods of time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Clapham, William M.; Fedders, James M.; Neel, James P. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Beeman, Kim] Engn Design, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM William.Clapham@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Nathan Wade Snyder for his assistance during all phases of this research, especially his critical roles with hardware fabrication and data management; Keith Galford and Danny Carter for their contributions to animal care and management; and Edward Pell and Shane Clarkson of the West Virginia University Willowbend Farm for their cooperation and assistance during this project. We extend appreciation to Dr. Emilio Laca for providing sound samples. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The research was funded in part by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and is part of a regional initiative, Pasture-Based Beef Systems for Appalachia, a collaboration among USDA-ARS, Virginia Tech, West Virginia University, and Clemson University. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.01.009 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 771RR UT WOS:000291178900012 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW Phoofolo, MW AF Elliott, Norman C. Kieckhefer, Robert W. Phoofolo, Mpho W. TI Foraging by Hippodamia convergens for Cereal Aphids on Wheat Plants in the Laboratory SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AREA-CONCENTRATED SEARCH; COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; DENSITY; COLEOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; PREDATORS; SORGHUM; LARVAE; TIME AB We investigated predation by adult convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, on the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae L., on wheat, Triticum aestivum L., plants in a laboratory arena. A model relating beetle hunger to starvation time was developed and used to calculate initial hunger for beetles used in predation observations. Hunger level was significantly correlated with the time spent searching a wheat plant and the number of aphids eaten by both male and female convergent lady beetles during a plant visit. Time since contacting (either touching or eating) an aphid was slightly negatively correlated with time the lady beetle spent searching a plant. Time since contact also was slightly negatively related to the number of aphids eaten. The mean time required to eat an aphid increased with aphid instar as was expected because of the corresponding increase in size. Female convergent lady beetles took an average of 27.0 seconds to consume a first-instar English grain aphid, with time increasing to 141.2 seconds for an apterous adult. The mean proportion of English grain aphids leaving a plant in response to foraging by lady beetles increased with aphid instar from 0.09 for first instars to 0.49 for adult alatae. The proportion of aphids leaving a plant was significantly correlated with the time a lady beetle spent searching a plant. Although we observed increased residence time and increased time adult convergent lady beetles spent searching when aphids were abundant, the predation rate was independent of the number of aphids on a plant. C1 [Elliott, Norman C.; Kieckhefer, Robert W.; Phoofolo, Mpho W.] USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Kieckhefer, Robert W.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 773CR UT WOS:000291285100001 ER PT J AU Pitti, A Skoda, SR Kneeland, KM Berkebile, DR Molina-Ochoa, J Chaudhury, MF Youm, O Foster, JE AF Pitti, Abel Skoda, Steven R. Kneeland, Kate M. Berkebile, Dennis R. Molina-Ochoa, Jaime Chaudhury, Muhammad F. Youm, Ousmane Foster, John E. TI Effect of Adult Screwworm Male Size on Mating Competence SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; CENTRAL-AMERICA; FLIES DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; WORM FLY; CALLIPHORIDAE; ERADICATION; MYIASIS; FECUNDITY; BEHAVIOR AB Screwworms, Cochllomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were devastating pests in parts of North America and Central America before their eradication by the Sterile Insect Technique. Now a barrier is maintained to prevent re-entry of screwworms from endemic regions to those free of screwworms. Barrier maintenance requires mass rearing millions of competitive insects, sterilization by irradiation, and release into infested areas. Weight of the mature larvae (or pupae) is used for assessing fly quality for mass-reared screwworms. A method for producing flies of different sizes in the laboratory was developed. Small and large male flies were compared for sexual performance. A standardized measure of the wing length was used to characterize adult size. This measurement correlated positively with the larval and pupal weights. Although small males mated successfully, they mated with fewer females than did large males when each was placed alone with a group of females. When placed together with large males, small screwworm males were out-competed (41.2% as competitive) by the large males. Although behavior of male screwworm flies in laboratory conditions has not been demonstrated to be similar under field conditions, knowledge of mating competitiveness of sterile males of different sizes is valuable to the screwworm eradication program. C1 [Pitti, Abel; Skoda, Steven R.; Kneeland, Kate M.; Youm, Ousmane; Foster, John E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Skoda, Steven R.; Chaudhury, Muhammad F.] USDA ARS KBUSLIRL Screwworm Res Unit, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Berkebile, Dennis R.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Molina-Ochoa, Jaime] Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. RP Pitti, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. FU USDA-ARS Midwest Livestock Insect Research Unit; Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; Panama-USA Commission for Screwworm Eradication FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS Midwest Livestock Insect Research Unit and the Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, and the Panama-USA Commission for Screwworm Eradication. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 773CR UT WOS:000291285100005 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Kim, BG Kwon, TR Jeong, MJ Park, SR Lee, JW Byun, MO Kwon, HB Matthews, B Hong, CB Park, SC AF Lee, Seong-Kon Kim, Beom-Gi Kwon, Taek-Ryoun Jeong, Mi-Jeong Park, Sang-Ryeol Lee, Jung-Won Byun, Myung-Ok Kwon, Hawk-Bin Matthews, Benjamin F. Hong, Choo-Bong Park, Soo-Chul TI Overexpression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene OsMAPK33 enhances sensitivity to salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Abiotic stress tolerance; MAPK; microarray; rice; transgenic plants ID ABIOTIC STRESS; SIGNALING MOLECULES; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; PATHWAYS; MAPK; CASCADES; RESPONSES; YEAST; CELL AB Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling cascades are activated by extracellular stimuli such as environmental stresses and pathogens in higher eukaryotic plants. To know more about MAPK signalling in plants, a MAPK cDNA clone, OsMAPK33, was isolated from rice. The gene is mainly induced by drought stress. In phylogenetic analysis, OsMAPK33 (Os02g0148100) showed approximately 47-93% identity at the amino acid level with other plant MAPKs. It was found to exhibit organ-specific expression with relatively higher expression in leaves as compared with roots or stems, and to exist as a single copy in the rice genome. To investigate the biological functions of OsMAPK33 in rice MAPK signalling, transgenic rice plants that either overexpressed or suppressed OsMAPK33 were made. Under dehydration conditions, the suppressed lines showed lower osmotic potential compared with that of wild-type plants, suggesting a role of OsMAPK33 in osmotic homeostasis. Nonetheless, the suppressed lines did not display any significant difference in drought tolerance compared with their wild-type plants. With increased salinity, there was still no difference in salt tolerance between OsMAPK33-suppressed lines and their wild-type plants. However, the overexpressing lines showed greater reduction in biomass accumulation and higher sodium uptake into cells, resulting in a lower K(+)/Na(+) ratio inside the cell than that in the wild-type plants and OsMAPK33-suppressed lines. These results suggest that OsMAPK33 could play a negative role in salt tolerance through unfavourable ion homeostasis. Gene expression profiling of OsMAPK33 transgenic lines through rice DNA chip analysis showed that OsMAPK33 altered expression of genes involved in ion transport. Further characterization of downstream components will elucidate various biological functions of this novel rice MAPK. C1 [Lee, Seong-Kon; Kim, Beom-Gi; Kwon, Taek-Ryoun; Jeong, Mi-Jeong; Park, Sang-Ryeol; Lee, Jung-Won; Byun, Myung-Ok; Park, Soo-Chul] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441857, South Korea. [Kwon, Hawk-Bin] Sun Moon Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Asan 336708, South Korea. [Matthews, Benjamin F.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lee, Seong-Kon; Hong, Choo-Bong] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Park, SC (reprint author), Rural Dev Adm, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441857, South Korea. EM usdapark@korea.kr FU National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by a research grant from the National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-5991 J9 J BIOSCIENCES JI J. Biosci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s12038-011-9002-8 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 769UP UT WOS:000291044100017 PM 21451255 ER PT J AU Ballesteros, D Estrelles, E Walters, C Ibars, AM AF Ballesteros, Daniel Estrelles, Elena Walters, Christina Ibars, Ana M. TI EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON GREEN SPORE LONGEVITY FOR THE FERNS EQUISETUM RAMOSISSIMUM AND OSMUNDA REGALIS SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE cryopreservation; ferns; gametophyte development; green spore; spore germination; T50 ID ENDANGERED TREE FERN; GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; CALORIMETRIC PROPERTIES; SEED; CRYOPRESERVATION; VIABILITY; WATER; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; MECHANISMS; KINETICS AB Green spores of ferns lose viability quickly, and need specialized treatment for long-term conservation in germplasm banks. Dry storage at different temperatures was studied in green spores of Osmuncla regalis and Equisetum ramosissimum. Changes in germination percentage, time to 50% of maximum germination (150) and tendency for normal growth of the gametophyte were assayed during 24 months of storage. Spores stored at 25 degrees C died within 1 month. Spores stored at 4 degrees C maintained high viability for about 3 months, and then aging was evident by a decrease of final germination percentage, an increase in T50, and abnormal development of the gametophyte. Germination of spores stored at -25 degrees C was highly variable during the storage period. Spores cryopreserved at -80 degrees C and -196 degrees C maintained high viability, rapid germination and normal growth throughout the study period. Cryopreservation of green spores is a feasible method to preserve viability and ensure normal gametophyte development for several years. C1 [Ballesteros, Daniel; Estrelles, Elena; Ibars, Ana M.] Jardi Bot Univ Valencia ICBiBE, Banco Germoplasma, Valencia 46008, Spain. [Ballesteros, Daniel; Walters, Christina] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ballesteros, D (reprint author), Jardi Bot Univ Valencia ICBiBE, Banco Germoplasma, C Quart 80, Valencia 46008, Spain. EM Daniel.ballesteros@ars.usda.gov RI Estrelles-Perpina, Elena/G-5152-2016; Ballesteros, Daniel/A-8947-2017; OI Estrelles, Elena/0000-0002-2869-3684 FU Ministry of Education and Science of Spain [REN 2002-03697 / GLO]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain [REN 2002-03697 / GLO]. DB was supported by an FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. We thank Dr. Helena Fernandez for her thoughtful comments on the manuscript. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 767WE UT WOS:000290888700001 PM 21766138 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT Strahan, GD Nunez, A Haas, MJ AF Wyatt, Victor T. Strahan, Gary D. Nunez, Alberto Haas, Michael J. TI Characterization of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Hyperbranched Oligo(glycerol-glutaric acid)s SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Glycerol; Glutaric Acid; Hyperbranched; Polyester ID NETWORK POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; STRUCTURED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; PHYSICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CHEMOENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS; GLYCEROL; LIPASE; COPOLYESTERS; POLYESTERS; DENDRIMERS; BLENDS AB Dibutyltin oxide was used to catalyze the synthesis of oligo(glycerol-glutaric acid)s in the absence and presence of solvent. Reaction times were either 10 h or 24 h for reactions performed in DMF and 24 h for the neat reaction. The oligomers had an average yield of 84.6%. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to quantify amounts of unreacted glycerol and diacid. (13)C NMR was used to identify branching patterns and determine the degree of branching (DB%), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to detect ions that were unique to branched species, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), equipped with a light scattering detector, was used to determine molecular weight (Mn) and the polydispersity index (PDI). Themal stability was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to determine the rheological properties of the products. The materials synthesized in solution had considerably lower average molecular weights (M(n), g/mol) of 1050 (10 h) and 1474 (24 h) but higher polydispersity indexes [PDI (M(w)/M(n), where M(w) = weight average molecular weight)] of 21.1 (10 h) and 30.5 (24 h), than the corresponding neat-derived material (M(n) = 445,000; PDI = 5.8). Degrees of polymerization averaged 5.7 (10 h) and 8.8 (24 h) for the solvent-derived products compared to 2392.5 for products synthesized in the absence of solvent. Viscosity, glass transition temperature (T(g)), change in heat capacity (Delta C(p)), and molecular weight increased with reaction time and degrees of branching (DB%). Degrees of branching were lower for the solvent-derived materials [41% (10 h); 45% (24 h)] than observed for material synthesized in the absence of solvent (82%). DB% and M(n) largely account for the drastic physical and mechanical differences observed among materials synthesized in solvent and solvent-less systems. C1 [Wyatt, Victor T.; Strahan, Gary D.; Nunez, Alberto; Haas, Michael J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM victor.wyatt@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2011.1124 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 765GI UT WOS:000290692100009 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Onwulata, CI Yadav, MP Thomas, AE Tunick, MH AF Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Onwulata, Charles I. Yadav, Madhav P. Thomas, Audrey E. Tunick, Michael H. TI Thermophysical Properties of Starch and Whey Protein Composite Prepared in Presence of Organic Acid and Esters SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biocomposite; Starch; Whey Protein; Citrates; Crosslinking; Extrusion ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GLUTEN; GLYCEROL; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; PLASTICS; WATER AB Agriculture-sourced proteins and starches are renewable, biodegradable and can be thermoformed into bioplastics. However, these materials degrade above 140 degrees C and exhibit low mechanical strength due to their high moisture, low melt properties, and limited cross linking. In this study, we investigated the influence of acetic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), trimethyl citrate (TMC) and triethyl citrate (TEC) on corn starch (CS) and whey protein isolate (WPI) conjugate for improved melting and mechanical properties. Initial experiments in a torque rheometer with 40% WPI and 30% CS and an aqueous solution of the organic acid and esters in concentrations ranging from 0 to 30% (w/w) indicated optimum storage modulus, and flexibility of composite at 15% (w/w) concentration. Subsequently, the CS, WPI and organic acid and esters at 15% were extruded using a twin-screw extrusion process. The dynamic mechanical properties were affected by high compounding moisture of 29% (AA), 24% (CA), 24% (TEC), 12% (TMC) and 33% (control, with no acids or esters), product flexibility increased, as moisture decreased after molding, in order: TMC > TEC > CA > AA. The DSC melt property of composites increased sharply in the presence organic acid and esters (CA 112 degrees C; AA 119 degrees C; TEC 130 degrees C; TMC 157 degrees C), compared to the control (110 degrees C) indicating cross linking and formation of new composite material. Mechanically, the storage modulus increased appreciably due to cross linking in the presence of organic acid and esters. The storage modulus of composite made with TEC increased (327 MPa) compared to the control (159 MPa), reflecting more than 200% improvement in mechanical strength in the presence of TEC; a strong evidence of cross linking. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan; Onwulata, Charles I.; Yadav, Madhav P.; Thomas, Audrey E.; Tunick, Michael H.] ARS, USDA, Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sudarsan.mukhopadhyay@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2011.112 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 765GI UT WOS:000290692100014 ER PT J AU Oehlers, SA Bowyer, RT Huettmann, F Person, DK Kessler, WB AF Oehlers, Susan A. Bowyer, R. Terry Huettmann, Falk Person, David K. Kessler, Winifred B. TI Sex and scale: implications for habitat selection by Alaskan moose Alces alces gigas SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Alces alces; habitat selection; moose; scale; sexual segregation ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTH-AMERICAN ELK; BIGHORN SHEEP; MULE DEER; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FORAGE QUANTITY; BOREAL FOREST; NATIONAL-PARK; TRADE-OFFS AB We examined the roles of sex and spatial scale in habitat selection by Alaskan moose Alces alces gigas. We GPS-collared 11 female and seven male adult moose in the Tongass National Forest, Alaska, USA, during 2002-2004. We predicted that adult male and female moose would be spatially separated outside of the mating season, consistent with hypotheses attributing sexual segregation among sexually dimorphic ruminants to allometric differences in body and gastrointestinal size, and resulting differential needs for nutrient requirements by the sexes (the gastrocentric hypothesis), and varying risks of predation (the predation hypothesis) between sexes, especially for females with young. We predicted that habitat selection would be similar between sexes during the mating season, but dissimilar and occur at different scales during periods of late gestation and lactation. We expected that during segregation, females would select for a higher percentage of forested cover and a higher edge density than males to reduce predation risk on their young. Furthermore, we examined whether differences in scale of habitat selected between the sexes was related to home-range size. Multi-response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) analysis indicated that the spatial distributions of adult males and females differed, particularly near or during parturition. The sexes selected habitats similarly during the mating season (rut), when sexes generally were aggregated, whereas sexes exhibited differential habitat selection during spring, when sexes were segregated. Habitat selection by both sexes was best explained by vegetation and landscape composition tabulated within 1,000-m radii centered on GPS locations of moose. The sexes did not differ in the scale at which they selected habitats. Mean size of the annual home range was 76 km(2) for females and 125 km(2) for males, but size of home range was not related to scale of habitat selection by moose. Our results indicate that females were likely selecting habitat with high-quality forage while minimizing predation risk during periods of sexual segregation, whereas males were selecting habitat that allowed high forage intake, which together provide support for both the gastrocentric and the predation hypotheses. C1 [Oehlers, Susan A.] Tongass Natl Forest, Yakutat, AK 99689 USA. [Bowyer, R. Terry] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, EWHALE Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Person, David K.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. [Kessler, Winifred B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Oehlers, SA (reprint author), Tongass Natl Forest, Yakutat, AK 99689 USA. EM soehlers@fs.fed.us; bowyterr@isu.edu; fhuettmann@alaska.edu; dave.person@alaska.gov; winikessler@gmail.com FU U.S. Forest Service; Department of Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife; Alaska Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit of the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Ecological Wildlife Habitat Data Analysis for the Land and Seascape (EWHALE) laboratory; Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University FX Our research was funded primarily by the U.S. Forest Service, with additional funding from the Department of Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs and in-kind support from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, the Alaska Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Ecological Wildlife Habitat Data Analysis for the Land and Seascape (EWHALE) laboratory all were instrumental in the development and funding of the project. Support also was provided by the Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University. J. Ritter helped with GIS and data analysis. E.C. Murphy provided valuable editorial review, J.G. Kie provided expertise on home-range analysis and W.G. Eastland supported our project and offered technical input. We thank T.O'Connor, C. Grove and E. Campbell of the U.S. Forest Service for their support of our project. We thank the Alaska Department of Fish and Game biologists J. Crouse, S. Jenkins, N. Barten and K. White for their expert capture and handling as well as for their technical advice. K.L. Monteith and R.A. Long provided helpful discussions concerning habitat modeling. Pilots D. Russel, L. Hartley, B. Bingham and J. Liston contributed to captures and aerial survey effort. We thank the helicopter pilots of Temsco Helicopter and U.S. Forest Service helicopter managers A. Stearns, J. Schlee and D. Andreason. We acknowledge the U.S. Forest Service personnel N. Catterson, K. Schaberg, B. Lucey, D. Gillikin, S. Mehalick, M. Moran and C. Wiseman for their field and logistical support. This article constitutes EWHALE Lab publication #103. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 42 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 67 EP 84 DI 10.2981/10-039 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 766XL UT WOS:000290819800008 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, TB AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Timothy B. TI Aboveground growth interactions of paired conifer seedlings in close proximity SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Seedling; Competition; Facilitation; Light; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Abies grandis; Abies procera ID DOUGLAS-FIR; BRANCH AUTONOMY; BETULA-PENDULA; RED ALDER; COMPETITION; STAND; TREES; NEIGHBORS; DENSITY; PHYTOCHROME AB Where belowground resources are relatively abundant, naturally established trees sometimes occur in very close proximity to one another. We conducted a two-year study to assess the aboveground interactions between Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), grand fir (Abies grandis) and noble fir (Abies procera) seedlings planted in closely spaced (stems 10 cm apart) conspecific and heterospecific pairs. Paired seedling growth also was compared to seedlings planted with no neighbor. Stem height growth was not affected by the presence of a neighbor seedling, although diameter growth was slightly reduced. Branch diameter growth and weight were reduced where seedling crowns overlapped; branch morphological data suggested that this was caused by shading rather than mechanical interactions. Light measurements showed the potential for significant shading, particularly by the relatively large, dense crowns of Douglas-fir. Heterospecific pairs including Douglas-fir demonstrated the competitive production principle in that their mean growth was greater than the average of conspecific pairs of both species. Neighbor seedling height significantly affected subject seedling growth; neighbor effects were similar whether the neighbor seedling was growing on the north or south side of the subject seedling. Light reflected from Douglas-fir crowns had a lower red: far-red ratio than that of noble fir, although there was no evidence of a phytochrome-mediated growth response to the neighbor seedling. While heterospecific seedling pairs showed reduced competition, we found no evidence of facilitation for seedlings growing in very close proximity. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine27@yahoo.com NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s11056-010-9218-8 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 764EV UT WOS:000290612600003 ER PT J AU Strachan, JM AF Strachan, Janice M. TI Intellectual Property Rights for Plants in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS LA English DT Article DE Intellectual property rights; patents; plant variety protection; UPOV; DUS testing; essentially derived variety AB The United States offers several ways for plant breeders to protect their inventions; plant patents, utility patents, or plant variety protection. There are differences in the type of material that can be protected under each system and the criteria used to examine the application. There is often confusion among applicants regarding why the United States has so many choices, which choice or choices apply to their situation, how to file an application and how that application will be examined. This article provides a basic overview of plant patents, utility patents and plant variety protection in the US. C1 USDA, Plant Variety Protect Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Strachan, JM (reprint author), USDA, Plant Variety Protect Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janice.strachan@ams.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0971-7544 J9 J INTELLECT PROP RIG JI J. Intellect. Prop. Rights PD MAR PY 2011 VL 16 IS 2 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 755DC UT WOS:000289905900003 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B. TI OPTIMAL NUTRITIONAL INTAKES FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL HEALTH SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1st IOF-ESCEO Pre-Clinical Symposium CY MAR 23-26, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 22 SU 1 BP 415 EP 416 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 738SI UT WOS:000288662000767 ER PT J AU Vartapetian, B Crawford, R Sachs, M Hill, R Fagerstedt, K Dolferus, R Kuznetsov, V AF Vartapetian, B. Crawford, R. Sachs, M. Hill, R. Fagerstedt, K. Dolferus, R. Kuznetsov, Vl. TI The International Society for Plant Anaerobiosis and Its Role in Opening a New Avenue of Research SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper is dedicated to the 35 year jubilee of the founding and the activity of the International Society for Plant Anaerobiosis (ISPA). The role of ISPA members in opening new avenues of research is emphasized. Major developments in the study of plant hypoxic and anoxic stress achieved during subsequent decades are considered. Special attention is given to plant adaptation and damage under conditions of oxygen deficiency and complete absence of oxygen as well as during the post-anaerobic period. Plant metabolic adaptation to anaerobic stress and the capacity of some plants to avoid anaerobiosis are discussed. C1 [Vartapetian, B.; Kuznetsov, Vl.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol, Moscow 127276, Russia. [Crawford, R.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. [Sachs, M.] ARS, USDA, MWA Soubean, Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Hill, R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Fagerstedt, K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Dolferus, R.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Vartapetian, B (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol, Bot Skaya Ul 35, Moscow 127276, Russia. EM borisvartapet@ippras.ru OI Fagerstedt, Kurt/0000-0002-6839-2958 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 2 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1134/S1021443711020221 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 759TP UT WOS:000290271700025 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW Londergan, RJ AF Teske, M. E. Thistle, H. W. Londergan, R. J. TI MODIFICATION OF DROPLET EVAPORATION IN THE SIMULATION OF FINE DROPLET MOTION USING AGDISP SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerial spray model; AGDISP; Droplet evaporation; Relative humidity; Time step ID AERIAL SPRAY DRIFT; INTERACTIVE PROCESSES; MODEL; DYNAMICS; GASIFICATION; IRRIGATION; COMBUSTION; ARRAYS; CLOUDS AB The current version of AGDISP incorporates a well-established representation of the aircraft vortices, wind speed, evaporation, canopy, and spray physical properties. However, several modeling areas have not been re-examined in several years, and it seems appropriate to investigate the algorithms involved with parsing the drop size distribution, the impact of the evaporation rate on droplet size, the behavior of the integration time step, and the approximate effect of spray cloud relative humidity. C1 [Teske, M. E.] Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Londergan, R. J.] ARCADIS, Chelmsford, MA USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. EM milt@continuum-dynamics.com NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400004 ER PT J AU Sexton, AM Shirmohammadi, A Sadeghi, AM Montas, HJ AF Sexton, A. M. Shirmohammadi, A. Sadeghi, A. M. Montas, H. J. TI IMPACT OF PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY ON CRITICAL SWAT OUTPUT SIMULATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE MFORM; Parameter uncertainty; SWAT; TMDL ID PIEDMONT PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGION; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; TMDL DEVELOPMENT; CALIBRATION; RIVER; IMPLEMENTATION; VALIDATION; TRANSPORT AB Watershed models are increasingly being utilized to evaluate alternate management scenarios for improving water quality. The concern for using these tools in extensive programs such as the national Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program is that the certainty of model results and efficacy of management scenarios are not often measured and therefore are not well known. In this study, we used the mean value first-order reliability method (MFORM), a computationally efficient uncertainly analysis method, to determine the contribution of parameter uncertainty to total model uncertainty in streamflow, sediment, and nutrient outputs in a small Maryland watershed. Examination of sensitive and uncertain parameters revealed that parameters not considered highly sensitive contributed to model output uncertainty to a large extent. Therefore, highly sensitive parameters should not be the only parameters considered in uncertainty or calibration analyses. Measures of output uncertainty showed that sediment had the largest amount of variance from its mean value (CV = 28%), while nitrate, phosphate, and streamflow had considerably less variance, with annual average CVs of 19%, 17%, and 15%, respectively. The largest amounts of model uncertainty occurred during wet periods. This study concluded that with improved knowledge of the true value and associated uncertainty of input parameters, and improved algorithms to capture the variability of rainfall and associated flow, watershed water quality models will be of much greater use to TMDL studies and studies alike. C1 [Sexton, A. M.; Sadeghi, A. M.] USDA ARS, HRSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sexton, A. M.; Montas, H. J.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shirmohammadi, A.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sexton, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, HRSL, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aisha.sexton@gmail.com NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 461 EP 471 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400009 ER PT J AU DeJonge, KC Andales, AA Ascough, JC Hansen, NC AF DeJonge, K. C. Andales, A. A. Ascough, J. C., II Hansen, N. C. TI MODELING OF FULL AND LIMITED IRRIGATION SCENARIOS FOR CORN IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE CERES-Maize; Crop modeling; Deficit irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Limited irrigation ID CERES-MAIZE MODEL; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; FIELD-SCALE; MANAGEMENT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; STRATEGIES; IMPACT AB Population growth in urbanizing areas such as the Front Range of Colorado has led to increased pressure to transfer water from agriculture to municipalities. In some cases, farmers may remain agriculturally productive while practicing limited or deficit irrigation, where substantial yields may be obtained with reduced water applications during non-water-sensitive growth stages, and crop evapotranspiration (ET) savings could then be leased by municipalities or other entities as desired. Site-specific crop simulation models have the potential to accurately predict yield and ET trends resulting from differences in irrigation management. The objective of this study was to statistically determine the ability of the CERES-Maize model to accurately differentiate between full and limited irrigation treatments in northeastern Colorado in terms of evapotranspiration (ET), crop growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation use efficiency (IUE). Field experiments with corn were performed near Fort Collins, Colorado, from 2006 to 2008, where four replicates each of full (100% of ET requirement for an entire season) and limited (100% of ET during reproductive stage only) irrigation treatments were evaluated. Observations of soil profile water content, leaf area index, leaf number, and grain yield were used to calibrate (2007) and evaluate (2006 and 2008) the model. Additionally, ET and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated from a field water balance and compared to model estimates. Over the three years evaluated, CERES-Maize agreed with observed trends in anthesis date, seasonal cumulative ET (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency E(NS) = 0.966 for full irrigation and 0.835 for limited irrigation), leaf number in 2007 (E(NS) = 0.949 for full irrigation and 0.900 for limited irrigation), leaf area index in 2008 (E(NS) = 0.896 for full irrigation and 0.666 for limited irrigation), and yield (relative error RE = 4.1% for full irrigation and -3.4% for limited irrigation). Simulation of late-season leaf area index in limited irrigation was underestimated, indicating model overestimation of water stress. Simulated cumulative ET trends were similar to observed values, although CERES-Maize showed some tendency to underpredict for full irrigation (RE = -7.2% over all years) and overpredict for limited irrigation (RE = 12.7% over all years). Limited irrigation observations showed a significant increase in WUE over full irrigation in two of the three years; however, the model was unable to replicate these results due to underestimation of ET differences between treatments. While CERES-Maize generally agreed with observed trends for full and limited irrigation scenarios, simulation results show that the model could benefit from a more robust water stress algorithm that can accurately reproduce plant responses such as those observed in this study. C1 [DeJonge, K. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Andales, A. A.; Hansen, N. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP DeJonge, KC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Campus Delivery 1372, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kendall.dejonge@colostate.edu RI Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013; Basso, Bruno/A-3128-2012 OI Basso, Bruno/0000-0003-2090-4616 NR 59 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 481 EP 492 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400011 ER PT J AU Motabar, P Lefcourt, AM Tasch, U Kim, MS Rostamian, R AF Motabar, P. Lefcourt, A. M. Tasch, U. Kim, M. S. Rostamian, R. TI USE OF INERTIAL PROPERTIES TO ORIENT TOMATOES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Apple; Inertial effect; Machine vision; Orientation; Tomato ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SIZE DETERMINATION; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; APPLES; FRUIT AB Recent theoretical and experimental results have demonstrated that it is possible to orient quasi-spherical objects such as apples by taking advantage of inertial effects during rotation. In practice, an apple rolled down a track consisting of two parallel rails tends to move to an orientation in which the stem/calyx axis is parallel to the plane of the track and perpendicular to the direction of travel as angular velocity increases. In this study, orientation tests were conducted using hothouse, globe, and plum tomatoes to demonstrate that quasi-spherical produce other than apples could be oriented using inertial effects. In addition, to allow testing of theoretical predictions regarding effects of shape on the orientation process, the three tomato cultivars were selected to correspond to the three shape classes used to for theoretical analyses: elongated, spherical, and squat. Single-pass and three-pass orientation rates for hothouse and plum tomatoes were about 90% and 100%, respectively. For the globe tomatoes, which tended to be "perfectly" spherical and which had uniform internal density distributions, three-pass orientation rates approached 90%. These results support the theoretical finding that it would be relatively easy to orient elongated and squat objects, and more difficult to orient spherical objects. In conclusion, rolling quasi-spherical produce down tracks consisting of two parallel rails is a commercially viable method for orienting such produce for imaging. C1 [Motabar, P.; Lefcourt, A. M.; Kim, M. S.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Motabar, P.; Lefcourt, A. M.; Tasch, U.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Rostamian, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alan.lefcourt@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 517 EP 525 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400014 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, S. O. Trabelsi, S. TI MODELS FOR THE MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF GRAIN AND SEED SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bulk density; Dielectric constant; Dielectric loss factor; Grain; Microwave measurements; Models; Moisture; Permittivity; Seed ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; BULK-DENSITY; FREQUENCIES; WHEAT AB Based on microwave dielectric properties of wheat, corn, barley, oats, grain sorghum, soybeans, canola, shelled peanuts, and pod peanuts measured over ranges of frequency and moisture content, models are developed for predicting the dielectric constant and loss factor of these commodities. Nearly linear relationships between dielectric properties and log of frequency or frequency and moisture content permit multiple linear regression models to be developed for predicting dielectric constants and loss factors for each kind of grain and seed at 23 degrees C. The models predict dielectric constants with standard errors of 1% to 2% with some up to about 4% for grain and seed at frequencies in the range from 5 to 15 GHz over given moisture ranges. Loss factors are predicted with standard errors of a few percent, but much larger errors can naturally result when loss factors are very small. C1 [Nelson, S. O.; Trabelsi, S.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400018 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, R. O. TI SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND API GRAVITY OF BIODIESEL AND ULTRA-LOW-SULFUR DIESEL (ULSD) BLENDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE API gravity; Biodiesel; Blend ratio; Fatty acid methyl esters; Soybean oil; Specific gravity; Used cooking oil ID TEMPERATURES; FUEL AB Biodiesel is an alternative fuel made from vegetable oils and animal fats. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency mandated a maximum sulfur content of 15 ppm in on-road diesel fuels. Processing to produce the new ultra-low-sulfur petrodiesel (ULSD) alters the specific gravity (SG) and other fuel properties. Accurate determination of SG (or density) of fuels is necessary for conversion of measured volume to volume or mass at standard temperature. Furthermore, SG is generally correlated against performance indicators such as cetane number and heating value. The present study addresses the need to develop a better understanding of how blending biodiesel with ULSD affects SG. The effects of biodiesel volumetric blend ratio (V(BD)) on SG were evaluated for blends of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from soybean oil (SME) from three different fuel producers and FAME from used cooking oil (UCOME) in ULSD. Regression analysis of results at 15.6 degrees C and 40 degrees C indicated that SG increased linearly with respect to increasing VBD. Average differences between predicted and measured values were less than 0.001. Results for blends of the three SMEs in ULSD were pooled to yield a combined linear correlation for SME/ULSD blends (R(2) = 0.999 for SG at 15.6 degrees C). The API gravities of blends were determined from SG data at 15.6 degrees C. Two methods were proposed to calculate API gravity of a given blend with V(BD) = BX (X vol% biodiesel). Method! was to determine SG from the appropriate linear correlation reported in this work and calculate API gravity accordingly. The accuracy of this method depended on the precision in calculating SG (noted above). Method II involved determining API gravities of the unblended components and taking a volumetric average at VBD = BX. Accuracy of method II was <= 0.11 degrees based on predicted and measured values. It was concluded that both methods were capable of very precise determination of the API gravity of biodiesel/ULSD blends. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biooils Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biooils Res Unit, Room 3201,1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 571 EP 579 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400021 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Jones, DD AF Brown-Brandl, T. M. Jones, D. D. TI FEEDLOT CATTLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HEAT STRESS: AN ANIMAL-SPECIFIC MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Animal susceptibility; Cattle; Fuzzy inference systems; Heat stress; Modeling ID MULTIPLE CONCURRENT STRESSORS; BOS-INDICUS CATTLE; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE INDICATORS; TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY INDEX; DAIRY-COWS; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; BODY-COMPOSITION; TAURUS; BREEDS; PERFORMANCE AB The extreme effects of heat stress can cause losses exceeding 5% of all the cattle on feed in a single feedlot. These losses can be devastating to a localized area of feedlot producers. Animal heat stress is a result of the combination of three different components: environmental conditions, animal susceptibility, and management. This article describes the development of a model to predict individual animal susceptibility to heat stress. The model utilizes a hierarchical knowledge-based fuzzy inference system with 11 animal characteristics (color, sex, species, temperament, hair thickness, previous exposure to hot conditions, age, condition score, previous cases of pneumonia, previous other health issues, and current health) to predict susceptibility to heat stress. For model validation, a team of experts was asked to assess the susceptibility to heat stress of ten hypothetical animals. The output of the model was tested against the experts' opinions. The validation equation had a slope of 1.038 +/- 0.047 with an intercept of -0.063 +/- 0.028 and an R-2 value of 0.88. The opinions of the experts were also compared to the model output by comparing the stress susceptibility class of each of the ten hypothetical animals. The model and the experts agreed perfectly on seven of the ten animals. Further, the model prediction and the experts' opinions deviated by no more than one class on the remaining three animals. This exercise revealed that there was agreement between the model output and the experts' opinions. C1 [Brown-Brandl, T. M.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Environm Management Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Jones, D. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Environm Management Res Unit, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM tami.brownbrandl@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 583 EP 598 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400022 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Hatfield, JL Haan, FL AF Sauer, T. J. Hatfield, J. L. Haan, F. L., Jr. TI A WIND TUNNEL STUDY OF AIRFLOW NEAR MODEL SWINE CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Airflow; Air quality; Confinement buildings; Swine; Wind tunnels ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; ODOR EMISSION; DISPERSION; SIMULATION; FACILITY; WAKE AB One of the most significant and persistent environmental concerns regarding swine production is the transport of odor constituents, trace gases, and particulates from animal production and manure storage facilities. The objectives of this study were to determine how swine housing unit orientation affects air velocity and turbulence and to assess the opportunities for reducing off-site transport of air quality constituents from manure storage facilities located downstream from confinement buildings. Measurements were made with 1:300 models of swine finisher buildings in a low-speed wind tunnel capable of producing air velocities up to 12 m s(-1) (27 mph). Runs were completed with no building models, with one housing unit oriented parallel and perpendicular to airflow, and with four housing units oriented parallel, perpendicular, and at a 30 degrees angle to airflow. Velocity and turbulence measurements were completed in a grid of 83 points within a 215 mm high x 400 mm wide (8.5 x 15.7 in.) vertical plane at separation distances 2H, 5H, and 10H downstream from the building model arrays (H = model height of 17.5 mm) using a constant temperature anemometer system with a 3-D hot-film probe. A large zone of reduced longitudinal velocity (u) and increased turbulence intensity (I(u)) in the wake of model buildings oriented perpendicular to flow was observed and was still apparent 10H downstream. The size and strength of this turbulent wake is attributed to the sloping roofs of the building models that, with a frontal vortex under the upwind building cave, create an unexpectedly tall wake zone in the building lee. One or four parallel building model arrays exhibited the least influence on downstream velocities and turbulence intensities. One perpendicular and four 30 degrees models produced intermediate effects. The observed reduction in air velocity up to 10H downstream from multiple buildings oriented perpendicular to the airflow suggests that entrainment and transport of air quality constituents from manure storage structures may be reduced when these structures are located in this zone. However, increased turbulence in the wake zone and field conditions with variable wind speed and direction and atmospheric stability may counter the effects of reduced velocity. Tracer studies, either in wind tunnel experiments or in the field, are needed to verify the potential for building orientation and spacing to reduce transport of air quality constituents from manure storage structures. C1 [Sauer, T. J.; Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Haan, F. L., Jr.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.sauer@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board [05-118] FX We wish to thank Jadon Kool, Paul Doi, Tom DeSutter, Aaron Reiter, Tom Trausch, James McNaul, Wade Kent, and Shannon Kulisky for their assistance in this study. This research was supported by the National Pork Board (Grant No. 05-118). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 643 EP 652 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400027 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Woodbury, BL Doran, BE Eigenberg, RA Kohl, KD Varel, VH Berry, ED Wells, JE AF Spiehs, M. J. Woodbury, B. L. Doran, B. E. Eigenberg, R. A. Kohl, K. D. Varel, V. H. Berry, E. D. Wells, J. E. TI ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN BEEF DEEP-BEDDED MONO-SLOPE FACILITIES: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Beef; Deep-bedded system; Escherichia coli; Manure; Mono-slope barn; Nutrients; Odor ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; LIVESTOCK WASTE; CATTLE; MANURE; VOLATILIZATION; FEEDLOT; PREVALENCE; ODOR; PHOSPHORUS AB In the Northern Great Plains, interest in feeding cattle in enclosed beef deep-bedded mono-slope facilities (BDMF) has increased. Characterization of environmental factors impacting odor and gas emissions, nutrient excretion, and pathogens is needed to develop recommendations for management of BDMF The objectives of this study were to determine spatial variability of ammonia (NH3) in the air and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the bedded pack and to quantify environmental factors during various seasons. The effects of environmental factors on concentrations of NH3 and VOC were determined. The nutrient content and occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli concentrations in bedded pack material were also determined. High spatial variability was observed for steady-state NH3 concentration on the pen surface. Ammonia concentration increased as pack and ambient air temperatures increased (p < 0.01). The temperature humidity index inside the barn was significantly greater than outside the barn during hot and cold months. Concentrations of VOC were highest in transition areas between the bedded pack and the concrete floor. Depth, moisture content, and pH of the bedded pack were poorly correlated to concentrations of NH3 and VOC (r(2) <= 0.09). Manure from BDMF contained 80% volatile solids. E. coli O157:H7 prevalence and generic E. coli concentrations occurred at high levels in BDMF and varied seasonally. Priority should be given to NH3 and E. coli mitigation during hot months, but location-specific NH3 mitigation will not be effective due to random distribution in the pen. Frequent cleaning of areas surrounding the bedded pack should reduce VOC concentrations. C1 [Spiehs, M. J.; Woodbury, B. L.; Eigenberg, R. A.; Varel, V. H.; Berry, E. D.; Wells, J. E.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Doran, B. E.] Iowa State Univ Extens, Orange City, IA USA. [Kohl, K. D.] Iowa State Univ Extens, Storm Lake, IA USA. RP Spiehs, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18 D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mindy.spiehs@ars.usda.gov FU Iowa Beef Center FX The authors thank the producers and barn managers for their willingness to participate in this study. Sincere appreciation is expressed to Todd Boman, John Holman, Shannon Kempers, and Maria Verburg for assistance with data collection and to Alan Kruger, Shannon Ostdiek, Dee Kucera, Bruce Jasch, and Sue Wise for laboratory analysis of the samples. We gratefully acknowledge the grant awarded by the Iowa Beef Center to partially fund this project. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 663 EP 673 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400029 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA AF Brown-Brandl, T. M. Nienaber, J. A. Eigenberg, R. A. TI TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL IN INDIRECT CALORIMETER CHAMBERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Design; Environmental control; Humidity; Indirect calorimeter; Temperature ID RESPONSES; DESIGN AB A three-chamber, indirect calorimeter has been a part of the Environmental Laboratory at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) for over 25 years. Corrosion of the animal chambers and unreliable temperature control necessitated either major repairs or complete replacement. There is a strong demand for heat production measurements; therefore, a new four-chamber calorimetry system was designed and constructed. The objective of this article is to describe the design of the calorimeters, including the chambers, heating and cooling systems, and animal penning system, verify the proper gas sampling techniques, and document the environmental control system. The chambers are both temperature and humidity controlled, with air-handling units contained within each animal chamber to reduce air leak potential. The temperature and humidity controllers are both capable of cyclic and constant patterns within a nominal range. A total of 264 calorimetry runs were conducted to verify the temperature and humidity control with the four calorimeter chambers. These measurements were used to test the environmental controls (dry bulb and dewpoint temperatures). A total of 14 heat production verification runs were completed on the four calorimeters to verify the indirect calorimetry system and ensure that the chambers are airtight. Environmental control of the four calorimeters was very good, and only small changes to the protocol were identified that could improve the overall performance of the system. The heat production verification runs showed an O(2) error of less than 1.5% and a CO(2) error of less than 1.0%, thus ensuring that the system is airtight and functioning correctly as an indirect calorimeter. C1 [Brown-Brandl, T. M.; Nienaber, J. A.; Eigenberg, R. A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Tami.brownbrandl@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 685 EP 692 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400031 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Chao, K Chan, DE Jun, W Lefcourt, AM Delwiche, SR Kang, S Lee, K AF Kim, M. S. Chao, K. Chan, D. E. Jun, W. Lefcourt, A. M. Delwiche, S. R. Kang, S. Lee, K. TI LINE-SCAN HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING PLATFORM FOR AGRO-FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY EVALUATION: SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Hyperspectral; Line-scan imaging; Reflectance; Spectral calibration ID MACHINE VISION; FOOD QUALITY; INSPECTION; CITRUS; ALGORITHM AB Line-scan-based hyperspectral imaging techniques have often served as a research tool to develop rapid multispectral methods based on only a few spectral bands for rapid online applications. With continuing technological advances and greater accessibility to and availability of optoelectronic imaging sensors and spectral imaging spectrographs, the range of implementation for hyperspectral imaging has been broadening across quality and safety inspection needs in the food and agricultural industries. We have developed a series of food inspection imaging systems based on hyperspectral line-scan imaging with the use of a low-light sensitive, electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD). In this methodology article, the spectral and spatial system performance of the latest generation of the ARS hyperspectral imaging system, which is capable of reflectance and fluorescence measurements in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions from 400 to 1000 nm, is evaluated. Results show that the spectral resolution of the system is 4.4 nm at full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and 6 nm FWHM at our typical operation mode (6-pixel spectral binning). We enhanced the system throughput responses by using spectral weighting filters to better utilize the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter. With this system throughput adjustment, noise-equivalent reflectance measurements were significantly reduced by approximately 50% in the NIR region for a range of standard diffuse reflectance targets. The responsivity of the system from 450 to 950 nm was determined to be linear. C1 [Kim, M. S.; Chao, K.; Chan, D. E.; Jun, W.; Lefcourt, A. M.] USDA ARS EMFSL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Delwiche, S. R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kang, S.; Lee, K.] Natl Inst Agr Engn, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS EMFSL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM moon.kim@ars.usda.gov FU Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea [PJ007208] FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the Bio-Green 21 Program (No. PJ007208), Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 703 EP 711 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400033 ER PT J AU Shane, EM Endres, MI Russelle, MP Rosen, CJ Johnson, DG AF Shane, E. M. Endres, M. I. Russelle, M. P. Rosen, C. J. Johnson, D. G. TI COMPOST: A POTENTIAL VALUE-ADDED PRODUCT FOR DAIRY OPERATIONS? SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Compost; Compost bedded pack; Manure ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; SWINE MANURE; STRAW; NITROGEN; SAWDUST; SLUDGE; FATE; C/N AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the composting potential of various bedding materials that were previously used in experimental compost bedded packs for dairy cows. Each material was placed in windrows (1.8 m high, 9.1 m long, and 2.3 m wide) from April 2007 to September 2007 and managed as needed to promote composting. Materials included: sawdust (SD) (control), corn cobs (CC), wood chip fines/sawdust mix (WC/SD), soybean straw (SS), wood chip fines/soybean straw mix (WC/SS), and soybean straw/sawdust mix (SS/SD). Replicated samples were taken weekly and analyzed for dry matter (DM). Carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio), pH., total C, total N, NH4-N, and NO3-N were measured once monthly. Temperature was measured twice weekly. Total P, total K, and EC were measured at the beginning and end of the composting period. Windrow temperatures exceeded 55 degrees C for 10 to 96 days, and coliform populations were reduced from 10(6) or 10(7) to 500 cfu/mL or fewer in all materials. CC, SS/WC, WC/SS, and SS were the only materials that decreased (P < 0.05) in moisture content from day 0 to day 138. Materials were similar when comparing day 0 and day 138 for NH4-N, total N, and inorganic N concentrations. SS, SS/SD, WC/SS, and WC/SD all decreased in total C and C:N ratio(P < 0.05) from day 0 to day 138. C:N ratios were below 20:1 at the end of the composting period, with the exception of SD and WC/SD. Based on these results, all materials composted during the time period and would potentially work as a soil amendment/mulch if proper composting takes place. C1 [Shane, E. M.; Endres, M. I.; Johnson, D. G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, M. P.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Rosen, C. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Endres, MI (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, 1364 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM miendres@umn.edu FU North Central Region SARE FX This project was funded by North Central Region SARE under a cooperative agreement with the University of Minnesota. Since 1988, SARE has advanced farming systems that are profitable, environmentally sound, and good for communities (www.sare.org). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 754TX UT WOS:000289881500008 ER PT J AU Vick, BD Almas, LK AF Vick, B. D. Almas, L. K. TI DEVELOPING WIND AND/OR SOLAR POWERED CROP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR THE GREAT PLAINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Solar; Wind; Irrigation; Great Plains; Texas High Plains; Crop; PV; Wind turbine; Cost; Payback; IRR AB Some small scale, off-grid irrigation systems (< 2.5 ha) that are powered by wind or solar energy are cost effective, but this article discusses ways to achieve an economical renewable energy powered center pivot irrigation system for crops in the Great Plains. It was found that partitioning the center pivot irrigation system between a winter crop and a summer crop improved the match of wind turbine power generation to irrigation energy required. It was also found that a solar-photovoltaic (PV) array was a better match to the irrigation energy requirement of a winter and summer crop than using only a wind turbine, but a wind/solar hybrid was a better match than wind alone. Although solar PV systems were shown to be a better match than wind turbines for irrigation power requirements, solar PV systems are more expensive than small wind turbine systems for large-scale irrigation water requirements in the Great Plains. Including on-farm uses for the excess wind and solar electricity instead of selling the electricity back to a utility company at usually low prices, improves the profitability of a renewable energy powered irrigation system significantly. For a utility electrical price of $0.10/kWh, a wind turbine installed price of $3000/kW, no loan required (e.g. no loan costs), and the excess renewable energy generated electricity used for on-farm use only, a payback period of seven to eight years was possible with no state or federal incentives. With 55% federal incentives and the same assumptions, a payback period of four to five years was possible. Also, if the assumed operations and maintenance costs doubled, the payback period increased about two years. However, cost reductions are still required for both wind and solar energy systems in order that renewable energy systems can be competitive without the need for state or federal incentives when loans at 90% of installed cost with a 6% interest rate are required. C1 [Vick, B. D.] ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Almas, L. K.] W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX USA. RP Vick, BD (reprint author), ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Brian.Vick@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 754TX UT WOS:000289881500009 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Pyle, DJ Piazza, GJ Wen, Z AF Garcia, R. A. Pyle, D. J. Piazza, G. J. Wen, Z. TI HYDROLYSIS OF ANIMAL PROTEIN MEALS FOR IMPROVED UTILITY IN NON-FEED APPLICATIONS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Rendered protein; Meat and bone meal; Hydrolysis; Solubilization; Molar mass distribution ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; KERATINOUS MATERIALS; LIME TREATMENT; GENERATION; FEATHERS; FEED AB Rendered proteins are well suited for animal nutrition applications, but due to their insolubility, inhomogeneity, and the presence of non-protein substances, they are difficult to utilize in other applications. In an attempt to overcome these obstacles to utilization, three types of rendered proteins [meat and bone meal (MBM), feather meal (FM), and blood meal (BM.)] were partially defatted and then hydrolyzed to varying extents using calcium hydroxide or one of three enzymatic treatments, in 4- or 6-L batches. After centrifugation, filtration, and spray drying, these hydrolysates were analyzed for changes in physical and chemical properties that relate to their potential utility. In all cases, the proportion of organic matter solubilized increased along with hydrolysis duration, although the molar mass distribution of the hydrolysis product only had a weak dependence on hydrolysis duration; the soluble material consisted of very small peptides at all time points. Alkali-hydrolysis was not effective in yielding a product low in ash; although the insoluble ash in MBM and FM appears not to have been carried over into the product, it was replaced by significant amounts of calcium salts; corresponding enzymatically-hydrolyzed batches contained approximately 40% less ash. Alkali-hydrolysis in particular had effects on the amino acid composition of the products, destroying some amino acids and creating others, including the cross-linked amino acids lysinoalanine and lanthionine; enzymatic hydrolysis effects on amino acid composition were different in type and generally lesser in magnitude. It is concluded that hydrolysis is a promising treatment for increasing the non-feed utility of rendered animal proteins. C1 [Garcia, R. A.; Piazza, G. J.] ARS, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Pyle, D. J.; Wen, Z.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), ARS, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Rafael.Garcia@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 754TX UT WOS:000289881500013 ER PT J AU Neufeld, HS Poindexter, DB Murakami, PF Schaberg, PG AF Neufeld, Howard S. Poindexter, Derick B. Murakami, Paula F. Schaberg, Paul G. TI Observations on the Relationship Between Above- and Below-Ground Anthocyanin Production in Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt Growing in Sun-Exposed and Shaded Locations SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article AB Galax urceolata (Diapensiaceae) is a common evergreen herb of southern Appalachian forests. During the fall and winter, leaves of plants in high light produce substantial amounts of anthocyanins. Oddly, rhizomes in these plants also accumulate anthocyanins. The purpose of this observational study was to identify seasonal trends in anthocyanin production in above- and below-ground tissues of Galax. We measured anthocyanins and chlorophyll in Galax using standard extraction and spectrophotometric procedures from plants in sun-exposed and shaded locations; one population at Mount Jefferson State Natural Area in fall 2007 and two at Grandfather Mountain in fall/winter 2008-09. Rhizome carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starch) were measured from the Grandfather populations using high performance liquid chromatography. We found significantly more anthocyanins in leaves and rhizomes of plants from sun-exposed locations compared to plants from shaded locations, but no differences in carbohydrate concentrations. Starch levels declined significantly through the fall/winter of 2008-09, while soluble sugars, such as sucrose, raffinose, and fructose, increased. Rhizomal anthocyanins were distributed throughout the entire cross-section except for the vascular tissues, whereas in petioles and leaves, they were restricted to the epidermal or subepidermal layers. Rhizomal anthocyanins often concentrated around lateral roots as they penetrated the cortex. These results contradict the paradigm that light is always required for anthocyanin production, and suggest the possibility of some form of communication between leaves and rhizomes with respect to anthocyanin content, although the nature of that signal is unknown. At this time, the adaptive significance of below-ground anthocyanins in Galax remains unresolved. C1 [Neufeld, Howard S.; Poindexter, Derick B.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Murakami, Paula F.; Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Neufeld, HS (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, 572 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM neufeldhs@appstate.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP 84 EP 98 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 757JF UT WOS:000290080600007 ER PT J AU Liu, H Peatman, E Wang, WQ Abernathy, J Liu, SK Kucuktas, H Lu, JG Xu, DH Klesius, P Waldbieser, G Liu, ZJ AF Liu, Hong Peatman, Eric Wang, Wenqi Abernathy, Jason Liu, Shikai Kucuktas, Huseyin Lu, Jianguo Xu, De-Hai Klesius, Phillip Waldbieser, Geoff Liu, Zhanjiang TI Molecular responses of calreticulin genes to iron overload and bacterial challenge in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Teleost; Catfish; Infection; Fish; Iron; Calreticulin ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; EXPRESSION; CELLS; BINDING; INFECTION; CHAPERONE; CALCIUM; STRESS; DOMAINS AB Infection and inflammation are often accompanied by oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species which can be deleterious to the health of the host. Antioxidant defense mechanisms and components are crucial in limiting cellular and tissue-level damage and restoring homeostasis. In mammals, calreticulin is a 46-kDa multifunctional calcium binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that has many critical functions in the eukaryotic cell including regulation of intracellular calcium homoeostasis, lectin binding and chaperoning, and oxidative stress responses. In previous studies from our lab, the calreticulin gene was observed to be strongly upregulated in catfish during challenge with infectious Gram-negative bacteria. However, little is known about the function of this gene in teleost fish. The objective of this study, therefore, was to characterize the calreticulin gene from channel catfish, to determine its genomic organization, to profile its patterns of tissue expression, and to establish its potential for physiological antioxidant and immune responses in catfish after bacterial infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri and iron treatment. Our results indicate that there are at least three calreticulin related genes in the catfish genome. The three calreticulin genes are widely expressed in various tissues under homeostatic conditions and their expression showed significant upregulation following infection and/or iron level changes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Hong; Peatman, Eric; Wang, Wenqi; Abernathy, Jason; Liu, Shikai; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Lu, Jianguo; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Liu, Hong; Peatman, Eric; Wang, Wenqi; Abernathy, Jason; Liu, Shikai; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Lu, Jianguo; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Liu, Hong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoff] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zliu@acesag.auburn.edu RI Liu, Shikai /D-4664-2013; OI Liu, Shikai /0000-0001-5777-489X; Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239 FU USDA [2009-35205-05101]; USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Auburn, AL [58-6420-5-030]; USDA, ARS CRIS [6402-31000-08-00D] FX This project was supported by a grant from the USDA AFRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program (USDA/NRICGP award # 2009-35205-05101), and in part by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Auburn, AL under Contract Number 58-6420-5-030, and by USDA, ARS CRIS 6402-31000-08-00D. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.009 PG 6 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 754QN UT WOS:000289871800006 PM 21093478 ER PT J AU James, JJ Drenovsky, RE Monaco, TA Rinella, MJ AF James, J. J. Drenovsky, R. E. Monaco, T. A. Rinella, M. J. TI Managing soil nitrogen to restore annual grass-infested plant communities: effective strategy or incomplete framework? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE annual grasses; carbon addition; cheatgrass; Great Basin; invasion; medusahead; restoration; soil N management ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; PERENNIAL GRASSES; NATIVE GRASSES; ASYMMETRIC COMPETITION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; SEEDLING GROWTH; WILD PLANTS AB Theoretical and empirical work has established a positive relationship between resource availability and habitat invasibility. For nonnative invasive annual grasses, similar to other invasive species, invader success has been tied most often to increased nitrogen (N) availability. These observations have led to the logical assumption that managing soils for low N availability will facilitate restoration of invasive plant-dominated systems. Although invasive annual grasses pose a serious threat to a number of perennial-dominated ecosystems worldwide, there has been no quantitative synthesis evaluating the degree to which soil N management may facilitate restoration efforts. We used meta-analysis to evaluate the degree to which soil N management impacts growth and competitive ability of annual and perennial grass seedlings. We then link our analysis to current theories of plant ecological strategies and community assembly to improve our ability to understand how soil N management may be used to restore annual grass-dominated communities. Across studies, annual grasses maintained higher growth rates and greater biomass and tiller production than perennials under low and high N availability. We found no evidence that lowering N availability fundamentally alters competitive interactions between annual and perennial grass seedlings. Competitive effects of annual neighbors on perennial targets were similar under low and high N availability. Moreover, in most cases perennials grown under competition in high-N soils produced more biomass than perennials grown under competition in low-N soils. While these findings counter current restoration and soil N management assumptions, these results are consistent with current plant ecological strategy and community assembly theory. Based on our results and these theories we argue that, in restoration scenarios in which the native plant community is being reassembled from seed, soil N management will have no direct positive effect on native plant establishment unless invasive plant propagule pools and priority effects are controlled the first growing season. C1 [James, J. J.] USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97220 USA. [Drenovsky, R. E.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. [Monaco, T. A.] USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rinella, M. J.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97220 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 107 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 490 EP 502 DI 10.1890/10-0280.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754YJ UT WOS:000289893500017 PM 21563579 ER PT J AU Evans, JA Davis, AS AF Evans, Jeffrey A. Davis, Adam S. TI Consequences of parameterization and structure of applied demographic models: a comment on Pardini et al. (2009) SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Letter ID ALLIARIA-PETIOLATA; GARLIC MUSTARD; BRASSICACEAE; POPULATION; DYNAMICS C1 [Evans, Jeffrey A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Evans, JA (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Jeffrey.Evans@dartmouth.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 608 EP 613 DI 10.1890/09-1776.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754YJ UT WOS:000289893500028 PM 21563590 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LL Gay, CG AF Rodriguez, Luis L. Gay, Cyril G. TI Development of vaccines toward the global control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE DIVA test; foot-and-mouth disease control; inactivated vaccine; modified live vaccine; molecular vaccine; recombinant vector vaccine ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DIRECT-CONTACT CHALLENGE; B CORE PROTEIN; G-H LOOP; EMERGENCY VACCINATION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; CAPSID PROTEINS; FMD VACCINES; VIRUS FMDV; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most economically and socially devastating diseases affecting animal agriculture throughout the world. Although mortality is usually low in adult animals, millions of animals have been killed in efforts to rapidly control and eradicate FMD. The causing virus, FM D virus (FM DV), is a highly variable RNA virus occurring in seven serotypes (A, O, C, Asia 1, Sat 1, Sat 2 and Sat 3) and a large number of subtypes. FMDV is one of the most infectious agents known, affecting cloven-hoofed animals with significant variations in infectivity and virus transmission. Although inactivated FMD vaccines have been available for decades, there is little or no cross-protection across serotypes and subtypes, requiring vaccines that are matched to circulating field strains. Current inactivated vaccines require growth of virulent virus, posing a threat of escape from manufacturing sites, have limited shelf life and require re-vaccination every 4-12 months. These vaccines have aided in the eradication of FMD from Europe and the control of clinical disease in many parts of the world, albeit at a very high cost. However, FMDV persists in endemic regions impacting millions of people dependent on livestock for food and their livelihood. Usually associated with developing countries that lack the resources to control it, FMD is a global problem and the World Organization for Animal Health and the United Nations' Food Agriculture Organization have called for its global control and eradication. One of the main limitations to FMDV eradication is the lack of vaccines designed for this purpose, vaccines that not only protect against clinical signs but that can actually prevent infection and effectively interrupt the natural transmission cycle. These vaccines should be safely and inexpensively produced, be easy to deliver, and also be capable of inducing lifelong immunity against multiple serotypes and subtypes. Furthermore, there is a need for better integrated strategies that fit the specific needs of endemic regions. Availability of these critical components will greatly enhance the chances for the global control and eradication of FMDV. C1 [Rodriguez, Luis L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, New York, NY USA. [Gay, Cyril G.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, New York, NY USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 108 TC 50 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 29 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1586/ERV.11.4 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 753JC UT WOS:000289767100016 PM 21434805 ER PT J AU Kennedy, E Webb, P Walker, P Saltzman, E Maxwell, D Nelson, M Booth, S AF Kennedy, Eileen Webb, Patrick Walker, Peter Saltzman, Edward Maxwell, Dan Nelson, Miriam Booth, Sarah TI The evolving food and nutrition agenda: Policy and research priorities for the coming decade SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE nutrition; food policy; hunger; obesity; research directions; food systems ID CHILD UNDERNUTRITION AB Enormous progress has been made in the past 100 years in improving diet and nutritional status. However, the job is not done. This paper summarizes some of the current challenges and proposes priorities for future research and policy development. The nutrition agenda is more complex than it was 100 years ago. The world now faces undernutrition side-by-side with dietary excess and related chronic diseases. The complexity of modern nutrition necessitates using a systems approach to identifying effective policies and programs. There is a renewed interest in addressing the new nutrition agenda. C1 [Kennedy, Eileen; Webb, Patrick; Walker, Peter; Saltzman, Edward; Maxwell, Dan; Nelson, Miriam; Booth, Sarah] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Saltzman, Edward; Booth, Sarah] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Eileen.kennedy@Tufts.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 758CM UT WOS:000290137700007 PM 21560465 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Kavallieratos, NG Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, Christos G. Arthur, Frank H. Kavallieratos, Nickolas G. Throne, James E. TI Efficacy of spinosad and methoprene, applied alone or in combination, against six stored-product insect species SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grain protectants; Spinosad; Methoprene; Stored-product insects ID RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA COLEOPTERA; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; PSOCID PESTS; F COLEOPTERA; WHEAT; CURCULIONIDAE; DUST AB Efficacy of the insecticides spinosad and methoprene, applied alone or in combination to wheat, was evaluated against six stored-product insect species, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and Liposcelis bostrychophila. The concentrations of the insecticides were 0.1 and 0.5 ppm for spinosad and 1 and 5 ppm for methoprene. Parental mortality of R. dominica was 100% on wheat treated with either rate of spinosad, with no progeny production in any combination treatment. Parental mortality of S. oryzae did not exceed 62%, and progeny production was not reduced by any insecticide treatment. All S. granarius adults exposed on wheat treated with spinosad alone at 0.5 ppm were killed, but parental mortality was reduced when methoprene was added. Progeny production was reduced in treatments containing spinosad. Mortality of adult C. ferrugineus was 97% or greater in treatments containing spinosad, but adult mortality of O. surinamensis and L. bostrychophila was not reduced by insecticide treatments. The specific combinations of spinosad and methoprene evaluated in our study would have no benefit over spinosad used alone for control of any of the six species tested. C1 [Athanassiou, Christos G.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Dev, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, N Ionia 38443, Magnisia, Greece. [Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Kavallieratos, Nickolas G.] Benaki Phytopathol Inst, Dept Entomol & Agr Zool, Lab Agr Entomol, Kifisia 14561, Attica, Greece. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Dev, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, Phytokou Str, N Ionia 38443, Magnisia, Greece. EM athanassiou@agr.uth.gr NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10340-010-0326-1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 754JJ UT WOS:000289850600008 ER PT J AU Raghu, S Spencer, JL Davis, AS Wiedenmann, RN AF Raghu, S. Spencer, J. L. Davis, A. S. Wiedenmann, R. N. TI Ecological considerations in the sustainable development of terrestrial biofuel crops SO CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Review ID GLOBAL WATER-RESOURCES; FRESH-WATER; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; ENERGY; AGRICULTURE; IMPACTS AB The emerging bioeconomy offers numerous potential benefits, including development of carbon-neutral energy sources, energy independence, production of novel bioproducts, and renewal of rural economies. Aside from the benefits, the emerging bioeconomy is likely to result in the single largest reconfiguration of the agricultural landscape since the advent of industrial agriculture. The scale and pace of this revolution pose significant challenges for sustainable bioeconomic development. We present and explore some of the key ecological and environmental challenges of one aspect of the bioeconomy - biofuel production. In assessing these challenges, we highlight the inadequacy of seeking simplistic solutions. We identify the need for a multidimensional approach to addressing these challenges. We propose that the framework of 'biocomplexity' enables such a multidimensional and cross-disciplinary consideration of biofuel production. Integration of such a systems approach to biofuel development, with a more-inclusive public engagement process, would be beneficial within a triple bottom line context. C1 [Raghu, S.] Arid Zone Res Inst, Alice Springs, NT, Australia. [Raghu, S.; Spencer, J. L.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Davis, A. S.] ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynthesis Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Wiedenmann, R. N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Raghu, S (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, USDA ABCL, GPO Box 2853, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM s.raghu@csiro.au RI Raghu, S./A-1281-2010; Spencer, Joseph/B-6876-2012 OI Raghu, S./0000-0001-5843-5435; Spencer, Joseph/0000-0003-4757-563X FU OECD FX We thank Andy Sheppard (CSIRO) for the invitation to participate in and contribute to the OECD-CSIRO symposium on 'Biosecurity in the new Bioeconomy', and the OECD for funding SR's attendance of the symposium. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-3435 J9 CURR OPIN ENV SUST JI Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.11.005 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 749UR UT WOS:000289496900004 ER PT J AU Sheppard, AW Raghu, S Begley, C Genovesi, P De Barro, P Tasker, A Roberts, B AF Sheppard, Andy W. Raghu, S. Begley, Cameron Genovesi, Piero De Barro, Paul Tasker, Al Roberts, Bill TI Biosecurity as an integral part of the new bioeconomy: a path to a more sustainable future SO CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Review ID BIOFUELS; BENEFITS; FOOD; ENVIRONMENT; BIOMASS; HEALTH; LAND AB The developing bio-energy and bio-product based industries that are driving the new bioeconomy pose significant biosecurity risks around the potential of associated new crops to (a) escape the agricultural systems within which they are expected to generate value to invade and cause economic or environmental harm elsewhere, (b) attract new pests that reduce yields or the yields of other related food crops in the landscape and (c) contaminate field to end product production chains of food crops when the same crops are being used. We discuss how best to use science to risk assess and provide solutions to predict likelihood new crops could turn feral and how to avert any negative consequences from a policy/regulatory standpoint. We also discuss how best to use science and public-private investment to ensure that such crops are managed sustainably with respect to pests and diseases, and manage the pest-disease risks that new crops pose to existing agricultural systems in a landscape context. Following this we focus specifically on the future policy and science needs to more effectively address these biosecurity imperatives. Science-based processes for assessing new crops for potential environmental risks they may pose as invaders are now well established and increasingly being adopted internationally, but their adoption in the developing world needs assistance and their effectiveness will be driven by jurisdictional perceptions of such risks. Such risk assessments in new regions can also benefit from previous experiences with GM crops. The application of sustainable pest management strategies to new non-food cropping will require public-private R&D investment to ensure against such threats. This is needed to insure public investments, such as subsidies and incentives, in these new crops against pest induced crop failure. Finally we outline fourteen recommendations we agreed were important globally to progress these biosecurity issues in the new bioeconomy to prevent greater environmental harm and pest disruptions than are already being experienced in agro-forestry systems. These recommendations also consider how best to assist poorly resourced developing countries on these issues. The outputs of this paper am to provide foci of engagement for scientists, policymakers and industry stakeholders to better coordinate future needs and required responses to these potential biosecurity issues in the new bioeconomy. C1 [Sheppard, Andy W.; Begley, Cameron; De Barro, Paul] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Raghu, S.] Arid Zone Res Inst, Alice Springs, NT, Australia. [Genovesi, Piero] ISPRA, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Tasker, Al] USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Roberts, Bill] DAFF, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. RP Sheppard, AW (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, GPO Box 17, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM Andy.Sheppard@csiro.au RI Sheppard, Andy/C-1045-2009; Raghu, S./A-1281-2010; De Barro, Paul/C-1724-2008 OI Raghu, S./0000-0001-5843-5435; FU OECD; CSIRO FX The authors would like to thank the participants at the Biosecurity in the New Bioeconomy summit at the Australian Academy of Sciences in Canberra, Australia from 19 to 21 November 2009 for their contributions to the collective discussions that provided the basis of this paper complied from two public forums and two workshops at the summit into the recommendations presented. We would also like to thank the OECD Cooperative Research Programme and CSIRO for their sponsorship of this summit and bursaries for the speakers (http://www.csiro.au/science/2009-Biosecurity-Symposium.html). The OECD Cooperative Research Programme provided support for the authors to attend a Biosecurity in the New Bioeconomy summit organised by CSIRO in Canberra Australia from 17 to 21 November 2009. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-3435 EI 1877-3443 J9 CURR OPIN ENV SUST JI Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.12.012 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 749UR UT WOS:000289496900019 ER PT J AU El-Nashaar, HM Banowetz, GM Peterson, CJ Griffith, SM AF El-Nashaar, H. M. Banowetz, G. M. Peterson, C. J. Griffith, S. M. TI Elemental Concentrations in Triticale Straw, a Potential Bioenergy Feedstock SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS ENERGY CROP; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RESIDUE REMOVAL; WINTER-WHEAT; COMBUSTION; GRASSES; QUALITY; SWITCHGRASS; FUELS AB Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is a small cereal grain crop produced for livestock feed and forage on more than three million hectares (ha) worldwide including 344 000 ha in the U.S.A. After the grain is harvested, triticale straw residue could provide feedstock for bioenergy production in many regions of the world, but high concentrations of certain elements, including silicon (Si), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl) that are characteristic of other cereal straws, their suitability for use in thermochemical conversion technologies. Also, straw harvest is associated with the removal of macro- and micronutrients from crop production systems and may impact the long-term sustainability of residue removal. We quantified the concentrations of seven elements in chaff, grain, leaves, and stems harvested from eight triticale cultivars grown in western Oregon to determine whether there was genotypic variability that may impact the concentrations of these elements. On average, harvest of the chaff, leaves, and stems combined removed 9.6 g of nitrogen (N), 5.3 g of phosphorus (P), and 80 g of K kg(-1) of biomass Harvest of the grain alone removed 21.7, 3.1, and 4.8 g kg(-1) N, P, and K, respectively. The Si content of cliff and leaves ranged from 17 583 to 37 163 mg kg(-1) of biomass. Straw from the genotype Taza contained the least amount of Si. The variability and range of concentrations of elements among these cultivars suggests that genetic approaches would, not only modify the composition of macro- and micro nutrients but also would improve the utility of triticale straw as bioenergy feedstock. Chaff, leaves, and stem components of triticale are relatively uniform in their energy contents that range between 17.51 and 17.96 MJ kg(-1). Selective harvest of triticale straw components could reduce the content of Si and other minerals that impact the use of this biomass in thermochemical conversion processes. C1 [El-Nashaar, H. M.; Banowetz, G. M.; Griffith, S. M.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, C. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gary.banowetz@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1200 EP 1205 DI 10.1021/ef101241h PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 751JL UT WOS:000289613300042 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG AF Ryan, Michael G. TI Tree responses to drought SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE STORAGE; CARBON ALLOCATION; WATER STRESS; MORTALITY; MECHANISMS; GROWTH; RESPIRATION; METABOLISM; SEEDLINGS; SHIFTS C1 [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mgryan@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpr022 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 753VL UT WOS:000289807700001 PM 21512097 ER PT J AU Galvez, DA Landhausser, SM Tyree, MT AF Galvez, David A. Landhaeusser, S. M. Tyree, M. T. TI Root carbon reserve dynamics in aspen seedlings: does simulated drought induce reserve limitation? SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon limitation; native percentage loss of conductivity; non-structural carbohydrates; Populus tremuloides; starch; xylem cavitation ID INDUCED TREE MORTALITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; WESTERN CANADA; PLANT-SURVIVAL; BOREAL FOREST; WATER-STRESS; ASSIMILATION; MECHANISMS; POPLAR AB In a greenhouse study we quantified the gradual change of gas exchange, water relations and root reserves of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings growing over a 3-month period of severe water stress. The aim of the study was to quantify the complex interrelationship between growth, water and gas exchange, and root carbon (C) dynamics. Various growth, gas exchange and water relations variables in combination with root reserves were measured periodically on seedlings that had been exposed to a continuous drought treatment over a 12-week period and compared with well-watered seedlings. Although gas exchange and water relations parameters significantly decreased over the drought period in aspen seedlings, root reserves did not mirror this trend. During the course of the experiment roots of aspen seedlings growing under severe water stress showed a two orders of magnitude increase in sugar and starch content, and roots of these seedlings contained more starch relative to sugar than those in non-droughted seedlings. Drought resulted in a switch from growth to root reserves storage which indicates a close interrelationship between growth and physiological variables and the accumulation of root carbohydrate reserves. Although a severe 3-month drought period created physiological symptoms of C limitation, there was no indication of a depletion of root C reserve in aspen seedlings. C1 [Galvez, David A.; Landhaeusser, S. M.; Tyree, M. T.] Univ Alberta, Fac Agr Life & Environm Sci, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Tyree, M. T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Galvez, DA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Fac Agr Life & Environm Sci, Dept Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM david.galvez@ualberta.ca RI Landhausser, Simon/F-9910-2016 OI Landhausser, Simon/0000-0002-4466-1607 FU Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Alberta Forestry Research Institute; Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta; United States Forest Service FX This research was made possible by research grants from Canadian Forest Service, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (S.M.L. and M.T.T.), Discovery Grant, Alberta Forestry Research Institute, Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant, and endowment funds from the Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. M.T.T. wishes to thank the United States Forest Service for salary support while working at the University of Alberta, which made this study possible. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 58 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpr012 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 753VL UT WOS:000289807700003 PM 21444372 ER PT J AU Tian, S Zhu, W Gleisner, R Pan, XJ Zhu, JY AF Tian, S. Zhu, W. Gleisner, R. Pan, X. J. Zhu, J. Y. TI Comparisons of SPORL and Dilute Acid Pretreatments for Sugar and Ethanol Productions from Aspen SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE cellulosic ethanol; woody/forest biomass; fermentation; pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis ID LODGEPOLE PINE; ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; OVERCOME RECALCITRANCE; SULFITE PRETREATMENT; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; WOODY BIOMASS; TECHNOLOGIES; LIGNOCELLULOSE; RECOVERY AB This study reports comparative evaluations of sugar and ethanol production from a native aspen (Populus tremuloides) between sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) and dilute acid (DA) pretreatments. All aqueous pretreatments were carried out in a laboratory wood pulping digester using wood chips at 170 degrees C with a liquid to oven dry (od) wood ratio (L/W) of 3: 1 at two levels of acid charge on wood of 0.56 and 1.11%. Sodium bisulfite charge on od wood was 0 for DA and 1.5 or 3.0% for SPORL. All substrates produced by both pretreatments (except DA with pretreatment duration of 0) had good enzymatic digestibility of over 80%. However, SPORL produced higher enzymatic digestibility than its corresponding DA pretreatment for all the experiments conducted. As a result, SPORL produced higher ethanol yield from simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulosic substrate than its corresponding DA pretreatment. SPORL was more effective than its corresponding DA pretreatment in reducing energy consumption for postpretreatment wood chip size-reduction. SPORL, with lower energy input and higher sugar and ethanol yield, produced higher sugar and ethanol production energy efficiencies than the corresponding DA pretreatment. Published 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 27: 419-427, 2011 C1 [Tian, S.; Zhu, W.; Gleisner, R.; Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Tian, S.] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhu, W.] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Pan, X. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB); Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Chinese Scholarship Council FX The authors acknowledge Fred Matt and Diane Dietrich (both U. S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory) for carrying out several careful analyses of carbohydrates of solid substrates and ethanol in fermentation broth samples, respectively. This work was supported by the U.S. Forest Service Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB, 2009). This program together with the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and Chinese Scholarship Council provided financial support to S. Tian and W. Zhu for their visiting appointments at the U. S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. This work was conducted on official U. S. government time by Zhu and Gleisner, while Zhu (W) and Tian were visiting scientists at U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-7938 EI 1520-6033 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1002/btpr.545 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 748ZJ UT WOS:000289431600015 PM 21485032 ER PT J AU Hristov, AN Hanigan, M Cole, A Todd, R McAllister, TA Ndegwa, PM Rotz, A AF Hristov, A. N. Hanigan, M. Cole, A. Todd, R. McAllister, T. A. Ndegwa, P. M. Rotz, A. TI Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Ammonia emission; manure; mitigation; dairy cow; beef cattle ID DIETARY-PROTEIN CONCENTRATION; NITROGEN MASS-BALANCE; PASSIVE FLUX SAMPLERS; LOW-QUALITY FORAGE; FREE-STALL DAIRY; OPEN-LOT DAIRIES; CRUDE PROTEIN; CATTLE FEEDLOT; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; GASEOUS EMISSIONS AB Hristov, A. N., Hanigan, M., Cole, A., Todd, R., McAllister T. A., Ndegwa, P. and Rotz, A. 2011. Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 1-35. Ammonia emitted from animal feeding operations is an environmental and human health hazard, contributing to eutrophication of surface waters and nitrate contamination of ground waters, soil acidity, and fine particulate matter formation. It may also contribute to global warming through nitrous oxide formation. Along with these societal concerns, ammonia emission is a net loss of manure fertilizer value to the producer. A significant portion of cattle manure nitrogen, primarily from urinary urea, is converted to ammonium and eventually lost to the atmosphere as ammonia. Determining ammonia emissions from cattle operations is complicated by the multifaceted nature of the factors regulating ammonia volatilization, such as manure management, ambient temperature, wind speed, and manure composition and pH. Approaches to quantify ammonia emissions include micrometeorological methods, mass balance accounting and enclosures. Each method has its advantages, disadvantages and appropriate application. It is also of interest to determine the ammonia emitting potential of manure (AEP) independent of environmental factors. The ratio of nitrogen to non-volatile minerals (phosphorus, potassium, ash) or nitrogen isotopes ratio in manure has been suggested as a useful indicator of AEP. Existing data on ammonia emission factors and flux rates are extremely variable. For dairy farms, emission factors from 0.82 to 250 g ammonia per cow per day have been reported, with an average of 59 g per cow per day (n = 31). Ammonia flux rates for dairy farms averaged 1.03 g m(-2) h(-1) (n = 24). Ammonia losses are significantly greater from beef feedlots, where emission factors average 119 g per animal per day (n = 9) with values as high as 280 g per animal per day. Ammonia flux rate for beef feedlots averaged 0.174 g m(-2) h(-1) (n = 12). Using nitrogen mass balance approaches, daily ammonia nitrogen losses of 25 to 50% of the nitrogen excreted in manure have been estimated for dairy cows and feedlot cattle. Practices to mitigate ammonia emissions include reducing excreted N (particularly urinary N), acidifying ammonia sources, or binding ammonium to a substrate. Reducing crude protein concentration in cattle diets and ruminal protein degradability are powerful tools for reducing N excretion, AEP, and whole-farm ammonia emissions. Reducing dietary protein can also benefit the producer by reducing feed cost. These interventions, however, have to be balanced with the risk of lost production. Manure treatment techniques that reduce volatile N species (e.g., urease inhibition, pH reduction, nitrification-denitrification) are also effective for mitigating ammonia emissions. Another option for reducing ammonia emissions is capture and treatment of released ammonia. Examples in the latter category include biofilters, permeable and impermeable covers, and manure incorporation into the soil for crop or pasture production. Process-level simulation of ammonia formation and emission provides a useful tool for estimating emissions over a wide range of production practices and evaluating the potential benefits of mitigation strategies. Reducing ammonia emissions from dairy and beef cattle operations is critical to achieving environmentally sustainable animal production that will benefit producers and society at large. C1 [Hristov, A. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hanigan, M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cole, A.; Todd, R.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [McAllister, T. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Ndegwa, P. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rotz, A.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012; Hanigan, Mark/M-4315-2014 OI Hanigan, Mark/0000-0002-5639-9677 NR 281 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 26 U2 168 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 91 IS 1 BP 1 EP 35 DI 10.4141/CJAS10034 PG 35 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 749TM UT WOS:000289493200001 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Stoppler, T Gossen, B Chang, KF Dugan, F Markell, S Goswami, RS AF Delgado, J. A. Stoppler, T. Gossen, B. Chang, K. F. Dugan, F. Markell, S. Goswami, R. S. TI Sensitivity of Ascochyta pinodes populations to prothioconazole SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Delgado, J. A.; Stoppler, T.; Markell, S.; Goswami, R. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gossen, B.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. [Chang, K. F.] Alberta Agr Food & Rural Dev, Field Crop Dev Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Dugan, F.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 91 IS 2 BP 388 EP 388 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 749TV UT WOS:000289494300073 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Ohm, JB Hareland, G Wiersma, J Kaiser, D AF Liu, Ya Ohm, Jae-Bom Hareland, Gary Wiersma, Jochum Kaiser, Daniel TI Sulfur, Protein Size Distribution, and Free Amino Acids in Flour Mill Streams and Their Relationship to Dough Rheology and Breadmaking Traits SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHEAT-FLOUR; ACRYLAMIDE CONTENT; BAKING PROPERTIES; WINTER-WHEAT; QUALITY; BREAD; MILLSTREAMS; FERTILIZATION; ASPARAGINE AB The aim of this study was to analyze sulfur content, protein size distribution, and free amino acids in flour mill streams (FMS) and their associations to dough rheology and breadmaking traits. Break FMS had higher nitrogen and sulfur quantities than reduction FMS. The third break FMS had the highest nitrogen and sulfur contents among FMS but low bread loaf volume partly due to high ash content. Sulfur quantity had greater or equivalent correlations with dough rheology and breadmaking properties compared with nitrogen quantity when the effect of percent ash content was removed statistically. FMS also showed significant quantitative variation in HMW polymeric proteins of the SDS-unextractable fraction that had greater association with sulfur content and dough rheology and breadmaking traits than other protein fractions. Asparagine, which is a major amino acid in flour, was found at higher levels in the third break and third reduction FMS. Ratio of nitrogen to sulfur was significantly correlated with asparagine concentration (r = 0.73, alpha = 0.01). This study indicates that information on sulfur, protein size distribution, and free amino acid is potentially useful in research for more precise blending of FMS in commercial flour mills to meet customer specifications for high quality flour. C1 [Ohm, Jae-Bom; Hareland, Gary] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Red River Valley Res Ctr,Cereal Crops Res Unit, Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Liu, Ya] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Wiersma, Jochum] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN USA. [Kaiser, Daniel] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hareland, G (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Red River Valley Res Ctr,Cereal Crops Res Unit, Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Gary.Hareland@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5442-43440-008-00D] FX We appreciate breeders who provided wheat samples for this research. We are grateful to Angela Ostenson, Dehdra Puhr, Dale Hanson, and Jadene Wear for technical assistance. We also appreciate Frank Manthey and Senay Simsek for careful review. Part of this material is based upon work supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-43440-008-00D. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-06-10-0086 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 747RL UT WOS:000289337000001 ER PT J AU Ayadi, FY Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA Brown, ML AF Ayadi, Ferouz Y. Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan Rosentrater, Kurt A. Brown, Michael L. TI Single-Screw Extrusion Processing of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Feeds SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP; REPLACING FISH-MEAL; BY-PRODUCT MEAL; SOYBEAN-MEAL; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; PRACTICAL DIETS; PROTEIN-SOURCES; LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; MOISTURE-CONTENT AB This study was conducted to investigate the production of balanced diets for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) feeds. Six isocaloric (approximate to 3.21 kcal/g), isonitrogenous (30.1 +/- 0.4% db) ingredient blends were formulated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and appropriate amounts of soybean meal, fish meal, vitamins, and minerals. Extrusion cooking was performed using a laboratory-scale single-screw extruder at a constant barrel temperature profile of 40-90-100 degrees C, and a constant screw speed of 230 rpm (24.1 rad/sec). The mass flow rate was determined during processing; it generally increased with progressively higher DDGS content. Additionally, moisture content, water activity, unit density, expansion ratio, compressive strength, compressive modulus, pellet durability index, water stability, and color were extensively analyzed to quantify the effects of DDGS content on the physical properties of the resulting extrudates. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between blends were observed for color and water activity for both the raw material and extrudates, respectively, and for the unit density of the extrudates. There were significant changes in brightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) among the final products when increasing the DDGS content of the blends. Expansion ratio and compressive strength of the extrudates were low. On the other hand, all blends showed high pellet durability (PDI >= 96.18%). Overall, it was ascertained that DDGS could be successfully included at rates of < 50%, and that each of the ingredient blends resulted in viable, high quality extrudates. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ayadi, Ferouz Y.; Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan; Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station; South Dakota State University; North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA ARS, Brookings, SD FX We thank the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, and the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA ARS, Brookings, SD, for funding, facilities, equipment and supplies. Furthermore, the cooperation and assistance of Sharon Nichols, Christine Keierleber, Steve Schacht, Travis Schaeffer, and Vanja Jurisic is greatly appreciated. Their contributions have helped bring this project to completion. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-08-10-0118 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 747RL UT WOS:000289337000011 ER PT J AU Garvin, DF Hareland, G Gregoire, BR Finley, JW AF Garvin, David F. Hareland, Gary Gregoire, Brian R. Finley, John W. TI Impact of Wheat Grain Selenium Content Variation on Milling and Bread Baking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN HEALTH; CANCER; PRODUCTS; SELENOMETHIONINE; BIOAVAILABILITY; PREVENTION; DISEASES; PLANTS; FOODS; RATS AB Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in animals. High levels of Se can accumulate in wheat grain, but it is not clear how high Se affects milling or baking. Low and high Se grain from the same hard red winter wheat cultivar was milled and used for breadbaking studies and Se analysis. Mill stream yields from the low and high Se wheat were comparable, as were flour yields. The amount of total grain Se retained in the flour mill streams was 71.2 and 66.4% for the low and high Se wheat, respectively. Proportionally, Se content in the bran, shorts, and the first reduction flour stream in high Se wheat was higher by 13-20% compared to the low Se wheat. Flour quality parameters including protein content, ash content, and farinograph traits were similar in low and high Se flours, although high Se flour mill streams exhibited lower farinograph stability. Breadbaking evaluations indicated that high Se had a deleterious effect on loaf volume. There was no evidence of significant Se loss after breadbaking with either low or high Se flour. C1 [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hareland, Gary] N Dakota State Univ, ARS, USDA, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gregoire, Brian R.; Finley, John W.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david.garvin@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-05-10-0076 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 747RL UT WOS:000289337000013 ER PT J AU Caffe-Treml, M Glover, KD Krishnan, PG Hareland, GA Bondalapati, KD Stein, J AF Caffe-Treml, Melanie Glover, Karl D. Krishnan, Padmanaban G. Hareland, Gary A. Bondalapati, Krishna D. Stein, Jeff TI Effect of Wheat Genotype and Environment on Relationships Between Dough Extensibility and Breadmaking Quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-CONTENT; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FLOUR; CULTIVAR; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; MICROSCALE; MIXOGRAPH; TRIALS; TESTS AB Dough extensibility affects processing ease, gas retention, and loaf volume of finished products. The Kieffer dough extensibility test was developed to assess extensibility of small dough samples and is therefore adapted for use in breeding programs. Information is lacking on relationships between wheat growing environments and dough properties measured by the Kieffer dough extensibility test. This study documents the variability of dough extensibility (Ext), maximum resistance to extension (Rmax), and area under the extensibility curve (Area) in relation to breadmaking quality, and the effect of wheat growing environments. Mixograph, Kieffer dough extensibility, and bake tests were performed on flour milled from 19 hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown during three growing seasons (2007-2009) at six South Dakota locations. Although both genotype and environment had significant effects on Kieffer dough extensibility variables, environment represented the largest source of variation. Among genotype means, Area was most correlated (r = 0.63) with loaf volume, suggesting that by selecting lines with increased Area, loaf volume should improve. Rmax was positively correlated (r = 0.58) with loaf volume among genotype means but negatively correlated (r = -0.80) among environmental means. Ext was positively correlated (r = 0.90) with loaf volume among environmental means. Weather variables were correlated with Rmax, Ext and loaf volume and therefore could help predict end-use quality. C1 [Caffe-Treml, Melanie; Glover, Karl D.; Bondalapati, Krishna D.; Stein, Jeff] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Krishnan, Padmanaban G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hlth & Nutr Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hareland, Gary A.] ARS, USDA, Hard Red Spring Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58501 USA. RP Caffe-Treml, M (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM melanie.caffe@sdstate.edu FU South Dakota Wheat Commission; South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station FX This project was funded by the South Dakota Wheat Commission and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-08-10-0111 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 747RL UT WOS:000289337000014 ER PT J AU Wei, XH Sun, G Vose, JM Otsuki, K Zhang, ZQ Smetterm, K AF Wei, Xiaohua Sun, Ge Vose, James M. Otsuki, Kyoichi Zhang, Zhiqiang Smetterm, Keith TI Forest ecohydrological processes in a changing environment Preface SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE ecohydrological process; forest change; land use change; spatial scales ID TRANSPIRATION; RUNOFF AB The papers in this issue are a selection of the presentations made at the second International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment. This special issue 'Forest Ecohydrological Processes in a Changing Environment' covers the topics regarding the effects of forest, land use and climate changes on ecohydrological processes across forest stand, watershed and regional spatial scales. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wei, Xiaohua] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada. [Wei, Xiaohua] Jiangxi Agr Univ, Coll Landscape & Arts, Nanchang 330045, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Otsuki, Kyoichi] Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Fukuoka 8112415, Japan. [Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Smetterm, Keith] Univ Western Australia, Sch Environm Syst Engn, Ctr Ecohydrol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Wei, XH (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Okanagan Campus,3333 Univ Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada. EM adam.wei@ubc.ca NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1002/eco.218 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900001 ER PT J AU Vose, JM Sun, G Ford, CR Bredemeier, M Otsuki, K Wei, XH Zhang, ZQ Zhang, L AF Vose, James M. Sun, Ge Ford, Chelcy R. Bredemeier, Michael Otsuki, Kyoichi Wei, Xiaohua Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Lu TI Forest ecohydrological research in the 21st century: what are the critical needs? SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE contemporary issues; climate change; critical hydrologic functions; forest ecohydrology; research needs ID CYPRESS CHAMAECYPARIS-OBTUSA; WATER-RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACTS; FLORIDA; CHINA; YIELD; PINE AB Modern ecohydrologic science will be critical for providing the best information to policy makers and society to address water resource challenges in the 21st century. Implicitly, ecohydrology involves understanding both the functional interactions among vegetation, soils, and hydrologic processes at multiple scales and the linkages among upland, riparian, and aquatic components. In this paper, we review historical and contemporary ecohydrologic science, focusing on watershed structure and function and the threats to watershed structure and function. Climate change, land use change, and invasive species are among the most critical contemporary issues that affect water quantity and quality, and a mechanistic understanding of watershed ecosystem structure and function is required to understand their impacts on water quantity and quality. Economic and social values of ecosystem services such as water supply from forested watersheds must be quantified in future research, as land use decisions that impact ecohydrologic function are driven by the interplay among economic, social, political, and biological constraints. Future forest ecohydrological research should focus on: (1) understanding watershed responses to climate change and variability, (2) understanding watershed responses to losses of native species or additions of non-native species, (3) developing integrated models that capitalize on long-term data, (4) linking ecohydrologic processes across scales, and (5) managing forested watersheds to adapt to climate change. We stress that this new ecohydrology research must also be integrated with socio-economic disciplines. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Vose, James M.; Ford, Chelcy R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Bredemeier, Michael] Univ Gottingen, Forest Ecosyst Res Ctr, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Otsuki, Kyoichi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Forest & Forest Prod Sci, Fukuoka 8112415, Japan. [Wei, Xiaohua] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada. [Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Lu] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Vose, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jvose@fs.fed.us RI Zhang, Lu /B-8863-2009; OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 NR 110 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1002/eco.193 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900002 ER PT J AU Boggs, JL Sun, G AF Boggs, J. L. Sun, G. TI Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urban watershed; evapotranspiration (ET); discharge coefficient; North Carolina Piedmont ID PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; LAND-USE; WESTERN CASCADES; PINE FLATWOODS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; LARGE BASINS; FOREST; VEGETATION AB The ecohydrologic effects of urbanization that is dominated by forests clearing are not well understood in the southeastern United States. We utilized long-term monitoring data to quantify the annual water balance, stormflow characteristics, and seasonal flow patterns of an urbanized watershed (UR) (0.70 km(2)) and compared it to a fully forested watershed (FOR) (2.95 km(2)) in central North Carolina. The goal of this study was to assess how past urbanization altered watershed hydrology and to offer reference data for urban watershed planning. The mean annual discharge coefficient (discharge/precipitation) in the UR and FOR from 2000 to 2007 was 0.42 and 0.24, respectively. The UR generated about 75% more stormflow than the FOR. The UR had a lower mean evapotranspiration (ET) rate (58%) than the FOR (77%). Peakflow rates and stormflow volume of the UR were higher (e.g. 76.6 mm/day versus 5.8 mm/day for peakflow rate and 77.9 mm/day versus 7.1 mm/day for stormflow volume) than the FOR, especially during the growing season. Growing season precipitation minus discharge normalized by precipitation (P - Q)/P (i.e. normalized ET +/- change in water storage) was higher in the FOR compared to the UR. Differences between the two watersheds occurred mostly during the growing season and became smaller during the dormant season. We conclude that intensive urbanization elevated watershed peakflow rates and annual discharge volumes partially due to reduction in ET during the growing season. Maintaining ET capacity of vegetation in an urbanizing watershed is important in development planning for reducing stormflow and watershed degradation. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Boggs, J. L.; Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Boggs, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300,Venture 2, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jboggs@ncsu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center FX This work was funded by the USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center. We would like to thank Erika Cohen for her assistance with estimating impervious surface in the urban watershed. Hydrology data used in the project were obtained from the US Geological Survey. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1002/eco.198 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900011 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Yu, PT Feger, KH Wei, XH Sun, G Bonell, M Xiong, W Zhang, SL Xu, LH AF Wang, Yanhui Yu, Pengtao Feger, Karl-Heinz Wei, Xiaohua Sun, Ge Bonell, Mike Xiong, Wei Zhang, Shulan Xu, Lihong TI Annual runoff and evapotranspiration of forestlands and non-forestlands in selected basins of the Loess Plateau of China SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE forestation; evapotranspiration; water yield; land use change; Loess Plateau ID AVERAGE ANNUAL STREAMFLOW; WATER-YIELD REDUCTION; NORTHWEST CHINA; AFFORESTATION; VEGETATION; SOIL; IMPACT; RESTORATION; PLANTATIONS; CATCHMENT AB Large-scale forestation has been undertaken over decades principally to control the serious soil erosion in the Loess Plateau of China. A quantitative assessment of the hydrological effects of forestation, especially on basin water yield, is critical for the sustainable forestry development within this dry region. In this study, we constructed the multi-annual water balances to estimate the respective grand average of annual evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff for forestlands and non-forestlands of 57 basins. The overall annual runoff and corresponding runoff/precipitation ratio were low, with a mean of 33 mm (7%) ranging from 10 (2%) to 56 mm (15%). Taking the grand average of annual precipitation of 463 mm for all basins, the corresponding grand averages of annual ET and runoff were 447 and 16 mm for forestlands, 424 and 39 mm for non-forestlands, respectively. Thus, the corresponding ratios of annual ET and runoff to precipitation were 91.7 and 8.3% for non-forestlands, 96.6 and 3.4% for forestlands, respectively. Although the absolute difference in grand average of annual runoff was only 23 mm, it represents a large difference in relative terms, as it equates up to 58% of annual runoff from non-forestlands. We argue that the large-scale forestation may have serious consequences for water management and sustainable development in the dry region of NW China because of a runoff reduction. This study highlights the importance of quantifying the ET of forests and other land uses and to examine how land cover change may affect the water balances in an arid environment. Copyright. 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Yanhui; Yu, Pengtao; Xiong, Wei; Zhang, Shulan; Xu, Lihong] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Feger, Karl-Heinz] Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden Water Ctr, Fac Forest Geo & Hydrosci, Dept Soil Sci & Site Ecol, D-01735 Tharandt, Germany. [Wei, Xiaohua] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Bonell, Mike] Univ Dundee, UNESCO IHP HELP Ctr, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. [Bonell, Mike] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM wangyh@caf.ac.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [40730631, 40801017, 41071023]; State Forestry Administration of China [200904056, 200904005]; Chinese Academy of Forestry [CAFYBB2007038]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [CHN 01/652]; NSFC-DFG Sino-German Center for Research Promotion; Key Laboratory for Forest Ecological Environment of the State Forestry Administration of China FX Funding for this work was provided by the research projects of the National Science Foundation of China (40730631, 40801017 and 41071023), the State Forestry Administration of China (200904056, 200904005), the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2007038), lhe German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, CHN 01/652), the NSFC-DFG Sino-German Center for Research Promotion and the Key Laboratory for Forest Ecological Environment of the State Forestry Administration of China. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1002/eco.215 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900013 ER PT J AU Tian, HQ Lu, CQ Chen, GS Xu, XF Liu, ML Ren, W Tao, B Sun, G Pan, SF Liu, JY AF Tian, Hanqin Lu, Chaoqun Chen, Guangsheng Xu, Xiaofeng Liu, Mingliang Ren, Wei Tao, Bo Sun, Ge Pan, Shufen Liu, Jiyuan TI Climate and land use controls over terrestrial water use efficiency in monsoon Asia SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; land use/cover change; water use efficiency; Asia; dynamic land ecosystem model (DLEM) ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MODELING IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEM CARBON; MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; GAS EMISSIONS; COVER CHANGE; CHINA; CO2; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Much concern has been raised regarding how and to what extent climate change and intensive human activities have altered water use efficiency (WUE, amount of carbon uptake per unit of water use) in monsoon Asia. By using a process-based ecosystem model [dynamic land ecosystem model (DLEM)], we examined effects of climate change, land use/cover change, and land management practices (i.e. irrigation and nitrogen fertilization) on WUE in terrestrial ecosystems of monsoon Asia during 1948-2000. Our simulations indicated that due to climate variability/change, WUE in the entire area decreased by 3.6% during the study period, with the largest decrease of 6.8% in the 1990s. Grassland was the most sensitive biome to a drying climate, with a decrease of 16.2% in WUE in the 1990s. Land conversion from natural vegetation to croplands, accounting for 79% of the total converted land areas, led to a decrease in WUE, with the largest decrease of 42% while forest was converted to cropland. In contrast, WUE increased by more than 50% while cropland was converted to natural vegetation. Simulated results also showed that intensive land management practices could alleviate the decrease in WUE induced by climate change and land conversion. Changes in WUE showed substantial spatial variation, varying from the largest decrease of over 50% in northwestern China and some areas of Mongolia to the largest increase of over 30% in western, southern China, and large areas of India. To adapt to climate change and sustain terrestrial ecosystem production, more attention ought to be paid to enhance water use efficiency through land use and management practices, especially in the drying areas. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tian, Hanqin; Lu, Chaoqun; Chen, Guangsheng; Xu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Mingliang; Ren, Wei; Tao, Bo; Pan, Shufen] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol Lab, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Liu, Jiyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol Lab, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tianhan@auburn.edu RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Lu, Chaoqun/A-6497-2012; Liu, Mingliang/B-1361-2009; TAO, BO/I-4166-2014; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008; Ren, Wei/G-8317-2016; Ren, Wei/I-4048-2014 OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; Ren, Wei/0000-0002-4840-4835 FU NASA [NNX08AL73G_S01, NNG04GM 39C]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950900] FX This study has been supported by NASA Land Cover/Land Use Change Program (NNX08AL73G_S01), NASA InterDisciplinary Science (IDS) Program (NNG04GM 39C) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2010CB950900). We thank Dr James Vose, Kamaljit Banger, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 80 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 322 EP 340 DI 10.1002/eco.216 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900017 ER PT J AU Liu, H Peatman, E Wang, WQ Abernathy, J Liu, SK Kucuktas, H Terhune, J Xu, DH Klesius, P Liu, ZJ AF Liu, Hong Peatman, Eric Wang, Wenqi Abernathy, Jason Liu, Shikai Kucuktas, Huseyin Terhune, Jeffery Xu, De-Hai Klesius, Phillip Liu, Zhanjiang TI Molecular responses of ceruloplasmin to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection and iron overload in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Teleost; Catfish; Immune; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Iron ID GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-ANCHORED FORM; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INITIAL ANALYSIS; FERROXIDASE; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; TOXICITY; SEQUENCE AB Ceruloplasmin is a serum ferroxidase that carries more than 90% of the copper in plasma and has documented roles in iron homeostasis as well as antioxidative functions. In our previous studies, it has been shown that the ceruloplasmin gene is strongly up-regulated in catfish during challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri. However, little is known about the function of this gene in teleost fish. The objective of this study, therefore, was to characterize the ceruloplasmin gene from channel catfish, determine its genomic organization, profile its patterns of tissue expression, and establish its potential for physiological antioxidant responses in catfish after bacterial infection with E. ictaluri and iron treatment The genomic organization suggested that the catfish ceruloplasmin gene had 20 exons and 19 introns, encoding 1074 amino acids. Exon sizes of the catfish ceruloplasmin gene were close to or identical with mammalian and zebrafish homologs. Further phylogenetic analyses suggested that the gene was highly conserved through evolution. The catfish ceruloplasmin gene was mapped to both the catfish physical map and linkage map. The catfish ceruloplasmin gene was mainly expressed in liver with limited expression in other tissues, and it was significantly up-regulated in the liver after bacterial infection alone or after co-injection with bacteria and iron-dextran, while expression was not significantly induced with iron-dextran treatment alone. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Hong; Peatman, Eric; Wang, Wenqi; Abernathy, Jason; Liu, Shikai; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Terhune, Jeffery; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Liu, Hong; Peatman, Eric; Wang, Wenqi; Abernathy, Jason; Liu, Shikai; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Terhune, Jeffery; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Liu, Hong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zliu@acesag.auburn.edu RI Liu, Shikai /D-4664-2013; OI Liu, Shikai /0000-0001-5777-489X; Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239 FU USDA AFRI [2009-35205-05101]; USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Auburn, AL [58-6420-5-030] FX This project was supported by a grant from USDA AFRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program (USDA/NRICGP award# 2009-35205-05101), and in part by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Auburn, AL under Contract Number 58-6420-5-030. The authors would like to thank Fei Chen, Jianguo Lu, Lilian Wong, Ludmilla Kaltenboeck, Parichart Ninwichian, Shaolin Wang, Yanliang Jiang and Yoona Lee for their help with collecting tissue samples. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 992 EP 997 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.12.033 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 741TT UT WOS:000288888500031 PM 21220026 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM Pratt, PD Costello, SL Rayamajhi, MB Center, TD AF Christensen, Robin M. Pratt, Paul D. Costello, Sheryl L. Rayamajhi, Min B. Center, Ted D. TI ACQUIRED NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE WEED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OXYOPS VITIOSA (COLEPOTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; biotic resistance; predation; Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca Quinquenervia; Podisus mucronatus ID TREE MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; INVASIVE TREE; SOUTH FLORIDA; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; NATIVE PARASITOIDS; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; PLANT VOLATILES; HOST-RANGE; COLEOPTERA AB The Australian curculionid Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe was introduced into Florida in 1997 as a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake. Populations of the weevil increased rapidly and became widely distributed throughout much of the invasive tree's adventive distribution. In this study we ask if O. vitiosa has acquired natural enemies in Florida, how these enemies circumvent the protective terpenoid laden exudates on larvae, and what influence 1 of the most common natural enemies has on O. vitiosa population densities? Surveys of O. vitiosa populations and rearing of field-collected individuals resulted in no instances of parasitoids or pathogens exploiting weevil eggs or larvae. In contrast, 44 species of predatory arthropods were commonly associated (>5 individuals when pooled across all sites and sample dates) with O. vitiosa. Eleven predatory species were observed feeding on O. vitiosa during timed surveys, including 6 pentatomid species, 2 formicids and 3 arachnids. Species with mandibulate or chelicerate mouthparts fed on adult stages whereas pentatomids, with haustellate beaks, pierced larval exoskeletons thereby bypassing the protective larval coating. Observations of predation were rare, with only 8% of timed surveys resulting in 1 or more instances of attack. Feeding by the pentatomid Podisus mucronatus Uhler accounted for 76% of all recorded predation events. Podisus mucronatus numerically responded to fourth instars but no response was observed for other life stages. Damage to M. quinquenervia plants from feeding by O. vitiosa, however, was not influenced by P. mucronatus densities, indicating that predation does not alter plant suppression. C1 [Christensen, Robin M.; Pratt, Paul D.; Costello, Sheryl L.; Rayamajhi, Min B.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. FU South Florida Water Management District; Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Invasive Plant Management; USDA FX We thank 2 anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We also thank Scott Wiggers, Willey Durden, Kirk Tonkel, Andrea Kral, Carl Belnavis, Tafana Fiore, and Stacey Grassano for assistance with data collection and site maintenance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This research was supported, in part, by grants from the South Florida Water Management District, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Invasive Plant Management, and the USDA Areawide TAME Melaleuca Program (tame.ifas.ufl.edu). NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 743KH UT WOS:000289016700001 ER PT J AU Dogramaci, M Chen, JJ Arthurs, SP McKenzie, CL Irizarry, F Houben, K Brennan, M Osborne, L AF Dogramaci, Mahmut Chen, Jianjun Arthurs, Steven P. McKenzie, Cindy L. Irizarry, Fabieli Houben, Katherine Brennan, Mary Osborne, Lance TI MINI-ASPIRATOR: A NEW DEVICE FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSFER OF SMALL ARTHROPODS TO PLANTS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE mini-aspirator; Neoseiulus cucumeris; Scirtothrips dorsalis; Onus insidiosus; manual infestation ID SCIRTOTHRIPS-DORSALIS THYSANOPTERA; THRIPIDAE; PEPPER AB The process of collecting and/or infesting plants with a designated number of small arthropods in biological experiments is tedious and laborious. We developed a modified mini-aspirator, powered with a vacuum pump and fitted with a specially adapted (removable) collection vial to reduce the handling effort. The efficiency of the mini-aspirator was tested with the chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a predatory mite, Amblyseius (= Neoseiulus) cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and the insidious flower bug, Onus insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Using the mini-aspirator, operators collected 10 A. cucumeris mites and 10 S. dorsalis thrips and transferred them onto pepper plants in 43 s and 37 s, respectively, compared with 639 and 229 s, respectively, using a camel's hair brush as a conventional method. The use of the mini-aspirator for collecting A. cucumeris predatory mites and S. dorsalis thrips and infesting pepper plants with them represents a 15-fold and 6-fold time saving, respectively. Collection of 10 O. insidiosus flower bugs took 20 s with the mini-aspirator compared with 30 s when an unmodified aspirator was used. Proportionally, the amount of time saved with the mini-aspirator for the handling of O. insidiosus flower bugs was minimal compared with the timesavings when handling S. dorsalis thrips and the A. cucumeris predatory mites with the mini-aspirator. Additionally, the mini-aspirator can be fitted with a battery-powered Mini-Vac, which makes it portable for field applications, such as in sampling field populations when screening for pesticide resistant individuals. C1 [Dogramaci, Mahmut; Arthurs, Steven P.; Irizarry, Fabieli; Houben, Katherine; Brennan, Mary; Osborne, Lance] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Chen, Jianjun] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [McKenzie, Cindy L.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Dogramaci, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. FU USDA; American Floral Endowment; USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX We are grateful to Kenneth E. Savage, Russell D. Caldwell, and Younes Belmourd for help during this study. The study was supported by the USDA Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural Research (T-STAR) Program, American Floral Endowment and the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 743KH UT WOS:000289016700004 ER PT J AU Paraiso, O Hight, SD Kairo, MTK Bloem, S AF Paraiso, Oulimathe Hight, Stephen D. Kairo, Moses T. K. Bloem, Stephanie TI EGG PARASITOIDS ATTACKING CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN NORTH FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Cactoblastis cactorum; cactus moth; Trichogramma; egg parasitoids; North Florida ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BERG LEPIDOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM; CACTUS MOTH; HYMENOPTERA; AMERICA; HOST; PREFERENCE; SELECTION AB Interest in the natural enemies of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) has increased since the moth was found in Florida in 1989. Previous surveys for natural enemies in Argentina identified egg parasitoids in the family Trichogrammatidae as potentially important control agents of C. cactorum. A study was conducted in north Florida to identify and to assess occurrence of egg parasitoids attacking this invasive moth in its new homeland. Surveys undertaken at 6 locations in north Florida from Jul 2008 to Dec 2009 revealed that eggsticks of C. cactorum were attacked by egg parasitoids from the Trichogramma genus: T pretiosum Riley, T fuentesi Torre, and an additional unidentified Trichogramma species belonging to the T pretiosum group. In order to assess the importance of these egg parasitoids, the fate of individual C. cactorum eggsticks was determined during weekly visits to each site. This assessment showed that the combined level of parasitism of C. cactorum eggsticks was very low with less than 0.2% of host eggs attacked at any one of the 6 sites. While parasitoids attacked smaller eggsticks, there was no correlation between the numbers of eggs in an eggstick attacked with increasing number of eggs/eggstick. Comparing the mean number of eggs/eggstick, there was no difference between the 3 flight periods of C. cactorum, but there was a difference between the 6 sites. Based on these results, the use of Trichogramma wasps as an inundative biological control agent, complementary to the Sterile Insect Technique application, is discussed. C1 [Paraiso, Oulimathe; Kairo, Moses T. K.] Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Hight, Stephen D.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Bloem, Stephanie] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, CPHST,Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Paraiso, O (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. FU FAMU-USDA APHIS [07-10-8100-0755-CA] FX We thank Shalom Benton (FAMU) for field collection and laboratory assistance and Chris Albanese, Michael Getman, and John Mass (USDA-ARS-CMAVE, Tallahassee) for field assistance. We thank Stuart Reitz (USDA-ARS-CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL) and Jim Nation (University of Florida) for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work is funded under the FAMU-USDA APHIS Cooperative Agreement, 07-10-8100-0755-CA. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 743KH UT WOS:000289016700011 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Witkus, GL AF Pemberton, Robert W. Witkus, Gloria L. TI TRACHYAPHTHONA NIGRITA AND TRACHYAPHTHONA SORDIDA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) REJECTED AS POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF PAEDERIA FOETIDA L. (RUBIACEAE), AN INVASIVE WEED IN HAWAII AND FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pemberton, Robert W.; Witkus, Gloria L.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Rpemberton5@gmail.com NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 112 EP 114 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 743KH UT WOS:000289016700016 ER PT J AU McGinley, K Cubbage, FW AF McGinley, Kathleen Cubbage, Frederick W. TI Governmental regulation and nongovernmental certification of forests in the tropics: Policy, execution, uptake, and overlap in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Forest regulation; Forest certification; Sustainable forest management; Tropical forest management ID IMPLEMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION AB We analyzed how and why governmental forest regulation and nongovernmental forest certification in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua and their execution lead to, or fail to produce desired changes in forest owner and user behavior toward the enhanced sustainability of tropical forests. The findings confirmed not only that sufficient resources and capacity for forest policy execution are crucial for attaining policy objectives, but also that innovative arrangements for promoting, verifying, and enforcing policy compliance can compensate for limited resources and processes. Such arrangements incorporate a mixture of policy tools and actors that go beyond the traditional command-and-control approach, including the establishment of positive fiscal incentives for sustainable forest management, provision of technical assistance, participation of private-sector forest stewards, and support from nongovernmental organizations. The results also shed light on the mitigating effects of local-level inducements and constraints to governmental and nongovernmental forest policy adoption and compliance, such as forest size and composition, available resources, technical capacity, and attitudes toward forest policy and implementers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McGinley, Kathleen] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Cubbage, Frederick W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McGinley, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM kmcginley@fs.fed.us NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 206 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.10.002 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 749UL UT WOS:000289496200009 ER PT J AU Fratarnico, PM Yan, XH Caprioli, A Esposito, G Needleman, DS Pepe, T Tozzoli, R Cortesi, ML Morabito, S AF Fratarnico, Pina M. Yan, Xianghe Caprioli, Alfredo Esposito, Giuseppina Needleman, David S. Pepe, Tiziana Tozzoli, Rosangela Cortesi, Maria Luisa Morabito, Stefano TI The complete DNA sequence and analysis of the virulence plasmid and of five additional plasmids carried by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 strain H30 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. coli O26; STEC; VTEC; Virulence plasmid; DNA sequence; Comparative genomics ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT; TRANSFER REGION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; BIOFILM FORMATION; GENOME SEQUENCE; CRYPTIC PLASMID; IN-VITRO; O157-H7 AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains belonging to serogroup O26 have been associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition to chromosomal virulence genes, STEC strains usually harbor a large plasmid that carries genes associated with pathogenicity. The complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of 6 plasmids carried by STEC O26:H11 strain H30 were determined. The large virulence plasmid (pO26-Vir) was approximately 168 kb in size and contained 196 open reading frames (ORFs). pO26-Vir possesses a mosaic structure and shows similarity to the virulence plasmids in locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-negative STEC O113:H21 EH41 (pO113), in E. coli clinical strain C1096 (pSERB1), and in E. coli 0157:H7 RIMD 0509952 (pO157). Plasmid pO26-Vir shares several highly conserved regions with pO157 and carries important virulence genes, including toxB, katP, espP, and the hly gene cluster. In addition, pO26-Vir possesses genes encoding for type IV pili (pilL-V). The second largest plasmid, pO26-L (73 kb) contains 101 ORFs. pO26-L carries the tetracycline resistance gene and has regions that show similarity to the E. coli conjugative resistance plasmid NR1. The third largest plasmid, pO26-S4 (5.8 kb), is homologous to the ColE2 colicinogenic plasmid that encodes for colicin E2. The remaining 3 plasmids, pO26-S1 (1.5 kb), pO26-S2 (3.1 kb), and pO26-S3 (4.2 kb), carry very little genetic information except for putative proteins involved in plasmid replication and DNA maintenance. The data presented underscore the diversity among the STEC virulence plasmids and provide insights into the evolution of these plasmids in STEC strains that cause serious human illness. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Fratarnico, Pina M.; Yan, Xianghe; Needleman, David S.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Caprioli, Alfredo; Tozzoli, Rosangela; Morabito, Stefano] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Sanita Pubbl Vet & Sicurezza Aliment, European Reference Lab Escherichia Coli Including, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Esposito, Giuseppina; Pepe, Tiziana; Cortesi, Maria Luisa] Univ Naples Federico II, Fac Med Vet, Sez Ispez, Dipartimento Sci Zootecn & Ispez Alimenti, I-80137 Naples, Italy. RP Fratarnico, PM (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov RI Morabito, Stefano/G-1988-2010; caprioli, alfredo/A-8709-2013; Tozzoli, Rosangela/I-3228-2014 OI Morabito, Stefano/0000-0003-2467-2912; FU EU [SANCO 2005/FOOD SAFETY/031] FX This work was partially supported by EU grant SANCO 2005/FOOD SAFETY/031 Public Health-E. coli from the European Commission. The authors are solely responsible for the work described in this paper, and their opinions are not necessarily those of the E.U. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4221 EI 1618-0607 J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 301 IS 3 BP 192 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.09.002 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 749GF UT WOS:000289451300002 PM 21212019 ER PT J AU Joseph, R Reed, S Ayala-Silva, T Glaz, B AF Joseph, Ricardo Reed, Stewart Ayala-Silva, Tomas Glaz, Barry TI The effects of natural and induced short-term floods on four sugarcane accessions SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Brix; fiber; flooding; photosynthesis; pol; sugarcane; theoretical recoverable sucrose ID WATER-TABLE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES AB A study was initiated at the USDA/ARS Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, USA to evaluate the potential for flood tolerance in several accessions from Saccharum barberi (Jeswiet) and S. sinense (Roxb. Amend. Jeswiet) sugarcane genera. The experimental design included 4 accessions, Kewali, Mangwa (S. barbed), Guilini, and Kacai (S. sinense). There were two flood durations of 4 or 7 days with non-flooded controls and three replications of each treatment. Photosynthesis (Ps), transpiration (Tr) and stomata! resistance (RS) were measured during the growing season. At harvest plot weight, stalk and leaf dimensions, and sugar content were determined. Photosynthetic rates tended to be higher with the plant cane than the ratoon crop. There were no differences in Ps, Tr and RS between different flood durations for combined data across all sampling dates. However, on days when the cane fields were flooded Ps tended to be lowest with the 7-D flood treatment. The size of the leaves at harvest and the combined Ps rate were not a dominant influence on recoverable sugar per cane and sugar yield for an entire plot. Flood duration had no significant effect on any plant and sucrose content variables. However, plot weight, stalk number and stalk diameter tended to go down as flood duration increased from zero to seven days. Theoretical recoverable sucrose tended to increase with flood duration. In the plant cane, stalk number was the most important determinant of sugar yield. In the ratoon crop, TRS (theoretical recoverable sugar) was the most important determinant of sugar yield. Short term floods up to 7 d did not adversely affect single leaf photosynthesis. Differences in photosynthesis did not translate into higher sucrose yield. Sugarcane clones in our study showed only minor responses to the short term flooding compared to flood durations of two months or longer in other studies. C1 [Joseph, Ricardo; Reed, Stewart; Ayala-Silva, Tomas] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Glaz, Barry] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Reed, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Stewart.Reed@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1347 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 741RZ UT WOS:000288883400028 ER PT J AU Reagan, TE Akbar, W Showler, AT AF Reagan, T. E. Akbar, W. Showler, A. T. TI A nutritional perspective of sugarcane resistance to stalk borers and sap feeders SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Society-of-Sugar-Cane-Technologists CY MAR 07-11, 2010 CL Veracruz, MEXICO SP Int Soc Sugar Cane Technol, Australian Ctr Int Agr Res (ACIAR), Yunnan Sugar Res Inst (YSRI), Guangzhou Sugar Ind Res Inst, Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org (CSIRO), CSR Ltd, BSES Ltd, Cooperat Res Ctr Sugarcane Ind Innovat Biotechnol (CRCSIIB) DE cultivar resistance; Eoreuma loftini; free amino acids; Melanaphis sacchari; Saccharum spp.; sugarcane ID MELANAPHIS-SACCHARI; LEPIDOPTERA; CRAMBIDAE; LOUISIANA; CULTIVARS AB Two relatively new key species in Louisiana, USA that conform to the plant stress hypothesis are the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) and the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). High performance liquid chromatography differentiated insect resistant and susceptible sugarcane cultivars based on nutritional profiles involving free amino acids (FAAs). For E. loftini susceptible cultivar LCP 85-384, concentrations of essential and nonessential FAAs in whole leaf tissue samples were more than twice as high as in the resistant cultivar HoCP 85-845. Similarly, M. sacchari susceptible L 97-128 exhibited more than three fold higher concentrations of essential FAAs in the phloem sap compared to the resistant cultivar, HoCP 91-555. Two essential FAAs, histidine and arginine, were detected only in the sap of L 97-128. A novel approach to evaluate insect resistant and susceptible cultivars is proposed. C1 [Reagan, T. E.; Akbar, W.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Showler, A. T.] ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Reagan, TE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM treagan@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1347 BP 220 EP 223 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 741RZ UT WOS:000288883400030 ER PT J AU Dombrowski, JE Hind, SR Martin, RC Stratmann, JW AF Dombrowski, James E. Hind, Sarah R. Martin, Ruth C. Stratmann, Johannes W. TI Wounding systemically activates a mitogen-activated protein kinase in forage and turf grasses SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MAPK; Systemic signal; Wounding; Grass; Lolium temulentum ID SUSPENSION-CULTURED CELLS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; STRESS RESPONSES; OLIGOSACCHARIDE ELICITORS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESSES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; JASMONATE SYNTHESIS; LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM; SIGNALING PATHWAY; PLANT HORMONES AB Forage and turf grasses are continually cut and grazed by livestock, however very little is known concerning the perception or molecular responses to wounding. Mechanical wounding rapidly activated a 46 kDa and a 44 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in six different grass species. In the model grass species Lolium temulenturn, the 46 kDa MAPKwas rapidly activated within 5 min of wounding both locally and systemically in an adjacent unwounded tiller. This indicates that wounding generates a rapidly propagated long-distance signal that activates a MAPK in the distal portions of the plant. This 46 kDa MAPK activity was not enhanced by the addition of the pathogen-associated signal salicylic acid (SA) to the wound site nor induced when exposed to methyl jasmonate (MJ), which is a potent inducer of the wound response in dicotyledonous plants. However, pretreatment with MJ increased the wound-induced activity of the 44 kDa MAPK over the activity in control plants. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Dombrowski, James E.; Martin, Ruth C.] Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hind, Sarah R.; Stratmann, Johannes W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Dombrowski, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jim.Dombrowski@ars.usda.gov RI Hind, Sarah/G-5383-2015 OI Hind, Sarah/0000-0003-3090-0061 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0745545] FX Special thanks are extended to Vicky Hollenbeck (USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR) for her assistance in performing the tissue extractions and immunoblot analysis of the MAPKs, and to Dr. Lloyd T. Evans (CSIRO, Canberra Australia) for his generous gift of the L temulentum cv. Ceres seed. A portion of the research was supported by National Science Foundation grant IOS-0745545 (to J.W.S.). Experimental methods performed in this research complied with current laws and regulations of the U.S.A. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 180 IS 5 BP 686 EP 693 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.01.010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 747SH UT WOS:000289339200004 PM 21421419 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Roper, BB Archer, EK Miller, S AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Roper, Brett B. Archer, Eric K. Miller, Scott TI Quantifying the Extent of and Factors Associated with the Temporal Variability of Physical Stream Habitat in Headwater Streams in the Interior Columbia River Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LAND-USE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; COASTAL STREAMS; REGIONAL TRENDS; TIMBER HARVEST; COHO SALMON; FOREST; RIPARIAN AB The quality and quantity of stream habitat can have profound impacts on the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. Stream networks, however, are dynamic in their response to natural-and human-induced disturbance regimes, which results in spatially explicit patterns of temporal variability. Quantifying spatial patterns in habitat (temporal) variability across different sites and identifying those factors associated with different levels of variability are important steps for stream habitat assessments. We evaluated the temporal variability in stream habitat over a 9-year period for 47headwater streams of the interior Columbia River basin. We used repeat-measures analyses to calculate temporal variability as root mean square error for six habitat attributes at each site. Multiple linear regression analyses with root mean square error as the response were then used to quantify which landscape, climate, and disturbance attributes were associated with different levels of temporal variability among habitat attributes. Our results indicated a considerable range of temporal variability in physical stream attributes across sites and an almost fourfold difference in the overall variability at sites. Landscape factors affecting stream power, land management activities, and recent fire regimes were all factors associated with the different levels of temporal variability across sites; surprisingly, we found little association with the different climatic attributes considered herein. The observed differences in temporal variability across sites suggest that a "one-size-fits-all" approach to monitoring stream habitat in response to restoration and management activities may be misleading, particularly in terms of sampling intensity, required resources, and statistical power; thus, in situ measures of temporal variability may be required for accurate assessments of statistical power. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Roper, Brett B.; Archer, Eric K.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Miller, Scott] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Natl Aquat Monitoring Ctr, Bur Land Management, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010; Miller, Scott/H-6548-2011 FU USFS; Oregon-Washington office of the BLM; Idaho office of the BLM FX We would like to thank the many summer field technicians who collected the data for these analyses; we also thank Jeremiah Heitke (USFS), Ryan Leary (USFS), and Tim Romano (USFS) for logistical support and technical guidance. We are grateful to Phil Larsen (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency) for providing insight and to three anonymous reviewers for their comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Regions 1, 4, and 6 of the USFS and the Oregon-Washington and Idaho offices of the BLM provided funding for this project. We received statistical guidance from USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station statistician Dave Turner. NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567865 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 751PN UT WOS:000289630100014 ER PT J AU Firman, JC Steel, EA Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Christiansen, K Feist, BE Larsen, DP Anlauf, K AF Firman, Julie C. Steel, E. Ashley Jensen, David W. Burnett, Kelly M. Christiansen, Kelly Feist, Blake E. Larsen, David P. Anlauf, Kara TI Landscape Models of Adult Coho Salmon Density Examined at Four Spatial Extents SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LAND-USE; MARINE SURVIVAL; COASTAL OREGON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; STREAM HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; FINE SEDIMENT; SCALE; USA AB Salmon occupy large areas over which comprehensive surveys are not feasible owing to the prohibitive expense of surveying thousands of kilometers of streams. Studies of these populations generally rely on sampling a small portion of the distribution of the species. However, managers often need information about areas that have not been visited. The availability of geographical information systems data on landscape features over broad extents makes it possible to develop models to comprehensively predict the distribution of spawning salmon over large areas. In this study, the density of spawning coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was modeled from landscape features at multiple spatial extents to identify regions or conditions needed to conserve populations of threatened fish, identify spatial relationships that might be important in modeling, and evaluate whether seventh-field hydrologic units might serve as a surrogate for delineated catchments. We used geospatial data to quantify landscape characteristics at four spatial extents (a 100-m streamside buffer, a 500-m streamside buffer, all adjacent seventh-field hydrologic units [mean area = 18 km(2)], and the catchment upstream from the reach [mean area = 17 km(2)]). Predictions from models incorporating land use, land ownership, geology, and climate variables were significantly correlated (r = 0.66-0.75, P < 0.0001) with observed adult coho salmon in the study area. In general, coho salmon densities (peak count of adults per kilometer) were greatest in river reaches within landscapes of undeveloped forest land with little area in weak rock types, areas with low densities of cattle and roads, and areas with a relatively large range in winter temperatures. The ability to predict the spatial distribution of coho salmon spawners from landscape data has great utility in guiding conservation, monitoring, and restoration efforts. C1 [Firman, Julie C.; Anlauf, Kara] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Off, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Burnett, Kelly M.; Christiansen, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jensen, David W.; Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Firman, JC (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Off, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM julie.firman@oregonstate.edu OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board FX We thank Kirstin Holsman, Steve Jacobs, Dave Jepsen, and Phil Roni for their comments on this work. Erin Gilbert was instrumental in delineating stream segments and helped to determine the scope and direction of this work. Steve Jacobs, Kelly Moore, and Mark Lewis led the project to monitor coho salmon, and a cast of hundreds was involved in gathering and preparing data on adult coho salmon and landscape conditions. Funding was provided by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 440 EP 455 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567854 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 751PN UT WOS:000289630100017 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M AF Ollinger, Michael TI Structural Change in the Meat and Poultry Industry and Food Safety Regulations SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID SLAUGHTER PLANTS; TECHNOLOGY; COSTS; CONSOLIDATION; ECONOMIES; PATHOGEN; SCALE; EXIT AB This study uses plant-level micro-data over 1987-2002 and a translog cost function to examine structural change in the cattle and chicken slaughter and pork processing and sausage-making industries during a period of increasing food safety oversight. Results suggest that labor and capital cost shares rose and the meat share of costs dropped in all industries and that long-run costs rose in the cattle slaughter, pork processing, and chicken slaughter industries. Results also suggest that events may have favored large cattle slaughter plants throughout the period and large chicken slaughter plants during the implementation period of the Pathogen Reduction Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (PR/HACCP) rule spanning the 1997-2002 period. There is no evidence that events favored large plants over small plants in pork processing and sausage-making. This is important because regulatory effects must have been small in those industries if the relationship did not change. [EconLit citations: L510; L160]. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Ollinger, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM ollinger@ERS.USDA.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD SPR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 244 EP 257 DI 10.1002/agr.20258 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 746AI UT WOS:000289212800008 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, WW Johnson, JMF Lightle, DT Karlen, DL Novak, JM Barbour, NW Laird, DA Baker, J Ochsner, TE Halvorson, AD Archer, DW Arriaga, F AF Wilhelm, Wally W. Johnson, Jane M. F. Lightle, Dave T. Karlen, Douglas L. Novak, Jeff M. Barbour, Nancy W. Laird, David A. Baker, John Ochsner, Tyson E. Halvorson, Ardell D. Archer, David W. Arriaga, Francisco TI Vertical Distribution of Corn Stover Dry Mass Grown at Several US Locations SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cobs; Crop residues; Corn stover; Harvest index RUSLE2; Soil erosion; Soil organic matter ID WATER EROSION CONTROL; ORGANIC-CARBON; HARVEST INDEX; GRAIN-YIELD; SOIL; CROP; TILLAGE; BIOMASS; MOISTURE; REMOVAL AB Corn (Zea mays L.) stover was identified as a renewable non-food agricultural feedstock for production of liquid fuels, biopower, and other bioproducts, but it is also needed for erosion control, carbon sequestration, and nutrient cycling. To help balance these multiple demands, our objectives were to (1) determine height distribution of corn stover biomass, (2) quantify the percentage of stover that is corn cob, and (3) develop a general relationship between plant harvest height and stover remaining in the field for a broad range of growing conditions, soil types, and hybrids in different regions. Plant height, dry grain, stover, and cob yield data were collected at eight US locations. Overall, stover yield increased about 0.85 Mg ha(-1) and cob yield increased about 0.10 Mg ha(-1) for each 1.0 Mg ha(-1) increase in dry grain yield. At grain harvest, the stover-to-grain ratio ranged from 0.64 to 0.96 and cob-to-grain ratio ranged from 0.11 to 0.19. A strong nearly 1:1 linear (r(2)=0.93) relationship between the relative cutting height and relative biomass remaining in the field was observed across all sites. These data were requested by the US Department of Agriculture-Natural Resource Conservation Service to help improve version 2 of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE2) and Wind Erosion Prediction System and better estimate corn stover harvest rates based on cutting height or selective organ harvest (e. g., grain and cob only). This information will improve the capacity of RUSLE2 and similar models to predict the erosion risk associated with harvesting corn residues. C1 [Johnson, Jane M. F.; Barbour, Nancy W.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Wilhelm, Wally W.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Lightle, Dave T.] USDA NRCS Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Karlen, Douglas L.; Laird, David A.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Novak, Jeff M.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Baker, John; Ochsner, Tyson E.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Archer, David W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Arriaga, Francisco] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Jane.johnson@ars.usda.gov; dave.lightle@lin.usda.gov; Doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov; Jeff.novak@ars.usda.gov; Nancy.barbour@ars.usda.gov; David.laird@ars.usda.gov; John.baker@ars.usda.gov; Tyson.ochsner@okstate.edu; Ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov; David.archer@ars.usda.gov; Francisco.arriaga@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014; OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 FU North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University through a grant provided by the US Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs [DE-FC36-05GO85041] FX The authors dedicate this publication to Dr. Wally Wilhelm for his foresight and dedication to protecting the soil resource while building a bioeconomy. He is sorely missed. We would like to thank Dr. Charles C. Mitchell (Dept. of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, AL) for allowing us to collect samples at The Old Rotation historic cotton research site. We also thank B. Burmeister for proof-reading the final version, but we take full responsibility for any errors. Publication costs were covered by funding from the North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University through a grant provided by the US Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs under award number DE-FC36-05GO85041. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9097-z PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746QE UT WOS:000289261000002 ER PT J AU Shinners, KJ Wepner, AD Muck, RE Weimer, PJ AF Shinners, Kevin J. Wepner, Aaron D. Muck, Richard E. Weimer, Paul J. TI Aerobic and Anaerobic Storage of Single-pass, Chopped Corn Stover SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Feedstock; Storage; Fermentation; Silage; Anaerobic; Aerobic; Stover; Corn ID HARVEST; ENSILAGE; GRAIN AB Corn stover has great potential as a biomass feedstock due its widespread availability. However, storage characteristics of moist corn stover harvested from single-pass harvesters have not been well quantified. In 2007, whole-plant corn stover at 19.1-40.3% (w.b.) moisture content was stored for 237 days in aerobic piles, one covered and one uncovered, as well an anaerobic silo bag. In 2008, two stover materials-whole plant and cob/husk from 31.7% to 58.1% (w.b.) moisture-were stored for 183 or 204 days in covered and uncovered anaerobic piles, ventilated bags, or anaerobic silo bags. Stover stored in uncovered piles was rehydrated by precipitation, which increased biological activity resulting in dry matter (DM) losses from 8.2% to 39.1% with an average of 21.5%. Stover in covered piles was successfully conserved when the average moisture was less than 25% (w.b.) with DM losses of 3.3%. Stover above 36% (w.b.) moisture and piled under a plastic cover had DM losses from 6.4% to 20.2% with an average of 11.9%. Localized heating occurred in the aerobic piles when moisture was above 45% (w.b.) which lead to temperatures where spontaneous combustion might be a concern (i.e., >70 degrees C). Ambient air blown through a center tube in the ventilated storage bag dried stover near the tube to an average of 24.2% (w.b.), but the remainder of the bag averaged 46.8% (w.b.) at removal. Loss of DM ranged from 7.4% to 22.0% with an average of 11.8% with this storage method. Stover was most successfully conserved in the bags where anaerobic conditions were maintained. Under anaerobic conditions, DM losses ranged from 0.2% to 0.9%. When anaerobic conditions were not maintained in the silo bag, DM losses averaged 6.1% of DM. Anaerobic storage is the best solution for conserving the value of moist corn stover. C1 [Shinners, Kevin J.; Wepner, Aaron D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Muck, Richard E.; Weimer, Paul J.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shinners, KJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kjshinne@wisc.edu FU University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; John Deere Harvester Works; John Deere Moline Technology and Innovation Center; DOE [NRCS 68-3A75-4-137] FX This research was partially sponsored by the University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, John Deere Harvester Works, John Deere Moline Technology and Innovation Center, and the DOE (Grant No. NRCS 68-3A75-4-137). This research could not have been completed without the assistance of the staff of the Arlington Agricultural Research Station. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9101-7 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746QE UT WOS:000289261000005 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ AF Burri, Betty J. TI Evaluating Sweet Potato as an Intervention Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency SO COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Review ID BETA-CAROTENE CONTENT; GERBILS MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; RETINOID METABOLISM; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DOUBLE-TRACER; COLOR VALUES; DARK-GREEN; VEGETABLES; CHILDREN AB Vitamin A (VA) deficiency causes over 600000 deaths per year, mostly of young children or pregnant women. Populations prone to VA deficiency obtain about 82% of their VA from plant sources that are rich in pro-VA carotenoids such as beta-carotene. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) are an especially good source. We evaluated OFSP carotenoid concentrations, bioaccessibility, and cooking and storage, then used this to estimate the amount of OFSP needed to supply 100% of VA for people at risk for deficiency. The grams/day of OFSP needed to meet VA requirements varies with age and sex, and with the amount of beta-carotene in the OFSP. Amounts ranged from 6 to 33 g/d (0.02 to 0.13 cups/d) for a 3-y-old child with marginal VA status; to 68 to 381 g/d, (0.27 to 1.49 cups/d) for a lactating woman with good status. These are amounts that can be eaten on a daily basis. The amount of OFSP needed to supply the VA requirement to all of the 208.1 million people most in danger of VA deficiency for 1 y is 2.1 to 11.7 million metric tons, or 2% to 11% of current world sweet potato production. The most important factor influencing the effectiveness of sweet potato for preventing VA deficiency, by far, is the variety of sweet potato used. Fat in the diet is also important. We conclude that OFSP could prevent VA deficiency in many food-deficit countries-if OFSP were substituted for white, cream, yellow, or purple sweet potatoes. C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM betty.burri@ars.usda.gov NR 124 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1541-4337 J9 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F JI Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 118 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00146.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 723EJ UT WOS:000287488800003 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, Guy J. TI Phytosanitary Applications of Irradiation SO COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Review ID ROENTGEN RAYS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; CIGARETTE BEETLE; COLEOPTERA AB Phytosanitary treatments are used to disinfest agricultural commodities of quarantine pests so that the commodities can be shipped out of quarantined areas. Ionizing irradiation is a promising phytosanitary treatment that is increasing in use worldwide. Almost 19000 metric tons of sweet potatoes and several fruits plus a small amount of curry leaf are irradiated each year in 6 countries, including the United States, to control a number of plant quarantine pests. Advantages over other treatments include tolerance by most fresh commodities, ability to treat in the final packaging and in pallet loads, and absence of pesticide residues. Disadvantages include lack of acceptance by the organic food industries and logistical bottlenecks resulting from current limited availability of the technology. A regulatory disadvantage is lack of an independent verification of treatment efficacy because pests may be found alive during commodity inspection, although they will not complete development or reproduce. For phytosanitary treatments besides irradiation, the pests die shortly after the treatment is concluded. This disadvantage does not hamper its use by industry, but rather makes the treatment more difficult to develop and regulate. Challenges to increase the use of phytosanitary irradiation (PI) are cost, because commercial use has not yet reached an optimum economy of scale, lack of facilities, because of their cost and current inability to feasibly locate them in packing facilities, lack of approved treatments for some quarantine pests, and concern about the process by key decision makers, such as packers, shippers, and retailers. Methods for overcoming these challenges are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Business Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Guy.Hallman@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-4337 J9 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F JI Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00144.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 723EJ UT WOS:000287488800005 ER PT J AU Tripathi, S Suzuki, JY Carr, JB McQuate, GT Ferreira, SA Manshardt, RM Pitz, KY Wall, MM Gonsalves, D AF Tripathi, Savarni Suzuki, Jon Y. Carr, James B. McQuate, Grant T. Ferreira, Stephen A. Manshardt, Richard M. Pitz, Karen Y. Wall, Marisa M. Gonsalves, Dennis TI Nutritional composition of Rainbow papaya, the first commercialized transgenic fruit crop SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Papaya; Carica papaya L; Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV); Food safety; Papain; BITC; Minerals; Transgenic; Vitamin A; Vitamin C; Food composition; Food analysis ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; CARICA-PAPAYA; RINGSPOT-VIRUS; VITAMIN-C; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLANTS; CAROTENOIDS; VEGETABLES; ENZYMES; PROTECTION AB Rainbow papaya (Carica papaya L) is a genetically engineered (GE) cultivar with resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This cultivar currently accounts for about 70% of Hawaii's papaya acreage. The nutritional composition of Rainbow papaya and a non-transgenic control were analyzed to address GE food safety concerns regarding the potential for altered nutritional composition and altered expression of inherent allergens and toxic proteins. Rainbow papaya fruit were analyzed at three ripening stages and the data compared to that of a non-transgenic papaya which shares a similar pedigree. No differences were observed between GE and non-GE papaya for 36 nutrients at any of the tested fruit ripeness stages. However, vitamin A was higher and calcium levels were lower in the GE fruit. The GE fruit showed higher levels of protein and papain at the earliest stage of ripening (color break), but in ripened fruit these differences were insignificant. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) levels were very low and similar for both Rainbow and the non-transgenic control fruit at all ripeness stages. Our data show that the contents of nutrients, BITC and papain of GE Rainbow papaya are within the range of those of non-GE papaya and that the Rainbow cultivar is substantially similar to the non-GE cultivar. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tripathi, Savarni; Suzuki, Jon Y.; Carr, James B.; McQuate, Grant T.; Wall, Marisa M.; Gonsalves, Dennis] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Tripathi, Savarni; Ferreira, Stephen A.; Pitz, Karen Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Manshardt, Richard M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gonsalves, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM dennis.gonsalves@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.07.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 743MG UT WOS:000289021800002 ER PT J AU Susta, L Miller, PJ Afonso, CL Brown, CC AF Susta, L. Miller, P. J. Afonso, C. L. Brown, C. C. TI Clinicopathological Characterization in Poultry of Three Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated From Recent Outbreaks SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus 1; Newcastle disease virus; chickens; pathogenesis; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE PROTEIN; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENESIS; CLEAVAGE; SASKATCHEWAN; WATERFOWL; SEQUENCE AB Newcastle disease is a severe threat to the poultry industry and is caused by Newcastle disease virus, a member of the genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. The virus is rapidly evolving, and several new genotypes have been discovered in the past few years. Characterization of these strains is important to evaluate field changes, anticipate new outbreaks, and develop adequate control measures. Three Newcastle disease isolates (APMV-1/duck/Vietnam, Long Bien/78/2002, APMV-1/chicken/Australia/9809-19-1107/1998, and APMV-1/double-crested cormorant/USA, Nevada/19529- 04/2005) from recent outbreaks were investigated via clinicopathological assessment, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization, virus isolation, and serology in experimentally infected 4-week-old chickens. Phylogenetic studies showed that Australia isolate belongs to class II genotype I, Long Bien to class II genotype VIId, and Nevada cormorant to class II genotype V. Even though all 3 viruses had a virulent fusion protein cleavage site and ICPI values greater than 1.5, they all differed in their ability to cause clinical signs, in their lesions, and in their viral distribution in body tissues. The Long Bien isolate showed the most severe clinicopathological picture and the most widespread viral distribution. The Australia and Nevada cormorant isolates had a milder pathological phenotype, with viral replication restricted to only a few organs. The variability in clinicopathological characteristics despite the similarity in ICPI suggests that full clinicopathological assessment is necessary to fully characterize new isolates and that there are differences in pathogenesis among viruses of different genotypes. C1 [Susta, L.; Brown, C. C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA USA. [Miller, P. J.; Afonso, C. L.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), UGA, CVM, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM corbrown@uga.edu NR 39 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1177/0300985810375806 PG 12 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 745MV UT WOS:000289170400002 PM 20685918 ER PT J AU Krueger, ES Ochsner, TE Porter, PM Baker, JM AF Krueger, Erik S. Ochsner, Tyson E. Porter, Paul M. Baker, John M. TI Winter Rye Cover Crop Management Influences on Soil Water, Soil Nitrate, and Corn Development SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-STAGES; UPPER MIDWEST; YIELD; FORAGE; MULCH; MOISTURE; TILLAGE; TEMPERATURE; DRAINAGE; CEREALS AB A winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop can be seeded after corn (Zea mays L.) silage to mitigate some of the environmental concerns associated with corn silage production. Rye can be managed as a cover crop by chemical termination or harvested for forage. A field study was conducted in Morris, MN in 2008 and 2009 to determine the impact of killed vs. harvested rye cover crops on soil moisture and NO(3)-N, and to monitor the impact of the rye on subsequent corn yield. Corn for silage was seeded either after winter fallow (control), after a rye cover crop terminated 3 to 4 wk before corn planting (killed rye), or after a rye forage crop harvested no more than 2 d before corn planting (harvested rye). Soil moisture after killed rye was similar to the control, but after harvested rye was 16% lower. Available soil NO(3)-N was decreased after both killed rye (35%) and harvested rye (59%) compared to the control. Corn biomass yield after killed rye was similar to the control, but yield following harvested rye was reduced by 4.5 Mg ha(-1). Total forage biomass yield (silage + rye) was similar for all treatments. This work demonstrates that the environmental benefits of a winter rye cover crop can be achieved without impacting corn yield, but the later termination required for rye forage production resulted in soil resource depletion and negatively impacted corn silage yield. C1 [Ochsner, Tyson E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Krueger, Erik S.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Porter, Paul M.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, 368 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tyson.ochsner@okstate.edu FU USDA-ARS; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX Funding for this work was provided by USDA-ARS and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0327 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000003 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS Pond, KR AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. Pond, K. R. TI Steer Performance, Intake, and Digesta Kinetics of Switchgrass at Three Forage Masses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER INTAKE; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; PASTURES; DIGESTIBILITY; GRASSES; COASTAL; BASES; RUMINANTS; TIFTON-44; QUALITY AB Management strategies to accommodate switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in production systems have been reported but impact of variation in forage mass (FM) on animal responses and pasture stands are lacking. This 4-yr study assessed canopy and stand characteristic and steer (Bos taurus) responses when 'Kanlow' switchgrass was continuously and variably stocked to produce Short (S) (10-16 cm), Medium (M) (20-26 cm), and Tall (T) (35-41 cm) canopy heights. From April to mid-July (Period 1) FM for S, M, and T average 818, 2164, and 3294 kg ha(-1), respectively. Canopies had similar in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) (626 g kg(-1)), but increased in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from S (645 g kg(-1)) to T (665 g kg(-1)). Diets decreased in IVOMD from S (744 g kg(-1)) to T (706 g kg(-1)). Digesta kinetics data were not altered and average daily gain was similar among FM (1.11 kg d(-1)). From mid-July to late September (Period 2), FM averaged 465, 1282, and 2388 kg ha-1, respectively, for S, M, and T. Whole canopy IVOMD increased from S (484 g kg(-1)) to T (538 g kg(-1)), whereas NDF was not altered (696 g kg(-1)). Steers selected a diet similar in IVOMD (685 g kg(-1)) and NDF (667 g kg(-1)) among FM. Estimates of dry matter intake (kg 100(-1) kg body weight) increased from S (1.75) to T (2.54). Tiller density decreased from T to S. Continuously stocked switchgrass at 20 to 40 cm remained vegetative with 1279 tillers m(-2) after 3 yr of grazing. C1 [Burns, J. C.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Pond, K. R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 337 EP 350 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0357 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000006 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Boote, KJ Kimball, BA Ziska, LH Izaurralde, RC Ort, D Thomson, AM Wolfe, D AF Hatfield, J. L. Boote, K. J. Kimball, B. A. Ziska, L. H. Izaurralde, R. C. Ort, D. Thomson, A. M. Wolfe, D. TI Climate Impacts on Agriculture: Implications for Crop Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; ROTTBOELLIA-COCHINCHINENSIS INTERFERENCE; ENDOSPERM CELL-DIVISION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE AB Changes in temperature, CO2, and precipitation under the scenarios of climate change for the next 30 yr present a challenge to crop production. This review focuses on the impact of temperature, CO2, and ozone on agronomic crops and the implications for crop production. Understanding these implications for agricultural crops is critical for developing cropping systems resilient to stresses induced by climate change. There is variation among crops in their response to CO2, temperature, and precipitation changes and, with the regional differences in predicted climate, a situation is created in which the responses will be further complicated. For example, the temperature effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could potentially cause yield reductions of 2.4% in the South but an increase of 1.7% in the Midwest. The frequency of years when temperatures exceed thresholds for damage during critical growth stages is likely to increase for some crops and regions. The increase in CO2 contributes significantly to enhanced plant growth and improved water use efficiency (WUE); however, there may be a downscaling of these positive impacts due to higher temperatures plants will experience during their growth cycle. A challenge is to understand the interactions of the changing climatic parameters because of the interactions among temperature, CO2, and precipitation on plant growth and development and also on the biotic stresses of weeds, insects, and diseases. Agronomists will have to consider the variations in temperature and precipitation as part of the production system if they are to ensure the food security required by an ever increasing population. C1 [Hatfield, J. L.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Boote, K. J.] Univ Florida, Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kimball, B. A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ziska, L. H.] USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.; Thomson, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ort, D.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wolfe, D.] Cornell Univ, Dep Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 225 TC 199 Z9 208 U1 30 U2 274 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 351 EP 370 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0303 PG 20 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000007 ER PT J AU Izaurralde, RC Thomson, AM Morgan, JA Fay, PA Polley, HW Hatfield, JL AF Izaurralde, R. C. Thomson, A. M. Morgan, J. A. Fay, P. A. Polley, H. W. Hatfield, J. L. TI Climate Impacts on Agriculture: Implications for Forage and Rangeland Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; ALTERS SPECIES COMPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HURLEY PASTURE MODEL; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; LITTER QUALITY AB Projections of temperature and precipitation patterns across the United States during the next 50 yr anticipate a 1.5 to 2 degrees C warming and a slight increase in precipitation as a result of global climate change. There have been relatively few studies of climate change effects on pasture and rangeland (grazingland) species compared to those on crop species, despite the economic and ecological importance of the former. Here we review the literature on responses of pastureland and rangeland species to rising atmospheric CO(2) and climate change (temperature and precipitation) and discuss plant and management factors likely to influence pastureland and rangeland responses to change (e.g., community composition, plant competition, perennial growth habit, seasonal productivity, and management methods). Overall, the response of pastureland and rangeland species to increased [CO(2)] is consistent with the general responses of C(3) and C(4) vegetation, although exceptions exist. Both pastureland and rangeland species may experience accelerated metabolism and advanced development with rising temperature, often resulting in a longer growing season. However, soil resources will often constrain temperature effects. In general, it is expected that increases in [CO(2)] and precipitation will enhance rangeland net primary production (NPP) whereas increased air temperatures will either increase or decrease NPP. Much of the uncertainty in predicting how pastureland and rangeland species will respond to climate change is due to uncertainty in future projections of precipitation, both globally and regionally. This review reveals the need for comprehensive studies of climate change impacts on pastureland and rangeland ecosystems that include an assessment of the mediating effects of grazing regimes and mutualistic relationships (e.g., plant roots-nematodes; N-fixing organisms) as well as changes in water, carbon, and nutrient cycling. C1 [Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.; Thomson, A. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.; Thomson, A. M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Morgan, J. A.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fay, P. A.; Polley, H. W.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 106 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 69 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0304 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000008 ER PT J AU Bronson, KF Malapati, A Scharf, PC Nichols, RL AF Bronson, Kevin F. Malapati, Adi Scharf, Peter C. Nichols, Robert L. TI Canopy Reflectance-Based Nitrogen Management Strategies for Subsurface Drip Irrigated Cotton in the Texas High Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; RECOVERY; YIELD; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION; FERTILIZER; AMMONIUM; NITRATE AB Nitrogen fertilizer management in subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) can be very efficient when N is injected with the irrigation water (fertigated) on a daily basis. However, the daily rates and total amounts of N fertigation are uncertain. Normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), calculated from weekly canopy reflectance measurements can guide N management in SDI cotton. The objective of this 3-yr study (2007-2009) on an Acuff sandy clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Aridic Paleustolls) near Lubbock, TX, was to test two canopy reflectance-based strategies for estimating and adjusting injection rates of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer between first square and early mid-bloom. We also evaluated three N rates; 50, 100, and 150% of the soil test-based N recommendation for a 1400 kg lint ha(-1) yield goal. In the reflectance-based N strategy-1 (RN1), UAN was injected starting at first square at 50% of the soil test N rate. When NDVI in RN1 fell significantly below NDVI of plots with 100% soil test N, the N injection rate was increased to match the injection rate of the 100% soil test plots. The reflectance-based N strategy-2 (RN2) had an initial N injection rate equal to that of the 100% soil test N, and was raised to match the 150% soil test N based on NDVI. Nitrogen rates for the RN1 averaged across 3 yr were 22 kg N ha(-1) less, or 31% less than the soil test treatment, without hurting lint or seed yields. In 2007, N rates with RN2 were 11 kg N ha(-1) higher than the soil test N rate, without any yield benefit. Economic optimum N rates for lint production ranged from 23 kg N ha(-1) in 2009 to 75 kg N ha(-1) in 2008. C1 [Bronson, Kevin F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agric Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Malapati, Adi] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Scharf, Peter C.] Univ Missouri Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Bronson, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agric Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM Kevin.Bronson@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 422 EP 430 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0161 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000014 ER PT J AU Tamang, PL Bronson, KF Malapati, A Schwartz, R Johnson, J Moore-Kucera, J AF Tamang, P. L. Bronson, K. F. Malapati, A. Schwartz, R. Johnson, J. Moore-Kucera, J. TI Nitrogen Requirements for Ethanol Production from Sweet and Photoperiod Sensitive Sorghums in the Southern High Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 1ST 2 YEARS; PERFORMANCE; BIOFUEL; CROPS; YIELD AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has high water use efficiency, and is therefore widely cultivated in the Southern High Plains (SHP). Interest in sorghums for biofuel feedstock has increased recently as ethanol demand expands. Unlike grain sorghum, little data are available on N fertilizer requirements for ethanol production from sweet or forage sorghum production. Our objective was to compare ethanol yields and determine optimal N fertilizer needs for ethanol production from sweet sorghum and photoperiod sensitive (PPS) sorghum with limited irrigation in the SHP. Nitrogen fertilizer rates from 0 to 168 N kg ha(-1) were tested on four sorghum cultivars (two sweet and two PPS) on Acuff sandy clay loam near Lubbock, TX in 2008 and 2009. Total dry matter (TDM) yields averaged 13 Mg ha(-1) across years, cultivars, and N rates. Nitrogen fertilizer response in TDM was observed only in 2009, but bagasse yields responded to N fertilizer in both years. Cellulosic ethanol yields were greater with PPS sorghums than with sweet sorghums in both years. However, total ethanol yields were greater with sweet sorghums than PPS sorghums. Cellulosic ethanol and total ethanol yields responded to N in 2009 only. High preplant soil NO(3) in 2008 apparently precluded TDM and ethanol yield response to N fertilizer. The optimum agronomic N fertilizer rate for ethanol and TDM across all four sorghums was 108 kg ha(-1) respectively in 2009. The optimum N fertilizer rate for maximum profit with $ 0.70 kg N(-1) and $0.50 L(-1) ethanol was 101 kg ha(-1). C1 [Bronson, K. F.] USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Moore-Kucera, J.] Texas Tech Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dep, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Schwartz, R.] USDA ARS, Bushland, TX USA. [Tamang, P. L.; Malapati, A.] Texas A&M Agri Life Res, College Stn, TX USA. RP Bronson, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM Kevin.Bronson@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0288 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000015 ER PT J AU Brennan, EB Boyd, NS Smith, RF Foster, P AF Brennan, E. B. Boyd, N. S. Smith, R. F. Foster, P. TI Comparison of Rye and Legume-Rye Cover Crop Mixtures for Vegetable Production in California SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SWEET CORN PRODUCTION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PLANTING ARRANGEMENT; TOMATO PRODUCTION; WEED SUPPRESSION; BIOMASS YIELD; SEEDING RATE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; GRASS AB Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important cover crop in high-value vegetable production in California. A 2-yr winter study on organic farms in Salinas and Hollister, CA evaluated cover crop population densities, ground cover, aboveground dry matter (DM), and N content of rye and five legume-rye mixtures. Mixtures had 60 or 90% legumes by seed weight and included two or more of the following legumes: faba bean (Vicia faba L.), vetches (V. benghalensis L., V. dasycarpa Ten., V sativa L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seeding rates were 90 (rye) and 140 (mixtures) kg ha(-1), and densities were 142 to 441 plants m(-2). Early-season ground cover was usually greater in monoculture rye and the 60% legume mixtures than the 90% legume mixtures. Total DM, and legume and rye DM in mixtures differed by year, site, harvest, and cover crop. Total DM was usually at least two times higher at season end than mid-season. The 90% legume mixtures generally produced more legume DM than the 60% legume mixtures, but legume DM usually declined after mid-season. Rye DM increased with rye density. Total cover crop N uptake was greater in Hollister than Salinas; however, legume DM and legume N uptake were greater in Salinas. Interactions between site, year, cover crop, and harvest illustrate the complex growth dynamics of legume-rye mixtures. The 90% legume mixtures appear most suitable for vegetable production in California because they had a better balance of legume and rye DM at season end. C1 [Brennan, E. B.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Boyd, N. S.] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dep Environm Sci, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Smith, R. F.] Univ Calif, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [Foster, P.] Phil Foster Ranches, San Juan Bautista, CA 95045 USA. RP Brennan, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM eric.brennan@ars.usda.gov FU Organic Farming Research Foundation in Santa Cruz, CA FX The authors would like thank the farm crew at Phil Foster Ranches for help planting the experiment, Bruce Mackey for statistical assistance, and also thank Jeremy Singer, Jim Leap, and anonymous reviewers for improving this manuscript. This research was partially funded by a grant from the Organic Farming Research Foundation in Santa Cruz, CA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 449 EP 463 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0152 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000017 ER PT J AU Netthisinghe, AMP Gilfillen, B Willian, TW Rowland, NS Sistani, KR AF Netthisinghe, Annesly M. P. Gilfillen, Becky Willian, Todd W. Rowland, Naomi S. Sistani, Karamat R. TI Inorganic Fertilizers after Broiler Litter Amendment Reduce Surplus Nutrients in Orchardgrass Soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TERM LAND APPLICATION; POULTRY LITTER; DAIRY MANURE; NITROGEN; BERMUDAGRASS; PHOSPHORUS; WASTE; YIELD; ACCUMULATION; RECOVERY AB The common producer practice to dispose of broiler litter at high rates to forage crops allow excessive accumulation of soil nutrients. A remediation study was developed to examine if inorganic fertilizer application over the residual fertility of broiler litter would reduce surplus soil nutrients in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) soils and to study the resulting biomass production. Three remediation treatments; inorganic fertilizer on antecedent broiler litter at the nitrogen rate (R-PLN), phosphorus rate (R-PLP), phosphorus rate with inorganic nitrogen (R-PLP+N), and inorganic fertilizer (INORG) were tested and results were compared with broiler litter at nitrogen rate (PLN) phosphorus rate (PLP), and phosphorus rate with inorganic nitrogen (PLP+N). Repeated broiler litter application at N rate led to elevate soil P, Cu, and Zn contents > 200% from the initial levels. Implementing an alternative inorganic fertilizer application cycle in such soils can reduce P, Cu, and Zn levels respectively by 32 mg P kg(-1) yr(-1), 1.9 mg Cu kg(-1) yr(-1), and 2.4 mg Zn kg(-1) yr(-1). Remediation by inorganic fertilizer application may take at least 5 yr to reduce P, Cu, and Zn levels back to the normal range. In addition, inorganic fertilizer application over broiler litter at N rate can offer similar forage production as inorganic fertilizer and N rate broiler litter amendment. An alternative cycle of inorganic fertilizer application after broiler litter amendment can be recommended as a best management practice to remediate surplus soil nutrients in highly broiler litter impacted soils while assuring high forage production benefits. C1 [Netthisinghe, Annesly M. P.; Gilfillen, Becky; Willian, Todd W.; Rowland, Naomi S.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dep Agr, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Sistani, Karamat R.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Netthisinghe, AMP (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dep Agr, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM annesly.netthisinghe@wku.edu FU USDA-ARS FX Authors wish to acknowledge the USDA-ARS for funding this research. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 536 EP 543 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0419 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740XZ UT WOS:000288829000027 ER PT J CA USDA ARS TI Snack Patterns of U.S. Adolescents: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-2006 SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; US ADULTS; CHILDHOOD; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; ENERGY; RISK C1 [USDA ARS] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.1094/CFW-56-2-0062 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 743NH UT WOS:000289024500003 ER PT J AU Fitch, MMM Leong, TCW He, XL McCafferty, HRK Zhu, YJ Moore, PH Gonsalves, D Aldwinckle, HS Atkinson, HJ AF Fitch, Maureen M. M. Leong, Terryl C. W. He, Xiaoling McCafferty, Heather R. K. Zhu, Yun J. Moore, Paul H. Gonsalves, Dennis Aldwinckle, Herb S. Atkinson, Howard J. TI Improved Transformation of Anthurium SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; genetic engineering; somatic embryogenesis ID AXONOPODIS PV. DIEFFENBACHIAE; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TRANSGENIC ANTHURIUM; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SCREENING METHOD; GENE-TRANSFER; PROTEIN; BLIGHT; PLANTS AB Methods to increase transformation efficiency and yields of transgenic Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex. Andre hybrids were sought while effecting gene transfer for resistance to the two most important pests, bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae) and nematodes (Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne javanica). Differentiated explant tissues, embryogenic calli, and comingled mixtures of the two were transformed with binary DNA plasmid constructs that contained a neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) selection gene with a nos promoter and terminator. Explants included approximate to 1-cm long laminae, petioles, internodes, nodes, and root sections from light- and dark-grown in vitro plants. Bacterial blight resistance genes were NPR1 from Arabidopsis, attacin from Hyalophora cecropia, and T4 lysozyme from the T4 bacteriophage. For nematode resistance, rice cystatin and cowpea trypsin inhibitor genes were used. Cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA105, AGL circle divide, and LBA4404 ranged from 2 to 14 days. Over 700 independent, putatively transformed lines were selected with 5 and 20 mg.L-1 geneticin (6418) for cultivars Midori and Marian Seefurth, respectively. Putative transgenic lines were selected 1 to 11.5 months, but on average 5.2 to 8.4 months, after cocultivation depending on the tissue type transformed. Significantly more embryogenic calli (one line per 5 mg calli) produced transgenic lines than did explants (one line per 143 mg explants) (P < 0.004) from approximate to 30 mg of tissue. Calli grew selectively from all explant types, but the type of explant from which each selection was made was not recorded because root, internode, and petiole explants were difficult to discern by the time calli developed. Shoots formed 3 months after calli were transferred to light. Non-transgenic control and transgenic 'Marian Seefurth' formed flower buds in the greenhouse approximate to 28 months after cocultivation. The plants resembled commercially grown plants from a private nursery. No non-transformed escapes were detected among the selections screened for NPTH by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The selections were positive for transgenes as assayed by PCR and Southern hybridizations. Southern blots showed single-copy insertions of the NPRI regulatory gene. The ability to produce large quantities of independent transgenic lines from embryogenic calli in a relatively short time period should enable researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of any transgene by screening numerous anthurium lines for improved performance. C1 [Fitch, Maureen M. M.; Leong, Terryl C. W.; He, Xiaoling; McCafferty, Heather R. K.; Zhu, Yun J.; Moore, Paul H.] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Kunia, HI 96759 USA. [Gonsalves, Dennis] ARS, PBARC, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Aldwinckle, Herb S.] Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Atkinson, Howard J.] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Fitch, MMM (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, POB 100, Kunia, HI 96759 USA. EM mfitch@harc-hspa.com FU Hawaii Anthurium Industry Association; Hawaii Department of Agriculture FX We thank members of the Hawaii Anthurium Industry Association for interest and support of this project, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture for funding, and Green Point Nurseries, Pacific Floral Exchange, and Floral Resources for plant growing facilities for post-transformation plant cultivation. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 358 EP 364 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 739RZ UT WOS:000288737000005 ER PT J AU Browne, GT Grant, JA Schmidt, LS Leslie, CA McGranahan, GH AF Browne, Greg T. Grant, Joseph A. Schmidt, Leigh S. Leslie, Charles A. McGranahan, Gale H. TI Resistance to Phytophthora and Graft Compatibility with Persian Walnut among Selections of Chinese Wingnut SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora citricola; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Juglans hindsii; Juglans regia; Pterocarya stenoptera; English walnut ID JUGLANS-REGIA; ENGLISH WALNUT; CROWN ROT; TREES; ROOT; ROOTSTOCKS; VIRULENCE; HYBRIDS; PARADOX AB Seedlings from seven open-pollinated selections of Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera) (WN) representing collections of the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Davis, CA, and the University of California at Davis were evaluated as rootstocks for resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. citricola and graft compatibility with scions of five cultivars of Persian walnut (Juglans regia). Seedlings of Northern California black walnut (NCB) (J. hindsii) and Paradox hybrid (PH) (typically J. hindsii x J. regia) were used as standards. In greenhouse experiments, potted plants of the rootstocks were subjected to intermittent flooding in soil artificially infested with the pathogens. All WN seedlings were relatively resistant to the pathogens (means of 0% to 36% of root and crown length rotted) compared with NCB (44% to 100%) and PH seedlings (11% to 100%). Negligible disease occurred in flooded control soil without the pathogens. In 9-year graft compatibility trials in an orchard, NCB and PH rootstocks supported relatively good survival and growth of all tested scion cultivars ('Chandler, 'Hartley', 'Serr', 'Tulare', and 'Vina'; final scion survival 80% to 100%, mean scion circumference increase 292 to 541 mm), whereas: results with WN were mixed. Wingnut rootstocks from all sources were incompatible with 'Chandler' (final scion survival 20% to 60%, scion circumference increase 17 to 168 mat). Conversely, all WN rootstocks from all sources were compatible with 'Tulare' and 'Vina' (final scion survival 80% to 100%, scion circumference increase 274 to 556 mm). Use of the WN rootstocks produced variable results in 'Hartley' and 'Serr' (final scion survival 10% to 100%, mean scion circumference increase 69 to 542 mm). There was a tendency for more rootstock sprouts on WN selections than on NCB or PH. In a commercial walnut orchard infested with P. cinnamomi, 'Hartley' survived and grew markedly better on WN selections than on PH. High resistance to P. cinnamomi and P. citricola was common to all of the WN selections. The results indicate that WN selections may be useful rootstocks for cultivars Tulare and Vina in soils infested with P. cinnamomi or P. citricola and that WN selections may contribute valuable resistance to these pathogens in walnut rootstock breeding efforts. C1 [Browne, Greg T.; Schmidt, Leigh S.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grant, Joseph A.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Stockton, CA 95206 USA. [Leslie, Charles A.; McGranahan, Gale H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Browne, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gtbrowne@ucdavis.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 739RZ UT WOS:000288737000007 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Maruthachalam, K Vallad, GE Klosterman, SJ Simko, I Luo, YG Subbarao, KV AF Hayes, Ryan J. Maruthachalam, Karunakaran Vallad, Gary E. Klosterman, Steven J. Simko, Ivan Luo, Yaguang Subbarao, Krishna V. TI Iceberg Lettuce Breeding Lines with Resistance to Verticillium Wilt Caused by Race 1 Isolates of Verticillium dahliae SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Lactuca sativa L.; cultivar; variety; disease resistance; salad-cut lettuce; vegetable breeding; post-harvest quality ID CULTIVARS C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Klosterman, Steven J.; Simko, Ivan] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Vallad, Gary E.; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Luo, Yaguang] ARS, USDA, Food Qual Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ryan.Hayes@ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012; OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477; Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 739RZ UT WOS:000288737000031 ER PT J AU Caperna, TJ Blomberg, LA Garrett, WM Talbot, NC AF Caperna, Thomas J. Blomberg, Le Ann Garrett, Wesley M. Talbot, Neil C. TI Culture of porcine hepatocytes or bile duct epithelial cells by inductive serum-free media SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Cell culture; Cholangiocyte; Duct; Hepatocyte; P-450; gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase; Serum-free ID PRIMARY RAT HEPATOCYTES; GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE; HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELLS; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; IN-VITRO; GENE-EXPRESSION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; LIVER-REGENERATION; OVAL CELLS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE AB A serum-free, feeder cell-dependent, selective culture system for the long-term culture of porcine hepatocytes or cholangiocytes was developed. Liver cells were isolated from 1-wk-old pigs or young adult pigs (25 and 63 kg live weight) and were placed in primary culture on feeder cell layers of mitotically blocked mouse fibroblasts. In serum-free medium containing 1% DMSO and 1 mu M dexamethasone, confluent monolayers of hepatocytes formed and could be maintained for several wk. Light and electron microscopic analysis showed hepatocytes with in vivo-like morphology, and many hepatocytes were sandwiched between the feeder cells. When isolated liver cells were cultured in medium without dexamethasone but with 0.5% DMSO, monolayers of cholangioctyes formed that subsequently self-organized into networks of multicellular ductal structures, and whose cells had monocilia projecting into the lumen of the duct. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was expressed by the cholangiocytes at their apical membranes, i.e., at the inner surface of the ducts. Cellular GGT activity increased concomitantly with the development of ductal structures. Cytochrome P-450 was determined in microsomes following addition of metyrapone to the cultures. In vivo-like levels of P-450s were found in hepatocyte monolayers while levels of P-450 were markedly reduced in cholangiocyte monolayers. Serum protein secretion in conditioned media was analyzed by Western blot and indicated that albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin levels were maintained in hepatocytes while albumin and haptoglobin declined over time in cholangiocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that serum protein mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the hepatocytes monolayers in comparison to the bile ductule-containing monolayers. Further, mRNAs specific to cholangiocyte differentiation and function were significantly elevated in bile ductule monolayers in comparison to hepatocyte monolayers. The results demonstrate an in vitro model for the study of either porcine hepatocytes or cholangiocytes with in vivo-like morphology and function. C1 [Caperna, Thomas J.; Blomberg, Le Ann; Garrett, Wesley M.; Talbot, Neil C.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caperna, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 201,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tom.caperna@ars.usda.gov NR 100 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 218 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s11626-010-9382-3 PG 16 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 740OK UT WOS:000288804100007 PM 21298557 ER PT J AU Barkowski, NA Lochmann, SE Fuller, A Haukenes, AH AF Barkowski, N. A. Lochmann, S. E. Fuller, A. Haukenes, A. H. TI Investigations into the Relationship between Post-Stress Metabolic Rates and Growth of Fishes SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR USA. ARS, USDA, HKD, Washington, DC USA. Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, Germany. EM nbarkowski@uaex.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP E162 EP E162 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733QP UT WOS:000288278100019 ER PT J AU Buhay, JE AF Buhay, J. E. TI Leading researchers to water: Assembling multi-disciplinary collective networks for the study of crustacean populations SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Buhay, J. E.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM jenbuhay@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP E17 EP E17 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733QP UT WOS:000288278100515 ER PT J AU La Croix, S Zelditch, ML Shivik, JA Lundrigan, BL Holekamp, KE AF La Croix, S. Zelditch, M. L. Shivik, J. A. Lundrigan, B. L. Holekamp, K. E. TI Variation in coyote skull morphology, biomechanics, and feeding behavior due to early bone processing opportunities SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM lacroixs@msu.edu RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP E74 EP E74 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733QP UT WOS:000288278100741 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB AF Srygley, R. B. TI Ontogenetic changes in immunity in Mormon crickets SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Srygley, R. B.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP E132 EP E132 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 733QP UT WOS:000288278101218 ER PT J AU Du, ZJ Lv, GQ Rooney, AP Miao, TT Xu, QQ Chen, GJ AF Du, Zong-Jun Lv, Guo-Qiang Rooney, Alejandro P. Miao, Ting-Ting Xu, Qing-Qiang Chen, Guan-Jun TI Agarivorans gilvus sp. nov. isolated from seaweed SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEN. NOV.; AGAROLYTIC BACTERIUM; MARINE; SEDIMENT; KOREA AB A novel agarase-producing, non-endospore-forming marine bacterium, WH0801(T), was isolated from a fresh seaweed sample collected from the coast of Weihai, China. Preliminary characterization based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that WH0801(T) shared 96.1% similarity with Agarivorans albus MKT 106(T), the type species of the genus Agarivorans. A polyphasic taxonomic study was conducted and confirmed the phylogenetic affiliation of strain WH0801(T) to the genus Agarivorans. Isolate WH0801(T) produces light-yellow-pigmented colonies; cells are Gram-stain-negative, straight or curved rods, which are motile with a single polar flagellum. Strain WH0801(T) grew in 0.5-5% NaCl, with optimum growth at 3% NaCl, and its optimal pH and cultivation temperature were 8.4-8.6 and 28-32 degrees C, respectively. Data from biochemical tests, whole-cell fatty acid profiling, 16S rRNA gene sequence studies and DNA DNA hybridization clearly indicated that isolate WH0801(T) represented a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans gilvus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Agarivorans gilvus sp. nov. is WH0801(T) (=NRRL B-59247(T) =CGMCC 1.10131(T)). C1 [Du, Zong-Jun; Lv, Guo-Qiang; Miao, Ting-Ting; Xu, Qing-Qiang; Chen, Guan-Jun] Shandong Univ Weihai, Coll Marine Sci, Weihai 264209, Peoples R China. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Du, Zong-Jun; Chen, Guan-Jun] Shandong Univ, State Key Lab Microbial Technol, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. RP Chen, GJ (reprint author), Shandong Univ Weihai, Coll Marine Sci, Weihai 264209, Peoples R China. EM guanjun@sdu.edu.cn FU China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology [M2010-04]; Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (IIFSDU); Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China [ZR2009EQ009]; Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substance and Modern Analytical Technique, State Oceanic Administration, China [MBSMAT-2009-07] FX This work was supported by China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology (M2010-04), Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (IIFSDU), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2009EQ009) and a grant from Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substance and Modern Analytical Technique, State Oceanic Administration, China (MBSMAT-2009-07). We thank H. Kline and D. P. Labeda for technical support. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 61 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.019810-0 PN 3 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 742EG UT WOS:000288923000004 PM 20363930 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI Reinforcement Effect of Soy Protein/Carbohydrate Ratio in Styrene-Butadiene Polymer SO JOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS LA English DT Article DE composites; reinforcement; rubber; elasticity; soy ID ELASTOMER COMPOSITES; NATURAL-RUBBER; STARCH; FIBERS; FILLER AB Soy protein and carbohydrate at different ratios were blended with latex to form composites. The variation of protein-to-carbohydrate ratio has a significant effect on the composite properties, and the results from dynamic mechanical method showed a substantial reinforcement effect. The composites reinforced by the filler with higher protein content had higher moduli than the composites with higher carbohydrate content. Soy carbohydrate also appeared to have ability to immobilize polymer chains compared to soy protein. The fatigue experiments showed that the composites with higher protein content were more elastic than the composites with higher carbohydrate content after repeatedly stressed with dynamic strain cycles. The recovery experiments showed that the moduli of the composites with higher protein content had better long-time recovery after deformation. The analysis of equilibrated residual structure after the stress-softening cycles showed that the composites with higher protein content were resilient without yielding until a larger strain was applied, while the composites with higher carbohydrate content had a continuous yielding in their structures as the magnitude of the strain was increased. Overall, the study shows that soy fillers with higher protein/carbohydrate ratio have potential to be used as rubber reinforcement. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Lei.Jong@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0095-2443 J9 J ELASTOM PLAST JI J. Elastomer Plast. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 99 EP 117 DI 10.1177/0095244311398632 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 740HY UT WOS:000288784100001 ER PT J AU Maguire, RO Kleinman, PJA Beegle, DB AF Maguire, Rory O. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Beegle, Douglas B. TI Novel Manure Management Technologies in No-Till and Forage Systems: Introduction to the Special Series SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DAIRY MANURE; SUBSURFACE APPLICATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; POULTRY LITTER; AMMONIA EMISSION; LAND APPLICATION; BROILER LITTER; RUNOFF LOSSES; SLURRY; SOILS AB Surface application of manures leaves nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) susceptible to being lost in runoff, and N can also be lost to the atmosphere through ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Tillage immediately after surface application of manure moves manure nutrients under the soil surface, where they are less vulnerable to runoff and volatilization loss. Tillage, however, destroys soil structure, can lead to soil erosion, and is incompatible with forage and no-till systems. A variety of technologies are now available to place manure nutrients under the soil surface, but these are not widely used as surface broadcasting is cheap and long established as the standard method for land application of manure. This collection of papers includes agronomic, environmental, and economic assessments of subsurface manure application technologies, many of which clearly show benefits when compared with surface broadcasting. However, there remain significant gaps in our current knowledge, some related to the site-specific nature of technological performance, others related to the nascent and incomplete nature of the assessment process. Thus, while we know that we can improve land application of manure and the sustainability of farming systems with alternatives to surface broadcasting, many questions remain concerning which technologies work best for particular soils, manure types, and farming and cropping systems. C1 [Maguire, Rory O.] Virginia Tech, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, Douglas B.] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Maguire, RO (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rmaguire@vt.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0396 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000001 PM 21520734 ER PT J AU Maguire, RO Kleinman, PJA Dell, CJ Beegle, DB Brandt, RC McGrath, JM Ketterings, QM AF Maguire, Rory O. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Dell, Curtis J. Beegle, Doug B. Brandt, Robin C. McGrath, Josh M. Ketterings, Quirine M. TI Manure Application Technology in Reduced Tillage and Forage Systems: A Review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID LIQUID SWINE MANURE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; CATTLE SLURRY; NITROUS-OXIDE; SURFACE APPLICATION; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; METHANE EMISSIONS; LOW-DISTURBANCE; BROILER LITTER; WATER-QUALITY AB Managing manure in reduced tillage and forage systems presents challenges, as incorporation by tillage is not compatible. Surface-applied manure that is not quickly incorporated into soil provides inefficient delivery of manure nutrients to crops due to environmental losses through ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization and nutrient losses in runoff, and serves as a major source of nuisance odors. An array of technologies now exist to facilitate the incorporation of liquid manures into soil with restricted or minor soil disturbance, some of which are new: shallow disk injection; chisel injection; aeration infiltration; pressure injection. Surface banding of manure in forages decreases NH(3) emissions relative to surface broadcasting, as the canopy can decrease wind speed over the manure, but greater reductions can be achieved with manure injection. Soil aeration is intended to hasten manure infiltration, but its benefits are not consistent and may be related to factors such as soil drainage characteristics. Work remains to be done on refining its method of use and timing relative to manure application, which may improve its effectiveness. Placing manure under the soil surface by injection offers much promise to improve N use efficiency through less NH(3) volatilization, reduced odors and decreased nutrient losses in runoff, relative to surface application. We identified significant gaps in our knowledge as many of these technologies are relatively new, and this should help target future research efforts including environmental, agronomic, and economic assessments. C1 [Maguire, Rory O.] Virginia Tech, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Dell, Curtis J.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, Doug B.] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McGrath, Josh M.] Univ Maryland, Dep Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ketterings, Quirine M.] Cornell Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Maguire, RO (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rmaguire@vt.edu OI McGrath, Joshua/0000-0002-1212-8795 NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0228 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000002 PM 21520735 ER PT J AU Franklin, DH Butler, DM Cabrera, ML Calvert, VH West, LT Rema, JA AF Franklin, D. H. Butler, D. M. Cabrera, M. L. Calvert, V. H., II West, L. T. Rema, J. A. TI Influence of Aeration Implements, Phosphorus Fertilizers, and Soil Taxa on Phosphorus Losses from Grasslands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MANURE APPLICATION; MECHANICAL AERATION; LOW-DISTURBANCE; WATER-QUALITY; LIQUID MANURE; RUNOFF; PASTURE; APPLICATOR; COMPACTION; NUTRIENT AB Attenuation of rainfall within the solum may help to move contaminants and nutrients into the soil to be better sequestered or utilized by crops. Surface application of phosphorus (P) amendments to grasslands may lead to elevated concentrations of P in surface runoff and eutrophication of surface waters. Aeration of grasslands has been proposed as a treatment to reduce losses of applied P. Here, results from two small-plot aeration studies and two field-scale, paired-watershed studies are supplemented with previously unpublished soil P data and synthesized. The overall objective of these studies was to determine the impact of aeration on soil P, runoff volume, and runoff P losses from mixed tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]-bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) grasslands fertilized with P. Small-scale rainfall simulations were conducted on two soil taxa using three types of aeration implements: spikes, disks, and cores. The-field scale study was conducted on four soil taxa with slit and knife aeration. Small-plot studies showed that core aeration reduced loads of total P and dissolved reactive P (DRP) in runoff from plots fertilized with broiler litter and that aeration was effective in reducing P export when it increased soil P in the upper 5 cm. In the field-scale study, slit aeration reduced DRP losses by 35% in fields with well-drained soils but not in poorly drained soils. Flow-weighted concentrations of DRP in aerated fields were related to water-soluble P applied in amendments and soil test P in the upper 5 cm. These studies show that the overall effectiveness of mechanical soil aeration on runoff volume and P losses is controlled by the interaction of soil characteristics such as internal drainage and compaction, soil P, type of surface-applied manure, and type of aeration implement. C1 [Franklin, D. H.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Butler, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cabrera, M. L.; Rema, J. A.] Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Calvert, V. H., II] Cent Georgia Res & Educ Ctr, Eatonton, GA 31024 USA. [West, L. T.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Franklin, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dory.franklin@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 312 EP 319 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0296 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000004 PM 21520737 ER PT J AU de Koff, JP Moore, PA Formica, SJ Van Eps, M DeLaune, PB AF de Koff, J. P. Moore, P. A., Jr. Formica, S. J. Van Eps, M. DeLaune, P. B. TI Effects of Pasture Renovation on Hydrology, Nutrient Runoff, and Forage Yield SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MANURE APPLICATION; SOIL COMPACTION; BROILER LITTER; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; GRASSLAND; PHOSPHORUS; AERATION AB Proper pasture management is important in promoting optimal forage growth and reducing runoff and nutrient loss. Pasture renovation is a management tool that improves aeration by mechanically creating holes or pockets within the soil. Pasture renovation was performed before manure application (poultry litter or swine slurry) on different pasture soils and rainfall simulations were conducted to identify the effects of pasture renovation on nutrient runoff and forage growth. Renovation of small plots resulted in significant and beneficial hydrological changes. During the first rainfall simulation, runoff volumes were 45 to 74% lower for seven out of eight renovated treatments, and infiltration rates increased by 3 to 87% for all renovated treatments as compared with nonrenovated treatments. Renovation of pasture soils fertilized with poultry litter led to significant reductions in dissolved reactive P (DRP) (74-87%), total P (TP) (76-85%), and total nitrogen (TN) (72-80%) loads in two of the three soils studied during the first rainfall simulation. Renovation did not result in any significant differences in forage yields. Overall, beneficial impacts of renovation lasted up to 3 mo, the most critical period for nutrient runoff following manure application. Therefore, renovation could be an important best management practice in these areas. C1 [de Koff, J. P.] Tennessee State Univ, Dep Agr Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Formica, S. J.; Van Eps, M.] Watershed Conservat Resource Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [DeLaune, P. B.] Texas AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. RP de Koff, JP (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Dep Agr Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM jdekoff@tnstate.edu FU Arkansas Natural Resources Commission; USDA-ARS; USDA-NRCS FX We would like to thank Jerry Martin and David Horlick, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, and Scott Becton, Stephanie Williamson, Suzanne Horlick, University of Arkansas, for their laboratory and field assistance. This research was funded in part by grants from the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, USDA-ARS, and USDA-NRCS. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0158 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000005 PM 21520738 ER PT J AU Kovar, JL Moorman, TB Singer, JW Cambardella, CA Tomer, MD AF Kovar, J. L. Moorman, T. B. Singer, J. W. Cambardella, C. A. Tomer, M. D. TI Swine Manure Injection with Low-Disturbance Applicator and Cover Crops Reduce Phosphorus Losses SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; RUNOFF; SOILS; RAINFALL; WATER; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; INTENSITY; NITROGEN; TILLAGE AB Injection of liquid swine manure disturbs surface soil so that runoff from treated lands can transport sediment and nutrients to surface waters. We determined the effect of two manure application methods on P fate in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production system, with and without a winter rye (Secale cereale L.)-oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop. Treatments included: i) no manure; ii) knife injection; and iii) low-disturbance injection, each with and without the cover crop. Simulated rainfall runoff was analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP). Rainfall was applied 8 d after manure application (early November) and again in May after emergence of the corn crop. Manure application increased soil bioavailable P in the 20- to 30-cm layer following knife injection and in the 5- to 20-cm layer following low-disturbance injection. The low-disturbance system caused less damage to the cover crop, so that P uptake was more than threefold greater. Losses of DRP were greater in both fall and spring following low-disturbance injection; however, application method had no effect on TP loads in runoff in either season. The cover crop reduced fall TP losses from plots with manure applied by either method. In spring, DRP losses were significantly higher from plots with the recently killed cover crop, but TP losses were not affected. Low-disturbance injection of swine manure into a standing cover crop can minimize plant damage and P losses in surface runoff while providing optimum P availability to a subsequent agronomic crop. C1 [Kovar, J. L.; Moorman, T. B.; Singer, J. W.; Cambardella, C. A.; Tomer, M. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kovar, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM john.kovar@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0184 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000006 PM 21520739 ER PT J AU Dell, CJ Meisinger, JJ Beegle, DB AF Dell, Curtis J. Meisinger, John J. Beegle, Douglas B. TI Subsurface Application of Manures Slurries for Conservation Tillage and Pasture Soils and Their Impact on the Nitrogen Balance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; CATTLE SLURRY; SURFACE APPLICATION; LIQUID MANURE; DAIRY MANURE; PIG SLURRY; NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR; METHANE EMISSIONS; INJECTION; GRASSLAND AB Injection of cattle and swine slurries can provide soil incorporation in no-till and perennial forage production. Injection is expected to substantially reduce N loss due to ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization, but a portion of that N conservation may be off set by greater denitrification and leaching losses. This paper reviews our current knowledge of the impacts of subsurface application of cattle and swine slurries on the N balance and outlines areas where a greater understanding is needed. Several publications have shown that liquid manure injection using disk openers, chisels, or tines can be expected to reduce NH(3) emissions by at least 40%, and often by 90% or more, relative to broadcast application. However, the limited number of studies that have also measured denitrification losses have shown that increased denitrification with subsurface application can off set as much as half of the N conserved by reducing NH(3) emissions. Because the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N(2)O) is one product of denitrification, the possible increases in N(2)O emission with injection require further consideration. Subsurface manure application generally does not appear to increase leaching potential when manure is applied at recommended rates. Plant utilization of conserved N was shown in only a portion of the published studies, indicating that further work is needed to better synchronize manure N availability and crop uptake. At this time in the United States, the economic and environmental benefits from reducing losses of N as NH(3) are expected to outweigh potential liability from increases in denitrification with subsurface manure application. To fully evaluate the trade-offs among manure application methods, a detailed environmental and agricultural economic assessment is needed to estimate the true costs of potential increases in N(2)O emissions with manure injection. C1 [Dell, Curtis J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Meisinger, John J.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Beegle, Douglas B.] Penn State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. EM curtis.dell@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0069 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000009 PM 21520742 ER PT J AU Pfluke, PD Jokela, WE Bosworth, SC AF Pfluke, Paul D. Jokela, William E. Bosworth, Sidney C. TI Ammonia Volatilization from Surface-Banded and Broadcast Application of Liquid Dairy Manure on Grass Forage SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID APPLIED CATTLE SLURRY; LAND-SPREAD MANURE; LIVESTOCK MANURE; EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATION; FIELD CONDITIONS; WIND-SPEED; NITROGEN; EMISSIONS; YIELD; DEPOSITION AB Manure can provide valuable nutrients, especially N, for grass forage, but high NH3 volatilization losses from standard surface-broadcast application limits N availability and raises environmental concerns. Eight field trials were conducted to evaluate the emission of NH3 from liquid dairy manure, either surface broadcast or applied in narrow surface bands with a trailing-foot implement. Manure was applied using both techniques at rates of approximately 25 and 50 m(3) ha(-1) on either orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) on a well-drained silt loam or reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) on a somewhat poorly drained clay soil. Ammonia emission was measured with a dynamic chamber/equilibrium concentration technique. High NH3 emission rates in broadcast treatments, especially at the high rate (2 to 13 kg ha(-1) h(-1)), occurred during the first few hours after spreading, followed by a rapid reduction to low levels (<0.5 kg ha(-1) h(-1) in most cases) by 24 h after spreading and in subsequent days. Band treatments often followed the same pattern but with initial rates substantially lower and with a less dramatic decrease over time. Total estimated NH3 losses from broadcast application, as a percent of total ammoniacal N (TAN) applied, averaged 39% (range of 20 to 59%) from the high manure rate and 25% (range of 9 to 52%) from the low rate. Band spreading reduced total NH3 losses by an average of 52 and 29% for the high and low manure rates, respectively. Results show that the trailing-foot band application method can reduce NH3 losses and conserve N for perennial forage production. C1 [Jokela, William E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Pfluke, Paul D.] Green Oaks Creek Farm, Pescadero, CA 94060 USA. [Bosworth, Sidney C.] Univ Vermont, Plant & Soil Sci Dep, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Jokela, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 2615 E 29th St, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM bill.jokela@ars.usda.gov FU USDA through the University of Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station FX We greatly appreciate the technical assistance of John Rankin and Jeff Carter in conducting this research. Financial support was provided, in part, by USDA-Hatch funds through the University of Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station Competitive Hatch Awards Program. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0102 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000011 PM 21520744 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Jokela, WE Misselbrook, TH AF Powell, J. M. Jokela, W. E. Misselbrook, T. H. TI Dairy Slurry Application Method Impacts Ammonia Emission and Nitrate Leaching in No-Till Corn Silage SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID APPLIED CATTLE SLURRY; LAND-SPREAD MANURE; NITROUS-OXIDE; EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATION; SURFACE APPLICATION; METHANE EMISSIONS; LIVESTOCK MANURE; LIQUID MANURE; GAS EMISSIONS; VOLATILIZATION AB Reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions through slurry incorporation or other soil management techniques may increase nitrate (NO3) leaching, so quantifying potential losses from these alternative pathways is essential to improving slurry N management. Slurry N losses, as NH3 or NO3, were evaluated over 4 yr in south-central Wisconsin. Slurry (i.e., dairy cow [Bos taurus] manure from a storage pit) was applied each spring at a single rate (-75 m(3) ha(-1)) in one of three ways: surface broadcast (SURF), surface broadcast followed by partial incorporation using an aerator implement (AER-INC), and injection (INJ). Ammonia emissions were measured during the 120 h following slurry application using chambers, and NO3 leaching was monitored in drainage lysimeters. Yield and N uptake of oat (Avena sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were measured each year, and at trial's end soils were sampled in 15- to 30-cm increments to 90-cm depth. There were significant tradeoffs in slurry N loss among pathways: annual mean NH3-N emission across all treatments was 5.3, 38.3, 12.4, and 21.8 kg ha(-1) and annual mean NO3-N leaching across all treatments was 24.1, 0.9, 16.9, and 7.3 kg ha-1 during Years 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Slurry N loss amounted to 27.1% of applied N from the SURF treatment (20.5% as NH3-N and 6.6% as NO3-N), 23.3% from AER-INC (12.0% as NH3-N and 11.3% as NO3-N), and 9.1% from INJ (4.4% as NH3-N and 4.7% as NO3-N). Although slurry incorporation decreased slurry N loss, the conserved slurry N did not significantly impact crop yield, crop N uptake, or soil properties at trial's end. C1 [Powell, J. M.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jokela, W. E.] USDA ARS, Inst Environm Integrated Dairy Management, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Misselbrook, T. H.] N Wyke Res, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov RI Misselbrook, Tom/N-2385-2014 OI Misselbrook, Tom/0000-0002-4594-3606 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council in the UK FX North Wyke Research is sponsored by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council in the UK. Reference to a trade or company name is for specific information only and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product or company by the USDA to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0082 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000012 PM 21520745 ER PT J AU Pote, DH Way, TR Kleinman, PJA Moore, PA Meisinger, JJ Sistani, KR Saporito, LS Allen, AL Feyereisen, GW AF Pote, D. H. Way, T. R. Kleinman, P. J. A. Moore, P. A., Jr. Meisinger, J. J. Sistani, K. R. Saporito, L. S. Allen, A. L. Feyereisen, G. W. TI Subsurface Application of Poultry Litter in Pasture and No-Till Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL GRASSLAND SOILS; RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; TALL FESCUE PASTURE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; INORGANIC FERTILIZER; SURFACE APPLICATION; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS; MANURE AB Poultry litter provides a rich nutrient source for crops, but the usual practice of surface-applying litter can degrade water quality by allowing nutrients to be transported from fields in surface runoff while much of the ammonia (NH(3))-N escapes into the atmosphere. Our goal was to improve on conventional litter application methods to decrease associated nutrient losses to air and water while increasing soil productivity. We developed and tested a knifing technique to directly apply dry poultry litter beneath the surface of pastures. Results showed that subsurface litter application decreased NH(3)-N volatilization and nutrient losses in runoff more than 90% (compared with surface-applied litter) to levels statistically as low as those from control (no litter) plots. Given this success, two advanced tractor-drawn prototypes were developed to subsurface apply poultry litter in field research. The two prototypes have been tested in pasture and no-till experiments and are both effective in improving nutrient-use efficiency compared with surface-applied litter, increasing crop yields (possibly by retaining more nitrogen in the soil), and decreasing nutrient losses, often to near background (control plot) levels. A paired-watershed study showed that cumulative phosphorus losses in runoff from continuously grazed perennial pastures were decreased by 55% over a 3-yr period if the annual poultry litter applications were subsurface applied rather than surface broadcast. Results highlight opportunities and challenges for commercial adoption of subsurface poultry litter application in pasture and no-till systems. C1 [Pote, D. H.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Way, T. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Kleinman, P. J. A.; Saporito, L. S.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Meisinger, J. J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. [Allen, A. L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dep Agr Food & Resource Sci, Princess Anne, MD USA. [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pote, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. EM dan.pote@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 402 EP 411 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0352 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000014 PM 21520747 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Way, TR Torbert, HA AF Watts, D. B. Way, T. R. Torbert, H. A. TI Subsurface Application of Poultry Litter and Its Influence on Nutrient Losses in Runoff Water from Permanent Pastures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; SURFACE RUNOFF; MANURE; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; SOILS; RAINFALL; COMPOST; QUALITY AB Environmental pressure to reduce nutrient losses from agricultural fields has increased in recent years. To abate this nutrient loss to the environment, better management practices and new technologies need to be developed. Thus, research was conducted to evaluate if subsurface banding poultry litter (PL) would reduce nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss in surface water runoff using a four-row prototype implement. Rainfall simulations were conducted to create a 40-min runoff event in an established bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) pasture on soil types common to the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions. The Coastal Plain soil type was a Marvyn loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) and the Piedmont soil type was a Hard Labor loamy sand (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Oxyaquic Kanhapludults). Treatments consisted of surface-and subsurface-applied PL at a rate of 9 Mg ha(-1), surface broadcast-applied commercial fertilizer (CF; urea and triple superphosphate blend) at the equivalent N (330 kg N ha(-1)) and P (315 kg N ha(-1)) content of PL, and a nonfertilized control. The greatest loss for inorganic N, total N, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P occurred with the surface broadcast treatments, with CF contributing to the greatest loss. Nutrient losses from the subsurface banded treatment reduced N and P in surface water runoff to levels of the control. Subsurface banding of PL reduced concentrations of inorganic N 91%, total N 90%, DRP 86%, and total P 86% in runoff water compared with surface broadcasted PL. These results show that subsurface band-applied PL can greatly reduce the impact of N and P loss to the environment compared with conventional surface-applied PL and CF practices. C1 [Watts, D. B.; Way, T. R.; Torbert, H. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Dexter.Watts@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 421 EP 430 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0089 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000016 PM 21520749 ER PT J AU Brandt, RC Elliott, HA Adviento-Borbe, MAA Wheeler, EF Kleinman, PJA Beegle, DB AF Brandt, R. C. Elliott, H. A. Adviento-Borbe, M. A. A. Wheeler, E. F. Kleinman, P. J. A. Beegle, D. B. TI Field Olfactometry Assessment of Dairy Manure Land Application Methods SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ODOR; INJECTION; EMISSION; SLURRY AB Surface application of manure in reduced tillage systems generates nuisance odors, but their management is hindered by a lack of standardized field quantification methods. An investigation was undertaken to evaluate odor emissions associated with various technologies that incorporate manure with minimal soil disturbance. Dairy manure slurry was applied by five methods in a 3.5-m swath to grassland in 61-m-inside-diameter rings. Nasal Ranger Field Olfactometer (NRO) instruments were used to collect dilutions-to-threshold (D/T) observations from the center of each ring using a panel of four odor assessors taking four readings each over a 10-min period. The Best Estimate Threshold D/T (BET 10) was calculated for each application method and an untreated control based on preapplication and <1 h, 2 to 4 h, and similar to 24 h after spreading. Whole-air samples were simultaneously collected for laboratory dynamic olfactometer evaluation using the triangular forced-choice (TFC) method. The BET(10) of NRO data composited for all measurement times showed D/T decreased in the following order (alpha = 0.05): surface broadcast > aeration infiltration > surface + chisel incorporation > direct ground injection similar to shallow disk injection > control, which closely followed laboratory TFC odor panel results (r = 0.83). At 24 h, odor reduction benefits relative to broadcasting persisted for all methods except aeration infiltration, and odors associated with direct ground injection were not different from the untreated control. Shallow disk injection provided substantial odor reduction with familiar toolbar equipment that is well adapted to regional soil conditions and conservation tillage operations. C1 [Brandt, R. C.; Elliott, H. A.; Wheeler, E. F.] Penn State Univ, Dep Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Adviento-Borbe, M. A. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kleinman, P. J. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, D. B.] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Brandt, RC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dep Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rcb100@psu.edu FU USDA; Pennsylvania Department of Agricultural Research FX This study was funded by the USDA Special Research Grant for Improving Dairy Management Practices, the USDA Conservation Innovation Grant, and the Pennsylvania Department of Agricultural Research Grants. Special thanks are extended to Bob Oberheim, Scott Harkcom, Justin Dillon, and Pat and Deb Topper at Penn State University, whose tireless efforts made this study possible. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0094 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000017 PM 21520750 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Kleinman, PJA Dell, CJ Veith, TL Beegle, DB AF Rotz, C. A. Kleinman, P. J. A. Dell, C. J. Veith, T. L. Beegle, D. B. TI Environmental and Economic Comparisons of Manure Application Methods in Farming Systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA EMISSIONS; LIQUID MANURE; MANAGEMENT; DAIRY; SIMULATION; SLURRY; SOILS AB Alternative methods for applying livestock manure to no-till soils involve environmental and economic trade-offs. A process-level farm simulation model (Integrated Farm System Model) was used to evaluate methods for applying liquid dairy (Bos taurus L.) and swine (Sus scrofa L.) manure, including no application, broadcast spreading with and without incorporation by tillage, band application with soil aeration, and shallow disk injection. The model predicted ammonia emissions, nitrate leaching, and phosphorus (P) runoff losses similar to those measured over 4 yr of field trials. Each application method was simulated over 25 yr of weather on three Pennsylvania farms. On a swine and cow-calf beef operation under grass production, shallow disk injection increased profit by $340 yr(-1) while reducing ammonia nitrogen and soluble P losses by 48 and 70%, respectively. On a corn (Zea mays L.)-and-grass-based grazing dairy farm, shallow disk injection reduced ammonia loss by 21% and soluble P loss by 76% with little impact on farm profit. Incorporation by tillage and band application with aeration provided less environmental benefit with a net decrease in farm profit. On a large corn-and-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-based dairy farm where manure nutrients were available in excess of crop needs, incorporation methods were not economically beneficial, but they provided environmental benefits with relatively low annual net costs ($13 to $18 cow(-1)). In all farming systems, shallow disk injection provided the greatest environmental benefit at the least cost or greatest profit for the producer. With these results, producers are better informed when selecting manure application equipment. C1 [Rotz, C. A.; Kleinman, P. J. A.; Dell, C. J.; Veith, T. L.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, D. B.] Penn State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 438 EP 448 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0063 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000018 PM 21520751 ER PT J AU Davis, JH Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ AF Davis, Jennifer H. Griffith, Stephen M. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. TI Surface Water and Groundwater Nitrogen Dynamics in a Well Drained Riparian Forest within a Poorly Drained Agricultural Landscape SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NITRATE REMOVAL; FLOODPLAIN HYDROLOGY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; TRANSIENT STORAGE; ADJACENT CROPLAND; WILLAMETTE RIVER; HYPORHEIC FLOW; BUFFER ZONES AB The effectiveness of riparian zones in mitigating nutrients in ground and surface water depends on the climate, management, and hydrogeomorphology of a site. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a well drained, mixed-deciduous riparian forest to buff er a river from N originating from a poorly drained grass seed cropping system. The study site was adjacent to the Calapooia River in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Water was found to move from the rapid drainage of swale surface water. During winter hydrological events, the riparian forest also received river water. Low nitrate (NO(3)(-)) concentrations (0.2-0.4 mg NO(3)(-)-N L(-1)) in the shallow groundwater of the cropping system were associated with low rates of mineralization and nitrification (33 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and high grass seed crop uptake of N (155 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). The riparian forest soil had higher rates of mineralization (117 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) that produced quantities of soil N that were within the range of literature values for plant uptake, leading to relatively low concentrations of shallow groundwater NO(3)-(0.6-1.8 mg NO(3)(-)-N L(-1)). The swale that dissected the cropping system and riparian area was found to have the highest rates of denitrification and to contribute dissolved organic C to the river. Given the dynamic nature of the hydrology of the Calapooia River study site, data suggest that the riparian forest plays a role not only in reducing export of NO(3)-from the cropping system to the river but also in processing nutrients from river water. C1 [Davis, Jennifer H.; Griffith, Stephen M.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wigington, Parker J., Jr.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Steve.Griffith@ars.usda.gov FU USEPA [DW12936582]; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This paper is a joint contribution from the USEPA and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. This research was funded by the USEPA under interagency agreement DW12936582 and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. It has been subjected to agency review and has been approved for publication. We thank Paul Mayer and Robert Ozretich for review comments of a preliminary draft of this journal article. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication (or page) is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 505 EP 516 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0310 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000025 PM 21520758 ER PT J AU Wu, SH Goyne, KW Lerch, RN Lin, CH AF Wu, Si Hyun Goyne, Keith W. Lerch, Robert N. Lin, Chung-Ho TI Adsorption of Isoxaflutole Degradates to Aluminum and Iron Hydrous Oxides SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; DIKETONITRILE METABOLITE; HERBICIDE ISOXAFLUTOLE; SORPTION-DESORPTION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CLAY-MINERALS; WATER; TRANSPORT; BALANCE AB Isoxaflutole is a preemergence herbicide that has been marketed as a substitute for atrazine. It is rapidly transformed to a more stable and soluble diketonitrile degradate (DKN) after field application and can further degrade to a benzoic acid degradate (BA) within soil. However, no previous research has been conducted to investigate DKN and BA sorption to metal oxide minerals. The primary objective of this research was to elucidate the interactions of DKN and BA with synthetic hydrous aluminum and iron oxides (HAO and HFO, respectively) to understand how variably charged minerals may influence adsorption of these compounds in soil. The herbicide degradates did adsorb to HAO and HFO, and the data were well described by the Freundlich model (R(2) > 0.91), with N values ranging from 0.89 to 1.2. Adsorption isotherms and K(d) values demonstrate that BA is adsorbed to HFO to a greater extent than other degradate-mineral combinations that were studied. The degree of hysteresis between adsorption/desorption isotherms was characterized as slight (hysteresis index values < 1.7), suggesting weak DKN and BA retention to HFO and HAO oxide surfaces. Degradate adsorption was observed to greatly diminish as suspension pH increased. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra show no evidence that DKN or BA adsorb to mineral surfaces as inner-sphere complexes under hydrated conditions. Instead, DKN and BA adsorb to positively charged metal oxide surfaces as outer-sphere or diffuse ion swarm complexes via electrostatic attraction. This research indicates that metal oxides may serve as important retardants for DKN and BA migration through acidic soils enriched with aluminum and iron oxides. C1 [Wu, Si Hyun; Goyne, Keith W.] Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lerch, Robert N.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lin, Chung-Ho] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Goyne, KW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM goynek@missouri.edu FU Missouri Water Resources Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey; USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit; University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry; Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported in part by the Missouri Water Resources Research Center and the U.S. Geological Survey, the USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry, and the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank Drs. John Yang and Robert Kremer for assistance and access to their research facilities. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Missouri. Mention of specific companies, products, or trade names is made only to provide information to the reader and does not constitute endorsement by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 528 EP 537 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0338 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000027 PM 21520760 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT AF Kroeger, Robert Moore, Matthew T. TI Chemical Residence Time and Hydrological Conditions Influence Treatment of Fipronil in Vegetated Aquatic Mesocosms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE DITCH; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AMPHIASCUS-TENUIREMIS; INSECTICIDE FIPRONIL; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; WASTE-WATER; TOXICITY; PLANTS; DEGRADATION; VARIABILITY AB Fipronil, a phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, is often used in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production agriculture, with elevated runoff concentrations and loads having potential toxicological effects on downstream aquatic environments. This study evaluated two species of aquatic plants-broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.) and powdery alligator-flag (Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe)-placed in series against a nonvegetated mesocosm in reducing concentrations and loads of fipronil, and associated metabolites. Vegetation type and hydrological condition (inundated vs. dry) were treatment effects used for comparison. The vegetated mesocosms significantly reduced higher loads and concentrations of fipronil, fipronil sulfone, and sulfide in both inundated and dry hydrological conditions over nonvegetated mesocosms. Under inundation conditions, vegetated mesocosms reduced >50% of influent fipronil concentrations and between 60 and 70% of fipronil loads, which was significantly higher than the dry conditions (10-32% concentration and load). These results show that agricultural management strategies using ephemeral aquatic zones, such as drainage ditches, can be optimized to couple chemical applications with vegetation presence and hydrology to facilitate the reduction in chemical waste loads entering downstream aquatic ecosystems. Such reduction is critical for use with fipronil, where negative impacts have been demonstrated with several nontarget species. C1 [Kroeger, Robert] Dep Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Dep Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0173 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000030 PM 21520763 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Shankle, MW Tewolde, H Brooks, JP Sistani, KR McLaughlin, MR Rowe, DE AF Adeli, A. Shankle, M. W. Tewolde, H. Brooks, J. P. Sistani, K. R. McLaughlin, M. R. Rowe, D. E. TI Effect of Surface Incorporation of Broiler Litter Applied to No-Till Cotton on Runoff Quality SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID APPLIED POULTRY LITTER; MANURE APPLICATION; SEDIMENT LOSSES; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; NUTRIENT SOURCE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; UPLAND SOIL; PCR ASSAY AB Surface application of broiler litter to no-till cotton could lead to degradation of water quality. Incorporation of broiler litter into the top surface soil (0.05 m) could alleviate this risk. A 2-yr field study was conducted on a silt loam upland soil to determine the effect of incorporation of broiler litter into the soil surface on nutrient and bacterial transport in runoff. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four treatments and three replications. Treatments were (i) unfertilized control; (ii) surface-applied broiler litter at 7.8 Mg ha(-1) without incorporation; (iii) surface-applied broiler litter at 7.8 Mg ha(-1) with immediate incorporation; and (iv) inorganic fertilizer N (urea ammonium nitrate, 32% N) and inorganic fertilizer P (triple superphosphate) at the recommended rate. Phosphorus was surface applied at 25 kg ha-1 and N was injected at 101 kg ha-1 into the soil using a commercial liquid fertilizer applicator. Runoff was collected from small runoff plots (2.4 m by 1.6 m) established at the bottom side of main plots (13.7 m by 6.0 m). Incorporation of broiler litter reduced total N (TN), NO(3)-N, water soluble P (WSP), and total P (TP) concentrations in runoff by 35, 25, 61, and 64%, respectively, and litter-associated bacteria by two to three orders of magnitude compared with unincorporated treatment. No significant difference in total suspended solids (TSS) in runoff was obtained between incorporated and unincorporated treatments. Incorporation of broiler litter into the surface soil in the no-till system immediately after application minimized the potential risk for surface nutrient losses and bacteria transport in runoff. C1 [Adeli, A.; Tewolde, H.; Brooks, J. P.; McLaughlin, M. R.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Shankle, M. W.; Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ardeshir.adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0175 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000031 PM 21520764 ER PT J AU Ducey, TF Shriner, AD Hunt, PG AF Ducey, Thomas F. Shriner, Anthony D. Hunt, Patrick G. TI Nitrification and Denitrification Gene Abundances in Swine Wastewater Anaerobic Lagoons SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; NOSZ GENES; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; PCR PRIMERS; AMMONIA; COMMUNITY AB Although anaerobic lagoons are used globally for livestock waste treatment, their detailed microbial cycling of N is only beginning to become understood. Within this cycling, nitrification can be performed by organisms that produce the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase. For denitrification, the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide can be catalyzed by two forms of nitrite reductases, and N2O can be reduced by nitrous oxide reductase encoded by the gene nosZ. The objectives of this investigation were to (i) quantify the abundance of the amoA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes; (ii) evaluate the influence of environmental conditions on their abundances; and (iii) evaluate their abundance relative to denitrification enzyme activity (DEA). Samples were analyzed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and collected from eight typical, commercial anaerobic, swine wastewater lagoons located in the Carolinas. The four genes assayed in this study were present in all eight lagoons. Their abundances relative to total bacterial populations were 0.04% (amoA), 1.33% (nirS), 5.29% (nirK), and 0.27% (nosZ). When compared with lagoon chemical characteristics, amoA and nirK correlated with several measured variables. Neither nirS nor nosZ correlated with any measured environmental variables. Although no gene measured in this study correlated with actual or potential DEA, nosZ copy numbers did correlate with the disparity between actual and potential DEA. Phylogenetic analysis of nosZ did not reveal any correlations to DEA rates. As with other investigations, analyses of these genes provide useful insight while revealing the underlying greater complexity of N cycling within swine waste lagoons. C1 [Ducey, Thomas F.; Shriner, Anthony D.; Hunt, Patrick G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ducey, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM thomas.ducey@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 68 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 610 EP 619 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0387 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000035 PM 21520768 ER PT J AU Zagrai, I Ravelonandro, M Gaboreanu, I Ferencz, B Scorza, R Zagrai, L Kelemen, B Pamfil, D Popescu, O AF Zagrai, I. Ravelonandro, M. Gaboreanu, I. Ferencz, B. Scorza, R. Zagrai, L. Kelemen, B. Pamfil, D. Popescu, O. TI TRANSGENIC PLUMS EXPRESSING PLUM POX VIRUS COAT PROTEIN GENE DO NOT ASSIST THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRUS RECOMBINANTS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pathogen derived resistance; GMO; CP gene; safety issue; recombinant viruses ID PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RESISTANCE; PPV; SAFETY; PLANTS; SIRNA; ASSAY; PCR AB The serological and genetic variability of Plum pox virus (PPV) isolates from transgenic plum trees expressing the PPV coat protein gene and conventional plums was analyzed. PPV isolates were characterized serologically by TAS-ELISA using PPV-D and PPV-M specific monoclonal antibodies and by molecular typing across three genomic regions as well as RFLP analysis of the 3' terminus of the CP gene. PCR products spanning the (Cter)CP and (Cter)NIb-(Nter)CP regions were sequenced. Sequence information revealed no significant difference between serological and molecular features of PPV isolates from transgenic and conventional plums that were growing together in experimental orchards for 6-8 years. These results show that transgenic plums do not promote the emergence of new PPV variants under field conditions. C1 [Zagrai, I.; Zagrai, L.] Fruit Res & Dev Stn Bistrita, Bistrita 420127, Romania. [Ravelonandro, M.] INRA, UMR Genom 1090, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Gaboreanu, I.; Pamfil, D.] Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Ferencz, B.; Kelemen, B.; Popescu, O.] Inst Interdisciplinary Res Nanobiosci, Ctr Mol Biol, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Scorza, R.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Zagrai, I (reprint author), Fruit Res & Dev Stn Bistrita, Drumul Dumitrei Nou 3, Bistrita 420127, Romania. EM izagrai@yahoo.com RI Kelemen, Beatrice Simona/C-5385-2012 OI Kelemen, Beatrice Simona/0000-0002-2989-2941 FU EU [QLK3- CT-2002-02140]; Romanian Research Ministry [37/2003] FX This work was supported mainly by EU contract "TRANSVIR" QLK3- CT-2002-02140 and also by the Romanian Research Ministry, contract 37/2003. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 93 IS 1 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 741BG UT WOS:000288837500019 ER PT J AU Sagaram, M Lombardini, L Grauke, LJ AF Sagaram, Madhulika Lombardini, Leonardo Grauke, L. J. TI Variation in Anatomical Characteristics in Leaves of Pecan Seedstocks from Mexico and the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon isotopic discrimination; Carya illinoinensis; ecogeographical traits; stomatal density; stomatal index ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; PONDEROSA PINE TREES; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL FREQUENCY; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; PROVENANCE VARIATION; NEEDLE MORPHOLOGY; SURFACE-FEATURES; LEAF AB Leaf anatomical traits of Mexican and U.S. pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] seedstocks grown in a single location were studied to determine patterns of ecogeographic variation within the natural range. Stomatal density was uniform among open-pollinated seedlings of a common maternal parent with twofold differences in stomatal density separating some seedstocks. There was an inverse relationship between stomatal density and epidermal cell density. Stomatal density and stomatal index of Mexican seedstocks were related to longitude and annual precipitation of origin. Stomatal density increased along the longitudinal gradient toward the east coast of Mexico; seedstocks originating from areas on the east coast of Mexico had greater stomatal density than seedstocks originating from the drier areas on the west coast. Stomatal density and stomatal index did not follow a pattern along latitude or longitude in the U.S. seedstocks. Although isotopic carbon ((13)C) discrimination did not vary greatly in Mexican seedstocks, the reduction in stomatal density in pecan trees from areas with reduced annual precipitation suggest the presence of an anatomical feature to reduce water losses. C1 [Sagaram, Madhulika; Lombardini, Leonardo] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Grauke, L. J.] ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, USDA, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. RP Lombardini, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM l-lombardini@tamu.edu FU Specific Cooperative Agreement (SCA) [58-6202-6-095]; USDA-ARS Southern Plains Area; Texas Agricultural Experiment Station FX This project was funded in part by a Specific Cooperative Agreement (SCA 58-6202-6-095) between USDA-ARS Southern Plains Area and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 136 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 743PL UT WOS:000289030800003 ER PT J AU Kisha, TJ Cramer, CS AF Kisha, Theodore J. Cramer, Christopher S. TI Determining Redundancy of Short-day Onion Accessions in a Germplasm Collection Using Microsatellite and Targeted Region Amplified Polymorphic Markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diversity; genetic resource management; STRUCTURE ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CORE COLLECTIONS; AFLP; INFERENCE; FREQUENCIES; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; PROGRAM AB The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System is one of the world's largest national genebank networks focusing on preserving the genetic diversity of plants by acquiring, preserving, evaluating, documenting, and distributing crop-related germplasm to researchers worldwide. Maintaining viable germplasm collections is essential to world food security but comes at a cost. Redundancy within the collection can incur needless expense and occurs as a result of donations of similar material under different names from different donors. Alternatively, similarly named accessions from different donors can actually be genetically distinct. We evaluated 35 short-day onion (Allium cepa) accessions using microsatellite and targeted region amplified polymorphic (TRAP) molecular markers to compare newly acquired germplasm with existing accessions in the collection to determine differences and redundancies and to compare the use of each marker type in distinguishing the onion accessions. Both marker types distinguished differences and found similarities, but the results did not always agree. TRAP markers found one of the Italian Torpedo entries to be different, whereas the 10 microsatellite loci analyzed found no differences. In contrast, microsatellite analysis found all three Red Grano entries to be different, whereas TRAP analysis distinguished only one accession. The eight White Grano entries were separated into four groups by microsatellite markers and five groups by the TRAP markers. Discriminating among closely related accessions using molecular markers can require a large number of random marker loci, especially when differences may be limited to a single trait. TRAP markers were more efficient, uncovering approximate to 10 random polymorphic loci per primer pair, whereas microsatellite markers each uncovered differences at a single locus. C1 [Kisha, Theodore J.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cramer, Christopher S.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Kisha, TJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tkisha@wsu.edu FU National Plant Germplasm System, ARS, USDA FX This research was funded through a germplasm evaluation grant from the National Plant Germplasm System, ARS, USDA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 136 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 743PL UT WOS:000289030800006 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Lovell, G Neill, JD Hairgrove, TB Velayudhan, B Mock, R AF Ridpath, Julia F. Lovell, Gayla Neill, John D. Hairgrove, Thomas B. Velayudhan, Binu Mock, Richard TI Change in predominance of Bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotypes among samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory over a 20-year time span SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus; phylogenetic analysis; predominance shift; subgenotypes ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CATTLE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; BEEF HERDS; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; BVDV; 1B AB Although the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea was initially categorized as 1 species, phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses belong to 2 different species, Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) and BVDV-2, with 2-11 subgenotypes within each species. Distribution of species and subgenotypes has been shown to vary with geographic region. Whether distribution shifts over time is not known. Surveys conducted between 1994 and 2008 reported 3 subgenotypes circulating among cattle in the United States: BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a. The average percent prevalence of BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a strains reported in surveys before 2001 were 21%, 43%, and 36%, respectively. Surveys conducted on viruses isolated after 2001 reported decreasing percentages of BVDV-1a and BVDV-2a strains, with BVDV-1b strains accounting for 75-100% of samples. Comparison of these surveys is confounded by differences in geographic location, collection methods, and sample type used in the survey. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the prevalence of BVDV subgenotypes shifted in samples collected from the same geographic region and by the same laboratory over time. BVDV strains isolated in years 1988, 1998, and 2008, at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Amarillo, Texas, were genotyped, and the prevalence of BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a strains were determined. Typing, on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, was done on 148 samples. The strongest trend detected among these samples was a pronounced decrease in the number of BVDV-1a strains over time. C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Lovell, Gayla; Velayudhan, Binu] Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, Amarillo, TX USA. [Hairgrove, Thomas B.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, College Stn, TX USA. [Mock, Richard] N Carolina Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 23 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 741BO UT WOS:000288838300001 PM 21398436 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Payeur, JB Bolin, CA AF Palmer, Mitchell V. Whipple, Diana L. Payeur, Janet B. Bolin, Carole A. TI Use of the intradermal tuberculin test in a herd of captive elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cervids; mycobacteria; tuberculin; tuberculosis ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; RED DEER; CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS; CERVIDS AB In the United States, tuberculosis of captive cervids, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, attracted attention in 1991 when investigations, prompted by the identification of a tuberculous elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of U.S. origin exported to Canada, revealed tuberculosis in 10 different elk herds in 8 different states. Based on methods used in cattle, official regulations pertaining to testing and eradication of tuberculosis in captive cervids were added to the U.S. Department of Agriculture bovine tuberculosis eradication effort in 1994. However, little published information exists on the accuracy of intradermal tuberculin testing in naturally infected cervids. Evaluation of a captive herd of 71 animals in Wisconsin included postmortem examination and tissue sample collection from both tuberculin test responders and nonresponders. Within this captive herd, of admittedly small size, results showed the single cervical test to have a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 69%. Evaluation of diagnostic tests in the species of interest is important, as extrapolation of data obtained from other species may not be appropriate. C1 [Palmer, Mitchell V.; Whipple, Diana L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Payeur, Janet B.] Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Vet Serv, Ames, IA USA. [Bolin, Carole A.] Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mitchell.palmer@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 23 IS 2 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 741BO UT WOS:000288838300030 PM 21398465 ER PT J AU Schwilch, G Bestelmeyer, B Bunning, S Critchley, W Herrick, J Kellner, K Liniger, HP Nachtergaele, F Ritsema, CJ Schuster, B Tabo, R van Lynden, G Winslow, M AF Schwilch, G. Bestelmeyer, B. Bunning, S. Critchley, W. Herrick, J. Kellner, K. Liniger, H. P. Nachtergaele, F. Ritsema, C. J. Schuster, B. Tabo, R. van Lynden, G. Winslow, M. TI EXPERIENCES IN MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE sustainable land management; desertification; monitoring; impact assessment; methodological framework; multiple scales; participatory approaches ID DEGRADATION; DESERTIFICATION; SYSTEM; PARTICIPATION; DRYLANDS AB Although sustainable land management (SLM) is widely promoted to prevent and mitigate land degradation and desertification, its monitoring and assessment (M&A) has received much less attention. This paper compiles methodological approaches which to date have been little reported in the literature. It draws lessons from these experiences and identifies common elements and future pathways as a basis for a global approach. The paper starts with local level methods where the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) framework catalogues SLM case studies. This tool has been included in the local level assessment of Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) and in the EU-DESIRE project. Complementary site-based approaches can enhance an ecological process-based understanding of SLM variation. At national and sub-national levels, a joint WOCAT/LADA/DESIRE spatial assessment based on land use systems identifies the status and trends of degradation and SLM, including causes, drivers and impacts on ecosystem services. Expert consultation is combined with scientific evidence and enhanced where necessary with secondary data and indicator databases. At the global level, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) knowledge from the land (KM: Land) initiative uses indicators to demonstrate impacts of SLM investments. Key lessons learnt include the need for a multi-scale approach, making use of common indicators and a variety of information sources, including scientific data and local knowledge through participatory methods. Methodological consistencies allow cross-scale analyses, and findings are analysed and documented for use by decision-makers at various levels. Effective M&A of SLM [e. g. for United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)] requires a comprehensive methodological framework agreed by the major players. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schwilch, G.; Liniger, H. P.] Univ Bern, Ctr Dev & Environm CDE, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Bestelmeyer, B.; Herrick, J.] ARS Jornada Expt Range, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88002 USA. [Bunning, S.; Nachtergaele, F.] FAO Land & Water Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Critchley, W.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Ctr Int Cooperat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kellner, K.] North West Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, Mmabatho, South Africa. [Ritsema, C. J.] Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ritsema, C. J.] Wageningen Univ, Land Degradat & Dev Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Schuster, B.] United Nations Univ, Inst Water Environm & Hlth, Bonn, Germany. [Tabo, R.] FARA, Accra, Ghana. [van Lynden, G.] WUR, ISRIC World Soil Informat, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands. [Winslow, M.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Schwilch, G (reprint author), Univ Bern, Ctr Dev & Environm CDE, Hallerstr 10, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM gudrun.schwilch@cde.unibe.ch NR 50 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1085-3278 J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 SI SI BP 214 EP 225 DI 10.1002/ldr.1040 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 743FR UT WOS:000289003600006 ER PT J AU Lindner, DL Gargas, A Lorch, JM Banik, MT Glaeser, J Kunz, TH Blehert, DS AF Lindner, Daniel L. Gargas, Andrea Lorch, Jeffrey M. Banik, Mark T. Glaeser, Jessie Kunz, Thomas H. Blehert, David S. TI DNA-based detection of the fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans in soils from bat hibernacula SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE disease surveillance; environmental sampling; skin infection; wildlife disease ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; RDNA AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease causing unprecedented morbidity and mortality among bats in eastern North America. The disease is characterized by cutaneous infection of hibernating bats by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans. Detection of G. destructans in environments occupied by bats will be critical for WNS surveillance, management and characterization of the fungal lifecycle. We initiated an rRNA gene region-based molecular survey to characterize the distribution of G. destructans in soil samples collected from bat hibernacula in the eastern United States with an existing PCR test. Although this test did not specifically detect G. destructans in soil samples based on a presence/absence metric, it did favor amplification of DNA from putative Geomyces species. Cloning and sequencing of PCR products amplified from 24 soil samples revealed 74 unique sequence variants representing 12 clades. Clones with exact sequence matches to G. destructans were identified in three of 19 soil samples from hibernacula in states where INNS is known to occur. Geomyces destructans was not identified in an additional five samples collected outside the region where WNS has been documented. This study highlights the diversity of putative Geomyces spp. in soil from bat hibernacula and indicates that further research is needed to better define the taxonomy of this genus and to develop enhanced diagnostic tests for rapid and specific detection of G. destructans in environmental samples. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.; Banik, Mark T.; Glaeser, Jessie] Ctr Forest Mycol Res, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gargas, Andrea] Symbiology LLC, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov RI Gargas, Andrea/T-1028-2016; OI Gargas, Andrea/0000-0002-6586-047X; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU National Speleological Society; US Fish and Wildlife Service [501819H057] FX The authors thank Peter Youngbaer (NSS), Mike Warner (Speleobooks Inc.) and Alan Hicks (NY DEC) for their assistance in coordinating collection of samples and the many individuals who volunteered to collect samples for this project. We thank Kyah Norton (CFMR) for her assistance with PCR, cloning and sequencing of DNA and are indebted to Paul Cryan (USGS-FORT) for helpful suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript and for his assistance in creating FIG. 1. We also thank Le Ann White (USGS-NWHC) and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. Financial support for this project was provided to DSB and THK by the National Speleological Society and to DSB by US Fish and Wildlife Service intergovernmental agreement 501819H057. Use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 25 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.3852/10-262 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 741TK UT WOS:000288887400001 PM 20952799 ER PT J AU Abad, ZG Ivors, KL Gallup, CA Abad, JA Shew, HD AF Abad, Z. Gloria Ivors, Kelly L. Gallup, Courtney A. Abad, Jorge A. Shew, H. David TI Morphological and molecular characterization of Phytophthora glovera sp nov from tobacco in Brazil SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Amarelao; beta-tubulin; ITS; morphology; Oomycetes; Straminipiles; taxonomy; translation elongation factor 1-alpha ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES; TROPICALIS; PATHOGEN; CAPSICI; HOSTS; WATER; SOIL AB A root rot disease of cultivated tobacco called yellow stunt has been observed in the burley tobacco production areas of Brazil since the early 1990s. Root infecting fungi and straminipiles were isolated from the roots of diseased tobacco plants, including a semi-papillate, homothallic, slow growing Phytophthora species. Pathogenicity trials confirmed that Phytophthora sp. caused root rot and stunting of burley and flue-cured tobaccos. Morphological characteristics of the asexual and sexual stages of this organism did not match any reported Phytophthora species and were very different from the widely known tobacco black shank pathogen P. nicotianae. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, beta-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha regions indicated that this organism represents a previously unreported Phytophthora species that is significantly supported in clack 2 and most closely related to P. capsici. However P. glovera differs from P. capsici in a number of morphological characters, most significantly P. glovera is homothallic and produces both paragynous and amphigynous antheridia while P. capsici is heterothallic and produces only amphigynous antheridia. In this paper we confirmed pathogenicity of this species on tobacco and describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of Phytophthora glovera sp. nov. C1 [Gallup, Courtney A.; Shew, H. David] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Abad, Z. Gloria] USDA APHIS PPQ PHP RIPPS, USDA, Mol Diagnost Lab MDL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ivors, Kelly L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr MHCREC, Mills River, NC 28759 USA. [Abad, Jorge A.] USDA APHIS PPQ PHP PSPI, USDA, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program PGQP, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shew, HD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Campus Box 7903, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM david_shew@ncsu.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.3852/09-157 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 741TK UT WOS:000288887400011 PM 21193600 ER PT J AU Mejia, LC Rossman, AY Castlebury, LA White, JF AF Mejia, Luis C. Rossman, Amy Y. Castlebury, Lisa A. White, James F., Jr. TI New species, phylogeny, host-associations and geographic distribution of genus Cryptosporella (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Argentina; Ascomycetes; Betulaceae; Panama; systematics ID ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI; DNA-SEQUENCES; WINTERELLA; EVOLUTION; LEAVES; TWIGS AB The phylogeny of Cryptosporella is revised to include recently discovered species. Eight species new to science are described and two new combinations are proposed, raising the total number of species accepted in Cryptosporella to 19. The species delimitation and phylogeny for Cryptosporella are determined based on analyses of DNA sequences from three genes (beta-tubulin, ITS and tef1-alpha), comparative morphology of sexual structures on their host substrate, and host associations. The inferred phylogeny suggests that Cryptosporella has speciated primarily on Betulaceae with 16 species occurring on hosts in that plant family. The host range of most species seems to be narrow with nine species reported from a single host species or subspecies and seven species occurring on plants within a single host genus. A key to species is provided. The known distribution of Cryptosporella is expanded to mountain cloud forests of the provinces of Chiriqui in Panama and Tucuman in Argentina. C1 [Mejia, Luis C.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mejia, Luis C.; White, James F., Jr.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Mejia, LC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Room 304,BO11A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM MejiaLC@si.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF 03-28364]; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Neyra Fund; Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Graduate School Travel Award; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Mycological Society of America FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (NSF 03-28364). Additional financial support for field work by LCM was received through Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, from the Neyra Fund, the Spencer Davis Research Award from the Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, a Special Study Support Award, and a Graduate School Travel Award as well as a Short-Term Research Fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Myron Backus Award from the Mycological Society of America. The herbaria that loaned specimens are gratefully acknowledged, specifically the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew (K), the New York State Museum in Albany (NYS) and the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm (S). Christian Feuillet kindly provided translations of the diagnoses into Latin. Tunesha Phipps and Sasha Allen are acknowledged for their technical expertise in the molecular laboratory. LCM sincerely appreciates the following people for hosting visits for collecting and facilitating the shipment of specimens: Michael Giraurd, Adriana Hladki, Tina Hoffman, Christian Lechat, Christophe Lecuru and Ralph Mangelsdorff. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 379 EP 399 DI 10.3852/10-134 PG 21 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 741TK UT WOS:000288887400014 PM 21415292 ER PT J AU Ma, JA Wang, Y O'Neill, NR Zhang, XG AF Ma, Jian Wang, Yong O'Neill, Nichole R. Zhang, Xiu-Guo TI A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the description of a new species SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE conidial fungi; hyphomycetes; taxonomy AB Lomaantha phragmitis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead culms of Phragmites communis in southern China. The fungus differs from other described Lomaantha species in its conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidial appendages. Conidial morphology and presence or absence of percurrent proliferation of conidiogenous cells are the main characters distinguishing species within this genus. We provided a key and synoptic table of morphological characters of all three Lomaantha species. C1 [Ma, Jian; Wang, Yong; Zhang, Xiu-Guo] Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. [O'Neill, Nichole R.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM zhxg@sdau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30499340, 30770015]; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2006FY120100, 2006FY110500-5] FX We thank Dr Cary J. Samuels for correcting and improving the English. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30499340, 30770015) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY120100, 2006FY110500-5). NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 2 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.3852/10-176 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 741TK UT WOS:000288887400016 PM 20943523 ER PT J AU Tozzi, EJ Scott, CT Vahey, D Klingenberg, DJ AF Tozzi, E. J. Scott, C. T. Vahey, D. Klingenberg, D. J. TI Settling dynamics of asymmetric rigid fibers SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION; STOKES RESISTANCE; PARTICLES; SEDIMENTATION; SIMULATIONS; SUSPENSIONS; FRICTION; CHAINS AB The three-dimensional motion of asymmetric rigid fibers settling under gravity in a quiescent fluid was experimentally measured using a pair of cameras located on a movable platform. The particle motion typically consisted of an initial transient after which the particle approached a steady rate of rotation about an axis parallel to the acceleration of gravity, with its center of mass following a helical trajectory. Numerical and analytical methods were used to predict translational and angular velocities as well as the evolution of the fiber orientation as a function of time. A comparison of calculated and measured values shows that it is possible to quantitatively predict complex motions of particles that have highly asymmetric shape. The relations between particle shape and settling trajectory have potential applications for hydrodynamic characterization of fiber shapes and fiber separation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562253] C1 [Tozzi, E. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Scott, C. T.; Vahey, D.] USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Klingenberg, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Klingenberg, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Rheol Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tozzi, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ejtozzi@ucdavis.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35504-17401] FX The project was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant No. 2006-35504-17401. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 AR 033301 DI 10.1063/1.3562253 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 745GD UT WOS:000289153000016 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Olea, W Wei, J Fiorotto, ML Matsunami, RK Engler, DA Collier, RJ AF Hadsell, Darryl L. Olea, Walter Wei, Jerry Fiorotto, Marta L. Matsunami, Rise K. Engler, David A. Collier, Robert J. TI Developmental regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the mouse mammary gland during a prolonged lactation cycle SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE mitochondria; proteome; adenosine 5 '-triphosphate ID HUMAN PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE; FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; BOVINE PPARGC1A; MESSENGER-RNA; TISSUE; CELL AB Hadsell DL, Olea W, Wei J, Fiorotto ML, Matsunami RK, Engler DA, Collier RJ. Developmental regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the mouse mammary gland during a prolonged lactation cycle. Physiol Genomics 43: 271-285, 2011. First published December 28, 2010; doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics. 00133.2010.-The regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the lactating mammary cell is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to use proteomics to relate temporal changes in mammary cell mitochondrial function during lactation to changes in the proteins that make up this organelle. The hypothesis tested was that changes in mammary cell mitochondrial biogenesis and function during lactation would be accounted for by coordinated changes in the proteins of the electron transport chain and that some of these proteins might be linked by their expression patterns to PPARGC1 alpha and AMP kinase. The mitochondrial proteome was studied along with markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in mammary tissue collected from mice over the course of a single prolonged lactation cycle. Mammary tissue concentrations of AMP and ADP were increased (P < 0.05) during early lactation and then declined with prolonged lactation. Similar changes were also observed for mitochondrial ATP synthesis activity, mitochondrial mass and DNA copy number. Analysis of the mammary cell mitochondrial proteome identified 244 unique proteins. Of these, only two proteins of the electron transport chain were found to increase during early lactation. In contrast, coordinated changes in numerous electron transport chain proteins were observed both during mid-and late lactation. There were six proteins that could be directly linked to PPARGC1 alpha through network analysis. Abundance of PPARGC-1 alpha and phosphorylation of AMP kinase was highest on day 2 postpartum. The results suggest that the increases in mammary mitochondria ATP synthesis activity during early lactation results from changes in only a limited number proteins. In addition, decreases in a handful of proteins linked to lipid oxidation could be temporally linked to decreases in PPARGC1 alpha and phospho-AMP kinase suggesting potential roles for these proteins in coordinating mammary gland metabolism during early lactation. C1 [Hadsell, Darryl L.; Olea, Walter; Wei, Jerry; Fiorotto, Marta L.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hadsell, Darryl L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Matsunami, Rise K.; Engler, David A.] Texas Heart Inst, Dept Mol Biol & Prote, Houston, TX 77025 USA. [Engler, David A.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX USA. [Collier, Robert J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dhadsell@bcm.edu RI Wei, Jerry/B-7385-2013 OI Wei, Jerry/0000-0001-8802-7221 FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001]; CSREES [2007-35206-17831] FX This work supported by USDA/ARS cooperative agreement 58-6250-6001 (D. L. Hadsell), and CSREES Grant 2007-35206-17831 (D. L. Hadsell). NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 6 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00133.2010 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 741VM UT WOS:000288893600001 PM 21189371 ER PT J AU Barros-Rios, J Malvar, RA Jung, HJG Santiago, R AF Barros-Rios, Jaime Malvar, Rosa A. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Santiago, Rogelio TI Cell wall composition as a maize defense mechanism against corn borers SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Sesamia nonagrioides; Resistance; Hydroxycinnamates; Polysaccharides; Lignin; Pith; Rind ID SESAMIA-NONAGRIOIDES LEPIDOPTERA; PINK STEM BORER; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RECURRENT SELECTION; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; DIETARY FIBER; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; LIGNIN; ACID AB European and Mediterranean corn borers are two of the most economically important insect pests of maize (Zea mays L) in North America and southern Europe, respectively. Cell wall structure and composition were evaluated in pith and rind tissues of resistant and susceptible inbred lines as possible corn borer resistance traits. Composition of cell wall polysaccharides, lignin concentration and composition, and cell wall bound forms of hydroxycinnamic acids were measured. As expected, most of the cell wall components were found at higher concentrations in the rind than in the pith tissues, with the exception of galactose and total diferulate esters. Pith of resistant inbred lines had significantly higher concentrations of total cell wall material than susceptible inbred lines, indicating that the thickness of cell walls could be the initial barrier against corn borer larvae attack. Higher concentrations of cell wall xylose and 8-O-4-coupled diferulate were found in resistant inbreds. Stem tunneling by corn borers was negatively correlated with concentrations of total diferulates, 8-5-diferulate and p-coumarate esters. Higher total cell wall, xylose, and 8-coupled diferulates concentrations appear to be possible mechanisms of corn borer resistance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barros-Rios, Jaime; Malvar, Rosa A.; Santiago, Rogelio] Mision Biol Galicia CSIC, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Barros-Rios, J (reprint author), Mision Biol Galicia CSIC, Apartado 28, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain. EM jbarros@mbg.cesga.es RI Malvar, Rosa /E-7926-2012; Santiago, Rogelio/E-7610-2012; Barros, Jaime/H-8368-2015 OI Barros, Jaime/0000-0002-9545-312X FU National Plan for Research and Development of Spain [AGL2006-13140, AGL 2009-09611]; Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain); European Social Fund; Isidro Parga Pondal FX We appreciate the valuable training and technical assistance provided by Ted Jeo in sample analysis. This research was supported by the National Plan for Research and Development of Spain (Projects Cod. AGL2006-13140, AGL 2009-09611). J. Barros-Rios acknowledges a grant from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain). R. Santiago acknowledges postdoctoral contracts: "Juan de la Cierva" partially financed by the European Social Fund, and "Isidro Parga Pondal". NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 72 IS 4-5 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.004 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 741QA UT WOS:000288877400008 PM 21281952 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Ebel, ED Vose, D AF Williams, Michael S. Ebel, Eric D. Vose, David TI Methodology for Determining the Appropriateness of a Linear Dose-Response Function SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Dose-response approximation; limited expected value; risk assessment ID MODEL; RISK AB Microbial food safety risk assessment models can often at times be simplified by eliminating the need to integrate a complex dose-response relationship across a distribution of exposure doses. This is possible if exposure pathways lead to pathogens at exposure that consistently have a small probability of causing illness. In this situation, the probability of illness will follow an approximately linear function of dose. Consequently, the predicted probability of illness per serving across all exposures is linear with respect to the expected value of dose. The majority of dose-response functions are approximately linear when the dose is low. Nevertheless, what constitutes "low" is dependent on the parameters of the dose-response function for a particular pathogen. In this study, a method is proposed to determine an upper bound of the exposure distribution for which the use of a linear dose-response function is acceptable. If this upper bound is substantially larger than the expected value of exposure doses, then a linear approximation for probability of illness is reasonable. If conditions are appropriate for using the linear dose-response approximation, for example, the expected value for exposure doses is two to three logs(10) smaller than the upper bound of the linear portion of the dose-response function, then predicting the risk-reducing effectiveness of a proposed policy is trivial. Simple examples illustrate how this approximation can be used to inform policy decisions and improve an analyst's understanding of risk. C1 [Williams, Michael S.; Ebel, Eric D.] Food Safety Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), Food Safety Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01518.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 731QV UT WOS:000288125300003 PM 21039706 ER PT J AU Collins, DP Cogger, CG Kennedy, AC Forge, T Collins, HP Bary, AI Rossi, R AF Collins, Douglas P. Cogger, Craig G. Kennedy, Ann C. Forge, Thomas Collins, Harold P. Bary, Andrew I. Rossi, Richard TI Farm-Scale Variation of Soil Quality Indices and Association with Edaphic Properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER CONTENT; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; FOOD-WEB; GRASSLAND SOILS; LAND-USE; TEXTURE; NEMATODE; CARBON; MANAGEMENT AB Farm-scale variation of soil quality indices and association with edaphic properties. Soil organisms can be used as indicators of dynamic soil quality because their community structure and population density are sensitive to management changes. However, edaphic properties can also affect soil organisms and spatial variability can confound their utility for soil evaluation. We evaluate the relationship between two important agronomic functions, N-mineralization potential and aggregate stability, and biological, chemical, and physical edaphic properties. Decomposers, nematodes, collembolans, total C, total N, pH, bulk density (D(b)), and texture were evaluated at 81 sites across 25-ha of an organic farm in western Washington. We built regression trees with biological, chemical, physical, and management parameters to explain the farm-scale variation in microbial biomass (r(2) = 0.74), nematode density (r(2) = 0.61), collembolan density (r(2) = 0.36), nematode structure index (SI, r(2) = 0.41), nematode enrichment index (EI, r(2) = 0.54), proportion of soil as aggregates > 0.25 mm (r(2) = 0.60) and N-mineralization potential (r(2) = 0.58). Soils with microbial biomass > 597 mu g C(mic) g(-1) formed a homogeneous group with the greatest N-mineralization potential, and soils with > 13.5% clay formed a homogeneous group with the greatest proportion of soil aggregates > 0.25 mm. Increased soil aggregation was associated with larger nematode SI, though much of the variability in SI remained unexplained by the data. Tillage had a strong effect on both decomposer and nematode populations; soils not tilled for 5 yr had the largest microbial biomass and soils not tilled 2 wk before sampling had the largest nematode populations. Comparisons of soil quality indicators across farms should be sensitive to the association of indicators with soil texture and recent management practices. C1 [Collins, Douglas P.] Washington State Univ, Small Farms Program, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Cogger, Craig G.; Bary, Andrew I.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Ext Ctr Puyallup, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Kennedy, Ann C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Forge, Thomas] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Collins, Harold P.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Rossi, Richard] Newmont Min Corp, Battle Mt, NV 89820 USA. RP Collins, DP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Small Farms Program, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, 2606 W Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM dpcollins@wsu.edu FU WSU's College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences; Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program FX We are grateful to Andrew Stout of Full Circle Farm, Amy Sills of Terry's Berries, and Liz Myhre of Washington State University for help in field plot maintenance, sample collection, and analysis. Funding was supplied by WSU's College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences and Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 27 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 580 EP 590 DI 10.0029/sssaj2010.0029 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 740XF UT WOS:000288827000026 ER PT J AU Pritchett, K Kennedy, AC Cogger, CG AF Pritchett, KeriAnne Kennedy, Ann C. Cogger, Craig G. TI Management Effects on Soil Quality in Organic Vegetable Systems in Western Washington SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; MATTER FRACTIONS; UTILIZATION PATTERNS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; LIPID ANALYSIS; BIOMASS; CARBON; CULTIVATION AB Management practices in organic vegetable cropping systems can differ widely depending on soil, location, landscape, region, and climate. Soil quality indicators may help organic farmers choose the best management practices. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the sensitivity of soil properties to detect differences in organic management systems; (ii) identify a minimum soil quality set for future analyses; and (iii) provide baseline data for future system comparisons of soil quality. Data were collected from the first 3 yr of a field experiment comparing cropping systems (pasture every other year, relay cover crop, and post-harvest cover crop), tillage strategies (conventional tillage and modified tillage with a rotary spader), and amendments (broiler litter and on-farm compost) arranged in a split-split-plot design. Soil analyses included dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase activities, phospholipid fatty acid methyl esters (PLFA), substrate utilization using ECO plates (Biolog, Hayward, CA), total C, particulate organic matter C, bulk density, and aggregate stability. Enzyme activities were more sensitive than PLFA and substrate utilization to changes in management. The beta-glucosidase activity was greater in relay and pasture treatments than the post-harvest treatment and the modified (spader) tillage had greater beta-glucosidase activity than the conventional tillage. There were no differences in beta-glucosidase activity between amendments. Dehydrogenase activity showed transient responses to tillage and amendment. Soil C and bulk density were affected by amendment and showed more consistent differences among treatments than did other properties. The changes occurring in soil properties may lead to early identification of differences among organic management practices. C1 [Kennedy, Ann C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pritchett, KeriAnne] Cascade Earth Sci, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. [Cogger, Craig G.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Kennedy, AC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM akennedy@wsu.edu FU USDA Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems (IFAFS); Western Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension program (SARE); WSU; Agricultural Research Center at Washington State University [0722] FX We are grateful to Andy Bary, Liz Myhre, Jeremy Hansen, Allison Fischer, and Andrea Dickens for help in field plot maintenance, sample collection, and analysis. We are also grateful to J. Richard Alldredge for statistical advice and review of this manuscript. Partial funding for this project was provided by the USDA Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems (IFAFS), the Western Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension program (SARE), the WSU Puyallup Chicona Fund, and the Agricultural Research Center at Washington State University through Hatch Project 0722. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 32 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 605 EP 615 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0294 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 740XF UT WOS:000288827000029 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, AW AF Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew W. TI Soil Nitrogen Dynamics under Dryland Alfalfa and Durum-Forage Cropping Sequences SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PERENNIAL WEEDS; RHIZOMA PEANUT; SPRING WHEAT; CARBON; SYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION AB Forages grown in rotation with or without cereals to sustain dryland soil water content and crop production may influence N dynamics. We evaluated the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and durum (Tritirum turgidum L.)- annual forage cropping sequences on above- (stems + leaves) and belowground (roots) biomass N, dryland sod total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH(4)-N, and NO(3)-N contents at the 0- to 120-cm depth in northeastern Montana from 2002 to 2005. Cropping sequences were continuous alfalfa (CA), durum-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hay (D-B), durum-foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) hay (D-M), durum Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.)/barley mixture hay (D-P/B), and durum-fallow (D-F). From 2002 to 2005, total above- and belowground biomass N was 20 to 97 kg N ha(-1) greater under CA than other treatments. In 2005, STN, PON, and PNM were 7 to 490 kg N ha(-1) greater under CA than D-M, D-B, and D-P/B at 0 to 30 cm but varied by treatment at other depths. In contrast, MBN at 0 to 15 cm and NH(4)-N content at 30 to 90 cm were 2310 37 kg N ha(-1) greater under D-B than D-M and D-F. The NO(3)-N content at 0 to 120 cm was 65 to 107 kg N ha(-1) greater under D-P/B than other treatments. Even though haying removed a greater amount of N, alfalfa increased surface soil N storage and mineralization and reduced the potential for N leaching compared with durum-annual forages, probably due to increased root growth or N(2) fixation. Durum-pea/barley hay, however, increased N mineralization and availability in subsoil layers, probably due to greater root N concentration or downward movement of water-soluble N. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Lenssen, Andrew W.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/CSREES FX We greatly acknowledge the help provided by Joy Barsotti, Johnny Rieger, and Mark Gaffri with collecting and analyzing soil and root samples and maintaining field plots. We appreciate the Roosevelt and Sheridan County conservation districts for providing land to conduct this research. Partial financial support for this project was provided by a USDA/CSREES special grant "Sustainable Pest Management in Dryland Wheat" to A.W. Lenssen and G.D. Johnson, Dep. of Entomology, Montana State Univ., Bozeman. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0221 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 740XF UT WOS:000288827000035 ER PT J AU Evans, DM Schoenholtz, SH Wigington, PJ Griffith, SM AF Evans, Daniel M. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Griffith, Stephen M. TI Nitrogen Mineralization in Riparian Soils along a River Continuum within a Multi-Land-Use Basin SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; N MINERALIZATION; WESTERN OREGON; QUALITY; NITRIFICATION; STREAM; BUFFER; FERTILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB Nitrogen dynamics in riparian systems are often addressed within one land-use type and are rarely studied on watershed scales across multiple land uses. This study tested for temporal trends and watershed-wide spatial patterns in N mineralization and identified sire factors related to N mineralization. We measured net N mineralization in situ at monthly intervals for 1 yr at 32 riparian sites along the 124-km length of the Calapooia River, Oregon. We observed seasonal trends of mean net N mineralization with relatively low rates in the fall (29.8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and winter (30.1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and relatively high rates in the spring (122.1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and summer (99.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) when conditions for microbial activity and decomposition were likely enhanced. Annual net N mineralization on an area basis ranged from -13.5 to 234.0 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) with a mean for all sites of 50.1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Annual net N mineralization per kilogram of soil ranged from -16.2 to 207.1 mg N kg soil(-1) yr(-1), with a mean for all sites of 64.4 mg N kg soil(-1) yr(-1). Regression analysis revealed hardwood basal area and coverage of grass as significant positive predictors of kilograms of N mineralized per hectare. Location along the river explained 22% of the variability of N mineralization per hectare, indicating that riparian areas may function differently along the length of the river. C1 [Evans, Daniel M.; Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Oregon State Univ, Forest Engn Resources & Management Dep, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wigington, Parker J., Jr.] USDA EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Griffith, Stephen M.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Evans, DM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dep Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM daniel76@vt.edu FU Oregon State University; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the Forest Research Laboratory Fish and Wildlife Habitat in Managed Forests Research Program at Oregon State University and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. In-kind support was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the time of one of the co-authors. This manuscript has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. We thank Machelle Nelson, Donald Streeter, Amy Burke, and Julia Showalter for providing technical lab and field support. Editorial assistance was provided by Amy Villamagna and Charlene Kelly. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this manuscript is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA Agricultural Research Service or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 719 EP 728 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0162 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 740XF UT WOS:000288827000040 ER PT J AU Gillam, EH Westbrook, JK Schleider, PG McCracken, GF AF Gillam, Erin H. Westbrook, John K. Schleider, Paul G. McCracken, Gary F. TI VIRTUAL BATS AND REAL INSECTS: EFFECTS OF ECHOLOCATION ON PHEROMONE-TRACKING BEHAVIOR OF MALE CORN EARWORM MOTHS, HELICOVERPA ZEA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FREE-TAILED BATS; HIGH-FREQUENCY SOUND; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; MATING-BEHAVIOR; ULTRASOUND; LEPIDOPTERA; DISRUPTION; NOCTUIDAE; PREDATION; BOLLWORM AB This study examines effects of simulated echolocation calls of bats in a field setting on the flight activity and pheromone-tracking behavior of the male corn eat-worm moth. Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an insect that responds evasively to echolocation calls of bats. Simulated echolocation was broadcast over crop fields in an area where moths were abundant during summer. Field collections of free-flying moths and pheromone trapping of male moths were conducted in the presence and absence of simulated calls. Numbers of moths captured were not affected in either experiment by presence of simulated echolocation calls. Contrary to previous evidence, these data suggest that moths are not dissuaded from tracking pheromones under a perceived high risk of predation. Exhibiting a continual anti-predator response under a sustained risk of predation could have negative impacts on reproductive success, leading males to take higher risks compared to situations in which predators are sporadically present. C1 [Gillam, Erin H.; McCracken, Gary F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Westbrook, John K.; Schleider, Paul G.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Gillam, EH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Erin.Gillam@ndsu.edu OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103 FU Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank J. Lopez, J. Esquivel, and D. Spurgeon for help with experimental design, R. Mahan for assistance with collection of field data, and R. and R. King for allowing us to conduct research on their property. This work was funded by an Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Fellowship (awarded to EHG). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1894/JC-37.1 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743SQ UT WOS:000289039400016 ER PT J AU Hirooka, Y Rossman, AY Chaverri, P AF Hirooka, Y. Rossman, A. Y. Chaverri, P. TI A morphological and phylogenetic revision of the Nectria cinnabarina species complex SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Hypocreales; molecular systematics; Nectriaceae; plant pathogen; type species ID BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; FUNGUS; EVOLUTION; LINEAGE; SETS AB The genus Nectria is typified by N. cinnabarina, a wood-inhabiting fungus common in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. To determine the diversity within N. cinnabarina, specimens and cultures from Asia, Europe, and North America were obtained and examined. Their phylogeny was determined using sequences of multiple loci, specifically act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, and tub. Based on these observations, four species are recognised within the N. cinnabarina complex. Each species is delimited based on DNA sequence analyses and described and illustrated from specimens and cultures. The basionym for N. cinnabarina, Sphaeria cinnabarina, is lectotypified based on art illustration that is part of the protologue, and an epitype specimen is designated. Nectria cinnabarina s. str is recircumscribed as having 2-septate ascospores and long stipitate sporodochia. Nectria dematiosa, previously considered a synonym of N. cinnabarina, has up to 2-septate ascospores and sessile sporodochia or no anamorph on the natural substrate. A third species, Nectria nigrescens, has up to 3-septate ascospores and short to long stipitate sporodochia. One newly described species, Nectria asiatica with a distribution restricted to Asia, has (0-)1-septate ascospores and short stipitate sporodochia. Young and mature conidia developing on SNA were observed for each species. Mature conidia of N. asiatica, N. cinnabarina, and N. nigrescens but not N. dematiosa bud when the mature conidia are crowded. On PDA the optimal temperature for growth for N. dematiosa is 20 degrees C, while for the other three species it is 25 degrees C. Based on our phylogenetic analyses, three subclades are evident within N. dematiosa. Although subtle culture and geographical differences exist, these subclades are not recognised as distinct species because the number of samples is small and the few specimens are insufficient to determine if morphological differences exist in the natural environment. C1 [Hirooka, Y.; Chaverri, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hirooka, Y.; Rossman, A. Y.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hirooka, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Yuuri.Hirooka@ars.usda.gov OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 FU United States National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0731510] FX The authors thank Dr Gary J. Samuels (USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA) for his contributions to the systematics of the hypocrealean fungi including discussions about the NCSC and other Nectria-like fungi. It is a distinct honour to publish our paper here. We thank the many mycologists who shared their fresh specimens and/or cultures of these fungi with us, specifically Alex Akulov, Margaret Barr, Alex Chlebicki, Walter Gams, Tom Grafenhan, Walter Jaklitsch, Thomas Laessoe, Gaston Laflamme, Christian Lechat, Yasunori Ono, Gary Samuels, Hans-Josef Schroers, Keith Seifert, and Wenying Zhuang. We are indebted to Sato Toyozo, Takayuki Aoki, and Keisuke Tomioka (NIAS Genebank, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tukuba, Ibaraki, Japan), and Keiko T. Natuaki (Tokyo University of Agriculture) for sending and quickly depositing Japanese cultures. We also thank Orlando Petrini (Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Bellinzona, Switzerland) for giving many ideas and advice about statistical analyses. We express sincere thanks to Andrew Minnis for providing nomenclatural advice and to our excellent technicians, Sasha Allen, Aimee Hyten and Tunesha Phillips. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the curators and staff of the BPI, FH, H, TNS, K, NY, PH, SPA, and UPS. This study was supported in part by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) PEET grant DEB-0731510 "Monographic Studies in the Nectriaceae, Hypocreales: Nectria, Cosmospora, and Neonectria" to University of Maryland (Pis: P. Chaverri, A.Y. Rossman, G.J. Samuels). NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 85167, 3508 AD UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 EI 1872-9797 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PD MAR PY 2011 IS 68 BP 35 EP 56 DI 10.3114/sim.2011.68.02 PG 22 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 741AA UT WOS:000288834300003 PM 21523188 ER PT J AU Mejia, LC Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Sogonov, MV White, JF AF Mejia, L. C. Castlebury, L. A. Rossman, A. Y. Sogonov, M. V. White, J. F., Jr. TI A systematic account of the genus Plagiostoma (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) based on morphology, host-associations, and a four-gene phylogeny SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Betulaceae; epitypification; Fraxinus; new species; phylogeny; Salicaceae; Sordariomycetidae ID DISCULA-FRAXINEA; SP-NOV; ASH; FUNGUS AB Members of the genus Plagiostoma inhabit leaves, stems, twigs, and branches of woody and herbaceous plants predominantly in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. An account of all known species of Plagiostoma including Cryptodiaporthe is presented based on analyses of morphological, cultural, and DNA sequence data. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from four genes (beta-tubulin, ITS, rpb2, and tef1-alpha) revealed eight previously undescribed phylogenetic species and an association between a clade composed of 11 species of Plagiostoma and the host family Salicaceae. In this paper these eight new species of Plagiostoma are described, four species are redescribed, and four new combinations are proposed. A key to the 25 accepted species of Plagiostoma based on host, shape, and size of perithecia, perithecial arrangement in the host, and microscopic characteristics of the asci and ascospores is provided. Disposition of additional names in Cryptodiaporthe and Plagiostoma is also discussed. C1 [Mejia, L. C.; Castlebury, L. A.; Rossman, A. Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mejia, L. C.; White, J. F., Jr.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Mejia, L. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. [Sogonov, M. V.] EMSL Analytical Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mejia, LC (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Rm 304,B010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM MejiaLC@si.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF 03-28364]; LCM through Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Neyra Fund; Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Mycological Society of America FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (NSF 03-28364). Additional funding for field work by LCM was received through Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, from the Neyra Fund, the Spencer Davis Research Award from the Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, A Special Study Support Award, and a Graduate School Travel Award and through the Backus Award from the Mycological Society of America. Much appreciation is extended to Lena Struwe for her valuable comments and insights during the course of this work. We acknowledge and appreciate Andrew Minnis for providing a specimen from which the new species Plagiostoma ovalisporum was described and for nomenclatural advice. Christian Feuillet kindly provided translations of the diagnoses into Latin. Tunesha Phipps and Sasha Allen are sincerely acknowledged for their technical expertise in the molecular laboratory. LCM appreciates the following people for graciously hosting visits for collecting and facilitating the shipment of specimens: Michael Giraurd, Adriana Hladki, Tina Hoffman, Christian Lethal, Christophe Lecuru, and Ralph Mangelsdorff. Special thanks to Zhu LiangYang for hosting LCM and providing superb logistical support during his collecting trip in China. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 85167, 3508 AD UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 EI 1872-9797 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PD MAR PY 2011 IS 68 BP 211 EP 235 DI 10.3114/sim.2011.68.10 PG 25 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 741AA UT WOS:000288834300011 PM 21523196 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Fink, T DeLucca, AJ Parikh, AD AF Parikh, Dharnidhar V. Fink, Tom DeLucca, Anthony J. Parikh, Ashish D. TI Absorption and swelling characteristics of silver (I) antimicrobial wound dressings SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Infected wounds; silver antimicrobial; alginate wound dressings; swelling; absorption; occlusive dressings; moist wound dressings ID CARBOXYMETHYLATED COTTON; ALGINATE; SKIN AB An important characteristic of moist wound dressings is their ability to swell and absorb exudates from the wound, while maintaining a moist atmosphere at the wound site. At the SRRC, we have previously developed antimicrobial silver-sodium-carboxymethylated (CM)-cotton printcloth from the sodium salt of CM-cotton, and silver-Ca-Na alginates from four commercially available alginate moist wound dressings. As part of ongoing research on silver antimicrobials, this report delineates the swellabilty of these silver antimicrobial dressings compared to commercially available calcium-sodium alginate dressings and printcloth (controls) in water and in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline) after 8 hours and after one week of immersion. Additionally, the swelling characteristics are correlated with the absorption of saline g/g of the dressing. Silver treated Sorbsan, Kaltostat, Curasorb, Algisite, and cotton-CM-printcloth showed a very significant increase in diameter of the fibers: NaCl 8 hr > water 8 hr > dry, albeit slightly less than the control alginate dressings. The majority of the swelling took place in the first eight hours of wetting, and continued wetting for one week caused little additional uptake of the solution. Fibers swell only in diameter and not in length. All the fibers had greater swelling in saline as compared with those in water. The proven swellabilty of these silver dressings, taken together with the known absorptive and antimicrobial properties of the dressings should make them suitable for treatment of exudative wounds that are at risk for infection. As more is learned about these dressings, clinical trials may be warranted to evaluate their efficacy. C1 [Parikh, Dharnidhar V.; Fink, Tom; DeLucca, Anthony J.] USDA ARS SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Parikh, Ashish D.] St Barnabas Hosp, Livingston, NJ USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dharnid.parikh@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 81 IS 5 BP 494 EP 503 DI 10.1177/0040517510380778 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 745JO UT WOS:000289161900005 ER PT J AU Herrera, AM Carruthers, RI Mills, NJ AF Herrera, Angelica M. Carruthers, Raymond I. Mills, Nicholas J. TI No evidence for increased performance of a specialist psyllid on invasive French broom SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Genista monspessulana; Arytinnis hakani; Invasive species; EICA; Herbivore resistance; Herbivore performance ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; SOLIDAGO-GIGANTEA; PLANT INVASIONS; BOREIOGLYCASPIS-MELALEUCAE; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; EICA HYPOTHESIS AB Some invasive plants perform better in their area of introduction than in their native region. This may be a consequence of rapid evolutionary change due to different selection pressures encountered in introduced regions. The Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis (EICA) suggests that release from natural enemies results in selection of more vigorous plant genotypes as a result of plants allocating resources away from costly herbivore-resistance traits and toward increased growth. We tested the prediction that introduced plant genotypes of Genista monspessulana (Fabaceae) are less resistant to herbivory by a specialist psyllid, Arytinnis hakani (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) by measuring and comparing A. hakani performance on plants from native (southern France) and introduced (California, U.S.) populations. A. hakani performed equally well on plants from the native and introduced regions: there were no significant differences in psyllid egg and nymphal development, nymphal survival rates, female longevity or fecundity between the test plants. Egg survival rates were significantly higher on native populations, but the difference was minimal. These results provide preliminary evidence that native and introduced G. monspessulana populations are equally resistant to A. hakani and do not support the EICA hypothesis prediction of reduced investment in defense in introduced plant populations. Possible explanations for the lack of effects found in this study include the type of parameters measured and the feeding ecology of the herbivore used to test EICA, and finally, that evolutionary changes in plant defense in introduced G. monspessulana populations may not have occurred. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Herrera, Angelica M.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, EIW,Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Herrera, Angelica M.; Mills, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Herrera, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, EIW,Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM angelica.herrera@ars.usda.gov; ray.carruthers@ars.usda.gov; nmills@berkeley.edu FU USDA-ARS; CRIS [5325-22000-020-00D, 5325-22000-020-17R]; Georges Lurcy Fellowship FX We thank Dr. Andy Sheppard from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), and staff from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, European Biological Control Laboratory (USDA-ARS, EBCL) for assistance in collecting psyllids in France. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. This work was funded by the USDA-ARS, CRIS Project Number 5325-22000-020-00D, a Bureau of Land Management Research Agreement, Number 5325-22000-020-17R, and a Georges Lurcy Fellowship. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2010.12.001 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 740BY UT WOS:000288767800005 ER PT J AU Toro, H Suarez, DL Tang, DCC van Ginkel, FW Breedlove, C AF Toro, Haroldo Suarez, David L. Tang, De-chu C. van Ginkel, Frederik W. Breedlove, Cassandra TI Avian Influenza Mucosal Vaccination in Chickens with Replication-Defective Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; avian influenza virus; chickens; recombinant vaccine ID HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; PROTECTS CHICKENS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; VIRUS; VECTOR; H5; PCR AB We evaluated protection conferred by mucosal vaccination with replication-competent adenovirus-free recombinant adenovirus expressing a codon-optimized avian influenza (AI) H5 gene from A/turkey/WI/68 (AdTW68.H(ck)). Commercial, layer-type chicken groups were either singly vaccinated ocularly at 5 days of age, singly vaccinated via spray at 5 days of age, or ocularly primed at 5 days and ocularly boosted at 15 days of age. Only chickens primed and boosted via the ocular route developed AI systemic antibodies with maximum hemagglutination inhibition mean titers of 3.9 log(2) at 32 days of age. In contrast, single vaccination via the ocular or spray routes maintained an antibody status similar to unvaccinated controls. All chickens (16/16) subjected to ocular priming and boosting with AdTW68.H5(ck) survived challenge with highly pathogenic AI virus A/chicken/Queretaro/14588-19/95 (H5N2). Single ocular vaccination resulted in 63% (10/16) of birds surviving the challenge followed by a 44% (7/16) survival of single-sprayed vaccinated birds. Birds vaccinated twice via the ocular route also showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) AI virus RNA concentrations in oropharyngeal swabs compared to unvaccinated challenged controls. C1 [Toro, Haroldo; van Ginkel, Frederik W.; Breedlove, Cassandra] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Suarez, David L.] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tang, De-chu C.] Vaxin Inc, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. RP Toro, H (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 264 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM torohar@auburn.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank Stephen Gulley and Rodrigo Gallardo for technical assistance during this work and Stuart Price for editorial suggestions. This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Avian Influenza Coordinated Agricultural Project. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 55 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 740EB UT WOS:000288773300007 PM 21500634 ER PT J AU Questad, EJ Foster, BL Jog, S Kindscher, K Loring, H AF Questad, Erin J. Foster, Bryan L. Jog, Suneeti Kindscher, Kelly Loring, Hillary TI Evaluating patterns of biodiversity in managed grasslands using spatial turnover metrics SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Spatial turnover; Land-use; Bioenergy; Grazing; Hay; Conservation Reserve Program ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE VEGETATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY HETEROGENEITY; FIRE FREQUENCY; RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; PRODUCTIVITY; INCREASES; DYNAMICS; CAUTION AB Market and policy incentives that encourage agricultural intensification, such as incentives for bioenergy, may contribute to biodiversity decline when they encourage a large-scale conversion of native and semi-natural ecosystems to production fields. In order to appreciate the impact of these incentives on biodiversity, it is imperative to better understand how native and semi-natural ecosystems contribute to plant diversity and composition. We studied the five most common types of managed grasslands in Northeastern Kansas, a region undergoing agricultural intensification. We analyzed plant community data recorded at three spatial scales in 98 managed grassland sites, and examined patterns of diversity and composition of plant species and functional groups; and spatial turnover of species and functional groups measured at different spatial scales. We found reduced soil quality and plant diversity as well as a lack of scale-dependent community patterns on sites that were historically cultivated. Forage management practices (haying or grazing) altered plant diversity and composition in native grassland remnants but not in non-native grasslands. We identified several opportunities where changes to existing management practices could benefit both conservation and bioenergy production objectives. Recommendations to conserve biodiversity include increasing the use of hay management or other biomass collection on native grassland remnants and improving the Conservation Reserve Program by increasing enrollment, adding more native species to seed mixes, and incorporating a periodic biomass collection. We also found that using measures of spatial turnover in community composition added important insights in understanding the effects of management decisions on biodiversity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Questad, Erin J.; Foster, Bryan L.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Jog, Suneeti; Kindscher, Kelly; Loring, Hillary] Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Questad, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM equestad@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture [USDA-NRICGP (2003-35101-12934)]; NSF; University of Kansas Women's Club FX We thank S. Fritts, B. Lefler, E. Nougera, E. Stogsdill, and A. Wolf for field and laboratory assistance. We also thank the land-owners who granted access to their property and shared their experiences with us. C. Freeman and C. Morse were very kind to offer their time and expertise in botanical knowledge. Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture grant #USDA-NRICGP (2003-35101-12934). E.J.Q. was supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a scholarship from the University of Kansas Women's Club. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 3 BP 1050 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.024 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 738GX UT WOS:000288629400014 ER PT J AU Schuh, MC Casey, FXM Hakk, H DeSutter, TM Richards, KG Khan, E Oduor, P AF Schuh, Mary C. Casey, Francis X. M. Hakk, Heldur DeSutter, Thomas M. Richards, Karl G. Khan, Eakalak Oduor, Peter TI An on-farm survey of spatial and temporal stratifications of 17 beta-estradiol concentrations SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Hormones; Estrogen; Estradiol; Soil; Hydrology; Manure ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESTROGENIC HORMONES; WASTE-WATER; MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; STEROID-HORMONES; TRANSPORT; TESTOSTERONE; PERSISTENCE; MANURE AB 17 beta-estradiol (E2) is a natural estrogenic hormone found in animal manure and urine, which may cause endocrine disruption in sensitive organisms. 17 beta-Estradiol has been widely detected in the environment, and animal agriculture may be an important source. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential sources and/or spatial and temporal characteristics contributing to detections of E2 at the farm-scale. Soil cores, segmented into 0.15 m increments, were taken down to the water table from four locations (three potential E2 sources and one control) at or around a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farm on five different dates between 2006 and 2007. Estradiol was quantified in the soil-water extracts using liquid chromatography-with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Estradiol detections were widespread and found in 128 out of 345 extractions (37%). Concentrations ranged from 0 to 1910 ng L(-1) (pore-water equivalents). A location that received field application of manure had significantly lower E2 concentrations compared to other locations. Also, the spring 2007 E2 concentrations were significantly higher than all other sample dates, perhaps related to climatic and hydrological events. Results suggested E2 was not directly related to manure sources, but was widespread in this environment. Where E2 was detected, highest concentrations favored the upper profile, while the greatest frequency of detections was in the lower profile and near the water table. Detections of E2 were associated with high organic mater contents in the upper profile and high sand contents in the lower profile. The study suggests that E2 is widespread in some soil environments, raising questions as to the source and mechanisms that facilitate its transport and mobility. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Casey, Francis X. M.; DeSutter, Thomas M.] N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resour Sci, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Schuh, Mary C.] Fargo Soil Survey Off, Nat Resour Conserv Serv, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. [Hakk, Heldur] USDA ARS, Anim Metab & Ag Chem Unit, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Richards, Karl G.] TEAGASC, Env Res Cent, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland. [Khan, Eakalak] N Dakota State Univ, Civ & Env Engin Dept, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Oduor, Peter] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Geosci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resour Sci, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Richards, Karl/A-5606-2010; Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Richards, Karl/0000-0002-3703-3450; Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU National Science Foundation [0730492] FX This manuscript is dedicated in remembrance to the first author, Mary Cecilia Schuh (1982-2010), who died in an accident during the revision of this manuscript. This research was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0730492. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The authors greatly appreciate the tremendous contributions made by, Mr. Nathan E. Derby, Mrs. Barbara K. Magelky, and Mrs. Colleen M. Pfaff. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1683 EP 1689 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.093 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 737SG UT WOS:000288587900023 PM 21094971 ER PT J AU Costello, SL Schaupp, WC AF Costello, Sheryl L. Schaupp, Willis C., Jr. TI FIRST NEBRASKA STATE COLLECTION RECORD OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Costello, Sheryl L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Denver, CO 80401 USA. [Schaupp, Willis C., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Costello, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 740 Simms St, Denver, CO 80401 USA. EM scostello@fs.fed.us; bschaupp@fs.fed.us NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 740WZ UT WOS:000288826400003 ER PT J AU Wappes, JE Lingafelter, SW AF Wappes, James E. Lingafelter, Steven W. TI MERINGODES WAPPES AND LINGAFELTER (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE: CERAMBYCINAE), A NEW GENUS OF RHOPALOPHORINI FROM BOLIVIA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE longhorn beetle; Santa Cruz Department; taxonomy; morphology AB Meringodes Wappes and Lingafelter, a monotypic new genus of Rhopalophorini, is described from Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Meringodes is most similar to Disaulax Audinet-Serville, although it also possesses characters of Thalusia Thomson and Cosmisoma Audinet-Serville. A diagnosis and description of the genus is given and a new species, Meringodes solangeae Wappes and Lingafelter, is described. Images of both Disaulax hirsuticornis (Kirby) and M. solangeae are included to facilitate identification. C1 [Wappes, James E.] Amer Coleoptera Museum, San Antonio, TX 78255 USA. [Lingafelter, Steven W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wappes, JE (reprint author), Amer Coleoptera Museum, 8734 Paisano Pass, San Antonio, TX 78255 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 740WZ UT WOS:000288826400006 ER PT J AU Cognato, AI Olson, RO Rabaglia, RJ AF Cognato, Anthony I. Olson, Rachel O. Rabaglia, Robert J. TI AN ASIAN AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLOSANDRUS AMPUTATUS (BLANDFORD) (CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE: XYLEBORINI), DISCOVERED IN FLORIDA, USA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; COLEOPTERA; WOOD; KEY C1 [Cognato, Anthony I.; Olson, Rachel O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rabaglia, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Cognato, AI (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM cognato@msu.edu; brabaglia@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 740WZ UT WOS:000288826400008 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Lundgren, JG AF Hesler, Louis S. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI HIPPODAMIA VARIEGATA (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) FOUND IN SOUTH DAKOTA, USA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROPYLEA-QUATUORDECIMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; FIELDS C1 [Hesler, Louis S.; Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM louis.hesler@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 78 EP 79 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 740WZ UT WOS:000288826400014 ER PT J AU Barbosa-Ferreira, M Pfister, JA Gotardo, AT Maiorka, PC Gorniak, SL AF Barbosa-Ferreira, Marcos Pfister, James A. Gotardo, Andre T. Maiorka, Paulo C. Gorniak, Silvana L. TI Intoxication by Senna occidentalis seeds in pregnant goats: Prenatal and postnatal evaluation SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Senna occidentalis; Developmental toxicology; Goats; Body morphometry; Perinatal toxicity ID MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY; CASSIA-OCCIDENTALIS; TOXICITY; RATS; DEGENERATION AB Senna occidentalis is a weed toxic to different animal species. Very little is known about the effects of prolonged exposure to low doses of S. occidentalis on developmental toxicology. Thus, the present study proposes an approach to evaluate the perinatal toxicity of S. occidentalis seeds in goats. Twenty-one pregnant goats were fed rations containing 0% (control), 1% (Sol group), 2% (So2 group) and 4% (So4 group) mature S. occidentalis seeds from pregnancy detection on day 27 after mating until parturition; weight gains and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated using ultrasonographic measurements; neonates were evaluated by body morphometry, weight gains, and serum biochemistry. Fetal resorption occurred in 2 So4 dams and one dam died. Only a few minor alterations in serum biochemistry occurred in dams and kids; even so one So4 group dam had tissue lesions as vacuolations in hepatocytes and kidneys; necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and for the first time lesions were observed in sciatic nerve cells. No relevant alterations in body morphometry were observed. This study suggests that 4% S. occidentalis seeds is toxic for pregnant goats, but levels of seeds less than 4% have little impact on fetal and post birth body development. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Gotardo, Andre T.; Maiorka, Paulo C.; Gorniak, Silvana L.] Univ Sao Paulo, VPT, Ctr Pesquisa Toxicol Vet CEPTOX, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Barbosa-Ferreira, Marcos] Univ Anhanguera Uniderp, Programa Mestrado Prod & Gestao Agroind, BR-79037280 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Pfister, James A.] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Gorniak, SL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, VPT, Ctr Pesquisa Toxicol Vet CEPTOX, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM gorniak@usp.br RI Gorniak, Silvana/C-7879-2013; Souza Ferreira, Maria/J-5108-2015 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - CAPES FX The authors wish to thank Paulo C.F. Raspantini and Leonila E.R. Raspantini for technical assistance, and Estevao Belloni, Marco A. Faustino, and Adilson Baladore for animal care and handling. This work is part of the Ph.D. of Marcos Barbosa-Ferreira at the Departamento de Patologia Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de So Paulo, Brazil, and was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - CAPES. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2010.01.004 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 738FY UT WOS:000288626500010 PM 20138744 ER PT J AU Koehmstedt, AM Aradhya, MK Soleri, D Smith, JL Polito, VS AF Koehmstedt, Anne M. Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K. Soleri, Daniela Smith, Jenny L. Polito, Vito S. TI Molecular characterization of genetic diversity, structure, and differentiation in the olive (Olea europaea L.) germplasm collection of the United States Department of Agriculture SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cluster analysis; DNA fingerprinting; Microsatellites; Olea europaea ID SEQUENCE REPEATS SSRS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; OBLONGA; PLANT; AFLP AB Fifteen microsatellite loci were used to genotype 108 accessions of cultivated olive, Olea europaea L. ssp. europaea var. europaea, and eight of O. europaea L. ssp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Ciferri, from the germplasm collection of the United States Department of Agriculture in Davis, California. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3, for locus IAS-pOe12_A, to 16, for locus ssrOeUA-DCA11, with an overall mean of 9.93. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.175, for locus UDO99-019, to 0.937, for locus GAPU89, with a mean of 0.640. The cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method displayed thirteen clusters within seven main groups that can be partially described by common geographic origin or fruit use, though overlap among these groups was common. The locus-wise total gene diversity (H (T)) ranged from 0.319, at UDO99-019, to 0.847, at ssrOeUA-DCA3, with an overall mean of 0.696. Most of the gene diversity was partitioned within clusters, with proportions (H (S)/H (T)) ranging from 0.633, at IAS-pOe12_B, to 0.848 at GAPU89 per locus, with a mean of 0.759. The principal components analysis explained 24.8% of the total variation along the first two components. Projection of accessions onto the first two principal components produced affinities generally in agreement with the results of the UPGMA cluster analysis. The California cultivar 'Mission' clustered closely with Iberian cultivars and may represent clonal selections adapted to local growing conditions. The results show significant diversity but low levels of differentiation among olive cultivars within the collection. C1 [Koehmstedt, Anne M.; Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K.; Smith, Jenny L.] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Soleri, Daniela] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Polito, Vito S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Koehmstedt, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anne.koehmstedt@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [CRIS 5306-21000-016-001] FX This study was funded by the USDA-ARS Project CRIS 5306-21000-016-001. The research presented in this paper was part of the Master of Science thesis of the senior author in the Horticulture and Agronomy Graduate Group at the University of California, Davis. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 519 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9595-z PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 738WC UT WOS:000288672300004 ER PT J AU Hinze, LL Kohel, RJ Campbell, BT Percy, RG AF Hinze, Lori L. Kohel, Russell J. Campbell, B. Todd Percy, Richard G. TI Variability in four diverse cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm populations SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Dwarf; Fiber; Glandless; Gossypium hirsutum ID UPLAND COTTON; ACCESSIONS; COMPONENTS; PLANT; YIELD AB A broad range of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm resources exist with characteristics useful for improving modern cotton cultivars. However, much of this germplasm is not well utilized. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic and fiber traits of four germplasm populations to determine the effectiveness of pooling germplasm for generating variability to improve traits of interest. Four populations were developed with parents chosen based on (1) dwarfing genes, (2) a combination of fiber strength and length traits, (3) glandless genes, or (4) inclusion in the G. hirsutum center-of-origin, i.e. race, germplasm group. The dwarf germplasm population had smaller bolls, a smaller lint index, a smaller seed index, lower micronaire, and shorter fibers than the other three populations. There were no significant differences in lint yield, elongation, or strength among the germplasm populations. In contrast to the general lack of significant differences among populations for agronomic and fiber traits, within population variation was observed to be high. Therefore, selections could be made within the race population to raise lint yields and within the fiber population to increase fiber length. Likewise, selections within the glandless population could be made for boll size, lint index, seed index, micronaire, and strength. These results suggest that intercrossing multiple parents in complex populations generates a large amount of variability with potential uses in crop improvement. C1 [Hinze, Lori L.; Kohel, Russell J.; Percy, Richard G.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hinze, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Lori.Hinze@ars.usda.gov OI Hinze, Lori L/0000-0003-3356-1245 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9599-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 738WC UT WOS:000288672300008 ER PT J AU Bento, M Gustafson, JP Viegas, W Silva, M AF Bento, Miguel Gustafson, J. Perry Viegas, Wanda Silva, Manuela TI Size matters in Triticeae polyploids: larger genomes have higher remodeling SO GENOME LA English DT Review DE genome restructuring; Triticeae; synthetic hybrids; polyploids ID SECALE-CEREALE; TELOMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN; DNA METHYLATION; X-TRITICOSECALE; MITOTIC-CYCLE; CELL-CYCLE; WHEAT; EVOLUTION; ALLOPOLYPLOIDY; AEGILOPS AB Polyploidization is one of the major driving forces in plant evolution and is extremely relevant to speciation and diversity creation. Polyploidization leads to a myriad of genetic and epigenetic alterations that ultimately generate plants and species with increased genome plasticity. Polyploids are the result of the fusion of two or more genomes into the same nucleus and can be classified as allopolyploids (different genomes) or autopolyploids (same genome). Triticeae synthetic allopolyploid species are excellent models to study polyploids evolution, particularly the wheat-rye hybrid triticale, which includes various ploidy levels and genome combinations. In this review, we reanalyze data concerning genomic analysis of octoploid and hexaploid triticale and different synthetic wheat hybrids, in comparison with other polyploid species. This analysis reveals high levels of genomic restructuring events in triticale and wheat hybrids, namely major parental band disappearance and the appearance of novel bands. Furthermore, the data shows that restructuring depends on parental genomes, ploidy level, and sequence type (repetitive, low copy, and (or) coding); is markedly different after wide hybridization or genome doubling; and affects preferentially the larger parental genome. The shared role of genetic and epigenetic modifications in parental genome size homogenization, diploidization establishment, and stabilization of polyploid species is discussed. C1 [Bento, Miguel; Viegas, Wanda; Silva, Manuela] Univ Tecn Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, Ctr Bot Aplicada Agr, Seccao Genet, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [Gustafson, J. Perry] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Silva, M (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, Ctr Bot Aplicada Agr, Seccao Genet, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. EM manuelasilva@isa.utl.pt OI Viegas, Wanda/0000-0003-4660-1226; Bento, Miguel/0000-0002-7545-8943; Gomes da Silva, Manuela/0000-0003-4677-870X FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal [SFRH/BD/28657/2006]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PTDC/BIA-BEC/101964/2008] FX Miguel Bento is funded by a doctoral scholarship (SFRH/BD/28657/2006) by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal. This research was financed by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Project PTDC/BIA-BEC/101964/2008). NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1139/G10-107 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 737JI UT WOS:000288564700001 PM 21423280 ER PT J AU Li, ZG Yin, WB Song, LY Chen, YH Guan, RZ Wang, JQ Wang, RRC Hu, ZM AF Li, Zhi-Guo Yin, Wei-Bo Song, Li-Ying Chen, Yu-Hong Guan, Rong-Zhan Wang, Jing-Qiao Wang, Richard R. -C. Hu, Zan-Min TI Genes encoding the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from Brassica napus and parental species: cloning, expression patterns, and evolution SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Brassica; acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase); biotin carboxylase (BC); evolution ID COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; CARRIER PROTEIN; COMPARATIVE MAP; GENOME; PLANT; CARBOXYLTRANSFERASE; LOCALIZATION; OLERACEA AB Comparative genomics is a useful tool to investigate gene and genome evolution. Biotin carboxylase (BC), an important subunit of heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) that is a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis in dicots, catalyzes ATP, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and CO(2) to form carboxybiotin carboxyl carrier protein. In this study, we cloned four genes encoding BC from Brassica napus L. (namely BnaC.BC.a, BnaC.BC.b, BnaA.BC.a, and BnaA.BC.b), and two were cloned from each of the two parental species Brassica rapa L. (BraA.BC.a and BraA.BC.b) and Brassica oleracea L. (BolC.BC.a and BolC.BC.b). Sequence analyses revealed that in B. napus the genes BnaC.BC.a and BnaC.BC.b were from the C genome of B. oleracea, whereas BnaA.BC.a and BnaA.BC.b were from the A genome of B. rapa. Comparative and cluster analysis indicated that these genes were divided into two major groups, BnaC.BC.a, BnaA.BC.a, BraA.BC.a, and BolC.BC.a in group-1 and BnaC.BC.b, BnaA.BC.b, BraA.BC.b, and BolC.BC.b in group-2. The divergence of group-1 and group-2 genes occurred in their common ancestor 13-17 million years ago (MYA), soon after the divergence of Arabidopsis and Brassica (15-20 MYA). This time of divergence is identical to the previously reported triplicated time of paralogous subgenomes of diploid Brassica species and the divergence date of group-1 and group-2 genes of a-carboxyltransferase, another subunit of heteromeric ACCase, in Brassica. Reverse transcription PCR revealed that the expression level of group-1 and group-2 genes varied in different organs, and the expression patterns of the two groups of genes were similar in different organs, except in flower. However, two paralogs of group-2 BC genes from B. napus could express differently in mature plants tested by generating BnaA.BC.b and BnaC.BC.b promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusions. The amino acid sequences of proteins encoded by these genes were highly conserved, except the sequence encoding predicted plastid transit peptides. The plastid transit peptides on the BC precursors of Brassica (71-72 amino acid residues) were predicted based on AtBC protein, compared, and confirmed by fusion with green fluorescent protein. Our results will be helpful in elucidating the evolution and the regulation of ACCase in the genus Brassica. C1 [Li, Zhi-Guo; Yin, Wei-Bo; Song, Li-Ying; Chen, Yu-Hong; Hu, Zan-Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhi-Guo; Song, Li-Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Guan, Rong-Zhan] Nanjing Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jing-Qiao] Yunnan Agr Acad, Inst Econ Crops, Kunming 65023, Peoples R China. [Wang, Richard R. -C.] Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hu, ZM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM zmhu@genetics.ac.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006CB101600, 2006AA10A113, 2007AA100505]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX-YW-N-009] FX This research was supported by a "973" project (2006CB101600) and two "863" projects (2006AA10A113, 2007AA100505) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the project KSCX-YW-N-009 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1139/G10-110 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 737JI UT WOS:000288564700004 PM 21423283 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Cox, NA Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Berrang, M. E. Meinersmann, R. J. Cox, N. A. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Application of chlorine dioxide to lessen bacterial contamination during broiler defeathering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler processing; Campylobacter; chlorine dioxide; Escherichia coli; Salmonella ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HOT-WATER; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CARCASSES; SALMONELLA; DECONTAMINATION; EFFICACY; SURFACES AB Because of the escape of contaminated gut contents, the number of Campylobacter spp. recovered from broiler carcasses increases during defeathering. Chlorine dioxide is approved for use as an antimicrobial treatment during poultry processing. A study was designed to test if application of 50 ppm of ClO(2) during defeathering could prevent the expected increase in Campylobacter numbers on carcasses. Three replications were conducted, each using carcasses from different Campylobacter-positive flocks. Carcasses were collected from the shackle line immediately before and after defeathering with and without ClO(2) spray; all carcasses were subjected to a whole-carcass rinse. Rinsate was cultured for Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. Carcasses sprayed with ClO(2) during defeathering had significantly lower numbers of Campylobacter and E. coli than carcasses treated with the water spray control defeathering. The ClO(2) defeathering treatment also resulted in a lower prevalence of Salmonella than did control defeathering. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates collected from ClO(2)-treated carcasses were not different from those collected from control carcasses. Application of ClO(2) during feather removal may have potential as a means to mitigate the increase in bacterial contamination associated with broiler defeathering. C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Meinersmann, R. J.; Cox, N. A.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.3382/japr.2010-00178 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 740KR UT WOS:000288793000004 ER PT J AU Shaw, DC Filip, GM Kanaskie, A Maguire, DA Littke, WA AF Shaw, David C. Filip, Gregory M. Kanaskie, Alan Maguire, Douglas A. Littke, Will A. TI Managing an Epidemic of Swiss Needle Cast in the Douglas-Fir Region of Oregon: The Role of the Swiss Needle Cast Cooperative SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Swiss needle cast; Douglas-fir; silviculture; integrated pest management; forest pathology/foliage disease ID PHAEOCRYPTOPUS-GAEUMANNII COLONIZATION; NORTH COASTAL OREGON; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; FOLIAR PATHOGEN; LEAF-AREA; PLANTATIONS; DISEASE; IMPACT AB Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a foliage disease specific to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) caused by the Ascomycete fungus Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. Currently, it is causing an epidemic west of the Oregon Coast Range from Coos Bay to Astoria: 2010 aerial survey estimate of almost 400,000 ac of plantations with visible symptoms. General symptoms include chlorotic needles, decreased needle retention resulting in sparse crowns, and growth reductions. Growth losses in the epidemic area have been in the range of 20-55%, although mortality from the disease is rare. The SNC Cooperative (SNCC) was established in January 1997 at Oregon State University with private, state, and federal partners. The mission of the SNCC is to conduct research on enhancing Douglas-fir productivity and health in the presence of SNC. We present an integrated pest management framework for SNC on the Oregon Coast based on research sponsored by the SNCC. C1 [Shaw, David C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Filip, Gregory M.] US Forest Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Kanaskie, Alan] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR USA. [Maguire, Douglas A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Littke, Will A.] Weyerhaeuser, Federal Way, WA USA. RP Shaw, DC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forestry, 218 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dave.shaw@oregonstate.edu; gmfilip@fs.fed.us; alan.kanaskie@state.or.us; doug.maguire@oregonstate.edu; will.littke@weyerhaeuser.com FU cooperative and the State of Oregon FX David Shaw (dave.shaw@oregonstate.edu) is extension forest health specialist, Oregon State University, Department of Forestry, 218 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752. Gregory M. Filip (gmfilip@fs.fed.us) is regional forest pathologist, US Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Portland, OR. Alan M. Kanaskie (alan.kanaskie@state.or.us) is forest pathologist, Oregon Department of Forestry, Salem, OR. Douglas A. Maguire (doug.maguire@oregonstate.edu) is Giustina Professor of forest management, Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Will A. Littke (will.littke@weyerhaeuser.com) is forest pathologist, Weyerhaeuser, Federal Way, WA. Funds for the activities of the Swiss Needle Cast Cooperative (SNCC) are provided by members of the cooperative and the State of Oregon. The SNCC is housed in the Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management at Oregon State University, College of Forestry. Special thanks to the foresters, graduate students, and scientists who worked on SNC in coastal Oregon. Thanks also to Doug Mainwaring, Travis Woolley, and Greg Latta at Oregon State University. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 109 EP 119 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 740FB UT WOS:000288775900011 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Nunez, A Solaiman, DKY AF Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Nunez, Alberto Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Selectively Functionalized Glycerol/Diacid Dendrimers via Click Chemistry of Azido Fatty Acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Dendrimers; Nanochemistry; Functionalized oligoesters; Click reaction ID HYPERBRANCHED POLYGLYCEROLS; LIGATION; ALKYNES AB Dendrimers consisting of glycerol and dicarboxylic acid units were synthesized using a convergent or "outside-in" strategy. The multimeric arms, or dendrons, are joined to a central core in the final step using the azide/alkyne click reaction. The combination of these approaches allows the preparation of dendrimers with variable and controlled degrees of substitution at their periphery. For example, a single protected amino acid has been situated at the periphery, with all other substituents being hydrophobic. In another example, all the peripheral substituents are protected amino acids. The identity of the dendrimers is unambiguous due to the purification and characterization of all the synthetic intermediates. Functional groups have also been selectively incorporated along the arms (dicarboxylic acids) and at the cores. C1 [Zerkowski, Jonathan A.; Nunez, Alberto; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jonathan.zerkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 3 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s11746-010-1675-x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 736RW UT WOS:000288512800012 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Liu, KS Winkler-Moser, JK Singh, V AF Moreau, Robert A. Liu, Keshun Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Singh, Vijay TI Changes in Lipid Composition During Dry Grind Ethanol Processing of Corn SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DDGS; Lipids; Sterols; Tocopherol; Tocotrienol; Fatty acid; Dry grind; Changes ID EXTRACTION; SEED AB During the dry grind ethanol process, ground corn is fermented and the major co-product is a feed called distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). This study investigated the changes that occur in the composition of corn oil that can be extracted from various process fractions during the dry grind ethanol process. In the first part of this study, samples of distillers dried grains, thin stillage, condensed distillers solubles (also known as syrup), and DDGS were obtained from 7 dry grind ethanol plants. The levels of deleterious free fatty acids were high (> 7%) and those of valuable total phytosterols were also high in all fractions (> 2%). In the second part of this study, changes in the content and composition of the fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols were quantitatively analyzed in crude oil samples extracted from nine dry grind process fractions from three commercial ethanol plants. Fatty acid and phytosterol composition remained nearly constant in all nine fractions, although some significant variations in phytosterol composition existed among the fractions. Examination of the tocopherols and tocotrienols revealed that gamma-tocopherol was the most abundant tocol in ground corn but an unknown tocol became the predominant tocol after fermentation and persisted in the remaining processing fractions and in the final DDGS product. Overall, the remaining majority of tocols remained relatively unchanged. C1 [Moreau, Robert A.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Liu, Keshun] USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Winkler-Moser, Jill K.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Foods Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 3 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1007/s11746-010-1674-y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 736RW UT WOS:000288512800015 ER PT J AU Mortenson, JA Robison, JA AF Mortenson, Jack Alan Robison, Jason Andrew TI TOLAZOLINE-INDUCED APNEA IN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Apnea; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; tolazoline; toxicosis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HAIR-LOSS SYNDROME; KETAMINE-HYDROCHLORIDE; XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE; IMMOBILIZATION; ANTAGONISTS; IVERMECTIN AB Eighteen mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and six Columbia black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) were held in pens and repeatedly anesthetized from April 2004 through June 2005 as part of an external parasite study. Deer were anesthetized using a combination of Telazol (R) and xylazine hydrochloride (HCL) administered intramuscularly. Tolazoline HCL was slowly administered at 4 mg/kg intravenously to reverse the effects of xylazine with good results. For 17 of the 19 mule deer anesthesias in the fall of 2004, a mean dose of 7.3 ma/kg of intravenous tolazoline (range 6.1-8.4 mg/kg) was given by mistake. This paper describes clinical signs of apnea, muscle tensing, and lasciculations immediately following intravenous administration of tolazoline HCL in mule deer (O. hemionus) at 1.5-3 times the recommended dose. Mean dose for black-tailed deer during this time was 8.1 mg/kg (range 5.5-12.4 mg/kg) with no clinical signs as seen in the mule deer. Based on these findings, intravenous tolazoline use in mule deer is recommended at <= 4mg/kg. C1 [Mortenson, Jack Alan] USDA, Vet Serv, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Mortenson, Jack Alan; Robison, Jason Andrew] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97301 USA. RP Mortenson, JA (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, 530 Ctr St NE,Suite 335, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM jack.a.mortenson@usda.gov FU Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Black-tailed Deer Foundation; Oregon Hunters Association; Benton Bowmen; Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation FX The authors thank the Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife students who provided assistance with deer husbandry and data collection. In addition, the authors wish to thank Ray Fiori, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, E. E. Wilson Wildlife Area, for facility management. Funding for this project was provided, in part, from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Black-tailed Deer Foundation, the Oregon Hunters Association, the Benton Bowmen, and the Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation. This study was conducted with approval by the Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 736EC UT WOS:000288472400015 PM 22946377 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Nieves, MA Myers, RK AF Greenlee, Justin J. Nieves, Mary Ann Myers, Ronald K. TI BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA IN A RED-SHOULDERED HAWK (BUTEO LINEATUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Air sacs; avian; bronchial carcinoma; Buteo lineatus; red-shouldered hawk; West Nile virus ID CAPTIVE WILD MAMMALS; NILE-VIRUS-INFECTION; BIRDS AB Respiratory neoplasms are rare in birds. This report describes carcinoma of the bronchial epithelium in a red-shouldered hawk (Buten lineatus) that presented with weakness and lethargy lasting 4 days that progressed to seizures. Grossly, the caudal air sac and coelomic cavity contained approximately 15 ml of dark brown cloudy fluid that displaced the intestines cranially. Nodular plaques were present on the viscera and air sacs. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed a mass that expanded the bronchial lumen and was composed of papillary proliferations of rows of small cuboidal epithelial cells that were small and uniform in size with a low mitotic index. Metastases were present on the surfaces of caudal air sac, kidney, and multifocal peritoneal surfaces of the coelomic cavity. Clinical signs were most likely the result of West Nile virus infection, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of brain tissue. C1 [Greenlee, Justin J.; Myers, Ronald K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nieves, Mary Ann] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Greenlee, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Justin.greenlee@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 153 EP 155 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 736EC UT WOS:000288472400027 PM 22946389 ER PT J AU Long, RA Donovan, TM MacKay, P Zielinski, WJ Buzas, JS AF Long, Robert A. Donovan, Therese M. MacKay, Paula Zielinski, William J. Buzas, Jeffrey S. TI Predicting carnivore occurrence with noninvasive surveys and occupancy modeling SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black bear; Bobcat; Detectability; Detection dog; Distribution; Fisher; Lynx rufus; Martes pennanti; Ursus americanus; Vermont ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; HABITAT USE; SITE-OCCUPANCY; BLACK BEARS; LYNX-RUFUS; MOVEMENTS; POPULATION; WISCONSIN; SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB Terrestrial carnivores typically have large home ranges and exist at low population densities, thus presenting challenges to wildlife researchers. We employed multiple, noninvasive survey methods-scat detection dogs, remote cameras, and hair snares-to collect detection-nondetection data for elusive American black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus) throughout the rugged Vermont landscape. We analyzed these data using occupancy modeling that explicitly incorporated detectability as well as habitat and landscape variables. For black bears, percentage of forested land within 5 km of survey sites was an important positive predictor of occupancy, and percentage of human developed land within 5 km was a negative predictor. Although the relationship was less clear for bobcats, occupancy appeared positively related to the percentage of both mixed forest and forested wetland habitat within 1 km of survey sites. The relationship between specific covariates and fisher occupancy was unclear, with no specific habitat or landscape variables directly related to occupancy. For all species, we used model averaging to predict occurrence across the study area. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses of our black bear and fisher models suggested that occupancy modeling efforts with data from noninvasive surveys could be useful for carnivore conservation and management, as they provide insights into habitat use at the regional and landscape scale without requiring capture or direct observation of study species. C1 [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Buzas, Jeffrey S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Ellensburg Field Off, 420 N Pearl St,Ste 305, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM robert.long@coe.montana.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department; University of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; Northeastern States' Research Cooperative; Jon C. and Katherine L. Harvey Charitable Foundation; Southern Lake Champlain Valley Office of the Nature Conservancy; Sweet Water Trust; USDA Forest Service FX We thank B. Davenport, D. MacKenzie, B. Mitchell, D. Paetkau, A. Royle, S. Wasser, S. Weigley, J. Weldon, and various field personnel and scat detection dogs for their contributions to this project. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Funding for this project was provided by the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Northeastern States' Research Cooperative, the Jon C. and Katherine L. Harvey Charitable Foundation, the Southern Lake Champlain Valley Office of the Nature Conservancy, Sweet Water Trust, the USDA Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Finally, we thank Robert L. Schooley and two reviewers for their valuable comments on this manuscript. Mention of services used in this research does not confer endorsement by the U.S. federal government. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 121 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9547-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 740PY UT WOS:000288808100003 ER PT J AU Amin, E El-Hawary, SS Fathy, MM Mohammed, R Ali, Z Tabanca, N Wedge, DE Becnel, JJ Khan, IA AF Amin, Elham El-Hawary, Seham S. Fathy, Magda M. Mohammed, Rabab Ali, Zulfiqar Tabanca, Nurhayat Wedge, David E. Becnel, James J. Khan, Ikhlas A. TI Triterpenoidal Saponins: Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Zygophyllum coccineum SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Zygophyllum coccineum L.; Zygophyllaceae; ursane-type triterpene glycosides; zygophylloside S; antifungal activity; insecticidal activity AB Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Zygophyllum coccineum L. led to the isolation of nine ursane-type triterpene saponins (1-9), including the new one; zygophylloside S (1), together with a known flavonoid glycoside (10) and a sterol glycoside (11). The isolated compounds were tested for antifungal activity against several important plant pathogens and for insecticidal activity against two important mosquito species. Among the isolated compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, and 9 showed 32-77% fungal growth inhibition at a concentration of 30 mu M against Phomopsis viticola. Compound 9 showed 90% and 80% mosquitocidal activity at 3.1 mu g/0.5 mu L against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. C1 [Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Amin, Elham; Mohammed, Rabab] Beni Suef Univ, Fac Pharm, Bani Suwayf, Egypt. [El-Hawary, Seham S.; Fathy, Magda M.] Cairo Univ, Fac Pharm, Cairo, Egypt. [Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol Gainesville, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Khan, IA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ikhan@olemiss.edu FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program (DWFP); Egyptian government through the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB); USDA ARS NPURU FX We thank the Egyptian government for a fellowship through the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. This study was also supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program (DWFP), the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB), and the USDA ARS NPURU. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 488 EP 491 DI 10.1055/s-0030-1250463 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 741FB UT WOS:000288847600014 PM 20979023 ER PT J AU Kimble, DS Tyers, DB Robison-Cox, J Sowell, BF AF Kimble, David S. Tyers, Daniel B. Robison-Cox, Jim Sowell, Bok F. TI Aspen Recovery Since Wolf Reintroduction on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE browse; Cervus elaphus; elk; Populus tremuloides; recruitment; trophic cascade ID NATIONAL-PARK; TROPHIC CASCADES; PREDATION RISK; ELK; WOLVES; USA; ECOSYSTEM; REGENERATION; LANDSCAPE; HERBIVORY AB Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) recruitment and overstory stem densities were sampled in 315 clones in 1991 and 2006 on 560 km(2) of the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range (NYWR). A primary objective was to observe if aspen status had improved from 1991 to 2006: evidence of a wolf (Canis lupus) caused trophic cascade. Recruitment stems (height > 2 m and diameter at breast height < 5 cm) represent recent growth of aspen sprouts above elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing height, whereas overstory stems (all stems > 2 m) represent the cohort of stems, which will insure the sustainability of the clone. Overstory stem densities declined by 12% (P = 0.04) on the landscape scale when compared with paired t-tests. Overstory stems declined in 58% of individual clones and in 63% of the 24 drainages of the study area. The second objective was to determine which factors influenced changes in aspen density. Winter ungulate browsing (P = 0.0001), conifer establishment (P = 0.0001), and cattle (Bos spp.) grazing (P = 0.016) contributed to the decline in overstory stem densities when analyzed using a mixed effects model of log transformed medians. Eighty percent of the clones were classified as having medium to high browsing levels in 1991, whereas 65% of the clones received a similar rating in 2006, possibly due to the reduced NYWR elk population. Aspen recruitment has increased in some 2-10 km(2) areas, but not consistently. Our study found that a trophic cascade of wolves, elk, and aspen, resulting in a landscape-level recovery of aspen, is not occurring at this time. C1 [Kimble, David S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Evanston, WY 82930 USA. [Tyers, Daniel B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Robison-Cox, Jim] Montana State Univ, Dept Math, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sowell, Bok F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Kimble, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Evanston, WY 82930 USA. EM david_kimble@fws.gov FU USDA Forest Service; Montana State University FX Funding or support for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service and Montana State University. Gerry Bennett, Dick Ohman, and Jim Wood have also contributed significantly to wildlife and habitat research funding on the Gardner Ranger District. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 12 U2 76 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00018.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739QR UT WOS:000288733400002 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Begier, MJ AF Washburn, Brian E. Begier, Michael J. TI Wildlife Responses to Long-Term Application of Biosolids to Grasslands in North Carolina SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird habitat; botanical structure; municipal biosolids; plant composition; species diversity; white-tailed deer ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE APPLICATION; TALL FESCUE; PLANT COMMUNITY; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; HABITAT SELECTION; VEGETATION; SOIL; FIELDS; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN AB Applications of biosolids to grassland areas might alter the attractiveness of those habitats to wildlife. For the past 21 yr, biosolids have been applied annually to grasslands at Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Cherry Point, Havelock, North Carolina. During 2003-2005, we conducted a study to determine if the long-term application of biosolids has altered plant communities and/or wildlife use of grassland areas. Ten circular 1.7-ha plots were established: five plots served as controls (untreated) and five plots were located in areas that received biosolids. We monitored vegetation growth, measured plant community composition, and observed all plots for wildlife activity during December 2003 through December 2005. Long-term application of biosolids to grasslands at MCAS Cherry Point has altered the botanical structure and composition of those areas. Plant communities in grassland areas receiving biosolids were taller (P < 0.001), denser (P < 0.001), and less diverse (P < 0.001) than control areas that did not receive biosolids. Biosolids study plots were dominated by tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] S.J. Darbyshire), whereas control plots consisted of a diversity of grasses, forbs, and woody plants. We observed more (P < 0.001.) total birds . 3-min survey(-1) using biosolids treatment plots (6.7 +/- 0.5 birds; (x) over bar +/- SE) than birds using control (2.6 +/- 0.2 birds) plots. Species-specific differences in use of biosolids and control grasslands did occur and was often related to season. We observed no differences in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of biosolids and control areas when examining information from two types of deer surveys. Long-term biosolids application to cool-season grasslands alters plant communities and favors use of those areas by some grassland birds. C1 [Washburn, Brian E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Begier, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov FU US Dept of the Navy; US Dept of Agriculture FX Research was funded by the US Dept of the Navy and the US Dept of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00125.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739QR UT WOS:000288733400003 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Johnson, DW Blank, RR Lucchesi, A Caldwell, TG Schupp, EW AF Rau, Benjamin M. Johnson, Dale W. Blank, Robert R. Lucchesi, Annmarrie Caldwell, Todd G. Schupp, Eugene W. TI Transition From Sagebrush Steppe to Annual Grass (Bromus tectorum): Influence on Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical cycles; carbon sequestration; cheatgrass; climate change; invasive annual grass; sagebrush; soil organic carbon; total nitrogen ID GREAT-BASIN; SOIL; TURNOVER; STORAGE; FOREST; CHEATGRASS; ROCK; USA AB Vegetation changes associated with climate shifts and anthropogenic disturbance have major impacts on biogeochemical cycling. Much of the Ulterior western United States currently is dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystems. At low to intermediate elevations, sagebrush ecosystems increasingly are influenced by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion. Little currently is known about the distribution of belowground organic carbon (OC) on these changing landscapes, how annual grass invasion affects OC pools, or the role that nitrogen (N) plays in carbon (C) retention. As part of a Joint Fire Sciences-funded project called the Sagebrush Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), we quantified the depth distribution of soil OC and N at seven sites experiencing cheatgrass invasion. We sampled plots that retained sagebrush, but represented a continuum of cheatgrass invasion into the understory. Eighty-four soil cores were taken using a mechanically driven diamond-tipped core drill to a depth of 90 cm, or until bedrock or a restrictive layer was encountered. Samples were taken in 15-cm increments, and soil, rocks, and roots were analyzed for OC and total N. We determined that cheatgrass influences the vertical distribution of OC and N within the soil profile and might result in decreased soil OC content below 60 cm. We also found that OC and total N associated with coarse fragments accounted for at least 10% of belowground pools. This emphasizes the need for researchers to quantify nutrients in deep soil horizons and coarse fragments. C1 [Rau, Benjamin M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wallowa Whitman Natl Forest, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.; Lucchesi, Annmarrie] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blank, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Caldwell, Todd G.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Widland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wallowa Whitman Natl Forest, 3502 Highway 30, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM brau02@fs.fed.us RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010; Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 FU Joint Fire Sciences Program FX Research was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program. This paper is Contribution Number 51 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP). NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 27 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00063.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739QR UT WOS:000288733400004 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Venuto, BC Eckroat, JA Lucas, T AF Starks, Patrick J. Venuto, Brad C. Eckroat, John A. Lucas, Tom. TI Measuring Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) Mass With the Use of Satellite Imagery SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE phytomass; invasive species; remote sensing ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LANDSAT TM; FOREST BIOMASS; AMAZON BASIN; SENSING DATA; PARAMETERS; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS AB Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is an aggressively spreading native species in Oklahoma grasslands. It decreases rangeland forage production, and has been implicated in reducing stream flow and groundwater recharge. Industrial-scale plans to use redcedar as a biofuel source are being considered. Optimal placement of redcedar-based industries requires determination of redcedar availability. Such large-area inventories of redcedar mass can be practically addressed via aircraft or satellite remote sensing. Therefore, we conducted a study in central and western Oklahoma to develop and test a remote-sensing based allometric equation relating redcedar canopy area to aboveground dry mass (AGM). We used automated methods to measure tree canopy area from georectified, pan-sharpened, multispectral QuickBird images having a spatial resolution of 0.45 m(2) per pixel ground sample area. We also measured the canopy area and fresh and dry mass of these trees with the use of destructive sampling techniques. Regression analysis showed that satellite-derived measurements of canopy coverage explained about 85% of field-measured redcedar dry AGM in the study plots. The resulting allometric equation was applied to an independent data set, yielding dry AGM of 38.2 metric tons . ha(-1), which was well within the field-measured range of 36-43 metric tons . ha(-1). The allometric equation was then applied to Natural Resources Conservation Service measurements of redcedar canopy coverage for 17 counties in Oklahoma, to determine that the area of interest contains a median value of about 11.5 million metric tons of redcedar AGM. These results indicate that 0.45-m(2) spatial resolution multispectral imagery can be a useful tool for rapid and reliable measurement of redcedar dry AGM. C1 [Starks, Patrick J.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Eckroat, John A.] NRCS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Lucas, Tom.] NRCS, USDA, Buffalo, OK 73834 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00057.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739QR UT WOS:000288733400008 ER PT J AU Wiles, LJ Dunn, G Printz, J Patton, B Nyren, A AF Wiles, L. J. Dunn, Gale Printz, Jeff Patton, Bob Nyren, Anne TI Spring Precipitation as a Predictor for Peak Standing Crop of Mixed-Grass Prairie SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Akaike's information criteria; decision support tools; rangeland drought; stocking decisions ID GREAT-PLAINS; DROUGHT; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; SEASON AB Ranchers and range managers need a decision support tool that provides a reasonably accurate prediction of forage growth potential early in the season to help users make destocking decisions. Erroneous stocking rate decisions can have dire economic and environmental consequences, particularly when forage production is low. Predictions must be based on information that is easily obtained and relevant to the particular range. Our goal was to evaluate monthly precipitation in spring months as a potential predictor of forage production compared to annual and growing-season precipitation. We analyzed the relationships between grazed and ungrazed peak standing crop (PSC) and precipitation using nonlinear regression and a plateau model, Akaike's information criterion for model selection, and data from three locations: Streeter, North Dakota; Miles City, Montana; and Cheyenne, Wyoming. The plateau model included a linear segment, representing precipitation limiting production, and a plateau, an estimate of average production when precipitation is no longer the limiting factor. Both the response and predictor variables were rescaled so variability in production from average production was related to variability in precipitation from the long-term average. We found that grazing did not affect the relationship between PSC and precipitation, nor were annual or growing-season precipitation good predictor variables. The best predictor variable was total precipitation in April and May for Montana, May and June for North Dakota, and April, May, and June for Wyoming, with r(2) ranging from 0.74 to 0.79 for precipitation less than long-term average. These results indicate that spring precipitation provides useful information for destocking decisions and can potentially be used to develop a decision support tool, and the results will guide our choice of possible predictor models for the tool. C1 [Dunn, Gale] ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Printz, Jeff] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Bismarck, ND 58504 USA. [Patton, Bob; Nyren, Anne] N Dakota State Univ, Streeter, ND 58483 USA. RP Dunn, G (reprint author), ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM gale.dunn@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture-Risk Management Agency [RFA-5084, 05IE08310221] FX Research was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture-Risk Management Agency, RFA-5084 Agreement Number 05IE08310221. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00024.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739QR UT WOS:000288733400012 ER PT J AU MacDonald, JM Wang, SL AF MacDonald, James M. Wang, Sun-Ling TI Foregoing Sub-therapeutic Antibiotics: the Impact on Broiler Grow-out Operations SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE Animal antibiotics; broiler industry; costs of production ID PROMOTING ANTIBIOTICS; FOOD ANIMALS; PRODUCTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIALS; CHICKENS; INDUSTRY; HEALTH; USAGE; BAN AB We use data from a recent national survey to analyze the use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics (STAs) among broiler growers. We estimate that 42% of growers do not use STAs in their feed or water, and instead rely on a set of other practices, including pathogen testing, expanded sanitary protocols, altered feeding regimens, and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point HACCP plans to maintain production. Suspending STAs has no statistically significant impact on production given other inputs, but producers who forego STAs receive higher contract fees, suggesting that they bear higher costs to realize a given level of output. C1 [MacDonald, James M.; Wang, Sun-Ling] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP MacDonald, JM (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM macdonal@ers.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2040-5790 J9 APPL ECON PERSPECT P JI Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy PD SPR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppq030 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 733NY UT WOS:000288270600004 ER PT J AU Suh, MJ Baek, KY Kim, BS Hou, CT Kim, HR AF Suh, Min-Jung Baek, Ka-Yeon Kim, Beom-Soo Hou, Ching T. Kim, Hak-Ryul TI Production of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from olive oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydroxy fatty acid; Olive oil; Bioconversion; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; DOD ID HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; OLEIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; LIPOXYGENASES; BIOCONVERSION; CATALYSIS; COMPOUND; TRIOLEIN; PLANT AB Microbial modification of naturally occurring materials is one of the efficient ways to add new values to them. Hydroxylation of free unsaturated fatty acids by microorganism is a good example of those modifications. Among microbial strains studied for that purpose, a new bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 has been well studied to produce several hydroxy fatty acids from different unsaturated fatty acids. Of those hydroxy fatty acids, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was efficiently produced from oleic acid by strain PR3. However, it was highly plausible to use vegetable oil containing oleic acid rather than free oleic acid as a substrate for DOD production by strain PR3. In this study, we firstly tried to use olive oil containing high content of oleic acid as a substrate for DOD production. DOD production from olive oil was confirmed by structural determination with GC, TLC, and GC/MS analysis. DOD production yield from olive oil was 53.5%. Several important environmental factors were also tested. Galactose and glutamine were optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, and magnesium ion was critically required for DOD production from olive oil. Results from this study demonstrated that natural vegetable oils containing oleic acid could be used as efficient substrate for the production of DOD by strain PR3. C1 [Suh, Min-Jung; Baek, Ka-Yeon; Kim, Hak-Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Kim, Beom-Soo] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cheongju, South Korea. [Hou, Ching T.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kim, HR (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM hakrkim@knu.ac.kr FU Korea government (MEST) [R01-2008-000-20067-0(2008)] FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) [No. R01-2008-000-20067-0(2008)]. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1727 DI 10.1007/s00253-010-3040-2 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 734KU UT WOS:000288333800007 PM 21153811 ER PT J AU Stewart, L Lambert, DM AF Stewart, L. Lambert, D. M. TI Spatial heterogeneity of factors determining ethanol production site selection in the US, 2000-2007 SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Bivariate probit; Cluster analysis; Comparative advantage; Ethanol production; Location determinants ID COUNTY-LEVEL DETERMINANTS; FACILITIES; LOCATION; GROWTH AB Bivariate probit regression and spatial clustering methods analyze investment activity of ethanol plants at the county level for the contiguous 48 United States from 2000-2007. Infrastructure, product and input markets, fiscal policy of local communities, and state and federal incentives determined the location of ethanol plants. The ability to supply feedstock and the absence of previously established ethanol plants dominated the distribution of site selection. Other factors, such as access to railroads or navigable rivers, product markets, lower wages, producer credit and excise tax incentives, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether bans provided some counties comparative advantage with respect to attracting ethanol plants. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lambert, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stewart, L.] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Lambert, DM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 2621 Morgan Circle,302 Morgan Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lancestewart1984@yahoo.com; dmlambert@tennessee.edu RI Lambert, Dayton/A-8401-2009 FU Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee; USDA [NE - 1029] FX Funding for this research was supported by the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee, and USDA Hatch project funding, NE - 1029. The views expressed are those of the authors. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments provided by the editor and anonymous reviewers. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1273 EP 1285 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.020 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 734AX UT WOS:000288306700034 ER PT J AU Jiao, S Johnson, JA Tang, J Tiwari, G Wang, S AF Jiao, S. Johnson, J. A. Tang, J. Tiwari, G. Wang, S. TI Dielectric properties of cowpea weevil, black-eyed peas and mung beans with respect to the development of radio frequency heat treatments SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID IN-SHELL WALNUTS; INSECT CONTROL; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; MICROWAVE TREATMENTS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; CODLING MOTH; BULK-DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; ENERGY; FRUITS AB In developing radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) disinfestation treatments for chickpeas and lentils, large amounts of product infested with cowpea weevil must be treated to validate treatment efficacy. To accomplish this, black-eyed peas and mung beans are being considered for use as surrogate host legumes, since they are better hosts for cowpea weevil when compared with the target legumes. Dielectric properties are very important parameters for developing RF and MW treatments and may be used to estimate heating uniformity and penetration depth. Dielectric properties of black-eyed pea and mung bean flours at four moisture content levels as well as cowpea weevil immature stages and adults were measured with an open-ended coaxial probe and impedance analyser at frequencies of 10-1800 MHz and temperatures of 20-60 degrees C. For both insect and legume samples, the dielectric constant and loss factor decreased with increasing frequency but increased with increasing temperature and moisture content. Comparison of the dielectric loss factor of insects with that for legumes at commonly used industrial frequencies of 27 (RF) and 915 (MW) MHz showed that cowpea weevils should differentially heat faster than the legumes, with the differential heating reduced in MW heating when compared to RF heating. Penetration depths calculated for black-eyed peas and mung beans suggested that RF treatment had much larger penetration depth than MW treatment, and continuous industrial-scale RF treatment protocols could be developed to disinfest these products. (C) 2011 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiao, S.; Tang, J.; Tiwari, G.; Wang, S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Wang, S.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM shaojin_wang@wsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 FU USDA-CSREES [2008-34103-19091]; Washington State University Agricultural Research Centre FX This research was supported by grants from USDA-CSREES (2008-34103-19091), and Washington State University Agricultural Research Centre. We thank Mrs. G. Mikhaylenko (Biological Systems Engineering, WSU) for technical assistance in dielectric properties measurements. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 108 IS 3 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.12.010 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 735IB UT WOS:000288406400010 ER PT J AU Raciti, SM Groffman, PM Jenkins, JC Pouyat, RV Fahey, TJ Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML AF Raciti, Steve M. Groffman, Peter M. Jenkins, Jennifer C. Pouyat, Richard V. Fahey, Timothy J. Pickett, Steward T. A. Cadenasso, Mary L. TI Accumulation of Carbon and Nitrogen in Residential Soils with Different Land-Use Histories SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon; nitrogen; soil; residential; urban; lawn; turfgrass; forest; development; land use ID ORGANIC-CARBON; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; URBAN SOILS; RETENTION; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; ECOSYSTEMS; TURFGRASS; FLUXES AB Urban areas are growing in size and importance; however, we are only beginning to understand how the process of urbanization influences ecosystem dynamics. In particular, there have been few assessments of how the land-use history and age of residential soils influence carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and fluxes, especially at depth. In this study, we used 1-m soil cores to evaluate soil profile characteristics and C and N pools in 32 residential home lawns that differed by previous land use and age, but had similar soil types. These were compared to soils from eight forested reference sites. Residential soils had significantly higher C and N densities than nearby forested soils of similar types (6.95 vs. 5.44 kg C/m(2) and 552 vs. 403 g N/m(2), P < 0.05). Results from our chronosequence suggest that soils at residential sites that were previously in agriculture have the potential to accumulate C (0.082 kg C/m(2)/y) and N (8.3 g N/m(2)/y) rapidly after residential development. Rates of N accumulation at these sites were similar in magnitude to estimated fertilizer N inputs, confirming a high capacity for N retention. Residential sites that were forested prior to development had higher C and N densities than present-day forests, but our chronosequence did not reveal a significant pattern of increasing C and N density over time in previously forested sites. These data suggest that soils in residential areas on former agricultural land have a significant capacity to sequester C and N. Given the large area of these soils, they are undoubtedly significant in regional C and N balances. C1 [Raciti, Steve M.; Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.; Pickett, Steward T. A.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Jenkins, Jennifer C.] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20003 USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Cadenasso, Mary L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Raciti, Steve M.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Raciti, SM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM raciti@bu.edu RI Raciti, Steve/D-3837-2013 OI Raciti, Steve/0000-0002-6793-5068 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0444919, DEB-9714835] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies and LTER programs (Grant numbers DEB-0444919 and DEB-9714835). The authors thank Dan Dillon, David Lewis, Lisa Martel, Giovanna McClenachan, Ellen Schmidt, Robin Schmidt, Kirsten Schwarz and Ian Yesilonis for help with field sampling, laboratory analysis, advice and project planning. The authors extend a special thanks to the homeowners who provided access to their properties. NR 53 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 86 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 2 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10021-010-9409-3 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 732GF UT WOS:000288172300009 ER PT J AU Sumners, LH Miska, KB Jenkins, MC Fetterer, RH Cox, CM Kim, S Dalloul, RA AF Sumners, Lindsay H. Miska, Kate B. Jenkins, Mark C. Fetterer, Ray H. Cox, Chasity M. Kim, Sungwon Dalloul, Rami A. TI Expression of Toll-like receptors and antimicrobial peptides during Eimeria praecox infection in chickens SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eimeria praecox; Coccidiosis; Poultry; TLRs; Antimicrobial peptides ID NECROTIC ENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; BROILERS; COCCIDIA; MAXIMA AB Intestinal colonization of avian species by Eimeria parasites results in the enteric disease, coccidiosis. A study was carried out to assess the immunologic effects of Eimeria praecox infection on the gut of infected chickens. In Experiment 1, birds were orally gavaged with 50,000 E. praecox oocysts; in Experiment 2, an infection dosage of 500,000 E. praecox oocysts was used. Duodenal and jejunal intestinal sections were sampled consecutively on days 1-7 post-infection. Intestinal expression of innate immune gene transcripts was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Analysis of relative gene expression in Experiment 1 revealed an increase (P < 0.05) in duodenal Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 expression on days 4 and 6 post-infection. TLR15 expression was significantly decreased in the duodenum of infected birds on day 2, and significantly increased on day 6 post-infection. In Experiment 2, TLR3 was significantly downregulated in the duodenum on day 7 post-infection; however, no significant results were observed in terms of TLR15 expression. TLR4 also exhibited decreased expression (P < 0.05) on day 7 post-infection in both intestinal sections. Regarding antimicrobial peptide expression; in the first experiment, expression of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) in infected birds was significantly decreased in the duodenum on days 3 and 4, and in the jejunum on day 4. similarly, Experiment 2 resulted in depression of LEAP-2 (P < 0.05) on days 3-5 in the duodenum. In Experiment 1, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CATHL3) was downregulated (P < 0.05) in the jejunum of infected chickens on day 3 post-infection; however, CATHL3 results were non-significant in Experiment 2. Based on the differing results observed in each experiment, it was concluded that both TLR and antimicrobial peptide expression, and thus immunity may be dependent on infection load. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sumners, Lindsay H.; Cox, Chasity M.; Kim, Sungwon; Dalloul, Rami A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Avian Immunobiol Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Miska, Kate B.; Jenkins, Mark C.; Fetterer, Ray H.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dalloul, RA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Avian Immunobiol Lab, 3170 Litton Reaves Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM RDalloul@vt.edu OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 127 IS 3 BP 714 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.12.002 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 734UO UT WOS:000288365300014 PM 21176773 ER PT J AU Mathew, LG Campbell, EM Yool, AJ Fabrick, JA AF Mathew, Lolita G. Campbell, Ewan M. Yool, Andrea J. Fabrick, Jeffrey A. TI Identification and characterization of functional aquaporin water channel protein from alimentary tract of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquaporin; Bemisia tabaci; Filter chamber; Whitefly; Hemiptera; Phloem sap ID FILTER-CHAMBER; HOMOPTERAN INSECTS; I-TASSER; SUCROSE CONCENTRATION; TREHALULOSE SYNTHESIS; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DIGESTIVE-TRACT AB Some hemipteran xylem and phloem-feeding insects have evolved specialized alimentary structures or filter chambers that rapidly transport water for excretion or osmoregulation. In the whitefly. Bemisia tabaci, mass movement of water through opposing alimentary tract tissues within the filter chamber is likely facilitated by an aquaporin protein. B. tabaci aquaporin-1 (BtAQP1) possesses characteristic aquaporin topology and conserved pore-forming residues found in water-specific aquaporins. As predicted for an integral transmembrane protein, recombinant BtAQP1 expressed in cultured insect cells localized within the plasma membrane. BtAQP1 is primarily expressed in early instar nymphs and adults, where in adults it is localized in the filter chamber and hindgut. Xenopus oocytes expressing BtAQP1 were water permeable and mercury-sensitive, both characteristics of classical water-specific aquaporins. These data support the hypothesis that BtAQP1 is a water transport protein within the specialized filter chamber of the alimentary tract and functions to translocate water across tissues for maintenance of osmotic pressure and/or excretion of excess dietary fluid. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mathew, Lolita G.; Fabrick, Jeffrey A.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Campbell, Ewan M.; Yool, Andrea J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Med Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Fabrick, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jeff.fabrick@ars.usda.edu RI Campbell, Ewan/H-3352-2013 NR 88 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.12.002 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 736DP UT WOS:000288471000005 PM 21146609 ER PT J AU Compton, DL Jackson, MA Mihalcik, DJ Mullen, CA Boateng, AA AF Compton, David L. Jackson, Michael A. Mihalcik, David J. Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Catalytic pyrolysis of oak via pyroprobe and bench scale, packed bed pyrolysis reactors SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bio-char; Bio-oil; Catalytic pyrolysis; Gasification; Hardwood; Oak ID BIO-OIL; BIOMASS; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM AB The pyrolytic conversion of oak sawdust at 500 degrees C in flowing He over eight proprietary catalysts is described and compared to the control bed material, quartz sand. The reactions were conducted and compared in two reactors, an analytical, fig-scale pyroprobe reactor and a bench, g-scale packed bed reactor. The catalysts examined were modified acid catalysts, dealuminated-zeolite Y, beta-zeolite, a naturally occurring metal hydroxide containing mineral, mordenite, and a mesoporous aluminosilicate molecular sieve. The packed bed reactor allowed the collection of three bulk product fractions, char, liquid, and gas, all of which could not be obtained from the mu g-scale pyroprobe reactions. The catalysts effect on the mass balance of the bulk fractions tended toward more chars and less liquid compared to the sand control. The catalysts' effects on the liquid products obtained in both reactors shifted away from acetic acid, furfural and higher molecular weight phenolics obtained with sand to lower molecular weight aromatics. This halved the total acid number of the liquid fraction and raised the pH by up to 1.4 units. The modified catalysts' effects on the gas products from both reactors did not follow a specific trend. Instead, specific catalysts were able to enrich specific gas species up to a factor of 15 while suppressing the formation of others compared to the sand control. Two catalysts, beta-zeolite and a naturally occurring metal hydroxide containing mineral, were regenerated and recycled up to five times with no loss of activity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Compton, David L.; Jackson, Michael A.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mihalcik, David J.; Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM david.compton@ars.usda.gov OI Jackson, Michael/0000-0003-4893-9917 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD MAR PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2010.12.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 736HL UT WOS:000288481600012 ER PT J AU Mullen, CA Boateng, AA AF Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Characterization of water insoluble solids isolated from various biomass fast pyrolysis oils SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Pyrolytic lignin; Bio-oil; Pyrolysis; Renewable chemicals ID BIO-OIL; PY-GC/MS; LIGNIN; SPECTROSCOPY; FTIR AB A solid water insoluble material (WIS), commonly called pyrolytic lignin, can be isolated from biomass fast pyrolysis oils. Such material was isolated from the bio-oils produced from barley straw, barley hulls. switchgrass, soy straw and oak and then fully characterized. Analytical techniques employed in the characterization included elemental analysis, pyrolysis-GC/MS, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The characterization showed that the materials were mostly but not entirely derived from the lignin fraction of the biomass; they were largely made up of aromatic rings, substituted with varying amounts of methoxy groups and linked by varying types of aliphatic linkers. The NMR identified different types of aliphatic linkers in the isolates, some previously reported and some newly proposed. GPC analysis showed that the dimers and trimers were the most common oligomeric size though units comprising a wide variety of molecular weights, some >1500 Da, were detected. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD MAR PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2010.12.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 736HL UT WOS:000288481600015 ER PT J AU Khajuria, C Buschman, LL Chen, MS Zurek, L Zhu, KY AF Khajuria, Chitvan Buschman, Lawrent L. Chen, Ming-Shun Zurek, Ludek Zhu, Kun Yan TI Characterization of six antibacterial response genes from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) larval gut and their expression in response to bacterial challenge SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antibacterial response protein; European corn borer; beta-1,3-Glucanase-1; Lysozyme; Peptidoglycan recognition proteins ID PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEIN; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; SAMIA-CYNTHIA-RICINI; INNATE IMMUNITY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BOMBYX-MORI; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INSECT DEFENSIN AB Six cDNAs encoding putative antibacterial response proteins were identified and characterized from the larval gut of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). These antibacterial response proteins include four peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), one beta-1,3-glucanase-1 (beta glu-1), and one lysozyme. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that these genes were highly expressed in the midgut, except for lysozyme. Analysis of expression of these genes in different developmental stage showed that they were expressed in larval stages, but little or no detectable expression was found in egg, pupa and adult. When larvae were challenged with Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes), the expression of all six genes was up-regulated in the fatbodies. However, when larvae were challenged with Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus), only PGRP-C and lysozyme genes were up-regulated. This study provides additional insights into the expression of antibacterial response genes in O. nubilalis larvae and helps us better understand the immune defense response in O. nubilalis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khajuria, Chitvan; Buschman, Lawrent L.; Chen, Ming-Shun; Zurek, Ludek; Zhu, Kun Yan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zhu, KY (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kzhu@ksu.edu RI Khajuria, Chitvan/E-7690-2012 FU Kansas State University FX The authors thank Dr. C. Michael Smith for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by U.S. Department of Agriculture or Kansas State University. This study was supported in part by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and the Arthropod Genomics Center funded by K-State Targeted Excellence program at Kansas State University. This paper is contribution no. 11-076-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. The Ostrinia nubilalis voucher specimens (voucher no. 079) are located in the Kansas State University Museum of Entomological and Prairie Arthropod Research, Manhattan, Kansas. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 57 IS 3 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.12.005 PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 734RG UT WOS:000288353900001 PM 21167833 ER PT J AU Duniway, MC Herrick, JE AF Duniway, Michael C. Herrick, Jeffrey E. TI Disentangling road network impacts: The need for a holistic approach SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HABITAT; DESERT; CONNECTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; RANGELAND; SOILS C1 [Duniway, Michael C.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Duniway, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 66 IS 2 BP 31A EP 36A DI 10.2489/jswc.66.2.31A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 737SM UT WOS:000288588500001 ER PT J AU Neelakantan, S Mueller, T Lee, B Lee, B Finnell, P Bumgardner, V Carey, D AF Neelakantan, Surendran Mueller, Tom Lee, Brian Lee, Brad Finnell, Paul Bumgardner, Vernon Carey, Dan TI Web 2.0 spatial data browser for visualizing land-use assessment information from soil surveys SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Neelakantan, Surendran; Mueller, Tom; Lee, Brad] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Lee, Brian] Univ Kentucky, Dept Landscape Architecture, Lexington, KY USA. [Bumgardner, Vernon] Univ Kentucky, Univ Comp Syst Grp, Lexington, KY USA. [Finnell, Paul] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. [Carey, Dan] Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, Lexington, KY USA. RP Neelakantan, S (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 66 IS 2 BP 37A EP 39A DI 10.2489/jswc.66.2.37A PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 737SM UT WOS:000288588500002 ER PT J AU Butler, BJ Ma, Z AF Butler, Brett J. Ma, Zhao TI Family Forest Owner Trends in the Northern United States SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE private forest owners; nonindustrial private forest owners; National Woodland Owner Survey; parcelization; demographics AB Understanding forest ownership trends is critical for understanding forest trends. In the northern United States, where 55% of the forestland is controlled by families and individuals, it is imperative that we understand the trends within this complex and dynamic group of owners. The US Forest Service conducted forest landowner surveys across this region, and the rest of the United States, in 1993 and 2006. The published results are not directly comparable because of differences in what was reported and how the data were processed. Fortunately, the same sample designs were used and a subset of identical or near identical questions was asked on both surveys so that reprocessing the data allows for trends to be accurately assessed. The average size of family forest holdings decreased from 25 to 20 ac, reasons for owning remained amenity centered, and the owners are now more likely to be older, retired, have a higher income, and more educated. C1 [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ma, Zhao] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Butler, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bbutler01@fs.fed.us; zhao.ma@usu.edu RI Ma, Zhao/M-7657-2013 OI Ma, Zhao/0000-0002-9103-3996 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 735KP UT WOS:000288413300002 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Fan, XL Spetich, MA Shifley, SR Moser, WK Jensen, RG Kabrick, JM AF Fan, Zhaofei Fan, Xiuli Spetich, Martin A. Shifley, Stephen R. Moser, W. Keith Jensen, Randy G. Kabrick, John M. TI Developing a Stand Hazard Index for Oak Decline in Upland Oak Forests of the Ozark Highlands, Missouri SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE oak decline; survival; hazard index; Missouri Ozark Highlands ID MORTALITY AB Black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) and scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.) two major components (44% of total stand basal area) of upland oak forests-are suffering severe decline and mortality in the Ozark Highlands, Missouri. However, factors influencing their survival (mortality) are not well understood. In this study we quantified how stand and tree-level predisposing factors are associated with survival of black and scarlet oaks. Sixteen-year monitoring data from the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) indicated that overall annual mortality of black and scarlet oaks averaged 2.2 and 1.7%, respectively, three to five times higher than expected (around 0.5%) for white oak, a common associate. For the first 8 years of the study (1990-1998), survival rates of black and scarlet oaks were similar. Thereafter, the survival rate of black oak declined relative to scarlet oak. Using the classification and regression tree (CART) method we classified black oak and scarlet oak trees into seven and nine risk groups, respectively, that differed significantly in rates of tree mortality. Groups were distinguished based on tree diameter, crown class, and size relative to competitors. An oak decline and mortality hazard index was thus developed as the weighted means of risk group mortality, which can help managers prescribe species-specific silvicultural treatments to help mitigate oak decline and associated mortality. C1 [Spetich, Martin A.] US Forest Serv, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Fan, Zhaofei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestty, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fan, Xiuli] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Moser, W. Keith] No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jensen, Randy G.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. [Kabrick, John M.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Spetich, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM zfan@cfr.msstate.edu; mspetich@fs.fed.us; sshifley@fs.fed.us; wkmoser@fs.fed.us; randy.jensen@mdc.mo.gov; jkabrick@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service Southern Research Station [SO-EM-06-04]; Northern Research Station [NC-F-09-2] FX This research was funded by US Forest Service Southern Research Station and Northern Research Station as Forest Health Monitoring Program Agreement SO-EM-06-04 and NC-F-09-2, respectively. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 735KP UT WOS:000288413300003 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ AF Nachman, Ronald J. TI Invertebrate neuropeptides XI Introduction SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Insect Neuropeptide Lab, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Neuropeptide Lab, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 SI SI BP 433 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.12.008 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 733ZO UT WOS:000288303200001 ER PT J AU Brugge, VT Paluzzi, JP Neupert, S Nachman, RJ Orchard, I AF Brugge, Victoria Te Paluzzi, Jean-Paul Neupert, Susanne Nachman, Ronald J. Orchard, Ian TI Identification of kinin-related peptides in the disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE In silico analysis; Kinin gene; MALDI-TOF MS MS; Chagas' disease; Insect ID BLOOD-SUCKING BUG; ANTIDIURETIC-HORMONE; NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; CHAGAS-DISEASE; ANALOGS; DROSOPHILA; EXCRETION; RECEPTOR; INSECTS; BRAIN AB We have used an in silica approach to identify a gene from the blood-gorging vector. Rhodnius prolixus, that is predicted to produce an insect kinin prepropeptide. The prepropeptide is 398 amino acids in length and can potentially produce a large number of kinin-related peptides following post-translational processing. A comparison with other insect kinin precursor sequences demonstrates greatest conservation at the C-terminal region of the kinin peptides. Multiple peptides predicted from the kinin gene are phenotypically expressed in R. prolixus, as revealed by MALDI-TOF MS MS, including 12 kinins and one kinin precursor peptide (KPP). Six of these peptides are characterized by the typical insect kinin C-terminal motif FX(1)X(2)WGamide and five of these are also found as truncated forms. Five peptides were identified with an atypical, though similar, FX(1)X(2)WAamide C-terminus. There is also peptide with a C-terminal DDNGamide motif and a number of non-amidated peptides. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Brugge, Victoria Te; Paluzzi, Jean-Paul; Orchard, Ian] Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Neupert, Susanne] USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Neupert, Susanne; Nachman, Ronald J.] Univ Jena, Inst Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Orchard, I (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, 3359 Mississauga Rd N, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM Ian.orchard@utoronto.ca OI Paluzzi, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-7761-0590 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R] FX The authors wish to thank Allison Strey and Nan Pryor (USDA, College Station) for able technical assistance. We also acknowledge financial assistance from grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (IO) and the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN). NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 SI SI BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 733ZO UT WOS:000288303200007 ER PT J AU Coast, GM Nachman, RJ Lopez, J AF Coast, Geoffrey M. Nachman, Ronald J. Lopez, Juan TI The control of Malpighian tubule secretion in a predacious hemipteran insect, the spined soldier bug Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Podisus maculiventris; Excretion; Malpighian tubules; Diuretic hormones; Antidiuretic hormones ID RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS STAL; BLOOD-FEEDING BUG; FLUID SECRETION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; DIURETIC HORMONE; ANTIDIURETIC PEPTIDE; ANTERIOR MIDGUT; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB Spined soldier bugs. Podisus maculiventris, are heteropteran insects that feed voraciously on other insects, particular the soft bodied larval forms of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. The response of P. maculiventris Malpighian tubules (MTs) to serotonin and known diuretic and antidiuretic peptides has been investigated, and is compared with that of MT from the hematophagous and phytophagous heteropteran bugs Rhodnius prolixus and Acrosternum hilare, respectively. A CRF-related peptide diuretic hormone (DH) from the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis (Zoone-DH) stimulated MT secretion, which was reversed by a member of the CAP(2b) family of peptides from A. hilare (Acrhi-CAP(2b)-2), an antidiuretic effect. Serotonin had no effect on secretion, neither did a representative calcitonin-like DH, kinin, tachykinin-related peptide, and an antidiuretic factor from the mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Tenmo-ADFb) in both P. maculiventris or A. hilare. Serotonin is a DH in R. prolixus, and its lack of effect on MT from P. maculiventris and A. hilare suggests this is an adaptation to hematophagy. On the other hand, the antidiuretic activity of members of the CAP(2b) family in all three bugs is consistent with this being a heteropteran feature rather than a specialism for hematophagy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Coast, Geoffrey M.] Birkbeck Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Coast, Geoffrey M.; Nachman, Ronald J.; Lopez, Juan] USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Coast, GM (reprint author), Birkbeck Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England. EM g.coast@bbk.ac.uk FU North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) [LST.CLG.979226]; USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R]; Binational Agricultural Research and Development Grant (BARD) [IS-4205-09C] FX We thank Allison Strey and Chris Parker of USDA for technical assistance. We also thank David Schooley (University of Nevada, Reno) for the generous gifts of the peptides Zoone-DH, Dippu-DH31, and Tenmo-ADFb, and Patrick De Clercq and Allan Cohen for invaluable information about soldier bugs. The financial assistance of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (GMC, RJN) Collaborative Research Grant (#LST.CLG.979226), a grant from the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN), and a Binational Agricultural Research and Development Grant (BARD #IS-4205-09C) (RJN) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 SI SI BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 733ZO UT WOS:000288303200010 PM 21093508 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Mahdian, K Nassel, DR Isaac, RE Pryor, N Smagghe, G AF Nachman, Ronald J. Mahdian, Kamran Nassel, Dick R. Isaac, R. Elwyn Pryor, Nan Smagghe, Guy TI Biostable multi-Aib analogs of tachykinin-related peptides demonstrate potent oral aphicidal activity in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphidae) SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Aphicide; Hindgut myotropic; Diuresis; Peptidase resistant ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; KININ NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LOCUSTATACHYKININ-I; URECHIS-UNICINCTUS; DIFFERENT ORDERS; ARTIFICIAL DIET AB The tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) are multifunctional neuropeptides found in a variety of arthropod species, including the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphidae). Two new biostable TRP analogs containing multiple, sterically hindered Aib residues were synthesized and found to exhibit significantly enhanced resistance to hydrolysis by angiotensin converting enzyme and neprilysin, membrane-bound enzymes that degrade and inactivate natural TRPs. The two biostable analogs were also found to retain significant myostimulatory activity in an isolated cockroach hindgut preparation, the bioassay used to isolate and identify the first members of the TRP family. Indeed one of the analogs (Leuma-TRP-Aib-1) matched the potency and efficacy of the natural, parent TRP peptide in this myotropic bioassay. The two biostable TRP analogs were further fed in solutions of artificial diet to the pea aphid over a period of 3 days and evaluated for antifeedant and aphicidal activity and compared with the effect of treatment with three natural, unmodified TRPs. The two biostable multi-Aib TRP analogs were observed to elicit aphicidal effects within the first 24 h. In contrast natural, unmodified TRPs, including two that are native to the pea aphid, demonstrated little or no activity. The most active analog, double-Aib analog Leuma-TRP-Aib-1 (pEA[Aib]SGFL[Aib]VR-NH2), featured aphicidal activity calculated at an LC50 of 0.0083 nmol/mu l (0.0087 mu g/mu l) and an LT50 of 1.4 days, matching or exceeding the potency of commercially available aphicides. The mechanism of this activity has yet to be established. The aphicidal activity of the biostable TRP analogs may result from disruption of digestive processes by interfering with gut motility patterns and/or with fluid cycling in the gut; processes shown to be regulated by the TRPs in other insects. These active TRP analogs and/or second generation analogs offer potential as environmentally friendly pest aphid control agents. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Pryor, Nan] USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Mahdian, Kamran; Smagghe, Guy] Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Dept Crop Protect, Fac Biosci Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Nassel, Dick R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Isaac, R. Elwyn] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; guy.smagghe@ugent.be FU North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) [LST.CLG.979226]; USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R]; Fund of Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium); Ghent University [BOF-UGent] FX The authors wish to thank Allison Strey (USDA, College Station) for able technical assistance. We also acknowledge financial assistance from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (RJN) Collaborative Research Grant (#LST.CLG.979226), a grant from the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN), and support from the Fund of Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium) and the Special Research Fund of Ghent University (BOF-UGent) to GS. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 SI SI BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.09.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 733ZO UT WOS:000288303200023 PM 20869418 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC West, S Snodgrass, G Luttrell, R AF Zhu, Yu Cheng West, Sandy Snodgrass, Gordon Luttrell, Randall TI Variability in resistance-related enzyme activities in field populations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Esterase; Glutathione S-transferase; Acetylcholinesterase; Enzyme; Detoxification; Resistance; Tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; HETEROPTERA MIRIDAE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; ESTERASE; CARBOXYLESTERASE; MECHANISMS; ACID AB Widespread use of Bt crops for control of lepidopterous pests has reduced insecticide use and provided the tarnished plant bug the opportunity to become a serious pest on mid-South cotton. Organophosphate insecticides have predominantly been used against plant bugs in recent years due to the reduced efficacy of other insecticides. In this study, a biochemical approach was developed to survey enzymatic levels associated with organophosphate resistance levels in field populations of the tarnished plant bug. Forty-three populations were collected from the delta areas of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Three esterase substrates and one substrate each of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were used to determine corresponding detoxification enzyme activities in different populations. Compared to a laboratory susceptible colony, increases up to 5.29-fold for esterase, 1.96-fold for GST, and 1.97-fold for AChE activities were detected in the field populations. In addition to the survey of enzyme activities among the populations, we also examined the susceptibility of major detoxification enzymes to several inhibitors which could be used in formulations to synergize insecticide toxicity against the target pests. As much as 52-76% of esterase, 72-98% of GST, and 93% of AChE activities were inhibited in vitro. Revealing variable esterase and GST activities among field populations may lead to a better understanding of resistance mechanisms in the tarnished plant bug. This study also reports effective suppression of detoxification enzymes which may be useful in future insecticide resistance management program for the tarnished plant bug and other Heteropteran pests on Bt crops. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 3 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.01.005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 735MT UT WOS:000288419800010 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, Joseph M. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Prevalence and Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Commercial Ground Beef in the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; LARGE VIRULENCE PLASMID; ANTIGEN GENE CLUSTERS; MULTIPLEX PCR; SUBTILASE CYTOTOXIN; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; PUTATIVE ADHESINS; IRON-TRANSPORT; DNA-SEQUENCE; BLOOD AGAR AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a Shiga toxin (stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) strain that has been classified as an adulterant in U. S. beef. However, numerous other non-O157 STEC strains are associated with diseases of various severities and have become an increasing concern to the beef industry, regulatory officials, and the public. This study reports on the prevalence and characterization of non-O157 STEC in commercial ground beef samples (n = 4,133) obtained from numerous manufacturers across the United States over a period of 24 months. All samples were screened by DNA amplification for the presence of Shiga toxin genes, which were present in 1,006 (24.3%) of the samples. Then, culture isolation of an STEC isolate from all samples that contained stx(1) and/or stx(2) was attempted. Of the 1,006 positive ground beef samples screened for stx, 300 (7.3% of the total of 4,133) were confirmed to have at least one strain of STEC present by culture isolation. In total, 338 unique STEC isolates were recovered from the 300 samples that yielded an STEC isolate. All unique STEC isolates were serotyped and were characterized for the presence of known virulence factors. These included Shiga toxin subtypes, intimin subtypes, and accessory virulence factors related to adherence (saa, iha, lifA), toxicity (cnf, subA, astA), iron acquisition (chuA), and the presence of the large 60-MDa virulence plasmid (espP, etpD, toxB, katP, toxB). The isolates were also characterized by use of a pathogenicity molecular risk assessment (MRA; based on the presence of various O-island nle genes). Results of this characterization identified 10 STEC isolates (0.24% of the 4,133 total) that may be considered a significant food safety threat, defined by the presence of eae, subA, and nle genes. C1 [Bosilevac, Joseph M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] IEH Labs, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] Consulting Grp, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] King Saud Univ, Coll Food & Agr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Mick.Bosilevac@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by The Beef Checkoff. NR 79 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2103 EP 2112 DI 10.1128/AEM.02833-10 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 732QK UT WOS:000288203500021 PM 21257806 ER PT J AU Goh, K Chua, D Beck, B McKee, ML Bhagwat, AA AF Goh, Kelvin Chua, Darren Beck, Brian McKee, Marian L. Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Arginine-dependent acid-resistance pathway in Shigella boydii SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial food safety; Acid resistance; Traveler's diarrhea ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; FOODBORNE OUTBREAK; ENTERIC BACTERIA; STRESS-RESPONSE; GLUTAMATE; FLEXNERI; SURVIVAL; RPOS; IDENTIFICATION; DYSENTERIAE AB Ability to survive the low pH of the human stomach is considered be an important virulent determinant. It was suggested that the unique acid tolerance of Shigella boydii 18 CDPH, the strain implicated in a 1998 outbreak, may have played an important role in surviving the acidic food (bean salad). The strain was capable of inducing arginine-dependent acid-resistance (ADAR) pathway. This pathway was assumed lobe absent in Shigella sp. Here, we have examined occurrence and efficacy of ADAR pathway in 21 S. boydii strains obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) along with strains of S. flexneri (n = 7). S. sonnei (n = 4), and S. dysenteriae (n = 2). The eight S. boydii strains were able to induce ADAR to survive the acid challenge at pH 2.0; additional 8 strains could tolerate acid challenge at pH 2.5 but not at pH 2.0. The remaining five S. boydii strains were not able to induce ADAR pathway and could not survive acid challenge even at pH 2.5. ADAR pathway also appears lobe present in all four Shigella sp. Shigella ADAR pathway was induced when cells were grown under partial oxygen pressure while its expression in E. coli required mere fermentative growth on glucose. C1 [Goh, Kelvin; Chua, Darren; Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beck, Brian; McKee, Marian L.] ATCC, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 193 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s00203-010-0656-7 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 733BS UT WOS:000288236000004 PM 21136041 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Sun, Q Wang, R Feng, J Lin, F Cui, N Chen, XM Xu, SC Bai, YL Xu, XD AF Gao, Y. Sun, Q. Wang, R. Feng, J. Lin, F. Cui, N. Chen, X. M. Xu, S. C. Bai, Y. L. Xu, X. D. TI Inheritance of Stripe Rust Resistance to Predominant Chinese Races in Six Spring Wheat Cultivars from the Pacific Northwest of the United States SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE genetic analysis; stripe rust; Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici; resistance gene; wheat ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; GENES AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks., is a major disease that causes substantial losses to wheat production worldwide. The utilization of effective resistance genes in wheat cultivars is the preferred control of the disease. To study the inheritance of all-stage resistance in spring wheat cultivars Louise, WA008016, Express, Solano, Alturas and Zak from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States, the six cultivars were crossed with the Chinese susceptible variety Taichung 29. Single-spore isolates of CYR32 and CYR33, the predominant Chinese races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, were used to evaluate F(1), F(2) and BC(1) generations for stripe rust resistance under controlled greenhouse conditions. Genetic analysis determined that Louise had one dominant resistance gene to CYR32, temporarily designated as YrLou. WA008016 had two dominant and one recessive resistance genes to CYR32, temporarily designated as YrWA1, YrWA2 and YrWA3, respectively. Express had a single recessive gene that conferred resistance to CYR32, temporarily designated as YrExp3. The two independent dominant genes in Solano conferring resistance to CYR32 were temporarily designated as YrSol1 and YrSol2. Alturas had two recessive genes for resistance to CYR32, temporarily designated as YrAlt1 and YrAlt2. Zak has one dominant gene for resistance to CYR33, temporarily designated as YrZak1. These six cultivars can be important resistance sources in Chinese wheat stripe rust resistance breeding. C1 [Gao, Y.; Sun, Q.; Lin, F.; Cui, N.; Bai, Y. L.; Xu, X. D.] Shenyang Agr Univ, Biotechnol & Biosci Coll, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Feng, J.; Xu, S. C.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Gao, Y.; Wang, R.] NW A&F Univ, Agron Coll, Yangling 712100, Shanaxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lin, F (reprint author), Shenyang Agr Univ, Biotechnol & Biosci Coll, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, Peoples R China. EM fenglinsn@126.com; shichangxu317@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30971778]; National Science and Technology Support project [2006BAD02A16, 2006BAD08A05, 2006BAD13B02]; '973' project [2006CB100200]; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests [2008.1-2008.12] FX This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (project No.: 30971778), National Science and Technology Support project (2006BAD02A16, 2006BAD08A05 and 2006BAD13B02), '973' project (2006CB100200), and State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests open fund project (2008.1-2008.12). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1556/CRC.39.2011.1.5 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 732DC UT WOS:000288163200005 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Parker, PE Cook, AZ Graham, JH Gottwald, TR AF Bock, C. H. Parker, P. E. Cook, A. Z. Graham, J. H. Gottwald, T. R. TI Infection and decontamination of citrus canker-inoculated leaf surfaces SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Infection; Citrus canker; Inoculum; Disease spread; Quaternary ammonium; Amines; Personnel sprayers ID AXONOPODIS PV.-CITRI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; EPIPHYTIC FITNESS; WIND-SPEED; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; EFFICACY; VIRULENCE; BIOFILM AB Citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, Xcc) is now considered endemic in Florida and continues to spread. Various surfaces, including plant material, personnel and equipment can become contaminated. Decontamination is practiced in both disease-endemic and disease-free areas to reduce the risk of bacterial spread by man or machinery. We used grapefruit leaf surfaces to explore the efficacy of a commonly used personnel sprayer system applying a quaternary amine decontaminant. In three experiments, plants in flush (leaves 3/4 expanded) were inoculated (similar to 10(5) CFU ml(-1)). Immediately after inoculation, plants were passed through the sprayers 0, 1, 2, 3, or 6 times. Leaves were sampled at 0.5, 10 and 20 min after decontamination and tested for viable Xcc by dilution plating. There was a large and rapid decline in the quantity of live bacteria with one pass through the decontamination sprayer (> 80% decrease in CFU ml(-1)), and multiple sprays (2-6) resulted in up to 100% mortality of surface Xcc. Presumably more thorough coverage with multiple sprays killed remnant bacteria, although the first spray invariably caused the highest proportion of population mortality. The effect of the decontaminant spray was immediate (within 0.5 min only 3-11% of surface bacteria survived, and by 20 min < 1-3% survived). Based on these results, use of a personnel sprayer with a quaternary amine compound is highly effective for reducing surface inoculum. A single spray kills a high proportion of the population, but multiple sprays increase mortality of Xcc. All the Xcc-inoculated plants subsequently developed symptoms of citrus canker. No significant difference in incidence or severity of grapefruit leaf infection was detected among decontamination treatments or compared to the untreated control. This finding indicates that infection occurred at, or very soon after, inoculation, and that Xcc was in protected sites inside the leaf before exposure to the decontaminant spray. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bock, C. H.; Graham, J. H.] Univ Florida, IFAS, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Parker, P. E.; Cook, A. Z.] USDA, APHIS PPQ, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clive.bock@ars.usda.gov RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 FU Florida Citrus Production and Research Advisory Council FX This research was supported by the Florida Citrus Production and Research Advisory Council. Any mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.10.001 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 733YC UT WOS:000288299400004 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Davies, KW Sharp, RN AF Bates, Jonathan D. Davies, Kirk W. Sharp, Robert N. TI Shrub-Steppe Early Succession Following Juniper Cutting and Prescribed Fire SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bunchgrass; Cheatgrass; Juniperus occidentalis; Mountain big sagebrush; Secondary succession; Western snowberry ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN JUNIPER; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; HABITAT TYPES; SOIL-EROSION; CANOPY COVER AB Pinus-Juniperus L. (Pion-juniper) woodlands of the western United States have expanded in area nearly 10-fold since the late 1800's. Juniperus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Hook. (western juniper) dominance in sagebrush steppe has several negative consequences, including reductions in herbaceous production and diversity, decreased wildlife habitat, and higher erosion and runoff potentials. Prescribed fire and mechanical tree removal are the main methods used to control J. occidentalis and restore sagebrush steppe. However, mature woodlands become difficult to prescribe burn because of the lack of understory fuels. We evaluated partial cutting of the woodlands (cutting 25-50% of the trees) to increase surface fuels, followed by prescribed fire treatments in late successional J. occidentalis woodlands of southwest Idaho to assess understory recovery. The study was conducted in two different plant associations and evaluated what percentage of the woodland required preparatory cutting to eliminate remaining J. occidentalis by prescribed fire, determined the impacts of fire to understory species, and examined early post-fire successional dynamics. The study demonstrated that late successional J. occidentalis woodlands can be burned after pre-cutting only a portion of the trees. Early succession in the cut-and-burn treatments were dominated by native annual and perennial forbs, in part due to high mortality of perennial bunchgrasses. By the third year after fire the number of establishing perennial grass seedlings indicated that both associations would achieve full herbaceous recovery. Cutting-prescribed fire combinations are an effective means for controlling encroaching late successional J. occidentalis and restoring herbaceous plant communities. However, land managers should recognize that there are potential problems associated with cutting-prescribed fire applications when invasive weeds are present. C1 [Bates, Jonathan D.; Davies, Kirk W.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR USA. [Sharp, Robert N.] Burns Dist Off, Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Burns, OR USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu FU Agricultural Research Service; state of Idaho; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station FX The research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, private landowners, and the state of Idaho. Many thanks are extended to the Tim and Bill Lowry (Jordan Valley, Oregon) and Idaho Department of State Lands for providing their properties for conducting the study. We recognize the many student summer range technicians who assisted in the field and laboratory for the study: K Adams, J Anderson, J Duchene, E Ersch, K Haile, J Hobbs, R Kessler, K Mumm, J Pyrse, E Rhodes, B Smith, J Svejcar, M Villagrana, C Williams, and L Zeigenhagen. Almost all tree cutting was done by one of the best timber fallers in Oregon, Steve Basey. Dustin Johnson and Claire Poulson were invaluable in fire application and fire control. In addition, we would like to thank Dr. Chad Boyd, Dr. Dave Ganskopp, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA-ARS, Oregon State University, or the authors and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products. NR 74 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 468 EP 481 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9629-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 733IT UT WOS:000288257100012 PM 21344252 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Homans, FR Horie, T Mehta, SV Smith, DJ Venette, RC AF Haight, Robert G. Homans, Frances R. Horie, Tetsuya Mehta, Shefali V. Smith, David J. Venette, Robert C. TI Assessing the Cost of an Invasive Forest Pathogen: A Case Study with Oak Wilt SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pest risk analysis; Impact analysis; Pest invasion; Economic impact assessment ID CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; IMPACTS; PREVENTION; FUNGUS; RISK; US AB Economic assessment of damage caused by invasive alien species provides useful information to consider when determining whether management programs should be established, modified, or discontinued. We estimate the baseline economic damage from an invasive alien pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, a fungus that causes oak wilt, which is a significant disease of oaks (Quercus spp.) in the central United States. We focus on Anoka County, Minnesota, a 1,156 km(2) mostly urban county in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan region. We develop a landscape-level model of oak wilt spread that accounts for underground and overland pathogen transmission. We predict the economic damage of tree mortality from oak wilt spread in the absence of management during the period 2007-2016. Our metric of economic damage is removal cost, which is one component of the total economic loss from tree mortality. We estimate that Anoka County has 5.92 million oak trees and 885 active oak wilt pockets covering 5.47 km(2) in 2007. The likelihood that landowners remove infected oaks varies by land use and ranges from 86% on developed land to 57% on forest land. Over the next decade, depending on the rates of oak wilt pocket establishment and expansion, 76-266 thousand trees will be infected with discounted removal cost of $18-60 million. Although our predictions of removal costs are substantial, they are lower bounds on the total economic loss from tree mortality because we do not estimate economic losses from reduced services and increased hazards. Our predictions suggest that there are significant economic benefits, in terms of damage reduction, from preventing new pocket establishment or slowing the radial growth of existing pockets. C1 [Haight, Robert G.; Venette, Robert C.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Homans, Frances R.; Horie, Tetsuya; Mehta, Shefali V.; Smith, David J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Horie, Tetsuya] Sophia Univ, Ctr Environm & Trade Res, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028554, Japan. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rhaight@fs.fed.us; fhomans@umn.edu; tetsuya.horie@sophia.ac.jp; meht0038@umn.edu; smit1260@umn.edu; rvenette@fs.fed.us FU Economic Research Service's (USDA) [58-7000-6-0081]; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX We are grateful to Susan Burks of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for providing the oak wilt data. We thank Juliann Aukema, Susan Frankel, Jenny Juzwik, Abby Walter, Lynne Westphal and two anonymous referees for comments and contributions to earlier drafts of the manuscript. This article was partially produced under a co-operative agreement (number 58-7000-6-0081) with the Economic Research Service's (USDA) PREISM invasive species management program. This research has also been supported in part by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, and is a product of a Distributed Graduate Seminar on Forest Pests and Pathogens organized by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), which is funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We are grateful to Juliann Aukema and Erica Fleishman for their coordination of this seminar. Authors are listed in alphabetical order. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the USDA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 506 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9624-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 733IT UT WOS:000288257100015 PM 21331653 ER PT J AU Hartman, GL West, ED Herman, TK AF Hartman, Glen L. West, Ellen D. Herman, Theresa K. TI Crops that feed the World 2. Soybean-worldwide production, use, and constraints caused by pathogens and pests SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Soybean; Soybean production; Abiotic and biotic constraints ID SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; RED LEAF BLOTCH; RUST PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; RESISTANCE GENES; APHID HOMOPTERA; DACTULIOCHAETA-GLYCINES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONFERS RESISTANCE; SOY ISOFLAVONES; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB The soybean crop is one of the most important crops worldwide. Soybean seeds are important for both protein meal and vegetable oil. The crop is grown on an estimated 6% of the world's arable land, and since the 1970s, the area in soybean production has the highest percentage increase compared to any other major crop. Recent increases in production coincide with increases in demand for meal and oil. Soybean production was 17 million metric tons (MMT) in 1960 and increased to 230 MMT in 2008. Future soybean production is expected to increase more than other crops, due to expanded production area and higher yields. There are a number of important abiotic and biotic constraints that threaten soybean production by directly reducing seed yields and/or seed quality. Abiotic constraints include extremes in nutrients, temperatures and moisture. These may reduce production directly, but also indirectly through increases in pathogens and pests. Biotic constraints tend to be geographically and environmentally restricted. Some diseases like soybean rust may be explosive by producing copious amounts of air-borne spores. This disease, more so than most, caused great concern when first found invading soybean production areas in Brazil and the United States of America. In contrast, red leaf blotch is a disease restricted to a few countries in Africa, but deserving attention since it has not been intensely studied and adequate management strategies, such as the use of resistant varieties, are not available. Significant losses in soybean yield beyond current levels may have implications for food security because of our dependence on the soybean crop, directly and indirectly for food products. In addition, because the crop is highly nutritious and versatile it offers resources to address world food issues through current and future utilization practices. Future soybean production is expected to increase in proportion to increased demand, and with application of newer genomic technologies, the crop has enormous potential to improve dietary quality for people throughout the world whether consumed as a vegetable crop or processed into various soybean food products. C1 [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.; West, Ellen D.; Herman, Theresa K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu RI Habe, Neusa/D-6316-2011 FU Illinois Soybean Association; North Central Soybean Research Program; Richard H. and Elizabeth Hageman Endowed Graduate Research Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank the following agencies that provided financial support: Illinois Soybean Association, North Central Soybean Research Program, and the Richard H. and Elizabeth Hageman Endowed Graduate Research Fellowship. We also thank B. A. Bair, J. S. Haudenshield, and C. B. Hill for there contributions in providing images and/or suggestions to the manuscript. NR 104 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 8 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s12571-010-0108-x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 730JB UT WOS:000288028500001 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Carter, BH Farrow, RL Islas, A Hagevoort, GR Friend, TH Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Carter, Boone H. Farrow, Russell L. Islas, Alfonso Hagevoort, G. Robert Friend, Ted H. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Influence of Weaning on Fecal Shedding of Pathogenic Bacteria in Dairy Calves SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; PERFORMANCE-MEASURES; UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL-STATUS; STRESS; CATTLE; IMMUNE; HERDS; PIGS AB The objectives of the current research were to determine the effect of weaning on fecal shedding of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy calves and to examine cultured isolates (to include Enterococcus) for antimicrobial susceptibility. This research was conducted on one large commercial dairy (> 3000 head) in the southwestern United States. Two collections were made, during the winter (January 2009) and summer (July 2009) seasons. For the winter collection, two groups of calves were sampled (group 1: n = 18 pens, 69 head, similar to 12 weeks of age; group 2: n = 19 pens, 75 head, similar to 10 weeks of age). Fecal samples were collected from all calves via rectal palpation 2 days pre- and again 2 days postweaning. For the summer collection, one group of calves housed in 40 pens were utilized and 79 and 76 calves sampled 7 days pre- and 5 days postweaning, respectively. Fecal samples were collected into sterile palpation sleeves, placed on ice, and shipped to our laboratory for bacterial culture of E. coli O157: H7, Salmonella, and Enterococcus. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined on select isolates. No differences (p > 0.10) in prevalence of Salmonella or E. coli O157: H7 were observed due to weaning in the winter collection. In the summer collection, more (p < 0.01) fecal samples were Salmonella positive preweaning (15.2%) as compared to postweaning (2.6%). No differences were observed for antimicrobial susceptibility in isolates collected pre- as compared to postweaning in either winter or summer collections, with the exception that multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates preweaning were resistant to six antibiotics compared to seven or eight antibiotics postweaning (summer collection). Results of the current research indicate that the weaning of dairy calves does not increase the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria or substantially modify antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these bacteria. C1 [Edrington, Tom S.; Farrow, Russell L.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Carter, Boone H.; Islas, Alfonso] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hagevoort, G. Robert] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Clovis, NM USA. [Friend, Ted H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tom.edrington@ars.usda.gov FU Food Animal Concerns Trust FX A portion of this research was funded by the Food Animal Concerns Trust. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0686 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 731OP UT WOS:000288119300007 PM 21381971 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Chaney-Pope, K Smith, JL AF Bhaduri, Saumya Chaney-Pope, Kenyetta Smith, James L. TI A Procedure for Monitoring the Presence of the Virulence Plasmid (pYV) in Yersinia pestis Under Culture Conditions SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CRYSTAL VIOLET BINDING; PCR DETECTION; ENTEROCOLITICA; PLAGUE; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; SEROTYPES; SAMPLES AB The pathogenicity of Yersinia pestis depends on the presence of a virulence plasmid (pYV). The unstable nature of pYV in Y. pestis leads to the eventual outgrowth of pYV-less cells due to its higher growth rate. Thus, it was necessary to develop procedures to monitor the presence of the plasmid during cultivation, storage, and laboratory manipulations. A procedure was developed to monitor the presence of pYV in Y. pestis by using low calcium response and Congo red binding techniques. The selection of pYV in the isolated clones was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and by expression of pYV-associated phenotypes. Thus, using this procedure, low calcium response-Congo red-positive clones can be isolated for use in the development of growth models of virulent Y. pestis in food. C1 [Bhaduri, Saumya; Chaney-Pope, Kenyetta; Smith, James L.] ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM saumya.bhaduri@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0663 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 731OP UT WOS:000288119300017 PM 21034234 ER PT J AU Aalsburg, AM Erdman, MM AF Aalsburg, Alan M. Erdman, Matthew M. TI Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Genotyping of Taylorella equigenitalis Isolates Collected in the United States from 1978 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS; GENITAL INFECTION; HETEROGENEOUS GENOTYPES; GENOMIC DNA; STRAINS; MARES; ASINIGENITALIS; HORSES; FRAGMENTS; DONKEYS AB Taylorella equigenitalis is the etiologic agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM), a venereal disease of horses. A total of 82 strains of T. equigenitalis isolated in the United States were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion of genomic DNA with restriction enzyme ApaI. Twenty-eight of those strains isolated from horses in the 2009 U.S. outbreak (CEM09) were further analyzed with NotI and NaeI enzymes. When ApaI alone was used for analysis, the 82 isolates clustered into 15 different genotypes that clearly defined groups of horses with known epidemiological connections. The PFGE profiles of the CEM09 isolates were indistinguishable after digestion with ApaI, NotI, and NaeI and did not match those of isolates from previous U.S. outbreaks in 1978 and 2006 or of any other isolate from the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) culture library. Coupled with the fact that the CEM09 isolates are epidemiologically related, these results suggest a common source for the outbreak not linked to previous occurrences of CEM in the United States. C1 [Aalsburg, Alan M.; Erdman, Matthew M.] USDA, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Erdman, MM (reprint author), USDA, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM matthew.m.erdman@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1128/JCM.00956-10 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 729RA UT WOS:000287967100011 PM 21191049 ER PT J AU Pradhan, AK Mitchell, RM Kramer, AJ Zurakowski, MJ Fyock, TL Whitlock, RH Smith, JM Hovingh, E Van Kessel, JAS Karns, JS Schukken, YH AF Pradhan, Abani K. Mitchell, Rebecca M. Kramer, Aagje J. Zurakowski, Michael J. Fyock, Terry L. Whitlock, Robert H. Smith, Julia M. Hovingh, Ernest Van Kessel, Jo Ann S. Karns, Jeffrey S. Schukken, Ynte H. TI Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in a Longitudinal Study of Three Dairy Herds SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOHNES-DISEASE STATUS; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INFECTION STATUS; CATTLE; COWS; SEQUENCE; CULTURE; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate whether cows that were low shedders of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were passively shedding or truly infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. We also investigated whether it is possible that these M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected animals could have been infected as adults by contemporary high-shedding animals (supershedders). The M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates were obtained from a longitudinal study of three dairy herds in the northeastern United States. Isolates were selected from fecal samples and tissues at slaughter from all animals that were culture positive at the same time that supershedders were present in the herds. Shedding levels (CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis/g of feces) for the animals at each culture-positive occasion were determined. Using a multilocus short-sequence-repeat technique, we found 15 different strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from a total of 142 isolates analyzed. Results indicated herd-specific infection patterns; there was a clonal infection in herd C, with 89% of isolates from animals sharing the same strain, whereas herds A and B showed several different strains infecting the animals at the same time. Tissues from 80% of cows with at least one positive fecal culture (other than supershedders) were culture positive, indicating a true M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. The results of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain typing and observed shedding levels showed that at least 50% of low shedders have the same strain as that of a contemporary supershedder. Results of this study suggest that in a dairy herd, more of the low-shedding cows are truly infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis than are passively shedding M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The sharing of strains between low shedders and the contemporary supershedders suggests that low shedders may have been infected by environmental exposure of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. C1 [Pradhan, Abani K.; Mitchell, Rebecca M.; Zurakowski, Michael J.; Schukken, Ynte H.] Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kramer, Aagje J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Fyock, Terry L.; Whitlock, Robert H.] Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Smith, Julia M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Hovingh, Ernest] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Van Kessel, Jo Ann S.; Karns, Jeffrey S.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pradhan, AK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, POB 5786,240 Farrier Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM akp49@cornell.edu RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 FU USDA ARS [58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158, 58-1265-4-020, 58-1265-8-064]; Johne's Disease Integrated Program (JDIP; USDA) [45105]; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2007-35204-18391] FX This project was supported in part by the USDA ARS (agreements 58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158, 58-1265-4-020, and 58-1265-8-064) for the Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance (RDQMA), the Johne's Disease Integrated Program (JDIP; USDA contract 45105), and USDA-CSREES-NRI award 2007-35204-18391. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 893 EP 901 DI 10.1128/JCM.01107-10 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 729RA UT WOS:000287967100021 PM 21209171 ER PT J AU King, KW Balogh, JC AF King, K. W. Balogh, J. C. TI Stream water nutrient enrichment in a mixed-use watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GOLF COURSE; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITRATE-NITROGEN; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; EXPORT COEFFICIENTS; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; COASTAL-PLAIN; SURFACE-WATER AB Eutrophic conditions, in both saline and freshwater systems, result from nutrient export from upstream watersheds. The objective of this study was to quantify the surface runoff losses of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) resulting from prevailing practices on a managed golf course. Inflow and outflow discharge waters on a sub-area of Northland Country Club (NCC) located in Duluth, Minnesota were measured for both quantity and quality from April through November from 2003 to 2008. Nutrient losses were detectable throughout the year, had a seasonal trend, and routinely exceeded recommended levels to minimize eutrophication. The median outflow TN concentration (1.04 mg L-1) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the median inflow (0.81 mg L-1) concentration. Similarly, the median outflow TP concentration (0.03 mg L-1) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the median inflow concentration (0.02 mg L-1). Maximum recorded concentrations during the study period were 1.9 mg L-1 NO3-N, 3.93 mg L-1 TN, 0.34 mg L-1 DRP, and 1.11 mg L-1 TP. Mean annual export coefficients at NCC were 0.7 kg ha(-1) NO3-N (1.7% of applied), 4.43 kg ha(-1) TN (10.7% of applied), 0.14 kg ha(-1) DRP (2.6% of applied), and 0.25 kg ha(-1) TP (4.6% of applied). The findings of this study highlight the need for adopting conservation practices aimed at reducing offsite nutrient transport. C1 [King, K. W.] ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Balogh, J. C.] Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kevin.king@ars.usda.gov FU US Golf Association Green Section FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Sara Beth Scadlock, Ivy Leland, Emily Burgess, and Heather McMains in the data collection and processing necessary to complete this manuscript. Without their dedication, perseverance, and attention to detail this study would not have been possible. We acknowledge and sincerely thank Ms Ann Kemble and Mr Jeff Risley for their technical support with respect to sample preparation and to Mr Eric Fischer for his analytical expertise. The authors are also indebted to Dave Kolbry (past superintendent), Christopher Tritabaugh (current superintendent), and Jacob Ryan (current assistant superintendent) for granting us access to the course and sharing their management strategies and records. We would also like to thank the members of NCC for their insight into recognizing the importance of this research and their willingness to permit us to conduct this study on their course. We also acknowledge and thank the US Golf Association Green Section for their support and financial contributions to the study. NR 95 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 EI 1464-0333 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1039/c0em00584c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 732CH UT WOS:000288160200028 PM 21290044 ER PT J AU Luo, YG Nou, XW Yang, Y Alegre, I Turner, E Feng, H Abadias, M Conway, W AF Luo, Yaguang Nou, Xiangwu Yang, Yang Alegre, Isabel Turner, Ellen Feng, Hao Abadias, Maribel Conway, William TI Determination of Free Chlorine Concentrations Needed To Prevent Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cross-Contamination during Fresh-Cut Produce Wash SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ICEBERG LETTUCE; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; WATER; O157-H7; O157H7; SURVIVAL; SPINACH; GROWTH; DISINFECTION; VEGETABLES AB This study was conducted to investigate the effect of free chlorine concentrations in wash water on Escherichia coli O157:H7 reduction, survival, and transference during washing of fresh-cut lettuce. The effectiveness of rewashing for inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on newly cross-contaminated produce previously washed with solutions containing an insufficient amount of chlorine also was assessed. Results indicate that solutions containing a minimum of 0.5 mg/liter free chlorine were effective for inactivating E. coli O157:H7 in suspension to below the detection level. However, the presence of 1 mg/liter free chlorine in the wash solution before washing was insufficient to prevent E. coli O157:H7 survival and transfer during washing because the introduction of cut lettuce to the wash system quickly depleted the free chlorine. Although no E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the wash solution containing 5 mg/liter free chlorine before washing a mix of inoculated and uninoculated lettuce, low numbers of E. coli O157:H7 cells were detected on uninoculated lettuce in four of the seven experimental trials. When the prewash free chlorine concentration was increased to 10 mg/liter or greater, no E. coli O157:H7 transfer was detected. Furthermore, although rewashing newly cross-contaminated lettuce in 50 mg/liter free chlorine for 30 s significantly reduced (P = 0.002) the E. coli O157:H7 populations, it failed to eliminate E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce. This finding suggests that rewashing is not an effective way to correct for process failure, and maintaining a sufficient free chlorine concentration in the wash solution is critical for preventing pathogen cross-contamination. C1 [Luo, Yaguang; Nou, Xiangwu; Yang, Yang; Turner, Ellen] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alegre, Isabel; Abadias, Maribel] XaRTA Postharvest, Ctr UdL IRTA, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. [Feng, Hao] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Conway, William] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yaguang.luo@ars.usda.gov RI Abadias, Maribel/J-9386-2012; Alegre, Isabel/D-3799-2013 OI Abadias, Maribel/0000-0003-0113-8979; NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 28 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 74 IS 3 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-429 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 734DK UT WOS:000288313200001 PM 21375869 ER PT J AU Clotilde, LM Bernard, C Hartman, GL Lau, DK Carter, JM AF Clotilde, Laurie M. Bernard, Clay Hartman, Gary L. Lau, David K. Carter, J. Mark TI Microbead-Based Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Shiga Toxins and Isolation of Escherichia coli O157 in Foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SUSPENSION ARRAY TECHNOLOGY; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; BIOSENSOR; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; NOVOBIOCIN; PROTEINS AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a significant foodborne pathogen with great economic consequences. There has been an increased food safety concern with this organism since outbreaks of human illnesses caused by this pathogen were first reported in 1982. Therefore, developing a reliable, sensitive, and rapid assay capable of detecting E. call O157 and the main toxins produced by STEC (i.e., Shiga toxins 1 [Stx(1)] and 2 [Stx(2)]) will directly benefit regulatory agencies by minimizing analysis time. Here, we use Luminex technology to detect multiple analytes in a single 50-ml sample. Using commercially available monoclonal antibodies coupled to carboxylated magnetic microbeads, we developed an immunoassay capable of simultaneously serotyping E. coli O157 and detecting Stx(1) and/or Stx(2). The specificity and sensitivity of this immunoassay was tested against a collection of 34 E. call isolates belonging to various O serogroups phenotypically different for Stx. The results were compared with microplate sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and no cross-reactivity was observed for any of the monoclonal antibodies used. An increased sensitivity up to 1,000 times was observed in the microbead-based immunoassay when compared with the microplate sandwich ELISA. The results indicate that Luminex technology has the potential to simultaneously detect multiple targets without loss of specificity and/or sensitivity. A blind experiment was conducted with 48 samples of ground beef, lettuce, and milk spiked with <= 2 CFU/g E. coli. All the samples were correctly identified, with no false positives or false negatives. This microbead-based immunoassay could be extended to simultaneously detect additional foodborne pathogens and their toxic markers. C1 [Clotilde, Laurie M.; Bernard, Clay; Carter, J. Mark] Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hartman, Gary L.; Lau, David K.] US FDA, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. RP Carter, JM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM j.mark.carter@ars.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [108, 5325-42000-043-00] FX The work presented in this article was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Program 108, under Current Research Information System 5325-42000-043-00. We thank Drs. Robert Mandrell and Beatriz Quinones (USDA-ARS, Produce Safety Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, CA) for providing STEC strains. We thank Drs. Larry Stanker, David Brandon. and Robert Hnasko (USDA-ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Research Unit, Albany CA) for technical advice. We thank Henry Lau, Lillian Hsu, Myriam Lonhienne, Robert Gee, and You Jin Lee for technical assistance. We thank the Bio-Rad BioPlex team for repairing our Luminex instrument. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 58 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 74 IS 3 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-344 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 734DK UT WOS:000288313200004 PM 21375872 ER PT J AU Porto-Fett, ACS Campano, SG Call, JE Shoyer, BA Yoder, L Gartner, K Tufft, L Oser, A Lee, J Luchansky, JB AF Porto-Fett, A. C. S. Campano, S. G. Call, J. E. Shoyer, B. A. Yoder, L. Gartner, K. Tufft, L. Oser, A. Lee, J. Luchansky, J. B. TI Validation of Food-Grade Salts of Organic Acids as Ingredients To Control Listeria monocytogenes on Pork Scrapple during Extended Refrigerated Storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LACTATE-SODIUM DIACETATE; POTASSIUM LACTATE; BEEF BOLOGNA; LAURIC ARGINATE; VACUUM PACKAGES; COOKED HAM; SLICED HAM; GROWTH; FRANKFURTERS; ANTIMICROBIALS AB This study was conducted to investigate control of Listeria monocytogenes on pork scrapple during storage at 4 degrees C. In phase I, scrapple was formulated, with or without citrate-diacetate (0.64%), by a commercial processor to contain various solutions or blends of the following antimicrobials: (i) lactate-diacetate (3.0 or 4.0%), (ii) lactate-diacetate-propionate (2.0 or 2.5%), and (iii) levulinate (2.0 or 2.5%). Regardless of whether citrate-diacetate was included in the formulation, without the subsequent addition of the targeted antimicrobials pathogen levels increased ca. 6.4 log CFU/g within the 50-day storage period. In the absence of citrate-diacetate but when the targeted antimicrobials were included in the formulation, pathogen numbers increased by ca. 1.3 to 5.2 log CFU/g, whereas when citrate-diacetate was included with these antimicrobials, pathogen numbers increased only by ca. 0.7 to 2.3 log CFU/g. In phase IT, in the absence of citrate-diacetate, when the pH of the lactate-diacetate-propionate blend (2.5%) was adjusted to pH 5.0 or 5.5 pathogen numbers remained unchanged (<= 0.5 log CFU/g increase) over 50 days, whereas when citrate-diacetate was included with the lactate-diacetate-propionate blend adjusted to pH 5.0 or 5.5, pathogen numbers decreased by 0.3 to 0.8 log CFU/g. In phase 111, when lower concentrations of the lactate-diacetate-propionate blend (1.5 or 1.94%) were adjusted to pH 5.5, pathogen numbers increased by ca. 6.0 and 4.7 log CFU/g, respectively, whereas when the mixture was adjusted to pH 5.0, pathogen numbers increased by <= 0.62 log CFU/g. Thus, scrapple formulated with lactate-diacetate-propionate (1.5 and 1.94% at pH 5.0) is an unfavorable environment for outgrowth of L. monocytogenes. C1 [Call, J. E.; Shoyer, B. A.; Luchansky, J. B.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Porto-Fett, A. C. S.; Oser, A.] Oser Technol, Blacksville, WV 26521 USA. [Campano, S. G.] Hawkins Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA. [Yoder, L.; Gartner, K.; Tufft, L.] Hatfield Qual Meats, Hatfield, PA 19440 USA. [Lee, J.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM john.luchansky@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Hatfield Quality Meats, Hawkins, Inc.; Oser Technologies FX We extend our sincere appreciation to Rosemary Martinjuk, Nelly Osoria, Deena Ghazzi, Trang Nguyen, John Phillips, Sarah Wadsworth, and Marisol Castaneda (USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA) and Phil Handel and Andrew Miller (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA) for their assistance on this project. This research was supported, in part, by Cooperative Research and Development Agreements and/or Trust Fund Agreements between the USDA-ARS (with J. B. Luchansky) and Hatfield Quality Meats, Hawkins, Inc., and Oser Technologies. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 74 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-425 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 734DK UT WOS:000288313200007 PM 21375875 ER PT J AU McCoy, E Morrison, J Cook, V Johnston, J Eblen, D Guo, CF AF McCoy, Erica Morrison, Jamie Cook, Victor Johnston, John Eblen, Denise Guo, Chuanfa TI Foodborne Agents Associated with the Consumption of Aquaculture Catfish SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID BOTULINUM TYPE-E; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; RAISED CHANNEL CATFISH; RED SWAMP CRAYFISH; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SMOKED FISH; EDWARDSIELLA-TARDA; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA AB In the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act (Farm Bill) of 2008, Congress amended the Federal Meat Inspection Act to provide that catfish be inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). As part of the development of its inspection program, the FSIS conducted an assessment of the food safety risk associated with consuming farm-raised catfish. To thoroughly identify hazards for consideration in the risk assessment, the scientific literature was surveyed for all potential agents that have been linked to illness associated with farm-raised catfish consumption. A review of microbial hazards suggested that Salmonella is the foodborne pathogen most likely to be associated with catfish, but the impact of other pathogens remains unclear. This review also summarizes the current data available on chemical residues in catfish, including pesticides and heavy metals, and any regulatory levels that have been established for these compounds. The current usage of veterinary drugs in aquaculture also is outlined, including information on unapproved usage of drugs in catfish. C1 [McCoy, Erica; Morrison, Jamie; Cook, Victor; Johnston, John; Eblen, Denise; Guo, Chuanfa] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Guo, CF (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM chuanfa.guo@fsis.usda.gov RI Ascencio, Beatriz/F-8627-2011; Koustas, Erica/F-5407-2012 NR 135 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 74 IS 3 BP 500 EP 516 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-341 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 734DK UT WOS:000288313200022 PM 21375890 ER PT J AU Estevez, C King, DJ Luo, M Yu, QZ AF Estevez, Carlos King, Daniel J. Luo, Ming Yu, Qingzhong TI A single amino acid substitution in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of Newcastle disease virus results in increased fusion promotion and decreased neuraminidase activities without changes in virus pathotype SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINDING-SITE; MEMBRANE-FUSION; RECEPTOR; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION; STRAINS AB Attachment of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) to the host cell is mediated by the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), a multifunctional protein that has receptor recognition, neuraminidase (NA) and fusion promotion activities. The process that connects receptor binding and fusion triggering is poorly understood and amino acid residues important for the functions of the protein remain to be fully determined. During the process of generating an infectious clone of the Anhinga strain of NDV, we were able to rescue a NDV with highly increased fusogenic activity in vitro and decreased haemagglutinating activity, as compared with the wild-type parental strain. Sequencing of this recombinant virus showed a single mutation at amino acid position 192 of the HN protein (Ile -> Met). In the present study, we characterized that single amino acid substitution (I192M) in three strains of NDV by assessing the NA activity and fusogenic potential of the mutated versus wild-type proteins in cell cultures. The original recombinant NDV harbouring the mutation in the HN gene was also used to characterize the phenotype of the virus in cell cultures, embryonated chicken eggs and day-old chickens. Mutation I192M results in low NA activity and highly increased cell fusion in vitro, without changes in the viral pathotype of recombinant viruses harbouring the mutation in vivo. The results obtained suggest that multiple regions of the HN-protein globular head are important for fusion promotion, and that wild-type levels of NA activity are not absolutely required for viral infection. C1 [Estevez, Carlos; King, Daniel J.; Yu, Qingzhong] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Luo, Ming] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Yu, QZ (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM qingzhong.yu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6612-32000-049-00D] FX The authors wish to thank Timothy Olivier and Xiuqin Xia for outstanding technical assistance, Joyce Bennett and Melissa Scott for automatic nucleotide sequencing and Bernard Moss for the gifts of TM1 expression plasmid and MVA/T7 recombinant virus. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-049-00D. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 BP 544 EP 551 DI 10.1099/vir.0.027540-0 PN 3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 734CL UT WOS:000288310700007 PM 21123551 ER PT J AU Niikura, M Kim, T Silva, RF Dodgson, J Cheng, HH AF Niikura, Masahiro Kim, Taejoong Silva, Robert F. Dodgson, Jerry Cheng, Hans H. TI Virulent Marek's disease virus generated from infectious bacterial artificial chromosome clones with complete DNA sequence and the implication of viral genetic homogeneity in pathogenesis SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID U(L)13 PROTEIN-KINASE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; CYTOLYTIC INFECTION; CELL-CULTURE; PLUS STRAIN; UL3.5; CLUSTER; UL1; IDENTIFICATION AB Genetic homogeneity of a test population is essential to precisely associate a viral genome sequence and its phenotype at the nucleotide level. However, homogeneity is not easy to achieve for Marek's disease virus (MDV) due to its strictly cell-associated replication. To address this problem, two virulent infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of MDV were generated from an MDV genome previously cloned as five overlapping cosmids. The Md5SN5BAC clone has the BAC vector inserted between the 3' ends of UL3 and UL4, such that no known ORFs should be disrupted. The BAC vector is flanked by loxP sites, so that it can be deleted from the viral genome by transfecting Md5SN5BAC into a newly developed chicken cell line that constitutively expresses Cre recombinase. The Md5B40BAC clone has the BAC vector replacing a portion of US2, a location similar to that used by other groups to construct MDV-BAC clones. Although both BACs were capable of producing infectious virulent MDV when inoculated into susceptible chickens, Md5B40BAC-derived viruses showed somewhat better replication in vivo and higher virulence. Removal of the BAC vector in Md5SN5BAC-derived viruses had no influence on virulence. Interestingly, when genetically homogeneous virulent MDV generated from Md5B40BAC was mixed with avirulent virus, the overall virulence of the mixed population was noticeably compromised, which emphasizes the importance of MDV population complexity in pathogenesis. C1 [Niikura, Masahiro; Kim, Taejoong; Silva, Robert F.; Cheng, Hans H.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Niikura, Masahiro; Dodgson, Jerry] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Niikura, Masahiro] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Niikura, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM niikura@sfu.ca FU USDA NRI [2002-03407]; NSERC; Simon Fraser University FX We thank Laurie Molitor, Tom Goodwill and Lonnie Milan for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by USDA NRI grant #2002-03407 to H. H. C. and research grants to M. N. from NSERC and Simon Fraser University. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 BP 598 EP 607 DI 10.1099/vir.0.026864-0 PN 3 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 734CL UT WOS:000288310700013 PM 21123546 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Lee, J AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. Lee, Joseph TI DRYING LEATHER WITH VACUUM AND TOGGLING SEQUENTIALLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB We investigated a drying method that will enable leather to be dried under vacuum and stretch sequentially to improve area yield. Vacuum drying offers fast speed at a low temperature, which would be advantageous to heat-vulnerable chrome-free leather. Adding a toggle action after vacuum drying could significantly increase area yield. Using a statistical experimental design, we formulated regression models describing how drying variables affect mechanical properties and area yield of chrome-free leather tanned with glutaraldehyde. An effort was also made to estimate the effects of conditioning, staking, and drum milling on the area retention gained by toggle stretching. This study showed that the direction the stretch was applied had a significant effect on the area retention. Results also indicated that conditioning and staking have little effect on area retention, whereas the drum milling caused a significant drop in area retention. Our study also showed under an optimal drying condition, a 12% increase in area yield with good properties can be achieved. C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung; Latona, Nicholas P.; Lee, Joseph] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 732NR UT WOS:000288192700001 ER PT J AU Gatziolis, D AF Gatziolis, Demetrios TI Dynamic Range-based Intensity Normalization for Airborne, Discrete Return Lidar Data of Forest Canopies SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; LASER SCANNER; COEFFICIENT; AGREEMENT; ALTITUDE AB A novel approach for improving the consistency of intensity measurements using range-based normalization is introduced. The normalization is data-driven, can be fully automated, and involves scaling differences in observed intensity between returns collocated in space but registered to different laser scanning swaths. The scaling is proportional to the overall rate of attenuation f of laser energy. The utility of this approach for applications of lidar over forests was evaluated by examining classification results of broad cover types obtained using observed and normalized intensity measurements in an Oregon study area. The normalization was more effective for single returns, leading to a 53 percent reduction in intensity coefficient of variation between observed and range-normalized measurements. The poor cover type classification accuracy (44.4 percent; kappa 0.167) obtained by using observed intensities of first returns improved substantially to 75.6 percent (kappa 0.624) when using above-ground, single returns and f = 2.04. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Gatziolis, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM dgatziolis@fs.fed.us RI Marin, Carmen/F-3528-2013 FU Oregon Department of Forestry; PNW Station Director's Office FX The author would like to thank the Oregon Department of Forestry and the PNW Station Director's Office for funding support, and Watershed Sciences, Inc., of Corvallis, Oregon for the delivery of customized data products. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 3 SI SI BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 730RO UT WOS:000288052100008 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Baranowski, JC Watson, KB Martin, S Beltran, A Islam, N Dadabhoy, H Adame, SH Cullen, K Thompson, D Buday, R Subar, A AF Baranowski, Tom Baranowski, Janice C. Watson, Kathleen B. Martin, Shelby Beltran, Alicia Islam, Noemi Dadabhoy, Hafza Adame, Su-heyla Cullen, Karen Thompson, Debbe Buday, Richard Subar, Amy TI Children's accuracy of portion size estimation using digital food images: effects of interface design and size of image on computer screen SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Portion size estimation; Children; Food images ID PHOTOGRAPHS; VALIDITY; AIDS AB Objective: To test the effect of image size and presence of size cues on the accuracy of portion size estimation by children. Design: Children were randomly assigned to seeing images with or without food size cues (utensils and checked tablecloth) and were presented with sixteen food models (foods commonly eaten by children) in varying portion sizes, one at a time. They estimated each food model's portion size by selecting a digital food image. The same food images were presented in two ways: (i) as small, graduated portion size images all on one screen or (ii) by scrolling across large, graduated portion size images, one per sequential screen. Setting: Laboratory-based with computer and food models. Subjects: Volunteer multi-ethnic sample of 120 children, equally distributed by gender and ages (8 to 13 years) in 2008-2009. Results: Average percentage of correctly classified foods was 60.3%. There were no differences in accuracy by any design factor or demographic characteristic. Multiple small pictures on the screen at once took half the time to estimate portion size compared with scrolling through large pictures. Larger pictures had more overestimation of size. Conclusions: Multiple images of successively larger portion sizes of a food on one computer screen facilitated quicker portion size responses with no decrease in accuracy. This is the method of choice for portion size estimation on a computer. C1 [Baranowski, Tom; Baranowski, Janice C.; Watson, Kathleen B.; Martin, Shelby; Beltran, Alicia; Islam, Noemi; Dadabhoy, Hafza; Adame, Su-heyla; Cullen, Karen; Thompson, Debbe] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Subar, Amy] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Buday, Richard] Archimage Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU National Cancer Institute [5 U01 CA130762-02]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX Sources of funding: This research was funded primarily by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (5 U01 CA130762-02). This work is also a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1017/S1368980010002193 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 730RA UT WOS:000288050600006 PM 21073772 ER PT J AU Sun, QR Zhao, Y Sun, HY Hammond, RW Davis, RE Xin, L AF Sun, Qingrong Zhao, Yan Sun, Hongyan Hammond, Rose W. Davis, Robert E. Xin, Li TI High-efficiency and stable genetic transformation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) leaf segments and regeneration of transgenic plants SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE Pear rootstock; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; GUS; Phloem-specific expression ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT REGENERATION; BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; LEAVES; CULTIVARS; TOBACCO; PROMOTER; DISEASE AB Pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a nutrient-dense fruit with strong consumer demand and high commercial value. However, most cultivated pear varieties are often susceptible to diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The purpose of the present study was to establish an efficient genetic transformation and regeneration protocol, paving the way for genetic engineering of pear cultivars with enhanced disease resistance. Major factors that influence transformation and regeneration were examined and optimal conditions were established for efficient transformation from leaf explants of 'Old Home', a valuable pear interstem and rootstock. High transformation efficiency was achieved largely due to an improved infection/transformation induction strategy. Co-cultivation of Agrobacterium cells and leaf segments on a liquid induction medium yielded a fivefold increase in transformation frequency. Southern hybridization analysis revealed presence of reporter gene uidA in the genomic DNA samples from independent transgenic plants, confirming the integration of the transgene in recipient pear genomes. The stability of T-DNA integration was evaluated by the consistent presence of the Km selectable marker and the expression pattern of the introduced reporter gene uidA was analyzed by GUS histochemical assay. C1 [Sun, Qingrong; Zhao, Yan; Sun, Hongyan; Hammond, Rose W.; Davis, Robert E.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sun, Qingrong; Sun, Hongyan; Xin, Li] Shandong Inst Pomol, Tainan 271000, Shandong, Taiwan. RP Sun, QR (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sunqr@sdip.cn; Yan.Zhao@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [1275-22000-194-00D, 1275-22000-246-00]; Shandong Outstanding Early Career Scientist Award Foundation [01DS48]; Shandong Natural Science Foundation [Y2008D50]; Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan project [2008GG2HZ09018] FX This study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Project numbers 1275-22000-194-00D and 1275-22000-246-00), Shandong Outstanding Early Career Scientist Award Foundation project (01DS48), Shandong Natural Science Foundation (Y2008D50) and Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan project (2008GG2HZ09018). NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0137-5881 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL PLANT JI Acta Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s11738-010-0557-z PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 723IE UT WOS:000287499300017 ER PT J AU Barreto, PAB Gama-Rodrigues, EF Gama-Rodrigues, AC Fontes, AG Polidoro, JC Moco, MKS Machado, RCR Baligar, VC AF Barreto, Patricia A. B. Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela F. Gama-Rodrigues, A. C. Fontes, Alexandre G. Polidoro, Jose C. Moco, Maria Kellen S. Machado, Regina C. R. Baligar, V. C. TI Distribution of oxidizable organic C fractions in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in Southern Bahia, Brazil SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Labile carbon; Carbon sequestration; Carbon quality; Cacao; Erythrina glauca ID CARBON FRACTIONS; TRASH MANAGEMENT; COSTA-RICA; MATTER; QUALITY; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; SEQUESTRATION; CULTIVATION; TILLAGE AB Agroforestry systems can play a major role in the sequestration of carbon (C) because of their higher input of organic material to the soil. The importance of organic carbon to the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of soil quality is well recognized. However, total organic carbon measurements might not be sensitive indicators of changes in soil quality. Adoption of procedures that can extract the more labile fraction preferentially might be a more useful approach for the characterization of soil organic carbon resulting from different soils. This study aimed to evaluate organic carbon (C) fractions distribution in different soil layers up to 50 cm depth in two soil orders under cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry systems (AFS) in Bahia, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from four depth classes (0-5, 5-10, 10-30 and 30-50 cm) under two cacao agroforestry systems (30-year-old stands of cacao with Erythrina glauca, as shade trees) in Latosol and Cambisol, in Bahia, Brazil. The determination of oxidizable carbon by a modified Walkley-Black method was done to obtain four C fractions with different labile forms of C (fraction 1: labile fraction; fraction 2: moderate labile fraction; fraction 3: low labile fraction and fraction 4: recalcitrant fraction). Overall, at two cacao AFS, the C fractions generally declined with increase in soil depth. The C fractions 1 and 2 were 50% higher on upper layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm). More than 50% of organic C was found in more labile fraction (fraction 1) in all depths for both soils. High value of C fraction 1 (more labile C)-to-total organic C ratio was obtained (around 54-59%, on Latosol and Cambisol, respectively), indicating large input of organic matter in these soils. C1 [Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela F.; Gama-Rodrigues, A. C.; Moco, Maria Kellen S.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, LSOL, CCTA, BR-28013602 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Barreto, Patricia A. B.] SW Bahia State Univ, Dept Agr Engn & Soil, BR-45083900 Vitoria Da Conquista, BA, Brazil. [Fontes, Alexandre G.] Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Espirito Santo State, BR-29709910 Colatina, ES, Brazil. [Polidoro, Jose C.] EMBRAPA Solos, BR-22460000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Machado, Regina C. R.] MARS Ctr Cocoa Sci, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, BA, Brazil. [Baligar, V. C.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crop Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gama-Rodrigues, EF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, LSOL, CCTA, Av Alberto Lamego 2000, BR-28013602 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM emanuela@uenf.br NR 55 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 81 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s10457-010-9300-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 723IN UT WOS:000287500200004 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Dwyer, JP Godsey, LD AF Burner, D. M. Dwyer, J. P. Godsey, L. D. TI Stocking rate mediates responses of mid-rotation loblolly pine in west-central Arkansas. 2. Profitability SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; Model; Net present value; Pine straw; Stocking rate AB Financial analyses are needed for the wide array of plantation designs commonly used in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forestry and agroforestry practices. Our objective was to develop an economic model to estimate financial outputs at mid-rotation (14 years old) for 13 loblolly pine stands (plantations) with 546 to 3067 trees ha(-1) (TPH). The Excel model allowed costs, returns, growth, and production scenarios to be varied to calculate net present value (NPV) and years to "break even" with and without pine straw. Plantations with a parts per thousand yen2100 TPH and no pine straw harvest had negative NPV and a relatively long break-even period than other plantations at a 5% discount rate. Pine straw harvesting nearly doubled NPV at about 1500 TPH compared to no pine straw, and substantially reduced years to break even at < 1500 TPH. There was little difference in NPV between multiple-row plantations. Single-row plantations with a parts per thousand yen1500 TPH should be considered only if pine straw is harvested or a lower discount rate is used. Pine straw harvesting probably would be impractical for the single-row plantations with < 1100 TPH, and 2-row and 3-row multiple-row plantations due to low stocking rate and partially open canopies. The model demonstrated the potential financial benefit for harvesting pine straw with timber, especially in the south-central US where pine straw is an underutilized resource. C1 [Burner, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Dwyer, J. P.; Godsey, L. D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dwyer, J. P.; Godsey, L. D.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM David.Burner@ars.usda.gov; DwyerJ@missouri.edu; Godseyl@missouri.edu FU USDA-ARS and University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry (Columbia, Missouri) [58-6227-5-0029] FX The authors appreciate the foresight of Dr. Henry Pearson (USDA-ARS, retired) who designed and planted this experiment. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The research was supported in part through a specific cooperative agreement (58-6227-5-0029) between USDA-ARS and University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry (Columbia, Missouri). Contact LD Godsey (godseyl@missouri. edu, 573-884-3216) for a copy of the model in Excel format. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 81 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s10457-010-9325-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 723IN UT WOS:000287500200009 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Dwyer, JP Godsey, LD AF Burner, D. M. Dwyer, J. P. Godsey, L. D. TI Stocking rate mediates responses of mid-rotation loblolly pine in west-central Arkansas. 1. Growth SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda L.; Basal area; Density; Growth; Plantation design; Silvopasture; Volume ID UNITED-STATES; TREE GROWTH; DYNAMICS; STANDS; ALLEY AB Further study is needed on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth in a systematic array of plantation designs or stocking rates commonly used in temperate forestry and agroforestry practices. Our objective was to determine loblolly pine growth responses and agroforestry implications of 13 plantation designs (i.e., stocking rates in trees ha(-1) [TPH]) at mid-rotation (14 years old). Survival, diameter at 1.3 m above soil surface (dbh), height, basal area (BA), and volume (V) were measured in unthinned plantations ranging from 490 to 2,300 TPH. Stocking rate was positively correlated with BA (r a parts per thousand yen 0.67) and V (r a parts per thousand yen 0.55) and negatively correlated with survival (r a parts per thousand currency sign -0.83) and dbh (r a parts per thousand currency sign -0.83). Plantations with a parts per thousand yen2,000 TPH had closed canopies and excessively high BA and V at mid-rotation. The 4- and 5-row plantations (a parts per thousand yen12 m alley spacing) had small dbh (a parts per thousand currency sign17.5 cm). Single-row plantations with a parts per thousand yen3.6 m within row spacing and a parts per thousand currency sign700 TPH, and the 3-row multiple-row plantations (1,200 TPH), had acceptable BA (29.4-33.2 m(2) ha(-1)) and V (127-136 m(3) ha(-1)). Basal area was a parts per thousand yen30 m(2) ha(-1) in most plantations indicating thinning is needed to optimize individual tree growth. Besides timber, an array of design-dependent agroforestry and forestry products should drive the selection of any one of these plantation designs: pine straw or biomass production at a parts per thousand yen1,800 TPH, and alley cropping or silvopasture in single-row (a parts per thousand currency sign1,000 TPH) and multiple-row plantations (< 1,400 TPH). C1 [Burner, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Dwyer, J. P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Godsey, L. D.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM David.Burner@ars.usda.gov; DwyerJ@missouri.edu; Godseyl@missouri.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6227-5-0029]; University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry (Columbia, Missouri) [58-6227-5-0029] FX The authors appreciate the foresight of Dr. Henry Pearson (USDA-ARS, retired) who designed and planted this experiment. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The research was supported in part through a specific cooperative agreement (58-6227-5-0029) between USDA-ARS and University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry (Columbia, Missouri). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 81 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10457-010-9326-7 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 723IN UT WOS:000287500200010 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, Steven A. TI Vitamin D requirements in adolescents: what is the target? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID D DEFICIENCY; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; CHILDREN; RICKETS C1 [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 93 IS 3 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.3945/ajcn.110.011676 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 722ZN UT WOS:000287475000003 PM 21270387 ER PT J AU Leyh, RD Fulton, RW Stegner, JE Goodyear, MD Witte, SB Taylor, LP Johnson, BJ Step, DL Ridpath, JF Holland, BP AF Leyh, Randy D. Fulton, Robert W. Stegner, Jacob E. Goodyear, Mark D. Witte, Steven B. Taylor, Lucas P. Johnson, Bill J. Step, Douglas L. Ridpath, Julia F. Holland, Ben P. TI Fetal protection in heifers vaccinated with a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes 1a and 2a and exposed during gestation to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2 BVDV; CALVES; CHALLENGE; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; FEEDLOT; DISEASE; DAMS AB Objective-To determine efficacy of a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) la and 2a against fetal infection in heifers exposed to cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV subtype 1b. Animals-50 heifers and their fetuses. Procedures-Susceptible heifers received a placebo vaccine administered IM or a vaccine containing MLV strains of BVDV1a and BVDV2a administered IM or SC. On day 124 (64 to 89 days of gestation), 50 pregnant heifers (20 vaccinated SC, 20 vaccinated IM, and 10 control heifers) were challenge exposed to 8 PI cattle. On days 207 to 209, fetuses were recovered from heifers and used for testing. Results-2 control heifers aborted following challenge exposure; both fetuses were unavailable for testing. Eleven fetuses (8 control heifers and 1 IM and 2 SC vaccinates) were positive for BVDV via virus isolation (VI) and for BVDV antigen via immunohistochemical analysis in multiple tissues. Two additional fetuses from IM vaccinates were considered exposed to BVDV (one was seropositive for BVDV and the second was positive via VI in fetal tissues). A third fetus in the SC vaccinates was positive for BVDV via VI from serum alone. Vaccination against BVDV provided fetal protection in IM vaccinated (17/20) and SC vaccinated (17/20) heifers, but all control heifers (10/10) were considered infected. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-1 dose of a BVDV1a and 2a MLV vaccine administered SC or IM prior to breeding helped protect against fetal infection in pregnant heifers exposed to cattle PI with BVDV1b. (Am J Vet Res 2011;72:367-375) C1 [Leyh, Randy D.; Stegner, Jacob E.; Witte, Steven B.; Taylor, Lucas P.] Pfizer Anim Hlth, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. [Fulton, Robert W.; Johnson, Bill J.; Step, Douglas L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Holland, Ben P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Goodyear, Mark D.] Pfizer Global Mfg, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Leyh, RD (reprint author), Pfizer Anim Hlth, 7000 Portage Rd, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. EM randy.d.leyh@pfizer.com FU Pfizer Animal Health; Oklahoma State University FX Supported by Pfizer Animal Health and as a funded project by Oklahoma State University. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 72 IS 3 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.2460/ajvr.72.3.367 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 729KO UT WOS:000287948700011 PM 21355740 ER PT J AU Silva, CJ Onisko, BC Dynin, I Erickson, ML Requena, JR Carter, JM AF Silva, Christopher J. Onisko, Bruce C. Dynin, Irina Erickson, Melissa L. Requena, Jesus R. Carter, John Mark TI Utility of Mass Spectrometry in the Diagnosis of Prion Diseases SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; SCRAPIE AGENT; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES; INCUBATION-TIME; PROTEIN; BRAIN; MICE; HAMSTERS; TISSUE AB We developed a sensitive mass spectrometry-based method of quantitating the prions present in a variety of mammalian species. Calibration curves relating the area ratios of the integrated MRM signals from selected analyte peptides and their oxidized analogues to their homologous stable isotope labeled internal standards were prepared. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the synthetic peptides from human, sheep, deer, cow, and mouse PrP were determined to be below 100 amol. Non-analyte peptides that were characteristic of prions were included in the multiple reaction monitoring method, thereby allowing for both the quantitation and confirmation of the presence of prions in the attomole range. This method was used to quantitate the prions present in brains of hamsters or mice 5 weeks after inoculation (ic) with either four hamster-adapted prion strains (139H, drowsy, 22AH, and 22CH) or four mouse-adapted prion strains (Me7, Me7-298, RML, and 79A). The prions from different brain regions of a sheep naturally infected with scrapie were quantitated. All of the rodent-adapted prion strains were detectable in the asymptomatic animals. In sheep, prions were detectable in the obex, anterior portion of the cerebrum, and the nonobex/nonanterior portion of the cerebrum. This mass spectrometry-based approach can be used to quantitate and confirm the presence of prions before detectable pathology. C1 [Silva, Christopher J.; Dynin, Irina; Erickson, Melissa L.; Carter, John Mark] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Requena, Jesus R.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Med, Dept Med, Pr Res Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Onisko, Bruce C.] OniPro Biosci, Kensington, CA 94707 USA. RP Silva, CJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94706 USA. EM christo-pher.silva@ars.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015; OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168; Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257; Silva, Christopher/0000-0003-4521-6377 FU EU [LHSB-CT-2006-019090]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [BFU2006-04588/BMC] FX Supported by Grant LHSB-CT-2006-019090 from the EU and Grant BFU2006-04588/BMC from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education to J.R.R. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1609 EP 1615 DI 10.1021/ac102527w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 725ZQ UT WOS:000287685800019 PM 21288014 ER PT J AU Merga, JY Leatherbarrow, AJH Winstanley, C Bennett, M Hart, CA Miller, WG Williams, NJ AF Merga, J. Y. Leatherbarrow, A. J. H. Winstanley, C. Bennett, M. Hart, C. A. Miller, W. G. Williams, N. J. TI Comparison of Arcobacter Isolation Methods, and Diversity of Arcobacter spp. in Cheshire, United Kingdom SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; SP-NOV.; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; PATHOGEN ARCOBACTER; CULTURE TECHNIQUE; HEALTHY CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; RETAIL MEATS; BUTZLERI; PREVALENCE AB The aims of this study were, firstly, to compare five published methods for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from animal feces in order to determine the most sensitive and specific method. Second, we analyzed the resulting isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in order to investigate the diversity of the isolates recovered. Third, we investigated the ability to recover Arcobacter spp. from frozen fecal samples. Seventy-seven fecal samples from cattle, sheep, and badgers were subjected to five isolation methods, based on published methods for the isolation of Arcobacter and Campylobacter spp. Thirty-nine Arcobacter butzleri isolates were analyzed using a multilocus sequence typing scheme. The survival of Arcobacter spp. in frozen samples was investigated by freezing the fecal samples at -80 degrees C for 7 days and then applying the same five isolation methods. The most sensitive and specific method used an Arcobacter-specific broth in conjunction with modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) with added antibiotics. Freezing of fecal samples led to a reduction in the recovery of Arcobacter spp. by approximately 50%. The 39 allelic profiles obtained by MLST could be divided into 11 sequence types (STs). We have identified the most sensitive and specific method for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from animal feces and demonstrated that the freezing of fecal samples prior to isolation reduces arcobacter recovery. MLST analysis of the isolates revealed a high level of diversity. C1 [Merga, J. Y.] Univ Liverpool, Natl Ctr Zoonosis Res, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Neston CH64 7TE, England. [Leatherbarrow, A. J. H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Med, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Miller, W. G.] USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Merga, JY (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Natl Ctr Zoonosis Res, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Chester High Rd, Neston CH64 7TE, England. EM ysloane@liv.ac.uk OI Merga, Yvette/0000-0002-0692-1455 FU Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs FX This work was funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Veterinary Training and Research Initiative program. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1646 EP 1650 DI 10.1128/AEM.01964-10 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 726DX UT WOS:000287700100014 PM 21193675 ER PT J AU Mehl, HL Cotty, PJ AF Mehl, H. L. Cotty, P. J. TI Influence of the Host Contact Sequence on the Outcome of Competition among Aspergillus flavus Isolates during Host Tissue Invasion SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; ATOXIGENIC STRAINS; SURFACE ATTACHMENT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; FIRE BLIGHT; ADHESION AB Biological control of aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus is achieved through competitive exclusion of aflatoxin producers by atoxigenic strains. Factors dictating the extent to which competitive displacement occurs during host infection are unknown. The role of initial host contact in competition between pairs of A. flavus isolates coinfecting maize kernels was examined. Isolate success during tissue invasion and reproduction was assessed by quantification of isolate-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms using pyrosequencing. Isolates were inoculated either simultaneously or 1 h apart. Increased success during competition was conferred to the first isolate to contact the host independent of that isolate's innate competitive ability. The first-isolate advantage decreased with the conidial concentration, suggesting capture of limited resources on kernel surfaces contributes to competitive exclusion. Attempts to modify access to putative attachment sites by either coating kernels with dead conidia or washing kernels with solvents did not influence the success of the first isolate, suggesting competition for limited attachment sites on kernel surfaces does not mediate first-isolate advantage. The current study is the first to demonstrate an immediate competitive advantage conferred to A. flavus isolates upon host contact and prior to either germ tube emergence or host colonization. This suggests the timing of host contact is as important to competition during disease cycles as innate competitive ability. Early dispersal to susceptible crop components may allow maintenance within A. flavus populations of genetic types with low competitive ability during host tissue invasion. C1 [Mehl, H. L.; Cotty, P. J.] Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Sch Plant Sci, POB 210036, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu OI Mehl, Hillary/0000-0001-8570-3562 FU Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [5347-42000-019-00D.] FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS project 5347-42000-019-00D. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1697 DI 10.1128/AEM.02240-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 726DX UT WOS:000287700100020 PM 21216896 ER PT J AU Kwak, YS Han, S Thomashow, LS Rice, JT Paulitz, TC Kim, D Weller, DM AF Kwak, Youn-Sig Han, Sangjo Thomashow, Linda S. Rice, Jennifer T. Paulitz, Timothy C. Kim, Dongsup Weller, David M. TI Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome-Wide Mutant Screen for Sensitivity to 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol, an Antibiotic Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACUOLAR H+-ATPASE; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ALL DECLINE SOILS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; GENE ENCODES; MARINE ALGA; V-ATPASE; SUBUNIT; YEAST; MECHANISMS AB 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity, inhibiting organisms ranging from viruses, bacteria, and fungi to higher plants and mammalian cells. The biosynthesis and regulation of 2,4-DAPG in P. fluorescens are well described, but the mode of action against target organisms is poorly understood. As a first step to elucidate the mechanism, we screened a deletion library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broth and agar medium supplemented with 2,4-DAPG. We identified 231 mutants that showed increased sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG under both conditions, including 22 multidrug resistance-related mutants. Three major physiological functions correlated with an increase in sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG: membrane function, reactive oxygen regulation, and cell homeostasis. Physiological studies with wild-type yeast validated the results of the mutant screens. The chemical-genetic fitness profile of 2,4-DAPG resembled those of menthol, sodium azide, and hydrogen peroxide determined in previous high-throughput screening studies. Collectively, these findings indicate that 2,4-DAPG acts on multiple basic cellular processes. C1 [Thomashow, Linda S.; Paulitz, Timothy C.; Weller, David M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kwak, Youn-Sig; Rice, Jennifer T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Han, Sangjo; Kim, Dongsup] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Bio & Brain Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kim, Dongsup] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Biocentury, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, POB 646430,367 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@wsu.edu RI Kim, Dongsup/C-1612-2011; OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU Korean Government [KRF-2009-352-C00140] FX Sangjo Han was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2009-352-C00140). NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1770 EP 1776 DI 10.1128/AEM.02151-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 726DX UT WOS:000287700100030 PM 21193664 ER PT J AU Brichta-Harhay, DM Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Kalchayanand, N Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Diversity of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Strains Associated with Cattle at Harvest in the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; LACTATING DAIRY-CATTLE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NEWPORT INFECTIONS; SEROTYPE NEWPORT; FEEDLOT CATTLE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION AB The prevalence and diversity of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica strains associated with cattle at harvest in the United States were examined. Hides and carcasses of cattle were sampled at processing plants (n = 6) located in four geographically distant regions from July 2005 to April 2006. The mean prevalences of Salmonella on hides, preevisceration carcasses (immediately after hide removal), and postintervention carcasses (in the chiller and after the full complement of interventions) were 89.6%, 50.2%, and 0.8%, respectively. The values for MDR Salmonella enterica strains (defined as those resistant to two or more antimicrobials) as percentages of Salmonella prevalence were 16.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3 to 25.1%; median percent prevalence, 6.9%), 11.7% (95% CI, 4.4 to 19.0%; median, 4.8%), and 0.33% (95% CI, -0.3 to 0.70%; median, 0%), respectively. In this study, 16,218 Salmonella hide and carcass isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance. Of these, 978 (6.0%) unique MDR S. enterica isolates were identified and serotyped and their XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles determined. The predominant MDR S. enterica serotypes observed were Newport (53.1%), Typhimurium (16.6%), and Uganda (10.9%). Differences in MDR S. enterica prevalence were detected, and PFGE analysis revealed both epidemic clusters (profiles found in plants in multiple regions/seasons) and endemic clusters (profiles observed in plants in limited regions/seasons) within several of the MDR serotypes examined. Despite these differences, multiple-hurdle processing interventions employed at all plants were found to be quite effective and decreased Salmonella carcass contamination by 98.4% (95% CI, 97.6 to 99.7%). C1 [Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Arthur, Terrance M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brichta-Harhay, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM dayna.harhay@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by The Beef Checkoff. We thank the plant personnel for their kind assistance and cooperation. We also thank Michael Guerini for his contribution to this project, Julie Dyer, Frank Reno, Bruce Jasch, Greg Smith, Kim Kucera, Jade Franklin, Casey Trambly, Sara Schumacher, and Emily Griess for their technical support, and Joan Rosch for administrative assistance. NR 79 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1783 EP 1796 DI 10.1128/AEM.01885-10 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 726DX UT WOS:000287700100032 PM 21239549 ER PT J AU Yan, XH Gurtler, J Fratamico, P Hu, J Gunther, NW Juneja, V Huang, LH AF Yan, Xianghe Gurtler, Joshua Fratamico, Pina Hu, Jing Gunther, Nereus W. Juneja, Vijay Huang, Lihan TI Comprehensive Approaches to Molecular Biomarker Discovery for Detection and Identification of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) and Salmonella spp. SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ANTIGEN GENE-CLUSTER; REAL-TIME PCR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INFANT FORMULA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RAPID DETECTION; ASSAY; FOOD; COLLECTION AB Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) and Salmonella spp. are increasingly implicated internationally as important microbiological contaminants in low-moisture food products, including powdered infant formula. Estimates indicate that 40 to 80% of infants infected with Cronobacter sakazakii and/or Salmonella in the United States may not survive the illness. A systematic approach, combining literature-based data mining, comparative genome analysis, and the direct sequencing of PCR products of specific biomarker genes, was used to construct an initial collection of genes to be targeted. These targeted genes, particularly genes encoding virulence factors and genes responsible for unique phenotypes, have the potential to function as biomarker genes for the identification and differentiation of Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella from other food-borne pathogens in low-moisture food products. In this paper, a total of 58 unique Salmonella gene clusters and 126 unique potential Cronobacter biomarkers and putative virulence factors were identified. A chitinase gene, a well-studied virulence factor in fungi, plants, and bacteria, was used to confirm this approach. We found that the chitinase gene has very low sequence variability and/or polymorphism among Cronobacter, Citrobacter, and Salmonella, while differing significantly in other food-borne pathogens, either by sequence blasting or experimental testing, including PCR amplification and direct sequencing. This computational analysis for Cronobacter and Salmonella biomarker identification and the preliminary laboratory studies are only a starting point; thus, PCR and array-based biomarker verification studies of these and other food-borne pathogens are currently being conducted. C1 [Yan, Xianghe; Gurtler, Joshua; Fratamico, Pina; Gunther, Nereus W.; Juneja, Vijay; Huang, Lihan] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hu, Jing] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. RP Yan, XH (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xianghe.yan@ars.usda.gov RI Hu, Jing/H-6637-2013 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1833 EP 1843 DI 10.1128/AEM.02374-10 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 726DX UT WOS:000287700100037 PM 21239552 ER PT J AU Brumm, P Mead, D Boyum, J Drinkwater, C Gowda, K Stevenson, D Weimer, P AF Brumm, Phillip Mead, David Boyum, Julie Drinkwater, Colleen Gowda, Krishne Stevenson, David Weimer, Paul TI Functional Annotation of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 Carbohydrate Active Enzymes SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fibrobacter succinogenes; Biomass; Genome screening; Cellulase; Hemicellulase; Rumen; Screening ID GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES; DIGESTION; BACTERIA; GLUCOSE; GENE AB Fibrobacter succinogenes is a cellulolytic bacterium that degrades plant cell wall biomass in ruminant animals and is among the most rapidly fibrolytic of all mesophilic bacteria. The complete genome sequence of Fisuc was completed by the DOE Joint Genome Institute in late 2009. Using new expression tools developed at Lucigen and C5-6 Technologies and a multi-substrate screen, 5,760 random shotgun expression clones were screened for biomass-degrading enzymes, representing 2x genome expression coverage. From the screen, 169 positive hits were recorded and 33 were unambiguously identified by sequence analysis of the inserts as belonging to CAZy family genes. Eliminating duplicates, 24 unique CAZy genes were found by functional screening. Several previously uncharacterized enzymes were discovered using this approach and a number of potentially mis-annotated enzymes were functionally characterized. To complement this approach, a high-throughput system was developed to clone and express all the annotated glycosyl hydrolases and carbohydrate esterases in the genome. Using this method, six previously described and five novel CAZy enzymes were cloned, expressed, and purified in milligram quantities. C1 [Brumm, Phillip] C5 6 Technol & Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Middleton, WI 53511 USA. [Mead, David; Boyum, Julie; Drinkwater, Colleen; Gowda, Krishne] Lucigen & Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Middleton, WI 53511 USA. [Stevenson, David; Weimer, Paul] Univ Wisconsin, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brumm, P (reprint author), C5 6 Technol & Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, 2120 W Greenview Dr, Middleton, WI 53511 USA. EM pbrumm@lucigen.com FU DOE [DOE DE-FG36-06GO16106]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded in part by DOE grant DOE DE-FG36-06GO16106, "Novel enzyme products for the conversion of defatted soybean meal to ethanol" and funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 163 IS 5 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1007/s12010-010-9070-5 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 729FV UT WOS:000287935000008 PM 20803100 ER PT J AU Wang, GS Lee, JW Zhu, JY Jeffries, TW AF Wang, G. S. Lee, Jae-Won Zhu, J. Y. Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Corncob for Efficient Sugar Production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pretreatment; Cellulosic ethanol; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Corncob; Inhibitors ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION; HYDROLYSIS AB Aqueous dilute acid pretreatments of corncob were conducted using cylindrical pressure vessels in an oil bath. Pretreatments were conducted in a temperature range of 160-190 degrees C with acid-solution-to-solid-corncob ratio of 2. The acid concentration (v/v) in the pretreatment solution was varied from 0% to 0.7%, depending on temperature. This gives acid charge on ovendry-weight corncob of 0-2.58%. It was found that optimal pretreatment temperature is between 160 and 170 degrees C based on total xylose and glucose yields and thermal energy consumption in pretreatment. At 170 degrees C and acid charge of 2.2% on cob, total glucose yield and xylose recovery were 97% and 75%, respectively, which resulted in an overall monomeric sugar recovery of about 88%. Xylose concentration in the hydrolysate was about 12%, with xylose-to-acetic-acid ratio of 8 and to furan (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) of about 15. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Wang, G. S.] TianJin Univ Sci & Technol, TianJin Key Lab Pulp & Paper, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, BK Program 21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Bioenergy Res Inst, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us; twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0020141]; EdeniQ under CRADA [08-RD-11111126-007]; Forest Products Laboratory; Tianjin Education Commission of China; USDA Forest Service FX This work was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Project No. 2010-0020141) to J.W. Lee and by EdeniQ under CRADA 08-RD-11111126-007 with the Forest Products Laboratory. The Tianjin Education Commission of China and the USDA Forest Service provided financial support for Wang's visiting appointment at the Forest Products Laboratory. The authors thank Frederick J. Matt of the Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Laboratory of the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for carrying out the carbohydrate determination and Diane Dietrich (FPL) for conducting HMF and furfural analysis. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 23 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 EI 1559-0291 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 163 IS 5 BP 658 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s12010-010-9071-4 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 729FV UT WOS:000287935000009 PM 20803261 ER PT J AU Brumm, P Mead, D Boyum, J Drinkwater, C Deneke, J Gowda, K Stevenson, D Weimer, P AF Brumm, Phillip Mead, David Boyum, Julie Drinkwater, Colleen Deneke, Jan Gowda, Krishne Stevenson, David Weimer, Paul TI Functional Annotation of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (vol 163, pg 649, 2011) SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Brumm, Phillip] C5 6 Technol & Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Middleton, WI 53511 USA. [Mead, David; Boyum, Julie; Drinkwater, Colleen; Deneke, Jan; Gowda, Krishne] Lucigen & Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Middleton, WI 53511 USA. [Stevenson, David; Weimer, Paul] Univ Wisconsin, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brumm, P (reprint author), C5 6 Technol & Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, 2120 W Greenview Dr, Middleton, WI 53511 USA. EM pbrumm@lucigen.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 163 IS 5 BP 692 EP 692 DI 10.1007/s12010-010-9125-7 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 729FV UT WOS:000287935000012 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Mukhopadhyay, S Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Luthria, Devanand L. Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. TI A Comparison of Analytical and Data Preprocessing Methods for Spectral Fingerprinting SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Spectral fingerprinting; Near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; UV-Vis spectroscopy; Direct mass spectrometry; Classification; Discrimination; Broccoli; Growing conditions; Analysis of variance; ANOVA; Principal component analysis; PCA; ANOVA-PCA ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLANT-EXTRACTS; VARIANCE; BROCCOLI; SELENIUM; TOOL AB Spectral fingerprinting, as a method of discriminating between plant cultivars and growing treatments for a common set of broccoli samples, was compared for six analytical instruments. Spectra were acquired for finely powdered solid samples using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier transform near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry. Spectra were also acquired for unfractionated aqueous methanol extracts of the powders using molecular absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) regions and mass spectrometry with negative (MS-) and positive (MS+) ionization. The spectra were analyzed using nested one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to statistically evaluate the quality of discrimination. All six methods showed statistically significant differences between the cultivars and treatments. The significance of the statistical tests was improved by the judicious selection of spectral regions (IR and NIR), masses (MS+ and MS-), and derivatives (IR, NIR, UV, and VIS). C1 [Luthria, Devanand L.; Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan; Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM D.Luthria@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1366/10-06109 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 729JO UT WOS:000287945700003 PM 21352644 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Bischoff, KM AF Leathers, Timothy D. Bischoff, Kenneth M. TI Biofilm formation by strains of Leuconostoc citreum and L. mesenteroides SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Alternan; Biofilm; Dextran; Exopolysaccharides; Leuconostoc ID NRRL B-1355; MUTANTS; METHYLATION; DEXTRAN; STARVATION; BIOMASS; MATRIX AB Although biofilms produced by various Leuconostoc sp. are economically important as contaminants of sugar processing plants, very few studies are available on these systems. Twelve strains of Leuconostoc citreum and L. mesenteroides that produce a variety of extracellular glucans were compared for their capacity to produce biofilms. 16s rRNA sequence analysis was used to confirm the species identity of these strains, which included four isolates of L. mesenteroides, five isolates of L. citreum, and three glucansucrase mutants of L. citreum strain NRRL B-1355. Strains identified as L. mesenteroides produce glucans that are generally similar to commercial dextran. Nevertheless, these strains differed widely in their capacity to form biofilms, with densities ranging from 2.7 to 6.1 log cfu/cm(2). L. citreum strains and their derivatives produce a variety of glucans. These strains exhibited biofilm densities ranging from 2.5 to 5.9 log cfu/cm(2). Thus, biofilm-forming capacity varied widely on a strain-specific basis in both species. The types of polysaccharides produced did not appear to affect the ability to form biofilms. C1 [Leathers, Timothy D.; Bischoff, Kenneth M.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Tim.Leathers@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 3 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1007/s10529-010-0450-2 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 723JK UT WOS:000287502500010 PM 21046199 ER PT J AU Byers, SR Evermann, JF Bradway, DS Grimm, AL Ridpath, JF Parish, SM Tibary, A Barrington, GM AF Byers, Stacey R. Evermann, James F. Bradway, Daniel S. Grimm, Amanda L. Ridpath, Julia F. Parish, Steven M. Tibary, Ahmed Barrington, George M. TI The effects of exposure of susceptible alpacas to alpacas persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID NEW-WORLD CAMELIDS; VICUGNA-PACOS; BVD VIRUS; CATTLE; DISEASE; CALVES; SUBPOPULATIONS; TRANSMISSION; LYMPHOCYTE; PCR AB Reports of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in alpacas have been increasing in recent years but much is still unknown about the mechanisms of disease in this species. This report characterizes the transmission of BVDV from persistently infected (PI) alpacas to BVDV naive alpacas, documents shedding patterns, and characterizes the disease effects in both PI and transiently infected alpacas. Two PI alpacas shed BVDV Type 1b virus in most body fluids, and commonly available diagnostic tests verified their status. Bovine viral diarrhea virus Type 1b transient infections produced only mild signs of disease in BVDV naive alpacas. Viremia was detected in whole blood, but viral shedding during the acute phase was not detected and antibody appeared to be protective upon re-exposure to the virus. C1 [Byers, Stacey R.; Evermann, James F.; Parish, Steven M.; Tibary, Ahmed; Barrington, George M.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Grimm, Amanda L.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Evermann, James F.; Bradway, Daniel S.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr ARS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Byers, SR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM stacey.byers@colostate.edu NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 729ZH UT WOS:000287992700006 PM 21629418 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Klasson, KT Wartelle, LH Lima, IM AF Uchimiya, Minori Klasson, K. Thomas Wartelle, Lynda H. Lima, Isabel M. TI Influence of soil properties on heavy metal sequestration by biochar amendment: 1. Copper sorption isotherms and the release of cations SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Biochar; Activated carbon; Copper; Soil; Isotherm ID ACTIVATED CARBONS; LEAD SORPTION; BLACK CARBON; ADSORPTION; CADMIUM; PH AB The amendment of carbonaceous materials such as biochars and activated carbons is a promising in situ remediation strategy for both organic and inorganic contaminants in soils and sediments. Mechanistic understandings in sorption of heavy metals on amended soil are necessary for appropriate selection and application of carbonaceous materials for heavy metal sequestration in specific soil types. In this study, copper sorption isotherms were obtained for soils having distinct characteristics: clay-rich, alkaline San Joaquin soil with significant heavy metal sorption capacity, and eroded, acidic Norfolk sandy loam soil having low capacity to retain copper. The amendment of acidic pecan shell-derived activated carbon and basic broiler litter biochar lead to a greater enhancement of copper sorption in Norfolk soil than in San Joaquin soil. In Norfolk soil, the amendment of acidic activated carbon enhanced copper sorption primarily via cation exchange mechanism, i.e., release of proton, calcium, and aluminum, while acid dissolution of aluminum cannot be ruled out. For San Joaquin soil, enhanced copper retention by biochar amendment likely resulted from the following additional mechanisms: electrostatic interactions between copper and negatively charged soil and biochar surfaces, sorption on mineral (ash) components, complexation of copper by surface functional groups and delocalized pi electrons of carbonaceous materials, and precipitation. Influence of biochar on the release of additional elements (e.g., Al, Ca) must be carefully considered when used as a soil amendment to sequester heavy metals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Klasson, K. Thomas; Wartelle, Lynda H.; Lima, Isabel M.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 29 TC 79 Z9 92 U1 20 U2 212 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1431 EP 1437 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.050 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730ST UT WOS:000288055300012 PM 21147495 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Klasson, KT Wartelle, LH Lima, IM AF Uchimiya, Minori Klasson, K. Thomas Wartelle, Lynda H. Lima, Isabel M. TI Influence of soil properties on heavy metal sequestration by biochar amendment: 2. Copper desorption isotherms SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Biochar; Activated carbon; Copper; Soil; Isotherm ID ACTIVATED CARBON AMENDMENT; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BROILER MANURE; BLACK CARBON; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; COMPONENTS; SEDIMENTS; BIOACCUMULATION AB Contaminant desorption constrains the long-term effectiveness of remediation technologies, and is strongly influenced by dynamic non-equilibrium states of environmental and biological media. Information is currently lacking in the influence of biochar and activated carbon amendments on desorption of heavy metal contaminants from soil components. In this study, copper sorption-desorption isotherms were obtained for clay-rich, alkaline San Joaquin soil with significant heavy metal sorption capacity, and eroded, acidic Norfolk sandy loam soil having low capacity to retain copper. Acidic pecan shell-derived activated carbon and basic broiler litter biochar were employed in desorption experiments designed to address both leaching by rainfall and toxicity characteristics. For desorption in synthetic rain water, broiler litter biochar amendment diminished sorption-desorption hysteresis. In acetate buffer (pH 4.9), significant copper leaching was observed, unless acidic activated carbon (pH(pzc) = 3.07) was present. Trends observed in soluble phosphorus and zinc concentrations for sorption and desorption equilibria suggested acid dissolution of particulate phases that can result in a concurrent release of copper and other sorbed elements. In contrast, sulfur and potassium became depleted as a result of supernatant replacements only when amended carbon (broiler litter biochar) or soil (San Joaquin) contained appreciable amounts. A positive correlation was observed between the equilibrium aluminum concentration and initial copper concentration in soils amended with acidic activated carbon but not basic biochar, suggesting the importance of cation exchange mechanism, while dissolution of aluminum oxides cannot be ruled out. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Klasson, K. Thomas; Wartelle, Lynda H.; Lima, Isabel M.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 10 U2 169 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1438 EP 1447 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.078 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730ST UT WOS:000288055300013 PM 21190718 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Blumenthal, DM Runion, GB Hunt, ER Diaz-Soltero, H AF Ziska, Lewis H. Blumenthal, Dana M. Runion, G. Brett Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Diaz-Soltero, Hilda TI Invasive species and climate change: an agronomic perspective SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; THISTLE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; ROTTBOELLIA-COCHINCHINENSIS INTERFERENCE; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; GRAY LEAF-SPOT; ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH-RESPONSE; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION AB In the current review we wish to draw attention to an additional aspect of invasive species and climate change, that of agricultural productivity and food security. We recognize that at present, such a review remains, in part, speculative, and more illustrative than definitive. However, recent events on the global stage, particularly in regard to the number of food riots that occurred during 2008, even at a time of record harvests, have prompted additional interest in those factors, including invasive species, which could, through climatic uncertainty, alter food production. To that end, as agricultural scientists, we wish to begin an initial evaluation of key questions related to food production and climate change including: how vulnerable is agriculture to invasive species?; are current pest management strategies sufficient to control invasive outbreaks in the future?; what are the knowledge gaps?; can we provide initial recommendations for scientists, land managers and policy makers in regard to available resources? Our overall goals are to begin a synthesis of potential impacts on productivity, to identify seminal research areas that can be addressed in future research, and to provide the scientific basis to allow agronomists and land managers to formulate mitigation and adaptation options regarding invasive species and climate change as a means to maintain food security. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.] ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] ARS, Rangeland Resource Res Unit, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Runion, G. Brett] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Diaz-Soltero, Hilda] USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 139 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 89 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2011 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10584-010-9879-5 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 723LS UT WOS:000287508700002 ER PT J AU Li, Z Liu, WZ Zhang, XC Zheng, FL AF Li, Zhi Liu, Wen-Zhao Zhang, Xun-Chang Zheng, Fen-Li TI Assessing the site-specific impacts of climate change on hydrology, soil erosion and crop yields in the Loess Plateau of China SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CHANGE SCENARIOS; GCM OUTPUT; LONG-TERM; WATER; SIMULATION; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; FORECASTS; RESPONSES; RUNOFF AB Climate changes may have great impacts on the fragile agro-ecosystems of the Loess Plateau of China, which is one of the most severely eroded regions in the world. We assessed the site-specific impacts of climate change during 2010-2039 on hydrology, soil loss and crop yields in Changwu tableland region in the Loess Plateau of China. Projections of four climate models (CCSR/NIES, CGCM2, CSIRO-Mk2 and HadCM3) under three emission scenarios (A2, B2 and GGa) were used. A simple spatiotemporal statistical method was used to downscale GCMs monthly grid outputs to station daily weather series. The WEPP (Water and Erosion Prediction Project) model was employed to simulate the responses of agro-ecosystems. Compared with the present climate, GCMs projected a -2.6 to 17.4% change for precipitation, 0.6 to 2.6A degrees C and 0.6 to 1.7A degrees C rises for maximum and minimum temperature, respectively. Under conventional tillage, WEPP predicted a change of 10 to 130% for runoff, -5 to 195% for soil loss, -17 to 25% for wheat yield, -2 to 39% for maize yield, -14 to 18% for plant transpiration, -8 to 13% for soil evaporation, and -6 to 9% for soil water reserve at two slopes during 2010-2039. However, compared with conventional tillage under the present climate, conservation tillage would change runoff by -34 to 71%, and decrease soil loss by 26 to 77% during 2010-2039, with other output variables being affected slightly. Overall, climate change would have significant impacts on agro-ecosystems, and adoption of conservation tillage has great potential to reduce the adverse effects of future climate changes on runoff and soil loss in this region. C1 [Li, Zhi] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wen-Zhao; Zheng, Fen-Li] CAS, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xun-Chang] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Liu, Wen-Zhao; Zheng, Fen-Li] MWR, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Li, Z (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, POB 81,3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM lizhibox@126.com RI LI, ZHI/D-7204-2015 OI LI, ZHI/0000-0002-9268-6497 FU State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau [10502-Z10]; Ministry of Agriculture of China [2010-S16]; Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Chinese Central Colleges [Z109021002] FX This study was funded by the Special-Funds of Scientific Research Programs of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (10502-Z10), 948 Project of Ministry of Agriculture of China (2010-S16) and Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Chinese Central Colleges (Z109021002). The careful reviews and constructive suggestions of the referees are gratefully acknowledged. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2011 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s10584-010-9875-9 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 723LS UT WOS:000287508700011 ER PT J AU Burns, JC AF Burns, J. C. TI Advancement in Assessment and the Reassessment of the Nutritive Value of Forages SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRAL-DETERGENT FIBER; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CELL-WALL COMPONENTS; DIETARY FIBER; HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; FIBROUS FEEDS; TALL FESCUE; DIGESTION AB Forages, primary producers of carbon compounds, provide energy and nutrients when consumed by herbivores, resulting in "value-added" animal products as meat, milk, and fiber and, in some cases, recreation. How a forage supports value-added products of interest has been a concern since the mid 1800s. The characteristic of a forage that composes its nutritive value (NVAL) and its consumption and conversion by the animal determines the quality of the nutrient entity and provides an estimate of its forage quality. The first system to address forage NVAL emerged in the mid 1880s and was termed the Weende proximate analysis. Forages were separated into crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), ash, and water. The concept of nutrient entity followed in the 1950s. By the mid 1960s, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) system partially replaced proximate analysis and the two, along with innovations in solubility, serve as methodologies for estimating NVAL. An assessment of NVAL from the microbial view point was introduced in the early 1960s by the two-stage in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) method, followed in the 1970s by continuous cultures. Innovation in spectral technology introduced near infrared spectrophotometry in the mid 1980s providing a rapid analysis of the NVAL fractions. A reassessment of the approach to estimating forage quality, based on the microflora's view of "particle value," using near infrared spectral scans of the "as fed" forage has been proposed. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 390 EP 402 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0334 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900003 ER PT J AU Phillips, WA Horn, GW Cole, NA AF Phillips, W. A. Horn, G. W. Cole, N. A. TI The Relevancy of Forage Quality to Beef Production SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HARVESTED WHEAT FORAGE; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; GROWING CATTLE; CRUDE PROTEIN; PASTURE; STEERS AB Low cost and abundant fossil fuels have driven the U. S. beef industry toward greater dependence on feed grains as the major feedstuff for finished beef cattle production. Further, it has led to a centralized beef cattle feeding and processing system concentrated in the High Plains states. Low cost fuel and mechanization of harvesting of forages allowed cow-calf producers to calve in late winter, which produced older heavier calves in the fall. The stocker industry evolved as a cushion between the cow-calf producer, stabilizing the flow of cattle into the feedlots and resulting in a steady flow out of the feedlots, through the processing plants, and into the retail market. In the future, other domesticated species and biofuel demands will out bid beef cattle for feed grains and transportation cost of live and processed beef cattle will increase. As a result, a greater proportion of our finished beef supply must come from forage-based diets harvested by grazing beef cattle and the final product will be processed nearer to the consumer to lower food miles and total cost of the finished product. Improving forage quality, extending the grazing season, selecting beef cattle that are efficient converters of forages into body weigh gain, and developing sustainable forage-based grazing production systems will be imperative. C1 [Phillips, W. A.] ARS, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Horn, G. W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Cole, N. A.] ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Phillips, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Bphillips53@cox.net NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 410 EP 419 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0382 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900005 ER PT J AU Maloney, PV Lyerly, JH Wooten, DR Anderson, JM Livingston, DP Brown-Guedira, G Marshall, D Murphy, JP AF Maloney, P. V. Lyerly, J. H. Wooten, D. R. Anderson, J. M. Livingston, D. P., III Brown-Guedira, G. Marshall, D. Murphy, J. P. TI Marker Development and Quantitative Trait Loci in a Fall-Sown Oat Recombinant Inbred Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; HARDINESS COMPONENT TRAITS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SSR MARKERS; BREAD WHEAT; CULTIVATED OAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; FREEZING TOLERANCE AB Marker-assisted selection for improved winter survival in oat (Avena sativa L.) is difficult because the number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers available in this species is limited. The objectives of this research were to increase the number of SSR markers on the 'Fulghum' x 'Norline' recombinant inbred population genetic map and to scan for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with winter field survival, crown freezing tolerance, vernalization response, and heading date. New SSR markers were developed from 'Kanota' and 'Ogle' genomic DNA libraries enriched for eight microsatellite motifs. New primers were evaluated for amplification, reproducibility, and polymorphism in 11 oat lines. Simple sequence repeat markers showing high-quality polymorphism between Fulghum and Norline were subsequently examined in 128 recombinant inbred lines. Sixty-five new SSR, four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were added to the Fulghum x Norline linkage map. This brought the total number of markers mapped on the population to 101. Phenotypic data for winter hardiness component traits in the population were obtained in previous field and controlled chamber experiments. All previously mapped markers and new SSR markers were evaluated and QTL identified. Marker loci on linkage group FN1_3_38 accounted for multiple QTL associated with winter hardiness component traits. The addition of new SSR markers to the Fulghum x Norline map in regions with winter hardiness component trait QTL will enhance marker assisted selection for these important traits. C1 [Maloney, P. V.; Lyerly, J. H.; Murphy, J. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wooten, D. R.] Monsanto Co, Stonington, IL 62563 USA. [Marshall, D.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dep Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Anderson, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Dep Agron, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Maloney, PV (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pvmalone@ncsu.edu NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 490 EP 502 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0224 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900012 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Garvin, DF Jin, Y AF Kolmer, J. A. Garvin, D. F. Jin, Y. TI Expression of a Thatcher Wheat Adult Plant Stem Rust Resistance QTL on Chromosome Arm 2BL is Enhanced by Lr34 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; MULTIPLE FUNGAL PATHOGENS; LEAF RUST; GENE; INHERITANCE; VIRULENCE; CANTHATCH; PASQUA; TTKS AB An F(6) recombinant inbred line (RIL) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) population derived from RL6071, a stem rust susceptible line, and RL6058, a backcross line of Thatcher wheat with Lr34 that is highly resistant to stem rust, was evaluated for adult plant stem rust resistance in North Dakota in 1999, and in Kenya in 2007 and 2008. In all three tests, most RILs that exhibited low stem rust severity had Lr34 and most lines that had high disease severity lacked Lr34. Molecular mapping with DArT and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers detected a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for adult plant stem rust resistance on chromosome arm 2BL. The RILs with both Lr34 and DArT marker wPt5044 on 2BL had significantly lower stem rust severities compared with lines that only had Lr34 in North Dakota 1999 and Kenya 2008. Marker wPt5044 alone did not significantly increase stem rust resistance. The QTL region on 2BL was not associated with any previously mapped Thatcher seedling stem rust resistance genes. The stem rust resistance in Thatcher enhanced by the presence of Lr34 is effective to different races in North America and Kenya and mapped to the same QTL. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.; Jin, Y.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Garvin, D. F.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jim.kolmer@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 526 EP 533 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0381 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900015 ER PT J AU So, YS Edwards, J AF So, Yoon-Sup Edwards, Jode TI Predictive Ability Assessment of Linear Mixed Models in Multienvironment Trials in Corn SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD TRIALS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; SELECTION AB Prediction of future performance of cultivars is an important objective of multienvironment trials (MET). A series of linear mixed models with varying degrees of heterogeneous genotypic variance, correlation, and error variance structure were compared for their ability to predict performance in an untested environment in 51 data sets from the Iowa Crop Performance Test for corn (Zea mays L.). In most cases there was no substantial improvement in predictions among models that included heterogeneity of genotypic variance-covariance components, but the best prediction model included heterogeneous environment-specific error variances in 63% of data sets analyzed. The largest differences in predictive ability among models appeared to be due to poor estimation of genotypic covariance components in data sets with few common hybrids across 2 yr in a data set. Simulation confirmed the observation from cross validation. Our results suggested that predictions were not improved by modeling heterogeneous genotypic covariance components because of the small number of common hybrids across years. Inclusion of heterogeneous error variances did lead to slight improvements in predictions. C1 [So, Yoon-Sup] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Edwards, Jode] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Edwards, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Jode.Edwards@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 542 EP 552 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0338 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900017 ER PT J AU Ali, ML Baenziger, PS Al Ajlouni, Z Campbell, BT Gill, KS Eskridge, KM Mujeeb-Kazi, A Dweikat, I AF Ali, M. Liakat Baenziger, P. Stephen Al Ajlouni, Zakaria Campbell, B. Todd Gill, K. S. Eskridge, K. M. Mujeeb-Kazi, A. Dweikat, Ismail TI Mapping QTL for Agronomic Traits on Wheat Chromosome 3A and a Comparison of Recombinant Inbred Chromosome Line Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; YIELD-RELATED TRAITS; GRAIN-YIELD; BREAD WHEAT; SUBSTITUTION LINES; X ENVIRONMENT; LINKAGE MAPS; COMMON WHEAT; GENETIC-MAP AB Variation for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and agronomic traits was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a 'Cheyenne' (CNN) x [CNN ('Wichita' 3A)] recombinant inbred chromosome line (RICL) population consisting of 223 CNN(RICLs3A) and 7 check cultivars that were evaluated in six environments in Nebraska during 2005-2007. A chromosome 3A linkage map spanning 106 cM was constructed using 32 microsatellite markers. Composite interval mapping detected 19 QTL for seven agronomic traits that individually accounted for 4.6 to 16.8% of the phenotypic variation. Three small genomic segments, spanning 3.4, 5.3, and 5.3 cM, contained most of the QTL. Two yield QTL were detected in two environments and in data pooled over environments. For grain volume weight, a QTL was detected in five of the six environments while a plant height QTL was detected in all environments. Wichita (WI) alleles contributed to the increased trait values for yield, spikes per square meter, and grain volume weight, while CNN contributed alleles to the increased 1000-kernel weight, plant height, and anthesis date. Both CNN and WI contained alleles for increased number of kernels per spike. The 223 CNN(RICLs3A) set had greater power to detect QTL than the two smaller subsets-128 CNN(RICLs3A) developed using doubled haploids and 95 CNN(RICLs3A) developed using recombinant monosomic lines. Neither of the subsets performed consistently better than the other in detecting QTL. C1 [Baenziger, P. Stephen; Dweikat, Ismail] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Eskridge, K. M.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ali, M. Liakat] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Ext Cent, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Al Ajlouni, Zakaria] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Plant Prod, Irbid 22110, Jordan. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, USDA, Costal Plains Res Cent, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Gill, K. S.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mujeeb-Kazi, A.] Natl Inst Biotechnol & Genet Eng NIBGE, Faisalabad, Pakistan. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM pbaenziger1@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2004-14700] FX The research was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant 2004-14700. We thank very much Mitchell Montgmery and Gregory Dorn, Research Technologists, Dep. of Agron. and Hortic., Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, for their help with the greenhouse and field experiments, and the graduate students of the wheat breeding group, Neway Mengistu, Lekgari A. Lekgari, and Javed Sidqi, for their help with the field experiments. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 553 EP 566 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0359 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900018 ER PT J AU Miller-Garvin, JE Hansen, JL Ehlke, NJ Papadopoulos, YA Smith, RR Bergstrom, GC Wunsch, MJ Kalb, DW Tillapaugh, BP Crawford, JL Viands, DR AF Miller-Garvin, J. E. Hansen, J. L. Ehlke, N. J. Papadopoulos, Y. A. Smith, R. R. Bergstrom, G. C. Wunsch, M. J. Kalb, D. W. Tillapaugh, B. P. Crawford, J. L. Viands, D. R. TI Improving Birdsfoot Trefoil for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; REGISTRATION; SELECTION AB Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. loti) is a serious disease of birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., reducing yield of forage and seed. In the early 1990s a breeding program was begun to breed a Fusarium wilt-resistant birdsfoot trefoil. Our objectives were to (i) determine progress from recurrent phenotypic selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt in six birdsfoot trefoil populations and (ii) compare forage yield and persistence of Fusarium wilt-resistant populations to unselected populations in field trials. Recurrent phenotypic selection was effective in improving resistance in the greenhouse, with mean improvement of 35% across all populations after three cycles of selection. In a field with high natural disease pressure, a population developed after two cycles of selection for resistance had lower levels of disease incidence and yielded 1.33 Mg ha(-1) more than the mean of nine cultivars in the seeding year. The Fusarium wilt-resistant population had 52% higher plant stand than the mean of the other cultivars at the end of the first production year. In a trial inoculated with the Fusarium wilt organism, two cycle 3 populations averaged 28% more yield by June of the fourth production year and 22 more plants per m(2) than the mean of the unselected populations. Birdsfoot trefoil with resistance to Fusarium wilt yielded more and persisted longer than other cultivars under Fusarium wilt-infested field conditions. C1 [Hansen, J. L.; Crawford, J. L.; Viands, D. R.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miller-Garvin, J. E.; Ehlke, N. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Papadopoulos, Y. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Smith, R. R.] ARS, USDA, MWA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bergstrom, G. C.; Wunsch, M. J.; Kalb, D. W.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tillapaugh, B. P.] Cornell Cooperat Extens Wyoming Cty, Warsaw, NY 14569 USA. RP Hansen, JL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jlh17@cornell.edu FU Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [NYC-149416] FX This research was part of the NE-1010 Multistate Cooperative Research Project, "Breeding and Genetics of Forage Crops to Improve Productivity, Quality, and Industrial Uses." This research was supported in part by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch funds, Project No. NYC-149416 received from Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Use of specific products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by Cornell University and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable ones. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0232 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900022 ER PT J AU Riday, H AF Riday, Heathcliffe TI Paternity Testing: A Non-Linkage Based Marker-Assisted Selection Scheme for Outbred Forage Species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L.; WHITE CLOVER; SSR MARKERS; RELATEDNESS; POPULATIONS; ALLELES; GENOME; MAP AB In many major perennial forage species, genomic tools and infrastructure development has advanced enough that their utilization in marker-assisted selection (MAS) can be cheaply explored. This paper presents a paternity testing MAS in diploid red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Utilizing individual plant phenotypes, known maternity, and molecular marker-determined paternity, paternal and maternal breeding values are calculated and selection on both parents is accomplished. Paternity testing MAS is demonstrated in three red clover breeding populations utilizing permutation-based truncation selection for a biomass-persistence index trait. Permutation-based truncation selection is accomplished by ranking parents based on 80% of total progeny per permutation. Parental rankings are then used to select among the remaining 20% of total progeny and average selection gains across all permutations are estimated. Paternity was determined from 11 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) amplified in two polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Paternity-based selection gains alone were more than double selection gains based on maternity alone. Inexplicably, the estimated paternal halfsib family additive genetic variance was four to five times greater than the maternal halfsib family additive genetic variance. Paternity testing MAS is implementable in other diploid forage species and allopolyploid forage species with one diploid genome and corresponding genome specific molecular markers. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Heathcliffe.Riday@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.07.0390 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900027 ER PT J AU Niu, ZX Klindworth, DL Wang, RRC Jauhar, PP Larkin, PJ Xu, SS AF Niu, Z. X. Klindworth, D. L. Wang, R. R. -C. Jauhar, P. P. Larkin, P. J. Xu, S. S. TI Characterization of HMW Glutenin Subunits in Thinopyrum intermedium, Th. bessarabicum, Lophopyrum elongatum, Aegilops markgrafii, and Their Addition Lines in Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; AGROPYRON-ELONGATUM; GENOME EVOLUTION; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES AB High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits (GSs) play an important role in determining end-use quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). They are also excellent protein markers for genotype identification. In this study, we analyzed the HMW-GSs in Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) A. Love, Th. intermedium (Host) Barkworth and D. R. Dewey, Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love, and A. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer and genotyped eight sets of 44 disomic addition lines derived from these species in common wheat or durum wheat background using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and urea/SDS-PAGE. A total of 20 unique alleles for HMW-GSs were identified from the alien species. Among the eight sets of addition lines, only four addition lines carried the HMW-GSs derived from alien species. In the wheat-Th. intermedium chromosome 1Ai addition line TA3649, the HMW-GSs encoded by Glu-D1 were not expressed while the alien HMW-GSs were present, indicating that the Glu-D1 locus might be lost or the alien chromosomes might have silenced the expression of the Glu-D1 alleles. The wheat-Th. intermedium chromosome 7Ai long arm ditelosomic addition line, TA3659, carried two sets of HMW-GSs (1Dx4+1Dy12 and 1Dx5+1Dy10) encoded by the Glu-D1 locus. The results in this study also provided information on the alien chromosome donors and wheat parents for some disomic addition lines. Such information is useful for the development of molecular markers that will facilitate the introgression of desirable genes from the alien chromosomes into wheat genomes. The identified novel HMW-GS alleles may serve as new genetic resources for wheat quality improvement. C1 [Niu, Z. X.; Klindworth, D. L.; Jauhar, P. P.; Xu, S. S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Wang, R. R. -C.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Larkin, P. J.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov RI Larkin, Philip/A-9468-2008 OI Larkin, Philip/0000-0002-2608-1924 FU USDA [5442-22000-080-033-00D] FX The authors thank Qijun Zhang for providing technical assistance with SDS-PAGE analysis. This material is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-22000-080-033-00D. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 26 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 667 EP 677 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0235 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900031 ER PT J AU Walker, DR Boerma, HR Phillips, DV Schneider, RW Buckley, JB Shipe, ER Mueller, JD Weaver, DB Sikora, EJ Moore, SH Hartman, GL Miles, MR Harris, DK Wright, DL Marois, JJ Nelson, RL AF Walker, D. R. Boerma, H. R. Phillips, D. V. Schneider, R. W. Buckley, J. B. Shipe, E. R. Mueller, J. D. Weaver, D. B. Sikora, E. J. Moore, S. H. Hartman, G. L. Miles, M. R. Harris, D. K. Wright, D. L. Marois, J. J. Nelson, R. L. TI Evaluation of USDA Soybean Germplasm Accessions for Resistance to Soybean Rust in the Southern United States SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; CONFERS RESISTANCE; ASIAN RUST; PARAGUAY; GENES; LOCUS; YIELD; CONFIRMATION; INHERITANCE; GREENHOUSE AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resistance to soybean rust (SBR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi could reduce reliance on fungicides to manage this disease. The objective of this study was to identify soybean germplasm with resistance to field populations of P. pachyrhizi in the United States. Field evaluations of 576 accessions from the USDA Soybean Germ-plasm Collection for resistance to SBR were conducted at seven locations in the southern United States between 2006 and 2008. Accessions from maturity groups (MG) 000 to X and North American susceptible check cultivars from each MG except X were rated for disease severity in all year-location environments, and for disease incidence, fungal sporulation, lesion type, and/or uredinia density in certain environments. While none of the accessions was immune in all environments, 64 were resistant in two or more locations each year that they were tested. Some accessions appeared to be more resistant in certain environments than in others. Of the original four Rpp genes described in the literature, Rpp1 provided the highest level of resistance, and among the accessions with uncharacterized Rpp genes, PI 567104B had the highest overall resistance across environments. The plant introductions confirmed to be resistant in these evaluations should be useful sources of genes for resistance to North American populations of P. pachyrhizi. C1 [Walker, D. R.; Hartman, G. L.; Miles, M. R.; Nelson, R. L.] USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Walker, D. R.; Hartman, G. L.; Miles, M. R.; Nelson, R. L.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Boerma, H. R.; Harris, D. K.] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Phillips, D. V.] Univ Georgia, Dep Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Schneider, R. W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Buckley, J. B.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Bossier City, LA 71113 USA. [Shipe, E. R.] Clemson Univ, Dep Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mueller, J. D.] Clemson Univ, Dep Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. [Weaver, D. B.] Auburn Univ, Dep Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36848 USA. [Sikora, E. J.] Auburn Univ, Dep Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36848 USA. [Moore, S. H.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Alexandria, LA 71302 USA. [Wright, D. L.; Marois, J. J.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Walker, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM david.walker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; United Soybean Board [6235] FX The authors wish to thank the USDA-ARS and the United Soybean Board (through USB Project no. 6235) for supporting this research. We would like to thank several individuals who helped in one way or another with this research, including Todd Bedford, Gina Bishop, Dale Wood, David Spradling, Richard Miller, Maynard Douglas, Debbie Green, Kelly O'Brien, Katey Pauls, Pratibha Srivastava, Brian Diers, Malcolm Pegues, Mildred Deloach, Ed Ready, Steve Muench, Mark Halsey, and Rich Joost. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 678 EP 693 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0340 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900032 ER PT J AU Bhattarai, K Bushman, BS Johnson, DA Carman, JG AF Bhattarai, Kishor Bushman, B. Shaun Johnson, Douglas A. Carman, John G. TI Searls Prairie Clover (Dalea searlsiae) for Rangeland Revegetation: Phenotypic and Genetic Evaluations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; AFLP MARKERS; DIVERSITY; RESTORATION; DISTANCE; FITNESS; LANDSCAPE; INVASION AB Few North American legumes are available for use in rangeland revegetation in the western USA, but Searls prairie clover [Dalea searlsiae (A. Gray) Barneby] is one that holds promise. Commercial-scale seed production of this species could address the issues of unreliable seed availability and high seed costs associated with its wildland seed collection. To evaluate its utility for revegetation, we collected Searls prairie clover at 20 locations across Utah and Nevada. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and morphological and phenotypic traits (measured in common-garden plots) were used to clarify the role of evolutionary forces responsible for its genetic structure. Collections were evaluated for dry-matter yield, inflorescence weight, number of inflorescences, plant height, foliage diameter, flowering date, acid-detergent fiber, neutral-detergent fiber, and crude protein at two common-garden locations in northern Utah. Collections from southern Utah and eastern Nevada exhibited high phenotypic values, whereas collections from western Nevada and northwestern Utah had low phenotypic values. Collections from northwestern Utah were genetically differentiated from those of southern Utah and Nevada via AFLP markers. Strong isolation by distance between collections suggests that genetic drift and gene flow are important factors in determining population structure in Searls prairie clover. C1 [Bushman, B. Shaun; Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bhattarai, Kishor; Carman, John G.] Utah State Univ, Dep Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Shaun.Bushman@ars.usda.gov FU DOI/BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We appreciate the assistance of Kevin Connors and Lisa Michaels in both the field and laboratory. This research was partly funded by the Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project through the DOI/BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative and the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. The Center for Integrated Biosystems at Utah State University and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station also provided graduate student support to Kishor Bhattarai. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 716 EP 727 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.07.0387 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900035 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Jensen, KB AF Robins, Joseph G. Jensen, Kevin B. TI Identification of Creeping Foxtail Germplasm with High Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES; GENETIC PROGRESS; BROMEGRASS; QUALITY AB While creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.) is widely grown in wet meadows and pastures throughout temperate regions of the United States and world, only the cultivars 'Garrison' and 'Retain' have been developed in the United States. These cultivars represent a narrow genetic base and substantial improvement of creeping foxtail may be realized by incorporating additional germplasm resources into a cultivar development program. The study described herein compared the agronomic and nutritive value of 47 creeping foxtail accessions to that of Garrison and Retain in a field study conducted over two production years at a site near Richmond, UT. The effect of accessions was separated into the component due to the region of origin and the component due to the accession per se. Differences were limited among region of origin, although significant differences occurred for dry matter yield and in vitro true digestibility. The U. S. cultivars had the numerically highest dry matter yield (116 g plot(-1)) and the Mongolian accessions (945 g kg(-1)) had higher in vitro true digestibility than the other regions. Differences among the individual accessions occurred for all traits except rhizome spread. A group of seven accessions from Afghanistan, Iran, Russia, and Turkey exhibited high dry matter yield and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. These accessions could be combined with the cultivar Garrison to develop a broad base population for further creeping foxtail improvement and cultivar development. C1 [Robins, Joseph G.; Jensen, Kevin B.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Joseph.Robins@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 728 EP 735 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0347 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900036 ER PT J AU McCord, PH Sosinski, BR Haynes, KG Clough, ME Yencho, GC AF McCord, Per H. Sosinski, Bryon R. Haynes, Kathleen G. Clough, Mark E. Yencho, G. Craig TI Linkage Mapping and QTL Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Tetraploid Potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp tuberosum) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LATE BLIGHT; INSECT RESISTANCE; ISATIS-INDIGOTICA; GENETIC-LINKAGE; STARCH CONTENT; RFLP ANALYSIS; DRY-MATTER; LOCI; GENOME; GRAVITY AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world's most important crops. Using a tetraploid population, we developed a linkage map using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) via interval mapping and single-marker analysis of variance. Quantitative trait loci were detected for flower color, foliage maturity, tuber skin texture, dry matter content, specific gravity, and yield. Most linkage groups were anchored to Solanum chromosomes using SSRs. The most significant QTL detected was for flower color. It was located on chromosome II and explained over 40% of the variation for this trait. This QTL most likely corresponds to the R locus for red anthocyanin production. We also confirmed the presence of QTL for foliage maturity on chromosomes III and V. For skin texture, a trait that has not been previously mapped in potato, we detected multiple QTL. One of these, found on chromosome III, explained 20% of the variation. By measuring specific gravity and dry matter independently we were able to detect QTL for these traits that did not co-locate, even though the traits are strongly correlated. Yield QTL were detected on multiple chromosomes, including a novel one on chromosome III. Many QTL could be modeled as simplex or duplex with dominant effects, but a large number displayed additive or interallelic interactive effects. The mapping and modeling of traits in this tetraploid population could be improved by the use of more codominant markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms. C1 [Sosinski, Bryon R.; Yencho, G. Craig] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCord, Per H.] Washington State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Haynes, Kathleen G.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Clough, Mark E.] N Carolina State Univ, Vernon G James Res & Extens Ctr, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. RP Yencho, GC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Campus Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM craig_yencho@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 30 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 771 EP 785 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0108 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900040 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI Leaf Transpiration Efficiency of Sweet Corn Varieties from Three Eras of Breeding SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; SORGHUM; TRAITS; MAIZE AB When measured under midday field conditions, modern varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) often have substomatal carbon dioxide concentration (C(i)) values in excess of those required to saturate the photosynthetic carbon dioxide assimilation rate (A). This results in lower leaf transpiration efficiency (TE), the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration, than potentially achievable for a given rate of photosynthesis. In some other crops, breeding has indirectly resulted in a large increase in stomatal conductance (g(s)), which would decrease TE. I tested whether this occurred in sweet corn by comparing five open-pollinated varieties released before 1903 with four standard hybrid varieties released in the mid-1900s and four varieties released after 1990. Leaf gas exchange of each variety was measured under ambient midday field conditions on eight sunny days over two seasons in Beltsville, MD. Although there were significant differences among varieties in g(s), A, C(i), and TE, no effect of era was significant for any variable except A. Of the four modern varieties tested, two had the highest g(s) and two had the lowest g(s) of any of the varieties compared, with high g(s) associated with low TE. These four varieties were further compared in a third year and were found to differ consistently in leaf TE but not in A. It is concluded that breeding over the last century has not increased g(s) or decreased leaf TE in sweet corn but that there is significant variation in TE among modern sweet corn varieties. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 793 EP 799 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0509 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900042 ER PT J AU Amundsen, K Rotter, D Li, HM Messing, J Jung, G Belanger, F Warnke, S AF Amundsen, Keenan Rotter, David Li, Huaijun Michael Messing, Joachim Jung, Geunhwa Belanger, Faith Warnke, Scott TI Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Element Identification and Genetic Marker Development in Agrostis SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOSE RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS; LINKAGE MAP; AFLP MARKERS; CREEPING BENTGRASS; COLONIAL BENTGRASS; MAIZE GENOME; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; FAMILY; RETROTRANSPOSONS AB Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is an important species to the turfgrass industry because of its adaptation for use in high quality turf stands such as golf course putting greens, tees, and fairways. Creeping bentgrass is a highly outcrossing allotetraploid, making genetic marker development difficult. Genetic markers anchored to miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) were developed in Agrostis that could be used in genetic linkage mapping, quantitative trait loci studies, or diversity analyses. The FindMITE software program identified 495 candidate MITEs from 16,122 Agrostis DNA sequences. There was evidence of transposition in 79 of the candidate MITEs based on MITE insertional polymorphisms. Genetic markers were developed by MITE-display, a modified amplified fragment length polymorphism technique that anchors amplified fragments to MITEs. Four MITE-display primer combinations were tested on a creeping bentgrass experimental mapping population and 139 polymorphic markers were developed with a polymorphic information content of 0.33. Twenty-eight of the polymorphic genetic markers segregated normally. MITE-display genetic markers are a new class of genetic markers for studies of the Agrostis genome. These genetic markers target transposable elements and provide an easy method of identifying allelic variation between Agrostis accessions that may be used for diversity studies or genetic linkage map development. C1 [Amundsen, Keenan; Warnke, Scott] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rotter, David] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Li, Huaijun Michael; Belanger, Faith] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Messing, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst Microbiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Jung, Geunhwa] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Warnke, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM scott.warnke@ars.usda.gov FU United States Golf Association FX This work was supported by the United States Golf Association. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 854 EP 861 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0215 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900049 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Carver, BF Edwards, JT AF MacKown, Charles T. Carver, Brett F. Edwards, Jeffrey T. TI Variation in Crude Protein and In Vitro Dry Matter Digestion of Wheat Forage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAZING WINTER-WHEAT; CONDENSED TANNINS; PASTURE BLOAT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FROTHY BLOAT; INITIAL RATE; ALFALFA; CATTLE; DYNAMICS; NITRATE AB Pasture bloat can be a serious problem for ruminant livestock grazing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Decreased gains with non-lethal bloat episodes, yearly herd deaths up to 2%, and the cost and risk of active intervention reduce profits. Wheat has high digestibility, crude protein (CP), and soluble N fractions, traits associated with bloat-provoking forages. We characterized variation in CP and initial in vitro dry matter digestion (IVDMD) of wheat varieties and experimental lines to gain knowledge needed to develop genotypes that might decrease frequency and severity of bloat. Late fall forage from seven trials (34 different varieties) and late fall and late winter forage from 221 experimental breeding lines were analyzed. Significant (p < 0.05) differences among varieties and breeding lines were found for CP and IVDMD; trait variation among breeding lines was often greater than among the check varieties Duster, Endurance, Jagger, and Overley. Differences in CP among breeding lines were as great as 47% and averaged 15% for the variety trials. After an 8 h incubation differences in the percent IVDMD among breeding lines were as great as 97% and averaged 24% for the variety trials. Correlations of CP with initial IVDMD traits were not significant or only weakly correlated (variety trials, r = 0.11, p = 0.01, and n = 484), thus development of wheat varieties with reduced CP and low initial rates of IVDMD will require simultaneous selection for both traits. C1 [Carver, Brett F.; Edwards, Jeffrey T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [MacKown, Charles T.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Edwards, JT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jeff.edwards@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation; Oklahoma Wheat Commission FX Assistance with collecting, processing, and analyzing of forage samples was provided by Jeff Weik, Kolby Bollinger, Kory Bollinger, Clendon Tucker, Delmar Shantz, and Cindy Coy of the USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory. Richard Austin, Wayne Whitmore, and other Oklahoma State University personnel established the variety and breeding line trials. Partial financial support from the Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation and the Oklahoma Wheat Commission made this research possible. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 878 EP 891 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0319 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900052 ER PT J AU Line, J Hiett, K Guard, J Seal, B AF Line, John Hiett, Kelli Guard, Jean Seal, Bruce TI Temperature Affects Sole Carbon Utilization Patterns of Campylobacter coli 49941 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-CONSERVATION; JEJUNI; COLONIZATION; METABOLISM; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB Campylobacter spp. are small, asaccharolytic bacteria exhibiting unique nutritional and environmental requirements. Campylobacter spp. exist as commensal organisms in some animal species, yet are estimated to be the most common causative agents of foodborne illness in humans. C. jejuni is most often associated with poultry, while C. coli are more frequently associated with swine. Temperature has been suggested to trigger potential colonization or virulence factors in C. jejuni, and recent studies have demonstrated temperature-dependent genes are important to colonization. It is possible that temperature-dependent colonization factors are in part responsible for the species-specific colonization characteristics of C. coli also. We determined utilization of 190 different sole carbon substrates by C. coli ATCC 49941 at 37 and 42A degrees C using phenotype microarray (PM) technology. Temperature did affect amino acid utilization. l-asparagine and l-serine allowed significantly (P = 0.004) more respiration by C. coli ATCC 49941 at the lower temperature of 37A degrees C as compared to 42A degrees C. Conversely, l-glutamine was utilized to a significantly greater extent (P = 0.015) at the higher temperature of 42A degrees C. Other organic substrates exhibited temperature-dependent utilization including succinate, d,l-malate, and propionate which all supported active respiration by C. coli to a significantly greater extent at 42A degrees C. Further investigation is needed to determine the basis for the temperature-dependent utilization of substrates by Campylobacter spp. and their possible role in species-specific colonization. C1 [Line, John; Hiett, Kelli; Seal, Bruce] ARS, USDA, PMSRU, Athens, GA USA. [Guard, Jean] ARS, USDA, ESQRU, Athens, GA USA. RP Line, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PMSRU, Athens, GA USA. EM eric.line@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 3 BP 821 EP 825 DI 10.1007/s00284-010-9785-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 726VL UT WOS:000287754500020 PM 20981547 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Hunter, WJ Vivanco, JM AF Manter, Daniel K. Hunter, William J. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Enterobacter soli sp nov.: A Lignin-Degrading gamma-Proteobacteria Isolated from Soil SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERMENTATIVE HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; FLUOROMETRIC METHOD; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; ASBURIAE; MICROORGANISMS; REASSIGNMENT; ENVIRONMENT; DISSOLVENS AB A Gram-negative bacterium that formed cream-colored colonies designated strain LF7 was isolated from soil collected in the Tambopata National Reserve in Madre de Dios, Peru. 16S rRNA sequence comparisons indicate that LF7 is a novel Enterobacter sp. closely related to E. asburiae JCM 6051(T) [AB004744] and E. aerogenes JCM 1235(T) [AB004750] based on their sequence homologies (p-distance: 1.06 and 1.19%, respectively). DNA G + C content was 52.8 mol% which is within the range reported for E. asburiae (55-57 mol%). The major cellular fatty acids present in the LF7 strain were C(16:0) (27.3%), C(16:1) omega 7c and/or C(16:1) omega 6c (16.3%), C(18:1) omega 7c (16.1%), C(17:0) cyclo (12.4%), C(14:0) 3-OH and/or C(16:1) iso-I (8.9%), C(14:0) (7.6%), C(12:0) (3.9%), C(17:0) (2.4%), C(13:0) 3-OH and/or C(15:1) iso-H (1.7%), C(13:0) (1.1%), and C(18:2) omega 6,9c and/or C(18:0) ante (0.5%). The cellular fatty acid profile, G + C content, phenotypic and biochemical characteristics were consistent with its placement in the genus Enterobacter. The name Enterobacter soli is proposed for this bacterium. C1 [Manter, Daniel K.; Hunter, William J.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0542642]; NSF; Fulbright Commission; Guggenheim Memorial Foundation FX The authors thank Robin Montenieri for her expert technical assistance. Manufacturer and product brand names are given for the reader's convenience and do not reflect endorsement by the U.S. government. This article was the work of U.S. government employees engaged in their official duties and is exempt from copyright. Funding in JMV's laboratory was provided by the National Science Foundation (MCB-0542642). JMV also acknowledges additional funding provided for the studies in Tambopata by NSF International Programs, the Fulbright Commission and the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 3 BP 1044 EP 1049 DI 10.1007/s00284-010-9809-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 726VL UT WOS:000287754500053 PM 21104086 ER PT J AU He, HQ Genovese, KJ Kogut, MH AF He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Kogut, Michael H. TI Modulation of chicken macrophage effector function by T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokines SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE Cytokine; Nitric oxide; Oxidative burst; Salmonella; Chicken macrophage ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS; IFN-GAMMA-PRODUCTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; AVIAN MACROPHAGE; EIMERIA-TENELLA; MAREKS-DISEASE; IN-VITRO AB Regulation of macrophage activity by T(H)1/2 cytokines is important to maintain the balance of immunity to provide adequate protective immunity while avoiding excessive inflammation. IFN-gamma and IL-4 are the hallmark T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines, respectively. In avian species, information concerning regulation of macrophage activity by T(H)1/2 cytokines is limited. Here, we investigated the regulatory function of chicken TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-18 and T(H)2 cytokines IL-4, IL-10 on the HD11 macrophage cell line. Chicken IFN-gamma stimulated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in HD11 cells and primed the cells to produce significantly greater amounts of NO when exposed to microbial agonists, lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, CpG-ODN, and poly I:C. In contrast, chicken IL-4 exhibited bi-directional immune regulatory activity: it activated macrophage NO synthesis in the absence of inflammatory agonists, but inhibited NO production by macrophages in response to microbial agonists. Both IFN-gamma and IL-4, however, enhanced oxidative burst activity of the HD11 cells when exposed to Salmonella enteritidis. IL-18 and IL-10 did not affect NO production nor oxidative burst in HD11 cells. Phagocytosis and bacterial killing by the HD11 cells were not affected by the treatments of these cytokines. Infection of HD11 cells with S. enteritidis was shown to completely abolish NO production regardless of IFN-gamma treatment. This study has demonstrated that IFN-gamma and IL-4 are important T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines that regulate macrophage function in chickens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [He, Haiqi; Genovese, Kenneth J.; Kogut, Michael H.] ARS, So Plain Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP He, HQ (reprint author), ARS, So Plain Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM haiqi.he@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD MAR PY 2011 VL 53 IS 3 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.12.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 727YV UT WOS:000287840200017 PM 21208811 ER PT J AU Ouyang, Y Luo, SM Cui, LH AF Ouyang, Y. Luo, S. M. Cui, L. H. TI Estimation of nitrogen dynamics in a vertical-flow constructed wetland SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Constructed wetland; Growing plant; Nitrogen dynamics; STELLA; Vertical flow ID SUBSURFACE FLOW; TRANSPORT; REMOVAL AB The vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is a promising engineering technique for removal of excess nutrients and certain pollutants from wastewater and stormwater. The aim of this study was to develop a model using the STELLA software for estimating nitrogen (N) dynamics in an artificial VFCW (i.e., a substrate column with six zones) associated with a growing Cyperus alternifolius species under a wetting (wastewater) -to-drying ratio of 1:3. The model was calibrated by our experimental data with a reasonable agreement prior to its applications. Simulations showed that rates of NH(4)(+)-N and NO(3)(-)-N leaching decreased with increasing zone number (or column depth), although such a decrease was much more profound for NH(4)(+)-N. Our simulations further revealed that rate of NH(4)(+)-N leaching decreased with time within each zone, whereas rate of NO(3)(-)-N leaching increased with time within each zone. Additionally, both the rates of NH(4)(+)-N and NO(3)(-)-N leaching through zones followed the water flow pattern: break-through during wetting period and cessation during drying period. In general, the cumulative amounts of total nitrogen (TN) were in the following order: leaching > denitrification > uptake > settlement. About 54% of the TN from the wastewater flowed out of the VFCW system, 18% of TN lost due to denitrification, 6% of TN was taken up by roots of a single plant (one hill), and the rest of 22% TN from the wastewater was removed from other mechanisms, such as volatilization, adsorption, and deposition. This study suggested that to improve the overall performance of a VFCW for N removal, prevention of N leaching loss was one of the major issues. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ouyang, Y.] St Johns River Water Management Dist, Dept Water Resources, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. [Luo, S. M.] S China Agr Univ, Minist Agr, Ecol Agr Key Lab, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Cui, L. H.] S China Agr Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Ouyang, Y (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 100 Stone Blvd,Thompson Hall,Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM youyang@fs.fed.us FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30828005] FX The study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30828005). NR 17 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.008 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 730OJ UT WOS:000288043000006 ER PT J AU Larocque, GR Bhatti, JS Ascough, JC Liu, J Luckai, N Mailly, D Archambault, L Gordon, AM AF Larocque, G. R. Bhatti, J. S. Ascough, J. C., II Liu, J. Luckai, N. Mailly, D. Archambault, L. Gordon, A. M. TI An analytical framework to assist decision makers in the use of forest ecosystem model predictions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Decision flow chart; Decision making; Ecosystem modelling; Uncertainty analysis; Forest ecosystems ID CARBON BUDGET MODEL; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIMULATION; RUNOFF; IDENTIFIABILITY AB The predictions from most forest ecosystem models originate from deterministic simulations. However, few evaluation exercises for model outputs are performed by either model developers or users. This issue has important consequences for decision makers using these models to develop natural resource management policies, as they cannot evaluate the extent to which predictions stemming from the simulation of alternative management scenarios may result in significant environmental or economic differences. Various numerical methods, such as sensitivity/uncertainty analyses, or bootstrap methods, may be used to evaluate models and the errors associated with their outputs. However, the application of each of these methods carries unique challenges which decision makers do not necessarily understand; guidance is required when interpreting the output generated from each model. This paper proposes a decision flow chart in the form of an analytical framework to help decision makers apply, in an orderly fashion, different steps involved in examining the model outputs. The analytical framework is discussed with regard to the definition of problems and objectives and includes the following topics: model selection, identification of alternatives, modelling tasks and selecting alternatives for developing policy or implementing management scenarios. Its application is illustrated using an on-going exercise in developing silvicultural guidelines for a forest management enterprise in Ontario, Canada. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Larocque, G. R.; Archambault, L.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Bhatti, J. S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Liu, J.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Luckai, N.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Mailly, D.] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune Quebec, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. [Gordon, A. M.] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Larocque, GR (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380,Stn Ste Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM guy.larocque@nrcan.gc.ca FU Forestry Future Trust Fund, Ontario FX Sincere thanks are extended to the Forestry Future Trust Fund, Ontario, for allowing Nancy Luckai to spend time on this project, and to C.F. Zhang, F.-R. Meng and Paul Arp, from the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Canada, and J.A. Trofymow, with the Canadian Forest Service in Victoria, B.C., Canada, for allowing us to use their litter decomposition data. In addition, we would like to thank four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments for the preparation of the revised version of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.009 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707KH UT WOS:000286284700005 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Fisher, DS Endale, DM Adams, P AF Jenkins, Michael B. Fisher, Dwight S. Endale, Dinku M. Adams, Paige TI Comparative Die-off of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Pond Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; QUANTIFYING DILUTE CONCENTRATIONS; PROBABLE NUMBER METHODOLOGY; COLI O157-H7; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; E. COLI; SURVIVAL AB In situ and in vitro experiments were performed to assess the effects of solar radiation and predation by indigenous microflora on the relative die-off rates of a toxigenic strain of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, commensal E. coli, and fecal enterococci in surface waters from ponds in agricultural watersheds. The objective of these experiments was to discern a mechanism of persistence of E. coli 0157:H7 in surface waters compared to fecal indicator bacteria. Results of these experiments indicated that E. coli and fecal enterococci were affected by both insolation and apparent predation; whereas E. coli 0157:H7 appeared to be resistant to both of these environmental stressors. The number of days to reach 99% die-off (T-99-values) for E. coli 0157:H7 was significantly greater than that for the indicator bacteria. The capacity to prolong die-off may be connected to the apparent persistence of E. coli 0157:H7 in surface waters. C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.; Fisher, Dwight S.; Endale, Dinku M.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Adams, Paige] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES FX We express our appreciation to Shaheen Humayoun, Stephen Norris, Anthony Dillard, Stephanie Steed, Jessica Sterling, Michael Martin, and Brooke Powell for their expert technical assistance. This study was supported in part by a grant from the USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1853 EP 1858 DI 10.1021/es1032019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 725HZ UT WOS:000287637100018 PM 21306148 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Knapp, RA Sparling, DW Nash, MS Stanley, KA Tallent-Halsell, NG McConnell, LL Simonich, SM AF Bradford, David F. Knapp, Roland A. Sparling, Donald W. Nash, Maliha S. Stanley, Kerri A. Tallent-Halsell, Nita G. McConnell, Laura L. Simonich, Staci M. TI PESTICIDE DISTRIBUTIONS AND POPULATION DECLINES OF CALIFORNIA, USA, ALPINE FROGS, RANA MUSCOSA AND RANA SIERRAE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cholinesterase; Pseudacris sierra; Sediment; Sierra Nevada; Tadpole ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; NEVADA MOUNTAINS; MASS MORTALITY; NATIONAL-PARKS; HIGH-ELEVATION; MALATHION; TOXICITY; DISEASE AB Atmospherically deposited pesticides from the intensively cultivated Central Valley of California, USA, have been implicated as a cause for population declines of several amphibian species, with the strongest evidence for the frogs Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae at high elevation in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Previous studies on these species have relied on correlations between frog population status and either a metric for amount of upwind pesticide use or limited measurements of pesticide concentrations in the field. The present study tested the hypothesis that pesticide concentrations are negatively correlated with frog population status (i.e., fraction of suitable water bodies occupied within 2 km of a site) by measuring pesticide concentrations in multiple media twice at 28 sites at high elevation in the southern Sierra Nevada. Media represented were air, sediment, and Pseudacris sierra tadpoles. Total cholinesterase (ChE), which has been used as an indicator for organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure, was also measured in P. sierra tadpoles. Results do not support the pesticide-site occupancy hypothesis. Among 46 pesticide compounds analyzed, nine were detected with >= 30% frequency, representing both historically and currently used pesticides. In stepwise regressions with a chemical metric and linear distance from the Central Valley as predictor variables, no negative association was found between frog population status and the concentration of any pesticide or tadpole ChE activity level. By contrast, frog population status showed a strong positive relationship with linear distance from the Valley, a pattern that is consistent with a general west-to-east spread across central California of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis observed by other researchers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011:30:682-691. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Bradford, David F.; Nash, Maliha S.; Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Knapp, Roland A.] Univ Calif, Mammoth Lakes, CA USA. [Stanley, Kerri A.; Simonich, Staci M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM bradford.david@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) [DW14989008]; U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES00210] FX We are very grateful to Joanna Christion and Amanda Marusich of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) for meticulously conducting much of the field sampling and to Harold Werner, Danny Boiano, and Annie Esperanza also of SEKI for facilitating the project in many ways. We also thank Hassan Basagic, Chad Cross, Rebecca Rising, Krystal Ward, Carrie Vernon, and other members of the SEKI helicopter crew for considerable help. We are also grateful to Carlos Davidson for discussing the project, Carlos Davidson and Vance Vredenburg for sharing data, and Deborah Chaloud for reviewing the manuscript. James Seiber, Thomas Cahill, Walter Jarman, and Lara Hansen kindly reviewed the research plan for the project. The research described herein was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) through Interagency Agreement DW14989008 with the National Park Service and by the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant P30ES00210). The article has been approved for publication by the U.S. EPA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 682 EP 691 DI 10.1002/etc.425 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 728UA UT WOS:000287898800020 PM 21298712 ER PT J AU George, MLC Salazar, F Warburton, M Narro, L Vallejo, FA AF George, M. L. C. Salazar, F. Warburton, M. Narro, L. Vallejo, F. A. TI Genetic distance and hybrid value in tropical maize under P stress and non stress conditions in acid soils SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Maize; Genetic distance; Heterosis; Acid soils; P stress ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; INBRED LINES; MOLECULAR MARKERS; HETEROTIC GROUPS; FORAGE TRAITS; DIVERSITY; PERFORMANCE; RFLPS; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS AB An emphasis in maize breeding for areas with acid soils is the development of varieties with tolerance to P-deficiency plus high yield potential in acidic as well as normal soils. This study was carried out to assess the (i) genetic diversity within a set of tropical inbred lines developed from acid soil-tolerant populations; (ii) F1 yield performance, mid-parent heterosis (MPH), high-parent heterosis (HPH), and specific combining ability (SCA) in a diallel set of crosses under P stress (low P) and non-stress (high P) conditions; and (iii) the effect of P stress on the relationship between genetic distance (GD) and hybrid performance. Using field evaluation and molecular marker studies, the results show that these germplasm from the South American maize breeding program of CIMMYT for improving tolerance to acid soils had only a moderate level of genetic diversity. The utility of GD as a predictor of hybrid value is best up to a certain threshold, as correlations with GD became inconsistent when the inbred parents were greatly divergent. There was no correlation between GD and F1 grain yield, MPH, HPH and SCA when the GD was > 0.77. The high correlation of GD with F1 grain yield and with SCA in specific subsets of crosses having a narrower range of GD shows that GD can be put to practical use in predicting hybrid performance. The highest correlation between GD and SCA, seen in the subset of crosses between lines within a cluster, was reasonably stable even when the environment had a severe effect on yield. C1 [George, M. L. C.] CIMMYT Int, Project Management Unit, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Salazar, F.] Ctr Invest Cana Azucar Colombia, Cali, Colombia. [Warburton, M.] ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Narro, L.] CIAT, Global Maize Program, CIMMYT Colombia, Cali, Colombia. [Vallejo, F. A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. RP George, MLC (reprint author), CIMMYT Int, Project Management Unit, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. EM m.george@cgiar.org FU Colombian Ministry of Agriculture; CIMMYT Tropical Ecosystems Program FX This research was supported by funds from the Colombian Ministry of Agriculture and the CIMMYT Tropical Ecosystems Program. We thank E. Regalado and M. Katimbang (AMBIONET Service Lab) for technical assistance and V. Bartolome (International Rice Research Institute) for assistance in statistical analysis. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2011 VL 178 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0273-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 722TD UT WOS:000287456800008 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Palik, B AF Youngblood, Andrew Palik, Brian TI Ecological lessons from long-term studies in experimental forests Preface SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Youngblood, Andrew] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Palik, Brian] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 5 SI SI BP 889 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.030 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 728WT UT WOS:000287905900001 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Vose, JM AF Elliott, Katherine J. Vose, James M. TI The contribution of the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory to developing an understanding of long-term (1934-2008) changes in managed and unmanaged forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Disturbance; Chestnut blight; Hemlock woolly adelgid; Ecosystem process ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FORESTS; WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; TSUGA-CANADENSIS L.; WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; EASTERN HEMLOCK; NEW-ENGLAND; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; HEADWATER STREAMS; BLACK LOCUST AB Long-term records from USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges (EF&Rs) are exceptionally valuable scientific resources and common ground for research in natural resource management. Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Southern Appalachian Mountains in western North Carolina, is one of 82 EF&Rs located throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Since its establishment in 1934, the wealth and breadth of scientific knowledge gained from Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory research has provided both public and private land managers information on forest land management and has added to the knowledge base of natural resource science. We described the early watershed research at Coweeta and used long-term measurements and inventories (from 1934 to 2008) to: (1) explore the influences of large-scale disturbances and vegetation responses on ecosystem processes and (2) assess the long-term and short-term impacts of an exotic, invasive species on a southern Appalachian deciduous forest. We focused on changes in vegetation patterns influenced by natural and managed disturbances and then described the linkages between long-term vegetation measurements and water yield and quality responses. For natural disturbances, we used a network of over 900 permanent vegetation plots established in reference watersheds and unmanaged areas; first measured in 1934 and a subset re-measured in 1969-1972, 1988-1993, and 2003-2008. For the managed disturbances, clearcuts and species conversion experiments, vegetation was measured in permanent plots within treated watersheds before and after treatment. By the time of the 1934 survey, the forest had only 10 years to recover from logging before chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) induced mortality of virtually all remaining Castanea dentata trees. With the loss of C dentata as the dominant species, Acer rubrum and Quercus montana became the dominant species and Liriodendron tulipifera and Tsuga canadensis increased in coves and along riparian corridors. T. canadensis is currently threatened by another invasive species, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae), with 33% tree mortality between 2003 and 2008. Smaller-scale disturbances, such as drought and windthrow, have created canopy gaps and the disturbance agent, gap size, and species-specific demography (dispersal, survival, growth, and mortality) affected colonization and recruitment. In general, the composition of species recruiting into canopy gaps was a reflection of the vegetation already in place at the time of disturbance, because regeneration occurred primarily through saplings or sprouts. In managed forests, where gaps were much larger (9-59 ha), early successional species recruit and become established and the long-term vegetation patterns are different than in unmanaged forests. The vegetation data provide a description of changes in forest structure and composition through time and space, and they have been used to develop process-based models to scale-up to the catchment level. Long-term climatic, hydrologic, biogeochemical, and vegetation databases coupled with process-based ecohydrology and ecophysiology models are essential to understanding broader- and more complex environmental issues such as climate change, carbon cycling, atmospheric deposition, and water supply and quality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Elliott, Katherine J.; Vose, James M.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM kelliott@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology [DEB-0823293] FX This research was primarily supported by USDA Forest Service and partially supported through grants from the National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology to the University of Georgia for the LTER program #DEB-0823293. We also acknowledge the valuable contributions of Patsy Clinton, the late James Buchanan and other Forest Service staff, who provided field and logistical assistance throughout the conduct of this project. NR 73 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 5 SI SI BP 900 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.03.010 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 728WT UT WOS:000287905900003 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC Shelton, MG AF Bragg, Don C. Shelton, Michael G. TI Lessons from 72 years of monitoring a once-cut pine-hardwood stand on the Crossett Experimental Forest, Arkansas, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Coarse woody debris; Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda); Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis); Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata); Succession ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CARBON SINKS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GULF COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTHERN ARKANSAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NORTH-AMERICA; OAK FOREST; DYNAMICS AB The Crossett Experimental Forest was established in 1934 to provide landowners in the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain with reliable, science-based advice on how to manage their loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata) pine-dominated forests. A key component of this program was the establishment of an unmanaged control, currently known as the Russell It Reynolds Research Natural Area (RRNA). Originally intended to show how the lack of regulation reduced sawtimber production compared to more intensively managed stands, the once-cut RRNA is now recognized as an increasingly scarce example of an undisturbed, mature pine-hardwood stand. This, in turn, has led to studies on forest succession, coarse woody debris, old-growth stand structure conditions, and biomass accumulation patterns. Long-term (72 years, to date) research has shown, as an example, that the RRNA has sustained > 33 m(2) of basal area and over 240 Mg of aboveground live tree biomass per hectare for decades, values that are near the upper end of temperate forest ecosystems (outside of rainforests). These high levels are made possible by the abundance of large pines; however, pine mortality and natural successional patterns in this undisturbed stand will likely result in declining biomass in the near future. Additional work is possible regarding endangered species habitat and paleoclimate change, and there is potential for studies on invasive species effects on mature, unmanaged forests. Monitoring will continue indefinitely on the RRNA. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bragg, Don C.; Shelton, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 3516 UAM, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM dbragg@fs.fed.us NR 102 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 5 SI SI BP 911 EP 922 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.021 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 728WT UT WOS:000287905900004 ER PT J AU Meador, AJS Moore, MM AF Meador, Andrew J. Sanchez Moore, Margaret M. TI Lessons from long-term studies of harvest methods in southwestern ponderosa pine-Gambel oak forests on the Fort Valley Experimental Forest, Arizona, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Long-term data; Permanent plots; Forest stand dynamics; Land-use legacies; Spatial patterns; Fort Valley Experimental Forest; Arizona ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; STAND; REGENERATION; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE AB The Fort Valley Experiment Station (now Fort Valley Experimental Forest) has contributed many long-term studies to forest research. This paper focuses on a "Methods of Cutting" study initiated in 1913 on the Coulter Ranch Unit of Fort Valley and how that long-term study yielded important ecological and management lessons. We quantified the historical and contemporary forest patterns at this ponderosa pine-Gambel oak site, which was harvested using three different harvesting systems in 1913 (seed tree, group selection, and light selection) and was partially excluded from livestock browsing in 1919. Using nine historically stem-mapped permanent plots for the following three stand structural scenarios: 1913 pre-harvest (modeled), post-harvest (actual), and 2003-2006 (actual) conditions, we examined the short- and long-term consequences of harvest and livestock grazing land-use and stand dynamics. We assessed changes in spatial pattern under each harvesting system and in each structural scenario, and lastly, we examined spatial and temporal tree recruitment patterns as observed in the contemporary (2003-2006) conditions. The seed tree harvests effectively converted the spatial patterns from aggregated to random and left few trees, while the group selection and light selection had varying effects, but consistently exaggerated the spatial patchiness of the stand. By 2003-2006, all plots were aggregated at all scales and were one large patch of predominately small trees. Sites that were harvested, but excluded from livestock browsing had 40% more trees in 2003-2006. Contemporary recruitment patterns were significantly aggregated under all harvesting systems, but were most strongly aggregated if the site received a group selection or light selection cut. For group and light selection, pine seedlings initially established in stump patches created by harvesting and then proceeded to fill-in the remaining area, with recruitment rarely found under the residual pine or oak trees. Long-term data sets, such as these established by the Fort Valley Experimental Forest in 1913, are essential for quantifying the impact of historical land-use practices on contemporary forest composition and structure. Ignoring land-use legacies may lead to the misinterpretation of stand dynamics and development, and therefore should be explicitly quantified and incorporated into future management and restoration activities. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meador, Andrew J. Sanchez; Moore, Margaret M.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Meador, AJS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Management Serv Ctr, 3463 Las Palomas Rd, Alamogordo, NM 88310 USA. EM asanchezmeador@fs.fed.us; margaret.moore@nau.edu FU NIFA [2003-35101-12919]; NAU School of Forestry McIntire-Stennis FX We thank S.D. Olberding, historian and archivist, US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (USFS RMRS), Flagstaff, AZ for her work locating historical documents, ledger data, and maps. We thank Dr. P.Z. Fule, Dr. P.F. Parysow, Dr. B. Birch, Dr. A. Youngblood and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing and improving earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Coconino National Forest for letting us sample the plots at Coulter Ranch. We acknowledge field and laboratory assistance of many people in the Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University (NAU), especially W.W. Covington, P.Z. Fule, J.D. Bakker, J. Crouse, D.W. Huffman, and D. Normandin; and students S. Blazewicz, B. De Blois, J. Dyer, D. Gift, and K. Rask. We are indebted to G.A. Pearson, H. Krauch, and C. Korstian, who had the foresight to establish these permanent plots as well as map and record the forest structure in 1913, and to M. Larson for taking the repeat photographs in 1959. USFS RMRS Research Joint Venture Agreement 28-JV7-939, US Department of Agriculture CSREES (now NIFA) National Research Initiative Managed Ecosystems Competitive Grant 2003-35101-12919, and a NAU School of Forestry McIntire-Stennis grant supported this research. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 5 SI SI BP 923 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.11.010 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 728WT UT WOS:000287905900005 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A AF Youngblood, Andrew TI Ecological lessons from long-term studies in experimental forests: Ponderosa pine silviculture at Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, central Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Experimental forests; Long-term research; Methods-of-cutting studies; Old-growth; Ponderosa pine; Spacing studies ID FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; STAND STRUCTURE; DRY FORESTS; GROWTH; FIRE; RESTORATION; COMPETITION; PRINCIPLES; VEGETATION AB The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service celebrated the 100th anniversary of its network of experimental forests in 2008. For a century, the network of experimental forests have contributed immensely both in the US and around the world to the practical understanding of the environment and to the formation of management approaches and policies that affect our use of forests and the natural resources they contain. Experimental forests provide places for long-term science and management studies in major vegetation types across the 789,140 km(2) of public land administered by the Forest Service. They also provide an incredible wealth of records and knowledge of environmental change in natural and managed forest ecosystems across the United States. Pringle Falls Experimental Forest (Pringle Falls), southwest of Bend, Oregon, is the oldest experimental forest in the Pacific Northwest and is the site of some of the earliest forest management and silviculture research in this region. Research at this site began in 1914, and it was formally established as part of the national network of experimental forests in 1931 as a center for silviculture, forest management, and insect and disease research in ponderosa pine forests east of the Oregon Cascade Range. As part of the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the network of experimental forests, it is timely to examine a few of the ecological lessons that have resulted from long-term studies at Pringle Falls. Two different yet interconnected themes are traced: (1) management of existing old-growth ponderosa pine; and (2) management of young or immature ponderosa pine. Examples of ecological lessons, drawn from long-term studies established or followed by James W. Barrett, Matt D. Busse, Patrick H. Cochran, Walter G. Dahms, F. Paul Keen, Ernest L. Kolbe, Edwin L. Mowat, William W. Oliver, Ram Oren, Chester T. Youngberg, and Jianwei Zhang illustrate how work at Pringle Falls has both pursued and influenced societal demands for forest management strategies, and how this trajectory has cycled back to the themes under which the experimental forest was first established. Finally, these two themes are integrated as drivers for new landscape-scale long-term research at Pringle Falls, designed to evaluate the effects of thinning and fuel reduction treatments on multiple, interacting forest stresses of fire, insects, wind, and climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 5 SI SI BP 937 EP 947 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.025 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 728WT UT WOS:000287905900006 ER PT J AU Pavlista, AD Isbell, TA Baltensperger, DD Hergert, GW AF Pavlista, A. D. Isbell, T. A. Baltensperger, D. D. Hergert, G. W. TI Planting date and development of spring-seeded irrigated canola, brown mustard and camelina SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Nebraska Panhandle; Oilseed crops; Omega-3; Omega-6; Omega-9; Erucic acid; Biofuel ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; BRASSICA-NAPUS L.; SEEDING DATE; OIL; GENOTYPE; QUALITY; CROPS; FALL AB With increased emphasis on bio-diesel fuels, the influence of spring planting on development of brown mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Arid), canola (B. napus cv. Hyola 401) and camelina (Camelina sativa cv. Boa) has become important. Field trials were conducted at Scottsbluff, NE, in 2005 and 2006 at planting dates of 24 February, 24 March, 7 April, 21 April and 5 May, and 3 March, 3 April, 10 April, 27 April, 11 May, and 2 Jun, respectively. Emergence time was shorter with later planting. Flowering date was later with later planting but occurred within a range of degree days (P-days). Fruiting was affected by date and P-days, but seed maturity was not affected by planting date and was unrelated to P-days. Fleabeetle (Phyllotreta spp.) damage was very high in brown mustard and canola. Bird, primarily house finch (Carppodacus mexicanus), feeding was a major problem with brown mustard planted before mid April and in canola, only with the first planting. Camelina was not affected by either. Planting in April gave the best yields, and canola could yield over 2200 kg ha(-1). Oil content of the Brassica was highest when planted from late March and later. For camelina, planting date had no effect. In brown mustard and canola, 60-65% of oil was C18:1. in camelina, about 15%. Later planting increased C18:1 content for the three crops. The second fatty acid was C18:2 with 20% in brown mustard, 18% in canola and 20% in camelina. Later planting increased C18:2 in camelina only. The major fatty acid in camelina was 08:3 at 32-37%; earlier planting increased the content of C18:3. In Camelina, C20:1 comprised about 12% of the oil and was highest with April planting. Canola and camelina seeded in April could be grown for oil successfully in western Nebraska. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pavlista, A. D.; Hergert, G. W.] Univ Nebraska, PREC, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Isbell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Baltensperger, D. D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pavlista, AD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, PREC, 4502 Ave 1, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM apavlista@unl.edu NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.10.029 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 724CM UT WOS:000287553700028 ER PT J AU Vaughn, SF Deppe, NA Palmquist, DE Berhow, MA AF Vaughn, Steven F. Deppe, Nathan A. Palmquist, Debra E. Berhow, Mark A. TI Extracted sweet corn tassels as a renewable alternative to peat in greenhouse substrates SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Container production; Potting medium; Soilless substrate ID COCONUT COIR DUST; L STEM CORE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION; MEDIUM COMPONENT; GROWING MEDIUM; POTTING MEDIA; GROWTH; CONTAINER; COMPOSTS AB Soilless substrates are primarily used in the production of containerized greenhouse and nursery crops. Sphagnum peat moss is a primary constituent of these substrates and its harvest from endangered ecosystems has become a worldwide concern. Ethanol-extracted, coarse-ground corn (Zea mays L.. 'Silver Queen') tassels were used as a peat replacement for potting substrates. Replacing peat moss with increasing levels of ground tassel (up to 50%, v/v) elevated pH and electrical conductance, while having variable effects on substrate physical properties (bulk density, percent solids, air porosity, container capacity, and total porosity). Two identical greenhouse experiments separated by time were conducted using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L 'Red Robin') plants grown in 6.0-L pots. In the first experiment, all substrates were similar for total tomato yield per plant and number of fruit per plant, with only the 50% tassel substrate having significantly lower values. There were no differences for plant height or average fruit weight among substrates. No differences were found for any of these variables in the second experiment. This research indicates that extracted ground tassels may be utilized as a suitable replacement for peat in greenhouse substrates for tomatoes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaughn, Steven F.; Deppe, Nathan A.; Palmquist, Debra E.; Berhow, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vaughn, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steven.Vaughn@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 514 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.10.034 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 724CM UT WOS:000287553700037 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR Dierig, DA French, AN Hunsaker, DJ AF Thorp, K. R. Dierig, D. A. French, A. N. Hunsaker, D. J. TI Analysis of hyperspectral reflectance data for monitoring growth and development of lesquerella SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Hyperspectral; Spectroradiometer; Partial least squares regression; Biomass; Flower; Silique; Management; Arizona; Agriculture; Oilseed ID SEED PRODUCTION; NITROGEN; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION; INDICATOR; FENDLERI; IMAGERY; STRESS AB Seed oil from lesquerella (Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats.) is currently being developed as a biorenewable petroleum substitute, but several issues related to crop management and breeding must be resolved before the crop will be commercially viable. Due particularly to the prominent yellow flowers exhibited by lesquerella canopies, remote sensing may be a useful tool for monitoring and managing the crop. In this study, we used a hand-held spectroradiometer to measure spectral reflectance over lesquerella canopies in 512 narrow wavebands from 268 to 1095 nm over two growing seasons at Maricopa, Arizona. Biomass samples were also regularly collected and processed to obtain above ground dry weight, flower counts, and silique counts. Partial least squares regression was used to develop predictive models for estimating the three lesquerella biophysical variables from canopy spectral reflectance. For model fitting and model testing, the root mean squared prediction errors between measured and modeled above ground dry weight, flower counts, and silique counts were 2.1 and 2.3 Mg ha(-1), 251 and 304 flowers, and 1018 and 1019 siliques, respectively. Analysis of partial least squares regression coefficients and loadings high-lighted the most sensitive spectral wavebands for estimating each biophysical variable. For example, the flower count model heavily emphasized the reflectance of yellow light at 583 nm, and contrasted that with reflectance in the blue (483 nm) and at the red edge (721 nm). Because of the indeterminate nature of lesquerella flowering patterns, remote sensing methods that monitor flowering progression may aid management decisions related to the timing of irrigations, desiccant application, and crop harvest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorp, K. R.; French, A. N.; Hunsaker, D. J.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Dierig, D. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cordon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817; Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.10.003 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 724CM UT WOS:000287553700039 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Vick, BA Baldwin, BS Buehring, N Coker, C Astatkie, T Johnson, B AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Vick, Brady A. Baldwin, Brian S. Buehring, Normie Coker, Christine Astatkie, Tess Johnson, Billy TI Oil productivity and composition of sunflower as a function of hybrid and planting date SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Fatty acid composition; Oil content; Oleic acid; Total saturated fatty acids; Oil yield; Biodiesel ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; WATER-USE; OILSEED CROPS; GREAT-PLAINS; SEED OIL; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENCY; CULTIVARS; HEIGHT AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) is a potential cash crop for the southeastern United States for production of cooking oil or biodiesel. Two years (2006 and 2007) of experiments were conducted at each of five locations in Mississippi to evaluate the effect of planting date (April 20, May 20, and June 20), and hybrid (DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, DKF3901, PR63M80, PR62A91, PR63A21, PR63M91, and PR64H41) on seed yield, oil content, and oil composition of sunflower. Seed oil concentration varied from 25 to 47%. The oleic acid concentration in the oil was greater than 85% for DKF3510 and PR64H41, above 65% for PR63M80 and PR63M91, and intermediate for the other hybrids. Total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) concentration in the oil (the sum of palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, and lignoceric acids) ranged from 6.3 to 13.0%, with DKF3510, PR63M91, and PR64H41 having lower concentration of TSFA than the other hybrids. Mean seed yields ranged from 997 to 2096 kg ha(-1) depending on location. Mean oil yields at the five locations ranged from 380 to 687 kg ha(-1), and calculated biodiesel production ranged from 304 to 550 kg ha(-1). Seed and oil yields in this study suggest sunflower in Mississippi should be planted by the last week of May. Later planting (20 June) may significantly decrease both seed and oil yields in the non-irrigated system in Mississippi and in other areas of the southeastern United States with similar environmental conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Buehring, Normie] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Vick, Brady A.] USDA ARS, Sunflower Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Baldwin, Brian S.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Coker, Christine] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dep Engn, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Johnson, Billy] Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Newton, MS 39345 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway,145 South, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU Department of Energy FX Authors acknowledge the financial support of the Department of Energy for the project Feedstock for Sustainable Energy Systems in Mississippi. Authors thank Mr. Thomas Horgan, Mrs. Scott Horton, Mr. Robert Dobbs, Mr. Mike Ely for their help in the field and laboratory. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11846 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.11.004 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 724CM UT WOS:000287553700041 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Cermak, SC Taylor, SL AF Eller, F. J. Cermak, S. C. Taylor, S. L. TI Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cuphea seed oil SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Acid value; Cuphea seed oil; Free fatty acid; Gardner color; Solvent extraction; Supercritical carbon dioxide ID FATTY-ACIDS; VISCOSISSIMA; CROP AB Cuphea seed oil (CSO) is a potential domestic source of medium chain fatty acids. Although CSO has been obtained using solvent extraction and screw pressing, both methods suffer from disadvantages. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction is a promising alternative extraction technology. It is a very effective means to extract vegetable oils, non-toxic, non-flammable, easy to separate from extracts (i.e., no solvent residues) and there are no solvent disposal costs. This research compared SC-CO(2) and soxtec petroleum ether for the extraction of CSO. The CSO yield for the petroleum ether was 29.7% while the SC-CO(2) was 28.1%. The free fatty acid content for the SC-CO(2) extract was only 8.8% while the petroleum ether extract was 15.0%. The acid values were also much higher for the petroleum ether extract (i.e., 29.8) than for the SC-CO(2) extract (i.e., 17.4). The Gardner color of the SC-CO(2) extract was determined to be 2+ while the color of the petroleum ether soxtec extract could not be determined because it was very dark due to the presence of chlorophyll. Although the two extraction methods differed slightly in their individual fatty acid compositions, the magnitudes of the differences were inconsequential. This research demonstrated that CSO can be effectively extracted using SC-CO(2) at a relatively low temperature and pressure (i.e., 50 degrees C and 20.7 MPa) to give a very high quality oil. Cuphea seed oil's status as a specialty oil and its corresponding higher value make its extraction using SC-CO(2) an economically viable option. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eller, F. J.; Taylor, S. L.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cermak, S. C.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Fred.Eller@ARS.USDA.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 554 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.12.017 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 724CM UT WOS:000287553700044 ER PT J AU Gaines, AM Kendall, DC Allee, GL Usry, JL Kerr, BJ AF Gaines, A. M. Kendall, D. C. Allee, G. L. Usry, J. L. Kerr, B. J. TI Estimation of the standardized ileal digestible valine-to-lysine ratio in 13- to 32-kilogram pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth performance; pig; valine: lysine ID AMINO-ACID PATTERN; NURSERY PIGS; LOW-PROTEIN; GROWING-PIGS; REQUIREMENT; DIET; 11-KILOGRAM; 10-KILOGRAM; PIGLETS; GROWTH AB Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible Val-to-Lys (SID Val: Lys) ratio for 13- to 32-kg pigs. In Exp. 1, 162 pigs weaned at 17 d of age (8 pens/treatment) were used, and a Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.60% l-Lys HCl, 1.21% SID Lys, and 0.68% SID Val was developed (0.56 SID Val: Lys). Performance of pigs fed the basal diet was inferior to a corn-soybean meal control containing only 0.06% L-Lys-HCl, but was fully restored with the addition of 0.146% L-Val to the basal diet (68% SID Val: Lys). In Exp. 2, 54 individually housed barrows (21.4 kg) were utilized in a 14-d growth assay. Pigs were offered a similar basal diet (1.10% SID Lys), ensuring Lys was marginally limiting with no supplemental l-Val (55% SID Val: Lys). The basal diet was fortified with 4 graded levels of l-Val (0.055% increments) up to a ratio of 75% SID Val: Lys. In Exp. 3, 147 barrows (13.5 kg) were fed identical diets, only with 1 additional level at a SID Val: Lys of 80% and fed for 21 d. In Exp. 2 and 3, a high protein, control diet was formulated to contain 1.10% SID Lys and 0.20% l-Lys center dot HCl. In Exp. 2, linear effects on ADG (713, 750, 800, 796, and 785 g/d; P = 0.05) and G: F (P = 0.07) were observed with increasing SID Val: Lys, characterized by improvements to a ratio of 65% and a plateau thereafter. In Exp. 3, quadratic improvements in ADG (600, 629, 652, 641, 630, and 642 g/d; P = 0.08) and G: F (P = 0.07) were observed with increasing SID Val: Lys, as performance increased to a ratio of 65% but no further improvement to a ratio of 80%. Pigs fed the control diet did not differ from those fed a ratio of 65% SID Val: Lys in Exp. 2, but did have improved G: F in Exp. 3 (P = 0.03). To provide a more accurate estimate of the optimum SID Val: Lys, data from Exp. 2 and 3 were combined. With single-slope broken-line methodology, the minimum ratio estimate was 64 and 65% SID Val: Lys for ADG and G: F, respectively. With combined requirement estimates, the data indicate that a SID Val: Lys of 65% seems adequate in maintaining performance for pigs from 13 to 32 kg. C1 [Gaines, A. M.; Kendall, D. C.; Allee, G. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Usry, J. L.] Ajinomoto Heartland LLC, Chicago, IL 60631 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] USDA ARS, Midwest Area, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Allee, GL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM alleeg@missouri.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 89 IS 3 BP 736 EP 742 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3134 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 725OO UT WOS:000287655200017 PM 21057092 ER PT J AU Hill, RA Welsh, TH Poulos, SP Gabler, NK Connor, EE AF Hill, R. A. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Poulos, S. P. Gabler, N. K. Connor, E. E. TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Intestinal development and growth SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hill, R. A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Welsh, T. H., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Welsh, T. H., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Poulos, S. P.] Coca Cola Co, Res & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Gabler, N. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Connor, E. E.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hill, RA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM rodhill@uidaho.edu OI Poulos, Sylvia/0000-0002-4476-6679 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 89 IS 3 BP 833 EP 834 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3764 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 725OO UT WOS:000287655200028 PM 21346140 ER PT J AU Wang, JJ Simmons, GS Miller, TA Tabashnik, BE Park, Y AF Wang, Jianjun Simmons, Gregory S. Miller, Thomas A. Tabashnik, Bruce E. Park, Yoonseong TI Global variation in the piggyBac-like element of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella SO JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Transposon; PiggyBac; Pink bollworm; Pectinophora gossypiella; Population genetics AB The piggyBac transposable element, originally discovered in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, has been used widely in genetic engineering of insects including the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, a major lepidopteran pest of cotton. Previously, we identified an intact copy of a piggyBac-like element (PLE) in pink bollworm, designated as PgPLE1.1. Here we report global variation in the occurrence and sequence of PgPLE1.1 and its flanking sequences. Low to high frequency of the PgPLE1.1 insertion was observed in populations from USA, Mexico, China, India, and Israel, while there is no PgPLE1.1 insertion in the populations from Australia. Investigation of the five haplotypes of PgPLE1.1, their frequency, and the flanking sequences of PgPLE1.1 revealed significant differences of the populations from Australia and China compared to other global populations, although recent occurrences of extensive gene flows among global populations were evident. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Jianjun; Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Wang, Jianjun] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Hort & Plant Protect, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Simmons, Gregory S.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Decis Support & Pest Management Syst Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. [Miller, Thomas A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Tabashnik, Bruce E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Park, Y (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM wangjj@yzu.edu.cn; Gregory.S.Simmons@aphis.usda.gov; thomas.miller@ucr.edu; brucet@ag.arizona.edu; ypark@ksu.edu RI Miller, Thomas/F-7512-2012 FU USDA-APHIS; National Natural Science Foundation [03-8100-0879-CA, 30671375] FX We thank Dr. John Goolsby for providing P. endema from Australia and Dr. G. S. Deol (Punjab Agricultural University) for providing the samples from India, and Devika Unnithan for assistance in obtaining samples, and Dr. Kun Yan Zhu for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by a USDA-APHIS Cooperative agreement award and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos. 03-8100-0879-CA and 30671375. This paper is Contribution No. 11-116-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas. Strong support for this work from the California Cotton Pest Control Board is appreciated. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, DIVISION ENTOMOLOGY, RDA, 249 SEODUN-DONG, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8615 J9 J ASIA-PAC ENTOMOL JI J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.aspen.2010.09.006 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 727HH UT WOS:000287788400024 ER PT J AU Kondo, T Gullan, PJ Pemberton, RW AF Kondo, Takumasa Gullan, Penny J. Pemberton, Robert W. TI A new species of Paratachardina Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae) related to the lobate lac scale, P. pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan SO JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kerriidae; Lac insect; Lac scale; Paratachardina; Taxonomy ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLORIDA AB A new species of lac insect, Paratachardina jayanensis Kondo and Gullan, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), is described and illustrated from a collection on Myrica to bra Siebold and Zucc. (also called Morella rubra Lour., Myricaceae) in West Java, Indonesia. This lac insect species is most similar morphologically to the pestiferous lobate lac scale, Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo and Gullan. A comparison of the two species and an updated taxonomic key to all named Paratachardina species are provided. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2010. Published by Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Kondo, Takumasa] Corp Colombiana Invest Agropecuaria CORPOICA, Ctr Invest Palmira, Palmira, Valle Cauca, Colombia. [Gullan, Penny J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pemberton, Robert W.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Kondo, T (reprint author), Corp Colombiana Invest Agropecuaria CORPOICA, Ctr Invest Palmira, Calle 23,Carrera 37, Palmira, Valle Cauca, Colombia. EM Takumasa.Kondo@gmail.com; pjgullan@ucdavis.edu FU South Florida Water Management Distric; USDA-APHIS; U.S. National Science Foundation [0118718]; California Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Hong Liu (University of Florida), P.T. Exindo and E. Yutaka (Bogor, Indonesia) for the fieldwork. Further RWP acknowledges financial support from the South Florida Water Management District and the USDA-APHIS. PJG and TK were supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Partnership for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy program, under Grant No. 0118718) and by Hatch funding from the California Agricultural Experiment Station, both to PJG. We thank Haley Bastien for making counts of microducts in some of the ventral duct clusters on the slide-mounts, and we are grateful to an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, DIVISION ENTOMOLOGY, RDA, 249 SEODUN-DONG, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8615 EI 1876-7990 J9 J ASIA-PAC ENTOMOL JI J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.aspen.2010.09.003 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 727HH UT WOS:000287788400026 ER PT J AU Muraoka, WT Zhang, QJ AF Muraoka, Wayne T. Zhang, Qijing TI Phenotypic and Genotypic Evidence for L-Fucose Utilization by Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-FETUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; L-RHAMNOSE; GROWTH; REVEALS; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; OXYGEN AB Campylobacter jejuni remains among the leading causes of bacterial food-borne illness. The current understanding of Campylobacter physiology suggests that it is asaccharolytic and is unable to catabolize exogenous carbohydrates. Contrary to this paradigm, we provide evidence for L-fucose utilization by C. jejuni. The fucose phenotype, shown in chemically defined medium, is strain specific and linked to an 11-open reading frame (ORF) plasticity region of the bacterial chromosome. By constructing a mutation in fucP (encoding a putative fucose permease), one of the genes in the plasticity region, we found that this locus is required for fucose utilization. Consistent with their function in fucose utilization, transcription of the genes in the locus is highly inducible by fucose. PCR screening revealed a broad distribution of this genetic locus in strains derived from various host species, and the presence of this locus was consistently associated with fucose utilization. Birds inoculated with the fucP mutant strain alone were colonized at a level comparable to that by the wild-type strain; however, in cocolonization experiments, the mutant was significantly outcompeted by the wild-type strain when birds were inoculated with a low dose (10(5) CFU per bird). This advantage was not observed when birds were inoculated at a higher inoculum dose (10(8) CFU per bird). These results demonstrated a previously undescribed substrate that supports growth of C. jejuni and identified the genetic locus associated with the utilization of this substrate. These findings substantially enhance our understanding of the metabolic repertoire of C. jejuni and the role of metabolic diversity in Campylobacter pathobiology. C1 [Muraoka, Wayne T.; Zhang, Qijing] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Muraoka, Wayne T.] USDA, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Zhang, QJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, 1116 Vet Med Complex, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zhang123@iastate.edu RI Muraoka, Wayne/A-2830-2009; Zhang, Qijing/B-7530-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1DK063008]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35201-18278] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant RO1DK063008 and National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grant no. 2007-35201-18278 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 51 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 193 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1075 DI 10.1128/JB.01252-10 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 718QD UT WOS:000287139200006 PM 21193610 ER PT J AU Foster, BL Questad, EJ Collins, CD Murphy, CA Dickson, TL Smith, VH AF Foster, Bryan L. Questad, Erin J. Collins, Cathy D. Murphy, Cheryl A. Dickson, Timothy L. Smith, Val H. TI Seed availability constrains plant species sorting along a soil fertility gradient SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community assembly; community differentiation; determinants of plant community diversity and structure; dispersal limitation; grassland; meta-community; nitrogen gradient; secondary succession; species pool; species sorting ID EXPERIMENTAL NITROGEN GRADIENTS; DISPERSAL LIMITATION; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; BIODIVERSITY; CONVERGENCE; COEXISTENCE; DIVERGENCE AB 1. Spatial variation in species composition within and among communities may be caused by deterministic, niche-based species sorting in response to underlying environmental heterogeneity as well as by stochastic factors such as dispersal limitation and variable species pools. An important goal in ecology is to reconcile deterministic and stochastic perspectives of community assembly and to assess the contribution of each class of processes to community dynamics and structure. 2. We present an 8-year field experiment of grassland secondary succession that documents plant community differentiation in response to an experimental gradient of nitrogen (N) fertilization, factorially crossed with a manipulation of the available species pool achieved using a multi-species seed sowing treatment. We evaluate the hypothesis, adapted from meta-community theory, that seed availability limits the contribution of niche-based, species sorting to patterns of community variation along an environmental gradient. 3. The magnitude of species sorting and community differentiation observed in response to N fertilization (measured as N effect size on multivariate community composition) became progressively more distinct and more statistically significant over time in experimental plots as succession proceeded. However, this response was significantly more pronounced among plots that had been exposed to experimentally enriched propagule pools. 4. Synthesis. Our findings support the hypothesis that dispersal limitations and species pools can mediate the contribution of niche-based, species environment sorting to plant community development and limit the extent to which underlying resource gradients become deterministically expressed in patterns of vegetation composition. We suggest that continued habitat destruction and fragmentation in the former prairie landscape where this study was conducted would further reduce native species pools and habitat connectivity, diminishing opportunities for species environment sorting and compromising the capacity of these grassland systems to respond to environmental change. C1 [Foster, Bryan L.; Murphy, Cheryl A.; Smith, Val H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Questad, Erin J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Collins, Cathy D.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Dickson, Timothy L.] Washington Univ St Louis, Tyson Res Ctr, Eureka, MO 63025 USA. RP Foster, BL (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Haworth Hall,1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM bfoster@ku.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB01-08302] FX We thank K. Anderson, J. Dziuvenis, L. Evanhoe, R. Evanhoe, T. Hildebrand, S. Hinman, A. Jones, I. Khavin, J. Mellard, T. Peterson and A. Ross for help with the field work. We thank D. Kettle, G. Pittman and B. Johanning for logistical support. We are grateful to S. Hinman and G. Houseman and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB01-08302). NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 2 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01769.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 727GF UT WOS:000287785300013 ER PT J AU Nossov, DR Hollingsworth, TN Ruess, RW Kielland, K AF Nossov, Dana R. Hollingsworth, Teresa N. Ruess, Roger W. Kielland, Knut TI Development of Alnus tenuifolia stands on an Alaskan floodplain: patterns of recruitment, disease and succession SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alder; Alnus incana; boreal forest; disease; nitrogen fixer; plant population and community dynamics; population dynamics; primary succession ID TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN; MOUNT ST-HELENS; INTERIOR ALASKA; CALAMAGROSTIS-CANADENSIS; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MULTIPLE PATHWAYS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PHELLINUS-WEIRII AB 1. We investigated the population dynamics of the keystone symbiotic N-fixing species Alnus tenuifolia (thinleaf alder) and the patterns of primary succession on the Tanana River floodplains of interior Alaska, USA. The goals of this study were to characterize (i) the variation in the population structure of thinleaf alder and its influence on ecosystem function; (ii) the role of a fungal disease outbreak in driving the population dynamics of thinleaf alder; (iii) the patterns of landscape-scale thinleaf alder recruitment; and (iv) the variation in successional pathways across the landscape. 2. Soil N concentrations and pools increased tenfold with thinleaf alder stand age due to the accumulation of N-rich organic material. Alder stem density varied threefold among early successional stands, and was directly related to soil N. 3. The current outbreak of a fungal disease caused widespread branch dieback and mortality of alder. Young stems were disproportionately susceptible to disease-induced mortality. Overall disease incidence and mortality of young stems were positively related to alder stem density. 4. Thinleaf alder age structures revealed that landscape-scale recruitment was pulsed over time. 5. Multiple pathways of primary succession were found using indirect gradient analysis and associated environmental characteristics were described. 6. Synthesis. The population dynamics of thinleaf alder and the inter-relationship with disease-driven disturbance can strongly influence soil N accumulation and ecosystem function in primary succession on an active glacial floodplain. The temporal pattern of thinleaf alder recruitment across the landscape appears to reflect the influence of the hydrologic regime on silt bar development and alder dispersal limitation and population dynamics. Differential life history traits explain the predominant successional pathway, but an alternative successional pathway suggests this pattern can be altered by stochastic events, disturbance, environmental variation or other factors. C1 [Nossov, Dana R.; Ruess, Roger W.; Kielland, Knut] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nossov, Dana R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] US Forest Serv, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Nossov, DR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM drnossov@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0620579, DEB-0641033]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Center for Global Change FX For all of their generous help in the field and in the laboratory we thank E. Bernhardt, S. Brown, B. Charlton, P. Fitzgerald, G. Garcia, L. Gutierrez, J. Hollingsworth, S. Nossov, W. Nossov, L. Oliver, E. Tissier, D. Walker and M. Winterstein. Research funding was provided by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0620579 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231), by a University of Alaska Fairbanks, Center for Global Change Student Award to D.R.N., and by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0641033 to R.W.R. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 2 BP 621 EP 633 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01792.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 727GF UT WOS:000287785300028 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, KeShun TI Comparison of Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition and Their Distribution within Seeds of 5 Small Grain Species SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distribution; fatty acid; grains; oil content; pearling ID HULLESS BARLEY; CEREAL-GRAINS; OIL CONTENT; FRACTIONS; VARIETIES; ENDOSPERM; CULTIVARS; BRAN; OATS AB Barley, oats, rice, sorghum, and wheat, each with two genotypes, were sequentially abraded by an electric seed scarifier. The pearling fines (PF) and pearled kernels (PK) at each cycle were analyzed for lipid (mostly nonpolar) content and fatty acid (FA) composition. The oil content in whole or dehulled grains ranged from 2.18% of a wheat variety to 6.38% of an oat line. Compared with barley and wheat, rice, oat, and sorghum had higher relative % of C18:1 (31.60 to 36.64 compared with 12.15 to 15.61) and lower % of C18:2 (35.69 to 45.44 compared with 50.79 to 61.50). The relationship between oil content in PF and the cumulative level of surface removal essentially describes the distribution pattern of oil content within a seed. Barley, rice, and sorghum had a similar distribution pattern, characterized by a rapid rate of decreasing for the first few outer layers and then by gradual decrease to a flat value toward the inner core. In contrast, distribution within oats was characterized by a gradual reduction in oil content across the seed. The distribution of oil within wheat fell between the former 2 types. For all 10 grains, from seed surface to inner core, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, C18:1 and C18:3 decreased, and C18:2 changed slightly, providing a new reason for improved oxidative stability for pearled kernels. The differences in the changing intensity of FA composition among grain species correspond to those in oil distribution within a seed, while varietal difference in distribution patterns of content and FA composition of lipids within a species was insignificant. Practical Application This study was the first to document fatty acid distribution across a grain seed. Results provide 2 major reasons for improved oxidative stability of pearled grains: reduced oil content and shift of fatty acids toward more saturated and less unsaturated composition. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 2 BP C334 EP C342 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.02038.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 728EV UT WOS:000287858000062 PM 21535754 ER PT J AU Du, WX Olsen, CW Avena-Bustillos, RJ Friedman, M McHugh, TH AF Du, W. -X. Olsen, C. W. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. Friedman, M. McHugh, T. H. TI Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Edible Films Formulated with Apple Skin Polyphenols SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; antioxidant; apple skin polyphenols; edible film; Listeria monocytogenes ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; COOKED GROUND-BEEF; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; CHITOSAN FILMS AB Fruit and vegetable skins have polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, and phenols with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. These flavoring plant essential oil components are generally regarded as safe. Edible films made from fruits or vegetables containing apple skin polyphenols have the potential to be used commercially to protect food against contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The main objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties as well as antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica of apple skin polyphenols at 0% to 10% (w/w) concentrations in apple puree film-forming solutions formulated into edible films. Commercial apple skin polyphenol powder had a water activity of 0.44 and high total soluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (995.3 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g and 14.4 mg Trolox/g, respectively). Antimicrobial activities of edible film containing apple skin polyphenols were determined by the overlay method. Apple edible film with apple skin polyphenols was highly effective against L. monocytogenes. The minimum concentration need to inactive L. monocytogenes was 1.5%. However, apple skin polyphenols did not show any antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica even at 10% level. The presence of apple skin polyphenols reduced water vapor permeability of films. Apple skin polyphenols increased elongation of films and darkened the color of films. The results of the present study show that apple skin polyphenols can be used to prepare apple-based antimicrobial edible films with good physical properties for food applications by direct contact. C1 [Avena-Bustillos, R. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Du, W. -X.; Olsen, C. W.; Friedman, M.; McHugh, T. H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Avena-Bustillos, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Roberto.Avena@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU USDA, CSREES NRI [2006-35201-17409] FX This study was supported by USDA, CSREES NRI Grant 2006-35201-17409. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 2 BP M149 EP M155 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.02012.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 728EV UT WOS:000287858000033 PM 21535779 ER PT J AU Perez-Diaz, IM McFeeters, RF AF Perez-Diaz, I. M. McFeeters, R. F. TI Preparation of a Lactobacillus Plantarum Starter Culture for Cucumber Fermentations That Can Meet Kosher Guidelines SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fermentation; lactic acid bacteria; Lactobacillus; starter culture AB A method is described for growth of a Lactobacillus plantarum starter culture in jars of commercially available pasteurized fresh-pack kosher dill cucumbers so that jars can be used to inoculate commercial scale cucumber fermentation tanks. A procedure is also described to transfer lactic acid bacteria from frozen storage in MRS broth into cucumber juice and commercial jars of kosher dill cucumbers so that a selected strain of lactic acid bacteria can be kosher certified for commercial fermentations in processing plants that operate under kosher certification. The strain of L. plantarum used in these experiments grew to maximum cell numbers in 4 d at 20 to 25 degrees C and then maintained viable cell numbers for 2 wk at > 108 CFU/mL so the culture was suitable for inoculation of fermentation tanks. Refrigeration of jars of culture after they grow to maximum numbers minimizes die-off of cells sufficiently so that a pure culture can be maintained by aseptically transferring brine containing viable bacteria to a new pH-adjusted jar only once every 4 mo. Practical Application This report describes a method to prepare a lactic acid bacteria starter culture suitable for kosher vegetable fermentations. C1 [Perez-Diaz, I. M.; McFeeters, R. F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, 322 Schaub Hall,Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 2 BP M120 EP M123 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01981.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 728EV UT WOS:000287858000023 PM 21535774 ER PT J AU Eastridge, JS Bowker, BC AF Eastridge, Janet S. Bowker, Brian C. TI Effect of Rapid Thawing on the Meat Quality Attributes of USDA Select Beef Strip Loin Steaks SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; color; shear force; strip loin; thawing rate ID DEEP-FREEZE STORAGE; SHEAR FORCE VALUES; FROZEN BEEF; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; LONGISSIMUS-DORSI; SENSORY QUALITY; DRIP LOSS; PORK; TENDERNESS; PALATABILITY AB The objective was to determine the meat quality effects of rapidly thawing beef steaks in a water bath. Frozen beef strip loins (n = 24) were cut into steaks sequentially from the rib end and identified by anatomical location (anterior, middle, posterior) within the loin. Within location, steaks were randomly assigned to conventional (C; 18 to 20 h, 4 degrees C) or rapid thawing methods. Rapid thawing methods, fast (20 min, 20 degrees C) or very fast (11 min, 39 degrees C), were conducted in a circulating water bath. The physical, thawing, cooking, color, and texture characteristics of each steak were recorded. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with a 3 thawing treatments x 3 locations factorial analysis with loin as a block. No location by thawing method interaction was detected (P > 0.05) for the measured variables. Compared to C steaks, rapidly thawed steaks exhibited lower thaw drip loss (P < 0.001) and higher a* values (P < 0.001). Thawing treatment did not influence L*, b*, cook yield, or shear force. Steaks from the posterior end had higher (P < 0.001) surface to volume ratios that may have contributed to the higher thaw loss (P < 0.01), longer cooking time (P < 0.001), lower cooking yield (P < 0.001), and higher shear force (P < 0.02) compared to steaks from the anterior and middle portions of the loins. These data indicate that beef steaks taken from the entire length of the loin can be rapidly thawed in a water bath following food safety guidelines with minimal impact on meat quality. Practical Application Freezing rate and frozen storage effects on meat quality have been well documented; however, there is comparatively little information on the meat quality effects of rapid thawing within food safety guidelines. This study demonstrates that beef strip loin steaks can be rapidly thawed in as few as 11 min without affecting texture or cooking yield, while reducing thaw drip loss. Thus, rapid thawing may enhance the apparent juiciness of steaks for consumers and provide an effective method for maintaining consistent control of experimental conditions for researchers. C1 [Eastridge, Janet S.; Bowker, Brian C.] ARS, USDA, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowker, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 201 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brian.bowker@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 76 IS 2 BP S156 EP S162 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.02037.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 728EV UT WOS:000287858000034 PM 21535792 ER PT J AU Tomioka, K Hirooka, Y Takezaki, A Aoki, T Sato, T AF Tomioka, Keisuke Hirooka, Yuuri Takezaki, Akane Aoki, Takayuki Sato, Toyozo TI Fusarium root rot of prairie gentian caused by a species belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium root rot; Prairie gentian; Fusarium solani species complex AB Rotting of roots and stem bases and wilting of entire plants were found on a gentianaceous flowering plant, prairie gentian (Eustoma grandiflorum), grown in Kagawa Prefecture in the southwest region of Japan in April 2001. A mitosporic fungus, isolated repeatedly from the diseased plants, was identified as a species belonging to the clade 3 of Fusarium solani species complex based on the morphology and the sequence of the translation elongation factor gene. It was demonstrated to cause the disease by inoculating potted plants and reisolating the fungus from the diseased plants. We propose the name "Fusarium root rot of prairie gentian" for this disease. C1 [Tomioka, Keisuke; Aoki, Takayuki; Sato, Toyozo] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Hirooka, Yuuri] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Takezaki, Akane] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan. RP Tomioka, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. EM tomioka@affrc.go.jp NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1345-2630 J9 J GEN PLANT PATHOL JI J. Gen. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s10327-011-0295-0 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 729CJ UT WOS:000287925400010 ER PT J AU Pineros, MA Tester, M AF Pineros, Miguel A. Tester, Mark TI Calcium Inhibits Dihydropyridine-Stimulated Increases in Opening and Unitary Conductance of a Plant Ca2+ Channel SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dihydropyridine; Calcium; Unitary conductance; Single-channel recording ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; CA2+-SELECTIVE CHANNEL; VACUOLAR MEMBRANE; RELEASE CHANNELS; CATION CHANNELS; WHEAT ROOTS; VOLTAGE; BINDING; PORE; SELECTIVITY AB We have previously characterized the "RCA" channel (root Ca2+ channel), a voltage-dependent, Ca2+-permeable channel found in plasma membrane-enriched vesicles from wheat roots incorporated into artificial planar lipid bilayers. Earlier work indicated that this channel was insensitive to 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs, such as nifedipine and 202-791). However, the present study shows that this channel is sensitive to DHPs, but only with submillimolar Ca2+, when the probability of channel opening is reduced, with flickery closures becoming increasingly evident as Ca2+ activity decreases. Under these ionic conditions, addition of nanomolar concentrations of (+) 202-791 or nifedipine caused an increase in both the probability of channel opening and the unitary conductance. It is proposed that there is a competitive interaction between Ca2+ and DHPs at one of the Ca2+-binding sites involved in Ca2+ permeation and that binding of a DHP to one of the Ca2+-permeation sites facilitates movement of other calcium ions through the channel. The present study shows that higher plant Ca2+-permeable channels can be greatly affected by very low concentrations of DHPs and that channel sensitivity may vary with the ionic conditions of the experiment. The results also indicate interesting structural and functional differences between plant and animal Ca2+-permeable channels. C1 [Pineros, Miguel A.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tester, Mark] Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Tester, Mark] Univ Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Pineros, MA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM map25@cornell.edu OI Tester, Mark/0000-0002-5085-8801; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 FU Australian Research Council FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from an Australian Research Council Federation Fellowship (to M. T.) NR 31 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2631 J9 J MEMBRANE BIOL JI J. Membr. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 240 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s00232-011-9338-x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology GA 729AP UT WOS:000287918400002 PM 21274523 ER PT J AU Cao, JJ Johnson, LK Hunt, JR AF Cao, Jay J. Johnson, LuAnn K. Hunt, Janet R. TI A Diet High in Meat Protein and Potential Renal Acid Load Increases Fractional Calcium Absorption and Urinary Calcium Excretion without Affecting Markers of Bone Resorption or Formation in Postmenopausal Women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; YOUNG-ADULT WOMEN; INDUCED HYPERCALCIURIA; POTASSIUM BICARBONATE; HIP FRACTURE; ELDERLY-MEN; HEALTHY; RETENTION; METABOLISM; TURNOVER AB Our objective in this study was to determine the effects of a high-protein and high-potential renal acid load (PRAL) diet on calcium (Ca) absorption and retention and markers of bone metabolism. In a randomized crossover design, 16 postmenopausal women consumed 2 diets: 1 with low protein and low PRAL (LPLP; total protein: 61 g/d; PRAL: -48 mEq/d) and 1 with high protein and high PRAL (HPHP; total protein: 118 g/d; PRAL: 33 mEq/d) for 7 wk each separated by a 1-wk break. Ca absorption was measured by whole body scintillation counting of radio-labeled (47)Ca. Compared with the LPLP diet, the HPHP diet increased participants' serum IGF-I concentrations (P < 0.0001), decreased serum intact PTH concentrations (P < 0.001), and increased fractional (47)Ca absorption (mean +/- pooled SD: 22.3 vs. 26.5 +/- 5.4%; P < 0.05) and urinary Ca excretion (156 vs. 203 +/- 63 mg/d; P = 0.005). The net difference between the amount of Ca absorbed and excreted in urine did not differ between 2 diet periods (55 vs. 28 +/- 51 mg/d). The dietary treatments did not affect other markers of bone metabolism. In summary, a diet high in protein and PRAL increases the fractional absorption of dietary Ca, which partially compensates for increased urinary Ca, in postmenopausal women. The increased IGF-I and decreased PTH concentrations in serum, with no change in biomarkers of bone resorption or formation, indicate a high-protein diet has no adverse effects on bone health. J. Nutr. 141: 391-397, 2011. C1 [Cao, Jay J.; Johnson, LuAnn K.; Hunt, Janet R.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Cao, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM Jay.Cao@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [5450-51000-039-00D]; Beef Check-off through the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) program "Mineral Intakes for Optimal Bone Development and Health" Current Research Information System no. 5450-51000-039-00D as part of the authors' official duties. USDA, ARS, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. This work was also partially funded by the Beef Check-off through the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA). The NCBA did not participant in the design, implementation, interpretation, or analysis of the research. NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.3945/jn.110.129361 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 726LU UT WOS:000287724600007 PM 21248199 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS AF Dungan, Robert S. TI Airborne Endotoxin from Indoor and Outdoor Environments: Effect of Sample Dilution on the Kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assay SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; airborne; dairy; endotoxin; Limulus amebocyte lysate assay; swine ID EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; EXTRACTION PROTOCOLS; AGRICULTURAL DUSTS; ANIMAL HOUSES; WORKERS; MICROORGANISMS; INHIBITION; INDUSTRY; FARMERS AB Airborne endotoxins in occupational environments are a potential respiratory hazard to individuals. In this study, airborne endotoxins were collected using open-face and button aerosol samplers from inside animal housing units and downwind from agricultural production sites and a wastewater treatment plant. Filter extracts were then diluted to examine the effect of interfering substances on the kinetic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. In most cases, the overall endotoxin concentration was shown to decrease with increasing dilution up to 1000-fold, suggesting the presence of enhancing substances in the filter extracts. This dilution-dependent effect was most prominent in the open-face endotoxin samples, while button samples displayed little effect. Using a joinpoint regression model, it was determined that a dilution factor of 50 to 100 was generally sufficient to eliminate the presence of enhancing substances. After screening the data for dilution dependent effects, the airborne endotoxin concentrations were determined. The highest endotoxin concentrations, ranging from 2841 to 49,066 endotoxin units m(-3) of air, were found inside swine farrowing and finishing barns. Airborne endotoxin concentrations were 10- to 100-fold lower inside a dairy barn and downwind of other agricultural production sites and the wastewater treatment plant. Examination of dilution-dependent effects should be considered essential when utilizing the LAL assay, especially if values are to be used for regulatory purposes. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 87 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.555256 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731KX UT WOS:000288106600004 PM 21347956 ER PT J AU Kline, DL Muller, GC Hogsette, JA AF Kline, Daniel L. Mueller, Guenter C. Hogsette, Jerome A. TI Evaluation of propane combustion traps for the collection of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) in southern Israel SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sand flies; thermoelectric; surveillance; light; carbon dioxide; CDC trap ID FLIES DIPTERA PSYCHODIDAE; BITING MIDGE DIPTERA; SAND FLIES; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; CERATOPOGONIDAE POPULATIONS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; JORDAN-VALLEY; DEAD-SEA; SANDFLIES; EGYPT AB In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of eleven commercial models of propane combustion traps for catching male and female Phlebotomus papatasi. The traps differed in physical appearance, amount of carbon dioxide produced and released, type and location of capturing device, and the method by which the trap suction fans were powered. The traps tested were the Mosquito Magnet (TM)(MM)-Pro, MM-Liberty, MM-Liberty Plus, MM-Defender, SkeeterVac (R)(SV)-35, SV-27, Mosquito Deleto (TM)(MD)-2200, MD-2500, MT150-Power Trap, and two models of The Guardian Mosquito Traps (MK-01 and MK-12). All trap models except the SV-35, the SV-27, the MD-2500, and the MK-12 attracted significantly more females than males. The SV-35 was the most efficient trap, catching significantly more females than all the other models. The MD-2200 and MK-12 models were the least effective in catching either female or male sand flies. These data indicate that several models of propane combustion traps might be suitable substitutes for either CO2-baited or unbaited light traps for adult sand fly surveillance tools. One advantageous feature is the traps' ability to remain operational 24/7 for ca. 20 days on a single tank of propane. Additionally, the models that produce their own electricity to power the trap's fans have an important logistical advantage in field operations over light traps, which require daily battery exchange and charging. C1 [Kline, Daniel L.; Hogsette, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Mueller, Guenter C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Med, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, IMRIC,Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. FU Department of Defense FX This study was supported in part by funds provided to the U.S. Department of Agriculture from the Department of Defense through the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program (DWFP). We also thank Amy Junilla for suggestions for earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP S166 EP S171 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00127.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 729CZ UT WOS:000287927300022 PM 21366770 ER PT J AU Kline, DL Hogsette, JA Muller, GC AF Kline, Daniel L. Hogsette, Jerome A. Mueller, Guenter C. TI Comparison of various configurations of CDC-type traps for the collection of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli in southern Israel SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sand flies; visual targets; UV light; inverted traps; carbon dioxide; heat; color ID SAND FLIES DIPTERA; LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS SANDFLIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; LABORATORY EVALUATION; OLFACTORY RESPONSES; COLORED LIGHT; HUMAN ODOR; PSYCHODIDAE; ATTRACTION AB We conducted two experiments to determine the best CDC-trap configuration for catching male and female Phlebotomus papatasi. First, visual features were evaluated. Standard CDC traps were modified to have black or white catch bags, black or white lids, or no lids and these were tried in different combinations. Significantly more male sand flies were caught by darker traps; significantly more females were captured by traps with either all black or a combination of black and white features. Attraction may be due to dark color or contrast in colors. CDC traps with suction and the following features were also evaluated: no light; incandescent light; ultraviolet (UV) light; combination of black color, heat and moisture; CO2 alone, or a combination of black color, heat, moisture, and CO2 simultaneously, all in upright and inverted positions, with the opening for insect entry always 50 cm above the ground. Significantly more females than males were caught by all traps (standard and inverted) except the control traps with suction only. Traps with CO2 caught more sand flies than traps without CO2. Traps with black color, heat and moisture captured significantly more sand flies than the control traps, but with the addition of CO2, these traps catch significantly more sand flies than the other traps evaluated. Inverting traps increased the catch for like traps by about two times. Journal of Vector Ecology 36 (Supplement 1): S212-S218. 2011. C1 [Kline, Daniel L.; Hogsette, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Mueller, Guenter C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IMRIC, Kuvin Ctr,Study Infect & Trop Dis,Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. FU U.S. Department of Agriculture from the Department of Defense FX This study was supported in part by funds provided to the U.S. Department of Agriculture from the Department of Defense through the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program (DWFP). NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP S212 EP S218 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00133.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 729CZ UT WOS:000287927300028 PM 21366777 ER PT J AU Cilia, M Tamborindeguy, C Fish, T Howe, K Thannhauser, TW Gray, S AF Cilia, M. Tamborindeguy, C. Fish, T. Howe, K. Thannhauser, T. W. Gray, S. TI Genetics Coupled to Quantitative Intact Proteomics Links Heritable Aphid and Endosymbiont Protein Expression to Circulative Polerovirus Transmission SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; WHITEFLY BEMISIA-TABACI; COLLAGEN TYPE-IV; LEAF CURL VIRUS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; MYZUS-PERSICAE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Yellow dwarf viruses in the family Luteoviridae, which are the causal agents of yellow dwarf disease in cereal crops, are each transmitted most efficiently by different species of aphids in a circulative manner that requires the virus to interact with a multitude of aphid proteins. Aphid proteins differentially expressed in F2 Schizaphis graminum genotypes segregating for the ability to transmit Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) were identified using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) coupled to either matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem mass spectrometry or online nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 50 protein spots, containing aphid proteins and proteins from the aphid's obligate and maternally inherited bacterial endosymbiont, Buchnera, were identified as differentially expressed between transmission-competent and refractive aphids. Surprisingly, in virus transmission-competent F2 genotypes, the isoelectric points of the Buchnera proteins did not match those in the maternal Buchnera proteome as expected, but instead they aligned with the Buchnera proteome of the transmission-competent paternal parent. Among the aphid proteins identified, many were involved in energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, lipid signaling, and the cytoskeleton. At least eight aphid proteins were expressed as heritable, isoelectric point isoform pairs, one derived from each parental lineage. In the F2 genotypes, the expression of aphid protein isoforms derived from the competent parental lineage aligned with the virus transmission phenotype with high precision. Thus, these isoforms are candidate biomarkers for CYDV-RPV transmission in S. graminum. Our combined genetic and DIGE approach also made it possible to predict where several of the proteins may be expressed in refractive aphids with different barriers to transmission. Twelve proteins were predicted to act in the hindgut of the aphid, while six proteins were predicted to be associated with the accessory salivary glands or hemolymph. Knowledge of the proteins that regulate virus transmission and their predicted locations will aid in understanding the biochemical mechanisms regulating circulative virus transmission in aphids, as well as in identifying new targets to block transmission. C1 [Cilia, M.; Fish, T.; Howe, K.; Thannhauser, T. W.; Gray, S.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tamborindeguy, C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gray, S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Interact, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gray, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu RI Tamborindeguy, Cecilia/A-6110-2012 FU USDA-NRI [2007-04567]; NSF [DBI-0606596]; USDA-ARS CRIS [1907-101-16, 1907-21000-024/25-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-NRI grant 2007-04567, NSF grant DBI-0606596, and USDA-ARS CRIS projects 1907-101-16 and 1907-21000-024/25-00D. NR 78 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2148 EP 2166 DI 10.1128/JVI.01504-10 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA 716MT UT WOS:000286974900021 PM 21159868 ER PT J AU O'Connor, DP Jackson, AS McFarlin, BK Bray, MS Sailors, MH Ellis, KJ AF O'Connor, Daniel P. Jackson, Andrew S. McFarlin, Brian K. Bray, Molly S. Sailors, Mary H. Ellis, Kenneth J. TI PERCENT BODY FAT PREDICTION EQUATIONS: EXTERNAL VALIDITY AND RACE/ETHNICITY RESPONSE SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Letter C1 [O'Connor, Daniel P.; Jackson, Andrew S.; McFarlin, Brian K.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Bray, Molly S.; Sailors, Mary H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Ellis, Kenneth J.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Connor, DP (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 551 EP 551 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318206c777 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 722OL UT WOS:000287443200023 ER PT J AU Jiang, TB Zhou, BR Gao, FL Guo, BZ AF Jiang, Tingbo Zhou, Boru Gao, Fuling Guo, Baozhu TI Genetic linkage maps of white birches (Betula platyphylla Suk. and B. pendula Roth) based on RAPD and AFLP markers SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Linkage map; Betula platyphylla; Betula pendula; Pseudo-testcross; Silver birch ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS; PSEUDO-TESTCROSS; POPULUS; TRAITS; GENOME; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; STRATEGY; QTLS AB A pseudo-testcross mapping strategy was used in combination with the random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping methods to develop two moderately dense genetic linkage maps for Betula platyphylla Suk. (Asian white birch) and B. pendula Roth (European white birch). Eighty F(1) progenies were screened with 291 RAPD markers and 451 AFLP markers. We selected 230 RAPD and 362 AFLP markers with 1:1 segregation and used them for constructing the parent-specific linkage maps. The resultant map for B. platyphylla was composed of 226 markers in 24 linkage groups (LGs), and spanned 2864.5 cM with an average of 14.3 cM between adjacent markers. The linkage map for B. pendula was composed of 226 markers in 23 LGs, covering 2489.7 cM. The average map distance between adjacent markers was 13.1 cM. Clustering of AFLP markers was observed on several LGs. The availability of these white birch linkage maps will contribute to the molecular genetics and the implementation of marker-assisted selection in these important forest species. C1 [Jiang, Tingbo; Zhou, Boru; Gao, Fuling] NE Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Forest Tree Genet Improvement & Biotechno, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. [Guo, Baozhu] Univ Georgia, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jiang, TB (reprint author), NE Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Forest Tree Genet Improvement & Biotechno, 26 Hexing Rd, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. EM tbjiang@yahoo.com NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11032-010-9436-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 726VN UT WOS:000287754700007 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Saxton, AM Wang, XW Pantalone, VR Rinehart, TA Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Saxton, Arnold M. Wang, Xinwang Pantalone, Vince R. Rinehart, Timothy A. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Quantitative trait loci associated with red foliage in Cornus florida L. SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Flowering dogwood; F-2 genetic mapping population; Microsatellites; Leaf color; Ornamental plant breeding; QTL; Repeated measures ANOVA; Single marker analysis ID FLOWERING DOGWOOD; POWDERY MILDEW; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CORNACEAE; CULTIVARS; ROSES AB The objective of our investigation was to acquire information on the association between molecular markers and foliage color in flowering dogwood in order to improve our understanding of the inheritance of this trait and to make possible early selection of red foliage genotypes in breeding programs. A segregating pseudo-F-2 population of 94 individuals of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), together with 255 simple sequence repeat markers, was used to identify putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) for foliage color. Foliage color segregated into green- and red-leaved phenotypes and was visually rated for color on five spring dates over 3 years (2007-2009). Repeated measures single-marker categorical analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified four putative QTL (CF309C, CF792A, CF367B, and CF367C) on three linkage groups. Single-marker categorical ANOVA was then used to determine stability of QTL across dates. We identified different QTL, found a low percentage of phenotypic variance explained by the QTL, and detected QTL instability over time, providing evidence of the complex genetics for red pigment expression in flowering dogwood. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Saxton, Arnold M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xinwang] Texas A& M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Pantalone, Vince R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr,205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213]; J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Foundation FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Grant # 58-6404-7-213 and the J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Foundation. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Tennessee, Texas A & M University or the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9551-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 726VN UT WOS:000287754700012 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AH Taylor, DL Watson, LE AF Kennedy, Aaron H. Taylor, D. Lee Watson, Linda E. TI Mycorrhizal specificity in the fully mycoheterotrophic Hexalectris Raf. (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host parasite interactions; mycoheterotrophy; mycorrhizal specificity; orchid mycorrhizae; Russulaceae; Sebacinaceae ID LADYS SLIPPER ORCHIDS; NEOTTIA-NIDUS-AVIS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MONOTROPOIDEAE ERICACEAE; SYMBIOTIC GERMINATION; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CORALLORHIZA-TRIFIDA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS; HOST-SPECIFICITY AB Mycoheterotrophic species have abandoned an autotrophic lifestyle and obtain carbon exclusively from mycorrhizal fungi. Although these species have evolved independently in many plant families, such events have occurred most often in the Orchidaceae, resulting in the highest concentration of these species in the tracheophytes. Studies of mycoheterotrophic species' mycobionts have generally revealed extreme levels of mycorrhizal specialization, suggesting that this system is ideal for studying the evolution of mycorrhizal associations. However, these studies have often investigated single or few, often unrelated, species without consideration of their phylogenetic relationships. Herein, we present the first investigation of the mycorrhizal associates of all species of a well-characterized orchid genus comprised exclusively of mycoheterotrophic species. With the employment of molecular phylogenetic methods, we identify the fungal associates of each of nine Hexalectris species from 134 individuals and 42 populations. We report that Hexalectris warnockii associates exclusively with members of the Thelephoraceae, H. brevicaulis and H. grandiflora associate with members of the Russulaceae and Sebacinaceae subgroup A, while each member of the H. spicata species complex associates primarily with unique sets of Sebacinaceae subgroup A clades. These results are consistent with other studies of mycorrhizal specificity within mycoheterotrophic plants in that they suggest strong selection within divergent lineages for unique associations with narrow clades of mycorrhizal fungi. Our results also suggest that mycorrhizal associations are a rapidly evolving characteristic in the H. spicata complex. C1 [Kennedy, Aaron H.; Watson, Linda E.] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Taylor, D. Lee] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Watson, Linda E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Kennedy, AH (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ, Mol Diagnost Lab, Bldg 580,BARC E,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ahkennedy1@gmail.com OI Taylor, Donald/0000-0002-5985-9210 FU American Orchid Society; Miami University Department of Botany; Willard Sherman Turrell Herbarium (MU); Ohio Garden Club FX We thank the American Orchid Society, Miami University Department of Botany, Willard Sherman Turrell Herbarium (MU), and the Ohio Garden Club for financial support. We also thank the following for collection permission and assistance: Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks, Briar-wood-Caroline Dormon Nature Center (Natchitoches Parish, LA), Cedar Ridge Preserve (Audubon Society; Dallas, TX), Coronado National Forest, Indiana and Ohio Departments of Natural Resources, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Ohio and The Edge of Appalachia Preserve, TNC of Texas and Davis Mountains Preserve, and University of West Alabama; Paul Martin Brown, Marcy Brown-Marsden, Pablo Carrillo-Reyes, Ronald Coleman, Frank Farruggia, Rick Gardner, Roberto Gonzalez-Tamayo, John Karges, Kellie Kennedy, Allison Leavitt, Larry Magrath, Aaron Rodriguez, Al Schotz, Joe Sirotnak, Victoria Sosa, Bonnie Stolp, and Michael Vincent. We also acknowledge David Berg, R. James Hickey, Nicholas Money and anonymous reviewers for their improvement of earlier manuscripts. The work presented herein represents a portion of the senior author's Ph.D. dissertation. NR 76 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1316 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05000.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 730YX UT WOS:000288074600019 PM 21255173 ER EF