FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bull, CT De Boer, SH Denny, TP Firrao, G Saux, MFL Saddler, GS Scortichini, M Stead, DE Takikawa, Y AF Bull, C. T. De Boer, S. H. Denny, T. P. Firrao, G. Saux, M. Fischer-Le Saddler, G. S. Scortichini, M. Stead, D. E. Takikawa, Y. TI LIST OF NEW NAMES OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA (2008-2010) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA; SUBSP-NOV; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; ACIDOVORAX-AVENAE; PANTOEA-PUNCTATA; WITCHES-BROOM; COMB. NOV.; GEN-NOV; XANTHOMONAS AB In 2010 the International Society of Plant Pathology Committee on the Taxonomy of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria published the Comprehensive List of Names of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 1980-2007 to provide an authoritative register of names of plant pathogens. In this manuscript we update the list of names by cataloguing names published from 2008 to 2010. We provide those names that have been validly and effectively published in this time frame, the proposed names that we judged to be invalid and names published earlier that did not make the previous lists. We also discuss problems that arise in the naming of strains that fall into the status Candidatus and nomenclatural problems in the genus Xanthomonas. C1 [Bull, C. T.] USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [De Boer, S. H.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada. [Denny, T. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Firrao, G.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci Agrarie & Ambientali, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Saux, M. Fischer-Le] IRSM, INRA, UMR 1345, F-49070 Beaucouze, France. [Saddler, G. S.] Sci & Advice Scottish Agr, Edinburgh EH12 9FJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Scortichini, M.] CRA, Ctr Ric Frutticoltura, I-00134 Rome, Italy. [Stead, D. E.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Takikawa, Y.] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Agr, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM carolee.bull@ars.usda.gov; solke.deboer@inspection.gc.ca; tdenny@uga.edu; firrao@uniud.it; marion.le-saux@angers.inra.fr; gerry.saddler@sasa.gsi.gov.uk; marco.scortichini@entecra.it; david.stead1@tiscali.co.uk; abyatki@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp NR 59 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 920BE UT WOS:000302375300002 ER PT J AU Ali, H Alam, SS Attanayake, RN Rahman, M Chen, W AF Ali, H. Alam, S. S. Attanayake, R. N. Rahman, M. Chen, W. TI POPULATION STRUCTURE AND MATING TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CHICKPEA BLIGHT PATHOGEN ASCOCHYTA RABIEI FROM PAKISTAN AND THE UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating type; chickpea; Ascochyta rabiei; simple sequence repeats; genetic diversity ID RESOLVES PATHOTYPE DIVERSITY; DIDYMELLA-RABIEI; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TELEOMORPH; LOCUS; PCR; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; CLONING AB Ascochyta blight caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei (AR) depresses chickpea production in Pakistan and worldwide. Thirty two AR isolates representing six geographical regions of Pakistan were compared with a US-AR population for mating type frequency and genetic variation. Mating type results showed that the Pakistani AR (PAR) population had an apparent skewed (3 Mat1-2: 1 Mat1-1) distribution, although Chi-square tests showed non-significant deviation from equal distribution due to small sample sizes. The US population showed a 1:1 distribution of the two mating types. The uneven distribution of mating types indicates that sexual reproduction among the PAR is rare due to either unavailability of both mating types or lack of conducive environment, but statistical analysis showed that pan-mixia is there reflecting past recombinational events. Genetic variation at six microsatellite loci was assessed and each isolate was assigned to a microsatellite haplo-type. Population structure of the isolates was inferred using Bayesian analyses implemented in the structure software which differentiated isolates into three distinct clusters, two clusters of PAR and one of the US isolates. However, few isolates from the US shared the same genetic background with one cluster of the PAR isolates, providing a link of inter-continental migration of the pathogen. Additionally, the two clusters of PAR-isolates are not strictly associated with geographic locations in Pakistan, suggesting frequent gene flow of AR among different locations. Future studies should extend the sampling of representative populations to overcome the limitations of the small sample size for more accurate assessment of population structure. C1 [Ali, H.; Alam, S. S.] Nucl Inst Agr & Biol, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Attanayake, R. N.; Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rahman, M.] Natl Inst Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Faisalabad, Pakistan. RP Ali, H (reprint author), Nucl Inst Agr & Biol, Faisalabad, Pakistan. EM hinali991@hotmail.com RI Rahman, Mehboob-ur-/I-7983-2015 FU Higher Education Commission of Pakistan FX H. Ali is thankful to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for providing funds to conduct this research work at WSU, Pullman, WA, USA, and thanks also Mr. Tony Chen for his help with some of the experiments. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 920BE UT WOS:000302375300010 ER PT J AU Wei, W Xu, YL Li, S Liu, JB Han, XZ Li, WB Ji, P AF Wei, W. Xu, Y. L. Li, S. Liu, J. B. Han, X. Z. Li, W. B. Ji, P. TI ANALYSIS OF FUSARIUM POPULATIONS IN A SOYBEAN FIELD UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENT BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR AND DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fertilization management; Fusarium spp.; population structure; disease suppression ID NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ROOT-ROT; SOIL; OXYSPORUM; DIVERSITY; TERM; WILT; COLONIZATION AB The abundance and population structure of Fusarium spp. in field soils were assessed to determine the effect of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial community and potential role in disease management. The field was under soybean-wheat-corn rotation located in the black soil (Udic Mollisol) region of northeast China. Treatments included no fertilizer (NF), chemical fertilizers nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), and chemical nitrogen and phosphorus combined with pig manure (NPM). Soil samples were taken at the seedling stage of soybean and real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) methods were used to study population structure of Fusarium spp. in the soils. Total genomic DNA of Fusarium from NF, NP and NPM treatments were 1.47, 2.33 and 56.79 ng per gram of soil as determined by the QPCR analyses. The quantity of Fusarium genomic DNA in NPM treatment was significantly higher (P <0.01) than in the other two treatments. According to the DGGE analysis, the NPM treatments showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher diversity index (H) and a significantly (P<0.05) lower dominance index (C) than NP and NF treatments. Principal component analysis indicated that soil population structure of Fusarium spp. in the NPM treatment was more diversified. Severity of root rot on soybean was significantly lower when the plants grew in field soil with NPM treatment compared with the other two treatments. The results indicated that fertilization treatments might play a role in plant disease suppression by significantly affecting Fusarium populations in the soil. C1 [Wei, W.; Xu, Y. L.; Liu, J. B.; Han, X. Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, NE Inst Geog & Agroecol, Natl Field Res Stn Agroecosyst Hailun, Harbin 150081, Peoples R China. [Wei, W.; Xu, Y. L.; Liu, J. B.; Han, X. Z.] CAS, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Li, W. B.] Minist Educ, Key Lab Soybean Biol, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Li, S.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ji, P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Xu, YL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, NE Inst Geog & Agroecol, Natl Field Res Stn Agroecosyst Hailun, Harbin 150081, Peoples R China. EM xyll@neigaehrb.ac.cn; shuxian.li@ars.usda.gov FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [kzcx2-yw-408-3] FX This research was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Program (kzcx2-yw-408-3). We gratefully acknowledge Quan Zhao and Lili Zhan for assistance with soil sampling. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 920BE UT WOS:000302375300012 ER PT J AU Al Rwahnih, M Rowhani, A Smith, RJ Uyemoto, JK Sudarshana, MR AF Al Rwahnih, M. Rowhani, A. Smith, R. J. Uyemoto, J. K. Sudarshana, M. R. TI GRAPEVINE NECROTIC UNION, A NEWLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY IN GRAPEVINES GRAFTED ON 110 RICHTER ROOTSTOCK IN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE red leaf; bench-graft assays; RT-PCR; grapevine; Vitis; Pinot noir ID PITTING-ASSOCIATED-VIRUS; DEEP SEQUENCING ANALYSIS; RT-PCR; AMPLIFICATION; INFECTION; TREES; RNAS; DNA AB In Northern California, surveys of several vineyards planted to Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir (PN) clones 02A, 667, 777, and UCD 04 grafted onto the rootstock V berlandieri x V rupestris 110 Richter (110R) revealed 2 to 45% of vines showing solid red leaf canopies and two distinct disease stages, i.e., full canopied plants with normal grape clusters (designated as acute) or stunted shoots and straggly bunches (designated as chronic). In addition, the scion-rootstock junction of symptomatic grapevines had developed a necrotic union; hence, the name 'grapevine necrotic union' (GNU). Also, two white fruited cultivars, Chardonnay (clone 04, vineyard in Yolo county) and Pinot gris (clone 152, vineyard in Monterey county), exhibited GNU-associated symptoms, with an exception of pale yellowed leaves. A detailed survey, from 2004 to 2009, was made in a sub-block containing 664 grapevines (8 rows x 80-85 grapevines) in a PN 02A vineyard (planted in 1997) located in Sonoma county. The initial incidence of GNU was 2.1% in 2004 and rose to 21.9% by 2009 suggesting secondary spread. Molecular assays (RT-PCR and PCR) for grapevine viruses, phytoplasmas, and Xylella fastidiosa, failed to detect a putative causal agent. Likewise, bud-chip inoculations of test plants of Cabernet sauvignon scions on different rootstocks, including 110R, were inconclusive. However, several bench-grafts of collections of PN 02A, PN 91 and Chardonnay 04 onto 110R produced plants that developed GNU symptoms in a research plot. Based on the results obtained so far, GNU is being regarded as an emerging disease of unknown etiology in California vineyards. C1 [Uyemoto, J. K.; Sudarshana, M. R.] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit,Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, R. J.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. RP Sudarshana, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit,Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Mysore.Sudarshana@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 920BE UT WOS:000302375300015 ER PT J AU Glynn, JM Islam, MS Bai, Y Lan, S Wen, A Gudmestad, NC Civerolo, EL Lin, H AF Glynn, J. M. Islam, M. S. Bai, Y. Lan, S. Wen, A. Gudmestad, N. C. Civerolo, E. L. Lin, H. TI MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING OF 'CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM' ISOLATES FROM NORTH AMERICA AND NEW ZEALAND SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zebra chip; 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'; MLST; genetic structure ID BACTERICERA-COCKERELLI SULC; ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE; 1ST REPORT; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; POTATO; MEXICO; CITRUS AB 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' is associated with Zebra Chip (ZC) disease of potato. ZC disease has seriously affected potato cultivation in North America and New Zealand. Genotyping 'Ca. L. solanacearum' isolates in different geographical regions will reveal genetic diversity and the epidemiological relationships of diseases associated with this bacterium. In this study, a panel of 10 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) markers for 'Ca. L. solanacearum' was developed and used to characterize genetic relationships among 'Ca. L. solanacearum' isolates in North America (USA and Mexico) and New Zealand. MLST analysis detected two sequence types (ST-1 and ST-2) for each of the 10 loci. Both types are present among US isolates while only one type was detected in Mexico (ST-1) and New Zealand (ST-2) isolates, respectively. This marker system provides a useful tool for genotyping and assessing genetic diversity of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' populations. C1 [Glynn, J. M.; Islam, M. S.; Bai, Y.; Lan, S.; Civerolo, E. L.; Lin, H.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Bai, Y.] Citrus Res Inst, Guilin, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Lan, S.] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Cereal & Oil Crops, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. [Wen, A.; Gudmestad, N. C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hong.lin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA FX This work was performed as part of USDA-ARS project number 5302-22000-008-37 and funded by a USDA-NIFA agreement with Texas AgriLife Research. We thank Ms. Parminder Sahota for technical supports towards completion of this project. We also thank Dr. L.W. Liefting who provided 'Ca. L. solanacearum' samples from New Zealand. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 920BE UT WOS:000302375300025 ER PT J AU Osman, F Al Rwahnih, M Golino, D Pitman, T Cordero, F Preece, JE Rowhani, A AF Osman, F. Al Rwahnih, M. Golino, D. Pitman, T. Cordero, F. Preece, J. E. Rowhani, A. TI EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOSANITARY STATUS OF THE PRUNUS SPECIES IN THE NATIONAL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY IN CALIFORNIA: SURVEY OF VIRUSES AND VIROIDS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Prunus germplasm; Prunus viruses; viroids; RT-PCR; diagnosis ID RASP-LEAF-VIRUS; XIPHINEMA AMERICANUM; CHERRY-DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; ASSAYS; TREES AB The USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NGCR) at the University of California, Davis is recognized as one of the richest sources of Prunus species material in the US. The repository maintains more than 2450 trees representing 96 taxa collected from around the world. However, the phytosanitary status of the NCGR Prunus collection has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, a comprehensive screening of a selected subset of the collection for virus and virus-like diseases affecting Prunus trees has been completed. Two factors were considered for selecting the trees: the country of origin and the observation of suspicious disease symptoms. A total of 221 trees representing 185 different cultivars of cherry, almond, peach, apricot and plum were sampled. Conventional RT-PCR detection was used to test for 13 different viruses and two viroids. The pathogens included in the survey were Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV), American plum line pattern virus (APLPV), Cherry virus A (CVA), Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV) Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2), Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). Though the majority of these trees were asymptomatic, all tested pathogens were detected except for ToRSV and CRLV. Two of the viruses detected (ACLSV and LChV-2) had never been reported from California. Incidence of PNRSV in tested trees was the highest (55 trees) followed by the two viroids (PLMVd and HSVd), with 33 and 32 infected trees, respectively. The incidence for the rest of the pathogens ranged between 0 to 19 trees. The infection rate of all tested samples ranged from 0.5% to 24.9%. C1 [Osman, F.; Al Rwahnih, M.; Golino, D.; Cordero, F.; Rowhani, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pitman, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Fdn Plant Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Preece, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rowhani, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akrowhani@ucdavis.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 920BE UT WOS:000302375300029 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Bauer, PJ Vanotti, MB AF Szogi, Ariel A. Bauer, Philip J. Vanotti, Matias B. TI Vertical distribution of phosphorus in a sandy soil fertilized with recovered manure phosphates SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Available phosphorus; Manure; Poultry litter; Phosphorus recovery; Soil leaching ID POULTRY LITTER; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; BROILER LITTER; SWINE MANURE; SOLUBILITY; FORMS; SPECIATION; RAINFALL; NITROGEN; WASTE AB Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental fate of recovered manure phosphates for their effective use as crop fertilizers. Materials and methods A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the leaching potential and vertical distribution of total and plant-available P in a deep sandy Coastal Plain soil of the southern US fertilized with recovered P from liquid pig manure (SRP) and solid broiler litter (LRP). The recovered manure P sources were compared to commercial triple superphosphate (TSP) and raw broiler litter (BL) applied at a single rate of 170 kg P2O5 ha(-1) to 71-cm-tall soil columns with and without cotton plants. All materials were uniformly mixed into the surface 15 cm of soil in each column. All treated and control (unfertilised) soil columns were leached weekly with distilled water for 8 weeks. The water obtained after leaching the soil columns was analysed for total P. Cotton plant material was analysed for P content, and the soil columns were sectioned to determine the vertical distributions of total and plant-available P (Mehlich 3 test). Results and discussion The vertical soil P distribution showed that most of the total and plant-available P applied with SRP, LRP, and BL materials remained within the top 15-cm of the soil columns, where materials were initially applied. The significant increase of both total and soil available P within 15-22.5 cm of soil columns treated with TSP indicated translocation and potential leaching of P applied as TSP. In the short term of this study (8 weeks), the soil leaching potential of both LRP and SRP was lower than the more water-soluble commercial TSP fertilizer. Conclusions The use of recovered P could minimize manure P losses into the environment from confined animal production and provide a recycled P source for use as crop fertilizer. C1 [Szogi, Ariel A.; Bauer, Philip J.; Vanotti, Matias B.] ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM ariel.szogi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [214]; ARS [6657-13630-005-00D] FX This article is part of USDA-ARS National Program 214: Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts; ARS Project 6657-13630-005-00D "Innovative Bioresource Management Technologies for Enhanced Environmental Quality and Value Optimization." Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11368-011-0452-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 920PD UT WOS:000302417700004 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MA Halvorson, JJ Gonzalez, JM Hagerman, AE AF Schmidt, Michael A. Halvorson, Jonathan J. Gonzalez, Javier M. Hagerman, Ann E. TI Kinetics and binding capacity of six soils for structurally defined hydrolyzable and condensed tannins and related phenols SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Extraction; Polarity; Polyphenol; Soil texture; Sorption; Tannin ID THERMALLY ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS; KALMIA-ANGUSTIFOLIA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SORPTION; DESORPTION; ACID; INHIBITION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Purpose We investigated tannin-soil interactions by assessing the kinetics of sorption and sorption capacities, and their relationship to the chemical properties of six polyphenolic compounds and the textures of six soils. We developed a new extraction procedure for recovering tannins from soil samples by successive extraction with solvents of decreasing polarity. Materials and methods Sorption of polyphenolic compounds methyl gallate, catechin, oenothein B, pentagalloyl glucose, epigallocatechin gallate, and procyanidin dimer was determined using six soils with textures ranging from 7% silt-89% sand to 52% silt-22% sand. Sorption kinetics and capacity of the soils were determined using room temperature mixing with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine polyphenol concentration. Tannins were extracted from soils loaded with known amounts of the model compounds using solvents with a range of polarities, and establishing recovery by HPLC. Multivariable regression was used to establish relationships between polyphenol properties and sorption, and between soil texture and sorption. Results and discussion Sorption of the polyphenols followed the Langmuir isotherm with unique binding capacity and kinetics of sorption for each compound. Tannin sorption was correlated to molecular weight and polarity. For an Ultisol pasture soil, up to 18.7 mg g(-1) soil of the large, hydrophobic compound epigallocatechin gallate was bound compared to only 5.11 mg g(-1) soil of the smaller, more polar compound methyl gallate. Kinetics of sorption also varied with sorption reaching equilibrium between 75 and 350 min. Silt and sand composition affected polyphenol sorption in a unique fashion for each polyphenol. Using sequential extraction with solvents ranging from polar (water) to nonpolar (hexane), we extracted up to 42% of the material that had been loaded on the soil as a mixture of five polyphenols. Conclusions This work demonstrates that the likely fate of tannins and related polyphenols from plant sources is rapid sorption, with little likelihood of release of unmodified tannins from the soil by leaching. Tight sorption impedes recovery and analysis of soil tannins, but better methods for extraction may improve our knowledge of tannins in the soil. C1 [Schmidt, Michael A.; Hagerman, Ann E.] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Halvorson, Jonathan J.; Gonzalez, Javier M.] ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Hagerman, AE (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM hagermae@muohio.edu FU USDA [58-1932-6-634] FX This work was funded by USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-1932-6-634 to Miami University. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s11368-011-0463-z PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 920PD UT WOS:000302417700007 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Taylor, MM Latona, RJ AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. Taylor, Maryann M. Latona, Renee J. TI EFFECTS OF DEHYDRATION METHODS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBROUS NETWORKS FROM UN-TANNED HIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; POLY(LACTIC ACID); MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COLLAGEN NANOFIBERS; BOVINE HIDE; LEATHER; COMPOSITES; RESISTANCE; PRODUCTS AB To improve prospective markets and to secure a viable future for the hides and leather industries, it is important to develop new uses and novel biobased products from hides. We hypothesize collagen fiber networks derived from untanned hides can be utilized to prepare high performance green composites and air filters, of which both have a great market potential. Collagen fiber networks were obtained from split hides that have been processed to remove the noncollagenous materials through liming, hair removal and bating steps. This study was devoted to understand the effects of a key processing step - dehydration on the morphology and physical properties of the resultant fiber networks, which will be the starting material for constructing air filters and green composites. Five dehydration methods were investigated and observation showed solvent- and freeze-drying yielded the lowest apparent density indicating a higher degree of separation in the fibrous networks that will be favorable for further processing into useful products. ESEM observations also confirmed the fibers were more separated from solvent- and freeze-drying than those from the other dehydration methods. Mechanical testing showed the lower apparent density led to lower tensile strength, greater elongation at break, lower Young's modulus, and higher toughness. The results of this research could be useful to the production of high quality fibrous products such as high efficiency air filters or fiber-reinforced green composites. C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung; Latona, Nicholas P.; Taylor, Maryann M.; Latona, Renee J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA 1314 50 ST, STE 103, LUBBOCK, TX 79412 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 107 IS 3 BP 70 EP 77 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 917WA UT WOS:000302208100001 ER PT J AU Olarte, RA Horn, BW Dorner, JW Monacell, JT Singh, R Stone, EA Carbone, I AF Olarte, Rodrigo A. Horn, Bruce W. Dorner, Joe W. Monacell, James T. Singh, Rakhi Stone, Eric A. Carbone, Ignazio TI Effect of sexual recombination on population diversity in aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and evidence for cryptic heterokaryosis SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE array comparative genome hybridization; biological control; heritability; multilocus sequence typing; non-Mendelian segregation; vegetative compatibility group ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; GENE-CLUSTER; UNITED-STATES; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; FIELD APPLICATION; A-TAMARII; PARASITICUS; CONTAMINATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Aspergillus flavus is the major producer of carcinogenic aflatoxins (AFs) in crops worldwide. Natural populations of A.similar to flavus show tremendous variation in AF production, some of which can be attributed to environmental conditions, differential regulation of the AF biosynthetic pathway and deletions or loss-of-function mutations in the AF gene cluster. Understanding the evolutionary processes that generate genetic diversity in A.similar to flavus may also explain quantitative differences in aflatoxigenicity. Several population studies using multilocus genealogical approaches provide indirect evidence of recombination in the genome and specifically in the AF gene cluster. More recently, A.similar to flavus has been shown to be functionally heterothallic and capable of sexual reproduction in laboratory crosses. In the present study, we characterize the progeny from nine A.similar to flavus crosses using toxin phenotype assays, DNA sequence-based markers and array comparative genome hybridization. We show high AF heritability linked to genetic variation in the AF gene cluster, as well as recombination through the independent assortment of chromosomes and through crossing over within the AF cluster that coincides with inferred recombination blocks and hotspots in natural populations. Moreover, the vertical transmission of cryptic alleles indicates that while an A.similar to flavus deletion strain is predominantly homokaryotic, it may harbour AF cluster genes at a low copy number. Results from experimental matings indicate that sexual recombination is driving genetic and functional hyperdiversity in A.similar to flavus. The results of this study have significant implications for managing AF contamination of crops and for improving biocontrol strategies using nonaflatoxigenic strains of A.similar to flavus. C1 [Olarte, Rodrigo A.; Monacell, James T.; Singh, Rakhi; Carbone, Ignazio] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Horn, Bruce W.; Dorner, Joe W.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Monacell, James T.; Stone, Eric A.] N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stone, Eric A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carbone, I (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ignazio_carbone@ncsu.edu RI Stone, Eric/Q-7840-2016 FU North Carolina Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2008-34500-19396]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35319-16126]; USDA; National Science Foundation [1046167] FX We wish to thank T. Walk and M. Schweikert for providing technical assistance. Geromy Moore provided AF17 sequence information for several A. flavus isolates. This work is funded by the North Carolina Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service 2008-34500-19396 and by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant No. 2005-35319-16126 to I. Carbone. R.A. Olarte is supported by a USDA National Needs Fellowship. We thank the National Science Foundation's Dimensions of Biodiversity (DoB) program for financial support (Award Number 1046167). NR 73 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1453 EP 1476 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05398.x PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 903KS UT WOS:000301116000012 PM 22212063 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Zaccaro, MLD AF Dayan, Franck E. Zaccaro, Maria Leticia de M. TI Chlorophyll fluorescence as a marker for herbicide mechanisms of action SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Photosynthesis; Induced chlorophyll fluorescence; Photosynthetic electron rate; Mode of action; Herbicide; Mechanism of action; Light-dependent; Light-independent ID P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; NON-MEVALONATE PATHWAY; STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOENE DESATURATION; PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT; MODE AB Photosynthesis is the single most important source of 02 and organic chemical energy necessary to support all non-autotrophic life forms. Plants compartmentalize this elaborate biochemical process within chloroplasts in order to safely harness the power of solar energy and convert it into usable chemical units. Stresses (biotic or abiotic) that challenge the integrity of the plant cell are likely to affect photosynthesis and alter chlorophyll fluorescence. A simple three-step assay was developed to test selected herbicides representative of the known herbicide mechanisms of action and a number of natural phytotoxins to determine their effect on photosynthesis as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. The most active compounds were those interacting directly with photosynthesis (inhibitors of photosystem I and II), those inhibiting carotenoid synthesis, and those with mechanisms of action generating reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (uncouplers and inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase). Other active compounds targeted lipids (very-long-chain fatty acid synthase and removal of cuticular waxes). Therefore, induced chlorophyll fluorescence is a good biomarker to help identify certain herbicide modes of action and their dependence on light for bioactivity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. [Zaccaro, Maria Leticia de M.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 78 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.01.005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 919NA UT WOS:000302333400001 ER PT J AU Iversen, CM Murphy, MT Allen, MF Childs, J Eissenstat, DM Lilleskov, EA Sarjala, TM Sloan, VL Sullivan, PF AF Iversen, C. M. Murphy, M. T. Allen, M. F. Childs, J. Eissenstat, D. M. Lilleskov, E. A. Sarjala, T. M. Sloan, V. L. Sullivan, P. F. TI Advancing the use of minirhizotrons in wetlands SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE Fine roots; Minirhizotron; Wetlands; Peatlands; Methodology ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; NORTH-AMERICAN WETLANDS; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; WHITE-CEDAR WETLANDS; WATER-TABLE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; MYCORRHIZAL STATUS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS AB Background Wetlands store a substantial amount of carbon (C) in deep soil organic matter deposits, and play an important role in global fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane. Fine roots (i.e., ephemeral roots that are active in water and nutrient uptake) are recognized as important components of biogeochemical cycles in nutrient-limited wetland ecosystems. However, quantification of fine-root dynamics in wetlands has generally been limited to destructive approaches, possibly because of methodological difficulties associated with the unique environmental, soil, and plant community characteristics of these systems. Non-destructive minirhizotron technology has rarely been used in wetland ecosystems. Scope Our goal was to develop a consensus on, and a methodological framework for, the appropriate installation and use of minirhizotron technology in wetland ecosystems. Here, we discuss a number of potential solutions for the challenges associated with the deployment of minirhizotron technology in wetlands, including minirhizotron installation and anchorage, capture and analysis of minirhizotron images, and upscaling of minirhizotron data for analysis of biogeochemical pools and parameterization of land surface models. Conclusions The appropriate use of minirhizotron technology to examine relatively understudied fine-root dynamics in wetlands will advance our knowledge of ecosystem C and nutrient cycling in these globally important ecosystems. C1 [Iversen, C. M.; Childs, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Murphy, M. T.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Allen, M. F.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Eissenstat, D. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lilleskov, E. A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI USA. [Sarjala, T. M.] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Parkano, Finland. [Sloan, V. L.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Sullivan, P. F.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK USA. [Sullivan, P. F.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Iversen, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM iversencm@ornl.gov FU New Phytologist Trust; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This paper was developed from a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in October, 2010 to facilitate discussion on minirhizotron use to examine fine-root dynamics in wetlands. The authors do not have a financial interest in the commercial products discussed here. We thank the New Phytologist Trust and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research for sponsoring the workshop. We also thank R. Norby and anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 94 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2012 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-0953-1 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 920QG UT WOS:000302421300002 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Gustin, KM Maines, TR Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Gustin, Kortney M. Maines, Taronna R. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Influenza Virus Respiratory Infection and Transmission Following Ocular Inoculation in Ferrets SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID AVIAN-INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; H7 VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; H5N1; HUMANS; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE AB While influenza viruses are a common respiratory pathogen, sporadic reports of conjunctivitis following human infection demonstrates the ability of this virus to cause disease outside of the respiratory tract. The ocular surface represents both a potential site of virus replication and a portal of entry for establishment of a respiratory infection. However, the properties which govern ocular tropism of influenza viruses, the mechanisms of virus spread from ocular to respiratory tissue, and the potential differences in respiratory disease initiated from different exposure routes are poorly understood. Here, we established a ferret model of ocular inoculation to explore the development of virus pathogenicity and transmissibility following influenza virus exposure by the ocular route. We found that multiple subtypes of human and avian influenza viruses mounted a productive virus infection in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets following ocular inoculation, and were additionally detected in ocular tissue during the acute phase of infection. H5N1 viruses maintained their ability for systemic spread and lethal infection following inoculation by the ocular route. Replication-independent deposition of virus inoculum from ocular to respiratory tissue was limited to the nares and upper trachea, unlike traditional intranasal inoculation which results in virus deposition in both upper and lower respiratory tract tissues. Despite high titers of replicating transmissible seasonal viruses in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets inoculated by the ocular route, virus transmissibility to naive contacts by respiratory droplets was reduced following ocular inoculation. These data improve our understanding of the mechanisms of virus spread following ocular exposure and highlight differences in the establishment of respiratory disease and virus transmissibility following use of different inoculation volumes and routes. C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Gustin, Kortney M.; Maines, Taronna R.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Belser, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011 OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The source of funding for this work was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 AR e1002569 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002569 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 918CC UT WOS:000302225600023 PM 22396651 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Liu, ZY Halterman, DA AF Chen, Yu Liu, Zhenyu Halterman, Dennis A. TI Molecular Determinants of Resistance Activation and Suppression by Phytophthora infestans Effector IPI-O SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; POTATO LATE BLIGHT; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; PLANT IMMUNITY; CELL-DEATH; OOMYCETE EFFECTOR; AVIRULENCE GENES; INNATE IMMUNITY; COILED-COIL AB Despite intensive breeding efforts, potato late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, remains a threat to potato production worldwide because newly evolved pathogen strains have consistently overcome major resistance genes. The potato RB gene, derived from the wild species Solanum bulbocastanum, confers resistance to most P. infestans strains through recognition of members of the pathogen effector family IPI-O. While the majority of IPI-O proteins are recognized by RB to elicit resistance (e. g. IPI-O1, IPI-O2), some family members are able to elude detection (e. g. IPI-O4). In addition, IPI-O4 blocks recognition of IPI-O1, leading to inactivation of RB-mediated programmed cell death. Here, we report results that elucidate molecular mechanisms governing resistance elicitation or suppression of RB by IPI-O. Our data indicate self-association of the RB coiled coil (CC) domain as well as a physical interaction between this domain and the effectors IPI-O4 and IPI-O1. We identified four amino acids within IPI-O that are critical for interaction with the RB CC domain and one of these amino acids, at position 129, determines hypersensitive response (HR) elicitation in planta. IPI-O1 mutant L129P fails to induce HR in presence of RB while IPI-O4 P129L gains the ability to induce an HR. Like IPI-O4, IPI-O1 L129P is also able to suppress the HR mediated by RB, indicating a critical step in the evolution of this gene family. Our results point to a model in which IPI-O effectors can affect RB function through interaction with the RB CC domain. C1 [Chen, Yu; Liu, Zhenyu; Halterman, Dennis A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI USA. [Halterman, Dennis A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI USA. EM dennis.halterman@ars.usda.gov RI Liu, Zhenyu/C-1369-2014; Liu, Zhenyu /C-9814-2012 FU UW Dept. of Plant Pathology; USDA-ARS; UW Graduate School FX Y.C. was supported by the UW Dept. of Plant Pathology, Z.L. by the USDA-ARS and UW Graduate School, and D.H.'s laboratory was supported by the USDA-ARS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 AR e1002595 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002595 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 918CC UT WOS:000302225600044 PM 22438813 ER PT J AU Mann, RS Ali, JG Hermann, SL Tiwari, S Pelz-Stelinski, KS Alborn, HT Stelinski, LL AF Mann, Rajinder S. Ali, Jared G. Hermann, Sara L. Tiwari, Siddharth Pelz-Stelinski, Kirsten S. Alborn, Hans T. Stelinski, Lukasz L. TI Induced Release of a Plant-Defense Volatile 'Deceptively' Attracts Insect Vectors to Plants Infected with a Bacterial Pathogen SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS; YELLOW-DWARF-VIRUS; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI HOMOPTERA; BEMISIA-TABACI HEMIPTERA; MYZUS-PERSICAE HOMOPTERA; SOYBEAN APHID HEMIPTERA; REAL-TIME PCR; DIAPHORINA-CITRI; SALICYLIC-ACID AB Transmission of plant pathogens by insect vectors is a complex biological process involving interactions between the plant, insect, and pathogen. Pathogen-induced plant responses can include changes in volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites as well as major plant nutrients. Experiments were conducted to understand how a plant pathogenic bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), affects host preference behavior of its psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) vector. D. citri were attracted to volatiles from pathogen-infected plants more than to those from non-infected counterparts. Las-infected plants were more attractive to D. citri adults than non-infected plants initially; however after feeding, psyllids subsequently dispersed to non-infected rather than infected plants as their preferred settling point. Experiments with Las-infected and non-infected plants under complete darkness yielded similar results to those recorded under light. The behavior of psyllids in response to infected versus non-infected plants was not influenced by whether or not they were carriers of the pathogen. Quantification of volatile release from non-infected and infected plants supported the hypothesis that odorants mediate psyllid preference. Significantly more methyl salicylate, yet less methyl anthranilate and D-limonene, was released by infected than non-infected plants. Methyl salicylate was attractive to psyllids, while methyl anthranilate did not affect their behavior. Feeding on citrus by D. citri adults also induced release of methyl salicylate, suggesting that it may be a cue revealing location of conspecifics on host plants. Infected plants were characterized by lower levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, and iron, as well as, higher levels of potassium and boron than non-infected plants. Collectively, our results suggest that host selection behavior of D. citri may be modified by bacterial infection of plants, which alters release of specific headspace volatiles and plant nutritional contents. Furthermore, we show in a laboratory setting that this apparent pathogen-mediated manipulation of vector behavior may facilitate pathogen spread. C1 [Mann, Rajinder S.; Ali, Jared G.; Hermann, Sara L.; Tiwari, Siddharth; Pelz-Stelinski, Kirsten S.; Stelinski, Lukasz L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Alborn, Hans T.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Agr Res Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Mann, RS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. EM stelinski@ufl.edu OI Ali, Jareg/0000-0002-5794-9554 FU Citrus Research and Development Foundation Inc. Florida FX Funding for this research was provided by the Citrus Research and Development Foundation Inc. Florida. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 105 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 9 U2 113 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 AR e1002610 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002610 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 918CC UT WOS:000302225600054 PM 22457628 ER PT J AU Sajnani, G Silva, CJ Ramos, A Pastrana, MA Onisko, BC Erickson, ML Antaki, EM Dynin, I Vazquez-Fernandez, E Sigurdson, CJ Carter, JM Requena, JR AF Sajnani, Gustavo Silva, Christopher J. Ramos, Adriana Pastrana, Miguel A. Onisko, Bruce C. Erickson, Melissa L. Antaki, Elizabeth M. Dynin, Irina Vazquez-Fernandez, Ester Sigurdson, Christina J. Mark Carter, J. Requena, Jesus R. TI PK-sensitive PrPSc Is Infectious and Shares Basic Structural Features with PK-resistant PrPSc SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID SCRAPIE PRION PROTEIN; TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; IN-VIVO; AGENT; DISEASE; STRAINS; HAMSTER; BRAIN AB One of the main characteristics of the transmissible isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) is its partial resistance to proteinase K (PK) digestion. Diagnosis of prion disease typically relies upon immunodetection of PK-digested PrPSc following Western blot or ELISA. More recently, researchers determined that there is a sizeable fraction of PrPSc that is sensitive to PK hydrolysis (sPrP(Sc)). Our group has previously reported a method to isolate this fraction by centrifugation and showed that it has protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) converting activity. We compared the infectivity of the sPrP(Sc) versus the PK-resistant (rPrP(Sc)) fractions of PrPSc and analyzed the biochemical characteristics of these fractions under conditions of limited proteolysis. Our results show that sPrP(Sc) and rPrP(Sc) fractions have comparable degrees of infectivity and that although they contain different sized multimers, these multimers share similar structural properties. Furthermore, the PK-sensitive fractions of two hamster strains, 263K and Drowsy (Dy), showed strain-dependent differences in the ratios of the sPrP(Sc) to the rPrP(Sc) forms of PrPSc. Although the sPrP(Sc) and rPrP(Sc) fractions have different resistance to PK-digestion, and have previously been shown to sediment differently, and have a different distribution of multimers, they share a common structure and phenotype. C1 [Sajnani, Gustavo; Ramos, Adriana; Pastrana, Miguel A.; Vazquez-Fernandez, Ester; Requena, Jesus R.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Med, Dept Med, Santiago De Compostela, Galiza, Spain. [Silva, Christopher J.; Onisko, Bruce C.; Erickson, Melissa L.; Antaki, Elizabeth M.; Dynin, Irina; Mark Carter, J.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Antaki, Elizabeth M.; Sigurdson, Christina J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sigurdson, Christina J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sajnani, G (reprint author), Natl Paraplegia Hosp, Neural Repair & Biomat Lab, Toledo, Spain. EM gsajnani@sescam.jccm.es RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015; Sajnani, Gustavo/E-5816-2016; OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168; Sajnani, Gustavo/0000-0003-4996-572X; Silva, Christopher/0000-0003-4521-6377 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [BFU2006-04588/BMC]; European Union [FOOD-CT-2006-023183, FP7 222887] FX This study was funded with grant BFU2006-04588/BMC from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education and grants FOOD-CT-2006-023183 (StrainBarrrier) and FP7 222887 (Priority) from the European Union. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 AR e1002547 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002547 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 918CC UT WOS:000302225600008 PM 22396643 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Garbelotto, M Goss, EM Heungens, K Prospero, S AF Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Garbelotto, Matteo Goss, Erica M. Heungens, Kurt Prospero, Simone TI Emergence of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OREGON TANOAK FORESTS; PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENOME SEQUENCES; CLONAL LINEAGES; PLANT PATHOLOGY; NATURAL HYBRID; CENTRAL MEXICO; TOLUCA VALLEY AB The recently emerged plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum is responsible for causing the sudden oak death epidemic. This review documents the emergence of P. ramorum based on evolutionary and population genetic analyses. Currently infection by P. ramorum occurs only in Europe and North America and three clonal lineages are distinguished: EU1, NA1 and NA2. Ancient divergence of these lineages supports a scenario in which P. ramorum originated from reproductively isolated populations and underwent at least four global migration events. This recent work sheds new light on mechanisms of emergence of exotic pathogens and provides crucial insights into migration pathways. C1 [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Garbelotto, Matteo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goss, Erica M.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Goss, Erica M.] Univ Florida, Ennerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Heungens, Kurt] Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, Plant Sci Unit Crop Protect, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Prospero, Simone] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM grunwaln@science.oregonstate.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) - Current Research Information System (CRIS) [5358-22000-034-00]; USDA-ARS Floriculture Nursery Research Initiative; US Forest Service; USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USA APHIS) FX We thank Jennifer Parke and Chris Mundt for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support to N.J.G. was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) - Current Research Information System (CRIS) 5358-22000-034-00, the USDA-ARS Floriculture Nursery Research Initiative, the US Forest Service, and the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USA APHIS). NR 71 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 20 IS 3 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2011.12.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 921CM UT WOS:000302455600005 PM 22326131 ER PT J AU Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Liebig, MA Krupinsky, JM Hanson, JD Anderson, RL AF Merrill, Stephen D. Tanaka, Donald L. Liebig, Mark A. Krupinsky, Joseph M. Hanson, Jonathan D. Anderson, Randy L. TI Sequence effects among crops on alluvial-derived soil compared with those on glacial till-derived soil in the northern Great Plains, USA SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Alluvial-derived soil; Crop sequence effect; Crop sequence experiment; Dynamic cropping systems; Glacial till-derived soil; Soil water depletion ID DYNAMIC CROPPING SYSTEMS; WINTER-WHEAT; WATER-USE; NO-TILL; MANAGEMENT; DEPLETION; RESIDUE; FUTURE; LENGTH; CEREAL AB The dynamic cropping systems concept proposes a long-term strategy of crop sequencing to achieve production, economic and soil care goals through sound ecological management. This requires that agriculturalists have comprehensive information about how crop species affect following years' crops. Little research exists about how differences in soil type and properties change crop sequence effects. Sandy loam, alluvial-derived soil in south central North Dakota, USA (400 mm/yr precipitation) was the site of a crop sequence experiment in which four species - maize (Zea mays L), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) - were grown in strips one year and in perpendicular strips the following, with spring wheat planted a third year. No-till management was used with three replications in land and two in time. Results were compared with those from two 10 x 10 sequence experiments on silt loam, glacial till-derived soil. Soil water depletion (SWD) and root growth were deeper in sandy loam soil than in silt loam. During a year of above average precipitation, prior year soybean enhanced spring wheat yield on sandy loam soil by 14% above average, but prior year spring wheat reduced it by 14%. During a year of deficient precipitation, prior crop effects on spring wheat yield ranked in order of expected springtime soil water storage: dry pea, 11%; spring wheat, 4%; soybean, -5%; maize, -10%. Prior crops' SWD largely determined spring soil water, with maize having greatest depletion. Excluding results from a year of low precipitation, prior crops' effects on spring wheat yield on sandy loam soil were similar to results found at two sequence experiments on silt loam soil: dry pea - generally positive effect (N-production, water conservation); spring wheat - negative (disease); soybean - positive (N-production); maize - generally negative (heavier water use). Same year comparison of three crops (nine sequences) on sandy loam soil vs. silt loam showed average dry pea and spring wheat yields being equivalent (P < 0.10). However, average maize yield was 37% lower on silt loam, with maize-after-maize yielding 54% less. The site with sandy loam land had topsoil with lower soil quality indicators (organic C, water holding capacity) than silt loam. However, no-till management and previous grass rendered productivity of the soils equivalent, and superior capacity of the sandy loam site subsoil to conduct water and be conducive to root growth lessened negative, water-generated crop sequence effects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Merrill, Stephen D.; Tanaka, Donald L.; Liebig, Mark A.; Krupinsky, Joseph M.; Hanson, Jonathan D.; Anderson, Randy L.] ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), 5317 S Zenith Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55410 USA. EM steve.merrill@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 107 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2011.10.013 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 910XX UT WOS:000301683000001 ER PT J AU Hernandez, G Trabue, S Sauer, T Pfeiffer, R Tyndall, J AF Hernandez, Guillermo Trabue, Steven Sauer, Thomas Pfeiffer, Richard Tyndall, John TI Odor mitigation with tree buffers: Swine production case study SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Odor; Particulate; Shelterbelt; Swine; Tree buffer; VOCs ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; FIELD SAMPLING METHOD; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WIND-TUNNEL; AIR-FLOW; WASTES; OLFACTOMETRY; BUILDINGS; EMISSIONS AB Vegetative environmental buffers (VEB) are a potentially low cost sustainable odor mitigation strategy, but there is little to no data supporting their effectiveness. Wind tunnel experiments and field monitoring were used to determine the effect VEB had on wind flow patterns within a swine facility. Particle and odorous compound concentrations were monitored before and after the VEB. Wind tunnel experiments indicated that building orientation had about the same impact on air flow patterns as the combined buildings and VEB. Field monitoring studies revealed that air flow patterns at a swine facility were dynamic showing intense instability during the heat of the day, but stable air in the evening hours indicating that air during the day was controlled by vertical movement into the atmosphere while in the evening air patterns show a collapse mostly horizontal movement. Total particle counts before and after the vegetative buffer were reduced by over 40% and odorous compound concentrations for volatile fatty acids, phenol and indole compounds were reduced by 40-60%. Plant material taken from trees in the vegetative buffer showed no significant loading gradients between materials facing the swine facility and those opposite the swine facility. There were significantly higher loadings of odorous VFAs, phenolic, and indole compounds on plant material for samples taken from 2.7 m compared to samples taken from either 0.6 or 1.3 m indicating that vertical transport was major transport mechanism for odor at the swine facility. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hernandez, Guillermo; Trabue, Steven; Sauer, Thomas; Pfeiffer, Richard] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hernandez, Guillermo] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Soil & Water & Environm Grp, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Tyndall, John] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource & Ecol Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trabue, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov RI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/I-5429-2013; OI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/0000-0001-8225-5813; Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 FU National Pork Board [05-118, 07-048] FX We sincerely thank Kevin Jensen, Kenwood Scoggin, Jadon Kool, Kathleen Lewis, Dan West, Forrest Goodman, and Timothy Hart for their dedicated technical work. Also, to Kent Schwartz for facilitating the implementation of this study on their farm. This study was carried out with support provided by National Pork Board (Projects 05-118 and 07-048). NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 149 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.002 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911AM UT WOS:000301689700017 ER PT J AU Lawley, YE Teasdale, JR Weil, RR AF Lawley, Yvonne E. Teasdale, John R. Weil, Ray R. TI The Mechanism for Weed Suppression by a Forage Radish Cover Crop SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREEN MANURE CROPS; MYROSINASE ACTIVITY; BRASSICA; GERMINATION; GROWTH; SOIL; ESTABLISHMENT; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTS; TISSUES AB Little is known about the mechanism of winter annual weed suppression by forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. variety longipinnatus) winter cover crops. Previous studies suggest that allelopathy from decomposing residue and competition due to rapid canopy development contribute to weed suppression by other Brassica cover crops. Four contrasting experimental approaches were used to identify the mechanism of weed suppression by forage radish cover crops. Results of a field based cover crop residue-transfer experiment supported the hypothesis that fall cover crop weed competition is the dominant mechanism of weed suppression following forage radish cover crops. A high level of early spring weed suppression was observed where forage radish grew in the fall regardless of whether residues were left in place or removed. In contrast, there was limited weed suppression in bare soil treatments that received additions of forage radish tissues. Bioassays using cover crop amended soil or aqueous extracts of cover crop tissues and amended soil did not reveal any allelopathic activity limiting seed germination or seedling establishment. In a field-based weed seed bioassay, forage radish cover crops did not inhibit emergence of winter-planted weed seeds relative to a no cover crop control. Forage radish amended soils stimulated seedling growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in all types of bioassays. The results of the four experiments in this study point to a common conclusion that fall weed competition is the dominant mechanism for early spring weed suppression following forage radish winter cover crops. C1 [Lawley, Yvonne E.] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Teasdale, John R.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Weil, Ray R.] Univ Maryland, Dep Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lawley, YE (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, 222 Agr Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM yvonne_lawley@umanitoba.ca NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0128 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400001 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Evett, SR Howell, TA Li, F Kustas, WP Anderson, MC AF Colaizzi, P. D. Evett, S. R. Howell, T. A. Li, F. Kustas, W. P. Anderson, M. C. TI Radiation Model for Row Crops: I. Geometric View Factors and Parameter Optimization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; 2-SOURCE MODEL; NET-RADIATION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; SOIL SURFACE; HIGH-PLAINS; ENERGY AB Row crops with partial cover result in different radiation partitioning to the soil and canopy compared with full cover; however, methods to account for partial cover have not been adequately investigated. The objectives of this study were to: (i) develop geometric view factors to account for the spatial distribution of row crop vegetation; (ii) combine view factors with a widely used vegetation radiation balance model; and (iii) optimize three parameters required by the model that describe leaf angle, visible leaf absorption, and near-infrared leaf absorption. Measurements of transmitted and reflected shortwave irradiance for corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were used to optimize parameters and evaluate the model. View factors were derived by modeling the crop rows as elliptical hedgerows. The optimized ellipsoid leaf angle parameter, visible leaf absorption, and near-infrared leaf absorption were 1.0, 0.85, and 0.20 for corn; 1.5, 0.82, and 0.20 for grain sorghum; and 3.0, 0.83, and 0.14 for cotton, respectively. Visible leaf absorption was similar for all crops. Near-infrared leaf absorption was the same for corn and grain sorghum but less for cotton. The only parameter that changed for each crop species was leaf angle. The optimized parameters for corn and grain sorghum were within the range of values recommended in previous studies, and the leaf angle parameter for cotton agreed with a previous study of cotton leaf angles. All parameters were distinctly identifiable, and no parameter correlation was observed. C1 [Colaizzi, P. D.; Evett, S. R.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Li, F.] Geosci Australia, Natl Earth Observat Grp, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia. [Kustas, W. P.; Anderson, M. C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM paul.colaizzi@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU USDA-ARS; Water Availability and Watershed Management; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management and by the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. We are grateful to the numerous biological technicians and student workers for their meticulous and dedicated efforts in executing experiments and obtaining and processing data. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 225 EP 240 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0082 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400003 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Schwartz, RC Evett, SR Howell, TA Gowda, PH Tolk, JA AF Colaizzi, P. D. Schwartz, R. C. Evett, S. R. Howell, T. A. Gowda, P. H. Tolk, J. A. TI Radiation Model for Row Crops: II. Model Evaluation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; 2-SOURCE MODEL; NET-RADIATION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; SOIL SURFACE; HIGH-PLAINS; CANOPY; BALANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Relatively few radiation transfer studies have considered the impact of varying vegetation cover that typifies row crops, and methods to account for partial row crop cover have not been well investigated. Our objective was to evaluate a widely used radiation model that was modified for row crops having sparse to full vegetation cover. The radiation model was combined with geometric view factors based on elliptical hedgerows that account for the spatial distribution of row crop vegetation, and this approach was compared with the more commonly used clumping index approach. Irradiance measurements included transmitted and reflected visible and shortwave, outgoing longwave, and total net radiation. The model used optimized parameters for corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The elliptical hedgerow and clumping index approaches resulted in similar model agreement; however, the former resulted in up to 7.3 W m(-2) smaller RMSE and up to 7.5 W m(-2) smaller mean bias error compared with the latter. Both approaches resulted in similar model sensitivities to inputs, which varied +/- 25%. Calculated shortwave irradiance fluxes were most sensitive to leaf area index (LAI; -3.25), canopy width (-1.94), ellipsoid leaf angle parameter (-0.77), and visible leaf absorption (-5.54) when LAI = 2.95 m(2) m(-2), and visible soil reflectance (0.89) when LAI = 0.21 m(2) m(-2). Calculated outgoing longwave irradiance and net radiation were most sensitive to the soil directional brightness temperature (0.55 and -0.61, respectively) when LAI = 0.21 m(2) m(-2). C1 [Colaizzi, P. D.; Schwartz, R. C.; Evett, S. R.; Howell, T. A.; Gowda, P. H.; Tolk, J. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM paul.colaizzi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Water Availability and Watershed Management; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management, and by the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between the USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. We are grateful to the numerous biological technicians and student workers for their meticulous and dedicated efforts in executing experiments and obtaining and processing data. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0083 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400004 ER PT J AU Aguilar, J Evans, R Vigil, M Daughtry, CST AF Aguilar, Jonathan Evans, Robert Vigil, Merle Daughtry, Craig S. T. TI Spectral Estimates of Crop Residue Cover and Density for Standing and Flat Wheat Stubble SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHORTWAVE INFRARED REFLECTANCE; PLANT LITTER; SOIL; TILLAGE; CARBON AB Crop residue is important for erosion control, soil water storage, filling gaps in various agroecosystem-based modeling, and sink for atmospheric carbon. The use of remote sensing technology provides a fast, objective, and efficient tool for measuring and managing this resource. The challenge is to distinguish the crop residue from the soil and effectively estimate the residue cover across a variety of landscapes. The objective of this study is to assess a select Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and hyperspectral-based indices in estimating crop residue cover and amount for both standing and laid flat, and between two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest managements (i.e., stripper-header and conventional header) and fallow following proso-millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) plots. The primary plots were located in Colorado with additional plots in eastern Montana, Oregon, and Washington states. Data collected include hyperspectral scans, crop residue amount (by weight) and residue cover (by photogrid). Mean analyses, correlation tests, and spectral signature comparison show that the relative position of the crop residues affected the values of some remote sensing indices more than harvest management. Geographical location did not seem to influence the results. There was not enough evidence to support the use of these indices to accurately estimate the amount of residue. Hyperspectral data may deliver better estimates, but in its absence, the use of two or more of these datasets might improve the estimation of residue cover. This information will be useful in guiding analysis of remotely sensed data and in planning data acquisition programs for crop residue, which are essentially nonexistent at present. C1 [Aguilar, Jonathan] USDA ARS, No Plains Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Evans, Robert] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Vigil, Merle] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Daughtry, Craig S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aguilar, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM jonathan.aguilar@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0175 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400007 ER PT J AU Newman, CL Abaye, AO Clapham, WM Tracy, BF Swecker, WS Maguire, RO AF Newman, Christina L. Abaye, A. Ozzie Clapham, William M. Tracy, Benjamin F. Swecker, William S. Maguire, Rory O. TI Risk Management in Forage Production of Cow-Calf Systems of Appalachia SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS FEEDS; DETERGENTS AB Variation in production of cool-season forages over a typical grazing period increases the risk of failing to meet livestock nutrient needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk-buffering capacity of warm-season forages to fill the summer slump in production of cool-season grasses in the Appalachian region. Small-plot experiments were initiated in the summer of 2008 at three sites in Virginia. Treatments included three tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Hulub] types (endophyte-infected [KY31 E+], endophyte free [KY31 E-], and novel endophyte [Max Q]), Teff [Eragrotis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] (BG), and Caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa Idadhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] (CB). Plots were harvested May through October of 2009 and 2010 at the late boot stage at a cutting height of 10 cm. Subsamples were analyzed for dry matter and nutritive value. To assess risk, bootstrap distributions of biomass and quality data were generated by Monte Carlo simulation and compared against an objective function defined as 59 kg ha(-1) d(-1) forage yield; 100 g kg(-1) crude protein (CP); 600 g kg(-1) total digestible nutrients (TDN). The warm-season grasses produced biomass yields and nutritional values adequate to fill the summer slump from cool-season forages and demonstrated a higher probability of meeting the minimum requirements in July, August, and September. Teff was most consistent in meeting the minimum requirements in mid-summer. However, both BG and CB can help to fill the gap in summer months when compared to cool-season tall fescue. Bootstrap distributions provide producers with a tool that links their production goals with a measurable value of production risk. C1 [Newman, Christina L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, MS Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Abaye, A. Ozzie; Tracy, Benjamin F.; Maguire, Rory O.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Clapham, William M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Newman, CL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, MS Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lou.newman47@gmail.com RI Swecker, William/K-8186-2016 OI Swecker, William/0000-0003-4044-7563 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0236 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400014 ER PT J AU Riday, H Albrecht, KA AF Riday, Heathcliffe Albrecht, Kenneth A. TI Combining Kura Clover with Forage Legumes and Grasses to Optimize Pasture Forage Legume Content SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-AMBIGUUM BIEB; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; MONTANE ENVIRONMENT; SPECIES COMPOSITION; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; CAUCASIAN CLOVER; LIVING MULCH; REGISTRATION; ESTABLISHMENT; GROWTH AB Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb) is an underutilized forage legume with great potential as a durable forage legume in permanent pastures and in living mulch management systems. A major impediment to the widespread use of kura clover is establishment difficulty. Several studies have examined practices for establishing kura clover in pure stands, with companion crops, with pasture grasses, or seeded into existing pastures. The objective of this research was to determine optimal seeding rates for mixtures of kura clover grown with a grass species and a fast-establishing forage legume. The goal was to produce pastures with the greatest and most consistent forage legume content during the lifespan of the pasture. Varying seed ratios of kura clover/red clover (T. pratense L.) or kura clover/birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were used in combination with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). In kura clover/birdsfoot trefoil mixtures with a grass companion, optimal seeding ratios by weight between forage legumes were 75:25 and 50:50 kura clover/birdsfoot trefoil. In kura clover/red clover mixtures with a grass companion, the optimal seeding ratios between forage legumes were 75:25 kura clover/red clover. Mixtures containing kura clover and red clover had the greatest percentage forage legume dry matter (above 50%). This study demonstrates that pasture forage legume content can be increased by seeding with binary mixture of kura clover and a fast-establishing forage legume. C1 [Riday, Heathcliffe] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Albrecht, Kenneth A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Heathcliffe.Riday@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0088 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400016 ER PT J AU Sindelar, AJ Lamb, JA Sheaffer, CC Jung, HG Rosen, CJ AF Sindelar, A. J. Lamb, J. A. Sheaffer, C. C. Jung, H. G. Rosen, C. J. TI Response of Corn Grain, Cellulosic Biomass, and Ethanol Yields to Nitrogen Fertilization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE REMOVAL; SOIL PRODUCTIVITY; PLANT-DENSITY; ENERGY CROPS; STOVER; QUALITY; SILAGE; PERFORMANCE; NEBRASKA; BIOFUEL AB Corn (Zea mays L.) stover will likely play an integral role in near-term attempts to produce renewable cellulosic transportation fuels. However, little is known regarding the effect of N fertilization on biomass and ethanol yields of stover and cobs. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of N fertilization on stover and cob biomass and ethanol yields across a range of environments, and to determine if these biomass and ethanol yields can be maximized within N fertilization rates for grain yield optimization. Field experiments were conducted over eight diverse environments across Minnesota. Overall, stover and cob biomass and ethanol yields increased with increasing N fertilization, and agronomically optimum nitrogen rates (AONR) were identified in nearly all environments that were responsive to N fertilization. Ethanol yields for stover ranged from 2414 to 3842 L ha(-1), whereas ethanol yields for cobs ranged from 513 to 906 L ha(-1). When AONRs for stover and cob ethanol yields were compared to the respective AONR for grain yield, stover ethanol yield was maximized at N fertilization rates below the AONR for grain yield in four of the seven responsive environments, while cob ethanol yield was maximized at N fertilization rates below the AONR for grain yield in five of the six responsive environments. These results suggest that stover and cob ethanol yields will often be maximized when grain yield optimization is the primary goal. C1 [Sindelar, A. J.; Lamb, J. A.; Rosen, C. J.] Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sheaffer, C. C.; Jung, H. G.] Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, H. G.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sindelar, AJ (reprint author), Dep Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sind0031@umn.edu RI Rosen, Carl/L-2622-2013 OI Rosen, Carl/0000-0002-0098-2230 FU Minnesota Corn Growers Research and Promotion Council FX The authors thank the Minnesota Corn Growers Research and Promotion Council for financial support of the study. The authors also thank Russell Severson, Steve Quiring, and Phyllis Bongard for contributions related to the study. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0279 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400017 ER PT J AU Gitz, DC Xin, Z Baker, JT Lascano, RJ Burke, JJ AF Gitz, D. C. Xin, Z. Baker, J. T. Lascano, R. J. Burke, J. J. TI The Effect of Solar Loading on Soil Temperatures and Developmental Variation in Greenhouse Studies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT TOLERANCE; SORGHUM AB Water is the single most limiting factor of crop yield. A high throughput method of screening sorghum for transpiration efficiency (TE) might allow selection for plants able to maintain production in semiarid regions having few irrigation resources. A high throughput TE assay was characterized. We hypothesized that variation in solar radiation absorbed by containers could introduce soil temperature variation and influence measured TE. To test our hypothesis, two sorghum lines, Liang Tang Ai (High TE) and TX-7078 (Low TE), were grown in either conventional black plastic or in insulated containers and TE determined as biomass/water transpired. Soil temperatures in the sealed conventional thermoplastic containers exceeded 50 degrees C and plants developed more slowly than those grown in insulated containers. Liang Tang Ai showed 30% greater TE as compared to TX-7078 when grown in insulated containers, but any potential TE differences were masked by supra-optimal temperatures in the conventional black plastic containers. Our results showed that the effects of solar radiation loading can lead to high soil temperatures and must be considered when designing TE screening experiments or other physiological studies. C1 [Gitz, D. C.; Xin, Z.; Lascano, R. J.; Burke, J. J.] USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Baker, J. T.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Gitz, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM dennis.gitz@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 FU ARS FX We thank Dr. L. Liu-Gitz for helpful discussions and suggestions through the course of this experiment and Cody Byars for his technical assistance. We also gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments and suggestions made by anonymous reviewers. This work was funded in part by the ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0302N PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400020 ER PT J AU Tao, HY Morris, TF Bravo-Ureta, B Meinert, R Neafsey, J AF Tao, Haiying Morris, Thomas F. Bravo-Ureta, Boris Meinert, Richard Neafsey, Joseph TI Nutrient Applications Reported by Farmers Compared with Performance-Based Nutrient Management Plans SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; STALK NITRATE; SOIL NITRATE; PAIRWISE COMPARISONS; MANAGING PHOSPHORUS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; EXCESS NITROGEN; AERIAL IMAGERY; DAIRY MANURE; CORN YIELDS AB This study had two main objectives: (i) to evaluate how well farmers implemented nutrient management plans (NMPs) by comparing the farmers' reported practices with the recommended management for manure and fertilizer; and (ii) to evaluate whether the management of manure and fertilizer had significant effects on the nutrient status of soil and corn tissue tests. The analysis relied on data from four dairy farms that had 5 to 7 yr of records at the field level. The farmers chose to apply the recommended amount of fertilizer P from 50 to 100% of the fields. The amount applied was often only 10 to 20 kg P2O5 ha(-1) different from the recommended amount. The farmers applied the recommended amount of fertilizer N from 40 to 71% of the fields when the pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) was used for the recommendation, but only 1 to 21% of the fields received the recommended amount when the yield goal method was used. These data suggest that the farmers trusted a fertilizer recommendation developed from a soil test more than they trusted a nonsoil test recommendation. Only a small percentage of fields (3-37%) received the recommended amount of manure N and P. Variability in the amount of residual N available from previous manure applications caused great variation in the PSNT and corn stalk nitrate values (CSNT). This variation in N availability in fields indicates that a number of years of data are needed before the PSNT and the CSNT can be used to objectively evaluate the performance of an NMP. C1 [Tao, Haiying; Morris, Thomas F.] Univ Connecticut, Dep Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bravo-Ureta, Boris] Univ Connecticut, Dep Agr & Resource Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bravo-Ureta, Boris] Univ Talca, Dep Agr Econ, Talca, Chile. [Meinert, Richard] Univ Connecticut, Dep Extens, Torrington, CT 06790 USA. [Neafsey, Joseph] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Tolland, CT 06084 USA. RP Morris, TF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dep Plant Sci, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM thomas.morris@uconn.edu FU Agricultural Food Research Initiative of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA [2010-85211-20470] FX This project was supported in part by the Agricultural Food Research Initiative of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA, Grant no. 2010-85211-20470. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0316 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400025 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RB Vogel, KP AF Mitchell, R. B. Vogel, K. P. TI Germination and Emergence Tests for Predicting Switchgrass Field Establishment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; BIOENERGY FEEDSTOCK; GREAT-PLAINS; HERBICIDES; SELECTION; ATRAZINE; CROP AB The effect of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seed quality tests on field establishment has been addressed inadequately. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of seed quality tests to predict field establishment. Standard Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) tests are based on the percentage of seeds in a seedlot that germinate under standard laboratory conditions, whereas the seedlot establishment tests (SETs) are based on the number of seeds that emerge per gram of seed using different germination or stress test conditions. The SET was determined using six laboratory tests and the results validated in three replicated field trials. Treatments were: (i) AOSA pure live seed (PLS) test assuming 858 seeds g(-1); (ii) AOSA test with no prechill; (iii) AOSA test with prechill; (iv) heat stressed at 50 degrees C for 12 h; (v) emergence from 4 cm of sand; and (vi) heat stressed plus emergence from 2 cm of sand. Data from noncontrol tests were on a SET per-gram basis. Field establishment differed by the seed quality test on which the seeding rate was based. The best predictor of field establishment was emergence from 4 cm of sand, which had an establishment index (ratio of field-emerged seeds to seeds planted) that was 3.5 times greater than the PLS method and 36% greater than no prechill. Stands on which planting rates were based on SET that included stress tests were better predictors of field establishment than the standard PLS method. Switchgrass seeding rates based on SET are recommended to reduce the risk of failure during stand establishment. C1 [Mitchell, R. B.; Vogel, K. P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS,Dep Agron & Hort, Cent E Reg Biomass Ctr,Forage & Bioenergy Res Uni, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Mitchell, RB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS,Dep Agron & Hort, Cent E Reg Biomass Ctr,Forage & Bioenergy Res Uni, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rob.mitchell@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0168 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400027 ER PT J AU Zobel, RW AF Zobel, Richard W. TI Inherent Agricultural Constraints in Allegheny Plateau Soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; ROOT-GROWTH; ACID SOIL; SURFACE APPLICATION; BY-PRODUCTS; SUBSOIL ACIDITY; AMELIORATION; GYPSUM; WHEAT; YIELD AB World population increases demand increased agricultural production. This can be accomplished through improved cultivars and production techniques or increased use of previously marginal agricultural regions. In the Allegheny Plateau (AP) region of the Appalachian Mountains, acid soils with toxic levels of Al and Mn predominate. Technologies to successfully ameliorate these conditions, such as liming which has been used successfully in other regions and the world, have been restricted to the top 5 cm of the AP acid soils when applied as a surface treatment or within 5cm of the bottom of the stirred soil layer when incorporated. The subsoils remain unaffected by these treatments, subjecting crops to Al, Mn, and hydronium ion toxicity, and to frequent drought because of the inability of roots to penetrate the additional reserves of moisture in the subsoils. Unless ameliorating factors that move into the subsoils are identified, or plants tolerant to these soils are developed, the small farmers, family gardeners, and urban agriculturists will continue to be net agricultural importers at best. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM rich.zobel@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0276 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400031 ER PT J AU Knoll, JE Anderson, WF AF Knoll, Joseph E. Anderson, William F. TI Vegetative Propagation of Napiergrass and Energycane for Biomass Production in the Southeastern United States SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELEPHANTGRASS; ESTABLISHMENT; REGISTRATION AB With renewed interest in planting large areas to bioenergy crops, improvements in establishment methods are needed. Our objectives were to evaluate propagation methods with stem cuttings of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), and to determine the optimum planting date for napiergrass and energycane (Saccharum hybrid) in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. A greenhouse study with 'Merkeron' napiergrass showed only minor differences between horizontal buried planting and vertical planting with one node exposed. However, cuttings taken from the lower portion of the parent stem were superior to younger material from the upper portion. The rooting hormone indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) did not affect propagation success. Nine napiergrass genotypes were compared for response to cutting length in the field (1, 2, 5, or 10 nodes cutting(-1), with 10 nodes plot(-1)). Single-node cuttings tended to produce more shoots plot(-1) initially in the fall, but many of these did not survive the winter. Generally, higher emergence percentages were achieved with 5- and 10-node cuttings. Seven genotypes of napiergrass and two of energycane were compared for response to planting date. Five biweekly plantings were made beginning 17 Sept. 2009, and six plantings beginning 2 Sept. 2010. In 2009 initial fall emergence was greater in earlier plantings, but the following spring, both early and late plantings had similar numbers of shoots cutting(-1), while intermediate plantings had the least. In 2010 there was less variation in fall emergence among planting dates, but the following spring the earliest plantings had more shoots cutting(-1) than later plantings. C1 [Knoll, Joseph E.; Anderson, William F.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Knoll, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM joe_knoll@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 518 EP 522 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0301 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 914OS UT WOS:000301961400034 ER PT J AU Lee, KW Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Jang, SI Park, MS Bautista, DA Ritter, GD Hong, YH Siragusa, GR Lillehojs, EP AF Lee, K. W. Lillehoj, H. S. Lee, S. H. Jang, S. I. Park, M. S. Bautista, D. A. Ritter, G. D. Hong, Y. H. Siragusa, G. R. Lillehojs, E. P. TI Effect of Dietary Antimicrobials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens SO ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Decoquinate; Monensin; Bacitracin; Roxarsone; Immunity; Broiler ID CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; EIMERIA-MAXIMA; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIBIOTICS; COCCIDIOSIS; INFECTION; RESPONSES; SUPPLEMENTATION AB This study evaluated the effects of dietary anticoccidial drugs plus antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on parameters of immunity in commercial broiler chickens. Day-old chicks were raised on used litter from a farm with endemic gangrenous dermatitis to simulate natural pathogen exposure and provided with diets containing decoquinate (DECX) or monensin (COBN) as anticoccidials plus bacitracin methylene disalicylate and roxarsone as AGPs. As a negative control, the chickens were fed with a non-supplemented diet. Immune parameters examined were concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated spleen cell proliferation, intestine intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and spleen cell subpopulations, and cytokine/chemokine mRNA levels in IELs and spleen cells. ConA-induced proliferation was decreased at 14 d post-hatch in DECX-treated chickens, and increased at 25 and 43 d in COBN-treated animals, compared with untreated controls. In DECX-treated birds, increased percentages of MHC2(+) and CD4(+) IELS were detected at 14 d, but decreased percentages of these cells were seen at 43 d, compared with untreated controls, while increased TCR2(+) IELs were evident at the latter time. Dietary COBN was associated with decreased fractions of MHC2(+) and CD4(+) IELs and reduced percentages of MHC2(+), BU1(+), and TCR1(+) spleen cells compared. with controls. The levels of transcripts for interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17F, IL-13, CXCLi2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and transforming growth factor beta 4 were elevated in IELs, and those for 1L-13, IL-17D, CXCLi2, and IFN-gamma were increased in spleen cells, of DECX- and/or COBN-treated chickens compared with untreated controls. By contrast, IL-2 and IL-12 mRNAs in IELs, and IL-4, IL-12, and IL-17F transcripts in spleen cells, were decreased in DECX- and/or COBN-treated chickens compared with controls. These results suggest that DECX or COBN, in combination with bacitracin and roxarsone, modulate the development of the chicken post-hatch immune system. C1 [Lee, K. W.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Lee, S. H.; Jang, S. I.; Park, M. S.; Bautista, D. A.; Ritter, G. D.; Hong, Y. H.; Siragusa, G. R.; Lillehojs, E. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hong, YH (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Ansong 456756, South Korea. EM yhong@cau.ac.kr OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Danisco; ARS [1265-32000-086-00D]; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ008084] FX This project was supported by a Trust agreement established between ARS-USDA and Danisco, and partially by the ARS in-house project 1265-32000-086-00D and the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ008084), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. We thank Marjorie Nichols and Stacy Torreyson for technical assistance. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOC PI SEOUL PA ROOM 708 SAMMO SPOREX, 1638-32, SEOWON-DONG, GWANAK-GU, SEOUL 151-730, SOUTH KOREA SN 1011-2367 J9 ASIAN AUSTRAL J ANIM JI Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 BP 382 EP 392 DI 10.5713/ajas.2011.11259 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 902FP UT WOS:000301024300012 PM 25049577 ER PT J AU Jones, JM Klurfeld, DM Slavin, J Waybright, S AF Jones, Julie Miller Klurfeld, David M. Slavin, Joanne Waybright, Sarah TI Preparing for the 2015 Dietary Guidelines: Attributes of Refined Grains, Added Fibers, and Bran SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jones, Julie Miller] St Catherine Univ, Arden Hills, MN USA. [Klurfeld, David M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Slavin, Joanne] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Waybright, Sarah] ILSI N Amer, Washington, DC USA. RP Jones, JM (reprint author), St Catherine Univ, Arden Hills, MN USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 BP 86 EP 87 DI 10.1094/CFW-57-2-0086 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 918UA UT WOS:000302275400005 ER PT J AU Spooner, D Jansky, S Clausen, A Herrera, MD Ghislain, M AF Spooner, David Jansky, Shelley Clausen, Andrea del Rosario Herrera, Maria Ghislain, Marc TI The Enigma of Solanum maglia in the Origin of the Chilean Cultivated Potato, Solanum tuberosum Chilotanum Group(1) SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; potato; Solanum maglia; Solanum tuberosum Andigenum Group; Solanum tuberosum Chilotanum Group ID GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION; BREVICAULE COMPLEX SOLANACEAE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SECT. PETOTA; SPECIES BOUNDARIES; TARIJENSE HAWKES; JUZEPCZUKII BUK; CURTILOBUM JUZ; STARCH; GLYCOALKALOIDS AB The Enigma of Solanum maglia in the Origin of the Chilean Cultivated Potato, Solanum tuberosum Chilotanum Group. Landrace potato cultivars occur in two broad geographic regions: the high Andes from western Venezuela south to northern Argentina (Solanum tuberosum Andigenum Group, "Andigenum"), and lowland south-central Chile (S. tuberosum Chilotanum Group, "Chilotanum"), with a coastal desert and 560 km between southernmost populations of Andigenum and Chilotanum. Unlike Andigenum landraces, Chilotanum landraces are adapted to long days and carry a 241 base pair plastid DNA deletion. However, Andigenum and Chilotanum landraces are morphologically similar. We investigated a hypothesis that Chilotanum landraces arose from Solanum maglia, a rare tuber-bearing species found in Chile and Argentina. This hypothesis was formulated first based on morphological analyses of starch grains of extant and preserved (12,500 years before present) S. maglia, and on putative sympatry of extant S. maglia and Chilotanum landraces. Our new starch grain analyses fail to support this hypothesis; we could find no evidence of current sympatric distributions, and S. maglia lacks the 241-bp plastid deletion. However, microsatellite data group all accessions of S. maglia exclusively with Chilotanum, which is supported by our previous observation at the single locus of the waxy gene. These results could be interpreted in various ways, but all explanations have problems. One explanation is that S. maglia is a progenitor of Chilotanum. However, the plastid deletion in Chilotanum but not S. maglia cannot be easily explained. Another explanation is that Chilotanum was formed by hybridization between S. maglia and pre-Chilotanum, but this conflicts with prior cladistic analyses. These new data shed light on aspects of this question and highlight various evolutionary scenarios, but the origin of Chilotanum and the involvement of S. maglia in its origin remain an enigma. C1 [Spooner, David; Jansky, Shelley] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Spooner, David; Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clausen, Andrea] INTA, Estn Expt Agr Balcarce, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. [del Rosario Herrera, Maria; Ghislain, Marc] Int Potato Ctr CIP, Lima 12, Peru. RP Spooner, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s12231-012-9190-7 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 912ZQ UT WOS:000301841500002 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Ryan, UM Fayer, R Bowman, DD Zhang, LX AF Xiao, Lihua Ryan, Una M. Fayer, Ronald Bowman, Dwight D. Zhang, Longxian TI Cryptosporidium tyzzeri and Cryptosporidium pestis: Which name is valid? SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The dispute on the validity of Cryptosporidium pestis and Cryptosporidium tyzzeri origins from the uncertainty on the identity of Cryptosporidium parvum described by Tyzzer in 1912 and the interpretation of the Principal of Priority of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Using a rigid interpretation of the Principal of Priority, one researcher proposed to rename C. parvum as C. pestis and retain C parvum for Cryptosporidium mouse genotype I on the basis that Tyzzer was probably describing mouse genotype I. However, the ICZN clearly states that the Principle of Priority is to be used to promote stability and is not intended to upset a long-accepted name. Because mice are known to be naturally infected with C. parvum, and the 1985 taxonomic re-description of C parvum for bovine and human isolates is accepted by almost all Cryptosporidium researchers, the prevailing name C. parvum for the species infective to calves and humans must be retained to avoid confusion. The designation of C tyzzeri for the mouse genotype I brings further clarity to the taxonomy of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans, cattle, and domestic mice. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ryan, Una M.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Fayer, Ronald] ARS, Environm Microbial Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bowman, Dwight D.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhang, Longxian] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 130 IS 3 BP 308 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.12.009 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 912SK UT WOS:000301819900023 PM 22230707 ER PT J AU Davis, SC Parton, WJ Del Grosso, SJ Keough, C Marx, E Adler, PR DeLucia, EH AF Davis, Sarah C. Parton, William J. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Keough, Cindy Marx, Ernest Adler, Paul R. DeLucia, Evan H. TI Impact of second-generation biofuel agriculture on greenhouse-gas emissions in the corn-growing regions of the US SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; C-13 ABUNDANCE; MISCANTHUS; CROPS; FLUX; N2O AB In the US, 95% of biofuel is produced from corn (Lea mays L), an intensively managed annual crop that is also grown for food and animal feed. Using the DAYCENT model, we estimated the effects on ecosystem services of replacing corn ethanol feedstocks with the perennial cellulosic feedstocks switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deuter). If cellulosic feedstocks were planted on cropland that is currently used for ethanol production in the US, more ethanol (+82%) and grain for food (+4%) could be produced while at the same time reducing nitrogen leaching (-15 to -22%) and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions (-29 to -473%). The GHG reduction was large even after accounting for emissions associated with indirect land-use change. Conversion from a high-input annual crop to a low-input perennial crop for biofuel production can thus transition the central US from a net source to a net sink for GHGs. C1 [Davis, Sarah C.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Davis, Sarah C.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL USA. [Parton, William J.; Keough, Cindy; Marx, Ernest] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources & Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Adler, Paul R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Davis, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM delucia@illinois.edu OI Davis, Sarah/0000-0002-8156-2042 FU Energy Biosciences Institute; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign FX The Energy Biosciences Institute and the Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, supported this research. NR 20 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 90 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1890/110003 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914LH UT WOS:000301951000014 ER PT J AU Agelet, LE Ellis, DD Duvick, S Goggi, AS Hurburgh, CR Gardner, CA AF Agelet, Lidia Esteve Ellis, David D. Duvick, Susan Goggi, A. Susana Hurburgh, Charles R. Gardner, Candice A. TI Feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy for analyzing corn kernel damage and viability of soybean and corn kernels SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Single seed; Near infrared spectroscopy; Discrimination ID ZEA-MAYS L.; TRANSMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; OIL CONTENT; MAIZE; CLASSIFICATION; SEEDS AB The current US corn grading system accounts for the portion of damaged kernels, measured by time-consuming and inaccurate visual inspection. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a non-destructive and fast analytical method, was tested as a tool for discriminating corn kernels with heat and frost damage. Four classification algorithms were utilized: Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), k-nearest neighbors (K-NN), and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). The feasibility of NIRS for discriminating normal or viable-germinating corn kernels and soybean seeds from abnormal or dead seeds was also tested. This application could be highly valuable for seed breeders and germplasm-preservation managers because current viability tests are based on a destructive method where the seed is germinated. Heat-damaged corn kernels were best discriminated by PLS-DA, with 99% accuracy. The discrimination of frost-damaged corn kernels was not possible. Discrimination of non-viable seeds from viable also was not possible. Since previous results in the literature contradict the current damage-discrimination results, the threshold of seed damage necessary for NIRS detection should be analyzed in the future. NIRS may accurately classify seeds based on changes due to damage, without any correlation with germination. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Agelet, Lidia Esteve; Hurburgh, Charles R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ellis, David D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Duvick, Susan; Gardner, Candice A.] USDA ARS, Plant Introduct Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Duvick, Susan; Goggi, A. Susana; Gardner, Candice A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Goggi, A. Susana] Iowa State Univ, Seed Sci Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Agelet, LE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 1545 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM lesteve@iastate.edu NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.11.002 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 915PQ UT WOS:000302040300010 ER PT J AU Gebert, KM Black, AE AF Gebert, Krista M. Black, Anne E. TI Effect of Suppression Strategies on Federal Wildland Fire Expenditures SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland fire; regression analysis; costs; protection; resource benefit ID UNITED-STATES; FOREST SERVICE; COST FORECASTS; WILDFIRE; CLIMATE; AREA AB Policymakers and decisionmakers alike have suggested that the use of less aggressive suppression strategies for wildland fires might help stem the tide of rising emergency wildland fire expenditures. However, the interplay of wildland fire management decisions and expenditures is not well understood. In this study, we assess the effect of different fire management objectives and strategies on expenditures. Analyses of 1,330 US Forest Service and US Department of Interior fires from fiscal years (FYs) 2006-2008 indicate that management objectives and strategies do affect costs, but the results vary both by agency and by the cost metric used. For instance, although less aggressive protection strategies may result in a lower cost per are or daily cost, increased acreages or longer duration associated with less aggressive strategies may lead to total fire management costs that are either higher than or equal to more aggressive strategies. C1 [Gebert, Krista M.] US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. [Black, Anne E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Gebert, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 200 E Broadway,POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM kgebert@fs.fed.us; aeblack@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program; US Forest Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program, and the US Forest Service. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.5849/jof.10-068 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 913RI UT WOS:000301894700001 ER PT J AU Zheng, DL Heath, LS Ducey, MJ AF Zheng, Daolan Heath, Linda S. Ducey, Mark J. TI Potential Overestimation of Carbon Sequestration in the Forested Wild land-Urban Interface in Northern New England SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE urban sprawl; rural and urban forests; forest carbon; housing development; housing density; error estimation ID UNITED-STATES; COVER DATABASE; TREE CANOPY; LANDSCAPE; STORAGE; URBANIZATION; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; TRENDS; GROWTH AB Forest area determined from remote sensing derived land cover maps alone at moderate resolution may not appropriately reflect dynamics of housing development in the forested wildland-urban interface (WUI). We conducted a study to quantify how housing development could affect estimates of forest carbon sequestration (F(S) in northern New England, where the percentage of WUI in relation to total land area is nearly double the national average. We found that housing development in the forested WUI could potentially reduce FCS by at least 4% for the region, ranging from 1.7 to 9.3% at the county level, compared with estimates without considering housing effects. This impact is expected to increase by 40% by 2030, based on predicted future increase in housing density within the study area. The majority of housing effect occurred in the intermix WUI where houses and forests intermingle. County-level differences between the approaches with and without considering housing effects decreased from coastal to inland areas because of a decrease in housing density. More than 99% of the difference on FCS estimation came from the low- and medium-density WUI. Although retaining the forest but allowing housing within it may be a good compromise for many reasons for local or regional planning, our results serve as a reminder that decisions related to such housing developments are not carbon neutral. C1 [Zheng, Daolan; Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zheng, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM daolan.zheng@unh.edu; lheath@fs.fed.us; mjducey@unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU US Forest Service [05-DG-11242343-074]; University of New Hampshire and US Forest Service Northern Research Station Work Unit [NRS-5 (09JV11242305052)] FX Funding support for this study was primarily provided by the US Forest Service, through grant 05-DG-11242343-074, and was partly supported by a Research Joint Venture Agreement between the University of New Hampshire and US Forest Service Northern Research Station Work Unit NRS-5 (09JV11242305052). We thank Susan I. Stewart for providing many constructive comments for improving the original manuscript. This work does not represent the views or policies of the Global Environment Facility, its agency partners, or its member's countries. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.5849/jof.10-094 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 913RI UT WOS:000301894700006 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW AF Woodall, Christopher William TI Where Did the US Forest Biomass/Carbon Go? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Woodall, Christopher William] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 913RI UT WOS:000301894700007 ER PT J AU Yakabe, LE Maccree, MM Sudarshana, P McClean, AE Parker, SR Wechter, WP Presting, G Marutani-Hert, M Kluepfel, DA AF Yakabe, Lani E. Maccree, M. Malendia Sudarshana, Padma McClean, Ali E. Parker, Shane R. Wechter, William P. Presting, Gernot Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Kluepfel, Daniel A. TI Novel PCR primers for detection of genetically diverse virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 1 strains SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Crown gall; Species-specific; Virulence-specific; PCR detection; Ti-plasmid ID CROWN-GALL; IDENTIFICATION; VITIS; SOIL; NOMENCLATURE; TREES; ROOT AB Novel PCR primers were developed to amplify a 243-bp fragment of an intergenic region between gene 5 and tms2 on the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 1. These primers exhibit 100% positive correlation with strain virulence, 100% negative correlation with avirulence, and did not generate extraneous bands, thus facilitating robust real-time PCR detection. C1 [Yakabe, Lani E.; McClean, Ali E.; Parker, Shane R.; Marutani-Hert, Mizuri; Kluepfel, Daniel A.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Maccree, M. Malendia] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sudarshana, Padma] Monsanto Co, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Wechter, William P.] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Presting, Gernot] Univ HI, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dakluepfel@ucdavis.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5306-22000-14-00D]; California Walnut Board; CDFA, Fruit Tree, Nut Tree and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board FX We thank Dr. R.M. Davis for critical reading of this manuscript and Lynne Pearson for administrative support. This work was supported in part by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 5306-22000-14-00D, the California Walnut Board and the CDFA, Fruit Tree, Nut Tree and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1345-2630 J9 J GEN PLANT PATHOL JI J. Gen. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10327-012-0364-z PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 915PN UT WOS:000302040000005 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB AF Srygley, Robert B. TI Ontogenetic changes in immunity and susceptibility to fungal infection in Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orthoptera; Nymph; Life-history; Trade-off; Microbial control; Defense ID TRADE-OFFS; BLOOD-VOLUME; GRYLLUS-BIMACULATUS; INSECT IMMUNITY; LOCUST; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; PHENOLOXIDASE; METARHIZIUM; ORTHOPTERA; SELECTION AB Insects have innate immunity that may be weakened by resource allocation to growth. I measured enzymatic immunity, encapsulation response, and susceptibility to fungal infection in Mormon crickets of known age. Although the concentrations of circulating spontaneous and total phenoloxidase (PO) increased with age from the most recent molt in late instar nymphs (5th, 6th, and 7th) and 0-5 day old adults, mean values did not differ between stadia, indicating that circulating PO titers are knocked back with each molt. In contrast, encapsulation rate increased throughout nymphal development and adult maturation. No longer required to molt, adult PO titers increased steadily with age. Survivorship also increased with the age at which Metarhizium acridum fungus was applied to adults. I conclude that immunity relevant to defense against fungi continues to develop well into the adult stage. With each molt setting the insects back in circulating PO titers, very young adults are much like nymphs in enzymatic immunity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 58 IS 3 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.12.005 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 915PP UT WOS:000302040200007 PM 22206886 ER PT J AU Allen, ML Walker, WB AF Allen, Margaret L. Walker, William B., III TI Saliva of Lygus lineolaris digests double stranded ribonucleic acids SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Double stranded ribonucleic acid; Lygus lineolaris; Tarnished plant bug; RNA interference; Ribonuclease ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; RNA INTERFERENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; BEETLE REGURGITANT; HESPERUS KNIGHT; HEMIPTERA; SILKWORM; MIRIDAE; MIDGUT; HETEROPTERA AB The prospects for development of highly specific pesticides based on double stranded ribonucleic acid have been a recent focus of scientific research. Creative applications have been proposed and demonstrated. However, not all insects are sensitive to double stranded RNA (dsRNA) gene knockdown effects; applications in the order Lepidoptera, for example, have met with varied success. Gene knockdown has been demonstrated in several species in the order Hemiptera. In our laboratory, knockdown experiments relied on microinjection of dsRNA into the hemocoel of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris. Subsequent experiments delivering dsRNA to insects by feeding were repeatedly unsuccessful in demonstrating knockdown, and a hypothesis was formulated that the dsRNA was digested and degraded by the insect prior to contact with the insect cells. Exposure of dsRNA to insect saliva, insect salivary glands, and insect hemolymph was compared with commercial RNAase III. The saliva of L. lineolaris was found to rapidly digest double stranded RNA. RNAase inhibitor did not affect the activity but heat treatment slowed enzymatic activity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Allen, Margaret L.; Walker, William B., III] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Allen, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM meg.allen@ars.usda.gov OI Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 58 IS 3 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.12.014 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 915PP UT WOS:000302040200013 PM 22226823 ER PT J AU Neff, SA Lee, SU Asami, Y Ahn, JS Oh, H Baltrusaitis, J Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Neff, Scott A. Lee, Sang Un Asami, Yukihiro Ahn, Jong Seog Oh, Hyuncheol Baltrusaitis, Jonas Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Aflaquinolones A-G: Secondary Metabolites from Marine and Fungicolous Isolates of Aspergillus spp. SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; DENSITY; ALKALOIDS; EXCHANGE; ATOMS AB Seven new compounds (aflaquinolones A-G; 1-7) containing dihydroquinolin-2-one and terpenoid units have been isolated from two different fungal sources. Two of these metabolites (1 and 2) were obtained from a Hawaiian fungicolous isolate of Aspergillus sp. (section Flavipedes; MYC-2048 = NRRL 58570), while the others were obtained from a marine Aspergillus isolate (SF-5044) collected in Korea. The structures of these compounds were determined mainly by analysis of NMR and MS data. Relative and absolute configurations were assigned on the basis of NOESY data and H-1 NMR J-values, comparison of calculated and experimental ECD spectra, and analysis of a Mosher's ester derivative of 2. Several known compounds, including alantrypinone, aspochalasins I and J, methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxy-2((2-((3-pyridinylcarbonyl)amino)benzoyl)amino)benzoate, and trans-dehydrocurvularin were also encountered in the extract of the Hawaiian isolate. C1 [Neff, Scott A.; Baltrusaitis, Jonas; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Lee, Sang Un; Oh, Hyuncheol] Silla Univ, Coll Med & Life Sci, Pusan 617736, South Korea. [Asami, Yukihiro; Ahn, Jong Seog] KRIBB, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Wicklow, Donald T.] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu RI Baltrusaitis, Jonas/F-9367-2013; OI Baltrusaitis, Jonas/0000-0001-5634-955X FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0718315, CHE-11011847, AGS 0927944]; National Institutes of Health [S10 RR023384, S10 RR02.5500]; Global RD Center (GRDC); Korean Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST); Marine Biotechnology Program; Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs of the Korean Government FX Research in the University of Iowa lab was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0718315 and CHE-11011847 to J.B.G. and AGS 0927944 to J.B.). Assistance from the staff of the University of Iowa NMR and Mass Spectrometry Facilities is gratefully acknowledged. Valuable assistance from an anonymous reviewer in recognizing a significant error in the original manuscript is appreciated. Acquisition of the HRESITOFMS and 600 MHz NMR instruments was made possible by grants from the National Institutes of Health (S10 RR023384 and S10 RR02.5500, respectively). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Research carried out at Silla University and KRIBB was supported by the grants from the Global R&D Center (GRDC) Program funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST) and from the Marine Biotechnology Program funded by the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs of the Korean Government. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1021/np200958r PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 912OY UT WOS:000301810700020 PM 22295903 ER PT J AU Katzner, T Winton, JD McMorris, FA Brauning, D AF Katzner, Todd Winton, Julia D. McMorris, F. Arthur Brauning, Daniel TI DISPERSAL, BAND ENCOUNTERS, AND CAUSES OF DEATH IN A REINTRODUCED AND RAPIDLY GROWING POPULATION OF PEREGRINE FALCONS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; band encounter; dispersal; mortality; population trend ID BREEDING DISPERSAL; NATAL DISPERSAL; EAGLES; MANAGEMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; DISTANCES; BIRDS AB Dispersal is a key parameter for understanding demography and is consequently critical to conservation management. Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in eastern North America exemplify a population that collapsed to extirpation and, subsequent to reintroduction, experienced a rapid, dispersal-based expansion back into its former range. To understand how dispersal and its correlates may be impacting falcon demography and encounter rates, we looked for (a) patterns of sex- and site-based differences in the dispersal movements of Peregrine Falcons from Pennsylvania, U.S.A.; (b) trends in density dependence in dispersal distances; (c) linkages between natal- and breeding-site characteristics; and (d) causes of death of Peregrine Falcons. Female peregrines showed significantly greater natal dispersal distances (337.7 +/- 164.5 km; n = 24) than did males (161.4 +/- 177.7 km; n = 21), but there were no statistically significant differences in dispersal distances of all birds or in breeding-site selection among birds originally hatched at bridges and buildings. Causes of death appeared typical for a large raptor in a human-dominated environment and the population showed no effects of density dependence on natal dispersal behavior. These results suggest that the peregrine population in Pennsylvania will continue to grow on its current trajectory, at least for some time. This finding has important implications for interpreting when this formerly endangered species may reach a carrying capacity in Pennsylvania. C1 [Katzner, Todd] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Winton, Julia D.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [McMorris, F. Arthur] Penn Game Commiss, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 USA. [Brauning, Daniel] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Katzner, T (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM todd.katzner@mail.wvu.edu OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Pennsylvania Game Commission FX We acknowledge the assistance of the USGS Bird Banding Lab and all those who have helped report and conserve Peregrine Falcons in Pennsylvania and elsewhere in the eastern United States. This paper was improved by careful reviews of Tom Cade, Sean Walls, and Keith Bildstein. Funding was provided by the Pennsylvania Game Commission and logistical support by the National Aviary. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 51 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 914QE UT WOS:000301965600008 ER PT J AU Kemper, WD Bongert, CE Marohn, DM AF Kemper, W. Doral Bongert, Charles E. Marohn, Daniel M. TI Corn response to tillage and water table depth SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Kemper, W. Doral; Bongert, Charles E.; Marohn, Daniel M.] Sawyer Creek Watershed, Oshkosh, WI USA. [Kemper, W. Doral] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kemper, W. Doral] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kemper, WD (reprint author), Sawyer Creek Watershed, Oshkosh, WI USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 67 IS 2 BP 31A EP 36A DI 10.2489/jSWC.67.2.31A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 911WE UT WOS:000301751200001 ER PT J AU Dosskey, M Wells, G Bentrup, G Wallace, D AF Dosskey, Mike Wells, Gary Bentrup, Gary Wallace, Doug TI Enhancing ecosystem services: Designing for multifunctionality SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Dosskey, Mike; Bentrup, Gary] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Wells, Gary] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Design Construct & Soil Mech Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Wallace, Doug] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Dosskey, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 67 IS 2 BP 37A EP 41A DI 10.2489/jSWC.67.2.37A PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 911WE UT WOS:000301751200002 ER PT J AU Kleinman, P Blunk, KS Bryant, R Saporito, L Beegle, D Czymmek, K Ketterings, Q Sims, T Shortle, J McGrath, J Coale, F Dubin, M Dostie, D Maguire, R Meinen, R Allen, A O'Neill, K Garber, L Davis, M Clark, B Sellner, K Smith, M AF Kleinman, Peter Blunk, Kristen Saacke Bryant, Ray Saporito, Lou Beegle, Doug Czymmek, Karl Ketterings, Quirine Sims, Tom Shortle, Jim McGrath, Josh Coale, Frank Dubin, Mark Dostie, Daniel Maguire, Rory Meinen, Robb Allen, Arthur O'Neill, Kelly Garber, Lamonte Davis, Mark Clark, Bobby Sellner, Kevin Smith, Matt TI Managing manure for sustainable livestock production in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Kleinman, Peter; Bryant, Ray; Saporito, Lou] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Blunk, Kristen Saacke] Penn State Univ, Agr & Environm Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, Doug] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Czymmek, Karl; Ketterings, Quirine] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sims, Tom] Univ Delaware, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Newark, DE USA. [Shortle, Jim] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McGrath, Josh; Coale, Frank; Dubin, Mark] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dostie, Daniel] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Maguire, Rory] Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Meinen, Robb] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Allen, Arthur] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD USA. [O'Neill, Kelly; Garber, Lamonte] Chesapeake Bay Fdn, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Davis, Mark] Delaware Dept Agr, Dover, DE USA. [Clark, Bobby] Virginia Cooperat Extens, Agr & Nat Resources, Woodstock, VA USA. [Sellner, Kevin] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD USA. [Smith, Matt] USDA ARS, Agr & Ind Byprod Program, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kleinman, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. OI McGrath, Joshua/0000-0002-1212-8795 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 21 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 67 IS 2 BP 54A EP 61A DI 10.2489/jSWC.67.2.54A PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 911WE UT WOS:000301751200005 ER PT J AU Osei, E Moriasi, D Steiner, JL Starks, PJ Saleh, A AF Osei, E. Moriasi, D. Steiner, J. L. Starks, P. J. Saleh, A. TI Farm-level economic impact of no-till farming in the Fort Cobb Reservoir Watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE economic impact; no-till; conventional tillage; Farm-level Economic Model; winter wheat yield; diesel price ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; ALTERNATIVE PRACTICES; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; WINTER-WHEAT; GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL-WATER; CONSERVATION; SORGHUM; CALIBRATION; PHOSPHORUS AB No-till farming has been identified as an important conservation practice with potential to improve soil quality and protect water quality However, adoption of new tillage and production practices is determined by numerous economic and noneconomic factors in addition to land stewardship. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of fuel costs and crop yield on farm-level economics in no-till systems in comparison with other tillage systems for wheat production in southwestern Oklahoma. The Farm-level Economic Model, an annual economic simulation model, was used in conjunction with survey data from the Fort Cobb Reservoir Watershed in southwestern Oklahoma to determine impacts of alternative tillage practices on farm profits. Sensitivity analysis was performed using plausible ranges in diesel prices, winter wheat grain yields, herbicide costs, labor wages, and farm size. The results indicate that if winter wheat grain yields are not significantly impacted by tillage systems, no-till would be more profitable than conventional tillage or the current mix of tillage practices in the watershed. Only when there is a significant wheat yield penalty associated with no-till (10% or greater) might no-till be less profitable than conventional tillage or the status quo at reasonably high fuel prices. In general, for each 1% improvement in wheat yields under no-till relative to conventional tillage, no-till farm profits improve by US$7 ha(-1) (US$3 ac(-1)) on farms that produce only winter wheat and an average of US$2.50 ha(-1) (US$1 ac(-1)) if averaged across all farms in the Fort Cobb Reservoir Watershed, including those that do not produce winter wheat. The study also finds that higher diesel prices, higher labor wages, lower herbicide costs, and smaller farm sizes are all relatively advantageous to no-till. C1 [Osei, E.; Saleh, A.] Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX USA. [Moriasi, D.; Steiner, J. L.; Starks, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab El Reno, El Reno, OK USA. RP Osei, E (reprint author), Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX USA. OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas FX Special thanks are due to Larry Wright, Great Plains Resource Conservation and Development Council coordinator. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cordell, Oklahoma, for providing essential data and input for the economic evaluations. Comments by Larry Hauck, lead scientist, Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research at Tarleton State University Stephenville, Texas, on earlier versions of this paper are greatly appreciated. The views expressed in this paper remain the sole responsibility of the authors. Funding support for this project was provided in part through a cooperative agreement between USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 67 IS 2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.2489/jSWC.67.2.75 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 911WE UT WOS:000301751200007 ER PT J AU Li, L Yang, Y Xu, Q Owsiany, K Welsch, R Chitchumroonchokchai, C Lu, S Van Eck, J Deng, XX Failla, M Thannhauser, TW AF Li, Li Yang, Yong Xu, Qiang Owsiany, Katherine Welsch, Ralf Chitchumroonchokchai, Chureeporn Lu, Shan Van Eck, Joyce Deng, Xiu-Xin Failla, Mark Thannhauser, Theodore W. TI The Or Gene Enhances Carotenoid Accumulation and Stability During Post-Harvest Storage of Potato Tubers SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE Carotenoids; chromoplasts; Or gene; potato; provitamin A loss; staple crops; post-harvest storage ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; SEED-SPECIFIC OVEREXPRESSION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE GENE; BETA-CAROTENE; IN-VITRO; CHROMOPLAST FORMATION; TRANSGENIC POTATO; PLANT CAROTENOIDS; ABSCISIC-ACID; COLD-STORAGE AB Provitamin A carotenoids in staple crops are not very stable during storage and their loss compromises nutritional quality. To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation and stability, we investigated transgenic potato tubers that expressed the cauliflower Orange (Or) gene. We found that the Or transgene not only promoted retention of beta-carotene level, but also continuously stimulated its accumulation during 5 months of cold storage. In contrast, no increased levels of carotenoids were observed in the tubers of vector-only controls or a yellow-flesh variety during the same period of storage. The increased carotenoid accumulation was found to be associated with the formation of lipoprotein-carotenoid sequestering structures, as well as with the enhanced abundance of phytoene synthase, a key enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, the provitamin A carotenoids stored were shown to be stable during simulated digestion and accessible for uptake by human intestinal absorptive cells. Proteomic analysis identified three major functional groups of proteins (i.e. heat shock proteins, glutathione-S-transferases, and carbohydrate metabolic proteins) that are potentially important in the Or-regulated carotenoid accumulation. Our results show that regulation of carotenoid sequestration capacity is an important mechanism by which carotenoid stability is regulated. Our findings suggest that induction of a proper sink structure formation in staple crops may provide the crops with a unique ability to promote and/or stabilize provitamin A accumulation during plant growth and post-harvest storage. C1 [Li, Li; Yang, Yong; Owsiany, Katherine; Thannhauser, Theodore W.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Li; Xu, Qiang; Owsiany, Katherine] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Xu, Qiang; Deng, Xiu-Xin] Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol, Minist Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Welsch, Ralf] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Chitchumroonchokchai, Chureeporn; Failla, Mark] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lu, Shan] Nanjing Univ, State Kay Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Sch Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Van Eck, Joyce] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu RI Van Eck, Joyce/E-2291-2012; Lu, Shan/C-3530-2012; OI Lu, Shan/0000-0002-9358-6121; Welsch, Ralf/0000-0002-2865-2743 FU USDA-ARS FX This work was supported by the USDA-ARS base fund. USDA is an equal-opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 76 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 42 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1093/mp/ssr099 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 914XN UT WOS:000301986700007 PM 22155949 ER PT J AU Nelson, CD Reinhardt, TA Lippolis, JD Sacco, RE Nonnecke, BJ AF Nelson, Corwin D. Reinhardt, Timothy A. Lippolis, John D. Sacco, Randy E. Nonnecke, Brian J. TI Vitamin D Signaling in the Bovine Immune System: A Model for Understanding Human Vitamin D Requirements SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Review DE vitamin D; immunity; cattle; animal models ID 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D LEVEL; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; DELTA T-CELLS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; DAIRY-COWS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; D METABOLISM; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; INTERFERON-GAMMA AB The endocrine physiology of vitamin D in cattle has been rigorously investigated and has yielded information on vitamin D requirements, endocrine function in health and disease, general metabolism, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis in cattle. These results are relevant to human vitamin D endocrinology. The current debate regarding vitamin D requirements is centered on the requirements for proper intracrine and paracrine vitamin D signaling. Studies in adult and young cattle can provide valuable insight for understanding vitamin D requirements as they relate to innate and adaptive immune responses during infectious disease. In cattle, toll-like receptor recognition activates intracrine and paracrine vitamin D signaling mechanism in the immune system that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses in the presence of adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Furthermore, experiments with mastitis in dairy cattle have provided in vivo evidence for the intracrine vitamin D signaling mechanism in macrophages as well as vitamin D mediated suppression of infection. Epidemiological evidence indicates that circulating concentrations above 32 ng/mL of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are necessary for optimal vitamin D signaling in the immune system, but experimental evidence is lacking for that value. Experiments in cattle can provide that evidence as circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations can be experimentally manipulated within ranges that are normal for humans and cattle. Additionally, young and adult cattle can be experimentally infected with bacteria and viruses associated with significant diseases in both cattle and humans. Utilizing the bovine model to further delineate the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D will provide potentially valuable insights into the vitamin D requirements of both humans and cattle, especially as they relate to immune response capacity and infectious disease resistance. C1 [Reinhardt, Timothy A.; Lippolis, John D.; Sacco, Randy E.; Nonnecke, Brian J.] ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Nelson, Corwin D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM cdnelson3@wisc.edu; tim.reinhardt@ars.usda.gov; john.lippolis@ars.usda.gov; randy.sacco@ars.usda.gov; brian.nonnecke@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009; OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509; Nelson, Corwin/0000-0003-0195-5610 NR 96 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.3390/nu4030181 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 916RP UT WOS:000302121200003 PM 22666545 ER PT J AU Fitzgibbon, ML Tussing-Humphreys, LM Porter, JS Martin, IK Odoms-Young, A Sharp, LK AF Fitzgibbon, M. L. Tussing-Humphreys, L. M. Porter, J. S. Martin, I. K. Odoms-Young, A. Sharp, L. K. TI Weight loss and African-American women: a systematic review of the behavioural weight loss intervention literature SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE African American women; intervention; obesity; weight loss ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; BREAST-CANCER SURVIVORS; DIABETES-PREVENTION-PROGRAM; RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; LOSS MAINTENANCE TRIAL; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; WHITE WOMEN; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BLACK-WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB The excess burden of obesity among AfricanAmerican women is well documented. However, the behavioural weight loss intervention literature often does not report results by ethnic group or gender. The purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic review of all behavioural weight loss intervention trials published between 1990 and 2010 that included and reported results separately for AfricanAmerican women. The criteria for inclusion included (i) participants age =18 years; (ii) a behavioural weight loss intervention; (iii) weight as an outcome variable; (iv) inclusion of AfricanAmerican women; and (v) weight loss results reported separately by ethnicity and gender. The literature search identified 25 studies that met inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that more intensive randomized behavioural weight loss trials with medically at-risk populations yield better results. Well-designed and more intensive multi-site trials with medically at-risk populations currently offer the most promising results for AfricanAmerican women. Still, AfricanAmerican women lose less weight than other subgroups in behavioural weight loss interventions. It is now critical to expand on individual-level approaches and incorporate the biological, social and environmental factors that influence obesity. This will help enable the adoption of healthier behaviours for this group of women disproportionately affected by obesity. C1 [Fitzgibbon, M. L.] Univ Illinois, Sect Hlth Promot Res, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. [Odoms-Young, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Nutr, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. [Fitzgibbon, M. L.; Martin, I. K.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. [Fitzgibbon, M. L.] Jesse Brown VA Med Ctr, Ctr Management Complex Chron Care, Chicago, IL USA. [Porter, J. S.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Healthcare Studies, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Tussing-Humphreys, L. M.] ARS, USDA, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Fitzgibbon, ML (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sect Hlth Promot Res, Dept Med, M-C 275,Room 558,1747 W Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. EM mlf@uic.edu FU National Cancer Institute [CA105051, R25CA057699, K23CA124451]; Agency for Healthcare Studies [T32HS00078] FX This study was funded, in part, by the National Cancer Institute (CA105051, R25CA057699, K23CA124451) and the Agency for Healthcare Studies (T32HS00078). We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful and constructive comments on an earlier draft and Guadalupe Compean for her technical assistance. NR 96 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 193 EP 213 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00945.x PG 21 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 897UR UT WOS:000300684400001 PM 22074195 ER PT J AU Pijut, PM Beasley, RR Lawson, SS Palla, KJ Stevens, ME Wang, Y AF Pijut, Paula M. Beasley, Rochelle R. Lawson, Shaneka S. Palla, Kaitlin J. Stevens, Micah E. Wang, Ying TI IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF TROPICAL HARDWOOD TREE SPECIES-A REVIEW (2001-2011) SO PROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS LA English DT Review DE adventitious shoot regeneration; cryopreservation; micrografting; nodal culture; organogenesis; regeneration; shoot tip culture; somatic embryogenesis; transformation ID MELIA-AZEDARACH L.; PTEROCARPUS-MARSUPIUM ROXB.; SWIETENIA-MACROPHYLLA KING; DALBERGIA-SISSOO ROXB.; MANGIFERA-INDICA L.; CEDRELA ODORATA L.; IMPROVED MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOL; ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS INDUCTION; MULTIPURPOSE LEGUMINOUS-TREE AB Tropical hardwood tree species are important economically and ecologically, and play a significant role in the biodiversity of plant and animal species within an ecosystem. There are over 600 species of tropical timbers in the world, many of which are commercially valuable in the international trade of plywood, roundwood, sawnwood, and veneer. Many of these tree species are being threatened and are endangered because of logging practices, conversion to agricultural lands, non-optimal management strategies, and overall deforestation rates that cannot keep up with natural regeneration of native forests. Tropical tree species provide timber for commercial uses because of the beauty of the wood-grain, -color, or -pattern, strength, durability, and versatility of finishing applications for a vast array of markets. Because of the high value of tropical tree species, in vitro (adventitious shoot regeneration, cryopreservation, genetic transformation, micrografting, protoplast culture, shoot tip and nodal culture, and somatic embryogenesis) propagation technologies are an integral component in tree improvement and conservation programs, in order to complement seed banking and ex situ measures for long-term conservation and clonal propagation of germplasm. Tropical tree species are also important because wildlife populations may be affected, soils can be stabilized and organic matter and nutrients in the forest floor altered, degraded areas can be restored, and tropical trees also provide socio-economic development for local communities. In addition, tropical tree species are valuable as ornamentals for landscaping (shade, flower, fall foliage, and fruit production), and as resources for a multitude of known and yet unknown commercial properties, such as medicinal drugs, natural insecticides, industrial uses, and non-timber products. This paper is a literature review (2001-2011) on in vitro propagation of tropical tree species grown or harvested for timber. C1 [Pijut, Paula M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Beasley, Rochelle R.; Lawson, Shaneka S.; Palla, Kaitlin J.; Stevens, Micah E.; Wang, Ying] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, HTIRC, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@purdue.edu RI Beasley, Rochelle/M-1396-2015; Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 OI Beasley, Rochelle/0000-0001-7325-4085; NR 204 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 42 PU SEJANI PUBL PI SOFIA PA ET SEJANI-ALLA AJANOVA, SOFIA, 00000, BULGARIA SN 1311-9109 J9 PROPAG ORNAM PLANTS JI Propag. Ornam. Plants PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 25 EP 51 PG 27 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 916NX UT WOS:000302111600003 ER PT J AU Merrill, KR Meyer, SE Coleman, CE AF Merrill, Keith R. Meyer, Susan E. Coleman, Craig E. TI POPULATION GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BROMUS TECTORUM (POACEAE) INDICATES RECENT RANGE EXPANSION MAY BE FACILITATED BY SPECIALIST GENOTYPES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; downy brome; ecological genetics; inbreeding; invasive species; local adaptation; microsatellite; Poaceae ID ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; AVENA-BARBATA; SPECIES INVASIONS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; WILD BARLEY; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; HORDEUM-SPONTANEUM; PLANT INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES AB Premise of the study: The mechanisms for range expansion in invasive species depend on how genetic variation is structured in the introduced range. This study examined neutral genetic variation in the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum in the Intermountain Western United States. Patterns of microsatellite (SSR) genotype distribution in this highly inbreeding species were used to make inferences about the roles of adaptively significant genetic variation, broadly adapted generalist genotypes, and facultative outcrossing in the recent range expansion of B. tectorum in this region. Methods: We sampled 20 individuals from each of 96 B. tectorum populations from historically and recently invaded habitats throughout the region and used four polymorphic SSR markers to characterize each individual. Key results: We detected 131 four-locus SSR genotypes; however, the 14 most common genotypes collectively accounted for 79.2% of the individuals. Common SSR genotypes were not randomly distributed among habitats. Instead, characteristic genotypes sorted into specific recently invaded habitats, including xeric warm and salt desert as well as mesic high-elevation habitats. Other SSR genotypes were common across a range of historically invaded habitats. We observed very few heterozygous individuals (0.58%). Conclusions: Broadly adapted, generalist genotypes appear to dominate historically invaded environments, while recently invaded salt and warm desert habitats are dominated by distinctive SSR genotypes that contain novel alleles. These specialist genotypes are not likely to have resulted from recombination; they probably represent more recent introductions from unknown source populations. We found little evidence that outcrossing plays a role in range expansion. C1 [Merrill, Keith R.; Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Merrill, Keith R.; Coleman, Craig E.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Merrill, KR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM krmerrill@gmail.com FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [2007-1-3-10]; CSREES NRI Biology [2008-35320-18677]; Idaho Army National Guard FX We thank the following individuals who provided seed collections for genetic analysis: M. Ashley and W. Longland (Agricultural Research Service, Reno, NV), R. Pendleton (U. S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, NM), D. Quinney and J. Weaver (Idaho Army National Guard, Boise, ID), J. Downs (Batelle Corp., Hanford DOE site), J. Beckstead and students (Gonzaga University), and current and former Shrub Sciences Laboratory employees O. Baughman, S. Carlson, S. Clement, D. Nelson, S. Inouye, K. T. Merrill, D. Smith, T. Stewart, and J. Stewart. We also thank K. Bean and other BYU Plant Genetics Laboratory participants for assistance and A. Ramakrishnan, E. Leger, and K. Crandall for helpful reviews of this manuscript. This research was funded in part through grants from the Joint Fire Sciences Program (2007-1-3-10 to S. E. M.) and the CSREES NRI Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program (2008-35320-18677 to S. E. M. and C. E. C.). We also thank the Idaho Army National Guard for generous financial support. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 53 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 99 IS 3 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100085 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 905EI UT WOS:000301254600023 PM 22358042 ER PT J AU Kepler, RM Sung, GH Harada, Y Tanaka, K Tanaka, E Hosoya, T Bischoff, JF Spatafora, JW AF Kepler, Ryan M. Sung, Gi-Ho Harada, Yukio Tanaka, Kazuaki Tanaka, Eiji Hosoya, Tsuyoshi Bischoff, Joseph F. Spatafora, Joseph W. TI HOST JUMPING ONTO CLOSE RELATIVES AND ACROSS KINGDOMS BY TYRANNICORDYCEPS (CLAVICIPITACEAE) GEN. NOV AND USTILAGINOIDEA_(CLAVICIPITACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE adelphoparasite; anamorph-teleomorph connection; Clavicipitaceae; evolution; host association; pathogen; Villosiclava ID ANCESTRAL STATE RECONSTRUCTION; VERTICILLIUM SECTION PROSTRATA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LARGE STROMATA; MIXED MODELS; FUNGI; ASCOMYCOTA; CORDYCEPS; EVOLUTION AB Premise of study: This research seeks to advance understanding of conditions allowing movement of fungal pathogens among hosts. The family Clavicipitaceae contains fungal pathogens exploiting hosts across three kingdoms of life in a pattern that features multiple interkingdom host shifts among plants, animals, and fungi. The tribe Ustilaginoideae potentially represents a third origin of plant pathogenesis, although these species remain understudied. Fungal pathogens that cause ergot are linked morphologically with Clavicipitaceae, but are not yet included in phylogenetic studies. The placement of Ustilaginoideae and ergot pathogens will allow differentiation between the host habitat and host relatedness hypotheses as mechanisms of phylogenetic diversification of Clavicipitaceae. Methods: A multigene data set was assembled for Clavicipitaceae to test phylogenetic placement and ancestral character-state reconstructions for Ustilaginoidea virens and U. dichromonae as well as the ergot mycoparasite Cordyceps fratricida. Microscopic morphological observations of sexual and asexual states were also performed. Key results: Phylogenetic placement of U. virens and U. dichromonae represents a third acquisition of the plant pathogenic lifestyle in Clavicipitaceae. Cordyceps fratricida was also placed in Clavicipitaceae and recognized as a new genus Tyrannicordyceps. Ancestral character state reconstructions indicate initially infecting hemipteran insect hosts facilitates subsequent changes to a plant pathogenic lifestyle. The ancestor of T. fratricida is inferred to have jumped from grasses to pathogens of grasses. Conclusions: The host habitat hypothesis best explains the dynamic evolution of host affiliations seen in Clavicipitaceae and throughout Hypocreales. Co-occurrence in the same habitat has allowed for host shifts from animals to plants, and from plants to fungi. C1 [Kepler, Ryan M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sung, Gi-Ho] Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, Mushroom Res Div, RDA, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Harada, Yukio; Tanaka, Kazuaki] Hirosaki Univ, Dept Agr & Life Sci, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. [Tanaka, Eiji] Ishikawa Prefectural Univ, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 9218863, Japan. [Hosoya, Tsuyoshi] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Bot, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305005, Japan. [Bischoff, Joseph F.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Spatafora, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kepler, RM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, 6124 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rmk272@cornell.edu RI Tanaka, Kazuaki/F-1924-2013 FU NSF PEET [DEB 0529752]; NSF EAPSI [OISE 0714106, 0914288] FX Funding was provided by an NSF PEET grant (DEB 0529752) to J.W.S. and two NSF EAPSI grants (OISE 0714106 and 0914288) to R.M.K. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 99 IS 3 BP 552 EP 561 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100124 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 905EI UT WOS:000301254600025 PM 22334447 ER PT J AU El-Kadi, SW Suryawan, A Gazzaneo, MC Srivastava, N Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Lobley, GE Davis, TA AF El-Kadi, Samer W. Suryawan, Agus Gazzaneo, Maria C. Srivastava, Neeraj Orellana, Renan A. Nguyen, Hanh V. Lobley, Gerald E. Davis, Teresa A. TI Anabolic signaling and protein deposition are enhanced by intermittent compared with continuous feeding in skeletal muscle of neonates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE protein degradation; amino acid; protein turnover; stable isotope; translation initiation ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; INITIATION-FACTOR ACTIVATION; AMINO-ACIDS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; DIETARY-PROTEIN; SUCKLING RATS; INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE; LEUCINE METABOLISM; PREMATURE-INFANTS AB El-Kadi SW, Suryawan A, Gazzaneo MC, Srivastava N, Orellana RA, Nguyen HV, Lobley GE, Davis TA. Anabolic signaling and protein deposition are enhanced by intermittent compared with continuous feeding in skeletal muscle of neonates. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E674-E686, 2012. First published January 3, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00516.2011.-Orogastric tube feeding is indicated for neonates with impaired ability to ingest and can be administered by intermittent bolus or continuous schedule. Our aim was to determine whether feeding modalities affect muscle protein deposition and to identify mechanisms involved. Neonatal pigs were overnight fasted (FAS) or fed the same amount of food continuously (CON) or intermittently (INT; 7 x 4 h meals) for 29 h. For 8 h, between hours 20 and 28, pigs were infused with [H-2(5)] phenylalanine and [H-2(2)] tyrosine, and amino acid (AA) net balances were measured across the hindquarters. Insulin, branched-chain AA, phenylalanine, and tyrosine arterial concentrations and whole body phenylalanine and tyrosine fluxes were greater for INT after the meal than for CON or FAS. The activation of signaling proteins leading to initiation of mRNA translation, including eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E.eIF4G complex formation in muscle, was enhanced by INT compared with CON feeding or FAS. Signaling proteins of protein degradation were not affected by feeding modalities except for microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, which was highest in the FAS. Across the hindquarters, AA net removal increased for INT but not for CON or FAS, with protein deposition greater for INT. This was because protein synthesis increased following feeding for INT but remained unchanged for CON and FAS, whereas there was no change in protein degradation across any dietary treatment. These results suggest that muscle protein accretion in neonates is enhanced with intermittent bolus to a greater extent than continuous feeding, mainly by increased protein synthesis. C1 [El-Kadi, Samer W.; Suryawan, Agus; Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Srivastava, Neeraj; Orellana, Renan A.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lobley, Gerald E.] Univ Aberdeen, Rowett Inst Nutr & Hlth, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [AR-044474]; USDA/ARS [6250-510000-055] FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. This project has been funded in part by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Grant AR-044474 (T. A. Davis) and by the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement no. 6250-510000-055 (T. A. Davis). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 302 IS 6 BP E674 EP E686 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00516.2011 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 912IT UT WOS:000301791300006 PM 22215651 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA Suryawan, A Wilson, FA Gazzaneo, MC Fiorotto, ML Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Orellana, Renan A. Suryawan, Agus Wilson, Fiona A. Gazzaneo, Maria C. Fiorotto, Marta L. Nguyen, Hanh V. Davis, Teresa A. TI Development aggravates the severity of skeletal muscle catabolism induced by endotoxemia in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenosine 5 ' monophospate kinase; plasma alpha-actin; muscle wasting ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; AMINO-ACIDS; 3-METHYLHISTIDINE PRODUCTION; TRANSLATION INITIATION; SEPSIS; METABOLISM; INSULIN; BREAKDOWN; ATROPHY; HYPERTROPHY AB Orellana RA, Suryawan A, Wilson FA, Gazzaneo MC, Fiorotto ML, Nguyen HV, Davis TA. Development aggravates the severity of skeletal muscle catabolism induced by endotoxemia in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R682-R690, 2012. First published January 25, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00259.2011.-Accretion rates of muscle protein are elevated in normal neonates, but this anabolic drive decreases with maturation. As this change occurs, it is not known whether development also influences muscle protein catabolism induced by sepsis. We hypothesize that protein degradation in skeletal muscle induced by endotoxemia becomes more severe as the neonate develops. Fasted 7- and 26-day-old pigs were infused for 8 h with LPS (0 and 10 mu g.kg(-1).h(-1)), while plasma amino acids (AA), 3-methylhistidine (3-MH), and alpha-actin concentrations and muscle protein degradation signal activation were determined (n = 5-7/group/age). Plasma full-length alpha-actin was greater in 7-than 26-day-old pigs, suggesting a higher baseline protein turnover in neonatal pigs. LPS increased plasma total AA, 3-MH, and full-length and cleaved alpha-actin in 26-than in 7-day-old pigs. In muscle of both age groups, LPS increased AMPK and NF-kappa B phosphorylation, the abundances of activated caspase 3 and E-3 ligases MuRF1 and atrogin1, as well as the abundance of cleaved alpha-actin, suggesting activation of muscle proteolysis by endotoxin in muscle. LPS decreased Forkhead box 01 (Fox01) and Fox04 phosphorylation and increased procaspase 3 abundance in muscle of 26-day-old pigs despite the lack of effect of LPS on PKB phosphorylation. The results suggest that skeletal muscle in healthy neonatal pigs maintains high baseline degradation signal activation that cannot be enhanced by endotoxin, but as maturation advances, the effect of LPS on muscle protein catabolism manifests its severity. C1 [Orellana, Renan A.; Suryawan, Agus; Wilson, Fiona A.; Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Fiorotto, Marta L.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Orellana, Renan A.; Gazzaneo, Maria C.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Orellana, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Rm 9070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM orellana@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [K08AR-51563]; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Institute; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-055]; [R01 AR-44474] FX This project has been funded in part by the National Institutes of Health awards, K08AR-51563 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Institute (Orellana), and R01 AR-44474 (Davis) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement number 6250-51000-055 (Davis). NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 302 IS 6 BP R682 EP R690 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00259.2011 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 912JR UT WOS:000301794700004 PM 22277935 ER PT J AU Cohnstaedt, LW Rochon, K Duehl, AJ Anderson, JF Barrera, R Su, NY Gerry, AC Obenauer, PJ Campbell, JF Lysyk, TJ Allan, SA AF Cohnstaedt, Lee W. Rochon, Kateryn Duehl, Adrian J. Anderson, John F. Barrera, Roberto Su, Nan-Yao Gerry, Alec C. Obenauer, Peter J. Campbell, James F. Lysyk, Tim J. Allan, Sandra A. TI Arthropod Surveillance Programs: Basic Components, Strategies, and Analysis SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insect monitoring; collection technique; trapping technology; analysis technique; management plan ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; CULICOIDES-SONORENSIS DIPTERA; CONTAINER-BREEDING MOSQUITOS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA; 4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES; SANTA-ROSA MOUNTAINS; LONE STAR TICK; AEDES-AEGYPTI AB Effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. Herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "Advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America in San Diego, CA. Interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring for urban, medical, and veterinary applications are reviewed. Arthropod surveillance consists of the three components: 1) sampling method, 2) trap technology, and 3) analysis technique. A sampling method consists of selecting the best device or collection technique for a specific location and sampling at the proper spatial distribution, optimal duration, and frequency to achieve the surveillance objective. Optimized sampling methods are discussed for several mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) and ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). The advantages and limitations of novel terrestrial and aerial insect traps, artificial pheromones and kairomones are presented for the capture of red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), small hive beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), and Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) respectively. After sampling, extrapolating real world population numbers from trap capture data are possible with the appropriate analysis techniques. Examples of this extrapolation and action thresholds are given for termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and red flour beetles. C1 [Cohnstaedt, Lee W.; Campbell, James F.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Rochon, Kateryn; Lysyk, Tim J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Duehl, Adrian J.; Allan, Sandra A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Anderson, John F.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Barrera, Roberto] Ctr Dis Control, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. [Su, Nan-Yao] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Gerry, Alec C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Obenauer, Peter J.] USN, NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Cohnstaedt, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM lee.cohnstaedt@ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012; OI Rochon, Kateryn/0000-0002-1436-3692 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 117 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 61 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1603/AN11127 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500003 PM 26543242 ER PT J AU Belokobylskij, SA Yurchenko, GI Strazanac, JS Zaldivar-Riveron, A Mastro, V AF Belokobylskij, Sergey A. Yurchenko, Galina I. Strazanac, John S. Zaldivar-Riveron, Alejandro Mastro, Victor TI A New Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Parasitoid Species of Spathius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) From the Russian Far East and South Korea SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Spathius galinae n. sp.; Agrilus planipennis; ectoparasitoid; Atanycolus nigriventris; biocontrol ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CHINA; WASPS AB A new emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) ectoparasitoid species, Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazanac (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae), is described from the Russian Far East and South Korea. Molecular evidence supports that Russian and Korean specimens represent a single species and are closely related to two Asian species (S. agrili and S. generosus) that belong to the S. exarator species group. The morphological variation of adult S. galinae and its immature stages, distribution, life history, and relation to similar Asian Spathius species are discussed. The distribution of the new species may indicate this is one of the more cold hardy emerald ash borer parasitoids. A brief review of hymenopteran parasitoids of emerald ash borer and new host record, the first for Atanycolus nigriventris Vojnovskaja-Krieger (Braconidae: Braconinae), is reported. C1 [Strazanac, John S.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Belokobylskij, Sergey A.] Museum & Inst Zool PAN, PL-00679 Warsaw, Poland. [Belokobylskij, Sergey A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Yurchenko, Galina I.] Far Eastern Forest Res Inst, Khabarovsk 680030, Russia. [Zaldivar-Riveron, Alejandro] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Mastro, Victor] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis PSDEL, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Strazanac, JS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM doryctes@yahoo.com; yurchenko11@yandex.ru; jstrazan@wvu.edu; azaldivar@ibiologia.unam.mx; vic.mastro@aphis.usda.gov FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [N 10-04-00265]; Presidium RAS; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain) [CGL2010D15786]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Mexico) [CONACyT-511] FX We thank Hai-Poong Lee (Professor Emeritus, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea) and Yeong-Seok Jo (National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea) for locating Spathius populations and collecting samples, David W. Williams (USDA-APHIS, CPHST Otis Laboratory, MA) for the images of the immature stages, James B. Whitfield (University of Illinois, Urbana, IL) for an early review of this paper and Yuri N. Baranchikov (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) for his valuable advice during preparation of this paper. This work was in part supported by grants given by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (N 10-04-00265) and the Presidium RAS Program "Origin of Biosphere and Evolution of Geo-Biological System" to SAB, and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (CGL2010D15786; Spain) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT-511; Mexico) to AZR. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1603/AN11140 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500005 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS AF Pfannenstiel, R. S. TI Direct Consumption of Cotton Pollen Improves Survival and Development of Cheiracanthium inclusum (Araneae: Miturgidae) Spiderlings SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE pollenivory; spider development; nonprey resource; conservation; biological control ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; CURSORIAL SPIDER; WANDERING SPIDERS; NECTAR; PLANT; EGGS; CORN; SALTICIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; PREDATORS AB Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) (Araneae: Miturgidae), a spider that is common in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., foliage, was tested for the impact of consumption of cotton pollen on its survival and development under conditions of prey limitation. Immature C. inclusum readily consumed cotton pollen grains that were pierced, crushed, and macerated with the mouthparts while being extraorally digested. When reared on a diet of cotton pollen alone, spiderlings survived 178% longer than those given only water (14.45 versus 5.2 d). When provided with a prey-limited diet (Five eggs of Helicoverpa zea, a favored prey) access to cotton pollen improved the likelihood of spiderlings molting to the second instar from 0 to 22%. This increased from 60 to 84% for spiderlings provided with 10 eggs plus access to pollen. Addition of cotton pollen also extended the survival of spiders fed five or 10 eggs. Supplemental consumption of pollen seems adaptive for this spider and may lead to increased survival and retention of spiders in cotton fields. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM bob.pfannenstiel@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1603/AN11163 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500015 ER PT J AU Krugner, R Sisterson, MS Lin, H AF Krugner, Rodrigo Sisterson, Mark S. Lin, Hong TI Effects of Gender, Origin, and Age on Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to Grapevines by Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; insect vector; Pierce's disease; population ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; CHLOROTIC-DWARF-VIRUS; PIERCES-DISEASE; GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS; COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; VECTOR; CALIFORNIA; HOST; BACTERIUM; CITRUS AB Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is an invasive vector of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Transmission efficiency of X. fastidiosa to grapevines by H. vitripennis originating from two geographically separated populations in California (Riverside and Bakersfield) based on gender and age was evaluated. To evaluate transmission efficiencies among groups, insects were given a 96-h acquisition access period on infected grapevines and caged in groups of five on healthy grapevines for a 72-h inoculation access period. At the conclusion of tests, polymerase chain reaction determined that a mean +/- SD of 0.98 +/- 1.02 X. fastidiosa-positive H. vitripennis were present on each grapevine and that 29% of test plants were infected. Acquisition and retention of X. fastidiosa was not affected by vector origin, gender, or age. The probability that a grapevine was infected 12 wk after the inoculation access period increased with the number of X. fastidiosa-positive H. vitripennis per plant. Gender had no effect on inoculation success and main effects of insect origin and age on inoculation success were minor. Collectively, the result indicated that H. vitripennis origin, gender, and age did not affect acquisition and retention of X. fastidiosa and had only minor effects on inoculation success under laboratory conditions. Accordingly, rates of pathogen spread in the field are more likely to be affected by local biotic and abiotic factors that differentially affect H. vitripennis abundance and movement based on origin, gender, and age than inherent differences in transmission efficiencies among these groups. C1 [Krugner, Rodrigo; Sisterson, Mark S.; Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Krugner, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM rodrigo.krugner@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 280 EP 286 DI 10.1603/AN11117 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500016 ER PT J AU Barr, NB Islam, MS De Meyer, M McPheron, BA AF Barr, N. B. Islam, M. S. De Meyer, M. McPheron, B. A. TI Molecular Identification of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using DNA Sequences of the COI Barcode Region SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DNA barcode; restriction fragment-length polymorphism; diagnostic; Tephritidae ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; ROSA DIPTERA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CHARACTERISTIC ATTRIBUTES; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMATIC REVISION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MACLEAY DIPTERA; HAPLOTYPES; SOFTWARE AB The utility of the cytochrome oxidase I gene barcode region for diagnosis of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), is evaluated using African fruit fly collections. The method fails to discern C. capitata from its close relative Ceratitis caetrata Munro, based on genetic distances, parsimony networks, or nucleotide diagnostic characters observed in the DNA barcode sequences. When treated as a single taxon, it is possible to discern the C. capitata + C. caetrata lineage from other Ceratitis species. Levels of intraspecific diversity vary within the genus Ceratitis and multiple copies of the mitochondrial gene are reported for Ceratitis cosyra (Walker). The DNA barcoding method based on genetic distance is compared with a molecular identification method using restriction fragment length polymorphism. The DNA barcode and restriction fragment-length polymorphism methods provide similar identification results, but the DNA sequence information is more suitable for quantitative analysis of the information. C1 [Barr, N. B.] USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Mission Lab, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Islam, M. S.; McPheron, B. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [De Meyer, M.] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Mission Lab, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM norman.b.barr@aphis.usda.gov OI McPheron, Bruce/0000-0001-9623-5100 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1603/AN11100 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500022 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. TI Improvements in the Identification of Strains Facilitate Population Studies of Fall Armyworm Subgroups SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; host strain; triose phosphate isomerase ID NOCTUIDAE HOST STRAINS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; UNITED-STATES; PUERTO-RICO; FLORIDA; BRAZIL; TEXAS; CORN; GENE AB Fall armyworm is a significant agricultural pest in the Western Hemisphere and an important system for studying Lepidopteran migration and speciation. Critical to these investigations are methods that can differentiate between two morphologically indistinguishable strains that differ in their choice of plant host. In a previous study, haplotypes of the fall armyworm Triose phosphate isomerase gene (Tpi; EC 5.3.1.1) were shown to be effective indicators of strain identity. However, the method had technical complications that made it expensive to apply on the scale needed for most population studies. The focus of this paper was to develop a more efficient and cost-effective procedure. By combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction enzyme digestion, a strain-specific polymorphism in the fall armyworm Tpi locus can be characterized from single specimens without the need of DNA sequencing. This method was more accurate under some circumstances than COI haplotyping, the current method of choice for population studies. The modified Tpi method was used to expand upon previous indications that interstrain hybridization occurs asymmetrically, to confirm observations of seasonal periodicity in the proportions of the two strains infesting Florida cornfields, and to demonstrate that certain instances where strain specificity to their host plants appeared to be compromised were because of variability in the association of the COI markers to strain identity. The results indicate that the application of both Tpi and COI analyses to the study of fall armyworm populations is now practical and should facilitate the mapping and study of fall armyworm subpopulations in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1603/AN11138 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500023 ER PT J AU Belay, DK Clark, PL Skoda, SR Isenhour, DJ Molina-Ochoa, J Gianni, C Foster, JE AF Belay, Difabachew K. Clark, Pete L. Skoda, Steven R. Isenhour, David J. Molina-Ochoa, Jaime Gianni, Claudia Foster, John E. TI Spatial Genetic Variation Among Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Sampled From the United States, Puerto Rico, Panama, and Argentina SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; gene flow; amplified fragment length polymorphism; molecular marker ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM AFLP; HOST STRAINS; POPULATIONS; MARKERS; DIVERSITY; FLOW; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE AB Spatial genetic variability of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was studied by collecting samples from 31 locations in the United States, Argentina, Panama, and Puerto Rico, and then using amplified fragment length polymorphism to detect genetic variation. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic variation in fall armyworm among all (28%) sample locations and individuals within (71%) sample locations; genetic variation of fall armyworm was minimal between sample locations grouped into regions. The pairwise fixation index (F-ST) comparisons showed significant genetic differentiation (0.288) among the 31 locations. However, dendrograms of results from cluster analysis did not provide support of a high level of genetic structuring among regions. The isolation by distance analysis for all sample locations showed the absence of significant correlation between genetic dissimilarity and geographic distance except for fall armyworm samples collected within Argentina. Moreover, the estimate of modest gene flow (Nm > 1) may prevent gene fixation within regions. These results indicate that fall armyworm shows little genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity over its range, important information for the development of management strategies and monitoring the development of resistance to management techniques. C1 [Belay, Difabachew K.; Molina-Ochoa, Jaime; Foster, John E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Belay, Difabachew K.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Pontiac, IL 61764 USA. [Clark, Pete L.] Simplot, Regulatory Affairs, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Skoda, Steven R.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Isenhour, David J.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Midwest Res Ctr, Fowler, IN 47944 USA. [Molina-Ochoa, Jaime] Univ Guanajuato, Dept Agroind, Div Ciencias Salud & Ingn, Guanajuato 38900, Mexico. [Gianni, Claudia] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Belay, DK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 202 Entomol Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM difabachewbelay@yahoo.com NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.1603/AN11111 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500024 ER PT J AU Shelly, T Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, Todd Edu, James Pahio, Elaine TI Mate Choice by Lekking Males: Evidence From the Mediterranean Fruit Fly From Field Cage Trials (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; male choice; lek behavior; sexual selection ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MATING-BEHAVIOR; FLIES DIPTERA; SPERM COMPETITION; SEXUAL CONFLICT; LIFE-SPAN; COURTSHIP; FEMALES AB The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), exhibits a lek mating system characterized by intense female choice apparently based on male courtship performance. However, recent observations showed that receptive females are aggressive toward one another and compete for access to displaying males, suggesting that the traditional view that sexual competition in the medfly is restricted exclusively to males may not be accurate. The current study further examines the accepted view of the medfly mating system by investigating the possibility that males discriminate among potential mates on the basis of female age. In field cage trials, we scored matings for males presented with virgin females of different ages. Young females were mated more frequently than old females, and additional tests revealed that this pattern did not reflect age-dependent variation among virgin females in mating propensity or response to male signaling. Although the experimental environment was artificial in simultaneously providing males with young and old virgin females, the existence of nonrandom mating nonetheless was unexpected given the accepted view that, given limited mating opportunities, male medflies will copulate indiscriminately with available females. Fecundity, fertility, egg-to-pupal yield, and longevity were compared among females of different ages to assess the potential reproductive benefits gained by males via age discrimination among potential mates. Young females (10-15 d old) had significantly higher fecundity, fertility, and egg-to-pupal yield than old females (35-40 d old), and consequently male choice for young females appears to confer substantial fitness benefits. C1 [Shelly, Todd; Edu, James; Pahio, Elaine] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, T (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.1603/AN11125 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 907VY UT WOS:000301448500025 ER PT J AU Sorci-Thomas, MG Zabalawi, M Bharadwaj, MS Wilhelm, AJ Owen, JS Asztalos, BF Bhat, S Thomas, MJ AF Sorci-Thomas, Mary G. Zabalawi, Manal Bharadwaj, Manish S. Wilhelm, Ashley J. Owen, John S. Asztalos, Bela F. Bhat, Shaila Thomas, Michael J. TI Dysfunctional HDL containing L159R ApoA-I leads to exacerbation of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Apolipoprotein A-1; Apolipoprotein A-1(FIN); Atherosclerosis; Dysfunctional HDL; L159R ApoA-I ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DOMINANTLY INHERITED HYPOALPHALIPOPROTEINEMIA; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVATION; TRANSGENIC MICE; WILD-TYPE; LDL RECEPTOR; MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MILANO AB The mutation L159R apoA-I or apoA-(L159R) (RN) is a single amino acid substitution within the sixth helical repeat of apoA-I. It is associated with a dominant negative phenotype, displaying hypoalphaproteinemia and an increased risk for atherosclerosis in humans. Mice lacking both mouse apoA-I and LDL receptor (LDL-/-, apoA-I-/-) (double knockout or DKO) were crossed>9 generations with mice transgenic for human FIN to obtain L159R apoA-I, LDLr-/-, ApoA-I-/- (FIN-DKO) mice. A similar cross was also performed with human wild-type (WT) apoA-I (WT-DKO). In addition, FIN-DKO and WT-DKO were crossed to obtain WT/FIN-DKO mice. To determine the effects of the apoA-I mutations on atherosclerosis, groups of each genotype were fed either chow or an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Interestingly, the production of dysfunctional HDL-like particles occurred in DKO and FIN-DKO mice. These particles were distinct with respect to size, and their enrichment in apoE and cholesterol esters. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that particles found in the plasma of FIN-DKO mice migrated as large alpha(3)-HDL Atherosclerosis analysis showed that FIN-DKO mice developed the greatest extent of aortic cholesterol accumulation compared to all other genotypes, including DKO mice which lack any apoA-I. Taken together these data suggest that the presence of large apoE enriched HDL particles containing apoA-I L159R lack the normal cholesterol efflux promoting properties of HDL, rendering them dysfunctional and pro-atherogenic. In conclusion, large HDL-like particles containing apoE and apoA-I-L159R contribute rather than protect against atherosclerosis, possibly through defective efflux properties and their potential for aggregation at their site of interaction in the aorta. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in High Density Lipoprotein Formation and Metabolism: A Tribute to John F. Oram (1945-2010). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sorci-Thomas, Mary G.; Zabalawi, Manal; Bharadwaj, Manish S.; Wilhelm, Ashley J.; Bhat, Shaila] Wake Forest Sch Med, Sect Lipid Sci, Dept Pathol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Owen, John S.; Thomas, Michael J.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Asztalos, Bela F.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sorci-Thomas, MG (reprint author), Wake Forest Sch Med, Sect Lipid Sci, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM msthomas@wakehealth.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health [HL-49373, HL-64163]; NIH [1 S10 RR17846]; North Carolina Biotechnology Center [2007-IDG-1021, 9903-IDG-1002]; NCI [5P30CA12197] FX We thank Dr. Holtzman of the Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Molecular Biology and Pharmacology for providing us with the WUE4 apoE antibody. We also thank Dr. Weisgraber of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular and Neurological Disease, University of California for providing us with purified mouse apoE. These studies were supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (HL-49373 and HL-64163 to MGS-T). The Q-TOF was purchased with funds from NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant 1 S10 RR17846 (MJT) and the Advion Nanomate Source and Trace MS were from the North Carolina Biotechnology Center grants 2007-IDG-1021 and 9903-IDG-1002 (MJT). MS analyses were performed in the Mass Spectrometer Facility of CCCWFU School of Medicine and supported in part by NCI center grant 5P30CA12197. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-1981 J9 BBA-MOL CELL BIOL L JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids PD MAR PY 2012 VL 1821 IS 3 SI SI BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.019 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 912SO UT WOS:000301820400019 PM 21944998 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, RCLB Kenealy, WR Dietrich, D Jeffries, TW AF Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B. Kenealy, William R. Dietrich, Diane Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate moisture effects on corn stover in recovering xylose by DEO hydrolysis SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Response surface methodology; Corn stover; Vapor-phase diethyloxalate (DEO) hydrolysis; Xylose recovery; Biomass moisture ID SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE; ACID-HYDROLYSIS; XYLITOL PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; HEMICELLULOSE; AUTOHYDROLYSIS; INHIBITORS; KINETICS; CHIPS AB Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a 2(2) full factorial design, evaluated the moisture effects in recovering xylose by diethyloxalate (DEO) hydrolysis. Experiments were carried out in laboratory reactors (10 mL glass ampoules) containing corn stover (0.5 g) properly ground. The ampoules were kept at 160 degrees C for 90 min.(-) Both DEO concentration and corn stover moisture content were statistically significant at 99% confidence level. The maximum xylose recovery by the response surface methodology was achieved employing both DEO concentration and corn stover moisture at near their highest levels area. We amplified this area by using an overlay plot as a graphical optimization using a response of xylose recovery more than 80%. The mathematical statistical model was validated by testing a specific condition in the satisfied overlay plot area. Experimentally, a maximum xylose recovery (81.2%) was achieved by using initial corn stover moisture of 60% and a DEO concentration of 4% w/w. The mathematical statistical model showed that xylose recovery increases during DEO corn stover acid hydrolysis as the corn stover moisture level increases. This observation could be important during the harvesting of corn before it is fully dried in the field. The corn stover moisture was an important variable to improve xylose recovery by DEO acid hydrolysis. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, EEL, DEB1Q, Dept Biotecnol, BR-12600970 Lorena, SP, Brazil. [Kenealy, William R.] Mascoma Corp, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Dietrich, Diane; Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Rodrigues, RCLB (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, EEL, DEB1Q, Dept Biotecnol, POB 116, BR-12600970 Lorena, SP, Brazil. EM rita@debiq.eel.usp.br; twjeffries@fs.fed.us RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Rodrigues, Rita/B-5201-2013; Oliveira, Nadir/H-3532-2015 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; FU CNPq, Brazil [200702/2006-8] FX Rita de C.L.B. Rodrigues thanks financial support by CNPq, Brazil, grant number 200702/2006-8. We thank Tim Scott from Forest Products Laboratory, Madison-WI, USA for the corn stover. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 108 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.026 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 912OV UT WOS:000301810400019 PM 22285898 ER PT J AU Chen, R Yue, ZB Deitz, L Liu, Y Mulbry, W Liao, W AF Chen, Rui Yue, Zhengbo Deitz, Lauren Liu, Yan Mulbry, Walter Liao, Wei TI Use of an algal hydrolysate to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid hydrolysis; Algal biomass; Alkali treatment; Anaerobically digested fiber; Enzymatic hydrolysis ID FRESH-WATER ALGAE; DILUTE-ACID HYDROLYSIS; DAIRY MANURE; LOADING RATES; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; BIOMASS; SACCHARIFICATION; CELLULOSE; PRETREATMENT; DIGESTION AB This study investigated the use of acid hydrolyzed algae to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The farm-waste grown algal samples were first characterized, and the optimal conditions for algal hydrolysis using dilute sulfuric acid were determined. Neutralized algal hydrolysate was then tested as a reaction medium (replacing the pH buffer solution) for the enzymatic hydrolysis of a lignocellulose, alkali treated anaerobically-digested fiber. Our results showed that net glucose yields from enzymatic hydrolyses containing undiluted algal hydrolysate were at least 65% higher than net glucose yields from control media (bovine serum albumin solution, citrate buffer or distilled water). It is likely that the increase in net glucose yield is due, in part, to the binding of hydrolyzed algal proteins to lignin, which protects cellulase from binding to lignin. This study demonstrates a potential approach of using wastewater-grown algae as a co-substrate to significantly enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Rui; Yue, Zhengbo; Deitz, Lauren; Liu, Yan; Liao, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mulbry, Walter] USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liao, W (reprint author), 202 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liaow@msu.edu RI Yue, Zheng bo/E-7042-2015 OI Yue, Zheng bo/0000-0003-3295-9542 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 108 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.143 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 912OV UT WOS:000301810400021 PM 22277211 ER PT J AU Renye, JA Somkuti, GA AF Renye, John A., Jr. Somkuti, George A. TI Vector-mediated chromosomal integration of the glutamate decarboxylase gene in Streptococcus thermophilus SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus thermophilus; Integrative plasmid; Green fluorescent protein ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PLASMID; FERMENTATION; GABA AB The integrative vector, pINTRS, was used to transfer glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity to Streptococcus thermophilus ST128 thereby allowing for the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In pINTRS, the gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase, gadB, was flanked by DNA fragments homologous to a S. thermophilus pseudogene to allow for integration at a non-essential locus on the chromosome. Screening techniques confirmed the insertion of gadB with either its endogenous promoter or the S. thermophilus P2201 promoter, resulting in the generation of recombinant strains, ST128/gadB or ST128/P2201-gadB. Following the integration event unwanted plasmid DNA, specifically the erythromycin resistance gene, was eliminated from the recombinant strains. Based on the production of GABA, activities of GAD for ST128/gadB and ST128/P2201-gadB were 30.6 +/- 6 and 27.9 +/- 7.2 mu M/mg dry cell wt, respectively. C1 [Renye, John A., Jr.; Somkuti, George A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Renye, JA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM john.renye@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s10529-011-0802-6 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 905TC UT WOS:000301296300020 PM 22105555 ER PT J AU Steel, EA Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Christiansen, K Firman, JC Feist, BE Anlauf, KJ Larsen, DP AF Steel, E. A. Jensen, D. W. Burnett, K. M. Christiansen, K. Firman, J. C. Feist, B. E. Anlauf, K. J. Larsen, D. P. TI Landscape characteristics and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) distributions: explaining abundance versus occupancy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COASTAL OREGON; STREAM HABITAT; REDD COUNTS; MODELS AB Distribution of fishes, both occupancy and abundance, is often correlated with landscape-scale characteristics (e. g., geology, climate, and human disturbance). Understanding these relationships is essential for effective conservation of depressed populations. We used landscape characteristics to explain the distribution of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon Plan data set, one of the first long-term, probabilistic salmon monitoring data sets covering the full range of potential habitats. First we compared data structure and model performance between the Oregon Plan data set and two published data sets on coho salmon distribution. Most of the variation in spawner abundance occurred between reaches but much also occurred between years, limiting potential model performance. Similar suites of landscape predictors are correlated with coho salmon distribution across regions and data sets. We then modeled coho salmon spawner distribution using the Oregon Plan data set and determined that landscape characteristics could not explain presence vs. absence of spawners but that the percentage of agriculture, winter temperature range, and the intrinsic potential of the stream could explain some variation in abundance (weighted average R-2 = 0.30) where spawners were present. We conclude that the previous use of nonrandom monitoring data sets may have obscured understanding of species distribution, and we suggest minor modifications to large-scale monitoring programs. C1 [Steel, E. A.; Jensen, D. W.; Feist, B. E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Firman, J. C.; Anlauf, K. J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Larsen, D. P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM asteel@fs.fed.us OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank George Pess, Martin Liermann, and Phil Roni, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, for constructive reviews of early stages of the manuscript. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive suggestions. This work was funded by a grant from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board with additional support from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 3 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1139/F2011-161 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 905VC UT WOS:000301303000004 ER PT J AU Tinkham, WT Smith, AMS Hoffman, C Hudak, AT Falkowski, MJ Swanson, ME Gessler, PE AF Tinkham, Wade T. Smith, Alistair M. S. Hoffman, Chad Hudak, Andrew T. Falkowski, Michael J. Swanson, Mark E. Gessler, Paul E. TI Investigating the influence of LiDAR ground surface errors on the utility of derived forest inventories SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; TREE HEIGHT; ACCURACY; VEGETATION; ELEVATION; CANOPY; ALGORITHMS; IMAGERY; SLOPE AB Light detection and ranging, or LiDAR, effectively produces products spatially characterizing both terrain and vegetation structure; however, development and use of those products has outpaced our understanding of the errors within them. LiDAR's ability to capture three-dimensional structure has led to interest in conducting or augmenting forest inventories with LiDAR data. Prior to applying LiDAR in operational management, it is necessary to understand the errors in LiDAR-derived estimates of forest inventory metrics (i.e., tree height). Most LiDAR-based forest inventory metrics require creation of digital elevation models (DEM), and because metrics are calculated relative to the DEM surface, errors within the DEMs propagate into delivered metrics. This study combines LiDAR DEMs and 54 ground survey plots to investigate how surface morphology and vegetation structure influence DEM errors. The study further compared two LiDAR classification algorithms and found no significant difference in their performance. Vegetation structure was found to have no influence, whereas increased variability in the vertical error was observed on slopes exceeding 30 degrees, illustrating that these algorithms are not limited by high-biomass western coniferous forests, but that slope and sensor accuracy both play important roles. The observed vertical DEM error translated into +/- 1%-3% error range in derived timber volumes, highlighting the potential of LiDAR-derived inventories in forest management. C1 [Tinkham, Wade T.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Gessler, Paul E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hoffman, Chad] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Falkowski, Michael J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Swanson, Mark E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Tinkham, WT (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tink8633@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Hoffman, Chad/0000-0001-8715-937X FU Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium (UMAC); NASA; Potlatch Timber Company; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Idaho Space Grant Consortium; NSF Idaho EPSCoR; NSF [EPS-0814387] FX This project would not have been possible without the funding that was provided by the Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium (UMAC), which is, in turn, funded by NASA. Further support was provided by Potlatch Timber Company, through the use of their LiDAR data set, and financial contributions from the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and Idaho Space Grant Consortium. The Topcon total station and other pieces of measurement equipment were purchased with funds provided by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and NSF award number EPS-0814387. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1139/X11-193 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 902MK UT WOS:000301042400001 ER PT J AU Robert, LE Kneeshaw, D Sturtevant, BR AF Robert, Louis-Etienne Kneeshaw, Daniel Sturtevant, Brian R. TI Effects of forest management legacies on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TENT CATERPILLAR OUTBREAKS; BALSAM FIR FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; SCALE PATTERNS; EASTERN CANADA; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; DEFOLIATION; ONTARIO AB The "silvicultural hypothesis" of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) dynamics postulates that increasing severity of spruce budworm outbreaks over the last century resulted from forest conditions created by past management activities. Yet, definitive tests of the hypothesis remain elusive. We examined spruce budworm outbreak dynamics (synchrony, periodicity, and intensity) in the 20th century using historical reconstruction from tree-ring chronologies sampled within 19 sites in a large ecoregion located on the border of Minnesota and Ontario. The study encompassed three areas affected by contrasting management legacies: a fine-grained area (Minnesota, six sites, average cut size = 17 ha), a coarse-grained area (Ontario, six sites, average cut size 10 times that of Minnesota), and a conservation zone (seven sites) with little recent harvest activity overlapping the border. Results suggest important differences in outbreak dynamics between the forest management zones that cannot be explained by differences in climate among sample sites. Budworm outbreaks within the conservation zone were more synchronous, with more trees per site affected and less frequent outbreaks than sites sampled within fine-scale managed areas. Outbreak dynamics within forests managed at coarser scales suggest a mixture of the conservation and fine-scale management zone outbreak patterns. Potential factors affecting differences in the observed outbreak patterns include forest pattern, composition, and age. Our study generally supports the silvicultural hypothesis and emphasizes that management legacy effects on spruce budworm dynamics should be observable at landscape scales, as well as at local scales. C1 [Robert, Louis-Etienne; Kneeshaw, Daniel] Univ Quebec, CEF, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Sturtevant, Brian R.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Robert, LE (reprint author), Univ Quebec, CEF, CP 8888,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. EM robert.louis-etienne@courrier.uqam.ca FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2005-35101-16342]; Sustainable Forest Management Network of Canada FX This research was supported by a grant from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Managed Ecosystems program (2005-35101-16342) and funding from the Sustainable Forest Management Network of Canada. We also thank Nate Aspelin and Francois Larouche for their help in the field and in the laboratory. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.1139/X2012-005 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 902MK UT WOS:000301042400005 ER PT J AU Brown, JP Oderwald, RG AF Brown, John P. Oderwald, Richard G. TI Sampling estimators of total mill receipts for use in timber product output studies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Data from the 2001 timber product output study for Georgia was explored to determine new methods for stratifying mills and finding suitable sampling estimators. Estimators for roundwood receipts totals comprised several types: simple random sample, ratio, stratified sample, and combined ratio. Two stratification methods were examined: the Dalenius-Hodges (DH) square root of the frequency method and a cluster analysis method. Three candidate sizes for the number of groups were selected from the cluster analysis and subsequently used in the DH stratification as well. Relative efficiency improved when the number of groups increased and when using a ratio estimator, particularly a combined ratio. The two stratification methods performed similarly. Neither the DH method nor the cluster analysis method performed better than the other. Six bound sizes (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) were considered for deriving samples sizes for the total volume of roundwood receipts. The minimum achievable bound size was found to be 10% of the total receipts volume for the DH method using a two-group stratification. This was true for both the stratified and combined ratio estimators. In addition, for the stratified and combined ratio estimators, only the DH method stratifications were able to reach a 15% bound on the total (six of the 12 stratified estimators). These results demonstrate that the utilized classification methods are compatible with stratified totals estimators and can provide users with the opportunity to develop viable sampling procedures as opposed to complete mill censuses. C1 [Brown, John P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Oderwald, Richard G.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Brown, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM jpbrown@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 476 EP 489 DI 10.1139/X11-183 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 902MK UT WOS:000301042400006 ER PT J AU Woods, KD Hicks, DJ Schultz, J AF Woods, Kerry D. Hicks, David J. Schultz, Jan TI Losses in understory diversity over three decades in an old-growth cool-temperate forest in Michigan, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; GROUND-LAYER VEGETATION; INTERMEDIATE WIND DISTURBANCE; EARTHWORM INVASION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; SOUTHEASTERN SLOVENIA; NITROGEN DEPOSITION AB Diversity in temperate forests is concentrated in the understory, but understory dynamics are poorly understood for old-growth forests. We use repeated measurements of more than eight hundred 1 m(2) plots over three decades to assess patterns of understory diversity in old-growth mesic and wet forests in northern Michigan, USA. We ask whether diversity changes systematically over time and whether dynamics are related to spatial scale. We find, for all habitats, significant understory diversity loss at square-metre scales but not at coarser scales. Total herbaceous cover, however, remained constant or increased in total and for nearly all frequent species, and no species were lost overall. We explore hypotheses about diversity regulation by exploring correlations with habitat, canopy composition, and properties of understory species. Nonindigenous plants are rare at the study site, earthworm invasion is not apparent, and deer browse is not intense. Diversity changes may be related to ecological guild membership. We suggest that the general loss of fine-scale diversity is driven by either changing canopy composition or competitive dynamics within the understory community. Management for diversity maintenance in temperate forests must address understory communities; if herbaceous diversity is scale dependent and unstable over decadal time frames, management approaches need to account for factors driving changes. C1 [Woods, Kerry D.] Bennington Coll, Bennington, VT 05201 USA. [Hicks, David J.] Manchester Coll, Dept Biol, N Manchester, IN 46962 USA. [Schultz, Jan] US Forest Serv, Milwaukee, WI 53203 USA. RP Woods, KD (reprint author), Bennington Coll, Bennington, VT 05201 USA. EM kwoods@bennington.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Andrew Mellon Foundation; Huron Mt. Wildlife Foundation; United States Forest Service FX Analyses presented here were conducted while K.D.W. was a Sabbatical Fellow at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by the National Science Foundation (grant No. EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Fieldwork and other other aspects of the research have been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the Huron Mt. Wildlife Foundation, and the United States Forest Service. We thank the staff of the Hiawatha National Forest and the Northern Experiment Station of the US Forest Service for cooperation and logistical support. Comments from two peer reviewers helped us to improve the manuscript. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 532 EP 549 DI 10.1139/X2012-006 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 902MK UT WOS:000301042400010 ER PT J AU Wirthner, S Schutz, M Page-Dumroese, DS Busse, MD Kirchner, JW Risch, AC AF Wirthner, Sven Schuetz, Martin Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Busse, Matt D. Kirchner, James W. Risch, Anita C. TI Do changes in soil properties after rooting by wild boars (Sus scrofa) affect understory vegetation in Swiss hardwood forests? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; FERAL PIG DISTURBANCE; NATIONAL-PARK; IMPACTS; ISLAND; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; HAWAII; HOGS AB Recovering from small fragmented populations, wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) have considerably increased their numbers and their habitat range in many European countries during the past two decades. Although several studies have focused on the impact of wild boar rooting on selected vegetation properties, little is known about effects on entire forest ecosystems. The main goal of our study was to assess how rooting by boars alters soil and vegetation properties. We measured soil chemical and biological properties (C and N concentrations, N availability, and microbial biomass C) as well as several vegetation characteristics (total plant cover, plant species diversity, and number and height of saplings) on paired rooted and non-rooted plots in six hardwood forests in Switzerland. We found that rooting by wild boars led to significant increases in mineral soil C and N concentrations and microbial biomass C, which could lead to improved growth conditions for plants. However, total plant cover and sapling counts were reduced on rooted plots, possibly due to mechanical disturbance or due to reduced plant available N (measured as supply rate in contrast with the observed increase in total stocks of mineral soil N). In view of these results, simple characterizations of wild boar rooting as beneficial or detrimental to forest ecosystems should be handled with care. C1 [Wirthner, Sven; Schuetz, Martin; Kirchner, James W.; Risch, Anita C.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Busse, Matt D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Wirthner, S (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM sven.wirthner@wsl.ch RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009; Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012 OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619; Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336 FU Swiss National Forest Inventory FX We thank Dieter Trummer, Lieven Dekoninck, Florian Risch, Barbara Moser, Ulrich Wasem, and Manuel Lingg for their help with establishing the fences and Dieter Trummer, Manuel Lingg, and Verena Hechinger for their help during field work. We are grateful to Alice Ratcliff and Joanne Tirocke for their help with analyzing the soil samples in the laboratory. Our thanks also go to the local foresters and hunting organizations for their support of our study and for access to the field sites. In addition, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript and the "Vegetation & Soil" subproject of the Swiss National Forest Inventory for the funding of this study. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 69 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1139/X2012-013 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 902MK UT WOS:000301042400014 ER PT J AU Song, NF Aguilar, FX Shifley, SR Goerndt, ME AF Song, Nianfu Aguilar, Francisco X. Shifley, Stephen R. Goerndt, Michael E. TI Factors affecting wood energy consumption by US households SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Woody biomass; Bioenergy; Residential energy consumption; Demand; Tobit ID UNITED-STATES; FUELWOOD; BIOMASS; DEMAND; POLICY; MODEL AB About 23% of energy derived from woody sources in the U.S. was consumed by households, of which 70% was used by households in rural areas in 2005. We investigated factors affecting household-level wood energy consumption in the four continental U.S. regions using data from the U.S. Residential Energy Consumption Survey. To account for a large number of zero observations (i.e., households that do not burn wood), left-censored Tobit models were estimated. Urban/rural location is a key determinant of level of household wood energy consumption. Wood energy consumption elasticity with respect to non-wood energy price changes was 1.55 at the U.S. level, and a much higher 2.30 among rural households. While household wood energy consumption was affected primarily by non-wood energy price in rural areas, it was influenced mainly by household size and level of income in urban areas. Elasticity of wood energy consumption with respect to income can be positive or negative depending on household urban/rural location, region and income level. Newer houses were found to use less wood energy than older ones, and greater urbanization was found to have negative effect on wood energy use. Our findings suggest that policies reducing relative wood energy cost or increasing non-wood energy prices in the residential sector will result in greater wood energy consumption in the U.S. The effect of policies may vary by region and are likely to be more effective in U.S. rural areas and in the U.S. Midwest in particular. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Nianfu; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Goerndt, Michael E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Shifley, Stephen R.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Aguilar, FX (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM songn@missouri.edu; aguilarf@missouri.edu; sshifley@fs.fed.us; goerndtm@missouri.edu NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.12.009 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 910IJ UT WOS:000301630100002 ER PT J AU DeVault, TL Belant, JL Blackwell, BF Martin, JA Schmidt, JA Burger, LW Patterson, JW AF DeVault, Travis L. Belant, Jerrold L. Blackwell, Bradley F. Martin, James A. Schmidt, Jason A. Burger, L. Wes, Jr. Patterson, James W., Jr. TI Airports Offer Unrealized Potential for Alternative Energy Production SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Airport; Biofuel; Energy; GIS; Grassland; Solar; Wildlife; Wind ID UNITED-STATES; BIOFUELS; BIOENERGY; OPPORTUNITIES; SWITCHGRASS; AVIATION; BIOMASS; IMPACT; CROPS AB Scaling up for alternative energy such as solar, wind, and biofuel raises a number of environmental issues, notably changes in land use and adverse effects on wildlife. Airports offer one of the few land uses where reductions in wildlife abundance and habitat quality are necessary and socially acceptable, due to risk of wildlife collisions with aircraft. There are several uncertainties and limitations to establishing alternative energy production at airports, such as ensuring these facilities do not create wildlife attractants or other hazards. However, with careful planning, locating alternative energy projects at airports could help mitigate many of the challenges currently facing policy makers, developers, and conservationists. C1 [DeVault, Travis L.; Blackwell, Bradley F.; Schmidt, Jason A.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44846 USA. [Belant, Jerrold L.; Martin, James A.; Burger, L. Wes, Jr.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Patterson, James W., Jr.] William J Hughes Tech Ctr, US Fed Aviat Adm, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP DeVault, TL (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44846 USA. EM Travis.L.DeVault@aphis.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; Mississippi State University; U.S. Federal Aviation Administration FX The United States Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State University, and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration support our research. We thank P. M. Schmidt, R. King, and L. Clark for providing comments on the manuscript, and E. Poggiali for administrative support. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 517 EP 522 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9803-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905TZ UT WOS:000301299400001 PM 22245856 ER PT J AU Poudyal, NC Johnson-Gaither, C Goodrick, S Bowker, JM Gan, JB AF Poudyal, Neelam C. Johnson-Gaither, Cassandra Goodrick, Scott Bowker, J. M. Gan, Jianbang TI Locating Spatial Variation in the Association Between Wildland Fire Risk and Social Vulnerability Across Six Southern States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildland fire risk; Social vulnerability; Environmental hazards; Southeastern US; Geographically weighted regression ID URBAN INTERFACE; COUNTY; LANDSCAPE; CAROLINA AB Wildland fire in the South commands considerable attention, given the expanding wildland urban interface (WUI) across the region. Much of this growth is propelled by higher income retirees and others desiring natural amenity residential settings. However, population growth in the WUI increases the likelihood of wildfire fire ignition caused by people, as humans account for 93% of all wildfires fires in the South. Coexisting with newly arrived, affluent WUI populations are working class, poor or otherwise socially vulnerable populations. The latter groups typically experience greater losses from environmental disasters such as wildfire because lower income residents are less likely to have established mitigation programs in place to help absorb loss. We use geographically weighted regression to examine spatial variation in the association between social vulnerability (SOVUL) and wildfire risk. In doing so, we identify "hot spots" or geographical clusters where SOVUL varies positively with wildfire risk across six Southern states-Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. These clusters may or may not be located in the WUI. These hot spots are most prevalent in South Carolina and Florida. Identification of these population clusters can aid wildfire managers in deciding which communities to prioritize for mitigation programming. C1 [Johnson-Gaither, Cassandra; Goodrick, Scott; Bowker, J. M.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Poudyal, Neelam C.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gan, Jianbang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Johnson-Gaither, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cjohnson09@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program FX We would like to thank the Joint Fire Science Program for funding the research supporting this study. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9796-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905TZ UT WOS:000301299400010 PM 22218459 ER PT J AU Schroeder, ET He, JX Yarasheski, KE Binder, EF Castaneda-Sceppa, C Bhasin, S Dieli-Conwright, CM Kawakubo, M Roubenoff, R Azen, SP Sattler, FR AF Schroeder, E. Todd He, Jiaxiu Yarasheski, Kevin E. Binder, Ellen F. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Bhasin, Shalender Dieli-Conwright, Christina M. Kawakubo, Miwa Roubenoff, Ronenn Azen, Stanley P. Sattler, Fred R. TI Value of measuring muscle performance to assess changes in lean mass with testosterone and growth hormone supplementation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anabolic hormones; Androgen supplementation; Muscle quality; HORMA study ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OLDER MEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; EXTRACELLULAR WATER; ANDROGEN THERAPY; STRENGTH; QUALITY AB We hypothesized that treatment with testosterone (T) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) would increase lean mass (LM) and muscle strength proportionally and an in a linear manner over 16 weeks. This was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-masked investigation of T and rhGH supplementation in older (71 +/- 4 years) community-dwelling men. Participants received transdermal T at either 5 or 10 g/day as well as rhGH at 0, 3.0 or 5.0 mu g/kg/day for 16 weeks. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and muscle performance by composite one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength and strength per unit of lean mass (muscle quality, MQ) for five major muscle groups (upper and lower body) at baseline, week 8 and 17. The average change in total LM at study week 8 compared with baseline was 1.50 +/- 1.54 kg (P < 0.0001) in the T only group and 2.64 +/- 1.7 (P < 0.0001) in the T + rhGH group and at week 17 was 1.46 +/- 1.48 kg (P < 0.0001) in the T only group and 2.14 +/- 1.96 kg (P < 0.0001) in the T + rhGH group. 1-RM strength improved modestly in both groups combined (12.0 +/- 23.9%, P < 0.0001) at week 8 but at week 17 these changes were twofold greater (24.7 +/- 31.0%, P < 0.0001). MQ did not significantly change from baseline to week 8 but increased for the entire cohort, T only, and T + rhGH groups by week 17 (P < 0.001). Despite sizeable increases in LM measurements at week 8, tests of muscle performance did not show substantive improvements at this time point. C1 [Schroeder, E. Todd; Dieli-Conwright, Christina M.; Sattler, Fred R.] Univ So Calif, Div Biokinesiol & PT, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Schroeder, E. Todd; Sattler, Fred R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen; Roubenoff, Ronenn] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Yarasheski, Kevin E.; Binder, Ellen F.] Washington Univ, Dept Med, St Louis, MO USA. [He, Jiaxiu; Kawakubo, Miwa; Azen, Stanley P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Bhasin, Shalender] Boston Univ, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Schroeder, ET (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Div Biokinesiol & PT, 1540 E Alcazar St,CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM eschroed@usc.edu RI Yarasheski, Kevin/A-3025-2008; OI Yarasheski, Kevin/0000-0001-5436-2451 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 AG18169]; NCRR GCRC at USC [M0I RR000043]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) ARS [58-1950-9-001]; NCRR GCRC at Tufts University [M01 RR000054]; NIH [U01AG14369, 1R01DK70534] FX We gratefully acknowledge the volunteer participants who committed substantial time and efforts to make this study successful. Support for this trial was provided in part from the National Institutes of Health R01 AG18169 and local NCRR GCRC M0I RR000043 at USC, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-9-001, the NCRR GCRC grant M01 RR000054 at Tufts University, where any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA, and the NCRR GCRC at Washington University School of Medicine (M01 RR000036), the Mass Spectrometry Research Resource at Washington University (NIH RR000954, DK020579, and DK056341), and NIH grants U01AG14369 and 1R01DK70534 at Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine. Study therapies were provided by Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc, Genentech Inc, and TAP Pharmaceutical Products Inc; industry sponsors provided no monetary support. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 112 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.1007/s00421-011-2077-y PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 909MF UT WOS:000301567900032 PM 21748366 ER PT J AU Li, RW Schroeder, SG AF Li, Robert W. Schroeder, Steven G. TI Cytoskeleton remodeling and alterations in smooth muscle contractility in the bovine jejunum during nematode infection SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ruminant; Parasite; Cooperia; Cattle; Transcriptome; RNA-seq; Jejunum; Smooth muscle; Cytoskeleton ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; COOPERIA-ONCOPHORA INFECTION; HOST RESPONDER TYPES; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; RNA-SEQ; CELLS; RESISTANCE; CATTLE AB Gastrointestinal nematodes of the genus Cooperia are arguably the most important parasites of cattle. The bovine jejunal transcriptome was characterized in response to Cooperia oncophora infection using RNA-seq technology. Approximately 71% of the 25,670 bovine genes were detected in the jejunal transcriptome. However, 16,552 genes were expressed in all samples tested, probably representing the core component of the transcriptome. Twenty of the most abundant genes accounted for 12.7% of the sequences from the transcriptome. A 164-h infection seemingly induced a minor change in the transcriptome (162 genes). Additionally, a total of 162,412 splice junctions were identified. Among them, 1,164 appeared unique to 1 of the 2 groups: 868 splice junctions were observed only in infected animals, while 278 were only present in all 4 control animals. Biological functions associated with muscle contraction were predominant Gene Ontology terms enriched in the genes differentially expressed by infection. The primary function of two of the four regulatory networks impacted was related to skeletal and muscular systems. A total of 34 pathways were significantly impacted by infection. Several pathways were directly related to host immune responses, such as acute phase response, leukocyte extravasation, and antigen presentation, consistent with previous findings. Calcium signaling and actin cytoskeleton signaling were among the pathways most significantly impacted by infection in the bovine jejunum. Together, these data suggest that smooth muscle hypercontractility may be initiated as a result of a primary C. oncophora infection, which may represent a mechanism for host responses in the jejunum during nematode infection. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Schroeder, Steven G.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov OI Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10142-011-0259-7 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 912XG UT WOS:000301834100004 PM 22203460 ER PT J AU Hou, YL Liu, GE Bickhart, DM Matukumalli, LK Li, CJ Song, JZ Gasbarre, LC Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS AF Hou, Yali Liu, George E. Bickhart, Derek M. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Li, Congjun Song, Jiuzhou Gasbarre, Louis C. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Sonstegard, Tad S. TI Genomic regions showing copy number variations associate with resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes in Angus cattle SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Parasite resistance; Cattle genome; Copy number variation (CNV); Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ID GENETICALLY RESISTANT; GENE; EXPRESSION; SHEEP; INFLAMMATION; IMPACT; GUT; QTL AB Genomic structural variation is an important and abundant source of genetic and phenotypic variation. We previously reported an initial analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) in Angus cattle selected for resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes. In this study, we performed a large-scale analysis of CNVs using SNP genotyping data from 472 animals of the same population. We detected 811 candidate CNV regions, which represent 141.8 Mb (similar to 4.7%) of the genome. To investigate the functional impacts of CNVs, we created 2 groups of 100 individual animals with extremely low or high estimated breeding values of eggs per gram of feces and referred to these groups as parasite resistant (PR) or parasite susceptible (PS), respectively. We identified 297 (similar to 51 Mb) and 282 (similar to 48 Mb) CNV regions from PR and PS groups, respectively. Approximately 60% of the CNV regions were specific to the PS group or PR group of animals. Selected PR- or PS-specific CNVs were further experimentally validated by quantitative PCR. A total of 297 PR CNV regions overlapped with 437 Ensembl genes enriched in immunity and defense, like WC1 gene which uniquely expresses on gamma/delta T cells in cattle. Network analyses indicated that the PR-specific genes were predominantly involved in gastrointestinal disease, immunological disease, inflammatory response, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, lymphoid tissue development, and cell death. By contrast, the 282 PS CNV regions contained 473 Ensembl genes which are overrepresented in environmental interactions. Network analyses indicated that the PS-specific genes were particularly enriched for inflammatory response, immune cell trafficking, metabolic disease, cell cycle, and cellular organization and movement. C1 [Hou, Yali; Liu, George E.; Bickhart, Derek M.; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Li, Congjun; Gasbarre, Louis C.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.; Sonstegard, Tad S.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hou, Yali; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Sch Syst Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA,BARC E, Bldg 200,Room 124B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM george.liu@ars.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Bickhart, Derek/0000-0003-2223-9285 FU NIFA [2007-35205-17869] FX We thank D. Hebert, J. Shaffer, and R. Anderson for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by NRI grant no. 2007-35205-17869 from USDA CSREES (now NIFA). NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10142-011-0252-1 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 912XG UT WOS:000301834100007 PM 21928070 ER PT J AU Shin, JH Li, RW Gao, Y Baldwin, R Li, CJ AF Shin, Joo Heon Li, Robert W. Gao, Yuan Baldwin, Ransom Li, Cong-Jun TI Genome-wide ChIP-seq mapping and analysis reveal butyrate-induced acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27 correlated with transcription activity in bovine cells SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Bovine; Butyrate; ChIP-seq; Epigenomics; Histone acetylation ID KIDNEY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EPIGENETICS; ROBUSTNESS; EXPRESSION; PATHWAYS; TARGETS; BINDING; MEMORY; MODEL AB Butyrate-induced histone acetylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. However, the regulation mechanisms of histone modification remain largely unclear. To comprehensively analyze histone modification induced by butyrate, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technology combined with next-generation sequencing technology (ChIP-seq) to analyze histone modification (acetylation) induced by butyrate and to map the epigenomic landscape of normal histone H3 and acetylated histone H3K9 and H3K27 on a large scale. To determine the location of histone H3, acetyl-H3K9, and acetyl-H3K27 binding sites within the bovine genome, we analyzed the H3-, acetyl-H3K9-, and acetyl-H3K27-enriched binding regions in the proximal promoter within 5 kb upstream, or at the 5' untranslated region (UTR) from the transcriptional start site (TSS), exon, intron, and intergenic regions (defined as regions 25 kb upstream or 10 kb downstream from the TSS). Our analysis indicated that the distribution of histone H3, acetyl-H3K9, and acetyl-H3K27 correlated with transcription activity induced by butyrate. Using the GADEM algorithm, several motifs were generated for each of the ChIP-seq datasets. A de novo search for H3, acetyl-H3K9, and acetyl-H3K27 binding motifs indicated that histone modification (acetylation) at various locations changes the histone H3 binding preferences. Our results reveal that butyrate-induced acetylation in H3K9 and H3K27 changes the sequence-based binding preference of histone H3 and underlies the potential mechanisms of gene expression regulation induced by butyrate. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Baldwin, Ransom; Li, Cong-Jun] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shin, Joo Heon; Gao, Yuan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Lieber Inst Brain Dev, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Room 209, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM congjun.li@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X EI 1438-7948 J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10142-012-0263-6 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 912XG UT WOS:000301834100010 PM 22249597 ER PT J AU Bennypaul, HS Mutti, JS Rustgi, S Kumar, N Okubara, PA Gill, KS AF Bennypaul, Harvinder S. Mutti, Jasdeep S. Rustgi, Sachin Kumar, Neeraj Okubara, Patricia A. Gill, Kulvinder S. TI Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of genes expressed in root, leaf, and meiotic tissues of wheat SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE VIGS; Wheat; BSMV; Gene silencing; VIGS inheritance; Transient gene expression ID STRIPE-MOSAIC-VIRUS; SEED TRANSMISSIBILITY; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; MONOCOT PLANT; BARLEY; ARABIDOPSIS; INFECTION; EFFICIENT; PROTEIN AB Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an effective strategy for rapid functional analysis of genes in wheat leaves, but its utility to transiently express genes, and silencing in other tissues including root, flower, and developing grains, has not been demonstrated in monocots. We monitored green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression to demonstrate the utility of BSMV as a transient expression vector and silenced genes in various wheat tissues to expand VIGS utility to characterize tissue-specific genes. An antisense construct designed for coronatine insensitive1 (COI1) showed an 85% decrease in COI1 transcript level in roots accompanied by a 26% reduction in root length. Similarly, silencing of seed-specific granule-bound starch synthase by antisense and hairpin constructs resulted in up to 82% reduction in amylose content of the developing grains. VIGS of meiosis-specific genes demonstrated by silencing wheat homologue of disrupted meiosis cDNA1 (DMC1) by an antisense construct resulted in a 75-80% reduction in DMC1 transcript level accompanied by an average of 37.2 univalents at metaphase I. The virus-based transient GFP expression was observed in the leaf, phloem, and root cortex at 10-17 days post-inoculation. A novel observation was made that 8-11% of the first selfed generation progeny showed VIGS inheritance and that this proportion increased to 53-72% in the second and to 90-100% in the third generations. No viral symptoms were observed in the progeny, making it possible to study agronomic traits by VIGS. VIGS inheritance is particularly useful to study genes expressing during seed germination or other stages of early plant growth. C1 [Bennypaul, Harvinder S.; Mutti, Jasdeep S.; Rustgi, Sachin; Kumar, Neeraj; Gill, Kulvinder S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Okubara, Patricia A.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gill, KS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ksgill@wsu.edu FU Washington Wheat Commission; Vogel Endowment funds; USDA ARS [5248-22000-012-00D] FX The authors thank Dr. Gregory Pogue (Large Scale Biology Corporation, CA, USA) for providing VIGS vectors and Dr. Simon Chuong (Franchesci Electron Microscopy Center, Washington State University) for expert assistance with confocal microscopy. This work was supported by Washington Wheat Commission, The Vogel Endowment funds, and USDA ARS Project no. 5248-22000-012-00D (P.O.). NR 44 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s10142-011-0245-0 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 912XG UT WOS:000301834100012 PM 21935674 ER PT J AU Li, RP Shi, HB Flerchinger, GN Akae, T Wang, CS AF Li, Ruiping Shi, Haibin Flerchinger, G. N. Akae, Takeo Wang, Changsheng TI Simulation of freezing and thawing soils in Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District, China SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Freezing and thawing soils; Water fluxes; Energy fluxes; SHAW model; Simulation analysis ID WATER; MODEL AB Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District, in north of China, is typical of seasonal frozen soil areas in the region. Irrigation in autumn is required to leach soil salt and to provide a reserve of soil water for the next year's crop. However, improper autumn irrigation results in the secondary salinization of soil. The objective of this study is to simulate soil water and heat dynamics during winter period with the one-dimensional Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model to assess its capability for simulating overwinter water storage. SHAW model soil parameters were calibrated by data of 1995-1996 and 2002-2004 and validated by data of 1996-2001 and 2005-2006 using field measured soil water contents and temperatures during freezing and thawing periods. Using calibrated and validated soil parameters, the paper simulates the process of soil freezing-thawing, and the dynamic variation of moisture-heat transfer, including soil water content, temperature, frost depth, soil evaporation, and water flux in the seasonal freezing-thawing period. These are useful to determine proper autumn irrigation management, and can be used in future research to address overwinter solute migration to reduce soil secondary salinization. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Ruiping; Shi, Haibin] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Civil Engn, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Flerchinger, G. N.] Agr Res Serv, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Akae, Takeo] Okayama Univ, Fac Environm Sci & Technol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Wang, Changsheng] Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigat Dist Jiefangzha Dept, Hangjin Houqi 015400, Peoples R China. RP Shi, HB (reprint author), Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservat & Civil Engn, 306 Zhaowuda Rd, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. EM shi_haibin@sohu.com FU Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation [200508010303, 2011850301]; key projects in the National Science &Technology Pillar Treatment [2007BAD88B04, 2011BAD29B03]; Science &Technology Innovation Team Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China [NDTD2010-7] FX Support for this research was provided by Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation (200508010303, 2011850301), key projects in the National Science &Technology Pillar Treatment (2007BAD88B04, 2011BAD29B03), and Science &Technology Innovation Team Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China (NDTD2010-7). The authors are grateful to the Shahaoqu Experimental Station, Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District Jiefangzha Department, China, and also to Liu Hongyun, Zhang Xiangzhu, Li Zhengzhong, and Xue Zhu for their assistance with field experimental work. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAR PY 2012 VL 173 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.009 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 911YS UT WOS:000301761200004 ER PT J AU Bevins, SN Baroch, JA Nolte, DL Zhang, M He, HX AF Bevins, Sarah N. Baroch, John A. Nolte, Dale L. Zhang, Min He, Hongxuan TI Yersinia pestis: examining wildlife plague surveillance in China and the USA SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE plague; sentinel species; surveillance; Yersinia pestis ID PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; DISEASES; HEALTH; CATS; DOGS; DIVERSITY; MEDICINE; MAMMALS AB Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis Lehmann and Neumann, 1896. Although it is essentially a disease of rodents, plague can also be transmitted to people. Historically, plague has caused massive morbidity and mortality events in human populations, and has recently been classified as a reemerging disease in many parts of the world. This public health threat has led many countries to set up wild and domestic animal surveillance programs in an attempt to monitor plague activity that could potentially spill over into human populations. Both China and the USA have plague surveillance programs in place, but the disease dynamics differ in each country. We present data on plague seroprevalence in wildlife and review different approaches for plague surveillance in the 2 countries. The need to better comprehend plague dynamics, combined with the fact that there are still several thousand human plague cases per year, make well-designed wildlife surveillance programs a critical part of both understanding plague risks to humans and preventing disease outbreaks in the future. C1 [Bevins, Sarah N.; Baroch, John A.; Nolte, Dale L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Zhang, Min; He, Hongxuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Bevins, SN (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Sarah.N.Bevins@aphis.usda.gov RI Zhang, Min/A-9166-2010 NR 48 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2012.00280.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 904DU UT WOS:000301175000010 PM 22405453 ER PT J AU Kiefer, CM Clements, CB Potter, BE AF Kiefer, Caroline M. Clements, Craig B. Potter, Brian E. TI Application of a Mini Unmanned Aircraft System for In Situ Monitoring of Fire Plume Thermodynamic Properties SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELEASED MOISTURE; GRASS FIRE; DYNAMICS AB Direct measurements of wildland fire plume properties are rare because of difficult access to regions near the fire front and plume. Moisture released from combustion, in addition to added heat, can enhance buoyancy and convection, influencing fire behavior. In this study, a mini unmanned aircraft system (miniUAS) was used to obtain in situ measurements of temperature and relative humidity during a prescribed fire. The miniUAS was successfully maneuvered through the plume and its associated turbulence and provided observations of temperature and humidity profiles from near the centerline of the plume. Within the plume, the water vapor mixing ratio increased by 0.5-3.5 g kg(-1) ambient and was caused by the combustion of fuels. Potential temperature perturbations were on the order of 2-5 K. These results indicate that significant moisture and temperature enhancement can occur and may potentially modify convection dynamics of fire plumes. C1 [Kiefer, Caroline M.; Clements, Craig B.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Potter, Brian E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Clements, CB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM craig.clements@sjsu.edu FU USDA Pacific Northwest Research Station [07-JV-11261987-164]; San Jose State University [07-JV-11261987-164] FX This research is supported by a Joint Venture Research Agreement (07-JV-11261987-164) between the USDA Pacific Northwest Research Station and San Jose State University. We thank Mr. Richard Kear for volunteering to pilot and design the miniUAS. His extensive knowledge and help made this a successful project. We also thank the firefighters from Cal Fire Santa Clara Unit for conducting the prescribed burn and for accommodating our research objectives. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00112.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911WO UT WOS:000301754700001 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Vose, JM Michael, JL Reynolds, BC AF Knoepp, Jennifer D. Vose, James M. Michael, Jerry L. Reynolds, Barbara C. TI Imidacloprid Movement in Soils and Impacts on Soil Microarthropods in Southern Appalachian Eastern Hemlock Stands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WOOLLY ADELGID HOMOPTERA; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE; SORPTION; WATER; MOBILITY; ACARI; TIME AB Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide effective in controlling the exotic pest Adelges tsugae (hemlock woolly adelgid) in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) trees. Concerns over imidacloprid impacts on nontarget species have limited its application in southern Appalachian ecosystems. We quantified the movement and adsorption of imidacloprid in forest soils after soil injection in two sites at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina. Soils differed in profile depth, total carbon and nitrogen content, and effective cation exchange capacity. We injected imidacloprid 5 cm into mineral soil, 1.5 m from infested trees, using a Kioritz soil injector. We tracked the horizontal and vertical movement of imidacloprid by collecting soil solution and soil samples at 1 m, 2 m, and at the drip line from each tree periodically for 1 yr. Soil solution was collected 20 cm below the surface and just above the saprolite, and acetonitrile-extractable imidacloprid was determined through the profile. Soil solution and extractable imidacloprid concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Soil solution and extractable imidacloprid concentrations were greater in the site with greater soil organic matter. Imidacloprid moved vertically and horizontally in both sites; concentrations generally declined downward in the soil profile, but preferential flow paths allowed rapid vertical movement. Horizontal movement was limited, and imidacloprid did not move to the tree drip line. We found a negative relationship between adsorbed imidacloprid concentrations and soil microarthropod populations largely in the low-organic-matter site; however, population counts were similar to other studies at Coweeta. C1 [Knoepp, Jennifer D.; Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, SRS, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Michael, Jerry L.] US Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, SRS, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Reynolds, Barbara C.] Univ N Carolina, Dep Environm Studies, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Knoepp, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, SRS, USDA, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jknoepp@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, Forest Health and Protection, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; National Science Foundation [DEB-9632854, DEB-0218001] FX The authors thank Sheila Gregory, Neal Muldoon, and Matt Hutchens for their contributions in field plot establishment and sample collection; Cindi Brown and Carol Harper for soil chemical analyses; Joseph Fisher for imidacloprid determinations; and Chelcy Ford for assistance with site instrumentation and data logger programming. This project was funded by the U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, Forest Health and Protection, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, and the Coweeta LTER project funded by National Science Foundation grants DEB-9632854 and DEB-0218001. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0306 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899XY UT WOS:000300851200020 PM 22370410 ER PT J AU Gabriel, M Kolka, R Wickman, T Woodruff, L Nater, E AF Gabriel, Mark Kolka, Randy Wickman, Trent Woodruff, Laurel Nater, Ed TI Latent Effect of Soil Organic Matter Oxidation on Mercury Cycling within a Southern Boreal Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; METHYL MERCURY; FOREST-FIRE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NATIONAL-PARK; YELLOW PERCH; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; WATER CHEMISTRY; LAKES AB The focus of this study is to investigate processes causing the observed spatial variation of total mercury (THg) in the soil O horizon of watersheds within the Superior National Forest (Minnesota) and to determine if results have implications toward understanding long-term changes in THg concentrations for resident fish. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the spatial relationships of 42 chemical elements in three soil horizons over 10 watersheds. Results indicate that soil organic carbon is the primary factor controlling the spatial variation of certain metals (Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cu, and As) in the O and A soil horizons. In the B/E horizon, organic carbon appeared to play a minor role in metal spatial variation. These characteristics are consistent with the concentration of soil organic matter and carbon decreasing from the O to the B/E horizons. We also investigated the relationship between percent change in upland soil organic content and fish THg concentrations across all watersheds. Statistical regression analysis indicates that a 50% reduction in age-one and age-two fish THg concentration could result from an average 10% decrease in upland soil organic content. Disturbances that decrease the content of THg and organic matter in the O and A horizons (e. g., fire) may cause a short-term increase in atmospherically deposited mercury but, over the long term, may lead to decreased fish THg concentrations in affected watersheds. C1 [Gabriel, Mark; Nater, Ed] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kolka, Randy] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Wickman, Trent] Super Natl Forest, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. [Woodruff, Laurel] USGS, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Gabriel, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM marklive02@yahoo.com FU Joint Fire Sciences FX This research was accomplished through a collaborative agreement between the USGS (Mineral Resources Program, Reston, VA), USDA-FS (Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN and Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN), and the University of Minnesota (Department of Soil Water and Climate, St. Paul, MN). The authors thank Bill Cannon, Connie Dicken, John Horton, Jason Butcher, Ken Gebhardt, Jessica Wittwer, Emma Witt, Jodi Thielen, and Lindsey Peters for their field and analytical support. This research was funded by Joint Fire Sciences 2004-2, Local Research Needs. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0104 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899XY UT WOS:000300851200022 PM 22370412 ER PT J AU Guy, AC DeSutter, TM Casey, FXM Kolka, R Hakk, H AF Guy, A. C. DeSutter, T. M. Casey, F. X. M. Kolka, R. Hakk, H. TI Water Quality, Sediment, and Soil Characteristics near Fargo-Moorhead Urban Areas as Affected by Major Flooding of the Red River of the North SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINANTS; VEGETABLES; PHOSPHORUS; EXCHANGE; NUTRIENT; STREAMS; BASIN AB Spring flooding of the Red River of the North (RR) is common, but little information exits on how these flood events affect water and overbank sediment quality within an urban area. With the threat of the spring 2009 flood in the RR predicted to be the largest in recorded history and the concerns about the flooding of farmsteads, outbuildings, garages, and basements, the objectives of this study, which focused on Fargo, ND, and Moorhead, MN, were to assess floodwater quality and to determine the quantity and quality of overbank sediment deposited after floodwaters recede and the quality of soil underlying sediment deposits. 17 beta-Estradiol was detected in 9 of 24 water samples, with an average concentration of 0.61 ng L-1. Diesel-range organics were detected in 8 of 24 samples, with an average concentration of 80.0 mu g L-1. The deposition of sediment across locations and transects ranged from 2 to 10 kg m(-2), and the greatest mass deposition of chemicals was closest to the river channel. No gasoline-range organics were detected, but diesel-range organics were detected in 26 of the 27 overbank sediment samples (maximum concentration, 49.2 mg kg(-1)). All trace elements detected in the overbank sediments were within ranges for noncontaminated sites. Although flooding has economic, social, and environmental impacts, based on the results of this study, it does not appear that flooding in the RR in F-M led to decreased quality of water, sediment, or soil compared with normal river flows or resident soil. C1 [DeSutter, T. M.; Casey, F. X. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Guy, A. C.] Ft Berthold Community Coll, New Town, ND 58763 USA. [Kolka, R.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Hakk, H.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP DeSutter, TM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM thomas.desutter@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU National Science Foundation [0936065]; North Dakota Water Resource Research Institute FX The authors thank Kevin Horsager and Nathan Derby for technical support and Jay Leitch, Marie Hvidsten, Tom Moberg, and Fargo Parks and Recreation for providing access to the sampling areas. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and the North Dakota Water Resource Research Institute. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0936065. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 554 EP 563 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0358 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899XY UT WOS:000300851200028 PM 22370418 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Lizotte, RE Shields, FD Usborne, E AF Kroeger, Robert Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Usborne, Elizabeth TI Inundation Influences on Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Managed Wetland Sediments in Agricultural Landscapes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; DRAINAGE DITCHES; HYDROLOGICAL VARIABILITY; WASTE-WATER; RUNOFF; REMOVAL; RETENTION; PHOSPHATE; RELEASE AB Agricultural runoff carries high nutrient loads to receiving waters, contributing to eutrophication. Managed wetlands can be used in integrated management efforts to intercept nutrients before they enter downstream aquatic systems, but detailed information regarding sorption and desorption of P by wetland sediments during typical inundation cycles is lacking. This study seeks to quantify and elucidate how inundation of wetland sediments affects bioavailability of P and contributions of P to downstream systems. A managed wetland cell in Tunica County, Mississippi was subjected to a simulated agricultural runoff event and was monitored for bioavailable phosphorus (water-extractable P [P-w], Fe-P, and Al-P) of wetland sediments and water level during the runoff event and for 130 d afterward. Inundation varied longitudinally within the wetland, with data supporting significant temporal relationships between inundation and P-w desorption. Concentrations of P-w were significantly higher at the site that exhibited variable hydroperiods (100 m) as compared with sites under consistent inundation. This suggests that sites that are inundated for longer periods of time desorb less P-w immediately to the environment than sites that have periodic or ephemeral inundation. Concentrations of iron oxalate and NaOH-P were significantly higher at the least inundated site as compared with all other sites (F = 5.43; p = 0.001) irrespective of time. These results support the hypothesis that increased hydraulic residence time decreases the bioavailability of P in wetland sediments receiving agricultural runoff. This finding suggests that the restoration of wetlands in the mid-southern United States may be hydrologically managed to improve P retention. C1 [Kroeger, Robert; Usborne, Elizabeth] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dep Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu FU USDA-CSREES, Agricultural Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Soil Processes Unit [2009-65107-05832]; Mississippi Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station; Forest and Wildlife Research Center FX The authors thank support staff and scientists from the Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit at the National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS, for field help and sample and data analysis and graduate students from the Water Quality Lab at Mississippi State University for field help. This project was funded through a SEED Grant from USDA-CSREES, Agricultural Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Soil Processes Unit, #2009-65107-05832. This publication was supported by Mississippi Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station and the Forest and Wildlife Research Center. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 604 EP 614 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0251 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899XY UT WOS:000300851200032 PM 22370422 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF AF Spencer, David F. TI Response of Arundo donax L. (giant reed) to leaf damage and partial defoliation SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive plant; defoliation; photosynthesis; Arundo donax ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS; CLONAL INTEGRATION; HERBIVORY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PROPAGATION; GRASSLAND; BIOMASS; RAMETS; PLANT AB Arundo donax (giant reed) is a tall clonal invasive grass which has impacted many riparian ecosystems in the US. Experiments tested the hypotheses (1) that defoliation would affect A. donax stem growth and leaf production and (2) that leaf damage or removal would influence A. donax photosynthetic rates using a combination of field and laboratory settings. Leaf defoliation did not affect the height of stems or the number of leaves per stem for plants growing at a field site. Leaf damage did not influence the electron transport rate (ETR) for damaged or adjacent leaves, and defoliated stems maintained ETR which were similar to those of undamaged leaves. These findings suggest that moderate to low levels of leaf damage and/or defoliation alone may not significantly influence growth of A. donax stems and leaves and, therefore, may not reduce A. donax persistence in a particular habitat. Further, these results provide a benchmark against which to judge the effects of management approaches which affect A. donax shoots. C1 ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, MS 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dfspencer@ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.615523 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911YC UT WOS:000301759600007 ER PT J AU Bennett, VJ Smith, WP Betts, MG AF Bennett, Victoria J. Smith, Winston P. Betts, Matthew G. TI Evidence for Mate Guarding Behavior in the Taylor's Checkerspot Butterfly SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Euphydryas editha taylori; mating systems; pre-copulatory mate guarding; protandry; sexual selection ID LOCATING BEHAVIOR; EUPHYDRYAS-EDITHA; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; LETHE-DIANA; LEPIDOPTERA; EVOLUTION; NYMPHALIDAE; SPHRAGIS; PAPILIONIDAE; LYCAENIDAE AB Discerning the intricacies of mating systems in butterflies can be difficult, particularly when multiple mating strategies are employed and are cryptic and not exclusive. We observed the behavior and habitat use of 113 male Taylor's checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas editha taylori). We confirmed that two distinct mating strategies were exhibited; patrolling and perching. These strategies varied temporally in relation to the protandrous mating system employed. Among perching males, we recorded high site fidelity and aggressive defense of small (<5 m(2)) territories. This territoriality was not clearly a function of classic or non-classic resource defense (i.e., host plants or landscape), but rather appeared to constitute guarding of female pupae (virgin females). This discrete behavior is previously undocumented for this species and has rarely been observed in butterflies. C1 [Bennett, Victoria J.; Betts, Matthew G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smith, Winston P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Bennett, VJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tory.bennett@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State University; National Geographic/Waitt Fund; Benton County Natural Areas and Parks in Oregon; Olympic National Forest, USDA Forest Service in Washington FX We thank Oregon State University's General Research Fund for supporting this project and the National Geographic/Waitt Fund for supporting and funding additional data collection. Special thanks to Al Kitzman, superintendent of Benton County Natural Areas and Parks in Oregon and, Karen Holtrop and Susan Piper of the Olympic National Forest, USDA Forest Service in Washington for providing the opportunity, supporting and encouraging our research on the Taylor's checkerspot carried out at their sites. Many thanks to Shalynn Pack, Maria Rocco, Diana Raper, Katelynn Karch, Aaron McAlexander, James Lafferty, Susan Shirley, and Yuon Han for providing much needed assistance in data collection. Additional thanks to Ann Potter, Diana Raper, and Karen Holtrop for providing feedback on manuscript drafts. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10905-011-9289-1 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 912IN UT WOS:000301790600008 ER PT J AU Little, NS Riggins, JJ Schultz, TP Londo, AJ Ulyshen, MD AF Little, Nathan S. Riggins, John J. Schultz, Tor P. Londo, Andrew J. Ulyshen, Michael D. TI Feeding Preference of Native Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae: Reticulitermes) for Wood Containing Bark Beetle Pheromones and Blue-Stain Fungi SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; blue-stained sapwood; endo-brevicomin; frontalin; subterranean termites ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; NITROGEN-FIXATION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; LODGEPOLE PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; ASSOCIATION; SANTONENSIS AB Surprisingly little research has been conducted to investigate interactions between subterranean termites and bark beetles. Facilitative interactions between these organisms could easily alter stand dynamics and impact wood utilization strategies. A series of American Wood Protection Association Standard E1-09 "choice tests" were carried out to determine the feeding preference of Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) for blue-stained sapwood and sapwood impregnated with various bark beetle pheromones. Reticulitermes flavipes exhibited a feeding preference for both air-dried and kiln-dried blue-stained sapwood, unstained sapwood treated with frontalin, and air-dried blue-stained sapwood treated with a 0.02% solution of both frontalin and endo-brevicomin. The implications of these results are far reaching, with particular relevance to forest health, ecology, and utilization. C1 [Little, Nathan S.; Riggins, John J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Schultz, Tor P.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Londo, Andrew J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Ulyshen, Michael D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Little, NS (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Box 9775, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM nathanlittle.msu@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection and Southern Research Station; Mississippi Forestry Commission FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection and Southern Research Station, and the Mississippi Forestry Commission. The authors would like to thank Southeastern Timber Products of Ackerman, MS, for donating the lumber for this project. This manuscript was approved for publication as journal article No. J-11958 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10905-011-9293-5 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 912IN UT WOS:000301790600009 ER PT J AU Rochon, K Scoles, GA Lysyk, TJ AF Rochon, K. Scoles, G. A. Lysyk, T. J. TI Dispersion and Sampling of Adult Dermacentor andersoni in Rangeland in Western North America SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermacentor andersoni; dispersion; sampling; negative binomial ID IXODES-PACIFICUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS; LYME-DISEASE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; POPULATIONS; TICK; NYMPHS AB A fixed precision sampling plan was developed for off-host populations of adult Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Stiles) based on data collected by dragging at 13 locations in Alberta, Canada; Washington; and Oregon. In total, 222 site-date combinations were sampled. Each site-date combination was considered a sample, and each sample ranged in size from 86 to 250 10 m(2) quadrats. Analysis of simulated quadrats ranging in size from 10 to 50 m(2) indicated that the most precise sample unit was the 10 m(2) quadrat. Samples taken when abundance <0.04 ticks per 10 m(2) were more likely to not depart significantly from statistical randomness than samples taken when abundance was greater. Data were grouped into ten abundance classes and assessed for fit to the Poisson and negative binomial distributions. The Poisson distribution fit only data in abundance classes <0.02 ticks per 10 m(2), while the negative binomial distribution fit data from all abundance classes. A negative binomial distribution with common k = 0.3742 fit data in eight of the 10 abundance classes. Both the Taylor and Iwao mean-variance relationships were fit and used to predict sample sizes for a fixed level of precision. Sample sizes predicted using the Taylor model tended to underestimate actual sample sizes, while sample sizes estimated using the Iwao model tended to overestimate actual sample sizes. Using a negative binomial with common k provided estimates of required sample sizes closest to empirically calculated sample sizes. C1 [Rochon, K.; Lysyk, T. J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Scoles, G. A.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lysyk, TJ (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge Res Ctr, POB 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM tim.lysyk@agr.gc.ca OI Rochon, Kateryn/0000-0002-1436-3692 FU Beef Cattle Research Council; Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency; USDA-ARS CRIS [5348-32000-027-00D] FX The authors are grateful to C. Himsl-Rayner, R. C. Lancaster, and K. Toohey Lethbridge Research Centre, and K. Mason, USDA Pullman for expert technical assistance. Appreciation is also extended to Parks Canada for permission to sample at the montane sites in Alberta. This work was supported by grants from the Beef Cattle Research Council, the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, and USDA-ARS CRIS Project no. 5348-32000-027-00D. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 38 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1603/ME11160 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907VE UT WOS:000301446400004 PM 22493841 ER PT J AU Doud, CW Taylor, DB Zurek, L AF Doud, C. W. Taylor, D. B. Zurek, L. TI Dewatered Sewage Biosolids Provide a Productive Larval Habitat for Stable Flies and House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wastewater treatment facility; biosludge; Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans ID EASTERN NEBRASKA; FLY DIPTERA; DEVELOPMENTAL SITES; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; FEEDING SITES; DAIRIES; CATTLE; DISPERSAL; PASTURES; FEEDLOTS AB Species diversity and seasonal abundance of muscoid flies (Diptera: Muscidae) developing in biosolid cake (dewatered biosolids) stored at a wastewater treatment facility in northeastern Kansas were evaluated. Emergence traps were deployed 19 May through 20 October 2009 (22 wk) and 27 May through 18 November 2010 (25 wk). In total, 11,349 muscoid flies were collected emerging from the biosolid cake. Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) and house flies (Musca domestica (L.)), represented 80 and 18% of the muscoid flies, respectively. An estimated 550 stable flies and 220 house flies per square-meter of surface area developed in the biosolid cake annually producing 450,000 stable flies and 175,000 house flies. Stable fly emergence was seasonally bimodal with a primary peak in mid-July and a secondary peak in late August. House fly emergence peaked with the first stable fly emergence peak and then declined gradually for the remainder of the year. House flies tended to emerge from the biosolid cake sooner after its deposition than did stable flies. In addition, house fly emergence was concentrated around midsummer whereas stable fly emergence began earlier in the spring and continued later into the fall. Biosolid age and temperature were the most important parameters affecting emergence for house flies and stable flies, whereas precipitation was not important for either species. This study highlights the importance of biosolid cake as a larval developmental habitat for stable flies and house flies. C1 [Zurek, L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Doud, C. W.; Zurek, L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Taylor, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Taylor, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zurek, L (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM lzurek@ksu.edu RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 FU USDA [S1030] FX We thank Greg Zolnerowich (KSU) and Jade Savage (Bishop's University) for their assistance with fly identification. This study was supported by the USDA grant for the Multi-state Research Program S1030, contribution no. 12-219-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1603/ME11158 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907VE UT WOS:000301446400008 PM 22493845 ER PT J AU Chaudhury, MF Sagel, A Skoda, SR AF Chaudhury, M. F. Sagel, A. Skoda, S. R. TI Evaluation of Artificial Larval Rearing Media Waste as Oviposition Attractant for New World Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cochliomyia hominivorax; artificial diet; egg production; spent diet ID BOVINE BLOOD; FLIES; BACTERIA; BEHAVIOR; FLY; OLFACTOMETER; TEMPERATURE; INFUSIONS; RESPONSES; WOUNDS AB The waste artificial larval rearing media of New World screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were evaluated to determine their effectiveness as oviposition attractants. Various concentrations of waste larval media resulting from rearing screwworm larvae in gel and cellulose fiber-based artificial diets tested over a 4-wk period attracted varying number of gravid screwworm flies to oviposit. Three-day-old waste medium with concentrations of 10 and 25% were most attractive to gravid female flies for oviposition and resulted in the most oviposition. One and 7-d-old wastes at all concentrations were less attractive for oviposition than the 3d-old media. The fresh (0-d-old), 14-d- and 28-d-old waste media were the least attractive substrates for oviposition. The waste from the cellulose fiber-based diet resulted in significantly more oviposition compared with waste from the gel-based diet. Microorganisms growing in the waste media probably produce metabolites that attract gravid screwworm flies to oviposit. Use of the waste products of appropriate age and dilution as oviposition substrates would enhance oviposition in mass production colony cages. C1 [Chaudhury, M. F.] ARS, USDA, SRU, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sagel, A.] ARS, USDA, SRU, Pacora, Panama. [Skoda, S. R.] ARS, USDA, SRU, KBUSLIRL, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Chaudhury, MF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRU, 137 Keim Hall,UNL E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM muhammad.chaudhury@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1603/ME11194 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907VE UT WOS:000301446400009 PM 22493846 ER PT J AU Racelis, AE Davey, RB Goolsby, JA De Leon, AAP Varner, K Duhaime, R AF Racelis, A. E. Davey, R. B. Goolsby, J. A. De Leon, A. A. Perez Varner, K. Duhaime, R. TI Facilitative Ecological Interactions Between Invasive Species: Arundo donax Stands as Favorable Habitat for Cattle Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Along the US-Mexico Border SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE babesiosis; cattle; Rio Grande; giant reed; non-native ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; GIANT REED; RHIPICEPHALUS-APPENDICULATUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SATELLITE IMAGERY; FIELD CONDITIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SOUTH-TEXAS; ERADICATION AB The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. is a key vector of protozoa that cause bovine babesiosis. Largely eradicated from most of the United States, the cattle tick continues to infest south Texas, and recent outbreaks in this area may signal a resurgence of cattle tick populations despite current management efforts. An improved understanding of the dynamic ecology of cattle fever ticks along the U.S.-Mexico border is required to devise strategies for sustainable eradication efforts. Management areas of the cattle tick overlap considerably with dense, wide infestations of the non-native, invasive grass known as giant reed (Arundo donax L.). Here we show that stands of giant reed are associated with abiotic and biotic conditions that are favorable to tick survival, especially when compared with other nearby habitats (open pastures of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) and closed canopy native forests). Overhead canopies in giant reed stands and native riparian forests reduce daily high temperature, which was the best abiotic predictor of oviposition by engorged females. In sites where temperatures were extreme, specifically open grasslands, fewer females laid eggs and the resulting egg masses were smaller. Pitfall trap collections of ground dwelling arthropods suggest a low potential for natural suppression of tick populations in giant reed stands. The finding that A. donax infestations present environmental conditions that facilitate the survival and persistence of cattle ticks, as well or better than native riparian habitats and open grasslands, represents an alarming complication for cattle fever tick management in the United States. C1 [Racelis, A. E.; Goolsby, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Davey, R. B.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [De Leon, A. A. Perez] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Varner, K.; Duhaime, R.] Vet Serv, USDA, APHIS, Austin, TX 78701 USA. RP Racelis, AE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM alex.racelis@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.1603/ME11104 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907VE UT WOS:000301446400024 PM 22493861 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH Xiang, WN AF Gobster, Paul H. Xiang, Wei-Ning TI Progress and prospects SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gobster, Paul H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Xiang, Wei-Ning] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol & Sustainabil, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM pgobster@gmail.com; wnxiang@mail.ecnu.edu.cn RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.01.010 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913JU UT WOS:000301874600002 ER PT J AU El-Hattab, AW Emrick, L Hsu, JWC Jahoor, F Scaglia, F Craigen, W AF El-Hattab, Ayman W. Emrick, Lisa Hsu, Jean W. C. Jahoor, Farook Scaglia, Fernando Craigen, William TI Glucose kinetics in subjects with MELAS syndrome: Interim results SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Inherited-Metabolic-Disorders (SIMD) CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2012 CL Charlotte, NC SP Soc Inherited Metabol Disorders (SIMD), Abbott Nutr (Abbott Metabol), Pfizer Inc, Shire, Actel Pharmaceut (ACTELION), Cytonet LLC, GeneDx, Genzyme, Hyper Therapeut, Inc, Mead Johnson Nutr, Orphan Europe Recordati Grp, Rare Dis Therapeut, Inc, Ucyclyd Pharma, Vitaflo, Appl Nutr Corp, ARUP Labs, BioMarin Pharmaceut, Inc, Cambrooke Foods, Inc, Emory Genet Lab, Hitachi High Technol Amer, Inc, Prevent Genet, Transgenom, Inc, Canadian PKU & Allied Disorders Inc, Natl PKU Alliance, Natl Urea Cycle Disorders Fdn, Propion Acidemia Fdn, United Mitochondrial Dis Fdn C1 [El-Hattab, Ayman W.] Univ Missouri Hlth Care, Dept Child Hlth, Div Med Genet, Columbia, MO USA. [Emrick, Lisa; Scaglia, Fernando; Craigen, William] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hsu, Jean W. C.; Jahoor, Farook] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 3 BP 314 EP 315 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 913VV UT WOS:000301906400061 ER PT J AU Kruys, A Castlebury, LA AF Kruys, Asa Castlebury, Lisa A. TI Molecular phylogeny of Sydowiellaceae-resolving the position of Cainiella SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE alpine; Ascomycota; Diaporthales; DNA-sequences; Fungi; Sordariales; systematics ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; MICRO-FUNGI; DIAPORTHALES; AMPLIFICATION; PRIMERS; IDENTIFICATION; CONFIDENCE; ASCOMYCOTA; INFERENCE AB Cainiella is an ascomycete genus associated with arctic alpine plants. The systematic position of Cainiella has long been unclear, with current classifications placing the genus in either Sordariales or Xylariales. Our molecular results, based on mtSSU, ITS and nUSU rDNA data, clearly show that the genus belongs in the Sydowiellaceae (Diaporthales). The study also includes new sequences of Sydowiellaceae and contributes to a better knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of that family. C1 [Kruys, Asa] Uppsala Univ, Dept Organismal Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Castlebury, Lisa A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kruys, A (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Organismal Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. EM asa.kruys@ebc.uu.se FU Swedish Taxonomy Initiative [dha 34/07 1.4]; Helge Ax:son Johnson foundation FX We thank Amy Rossman for fruitful comments on this manuscript. We thank Stefan Ekman, Thomas Lassoe and Jens H. Petersen for the loan of a microscope with camera and Andrzej Chlebicki for letting us use his images (FIG. 4A, F). Thanks also to Sven-Ove Nyberg for excellent help in the field. This study is financed by the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (dha 34/07 1.4) and the Helge Ax:son Johnson foundation. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.3852/11-163 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 911ZB UT WOS:000301762100009 PM 22075786 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Humber, RA Geiser, DM Kang, S Park, B Robert, VARG Crous, PW Johnston, PR Aoki, T Rooney, AP Rehner, SA AF O'Donnell, Kerry Humber, Richard A. Geiser, David M. Kang, Seogchan Park, Bongsoo Robert, Vincent A. R. G. Crous, Pedro W. Johnston, Peter R. Aoki, Takayuki Rooney, Alejandro P. Rehner, Stephen A. TI Phylogenetic diversity of insecticolous fusaria inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data and their molecular identification via FUSARIUM-ID and Fusarium MLST SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; DNA sequence; EF-1 alpha; GCPSR; RPB2; species limits ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; GENE GENEALOGIES; CONTACT-LENS; FUNGI; EVOLUTION; SOLANI; RECOGNITION; MODEL; RPB2 AB We constructed several multilocus DNA sequence datasets to assess the phylogenedc diversity of insecticolous fusaria, especially focusing on those housed at the Agricultural Research Service Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungi (ARSEF), and to aid molecular identifications of unknowns via the FUSARIUM-ID and Fusarium MLST online databases and analysis packages. Analyses of a 190-taxon, two-locus dataset, which included 159 isolates from insects, indicated that: (i) insect-associated fusaria were nested within 10 species complexes spanning the phylogenetic breadth of Fusarium, (ii) novel, putatively unnamed insecticolous species were nested within 8/10 species complexes and (iii) Latin binomials could be applied with confidence to only 18/58 phylogenetically distinct fusaria associated with pest insects. Phylogenetic analyses of an 82-taxon, three-locus dataset nearly fully resolved evolutionary relationships among the 10 clacks containing insecticolons fusaria. Multilocus typing of isolates within four species complexes identified surprisingly high genetic diversity in that 63/65 of the fusaria typed represented newly discovered haplotypes. The DNA sequence data, together with corrected ABI sequence chromatograms and alignments, have been uploaded to the following websites dedicated to identifying fusaria: FUSARIUM-ID (http://isolate.fusariumdb.org) at Pennsylvania State University's Department of Plant Pathology and Fusarium MLST (http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/fusarium) at the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS-KNAW) Fungal Biodiyersity Center. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Humber, Richard A.] ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Geiser, David M.; Kang, Seogchan; Park, Bongsoo] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Robert, Vincent A. R. G.; Crous, Pedro W.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Johnston, Peter R.] ICMP, Auckland, New Zealand. [Aoki, Takayuki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, NIAS Genbank MAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rehner, Stephen A.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; NR 64 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 31 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 427 EP 445 DI 10.3852/11-179 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 911ZB UT WOS:000301762100010 PM 22086911 ER PT J AU Taskin, H Buyukalaca, S Hansen, K O'Donnell, K AF Taskin, Hatira Buyukalaca, Saadet Hansen, Karen O'Donnell, Kerry TI Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of true morels (Morchella) reveals high levels of endemics in Turkey relative to other regions of Europe SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; conservation biology; DNA sequence; EF-1 alpha; GCPSR; ITS rDNA; LSU rDNA; RPB1; RPB2; species limits ID HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; SEQUENCES; ASCOMYCOTA; EVOLUTION; FUNGI; RPB2; AGARICALES AB The present study was conducted to better understand how the phylogenetic diversity of true morels (Morchella) in Turkey compares with species found in other regions of the world. The current research builds on our recently published surveys of 10 Turkish provinces and the northern hemisphere in which DNA sequence data from 247 and 562 collections respectively were analyzed phylogenetically. Herein we report on phylogenetic analyses of 243 additional collections made in spring 2009 and 2010 from eight additional provinces in the Aegean, Black Sea, central Anatolia, eastern Anatolia and Marmara regions of Turkey. Our analysis revealed that five species within the Esculenta clade (yellow morels) and 15 species within the Elata clade (black morels) were present in Turkey. Our preliminary results also indicate that M anatolica, recently described from a collection in Mugla province in the Aegean region of Turkey, is a closely related sister of M. rufobrunnea; these two species comprise a separate evolutionary lineage from the Esculenta and Elata clades. Nine species of Morchella currently are known only from Turkey, four species were present in Turkey and other European countries and seven species might have been introduced to Turkey anthropogenically. Three of the putatively exotic species in Turkey appear to be endemic to western North America; they are nested within a clade of fire-adapted morels that dates to the late Oligocene, 25 000 000 y ago. Our results indicate that there are roughly twice as many Morchella species in Turkey compared with the other regions of Europe sampled. Knowledge of Morchella species diversity and their biogeographic distribution are crucial for formulating informed conservation policies directed at preventing species loss and ensuring that annual morel harvests are sustainable and ecologically sound. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Taskin, Hatira; Buyukalaca, Saadet] Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Hansen, Karen] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov FU Council of Higher Education (YOK); Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Cukurova University's Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office [CU-BAP-ZE2009D41]; NCAUR, Peoria, Illinois FX Special thanks are due the Council of Higher Education (YOK), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and Cukurova University's Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office (CU-BAP-ZE2009D41) for supporting the studies of FIT at NCAUR, Peoria, Illinois. Thanks also are due Kew for loan of the isotype Of Morchella anatolica. We also thank Stacy Sink for excellent technical assistance and Nathane Orwig for running the DNA sequencing reactions in NCAUR's DNA core facility. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 104 IS 2 BP 446 EP 461 DI 10.3852/11-180 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 911ZB UT WOS:000301762100011 PM 22123659 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Kibblewhite, RE Wagschal, K Li, RP Orts, WJ AF Lee, Charles C. Kibblewhite, Rena E. Wagschal, Kurt Li, Ruiping Orts, William J. TI Isolation of alpha-Glucuronidase Enzyme from a Rumen Metagenomic Library SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alpha-Glucuronidase; Rumen; Metagenome; Library screening; Hemicellulose ID BACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS T-6; FIBER CORCHORUS-CAPSULARIS; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESTER LINKAGE; LIGNIN; FAMILY; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; BACTERIUM AB alpha-Glucuronidase enzymes play an essential role in the full enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Up to this point, all genes encoding alpha-glucuronidase enzymes have been cloned from individual, pure culture strains. Using a high-throughput screening strategy, we have isolated the first alpha-glucuronidase gene (rum630-AG) from a mixed population of microorganisms. The gene was subcloned into a prokaryotic vector, and the enzyme was overexpressed and biochemically characterized. The RUM630-AG enzyme had optimum activity at pH 6.5 and 40 A degrees C. When birchwood xylan was used as substrate, the RUM630-AG functioned synergistically with an endoxylanase enzyme to hydrolyze the substrate. C1 [Lee, Charles C.; Kibblewhite, Rena E.; Wagschal, Kurt; Orts, William J.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Li, Ruiping] China Three Gorges Univ, Engn Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Three Gorges Reservoir R, Minist Educ, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Charles.Lee@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s10930-012-9391-z PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 913LP UT WOS:000301879700002 PM 22307653 ER PT J AU Moczygemba, JD Hewitt, DG Campbell, TA Ortega, JA Feild, J Hellickson, MW AF Moczygemba, Jonathan D. Hewitt, David G. Campbell, Tyler A. Ortega-S, J. Alfonso Feild, Justin Hellickson, Mickey W. TI HOME RANGES OF THE NILGAI ANTELOPE (BOSELAPHUS TRAGOCAMELUS) IN TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TICKS ACARI IXODIDAE; SOUTHERN TEXAS; ARTIODACTYLA; CATTLE AB Information related to home ranges of the nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) was needed to estimate spread of cattle-fever ticks (Riphicephalus microplus and R. annulatus) and to develop management protocols. We captured, placed telemetry collars on, and monitored 10 male and 12 female nilgai antelopes during February 2006-May 2008. We detected no difference between size of home ranges of males and females and determined maximum axes of home ranges of 16.3 and 13.8 km, respectively. The combination of large home ranges and large axes of home range indicates that if cattle-fever ticks are being maintained on nilgai antelopes, then the area in which these antelopes may spread ticks is great. C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Moczygemba, Jonathan D.; Hewitt, David G.; Ortega-S, J. Alfonso] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Feild, Justin; Hellickson, Mickey W.] King Ranch Inc, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov FU King Ranch Incorporated; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service FX Research was funded in part by the San Chicago and Tin Moya leases of King Ranch Incorporated and the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services Program. We appreciate D. Long, J. Lozano, F. Nieto, E. Redeker, D. Rios, A. Windham, King Ranch Incorporated, and El Sauz Ranch for logistical support and access to properties. We thank J. Delgado-Acevedo for translating the abstract to Spanish. Our mention of commercial products herein is for identification purposes and does not constitute endorsement or censure by the United States Department of Agriculture. This is contribution 10-117 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911CJ UT WOS:000301694600004 ER PT J AU Eifler, DA Eifler, MA Brown, TK AF Eifler, Douglas A. Eifler, Maria A. Brown, Tracey K. TI HABITAT SELECTION BY FORAGING TEXAS HORNED LIZARDS, PHRYNOSOMA CORNUTUM SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PREY; ANT; POGONOMYRMEX; BEHAVIOR; PREDATOR; ECOLOGY; DESERT; DIET AB The Texas horned lizard, Phrynosoma cornutum, feeds primarily on harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex) across much of its range. We quantified behavior of P. cornutum foraging on Pogonomyrmex relative to habitat. and time. For the duration of their morning activity, 14 lizards were observed; we determined their use of habitat. and location of ants that were captured. Lizards spent most of their time under vegetation; the type of vegetation used varied throughout the morning. Most feeding took place in the open and involved ants dispersed away from colonies. When feeding under vegetation, most feeding took place under mesquites (Prosopis), and location of mesquites under which lizards fed was nonrandom with respect to distance from entrances to colonies of ants. Feeding at entrances to colonies was restricted to a shorter period of the morning than feeding on dispersed ants. Males and females differed in use of habitat and in foraging behavior, with males more likely to feed in the open and to feed at entrances of colonies than females. C1 [Eifler, Douglas A.] Haskell Indian Nations Univ, Nat Resources Liasons Off, USDA, Forest Serv, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. [Eifler, Maria A.] Erell Inst, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Brown, Tracey K.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. RP Eifler, DA (reprint author), Haskell Indian Nations Univ, Nat Resources Liasons Off, USDA, Forest Serv, Box 5018,155 Indian Ave, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. EM deifler@erellinstitute.org FU EarthWatch; Durfee Foundation; Southwestern Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History FX We thank K. Bott, G. Close, S. Hernandez, N. Jordi, V. Morris, and A. Pilyavskaya for assistance with fieldwork. We thank R. Green for allowing this study to be conducted on his land. Support was provided by EarthWatch, the Durfee Foundation, and the Southwestern Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 40 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911CJ UT WOS:000301694600006 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, Andrew K. TI Porcine circovirus: Transcription and DNA replication SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Porcine circovirus; Rolling-circle DNA replication ID ROLLING-CIRCLE REPLICATION; INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCE; STEM-LOOP STRUCTURE; ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS; VIRAL PROTEIN; CAPSID GENE; IN-VITRO; ILLEGITIMATE RECOMBINATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; NONPATHOGENIC PCV1 AB This review summarizes the molecular studies pertaining to porcine circovirus (PCV) transcription and DNA replication. The genome of PCV is circular, single-stranded DNA and contains 1759-1768 nucleotides. Both the genome-strand (packaged in the virus particle) and the complementary-strand (synthesized in the new host) encode viral proteins. Among a multitude of RNAs synthesized by alternate splicing, only rep and rep' are essential for virus DNA replication via the rolling-circle replication (RCR) mechanism. In contrast to other RCR biological systems which utilize only one multi-functional protein, Rep, to replicate their respective genomes, PCV requires two proteins, Rep and Rep'. During DNA synthesis, the PCV origin of DNA replication (Ori), which contains a pair of inverted repeats (palindrome), exists in a destabilized four-stranded configuration (the melting-pot model) and permits both the palindromic-strand and the complementary-strand to serve as templates simultaneously for initiation and termination. Inherent in the "melting-pot" model is the template-strand-switching mechanism. This mechanism is the basis for the "correction or conversion" of any mutated nucleotide sequences engineered into either arm of the palindrome and the incorporation of "illegitimate recombination" (addition or deletion of nucleotides) events that are commonly observed at the Ori of other RCR biological systems during DNA replication. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cheung, Andrew K.] ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM andrew.cheung@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 164 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.10.012 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 910KN UT WOS:000301635700007 PM 22036834 ER PT J AU Colt, J Watten, B Pfeiffer, T AF Colt, John Watten, Barnaby Pfeiffer, Tim TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture. Part 1: Terminology and reporting SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide stripping; Carbonate chemisty; Standardized reporting ID WATER-QUALITY; REUSE SYSTEMS; PH; SEAWATER; CULTURE; SOLUBILITY; ALKALINITY; PHYSIOLOGY; TITRATION; AERATION AB The removal of carbon dioxide gas in aquacultural systems is much more complex than for oxygen or nitrogen gas because of liquid reactions of carbon dioxide and their kinetics. Almost all published carbon dioxide removal information for aquaculture is based on the apparent removal value after the CO2(aq)+ HOH double left right arrow H2CO3 reaction has reached equilibrium. The true carbon dioxide removal is larger than the apparent value, especially for high alkalinities and seawater. For low alkalinity freshwaters (< 2000 mu eq/kg), the difference between the true and apparent removal is small and can be ignored for many applications. Analytical and reporting standards are recommended to improve our understanding of carbon dioxide removal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant No. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.008 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 910KQ UT WOS:000301636000004 ER PT J AU Colt, J Watten, B Pfeiffer, T AF Colt, John Watten, Barnaby Pfeiffer, Tim TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture - Part II: Development of gas transfer models SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mass transfer; Gas transfer models; Carbon dioxide stripping ID AERATION SYSTEMS; REUSE SYSTEMS; FISH TANKS; ABSORPTION; PH AB The basic mass transfer equation for gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can be derived from integration of the driving force equation. Because of the physical characteristics of the gas transfer processes, slightly different models are used for aerators tested under the non steady-state procedures, than for packed columns, or weirs. It is suggested that the standard condition for carbon dioxide should be 20 degrees C, 1 atm, C-CO2 = 20 mg/kg, and X-CO2 = 0.000285. The selection of the standard condition for carbon dioxide based on a fixed mole fraction ensures that standardized carbon dioxide transfer rates will be comparable even though the value of C*(CO2) in the atmosphere is increasing with time. The computation of mass transfer for carbon dioxide is complicated by the impact of water depth and gas phase enrichment on the saturation concentration within the unit, although the importance of either factor depends strongly on the specific type of aerator. For some types of aerators, the most accurate gas phase model remains to be determined for carbon dioxide. The assumption that carbon dioxide can be treated as a non-reactive gas in packed columns may apply for cold acidic waters but not for warm alkaline waters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.002 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 910KQ UT WOS:000301636000005 ER PT J AU Colt, J Watten, B Pfeiffer, T AF Colt, John Watten, Barnaby Pfeiffer, Tim TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture - Part III: Model verification SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide stripping; Gas transfer models; Carbon dioxide saturation models ID SULFITE OXIDATION; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; CONSTANTS; OXYGEN; WATER; ACID AB Based on conventional mass transfer models developed for oxygen, the use of the non-linear ASCE method, 2-point method, and one parameter linear-regression method were evaluated for carbon dioxide stripping data. For values of K(L)a(CO2) < approximately 1.5/h, the 2-point or ASCE method are a good fit to experimental data, but the fit breaks down at higher values of K(L)a(CO2). How to correct K(L)a(CO2) for gas phase enrichment remains to be determined. The one-parameter linear regression model was used to vary the C*(CO2) over the test, but it did not result in a better fit to the experimental data when compared to the ASCE or fixed C*(CO2) assumptions. For the packed column, the conventional mass transfer equation assumes that C*(CO2) is a constant within the column while the variable model assumes that C*(CO2) changes. When the column is divided into a large number of segments (300-500), the two models give comparable results because the change in mole fraction across an individual segment is small. For a smaller number of segments, the variable model is more accurate than the conventional model. K-20(CO2) values need to be computed from the variable mass transfer model because of the large change in mole fraction across the entire column. The variability of K-20(CO2) is reduced when the kinetics are slow (low pH and temperature). Future experimental work should start in this region and move toward faster kinetics (higher pH and temperature). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.007 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 910KQ UT WOS:000301636000006 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Sax, DF Qian, H Early, R AF Guo, Qinfeng Sax, Dov F. Qian, Hong Early, Regan TI Latitudinal shifts of introduced species: possible causes and implications SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Invasion potential; Land use; Niche; Risk assessment; Species range ID NORTH-AMERICA; PLANT INVASIONS; CLIMATIC NICHE; EXOTIC PLANTS; EASTERN ASIA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; RANGES; BIODIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; POPULATIONS AB This study aims to document shifts in the latitudinal distributions of non-native species relative to their own native distributions and to discuss possible causes and implications of these shifts. We used published and newly compiled data on inter-continentally introduced birds, mammals and plants. We found strong correlations between the latitudinal distributions occupied by species in their native and exotic ranges. However, relatively more non-native species occur at latitudes higher than those in their native ranges, and fewer occur at latitudes lower than those in their native ranges. Only a small fraction of species examined (i.e. < 20% of animals and < 10% of plants) have expanded their distributions in their exotic range beyond both high- and low-limits of their native latitudes. Birds, mammals and plants tended to shift their exotic ranges in similar ways. In addition, most non-native species (65-85% in different groups) have not reached the distributional extent observed in their native ranges. The possible drivers of latitudinal shifts in the exotic range may include climate change, greater biotic resistance at lower latitudes, historical limitations on ranges in native regions, and the impacts of humans on species distributions. The relatively restricted distribution of most species in their exotic range highlights the great potential of future spread of most introduced species and calls for closely monitoring their directional spread under climate change. C1 [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Sax, Dov F.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Qian, Hong] Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Early, Regan] Univ Evora, Catedra Rui Nabeiro Biodiversidade, P-7000890 Evora, Portugal. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM qguo@fs.fed.us OI Early, Regan/0000-0003-4108-5904 FU NSF [DEB-0640058]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA); Brown University FX We thank D. Currie, E. Fleishman, J. Lockwood, S. Norman, D. Richardson, and R. E. Ricklefs for helpful comments, and Jun Wen for advices on statistical analysis. This work is supported by NSF (DEB-0640058), the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Brown University. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0094-8 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907UT UT WOS:000301445100006 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF Birken, AS Cooper, DJ AF Gaskin, John F. Birken, Adam S. Cooper, David J. TI Levels of novel hybridization in the saltcedar invasion compared over seven decades SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Saltcedar; Tamarix; Hybridization; Invasion ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; COMMON REED; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE; MARKERS; INTROGRESSION; INVASIVENESS AB Hybridization is proposed as one process that can enhance a plant species' invasive ability. We quantified the levels of hybridization of 180 saltcedar plants (Tamarix spp.) of varying ages that span the history of an invasion along the Green River, Utah, USA. Plants ranging in establishment dates from 1930s to 2004 were analyzed using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms. All plants sampled, even those established before the Green River saltcedars were numerous, were assigned as hybrids, not as parental types that are still found in more extreme southern and northern latitudes in the USA. Our collections either did not capture the earliest parental types, parental types have failed to persist, or the first introductions to the Green River were already hybrids. In any case, it appears that hybrids have been a dominant part of this local invasion history, from establishment through invasion spread stages. C1 [Gaskin, John F.] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Birken, Adam S.; Cooper, David J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Birken, Adam S.; Cooper, David J.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM john.gaskin@ars.usda.gov RI Birken, Adam/D-4979-2013; OI Birken, Adam/0000-0002-5836-4419; Gaskin, John/0000-0001-7338-3880 FU National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration [6663-99]; Bureau of Land Management (Utah, Montana, South and North Dakota); U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2000-00836]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado River Regional Office FX We thank George Yatskievych, and others for donating Asian plant samples, and Kim Mann and Jeannie Lassey for AFLP analysis in the laboratory. This research was made possible through funding from the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration Grant # 6663-99, the Bureau of Land Management (Utah, Montana, South and North Dakota) and U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Grant 2000-00836. Funding for the collection of Green River plant samples was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado River Regional Office. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0110-z PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907UT UT WOS:000301445100018 ER PT J AU Ago, M Okajima, K Jakes, JE Park, S Rojas, OJ AF Ago, Mariko Okajima, Kunihiko Jakes, Joseph E. Park, Sunkyu Rojas, Orlando J. TI Lignin-Based Electrospun Nanofibers Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MELTING-POINT DEPRESSION; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); POLYMER BLENDS; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; CARBON NANOFIBERS; SUSPENSIONS; FIBERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; DEGRADATION; COMPOSITES AB Lignin-based fibers were produced by electrospinning aqueous dispersions of lignin, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Defect-free nanofibers with up to 90 wt % lignin and 15% CNCs were achieved. The properties of the aqueous dispersions, including viscosity, electrical conductivity, and surface tension, were examined and correlated to the electrospinnability and resulting morphology of the composite fibers. A ternary lignin-PVA-water phase diagram was constructed as a tool to rationalize the effect of mixing ratios on the dispersion electrospinability and morphology of the resulting fibers. The influence of reinforcing CNCs on the thermal properties of the multicomponent fibers was investigated by using thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability of the system was observed to increase owing to a strong interaction of the lignin-PVA matrix with the dispersed CNCs, mainly via hydrogen bonding, as observed in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments. C1 [Ago, Mariko; Park, Sunkyu; Rojas, Orlando J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ago, Mariko; Okajima, Kunihiko] Tokushima Bunri Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan. [Jakes, Joseph E.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Rojas, Orlando J.] Aalto Univ, Sch Chem Technol, Dept Forest Prod Technol, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland. RP Rojas, OJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest Biomat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ojrojas@ncsu.edu RI Rojas, Orlando/O-2890-2014 OI Rojas, Orlando/0000-0003-4036-4020 FU Asahikasei Fibers Coporation, Japan; Tokushima Bunri University FX The authors acknowledge financial support of Asahikasei Fibers Coporation, Japan. Tokushima Bunri University is gratefully acknowledged for funding M.A. during her international exchange program with NC State University (O.J.R.). NR 56 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 9 U2 131 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAR PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 918 EP 926 DI 10.1021/bm201828g PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 906AU UT WOS:000301318100041 PM 22283444 ER PT J AU Turner, T Burri, BJ AF Turner, Tami Burri, Betty J. TI Rapid Isocratic HPLC Method and Sample Extraction Procedures for Measuring Carotenoid, Retinoid, and Tocopherol Concentrations in Human Blood and Breast Milk for Intervention Studies SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE HPLC; Carotenoids; Vitamin A; Human; Blood; Breast milk; Extraction ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD; BETA-CRYPTOXANTHIN; HUMAN PLASMA; HUMAN SERUM; VITAMIN-A; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FATTY-ACID; PHASE; CARCINOGENESIS AB Vitamin A deficiency continues to be a major public health concern in the developing world effecting over 200 million people. Interventions including carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, containing alpha- and beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin, are being tested for their potential to alleviate vitamin A deficiency in several countries. Thus, there is a need for a faster isocratic reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method than the methods currently available. Efficient extraction procedures for biological samples are also valuable to save time, materials, and cost. We developed an HPLC method and compared several extraction methods for carotenoids, retinoids, and vitamin E in plasma and human breast milk. The method uses an Agilent 1100 system equipped with a Waters Spherisorb ODS2 column (3 x 125 mm 3 mu m) and similar guard column (ThermoScientific ODS2 3 x 20 mm 3 mu m). Mobile phase of 7:2:1 acetonitrile:dichloromethane:methanol was run at 0.5 mL min(-1), and run times were complete in approximately 8 min. This rapid method uses little solvent and provides excellent results in the analysis of these fat-soluble nutrients. Analyte measurements were repeatable using standards and plasma and were accurate compared to NIST certified and reference serum values. The validated HPLC method was applied to the analysis of plasma samples from a vitamin A intervention study. C1 [Turner, Tami; Burri, Betty J.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Turner, Tami] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM betty.burri@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture AFRI/NIFA [2008-01889]; Henry A. Jastro Graduate Research Scholarship Award FX Financial support was provided by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture AFRI/NIFA (2008-01889) and a Henry A. Jastro Graduate Research Scholarship Award. Sponsors had no role in the design, analysis or interpretation of this study. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 61 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5-6 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10337-012-2193-9 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 907TW UT WOS:000301442500006 ER PT J AU Aslibekyan, S Jensen, MK Campos, H Linkletter, CD Loucks, EB Ordovas, JM Deka, R Rimm, EB Baylin, A AF Aslibekyan, S. Jensen, M. K. Campos, H. Linkletter, C. D. Loucks, E. B. Ordovas, J. M. Deka, R. Rimm, E. B. Baylin, A. TI Genetic variation in fatty acid elongases is not associated with intermediate cardiovascular phenotypes or myocardial infarction SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fatty acid elongases; inflammation; cholesterol; triglycerides; myocardial infarction; Costa Rica ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; COSTA-RICA; METABOLIC SYNDROME; RISK; POPULATION; DISEASE; HEALTH AB BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Elongases 2, 4 and 5, encoded by genes ELOVL2, ELOVL4 and ELOVL5, have a key role in the biosynthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). To date, few studies have investigated the associations between elongase polymorphisms and cardiovascular health. We investigated whether ELOVL polymorphisms are associated with adipose tissue fatty acids, serum lipids, inflammation and ultimately with nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in a Costa Rican population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: MI cases (n=1650) were matched to population-based controls (n=1650) on age, sex and area of residence. Generalized linear and multiple conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between seven common ELOVL polymorphisms and cardiometabolic outcomes. Analyses were replicated in The Nurses' Health Study (n=1200) and The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (n=1295). RESULTS: Variation in ELOVL2, ELOVL4 and ELOVL5 was not associated with adipose tissue fatty acids, intermediate cardiovascular risk factors or MI. In the Costa Rica study, the number of the minor allele copies at rs2294867, located in the ELOVL5 gene, was associated with an increase in total and LDL cholesterol (adjusted P-values 0.001 and <0.0001 respectively). Additionally, the number of the minor allele copies at rs761179, also located in the ELOVL5 gene, was significantly associated with an increase in total cholesterol (adjusted P-value=0.04). However, the observed associations were not replicated in independent populations. CONCLUSION: Common genetic variants in elongases are not associated with adipose tissue fatty acids, serum lipids, biomarkers of systemic inflammation, or the risk of MI. C1 [Baylin, A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aslibekyan, S.; Linkletter, C. D.; Loucks, E. B.; Baylin, A.] Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Jensen, M. K.; Campos, H.; Rimm, E. B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Deka, R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Rimm, E. B.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Baylin, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM Abaylin@umich.edu RI Loucks, Eric/I-1272-2014 OI Loucks, Eric/0000-0002-9962-0386 FU National Institutes of Health [HL081549, HL34594, CA87969, CA55075, HL35464] FX This study was supported by grants HL081549, HL34594, CA87969, CA55075 and HL35464 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2012.2 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 906XM UT WOS:000301382400009 PM 22293571 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Footen, PW Strahm, BD Harrison, RB Terry, TA Harrington, TB AF Devine, Warren D. Footen, Paul W. Strahm, Brian D. Harrison, Robert B. Terry, Thomas A. Harrington, Timothy B. TI Nitrogen leaching following whole-tree and bole-only harvests on two contrasting Pacific Northwest sites SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Leaching; Nitrogen; Douglas-fir; Vegetation control; Whole-tree harvest; Forest soils ID DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATIONS; COMPETING-VEGETATION CONTROL; LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; WESTERN WASHINGTON; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; SOIL CARBON; RED ALDER; NITRATE; RETENTION AB Short-term pulses of increased N leaching typically follow the harvest of forest stands, but the magnitude of these pulses after conventional bole-only (BO)and whole-tree (WT) harvests often is difficult to predict. In this study, we measured N leaching until 6 and 8 years post-harvest on two western Washington Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) sites: a relatively low-productivity site with a gravelly loamy sand soil formed in glacial outwash and a high-productivity site with a silt loam soil derived primarily from basalt. We tested BO and WT harvest treatments and presence/absence of 5 years of competing vegetation control (VC). Trends in the magnitude and duration of post-harvest N-leaching pulses differed between sites. At the higher-productivity site, estimated N leaching between years 3 and 8 following harvest totaled 250 and 94 kg N ha(-1) in BO and WT harvest treatments with VC, respectively. At the lower-productivity site, estimated N leaching totaled 32 and 17 kg N ha(-1) between years 3 and 6 following harvest in BO and WT harvest treatments with VC, respectively. In both BO and WT treatments, annual N leaching did not fall below 2 kg N ha(-1) (the rate measured in mature forest stands at both sites) until year 8 at the higher-productivity site and until year 6 at the lower-productivity site. Cumulative amounts of N leached among site/treatment combinations were small compared to the soil total-N pool and ranged from 0.5% to 2.5%. The N leaching patterns among treatments at these two sites suggest that differences in soil N content and C:N ratio, post-harvest vegetation regrowth, and harvest residues influenced the amount of N leached. The major source of leached N was most likely the soil (including forest floor) rather than harvest debris, based on site and treatment comparisons. Although the maximum post-harvest pulse of 250 kg N ha(-1) was much higher than values reported in most comparable studies, this level of N leaching is unlikely to be reached under operational conditions, where VC is less intensive than in this study. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Footen, Paul W.; Harrison, Robert B.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Strahm, Brian D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Terry, Thomas A.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Western Forestry Res, Centralia, WA 98513 USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wdevine27@yahoo.com; paulfooten@gmail.com; brian.strahm@vt.edu; robh@uw.edu; taterry45@comcast.net; tharrington@fs.fed.us FU National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; Pacific Northwest Stand Management Cooperative; University of Washington School of Forest Resources; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This study is a product of the Sustainable Forestry Component of Agenda 2020, a joint effort of the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Development Program and the American Forest and Paper Association. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. and the Pacific Northwest Stand Management Cooperative. Study sites and support for experimental treatments were provided by Weyerhaeuser Company and Green Diamond Resource Company; the authors are particularly grateful to Rodney Meade and Randall Greggs. We are grateful for support from the University of Washington School of Forest Resources and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. We are grateful for study installation and data collection assistance from many employees of these institutions, particularly Barry Flaming and Christopher Licata. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.043 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000002 ER PT J AU Kasischke, ES Turetsky, MR Kane, ES AF Kasischke, Eric S. Turetsky, Merritt R. Kane, Evan S. TI Effects of trees on the burning of organic layers on permafrost terrain SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Boreal forest; Fire ecology; Surface organic layer; Permafrost ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; ASSESSING FIRE SEVERITY; ALASKAN BOREAL FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON EMISSIONS; CONSUMPTION; CLIMATE; REGIME; RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION AB We collected data to estimate depth of the remaining (residual) organic layer as well as data to estimate total pre-fire organic layer depth in 99 plots located in mature black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests in interior Alaska that burned during the large fire seasons of 2004 and 2005. These data were collected immediately adjacent to trees as well as from throughout the plot along with tree stand characteristics (density and basal diameter), and used to assess if trees influenced depth of burning. While other studies have found residual organic layer depths to be shallower under trees than at randomly located points within a given area, our results showed that mean and median residual organic layer depth, as well as the frequency of depths <3 cm, did not differ at a plot scale versus adjacent to trees. Regardless of proximity to trees, residual organic layer depths were affected by drainage and timing of the fire, with deeper organic layers occurring in poorly drained plots and in plots that burned early in the growing season. The amount of foliar biomass was a significant but weak predictor of residual organic layer depth. There was no interaction between drainage class and mean tree basal diameter, basal area, or foliar biomass in explaining variation in organic layer depths following fires. Since the depth of the organic layer in this region regulates ground temperature, degree of permafrost formation, and site drainage, we hypothesize that the seasonal thaw layer impedes drainage in Alaskan black spruce forests, resulting in a horizontal redistribution of moisture just above frozen soil in plots with permafrost. This reduces the impacts of tree canopies (such as canopy interception of precipitation) on variability in depth of burning of the surface organic layer. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Tech Univ, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Kasischke, ES (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ekasisch@umd.edu RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 FU NASA [NNG04GD25G]; USFS [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; NSF [DEB-0080609] FX The research in the paper was supported by NASA through Grant NNG04GD25G and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (USFS Grant No. PNW01-JV11261952-231 and NSFGrant No. DEB-0080609). We thank Elizabeth Hoy, Gordon Shetler, Evan Ellicott, Luz Silverio, Nancy French, Richard Powell, Lucas Spaete, Cole Smith, Kristen Schmitt, and Sam Upton for assisting in collection of the field data used in this study. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.009 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000012 ER PT J AU Kern, CC Reich, PB Montgomery, RA Strong, TF AF Kern, Christel C. Reich, Peter B. Montgomery, Rebecca A. Strong, Terry F. TI Do deer and shrubs override canopy gap size effects on growth and survival of yellow birch, northern red oak, eastern white pine, and eastern hemlock seedlings? SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Browse; Ground-layer plant competition; Gap partitioning; Harvest-created gaps; Regeneration; Northern hardwood forest ID UPPER GREAT-LAKES; NATURAL DISTURBANCE REGIMES; SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; BETULA-ALLEGHANIENSIS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION; REGIONAL-VARIATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CONIFER FORESTS AB Innovative forestry practices that use natural disturbance and stand developmental processes as models to increase forest complexity are now being considered as a way to conserve biodiversity while managing for a range of objectives. We evaluated the influence of harvest-created gap size (6, 10,20,30, and 46 m diameter gaps and uncut references) over 12 growing seasons on planted tree seedling growth and survival for four tree species that tend to experience poor recruitment in both managed and unmanaged northern hardwood forests in eastern North America. We expected, based on silvics, that the three mid-tolerant species (yellow birch [Betula alleghaniensis], red oak [Quercus rubra], and white pine [Pin us strobus]) would perform best in intermediate-sized gaps, and the one shade tolerant species ( hemlock [Tsuga canadensis]) would perform best in small gaps. However, all four of the species grew taller with increasing gap size, while survival was highest in intermediate gap sizes. Although gap size had statistically significant effects on growth and survival, the magnitude of the effects were modest. With the exception of a small portion of white pine individuals (35% of survivors were >150 cm tall), trees were short (<1 m) and few survived (<30%) 12 years after planting. Evidence from deer exclosures and individual gaps with high shrub (Rubus idaeus) densities suggest that browsing and shrub competition resulted in poor tree growth and survival, and may have constrained the magnitude of many potential tree seedling responses to gap size. Our study highlights the management challenges of using gap size as a tool to influence future forest composition in forests with overly abundant deer and pervasive shrub layers and underscores the importance of silvicultural prescriptions that include measures for reducing these impacts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kern, Christel C.; Strong, Terry F.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Kern, Christel C.; Reich, Peter B.; Montgomery, Rebecca A.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kern, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM cckern@fs.fed.us RI Kern, Christel/B-4847-2012; Montgomery, Rebecca/J-5774-2013 OI Montgomery, Rebecca/0000-0002-4131-1847 FU U.S. Forest Service: the Northern Research Station FX This study was supported by the U.S. Forest Service: the Northern Research Station (and former North Central Research Station) funded research staff to design, collect and analyze data, the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (and former Nicolet National Forest) provided logistical support of the timber harvest to implement study design, and the Washington Office Research & Development program, the Scientist Recruitment Initiative, supported scientist training at the University of Minnesota for Kern. The research could not have been completed without the additional mentoring and leadership of Brian Palik, Anthony D'Amato, and John Zasada. We greatly appreciated the technical assistance from the Reich and Montgomery Labs, Adam Weise, Kris Gray, Emma Schultz, and Ben Gosack, among many other field technicians. Terry Strong designed the study and led data collection in growing seasons 1-4. Christel Kern led data collection in growing season 12, analyzed the data, and wrote the initial and most of the subsequent drafts of the paper. Rebecca Montgomery and Peter Reich contributed equally to the manuscript providing guidance and ideas in data analyses and interpretation and contributed to the writing. NR 66 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.002 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000013 ER PT J AU Stevens-Rumann, CS Sieg, CH Hunter, ME AF Stevens-Rumann, Camille S. Sieg, Carolyn H. Hunter, Molly E. TI Ten years after wildfires: How does varying tree mortality impact fire hazard and forest resiliency? SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ponderosa pine; Wildfire severity; Coarse woody debris; Stand density ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BLACK-HILLS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; CROWN FIRE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; SNAG DENSITY; GRAND-CANYON; NEW-MEXICO; SEVERITY AB Severe wildfires across the western US have lead to concerns about heavy surface fuel loading and the potential for high-intensity reburning. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests, often overly dense from a century of fire suppression, are increasingly susceptible to large and severe wildfires especially given warmer and drier climate projections for the future. However, the majority of research on fuel dynamics after wildfires has focused on high-severity burned areas in more productive forest types. We sampled fuel loadings in 2009 and 2010 across a range of tree mortality on two high-severity wildfires that occurred in 2000: the Pumpkin Fire in Arizona, and the Jasper Fire in South Dakota. We established 60 plots per fire, 10 in each of five post-fire mortality classes: 0-20%, 21-40%, 41-60%, 61-80%, and 81-100% mortality, based on percentage of trees killed, plus unburned control areas. We measured height, diameter, status (alive or dead) and crown base height of each tree, plus fuel loading by size class, litter and duff depth, and herbaceous biomass. Ten years after wildfire, low mortality (0-40%) plots resembled unburned plots in almost every fuels attribute. Basal area in low-mortality plots exceeded reconstructed historical ranges and fire hazard reduction targets by up to 130%. However, coarse woody debris (CWD; woody material >7.62 cm) loadings fell below a recommended "optimum" range and herbaceous fuels were sparse. Mid-mortality (41-80%) plots were characterized by more open stands and increased surface fuel loadings, basal area was close to target ranges and CWD loadings were within the recommended range. High mortality (81-100%) plots had few trees but CWD loadings exceeded recommended levels by up to 28%, and herbaceous fuels were adequate to carry a surface fire. These findings suggest that post-fire management should be targeted to the level of mortality. Low mortality and unburned areas should be targeted for reducing stand densities and promoting understory growth, to minimize crown fire hazard and increase site potential. Burned areas with >80% tree mortality have the lowest crown fire hazard, but may benefit from fuel reduction efforts such as low intensity prescribed burning to reduce both fine fuels and some of the CWD. Stand structures and surface fuel loads in mid-mortality plots most resembled historical targets and met numerous restoration objectives for ponderosa pine-dominated forests, especially given predicted climate changes. These areas can be maintained through low-intensity prescribed burning to prevent them from becoming overly dense and thus enhance their longer-term resiliency to future disturbances. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stevens-Rumann, Camille S.; Hunter, Molly E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn H.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stevens-Rumann, CS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM css75@nau.edu; csieg@fs.fed.us; Molly.Hunter@nau.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [09-CS-11221633-190]; Northern Arizona University FX We thank Joel McMillin, Kurt Allen, Addie Hite, Keith Thibault, Brian Casavant, Jim Fowler, Emma Gustke, Brittany Deranleau, John Wilson, James Wilson, Roy St. Laurent and the Kaibab and Black Hills National Forests, as well as Rudy King for Excel Macros Package and L. Scott Baggett for his statistical review. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station National Fire Plan NFP-FWE-3 through Cost Share Agreement: 09-CS-11221633-190 with Northern Arizona University. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.003 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000020 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Fraver, S Milo, AM D'Amato, AW Palik, B Shinneman, DJ AF Bradford, John B. Fraver, Shawn Milo, Amy M. D'Amato, Anthony W. Palik, Brian Shinneman, Douglas J. TI Effects of multiple interacting disturbances and salvage logging on forest carbon stocks SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Blowdown; Windthrow; Jack pine; Forest management ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; STORAGE; DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; MINNESOTA; PATTERNS; WILDFIRE AB Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency of disturbances, potentially impacting carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the implications of either multiple disturbances or post-disturbance forest management activities on ecosystem carbon stocks. This study quantified how forest carbon stocks responded to stand-replacing blowdown and wildfire, both individually and in combination with and without post-disturbance salvage operations, in a sub-boreal jack pine ecosystem. Individually, blowdown or fire caused similar decreases in live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. However, whereas blowdown increased carbon in down woody material and forest floor, fire increased carbon in standing snags, a difference that may have consequences for long-term carbon cycling patterns. Fire after the blowdown caused substantial additional reduction in ecosystem carbon stocks, suggesting that potential increases in multiple disturbance events may represent a challenge for sustaining ecosystem carbon stocks. Salvage logging, as examined here, decreased carbon stored in snags and down woody material but had no significant effect on total ecosystem carbon stocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Milo, Amy M.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-5-04]; Northern Research Station, US Forest Service FX We thank N. Aspelin, S. Erlandson, S. Jones, D. Kastendick, J. Kragthorpe, L Patty, Z. Patty, and J. Smith for assistance in the field and/or laboratory, and we thank B. Anderson, M. Beckwith, K. McTighe, T. Norman, and B. Schueller for providing information regarding harvesting and fire-related activities. Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 08-1-5-04) and the Northern Research Station, US Forest Service. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.010 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000021 ER PT J AU Ager, AA Valliant, NM Finney, MA Preisler, HK AF Ager, Alan A. Valliant, Nicole M. Finney, Mark A. Preisler, Haiganoush K. TI Analyzing wildfire exposure and source-sink relationships on a fire prone forest landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire simulation; Wildfire risk; Conservation biology; National forest planning ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE SCALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CENTRAL OREGON; WILDLAND FIRE; RISK; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; MODEL AB We used simulation modeling to analyze wildfire exposure to social and ecological values on a 0.6 million ha national forest in central Oregon, USA. We simulated 50,000 wildfires that replicated recent fire events in the area and generated detailed maps of burn probability (BP) and fire intensity distributions. We also recorded the ignition locations and size of each simulated fire and used these outputs to construct a fire source-sink ratio as the ratio of fire size to burn probability. Fire behavior was summarized for federal land management designations, including biological conservation reserves, recreational sites, managed forest, and wildland urban interface. Burn probability from the simulations ranged from 0.00001 to 0.026 within the study area (mean = 0.0023), and exhibited substantial variation among and within land designations. Simulated fire behavior was broadly related to gradients in fire regimes, although the combined effects of fuel, topography, and simulated weather resulted in fine scale patterns not reflected in ecological and vegetation data. Average BP for the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) nesting sites ranged from 0.0002 to 0.04. Among the 130 different wildland urban interface areas, average BP varied from 0.0001 to 0.02. Spatial variation in the source-sink ratio was pronounced, and strongly affected by the continuity and arrangement of surface and canopy fuel. We discuss the management implications in terms of prioritizing fuel management activities and designing conservation strategies on fire prone landscapes within the 177 million ha national forest network. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ager, Alan A.; Valliant, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Finney, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Preisler, Haiganoush K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 3160 NE 3rd St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. EM aager@fs.fed.us; nvaillant@fs.fed.us; mfinney@fs.fed.us; hpreisler@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.021 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000027 ER PT J AU Tian, F Luo, J Zhang, HM Chang, S Song, JZ AF Tian, Fei Luo, Juan Zhang, Huanmin Chang, Shuang Song, Jiuzhou TI MiRNA expression signatures induced by Marek's disease virus infection in chickens SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE MicroRNA; Marek's disease; Virus infection; ATF2 ID MICRORNA EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENETIC-RESISTANCE; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; PROFILES; TARGETS; CANCER; TISSUE; CELLS AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Emerging evidence suggests that differential miRNA expression is associated with viral infection and cancer. Marek's disease virus infection induces lymphoma in chickens. However, the host defense response against Marek's disease (MD) progression remains poorly understood. Here, we utilized microarrays to screen miRNAs that were sensitive to Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection. QRT-PCR analysis confirmed the microarray data and revealed expression patterns of some miRNAs in tumor samples. Chicken miRNA gga-miR-15b, which was reduced in infected susceptible chickens and splenic tumors, controlled the expression of ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2). ATF2 was significantly increased in the same group. Our results indicated that differential expression of miRNA in resistant and susceptible chickens was caused by MDV infection, which effectively influenced protein expression of ATF2. This latter result might be related to Marek's disease resistance/susceptibility. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tian, Fei; Luo, Juan; Chang, Shuang; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Huanmin; Chang, Shuang] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Zhang, Huanmin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Song, JZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM songj88@umd.edu FU National Research Initiative [2008-35204-04660]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65205-20588] FX We thank Dr. H.C. Liu (North Carolina State University) for technical suggestions and Dr. Xiaoping Zhu for kindly providing the Hela cell line (VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine). We highly appreciate Evelyn Yong, Dr. Shuang Chang and Dr. John Dunn (ADOL) for the help in the infection experiment, sampling and MD diagnosis. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35204-04660 and no. 2010-65205-20588 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 99 IS 3 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.11.004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 905YX UT WOS:000301313200005 PM 22178800 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Birkett, H Gay, J Legendre, B Jackson, W Schudmak, C Monge, A Andrzejewski, B Viator, R Charlet, T AF Eggleston, G. Birkett, H. Gay, J. Legendre, B. Jackson, W. Schudmak, C. Monge, A. Andrzejewski, B. Viator, R. Charlet, T. TI How combine harvesting of green cane billets with different levels of trash affects production and processing. Part II: Pilot plant processing to sugar SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE combine harvester; leaves and tops; pilot plant processing; sugarcane trash ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; MANUFACTURE AB New refineries in Louisiana, USA are requesting Louisiana sugarcane factories to deliver very high pol/very low color (VHP/VLC) raw sugar with low ash concentrations. This higher quality raw sugar will allow both growers and factory processors to share economic premiums from the new refineries. A comprehensive factory trash trial was conducted in Louisiana to determine how different speeds of the extractor fans on two combine harvesters (John Deere 3500 and 3510 models) affect trash levels of green billets from L 99-226 commercial sugarcane variety (ripener treated) as well as upstream and downstream processing. Fan speeds of 1050, 850 and 650 rpm were studied on Days 1, 2, and 3 (20-22 Nov, 2010), respectively, at a constant ground speed of 3.5 mph. Total trash levels (growing point region+green leaves+brown leaves) were 12.1, 18.9 and 22.7% for the 1050, 850, and 650 rpm fan speeds, respectively, and significantly (P < 0.05) different. Sufficient cane of each treatment (24-27 truck loads) was harvested and processed each day to purge the tandem mill of other cane and to process the selected cane for a total of similar to 30 min. A bulk sample of mixed juice (MJ) was transported to the USDA-ARS-SRRC pilot plant in New Orleans to produce clarified juice, syrup, A-massecuites, A-molasses, A-raw, and affined sugars. Most quality and processing parameters, including soluble solids, sucrose, color, ash, starch, and mud volume during clarification became progressively worse with increased trash levels and decreased fan speed. For every 1% increase in trash there was an approximate 0.13-0.21% decrease in MJ purity. Furthermore, purity of subsequent raw sugar became progressively worse with increased trash levels. Total trash levels between 18.9 and 22.7% from 850 to 650 rpm fan speeds, respectively, impeded the manufacture of VHP/VLC for a refinery, but the types of trash tissues influenced the raw sugar color, particularly the growing point region. Overall, at 650 rpm fan speed, VHP sugar (<2200 CU) cannot be commercially attained for L 99-226 in late November. Net proceeds to the grower were optimal for both growers and processors at the 850 rpm setting. More data are still needed for L 99-226 and other varieties, especially early in the Louisiana processing season when trash levels are considerably higher. C1 [Eggleston, G.; Andrzejewski, B.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Birkett, H.; Legendre, B.] Louisiana State Univ Agr Ctr, Audubon Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Gay, J.] St Louis Planting Co, Plaquemine, LA 70764 USA. [Jackson, W.] Amer Sugar Cane League, Thibodaux, LA 70302 USA. [Schudmak, C.; Monge, A.; Charlet, T.] Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. [Viator, R.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov FU American Sugar Cane League FX This trial could not have been undertaken without the exceptional cooperation and support of the core lab staff at Cora Texas factory. In particular, the authors would like to thank Mr. Eldwin St. Cyr (USDA-ARS-SRRC), Ms. Jeanie Stein (LSU AgCenter), and Ms. Jessica Gober (USDA-ARS-SRRC) for their excellent technical assistance. The American Sugar Cane League is thanked for funding this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1359 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 910YN UT WOS:000301684600036 ER PT J AU Mauget, SA Cordero, EC Brown, PT AF Mauget, Steven A. Cordero, Eugene C. Brown, Patrick T. TI Evaluating Modeled Intra- to Multidecadal Climate Variability Using Running Mann-Whitney Z Statistics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE TRENDS; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; REGIONAL-SCALE; COUPLED MODELS; WARMING HOLE; 20TH-CENTURY; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTION AB An analysis method previously used to detect observed intra- to multidecadal (IMD) climate regimes was adapted to compare observed and modeled IMD climate variations. Pending the availability of the more appropriate phase 5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP-5) simulations, the method is demonstrated using CMIP-3 model simulations. Although the CMIP-3 experimental design will almost certainly prevent these model runs from reproducing features of historical IMD climate variability, these simulations allow for the demonstration of the method and illustrate how the models and observations disagree. This method samples a time series's data rankings over moving time windows, converts those ranking sets to a Mann-Whitney U statistic, and then normalizes the U statistic into a Z statistic. By detecting optimally significant IMD ranking regimes of arbitrary onset and varying duration, this process generates time series of Z values that are an adaptively low-passed and normalized transformation of the original time series. Principal component (PC) analysis of the Z series derived from observed annual temperatures at 92 U.S. grid locations during 1919-2008 shows two dominant modes: a PC1 mode with cool temperatures before the late 1960s and warm temperatures after the mid-1980s, and a PC2 mode indicating a multidecadal temperature cycle over the Southeast. Using a graphic analysis of a Z error metric that compares modeled and observed Z series, the three CMIP-3 model simulations tested here are shown to reproduce the PC1 mode but not the PC2 mode. By providing a way to compare grid-level IMD climate response patterns in observed and modeled data, this method can play a useful diagnostic role in future model development and decadal climate forecasting. C1 [Mauget, Steven A.] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Cordero, Eugene C.; Brown, Patrick T.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Mauget, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM steven.mauget@ars.usda.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy; Directorate for Geosciences of the National Science Foundation; NSF [ATM-0449996] FX We thank the organizers of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the developers of FGOALS g1.0, the MIROC3.2 medium-resolution model, and NCAR's Parallel Climate Model. Without their work, this analysis would not have been possible. The Parallel Climate Model project (information online at www.cgd.ucar.edu/pcm) is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Directorate for Geosciences of the National Science Foundation. Thanks also to Clare Cordero for editing and proofreading and to preliminary reviewers Mariano Masiokas and Kevin Clifford for their helpful comments. All figures were produced using Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith, 1995). This work was supported in part by NSF's Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program, Grant ATM-0449996 (E. Cordero and P. Brown). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1570 EP 1586 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00211.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 905ZR UT WOS:000301315200011 ER PT J AU Haley, CA Dargatz, DA Bush, EJ Erdman, MM Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Haley, C. A. Dargatz, D. A. Bush, E. J. Erdman, M. M. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Salmonella Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility from the National Animal Health Monitoring System Swine 2000 and 2006 Studies SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; PIGS; ENTERICA; SLAUGHTER; TRANSPORT; SEROTYPES; PRODUCTS; FARMS AB Concern about Salmonella contamination of food is compounded by fear that antimicrobials traditionally used to combat the infection will become useless due to rising antibiotic resistance. Livestock, in particular swine, often are blamed for illnesses caused by Salmonella and for increasing antibiotic resistance due to use of antibiotics in pigs. As part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System Swine 2000 and 2006 studies, swine fecal samples were cultured for Salmonella. These samples were collected from 123 operations in 17 states in 2000 and from 135 operations in 17 states in 2006. At each operation, 50 and 60 fecal samples were collected from late finisher pig pens in 2000 and 2006, respectively. Salmonella isolates were characterized to determine serogroup and serotype and were tested for susceptibility to a panel of 17 and 15 antimicrobial drugs in 2000 and 2006, respectively. A total of 5,470 and 7,788 samples were cultured for Salmonella in 2000 and 2006, respectively. Overall, 6.2% of the samples and 34.2% of the farms were positive for Salmonella in 2000. In 2006, 7.2% of the samples and 52.6% of the farms were positive. Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Typhimurium var. 5- (formerly Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen), and Salmonella Agona were the three serotypes most often recovered in both study years. The most common antimicrobial resistance pattern for Salmonella Derby in the two study years was resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Most isolates were resistant to tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin in both study years. The proportion of Salmonella isolates that were susceptible to all antimicrobials (pansusceptible) was 38.1% in 2000 and 20.4% in 2006. The proportion of Salmonella isolates that were resistant to three or more antimicrobials (multidrug resistant) was similar in 2000 and in 2006 (52.8 and 57.7%, respectively). C1 [Haley, C. A.; Dargatz, D. A.; Bush, E. J.] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Erdman, M. M.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Haley, CA (reprint author), Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM charles.a.haley@aphis.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-363 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 907GS UT WOS:000301406400001 PM 22410214 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB Jin, TZ AF Gurtler, Joshua B. Jin, Tony Z. TI Propylparaben Sensitizes Heat-Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Oranienburg to Thermal Inactivation in Liquid Egg Albumen SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-GRADE ANTIOXIDANTS; AFLATOXIN B-1 ACCUMULATION; ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI; PRESERVATIVES PARABENS; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; PEANUT GRAINS; ESTERS; PERFORMANCE; MYCOFLORA; BACTERIUM AB Propyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid (propylparaben [PRPA]) is a phenolic antioxidant, known to occur in nature and used as a microbiostat in foods, feeds, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and medications. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) requires that liquid egg white (LEW) be pasteurized at 56.7 degrees C for 3.5 min. This study evaluated the effects of PRPA on the pasteurization sensitivity of Salmonella in LEW. When LEW (pH 7.8) was pasteurized under FSIS conditions, salmonellae declined by 0.5, 4.6, 4.5, >7.0, and >7.0 log CFU/ml, with 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 ppm of PRPA, respectively, and D-56.7 degrees C-values were 2.99, 1.05, 0.68, 0.26 and <= 0.16 min. Albumen (pH 8.9) pasteurized under FSIS standards incurred salmonellae reductions of 3.3, 2.8, 5.2, >7.0, and >7.0 log CFU/ml, with 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 ppm of PRPA, respectively, while D-56.7 degrees C-values were 0.87, 0.99, 0.66, 0.22, and 0.09 min. Adding 500 ppm of PRPA to albumen (pH 7.8) reduced D-56.7 degrees C-values more than 11-fold, and reduced the time to achieve a 5-log reduction from 15.0 to only 1.3 min. A 7-log reduction in plain LEW (pH 7.8) at 56.7 degrees C required 20.9 min, versus only 1.8 and 1.1 min with 500 and 1,000 ppm of PRPA, respectively. Furthermore, a 7-log reduction in plain LEW (pH 8.9) required 6.1 min, versus only 1.5 and 0.6 min with 500 and 1,000 ppm of PRPA, respectively. This study is the first to report the efficacy of PRPA (pk(a) = 8.4) in sensitizing Salmonella in LEW to thermal pasteurization, while documenting that PRPA retains its antibacterial efficacy at pH levels as high as 8.9. C1 [Gurtler, Joshua B.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Jin, Tony Z.] ARS, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gurtler, JB (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information System [1935-41420-013-00D] FX This study was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Current Research Information System project no. 1935-41420-013-00D through ARS National Program 108. The authors thank Dr. Keith Lampel for providing the Salmonella strains used in this study; Drs. Andrew Gehring, David Geveke, Brendan Niemira, and George Paoli for reviewing this manuscript and providing helpful feedback; and Rebecca Bailey for manuscript formatting and technical laboratory assistance. John Phillips, USDA-ARS, North Atlantic Area statistician, provided assistance with statistical evaluation. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-158 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 907GS UT WOS:000301406400003 PM 22410216 ER PT J AU Muth, MK Creel, DV Karns, SA Wilkus, J AF Muth, Mary K. Creel, Darryl V. Karns, Shawn A. Wilkus, James TI Analysis of the Relationship between Economic Measures and Salmonella Testing Results in Young Chicken Slaughter Establishments SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SAFETY; PERFORMANCE; RECALLS AB Food processing establishments incur costs to install, maintain, and operate equipment and implement specific food safety practices. During times of economic recession, establishments might reduce their food safety efforts to conserve resources and reduce costs of operation. This study was conducted to determine whether financial performance measures are systematically associated with Salmonella test results. The association between Salmonella test results from 182 federally inspected young chicken slaughter establishments from 2007 to 2009 and financial performance was examined while controlling for other establishment characteristics. Results indicated that the smallest establishments, which slaughtered fewer than 0.2 million chickens per year, had three times as many positive test results as did the largest establishments, which slaughtered more than 86.0 million chickens per year (P < 0.01). Establishments that slaughtered more than 0.2 million but fewer than 18.5 million chickens had 1.5 times as many positive test results (P = 0.02). Two statistically significant financial performance measures were identified, but the effects were limited. Establishments in bankruptcy had 1.4 times as many positive test results as did those not in bankruptcy (P = 0.02); however, only five establishments were in bankruptcy. Establishments with better payment performance generally had better Salmonella test results, but the effect was significant only in the winter season. C1 [Muth, Mary K.; Creel, Darryl V.; Karns, Shawn A.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wilkus, James] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Muth, MK (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM muth@rti.org FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FSIS [53-3A94-03-12] FX This study was conducted under U.S. Department of Agriculture FSIS contract 53-3A94-03-12, task order 18. The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments and suggestions provided by FSIS staff and the assistance of Melanie Ball and Catherine Viator in preparing information for the manuscript. All remaining errors and views expressed are those of the authors and not of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-319 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 907GS UT WOS:000301406400004 PM 22410217 ER PT J AU Yossa, N Patel, J Millner, P Lo, YM AF Yossa, Nadine Patel, Jitendra Millner, Patricia Lo, Y. Martin TI Essential Oils Reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on Spinach Leavest SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ELECTROLYZED WATER; ROSEMARY EXTRACTS; ENTERICA SEROVARS; LETTUCE LEAVES; BABY SPINACH AB The efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and Sporan for reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on spinach leaves was investigated. Spinach leaves were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7, air dried for ca. 30 min, and then immersed in a treatment solution containing 5 ppm of free chlorine, cinnamaldehyde, or Sporan (800 and 1,000 ppm) alone or in combination with 200 ppm of acetic acid (20%) for 1 mm or with water (control). After spin drying, treated leaves were analyzed periodically during 14 days of storage at 4 degrees C for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, total coliforms, mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, and yeasts and molds. Treatment effects on color and texture of leaves also were determined. Sporan alone (1,000S), Sporan plus acetic acid (1,000SV), and cinnamaldehyde-Tween (800T) reduced E. coli O157:H7 by more than 3 log CFU/g (P < 0.05), and 1,000SV treatment reduced Salmonella by 2.5 log CFU/g on day 0. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella populations on treated spinach leaves declined during storage at 4 degrees C. The 1,000SV treatment was superior to chlorine and other treatments for reducing E. coli 0157:H7 during storage. Saprophytic microbiota on spinach leaves increased during storage at 4 degrees C but remained lower on leaves treated with Sporan (800S) and Sporan plus acetic acid (1,000SV) than on control leaves. The color and texture of Sporan-treated leaves were not significantly different from those of the control leaves after 14 days. Sporan plus acetic acid (1,000SV) reduced E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on baby spinach leaves without adverse effects on leaf color and texture. C1 [Patel, Jitendra; Millner, Patricia] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yossa, Nadine; Lo, Y. Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 488 EP 496 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-344 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 907GS UT WOS:000301406400009 PM 22410222 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Lu, YG Millner, P Feng, H AF Zhou, Bin Lu, Yaguang Millner, Patricia Feng, Hao TI Sanitation and Design of Lettuce Coring Knives for Minimizing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Contamination SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL AB This study was undertaken to examine the effect of ultrasound in combination with chlorine on the reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations on lettuce coring knives. Two new coring devices designed to mitigate pathogen attachment were fabricated and evaluated. The coring rings of the knives were dip inoculated with soil slurry containing 106 E. coli cells and treated with chlorinated water with and without ultntsonication for 30, 60, and 120 s. The rough welding joints on currently used in-field lettuce coring knives provided a site conducive to bacterial attachment and resistant to cell removal during sanitation treatment. The two modified coring knives harbored significantly fewer E. coli cells than did the currently used commercial model, and the efficacy of the disinfection treatment was high (P < 0.05). Ultrasound treatment reduced the E. coli O157:1-17 counts to below the detection limit of 1.10 log CFU/cm(2) at both the coring ring blade and welding joint within 30 s in 1 ppm of chlorinated water. The redesigned coring knives and an ultrasound plus chlorine combination treatment may provide practical options for minimizing the microbial safety hazards of lettuce processed by core-in-field operations. C1 [Zhou, Bin; Feng, Hao] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lu, Yaguang; Millner, Patricia] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM haofeng@illinois.edu FU California Leafy Green Research Board; Center for Produce Safety [2009-48] FX We thank R. Keith Parrish (MechSE Machine Shop, University of Illinois. Urbana-Champaign) for his assistance with the design and fabrication of the two prototype lettuce coring knives. This project was sponsored by the California Leafy Green Research Board and the Center for Produce Safety (project 2009-48). NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-218 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 907GS UT WOS:000301406400019 PM 22410232 ER PT J AU Farrow, RL Edrington, TS Krueger, NA Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Farrow, R. L. Edrington, T. S. Krueger, N. A. Genovese, K. J. Callaway, T. R. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Lack of Effect of Feeding Citrus By-Products in Reducing Salmonella in Experimentally Infected Weanling Pigs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB The objective of the current research was to determine if feeding the citrus by-products D-limonene (DL) and citrus molasses would reduce the concentration and prevalence of Salmonella in weanling pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Twenty crossbred weanling pigs (average body weight [BM, 19.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: control, low-dose DL (1.5 ml/kg of BW per day), high-dose DL (3.0 ml/kg of BW per day), and citrus molasses (0.05 kg/kg of BW per day). Treatments were administered in the feed (twice daily) for 7 days, with one-half of the dose administered at each feeding. Fecal samples were collected twice daily (prior to administration of treatment) and cultured for quantitative and qualitative determination of the challenge strain of Salmonella. Upon termination of the study, pigs were euthanized and tissues from the stomach, ileum, cecum, spiral colon, and rectum, as well as luminal contents, were collected. In addition, the popliteal and ileocecal lymph nodes and liver, spleen, and tonsil tissue were collected for qualitative Salmonella culture. No significant treatment differences (P > 0.05) were observed among treatments for fecal concentration or prevalence of Salmonella throughout the 7-day collection period. Likewise, no treatment differences (P > 0.05) were observed for any of the tissue or luminal content samples collected. Salmonella was not cultured from the muscle-bound popliteal lymph node but was cultured from the mesenteric ileocecal lymph nodes. While there were no effects in the current experiment, future research may examine the effect of a lower challenge dose and/or different administration (dose or duration) of the citrus by-products. C1 [Farrow, R. L.; Edrington, T. S.; Krueger, N. A.; Genovese, K. J.; Callaway, T. R.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tom.edrington@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 3 BP 573 EP 575 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-416 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 907GS UT WOS:000301406400021 PM 22410233 ER PT J AU Dean, KM Vandenberg, JD Griggs, MH Bauer, LS Fierke, MK AF Dean, Kimberly M. Vandenberg, John D. Griggs, Michael H. Bauer, Leah S. Fierke, Melissa K. TI Susceptibility of two hymenopteran parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Emerald ash borer; Parasitoids; Spathius; Tetrastichus; Biocontrol; Beauveria ID EMERALD ASH BORER; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; NATURAL ENEMIES; CHINA; GREENHOUSE; VIRULENCE; TEMPERATURE; EULOPHIDAE; ENCYRTIDAE; PESTS AB Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, native to Asia, is killing ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) across 15 states and southeastern Canada. Integrated pest management using biological control is the only viable long-term approach for controlling the spread of EAB outside of host resistance. Three hymenopteran parasitoids, Spathius agrili Yang. Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang, and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang were discovered attacking EAB in China and were approved for release in the United States in 2007. The objective of this study was to assess susceptibility of the larval parasitoid species S. agrili and T. planipennisi, relative to that of EAB, to Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus that infects and kills EAB adults when sprayed on ash bark or foliage. Adult EAB and parasitoids were exposed to B. bassiana inoculated ash twigs for 2 h and then monitored daily for death and signs of infection for up to 10 days. All EAB adults exposed to B. bassiana were fatally infected while mean survival for control EAB was 77%. Average survival in the treatment groups for T. planipennisi and S. agrili were 99% and 83%, respectively, indicating these parasitoids are relatively unaffected by exposure to B. bassiana. This research elucidates interactions between a fungal pathogen and two parasitoids of EAB, and provides data necessary to developing a successful multi-stage integrated management approach to control of EAB. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dean, Kimberly M.; Fierke, Melissa K.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Vandenberg, John D.; Griggs, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dean, KM (reprint author), SUNY Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 1 Forestry Dr,148 Illick Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM kmdean01@syr.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.12.004 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 905LU UT WOS:000301274500006 PM 22245471 ER PT J AU Bourgeois, L Beaman, L Holloway, B Rinderer, TE AF Bourgeois, Lelania Beaman, Lorraine Holloway, Beth Rinderer, Thomas E. TI External and internal detection of Nosema ceranae on honey bees using real-time PCR SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nosema ceranae; Real-time PCR; Pathogen detection ID APIS-MELLIFERA; INFECTION AB Numerous methods exist for molecular-based detection of Nosema ceranae. Here we determine location of parasite loads, the optimal tissue for pathogen detection, and the likely sources of variability among assays. Bee washes and head/thorax samples revealed substantial N. ceranae loads (2.67 x 10(4) +/- 1.12 x 10(4) and 1.83 x 10(4) +/- 4.14 x 10(3)). Midgut samples carried the highest parasite loads (3.42 x 10(6) +/- 1.84 x 10(6)), followed by the hindgut (5.50 x 10(5) +/- 3.24 x 10(5)). We recommend using midgut samples for molecular-based detection and quantification of N. ceranae because of the low variability among samples. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bourgeois, Lelania; Beaman, Lorraine; Holloway, Beth; Rinderer, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Bourgeois, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM lanie.bourgeois@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP 323 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.01.002 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 905LU UT WOS:000301274500009 PM 22266204 ER PT J AU Post, RC Herrup, M Chang, S Leone, A AF Post, Robert C. Herrup, Mary Chang, Sarah Leone, Angela TI Getting Plates in Shape Using SuperTracker SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Post, Robert C.; Herrup, Mary; Chang, Sarah] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. [Leone, Angela] Panum Grp, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Post, RC (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 112 IS 3 BP 354 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jand.2012.01.009 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 905VU UT WOS:000301305100002 PM 22709662 ER PT J AU Tussing-Humphreys, L Pustacioglu, C Nemeth, E Braunschweig, C AF Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa Pustacioglu, Cenk Nemeth, Elizabeta Braunschweig, Carol TI Rethinking Iron Regulation and Assessment in Iron Deficiency, Anemia of Chronic Disease, and Obesity: Introducing Hepcidin SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Review DE Iron; Hepcidin; Obesity; Anemia of chronic disease; Iron deficiency ID SERUM TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; Y GASTRIC BYPASS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MORBID-OBESITY; BARIATRIC SURGERY; OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN; MENSTRUATING WOMEN; FERRITIN INDEX; DIETARY IRON; HEALTHY-MEN AB Adequate iron availability is essential to human development and overall health. Iron is a key component of oxygen-carrying proteins, has a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, and is essential to cell growth and differentiation. Inadequate dietary iron intake, chronic and acute inflammatory conditions, and obesity are each associated with alterations in iron homeostasis. Tight regulation of iron is necessary because iron. is highly toxic and human beings can only excrete small amounts through sweat, skin and enterocyte sloughing, and fecal and menstrual blood loss. Hepcidin, a small peptide hormone produced mainly by the liver, acts as the key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls movement of iron into plasma by regulating the activity of the sole known iron exporter ferroportin-1. Downregulation of the ferroportin-1 exporter results in sequestration of iron within intestinal enterocytes, hepatocytes, and iron-storing macrophages reducing iron bioavailability. Hepcidin expression is increased by higher body iron levels and inflammation and decreased by anemia and hypoxia. Importantly, existing data illustrate that hepcidin may play a significant role in the development of several iron-related disorders, including the anemia of chronic disease and the iron dysregulation observed in obesity. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss iron regulation, with specific emphasis on systemic regulation by hepcidin, and examine the role of hepcidin within several disease states, including iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, and obesity. The relationship between obesity and iron depletion and the clinical assessment of iron status will also be reviewed. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:391-400. C1 [Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa] USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pustacioglu, Cenk; Braunschweig, Carol] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Nutr, Chicago, IL USA. [Nemeth, Elizabeta] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Tussing-Humphreys, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, 282 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lisa.tussing@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health [R01 DK082717] FX Dr Nemeth's effort was supported by National Institutes of Health grant no. R01 DK082717. NR 91 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 112 IS 3 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.038 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 905VU UT WOS:000301305100007 PM 22717199 ER PT J AU Mathews, PD da Silva, VMF Rosas, FCW Neto, JAD Lazzarini, SM Ribeiro, DC Dubey, JP Vasconcellos, SA Gennari, SM AF Mathews, Patrick D. da Silva, Vera M. F. Rosas, Fernando C. W. d'Affonseca Neto, Jose A. Lazzarini, Stella M. Ribeiro, Daniella C. Dubey, Jitender P. Vasconcellos, Silvio A. Gennari, Solange M. TI OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND LEPSTOSPIRA SPP. IN MANATEES (TRICHECHUS INUNGUIS) OF THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Leptospira spp.; Trichechus inunguis; serology; Brazil ID CALIFORNIA COAST; SEROPREVALENCE; DOLPHINS; LEPTOSPIROSIS AB The presence of Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. antibodies was investigated in 74 manatees (Trichechus inunguis [Mammalia: Sirenia]) kept in captivity in two rescue units in the northern region of Brazil. Antibodies to T gondii were detected in 29 (39.2%) of 74 animals by using the modified agglutination test (titer, 1:25). For antibodies against Leptospira spp., sera were diluted 1:50 and tested against 24 strains of leptospires by microscopic agglutination microtechnique, and positive samples were end titrated. Twenty-three (31.1%) of 74 animals were reactive to four serovars (Patoc 21/23, Castellonis 2/23, Icterohaemorrhagiae 1/23, and Butembo 1/23), with titers ranging from 100 to 1,600. This is the first report of antibodies against T gondii and Leptospira spp. in T. inunguis from the Brazilian Amazon. C1 [Gennari, Solange M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Vet Med, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Mathews, Patrick D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Biomed Sci, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [da Silva, Vera M. F.; Rosas, Fernando C. W.; d'Affonseca Neto, Jose A.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Aquat Mammals Lab, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Lazzarini, Stella M.; Ribeiro, Daniella C.] Aquat Mammals Preservat & Res Ctr ELETROBRAS Amaz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gennari, SM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Vet Med, Av Prof Orlando Marques Paiva 87, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM sgennari@usp.br RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPE); CAPES; Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel; One World-One Health Brazil (Wildlife Conservation Society); Associacao Amigos do Peixe-boi/Petrobras Ambiental Program FX The authors thank CAPES, Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior for the grant to PDM, One World-One Health Brazil (Wildlife Conservation Society) for the partial funding of the project, and G. Braga for help with statistical analyses. The Aquatic Mammals Laboratory/National Institute of Amazonian Research received financial support from the Associacao Amigos do Peixe-boi/Petrobras Ambiental Program. S.M.G. and S.A.V. are funded by a fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPE). NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 909KV UT WOS:000301564300010 PM 22448513 ER PT J AU Ross-Davis, AL Hanna, JW Kim, MS Klopfenstein, NB AF Ross-Davis, Amy L. Hanna, John W. Kim, Mee-Sook Klopfenstein, Ned B. TI Advances toward DNA-based identification and phylogeny of North American Armillaria species using elongation factor-1 alpha gene SO MYCOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Armillaria root disease; DNA sequencing; Phylogenetics; Physalacriaceae; Species identification ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCES; PATTERNS; OSTOYAE; MARKERS; NUCLEAR AB The translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) gene was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among 30 previously characterized isolates representing ten North American Armillaria species: A. solidipes (=A. ostoyae), A. gemina, A. calvescens, A. sinapina, A. mellea, A. gallica, A. nabsnona, North American biological species X, A. cepistipes, and A. tabescens. The phylogenetic relationships revealed clear separation of all ten North American Armillaria species, with the exception of one A. gallica isolate that perhaps represents an unnamed cryptic species. These results indicate that the EF-1 alpha gene could potentially serve as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing among currently recognized North American biological species of Armillaria. C1 [Ross-Davis, Amy L.; Hanna, John W.; Klopfenstein, Ned B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kim, Mee-Sook] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Klopfenstein, NB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service-RMRS; Forest and Woodland Ecosystems Program [07-JV-11221662-285]; USDA Forest Service, S&PF Forest Health Monitoring FX The project was supported by USDA Forest Service-RMRS, Forest and Woodland Ecosystems Program, Research Joint Venture Agreement (07-JV-11221662-285), and the Special Technology Development Program of the USDA Forest Service, S&PF Forest Health Monitoring. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1340-3540 J9 MYCOSCIENCE JI Mycoscience PD MAR PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10267-011-0148-x PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 910LO UT WOS:000301638800012 ER PT J AU McGlone, CM Sieg, CH Kolb, TE Nietupsky, T AF McGlone, Christopher M. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Kolb, Thomas E. Nietupsky, Ty TI Established native perennial grasses out-compete an invasive annual grass regardless of soil water and nutrient availability SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Competition; Greenhouse; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Water availability ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; GREAT-BASIN; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN; CHEATGRASS; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; INVASIBILITY; PERSISTENCE AB Competition and resource availability influence invasions into native perennial grasslands by non-native annual grasses such as Bromus tectorum. In two greenhouse experiments we examined the influence of competition, water availability, and elevated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability on growth and reproduction of the invasive annual grass B. tectorum and two native perennial grasses (Elymus elymoides, Pascopyrum smithii). Bromus tectorum aboveground biomass and seed production were significantly reduced when grown with one or more established native perennial grasses. Conversely, average seed weight and germination were significantly lower in the B. tectorum monoculture than in competition native perennial grasses. Intraspecific competition reduced per-plant production of both established native grasses, whereas interspecific competition from B. tectorum increased production. Established native perennial grasses were highly competitive against B. tectorum, regardless of water, N, or P availability. Bromus tectorum reproductive potential (viable seed production) was not significantly influenced by any experimental manipulation, except for competition with P. smithii. In all cases, B. tectorum per-plant production of viable seeds exceeded parental replacement. Our results show that established plants of Elymus elymoides and Pascopyrum smithii compete successfully against B. tectorum over a wide range of soil resource availability. C1 [McGlone, Christopher M.; Nietupsky, Ty] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McGlone, Christopher M.; Kolb, Thomas E.; Nietupsky, Ty] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP McGlone, CM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, POB 15017, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM chris.mcglone@nau.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ; Ecological Restoration Institute FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. The authors wish to thank the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ and the staff and students at the Ecological Restoration Institute for their support in conducting this study. P. Fule and J. Belnap gave excellent advice during the establishment of this study and reviewed early drafts of this manuscript. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 213 IS 3 BP 445 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s11258-011-9992-1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 909VC UT WOS:000301592600008 ER PT J AU Brown, PD Wooster, D Johnson, SL DeBano, SJ AF Brown, P. D. Wooster, D. Johnson, S. L. DeBano, S. J. TI Effects of water withdrawals on macroinvertebrate emergence: Unexpected results for three holometabolous species SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE life history; temperature; discharge; water abstraction; agriculture; Helicopsyche; Petrophila; Glossosoma ID AQUATIC INSECTS; LIFE-HISTORY; STREAM INVERTEBRATES; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; SIZE VARIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; TRICHOPTERA; PATTERNS; FLOW AB Small, low-head diversion dams are capable of withdrawing much of the flow of a river, often resulting in elevated water temperatures. Accelerated growth and development of aquatic invertebrates has been demonstrated in warmer temperatures, suggesting that the timing of insect emergence and adult body size may be significantly altered by water withdrawals. To examine the influence of summer water withdrawals on aquatic invertebrate life histories, emergence timing and adult body mass of three holometabolous species were monitored continuously for 910 weeks on the Umatilla and Walla Walla Rivers in arid northeastern Oregon. On each river, multiple sample sites were located along gradients of decreasing discharge and increasing water temperatures caused by successive diversions. C1 [Brown, P. D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wooster, D.; DeBano, S. J.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hermiston, OR USA. [Johnson, S. L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brown, PD (reprint author), Utah Div Wildlife Resources, 4790 S 7500 W, Hooper, UT 84315 USA. EM pdbrow@gmail.com FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35102-16305] FX We thank Anne Madsen, Chiho Kimoto, Sarah Carlson, Abigail Arnspiger and Kimberly Tanner for their help in field collection. We thank Bill Gerth, Scott Miller and Norm Anderson for valuable input on life history ecology and taxonomic identification. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number #2005-35102-16305. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1002/rra.1460 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 903MU UT WOS:000301121500006 ER PT J AU Caamano, D Goodwin, P Buffington, JM AF Caamano, D. Goodwin, P. Buffington, J. M. TI Flow structure through pool-riffle sequences and a conceptual model for their sustainability in gravel-bed rivers SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Gravel-bed rivers; pools; riffles; 3-d models; Red River; ADCP measurements; MIKE 3 FM ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; VELOCITY REVERSAL; LOAD TRANSPORT; MEANDER; HYDRAULICS; HYPOTHESIS; CHANNELS; STREAM AB Detailed field measurements and simulations of three-dimensional flow structure were used to develop a conceptual model to explain the sustainability of self-formed pool-riffle sequences in gravel-bed rivers. The analysis was conducted at the Red River Wildlife Management Area in Idaho, USA, and enabled characterization of the flow structure through two consecutive pool-riffle sequences, including: identification of jet concentration and dissipation zones, and the development of local turbulence features (i.e. vertical and horizontal eddies) under different flow conditions. Three-dimensional hydraulic simulations were used to evaluate how the flow structure varies across a range of flow conditions and with different degrees of sediment aggradation within the upstream pool. The analysis demonstrated a significant influence of the residual pool depth on the flow structure, with reduced residual depth causing a shift in the orientation of the jet and a reduction in the influence of vertical eddies and the size and intensity of horizontal eddies. The proposed conceptual model seeks to explain the sustainability of pools in terms of the flow structure in pool-riffle morphology and how this flow structure will change as a result of altered external forcing, such as upstream sediment delivery or changes in bank stability. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Caamano, D.] Univ Concepcion, Ctr EULA Chile, Concepcion, Chile. [Goodwin, P.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Buffington, J. M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Caamano, D (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Ctr EULA Chile, Barrio Univ S-N, Concepcion, Chile. EM dcaamano@udec.cl FU Chilean Government "Beca Presidente de la Republica para Estudios en el Extranjero"; DeVlieg Foundation; University of Concepcion, Chile; Advanced Computing and Modeling Laboratory at the University of Idaho [P116Z010107]; National Science Foundation Idaho EPSCoR, Grant Grand Challenge Initiative; National Science Foundation [EPS-0447689] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Chilean Government "Beca Presidente de la Republica para Estudios en el Extranjero", the DeVlieg Foundation and the University of Concepcion, Chile. Additional support was provided by Congressional Award: Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (Award Number P116Z010107) Advanced Computing and Modeling Laboratory at the University of Idaho, the National Science Foundation Idaho EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Improvement (RII) Grant Grand Challenge Initiative, 2005-2008, the National Science Foundation under Award No. EPS-0447689 and DHI, Denmark. We thank the anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1002/rra.1463 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 903MU UT WOS:000301121500009 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Reeves, WK Miller, MM Massung, RF AF Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. Miller, Myrna M. Massung, Robert F. TI Coxiella burnetii, the Agent of Q Fever, in Domestic Sheep Flocks from Wyoming, United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Abortion; Coxiella burnetii; Livestock; Q fever; Sheep ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. It has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. We conducted a serological survey of domestic sheep herds for infections with C. burnetii in Wyoming following reports of abortion and open ewes. Based on the serologic evidence, there was no link between reproductive problems and exposure to C. burnetii. However, the overall prevalence of C. burnetii in WY sheep was 7%, which indicates that the agent is present in the environment and could pose a threat to public health. C1 [Loftis, Amanda D.] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. [Reeves, Will K.; Miller, Myrna M.] USDA, Dept Vet Sci, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY USA. [Massung, Robert F.] CDC, Dept Vet Sci, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USAF, SAM, PHR, 2951 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1089/vbz.2011.0760 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 906NX UT WOS:000301353600003 PM 22022809 ER PT J AU Arjunan, NK Murugan, K Rejeeth, C Madhiyazhagan, P Barnard, DR AF Arjunan, Naresh Kumar Murugan, Kadarkarai Rejeeth, Chandrababu Madhiyazhagan, Pari Barnard, Donald R. TI Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for the Control of Mosquito Vectors of Malaria, Filariasis, and Dengue SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Biosynthesis; Larvicidal; Pupicidal; Silver nanoparticles ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; EXTRACELLULAR BIOSYNTHESIS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AU AB A biological method was used to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles that were tested as mosquito larvicides against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Annona squamosa leaf broth (5%) reduced aqueous 1 mM AgNO3 to stable silver nanoparticles with an average size of 450 nm. The structure and percentage of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of silver nanoparticles that killed fourth instars of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. stephensi were 0.30, 0.41, and 2.12 ppm, respectively. Adult longevity (days) in male and female mosquitoes exposed as larvae to 0.1 ppm silver nanoparticles was reduced by similar to 30% (p < 0.05), whereas the number of eggs laid by females exposed as larvae to 0.1 ppm silver nanoparticles decreased by 36% (p < 0.05). C1 [Arjunan, Naresh Kumar; Murugan, Kadarkarai; Rejeeth, Chandrababu; Madhiyazhagan, Pari] Bharathiar Univ, Dept Zool, Sch Life Sci, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Barnard, Donald R.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Arjunan, NK (reprint author), Bharathiar Univ, Dept Zool, Sch Life Sci, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. EM naresharjun06@yahoo.co.in NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1089/vbz.2011.0661 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 906NX UT WOS:000301353600013 PM 22022807 ER PT J AU Kim, H Amatya, DM Broome, SW Hesterberg, DL Choi, M AF Kim, Hyunwoo Amatya, Devendra M. Broome, Stephen W. Hesterberg, Dean L. Choi, Minha TI Sensitivity analysis of the DRAINWAT model applied to an agricultural watershed in the lower coastal plain, North Carolina, USA SO WATER AND ENVIRONMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE agricultural water management; bedslope; drainage outflow; DRAINWAT; Manning's roughness coefficient; potential evapotranspiration; surface depressional storage; water table depth ID NITROGEN SIMULATION-MODEL; DRAINMOD-N-II; PINE PLANTATIONS; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; QUALITY MODEL; EXPORT; GIS; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT; DRAINAGE AB The DRAINWAT, DRAINmod for WATershed model, was selected for hydrological modelling to obtain water table depths and drainage outflows at Open Grounds Farm in Carteret County, North Carolina, USA. Six simulated storm events from the study period were compared with the measured data and analysed. Simulation results from the whole study period and selected rainfall events assured that the DRAINWAT model reasonably predicted the water table depths and drainage outflow events even though it underestimated outflows in very dry period after 24 April, 2001. The potential evapotranspiration by various calculation methods was found to be the most sensitive parameter in this study. The other three parameters (maximum surface depressional storage, Manning's channel roughness coefficient, and channel bedslope) were not significantly (a?=?0.05) sensitive to the cumulative outflow as expected. The DRAINWAT model may be a useful tool for water management in flat agricultural areas with high water table if it can be calibrated properly with reliable measurements. C1 [Amatya, Devendra M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Kim, Hyunwoo; Choi, Minha] Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Broome, Stephen W.; Hesterberg, Dean L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Amatya, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 3734 Highway 402, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. EM damatya@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Center for Forested Wetlands Research based in Cordesville, South Carolina; North Carolina Clean Water Management Trust; N.C. Agricultural Research Service, N.C. State University, USA; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0005005] FX This research was conducted while the senior author was in the Department of Soil Science at NC State University. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of USDA Forest Service, Center for Forested Wetlands Research based in Cordesville, South Carolina, the North Carolina Clean Water Management Trust Fund, and the N.C. Agricultural Research Service, N.C. State University, USA, and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0005005). NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1747-6585 J9 WATER ENVIRON J JI Water Environ. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 130 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2011.00283.x PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 897RN UT WOS:000300673100015 ER PT J AU Irwin, PL Nguyen, LHT Chen, CY Uhlich, GA Paoli, GC AF Irwin, Peter L. Nguyen, Ly-Huong T. Chen, Chin-Yi Uhlich, Gaylen A. Paoli, George C. TI A method for correcting standard-based real-time PCR DNA quantitation when the standard's polymerase reaction efficiency is significantly different from that of the unknown's SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Real-time PCR or qPCR; 16S rDNA or rRNA gene; DNA quantitation ID CHAIN-REACTION; THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION; QUANTIFICATION; COLI AB Standard-based real-time or quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantitation of an unknown sample's DNA concentration (i.e., [DNA](unk)) assumes that the concentration dependence of the standard and unknown reactions (related to reaction efficiency, E) are equivalent. In our work with background food-borne organisms which can interfere with pathogen detection, we have found that it is generally possible to achieve an acceptable E (1 +/- 0.05) for standard solutions by optimizing the PCR conditions, template purity, primer sequence, and amplicon lengths. However, this is frequently not true for the solutions containing unknown amounts of target DNA inasmuch as cell extracts are more chemically complex than the standards which have been amplified (2(30)-fold) as well as undergone a purification process. When significant differences in E occur, it is not possible to accurately estimate unknown target DNA concentration from the standard solution's slope and intercept (from threshold cycle number, or C (T) , versus Log[DNA] data). What is needed is a standard-mediated intercept which can be specifically coupled with an unknown solution's PCR concentration dependence. In this work, we develop a simple mathematical procedure to generate a new standard curve with a slope (a,C (T) /a,Log[Dilution](unk)) derived from at least three dilutions of the unknown target DNA solution ([DNA](unk)) and an intercept calculated from the unknown's C (T) s, DNA concentrations interpolated from the standard curve (i.e., the traditional estimate of [DNA](unk)), and a,C (T) /a,Log[Dilution](unk). We were able to achieve this due to our discovery of the predictable way in which the observed and ideal C (T) versus Log[DNA] slopes and intercepts deviate from one another. This "correction" in the standard-based [DNA](unk) determination is typically 20-60% when the difference in the standard and unknown E is > 0.1. C1 [Irwin, Peter L.; Nguyen, Ly-Huong T.; Chen, Chin-Yi; Uhlich, Gaylen A.; Paoli, George C.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Irwin, PL (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM peter.irwin@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 402 IS 9 BP 2713 EP 2725 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-5737-9 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 904EX UT WOS:000301178000004 PM 22327964 ER PT J AU Liefert, WM Liefert, O AF Liefert, William M. Liefert, Olga TI Russian Agriculture during Transition: Performance, Global Impact, and Outlook SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE Russia; transition; agricultural trade; grain; institutions; WTO accession; F14; P27; P32; Q17 ID CROP PRODUCTION; EFFICIENCY; ECONOMY; MARKET; REFORM; GRAIN AB In the 2000s, Russia emerged as a major player in world agricultural markets, on both the supply (mainly grain) and demand side. This article examines Russias agricultural transition experience, which has resulted in a complex system of diverse producers and institutions, as well as uneven performance. Using a model of transition agriculture, the article explores how key reform policies drove systemic change and commodity restructuring, and how the ensuing changes in the production, consumption, and trade of goods have affected world markets. The article also assesses the performance of Russian agriculture during transition, and provides an outlook for the future. C1 [Liefert, William M.; Liefert, Olga] USDA, Market & Trade Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Liefert, WM (reprint author), USDA, Market & Trade Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM wliefert@ers.usda.gov NR 73 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2040-5790 J9 APPL ECON PERSPECT P JI Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy PD SPR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 37 EP 75 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppr046 PG 39 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 891OL UT WOS:000300226400002 ER PT J AU Mancino, L Kuchler, F AF Mancino, Lisa Kuchler, Fred TI Demand for Whole-grain Bread Before and After the Release of Dietary Guidelines SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE D12; I18 ID RECOMMENDATIONS; INFORMATION; AMERICANS; POLICY AB The federal government has issued Dietary Guidelines for Americans seven times since 1980, but the 2005 whole-grain recommendation was the first instance in which consumers were given a specific dietary target, that whole grains should be at least half of their grain consumption. Anecdotal evidence pointed to a unique result, an increase in demand for whole-grain foods. Contemporaneous decreases in prices of whole-grain foods, relative to refined-grain foods, however, confound the evidence. We show that for whole-grain bread, there was an increase in retail demand even after accounting for price changes. Separate models for higher- and lower-income consumers show that the demand shift occurred among higher-income consumers, but not for lower-income consumers. C1 [Mancino, Lisa; Kuchler, Fred] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Mancino, L (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Lmancino@ers.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2040-5790 J9 APPL ECON PERSPECT P JI Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy PD SPR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 76 EP 101 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppr035 PG 26 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 891OL UT WOS:000300226400003 ER PT J AU Hagerman, AD McCarl, BA Carpenter, TE Ward, MP O'Brien, J AF Hagerman, Amy D. McCarl, Bruce A. Carpenter, Tim E. Ward, Michael P. O'Brien, Joshua TI Emergency Vaccination to Control Foot-and-mouth Disease: Implications of its Inclusion as a U.S. Policy Option SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE H50; D60; D80 ID EPIDEMIC; MITIGATION; STRATEGIES; SIMULATION; VACCINES; OUTBREAK AB Emergency animal vaccination has been used in recent international foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks, but current USDA policy favors emergency vaccination use only if standard culling practices alone may not be enough to control spread of the disease. Using simulation modeling, we examine implications of standard culling plus emergency ring vaccination strategies on animal loss and economic welfare loss compared to a standard culling base. Additionally, breakeven risk aversion coefficient analysis is used to examine emergency vaccination as a risk management strategy. Results indicate that response enhanced with emergency vaccination is inferior to standard culling under short diagnostic delays because it causes, on average, greater animal and national economic welfare losses. We find that emergency vaccination does have merit as a risk management strategy, as it can reduce the likelihood of an extreme outbreak. C1 [Hagerman, Amy D.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [McCarl, Bruce A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Carpenter, Tim E.; O'Brien, Joshua] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, CADMS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ward, Michael P.] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Hagerman, AD (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ahagerman@ers.usda.gov RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011; Ward, Michael/C-5758-2009 FU Department of Homeland Security National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense FX The research was partially funded through the Department of Homeland Security National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense from January 2009 until December 2010. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2040-5790 J9 APPL ECON PERSPECT P JI Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy PD SPR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 119 EP 146 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppr039 PG 28 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 891OL UT WOS:000300226400005 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Skory, CD AF Cote, Gregory L. Skory, Christopher D. TI Cloning, expression, and characterization of an insoluble glucan-producing glucansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1118 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Dextransucrase; Glucansucrase; Glucosyltransferase ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; DEXTRANSUCRASE ACTIVITY; METAL-IONS; IBT-PQ; B-1355; B-512F; PURIFICATION; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; ALTERNANSUCRASE AB We have cloned a glucansucrase from the type strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (NRRL B-1118; ATCC 8293) and successfully expressed the enzyme in Escherichia coli. The recombinant processed enzyme has a putative sequence identical to the predicted secreted native enzyme (1,473 amino acids; 161,468 Da). This enzyme catalyzed the synthesis of a water-insoluble alpha-D-glucan from sucrose (K (M) 12 mM) with a broad pH optimum between 5.0 and 5.7 in the presence of calcium. Removal of calcium with dialysis resulted in lower activity in the acidic pH range, effectively shifting the pH optimum to 6.0-6.2. The enzyme was quickly inactivated at temperatures above approximately 45A degrees C. The presence of dextran offered some protection from thermal inactivation between room temperature and 40A degrees C but had little effect above 45A degrees C. NMR and methylation analysis of the water-insoluble alpha-d-glucan revealed that it had approximately equal amounts of alpha(1 -> aEuro parts per thousand 3)-linked and alpha(1 -> aEuro parts per thousand 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and a low degree of branching. C1 [Cote, Gregory L.; Skory, Christopher D.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM greg.cote@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 2387 EP 2394 DI 10.1007/s00253-011-3562-2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 904GF UT WOS:000301181600014 PM 21915612 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Bowman, MJ Braker, JD Dien, BS Hector, RE Lee, CC Mertens, JA Wagschal, K AF Jordan, Douglas B. Bowman, Michael J. Braker, Jay D. Dien, Bruce S. Hector, Ronald E. Lee, Charles C. Mertens, Jeffrey A. Wagschal, Kurt TI Plant cell walls to ethanol SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cellulose; co-fermentation; economics; hemicellulose; lignin; physiochemical pretreatment ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS; FERULIC ACID ESTERASE; XYLOSIDASE/ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; ALKALINE PEROXIDE DELIGNIFICATION; FIBER CORCHORUS-CAPSULARIS; COMPARATIVE SUGAR RECOVERY; PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY; PRETREATED CORN STOVER; D-XYLOSE TRANSPORT AB Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol constitutes second generation bioethanol production. The process consists of several steps: biomass selection/genetic modification, physiochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and separation. Ultimately, it is desirable to combine as many of the biochemical steps as possible in a single organism to achieve CBP (consolidated bioprocessing). A commercially ready CBP organism is currently unreported. Production of second generation bioethanol is hindered by economics, particularly in the cost of pretreatment (including waste management and solvent recovery), the cost of saccharification enzymes (particularly exocellulases and endocellulases displaying k(cat) similar to 1 s(-1) on crystalline cellulose), and the inefficiency of co-fermentation of 5- and 6-carbon monosaccharides (owing in part to redox cofactor imbalances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae). C1 [Jordan, Douglas B.; Bowman, Michael J.; Braker, Jay D.; Dien, Bruce S.; Hector, Ronald E.; Mertens, Jeffrey A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lee, Charles C.; Wagschal, Kurt] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 194 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 93 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 EI 1470-8728 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 442 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1042/BJ20111922 PN 2 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 902LA UT WOS:000301038400001 PM 22329798 ER PT J AU Chlan, CA Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Cleveland, TE AF Chlan, C. A. Rajasekaran, K. Cary, J. W. Cleveland, T. E. TI Expression patterns of cotton chloroplast genes during development: implications for development of plastid transformation vectors SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE chloroplast; Gossypium hirsutum; PCR; promoters; transcriptional regulation ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; GENOME; TOBACCO; PLANTS; OVEREXPRESSION; TRANSGENES; HERBICIDE; SELECTION AB Although most plastid transformation studies have focused on chloroplast expression, plastid transformation can also be used to express genes in plastids of a wide variety of plant tissues by using appropriate plastid promoters. Based on the sequence of the Gossypium hirsutum chloroplast genome, we developed primers and amplified segments of 20 different plastid genes. The PCR products were labeled and used in filter dot blot hybridization studies to characterize their expression levels and patterns in total RNA isolated from light- and dark-grown cotton tissues at different developmental stages. A subset of 6 genes among these was further characterized by real time PCR. Highest expression levels were observed for rrn16 and psbA. Four genes were expressed in all samples at relatively constant levels: accD, atpA, matK and rrn16. Expression in root tissue was generally low. The results of our study can be used to predict which operons and promoters are most likely to be preferentially expressed in the plastids of tissues of interest at levels that would result in the desired phenotype, facilitating the development of plastid transformation vectors. C1 [Chlan, C. A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Rajasekaran, K.; Cary, J. W.; Cleveland, T. E.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chlan, CA (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM cchlan@louisiana.edu FU USDA/ARS [58-64-35-8-300] FX USDA/ARS Cooperative Research Agreement 58-64-35-8-300, 2009-2011. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 BP 126 EP 130 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 904FF UT WOS:000301178800020 ER PT J AU Jiao, SS Johnson, JA Fellman, JK Mattinson, DS Tang, J Davenport, TL Wang, SJ AF Jiao, Shunshan Johnson, Judy A. Fellman, John K. Mattinson, Dennis S. Tang, Juming Davenport, Tom L. Wang, Shaojin TI Evaluating the storage environment in hypobaric chambers used for disinfesting fresh fruits SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GREEN ASPARAGUS; EXPOSURE TIME; VACUUM; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; CONTAINERS; VEGETABLES; MORTALITY; HUMIDITY; LARVAE AB Low pressure (LP) treatment has potential as an alternative non-chemical postharvest disinfestation method for fresh fruits. A validated computer simulation model was used to determine the thickness of foam insulation needed to cover the hypobaric chamber walls in order to stabilise the air temperature within the hypobaric chambers that were housed in a cold storage room with fluctuating air temperatures. The stability of pressure, temperature and relative humidity levels in the LP system was evaluated together with various O-2 concentrations, evacuation, venting and leakage rates. Results showed that the added foam covering the chambers maintained the temperature variation of the hypobaric chamber wall to within +/- 0.2 degrees C and inside air to within +/- 0.1 degrees C. The regulating system kept pressure to within +/- 1% of the set point, and maintained relative humidity at nearly saturated levels (>98%) under various air exchange rates and pressures, with a chamber leakage rate of 0.009 kPa h(-1) and LP system leakage rate of 0.480 kPa h(-1). Given that the hypobaric chamber displayed adequate performance characteristics, further studies will be conducted to evaluate LP treatment efficacy for fresh fruits. (C) 2011 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Shaojin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Jiao, Shunshan; Tang, Juming; Wang, Shaojin] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, Judy A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Fellman, John K.; Mattinson, Dennis S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davenport, Tom L.] Atlas Technol, VivaFresh Div, Florida City, FL 33034 USA. RP Wang, SJ (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM shaojinwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 FU USDA-NIFA-PMA [2010-343813-21619] FX This research was supported by grant from USDA-NIFA-PMA (2010-343813-21619) and conducted at Washington State University Agricultural Research Centre. We sincerely thank Atlas Technologies (Port Townsend, WA, USA) for providing the two hypobaric chamber systems and, R. Bothell, J. Bothell and T. Davenport for leasing, installing and tuning the LP system. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 111 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.12.003 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 905ME UT WOS:000301275500004 ER PT J AU Han, SS Sue, LY Berndt, SI Selhub, J Burdette, LA Rosenberg, PS Ziegler, RG AF Han, Summer S. Sue, Laura Y. Berndt, Sonja I. Selhub, Jacob Burdette, Laurie A. Rosenberg, Philip S. Ziegler, Regina G. TI Associations between Genes in the One-Carbon Metabolism Pathway and Advanced Colorectal Adenoma Risk in Individuals with Low Folate Intake SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISM; ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE; CANCER-RISK; POLYPS; SURVEILLANCE; GUIDELINE; TISSUES; SCAN AB Background: Folate is essential for one-carbon metabolism, a pathway required by DNA synthesis, methylation, and repair. Low dietary and circulating folate and polymorphic variation in this pathway are associated with increased risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer. Methods: We genotyped 882 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 82 one-carbon metabolism genes for 1,331 cases of advanced colorectal adenoma, identified by sigmoidoscopy at baseline, and 1,501 controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). We evaluated associations between one-carbon genes and adenoma risk in all subjects and stratified by folate intake. We applied the Adaptive Rank Truncated Product (ARTP) method to assess statistical significance at the gene and pathway levels. Results: Folate intake was inversely associated with advanced colorectal adenoma risk [odds ratio (OR) by quartile = 0.85, P = 1.9 x 10(-5)]. We found no statistically significant associations between one-carbon genes and adenoma risk in all subjects. As hypothesized, we observed a statistically significant pathway-level association (P = 0.038) in the lowest quartile of folate; no significant associations were found in higher quartiles. Several genes including adenosine deaminase (ADA) and cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1) contributed to this signal (gene-level P = 0.001 and 0.0073, respectively). The most statistically significant SNP was rs244072 in ADA (P = 2.37 x 10(-5)). Conclusions and Impact: Stratification by dietary folate and application of the ARTP method revealed statistically significant pathway-and gene-level associations between one-carbon metabolism genes and risk of advanced colorectal adenoma, which were not apparent in analysis of the entire population. Folate intake may interact with associations between common variants in one-carbon metabolism genes and colorectal adenoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 417-27. (C) 2012 AACR. C1 [Han, Summer S.] NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Epidemiol & Biostat Program,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Burdette, Laurie A.] NCI, Core Genotyping Facil, Adv Technol Ctr, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet,NIH, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Han, SS (reprint author), NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Epidemiol & Biostat Program,NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8089, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM summer.han@nih.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0782 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 905PG UT WOS:000301284100005 PM 22253295 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP Cramer, CJ Csonka, GI AF French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. Cramer, Christopher J. Csonka, Gabor I. TI Conformational analysis of cellobiose by electronic structure theories SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aqueous solvation; Carbohydrate; Cellulose; Conformational analysis; Disaccharide; Mapping ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CELLULOSE; DISACCHARIDES; SIMULATIONS AB Adiabatic phi/psi maps for cellobiose were prepared with B3LYP density functional theory. A mixed basis set was used for minimization, followed with 6-31+G(d) single-point calculations, with and without SMD continuum solvation. Different arrangements of the exocyclic groups (38 starting geometries) were considered for each phi/psi point. The vacuum calculations agreed with earlier computational and experimental results on the preferred gas phase conformation (anti-phi(H), syn-psi(H)), and the results from the solvated calculations were consistent with the (syn phi(H)/psi(H) conformations from condensed phases (crystals or solutions). Results from related studies were compared, and there is substantial dependence on the solvation model as well as arrangements of exocyclic groups. New stabilizing interactions were revealed by Atoms-In-Molecules theory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [French, Alfred D.; Johnson, Glenn P.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cramer, Christopher J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cramer, Christopher J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Csonka, Gabor I.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Chem, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Al.French@ars.usda.gov RI Csonka, Gabor/A-8225-2008; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Csonka, Gabor/0000-0001-5701-4401; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 FU New Hungary Development Plan [TA MOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0002] FX Monica Concha, senior technician, carried out many of the calculations including the AIM analyses. Martin Frank and Carlos Stortz kindly commented on a draft of this manuscript. Support for A. D. F., G.P.J. and M. C. came from normal USDA-ARS appropriations. Supplementary funding associated with this effort came from Cotton, Incorporated. This work is connected to the scientific program of the 'Development of quality-oriented and harmonized R + D + I strategy and functional model at BME' project, supported by the New Hungary Development Plan (Project ID: TA MOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0002). NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 350 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.023 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 903OM UT WOS:000301127400010 PM 22265378 ER PT J AU German, SE Kolmer, JA AF German, S. E. Kolmer, J. A. TI Leaf Rust Resistance in Selected Uruguayan Common Wheat Cultivars with Early Maturity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; INHERITANCE; VARIETIES; GENETICS; PATHOGENS; FRONTANA; REGION AB Leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Uruguay; therefore breeding for resistance to this disease has been a long-term objective for the INIA wheat-breeding program. Information on the identity of resistance genes present in the program is required to design strategies to breed for effective and more durable resistance. The leaf rust resistance genes present in seven adapted cultivars that have been extensively used in crosses were studied. Races of Puccinia triticina with different virulence combinations were used to determine which seedling resistance genes may be present in six cultivars. Genetic analysis of seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) was conducted on BC1F2 and F-3 generations from four cultivars crossed with the susceptible cultivar Thatcher. The cultivar Estanzuela Tarariras was postulated to have Lr3bg and genetically determined to have Lr13 and Lr34; INIA Boyero was postulated to have Lr26 and genetically determined to have Lr13 and Lr34; Estanzuela Benteveo was postulated to have Lr3a and Lr26 and genetically determined to have Lr13. Estanzuela Pelon 90 was postulated to have Lr1, Lr17a, and Lr26 and genetically determined to have Lr34; INIA Cabure was postulated to have Lr24; INIA Churrinche was postulated to have Lr10 and Lr24; and INIA Tero was postulated to have Lr17a and Lr24. INIA Boyero and Estanzuela Benteveo carry additional APR gene(s) that might be useful sources of resistance in addition to Lr34. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [German, S. E.] Natl Inst Agr Res La Estanzuela, Colonia 70000, Uruguay. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jim.kolmer@ars.usda.gov FU Cereal Research Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Winnipeg MB; USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN; Canadian International Development Agency (Wheat Pathology and Tillage CIDA/INIA) [964/1463] FX Research support was provided by the Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Winnipeg MB, and by the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN. The research was supported with funding from the Canadian International Development Agency (Wheat Pathology and Tillage CIDA/INIA Project 964/1463). We thank Richard Garcia and Elena Caballero for their technical assistance. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.06.0335 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400014 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ AF Graybosch, Robert A. Peterson, C. James TI Specific Adaptation and Genetic Progress for Grain Yield in Great Plains Hard Winter Wheats from 1987 to 2010 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVARS AB A previous investigation, using region-wide data from Great Plains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding trials, indicated a possible plateau in the rate of genetically determined yield potential. Data from the same USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) coordinated long-term regional performance nurseries was used to further examine the rate of genetic improvement of Great Plains winter wheats in specific agro-ecological or production zones over the time period 1987 to 2010. The absolute grain yield of all entries and of the top five most productive entries increased in the majority of production zones over this time period. The relative rate of genetic improvement, obtained by comparing grain yields to those of the long-term control cultivar Kharkof, ranged from not significantly different from zero to 1.98% yr(-1). This rate of change, however, was statistically significant (alpha = 0.05) in only two of the 12 zones evaluated. Variance components identified production zone and locations within production zone as being the largest sources of variation in grain yields. Variance due to either genotype or genotype x environmental factors remained both constant over the 24-yr time period and small, relative to the environmental variances. Genetic progress for enhanced wheat yield in the region might be limited by the magnitude of these environmental variances and by constraints arising from continuous evolution of pest and pathogen populations. C1 [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Peterson, C. James] Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 631 EP 643 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0412 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400017 ER PT J AU Valdez, VA Byrne, PF Lapitan, NLV Peairs, FB Bernardo, A Bai, GH Haley, SD AF Valdez, Victoria A. Byrne, Patrick F. Lapitan, Nora L. V. Peairs, Frank B. Bernardo, Amy Bai, Guihua Haley, Scott D. TI Inheritance and Genetic Mapping of Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance in Iranian Wheat Landrace Accession PI 626580 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; WINTER-WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BREAD WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; ALLELIC RELATIONSHIPS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA AB Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), is a significant insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and has had a major economic impact worldwide, especially on winter wheat in the western United States. Development of resistant cultivars remains the most viable method for RWA control, although the continuing emergence of new RWA biotypes virulent to deployed resistance genes reinforces the need for the discovery of new sources of resistance. Iranian wheat landrace accession PI 626580 has shown high levels of resistance to RWA biotypes 1 (RWA1) and 2 (RWA2), but the inheritance and chromosomal location of this resistance is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of RWA2 resistance, identify closely linked markers, and map the chromosomal location of RWA2 resistance found in PI 626580. Bulked segregant analysis was conducted with a mapping population of 154 F-2 individuals derived from a single plant selection made from PI 626580 and 'Yuma' (a susceptible wheat cultivar). Phenotypic segregation of RWA2 resistance suggested a single dominant gene, provisionally designated Dn626580. Linkage mapping analysis identified three simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, Xbarc214, Xgwm473, and Xgwm437, proximally linked to Dn626580 near the centromere on the short arm of chromosome 7D at distances of 1.8, 5.0, and 8.2 cM, respectively. Dn626580, a new resistance gene found in PI 626580, could be used alone or by pyramiding with other resistance genes to develop cultivars with effective RWA resistance. C1 [Valdez, Victoria A.; Byrne, Patrick F.; Lapitan, Nora L. V.; Haley, Scott D.] Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peairs, Frank B.] Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bernardo, Amy] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, HWWGKU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.haley@colostate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) [795, 646]; Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee; Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, USDA-CSREES [2008-34205-19341, 2009-34205-19960]; National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service CAP [2006-55606-16629]; USDA Food and Agricultural Sciences [2007-04203] FX This research was supported in part by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) Projects 795 and 646, the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee and Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, USDA-CSREES Special Research Grants Nos. 2008-34205-19341 and 2009-34205-19960, the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service CAP Grant No. 2006-55606-16629, and the USDA Food and Agricultural Sciences National Needs Graduate Fellowship Grants Program award number 2007-04203. We wish to acknowledge Terri Randolph and Jeff Rudolph at the Colorado State University Insectary for all of their expertise and support for RWA resistance evaluations. We would like to give a special thank you to Hana Simkova at the Institute of Experimental Botany in the Czech Republic for providing us with insertion site-based polymorphism marker sequences and for personal communications regarding genetic linkage of these markers in our region of interest. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 676 EP 682 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.06.0331 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400022 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Chee, PW Lubbers, E Bowman, DT Meredith, WR Johnson, J Fraser, D Bridges, W Jones, DC AF Campbell, B. T. Chee, P. W. Lubbers, E. Bowman, D. T. Meredith, W. R., Jr. Johnson, J. Fraser, D. Bridges, W. Jones, D. C. TI Dissecting Genotype x Environment Interactions and Trait Correlations Present in the Pee Dee Cotton Germplasm Collection following Seventy Years of Plant Breeding SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIBER QUALITY; UPLAND COTTON; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; YIELD; CULTIVARS AB Genotype x environment (G x E) interactions and trait correlations significantly impact efforts to develop high-yield, high-quality, and environmentally stable Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. Knowledge of both can and should be used to design optimal breeding programs and effective selection criteria. In this study, we examined the G x E interactions and trait correlations present in the 70-yr Pee Dee cotton germplasm enhancement program. Since beginning in 1935, the Pee Dee program has employed a variety of unique germplasm and breeding methods to release >80 improved germplasm lines and cultivars. Results suggest that significant G x E interactions exist for several agronomic and fiber quality performance traits that are mostly due to changes in magnitude. Negative genotypic correlations still persist between lint percent/lint yield and fiber length/fiber strength. However, apparently the breeding methods and selection criteria used over 70 yr have lessened the negative relationship between agronomic performance and fiber quality over time to some degree. The results provide cotton breeders a resource to select specific Pee Dee germplasm lines for increased environmental stability. Cotton breeders can also use the information herein to select specific Pee Dee germplasm lines that represent rare recombination events that combine high yield and fiber quality potential. C1 [Campbell, B. T.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Chee, P. W.; Lubbers, E.] Univ Georgia, Mol Cotton Breeding Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Bowman, D. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Meredith, W. R., Jr.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Johnson, J.] Dow Agrosci, Leland, MS 38756 USA. [Fraser, D.] Monsanto Co, Hartsville, SC 29550 USA. [Bridges, W.] Clemson Univ, Dep Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jones, D. C.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Campbell, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM todd.campbell@ars.usda.gov FU CRIS of the U.S. Department of Agriculture [6657-21000-006-00D]; Cotton Incorporated FX This research project was supported by funding from CRIS No. 6657-21000-006-00D of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and a grant from Cotton Incorporated. Special thanks to Bobby Fisher and summer students for technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 690 EP 699 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0380 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400024 ER PT J AU Lu, HJ Kottke, R Devkota, R St Amand, P Bernardo, A Bai, GH Byrne, P Martin, TJ Haley, SD Rudd, J AF Lu, Huangjun Kottke, Rebecca Devkota, Ravindra St Amand, Paul Bernardo, Amy Bai, Guihua Byrne, Patrick Martin, Terry Joe Haley, Scott D. Rudd, Jackie TI Consensus Mapping and Identification of Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection of Wsm2 in Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RUST RESISTANCE GENE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; WINTER-WHEAT; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; GERMPLASM RESISTANT; REGISTRATION; INTERMEDIUM; VALIDATION; CO960293-2 AB A recently identified Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) resistance gene Wsm2 confers a high level of resistance. Objective of this study was to identify closely linked DNA markers for Wsm2 for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two segregating populations (CO960293-2 x 'TAM 111' and CO960293-2 x 'Yuma') of F-2:3 families were evaluated for response to WSMV infection in growth chamber experiments. Forty-eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) or sequence-tagged site (STS) markers were screened for polymorphism between the parents of both populations. In the CO960293-2 x TAM 111 population, five markers were mapped to the region of Wsm2 with XSTS3B-55 being the closest marker (5.2 cM distal to Wsm2). In the CO960293-2 x Yuma population, eight markers were linked to Wsm2 with the closest marker Xbarc102 linked at 3.9 cM proximal to Wsm2. Results from consensus mapping of the two populations suggested that Xbarc102 was distal to Wsm2. The marker Xbarc102 was associated with Wsm2 in all 22 wheat lines derived from crosses between susceptible parents and either CO960293-2 or 'RonL' (also carrying Wsm2). The marker allele Xbarc102-219-bp present in CO960293-2 was amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from Wsm2-carrying genotypes CO960293-w133, RonL, and 'Snowmass' but not from the resistant line KS96HW10-3 (carrying Wsm1) or the susceptible genotypes 'Karl 92', 'TAM 107', and 'N96L9970'. Therefore, this marker should be useful for MAS of Wsm2 in breeding programs. C1 [Lu, Huangjun; Devkota, Ravindra; Rudd, Jackie] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr Amarillo, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Kottke, Rebecca; Byrne, Patrick; Haley, Scott D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [St Amand, Paul; Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bernardo, Amy] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Martin, Terry Joe] KSU Ag Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Rudd, J (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr Amarillo, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM jcrudd@ag.tamu.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 FU Texas Wheat Producers Board; Texas AgriLife Research Monocot Improvement Program; Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee; Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP [2006-55606-16629] FX This research was supported by the grants from the Texas Wheat Producers Board, Texas AgriLife Research Monocot Improvement Program, the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, and the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 720 EP 728 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0363 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400027 ER PT J AU Springer, TL AF Springer, T. L. TI Variation for Canopy Morphology in Little Bluestem SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE AB Little bluestem, Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, is a native grass that has been shown to have high levels of genetic variation for traits such as biomass yield, disease resistance, plant height, leafiness, maturity, and seed yield. If high levels of genetic variation exist for these traits, it is likely that it would exist for other traits as well. Thus, the objectives were to describe the variation in traits that contribute to canopy morphology within and among little bluestem parental lines, an F-1 plant population, and selected F-1 populations. Plants were classified as not upright (NU), upright compact (UC), or upright open (UO) on the basis of their shape. As expected, all parental lines expressed considerable variation for frequencies of discrete morphological traits and for continuous morphological traits. The F-1 plant population was characterized by 12.2% NU plants, 22.4% UC plants, and 65.4% UO plants. The selected populations were fixed for several discrete variables, including growth form, lack of lodging, and little or no leaf rust. To fully exploit the genetic variability of little bluestem, it would be necessary to obtain ecotypes from throughout its natural range and breed and select for new genetic variation that could be captured through recurrent selection. Little bluestem is an ideal species for breeding new cultivars and/or germplasm lines for pasture and rangeland renovation, roadside revegetation, wildlife habitat, and recreation areas. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tim.springer@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0167 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400028 ER PT J AU Hobbs, HA Jossey, S Wang, Y Hartman, GL Domier, LL AF Hobbs, H. A. Jossey, S. Wang, Y. Hartman, G. L. Domier, L. L. TI Diverse Soybean Accessions Identified with Temperature-Sensitive Resistance to Tobacco Streak Virus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS; GLYCINE-MAX; TOMATO; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS; PLANTS; GENE; TRANSMISSION; MOVEMENT; VECTOR AB Tobacco streak virus (TSV) is a pathogen that has been reported in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil and the United States, for which resistance has only been reported in the "hay-type" soybean cultivar Tanner. To find additional resistant soybean genotypes, >1000 soybean accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection were evaluated for resistance to TSV in the greenhouse. No resistance was found in a 94-accession ancestral set, but 19 of 926 accessions screened from a geographically diverse set of soybean accessions were resistant to TSV infection. Further investigation showed that the resistance of the soybean accessions was temperature sensitive. When TSV-resistant plants were inoculated with TSV and grown at 24 degrees C for 17 to 20 d in a growth chamber, only 7% of inoculated plants became infected, based on virus antigen detected in noninoculated trifoliolate leaves. In contrast, when inoculated with TSV and grown at 32 degrees C for 17 to 20 d, 71% of TSV-resistant plants became systemically infected with TSV, including plants of the resistant control, Tanner, which was earlier identified as resistant to TSV infection and had never shown systemic TSV movement under greenhouse conditions. Because temperatures may equal or exceed 32 degrees C at times during the growing season in many soybean producing areas, it will be important to assess the potential usefulness of the TSV resistance under field conditions for several years before utilizing it in breeding programs. C1 [Hartman, G. L.; Domier, L. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hobbs, H. A.; Jossey, S.; Wang, Y.; Hartman, G. L.; Domier, L. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leslie.domier@ars.usda.gov FU Illinois Soybean Association; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This study was supported by funding from the Illinois Soybean Association and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.05.0265 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400029 ER PT J AU Bushman, BS Robins, JC Jensen, KB AF Bushman, B. Shaun Robins, Joseph C. Jensen, Kevin B. TI Dry Matter Yield, Heading Date, and Plant Mortality of Orchardgrass Subspecies in a Semiarid Environment SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L; GENUS DACTYLIS; NEW-ZEALAND; POPULATIONS; DROUGHT; FRANCE AB Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerate L.) is a highly variable, cool-season forage grass naturalized to nearly every continent. In the semiarid western United States, orchardgrass must produce forage under a semiarid summer season where supplemental irrigation is necessary, survive freezing winter temperatures, and yield when grown with later-maturing legumes. Collection efforts have garnered a diverse array of orchardgrass that includes a number of subspecies, yet none of these have been evaluated for orchardgrass breeding improvement potential in a semiarid cool-season environment. In this study, orchardgrass subspecies from high elevation origins and Mediterranean origins and those considered as ancestral to current cultivars were evaluated from dry matter yield (DMY), heading date, and plant mortality under irrigation and under nonirrigation. These accessions were compared to the cultivars Potomac, Paiute, and Latar. Accessions of high elevation subspecies and three of four Mediterranean subspecies showed significant plant mortality. The cultivars, subsp. woronowii (Ovcz.) Stebbins & Zohary accessions, and subsp. aschersoniana (Graebn.) Thell. accessions did not have significant plant mortality. Heading dates varied over 22 d, with cultivars among the earliest heading entries. For DMY, two accessions of subsp. woronowii showed equal or greater values than the three cultivars. Accessions with improved DMY and later heading dates over the cultivars were found, with potential to be used in orchardgrass selection and improvement in semiarid, cool-season environments. C1 [Bushman, B. Shaun; Robins, Joseph C.; Jensen, Kevin B.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM shaun.bushman@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 745 EP 751 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0498 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400030 ER PT J AU Yu, GT Wang, T Anderson, KM Harris, MO Cai, XW Xu, SS AF Yu, Guo Tai Wang, Tao Anderson, Kirk M. Harris, Marion O. Cai, Xiwen Xu, Steven S. TI Evaluation and Haplotype Analysis of Elite Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Lines for Resistance to Hessian Fly SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GENE-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; BIOTYPE COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; TRITICUM-TURGIDUM; TAN SPOT AB Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW), derived from the hybrids between tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) and Tausch's goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii Coss.), is an excellent source of resistance genes for various pests of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the elite SHW lines developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center for resistance to Hessian fly and to postulate the resistance genes present in the resistance lines. A total of 118 elite SHW lines and 35 durum wheat parents were evaluated for resistance to the Great Plains (GP) biotype of the Hessian fly. Fifty-two of the SHW lines were highly or moderately resistant to Hessian fly. Since all of the durum parents were susceptible, the resistance genes in these SHW lines were derived from the A. tauschii D genome. The 52 SHW lines were haplotyped using eight polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers closely linked to five resistance genes (H13, H22, H23, H26, and H32) previously identified in A. tauschii. The marker analysis revealed that 32 resistant SHW lines shared haplotypes with the wheat lines containing the five known resistance genes. Nineteen resistant SHW lines had different haplotypes, suggesting that these lines may contain new genes for resistance to Hessian fly. The resistant SHW lines identified in this study will be useful for the development of wheat cultivars resistant to the Hessian fly as well as for genetic and evolutionary studies of resistance genes. C1 [Xu, Steven S.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Yu, Guo Tai; Anderson, Kirk M.; Harris, Marion O.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Wang, Tao; Cai, Xiwen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) CRIS [5442-22000-033-00D] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) CRIS Project No. 5442-22000-033-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Department or Agriculture prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, generic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 752 EP 763 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.05.0290 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400031 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, M Norton, R Thorp, KR Wang, GY AF Gutierrez, Mario Norton, Randall Thorp, Kelly R. Wang, Guangyao TI Association of Spectral Reflectance Indices with Plant Growth and Lint Yield in Upland Cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; NITROGEN STATUS; WINTER-WHEAT; IRRIGATED COTTON; LEAF NITROGEN; BIOMASS; CHLOROPHYLL; PREDICTION; EFFICIENCY AB Canopy reflectance plays an increasingly important role in crop management and yield prediction at large scale. The relationship of four spectral reflectance indices with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and crop yield were investigated using three cotton varieties and five N rates in the irrigated low desert in Arizona during the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Biomass, LAI, and canopy reflectance indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI], simple ratio [SR], near-infrared index [NIR] and ratio vegetation index [RVI]) were determined at different growth stages. The commonly used NDVI and the other three canopy reflectance indices explained over 87% variation in cotton biomass (all R-2 > 0.87) and LAI (R-2 > 0.93). Indices SR, NIR, and RVI all had higher coefficients of determination (R-2) compared to NDVI because these indices were not saturated at late growth stages. There was no significant relationship between lint yield and the spectral indices measured at early growth stages. However, the spectral indices determined at peak bloom showed significant correlations with lint yield. Indices SR, NIR, and RVI explained 56, 60, and 58% of variations in cotton lint yield, respectively, while NDVI only explained 47% of variation in lint yield. This study suggests canopy reflectance indices can be used to predict cotton lint yield at peak bloom and the accuracy of yield prediction can be significantly improved when SR, NIR, and RVI are used. C1 [Gutierrez, Mario; Wang, Guangyao] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Norton, Randall] Univ Arizona, Safford Agr Ctr, Safford, AZ 85546 USA. [Thorp, Kelly R.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Maricopa Agr Ctr, 37860 W Smith Enke Rd, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM samwang@ag.arizona.edu RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 849 EP 857 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.04.0222 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400040 ER PT J AU Noah, RL Muir, JP Brady, JA Wittie, RD Kattes, DH Pitman, WD Rea, GL Brakie, MR AF Noah, Ray L. Muir, James P. Brady, Jeffrey A. Wittie, Roger D. Kattes, David H. Pitman, William D. Rea, Gary L. Brakie, Melinda R. TI Genotypic and Phenotypic Variability in Three Prairie Acacia Accessions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PANICLED TICK-CLOVER; WARM-SEASON LEGUMES; HERBAGE; DEFOLIATION; SEED AB This study examined three prairie acacia [Acacia angustissima var. hirta (Mill.) Kuntze var. hirta (Nutt.) B.L. Rob.] accessions from Texas for genetic overlap, adaptation to a wide range of latitudes, as well as seed and herbage yield, nutritive values, and effect of forage harvest on seed production at Stephenville, TX. The southernmost accession (Kingsville prairie acacia; KPA) yielded >400% more (P <= 0.05) herbage (3483 kg dry matter ha(-1) yr(-1)) at Stephenville, TX, than the other entries the third year after establishment. Herbage removal negatively (P <= 0.05) affected seed yield, which was as much as 2590 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for unharvested Plains germplasm prairie acacia (PPA) the second year after establishment. Final percent plot cover differed (P <= 0.05) among locations (Knox City, TX, 50%; Stephenville, TX, 100%; Nacogdoches, TX, 99%; Homer, LA, 61%). Differences (P <= 0.05) in leaf:stem ratios, some nutritive values, and crude protein yields were measured among accessions, with KPA showing the most promise where there were differences. Genetic analysis of inter-simple sequence repeat markers indicated the least within accession difference between two north Texas accessions (91 and 92% similarity) and the most difference between these two and KPA (79% similarity), which also presented a taller, woodier growth habit. Genetic variation within prairie acacia germplasm collected in Texas is expressed primarily in herbage production. C1 [Noah, Ray L.; Muir, James P.; Brady, Jeffrey A.] Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. [Wittie, Roger D.; Kattes, David H.] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Agron, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. [Pitman, William D.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Hill Farm Res Stn, Homer, LA 71040 USA. [Rea, Gary L.] James E Bud Smith Plant Mat Ctr, USDA NRCS, Knox City, TX 79529 USA. [Brakie, Melinda R.] E Texas Plant Mat Ctr, USDA NRCS, Nacogdoches, TX 75964 USA. RP Muir, JP (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, 1229 N US Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. EM j-muir@tamu.edu OI Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 951 EP 959 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0437 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400050 ER PT J AU Aiken, GE Goff, BM Witt, WW Kagan, IA Sleugh, BB Burch, PL Schrick, FN AF Aiken, Glen E. Goff, Ben M. Witt, William W. Kagan, Isabelle A. Sleugh, Byron B. Burch, Patrick L. Schrick, F. Neal TI Steer and Plant Responses to Chemical Suppression of Seedhead Emergence in Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEFLUIDIDE TREATMENT; SERUM PROLACTIN; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; FORAGE QUALITY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; CARBOHYDRATE; PASTURES; HORMONE; HEIFERS AB Chaparral herbicide has been shown to suppress seedhead emergence in tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] and potentially mitigate the effects of fescue toxicosis. A two-year grazing experiment evaluated steers grazed on endophyte-infected fescue-Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) pastures either treated or untreated with Chaparral herbicide to determine if seedhead suppression alleviates fescue toxicosis and increases average daily gain (ADG). Treatments were assigned to six, 3.0-ha fescue-bluegrass pastures in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Pastures were grazed with 48 steers (2.7 steers ha(-1)) from 9 Apr. to 1 July 2009 and 6 Apr. to 7 July 2010. Reproductive tiller densities in treated pastures were low in both years (<7 m(-2)) in comparison with untreated pastures (113 and 69 tillers m-2 in 2009 and 2010, respectively). Ergovaline and ergovalinine concentrations were three- to sixfold greater in seeds than in leaf blades and sheaths of vegetative and reproductive tillers. Crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, and in vitro digestible dry matter concentrations of tillers declined over time at a greater rate in untreated than in treated pastures. Steers on treated pastures had greater (P < 0.01) ADG, lower (P < 0.10) rectal temperatures, and greater (P < 0.01) serum prolactin concentrations. Results indicated that Chaparral herbicide can suppress reproductive development of fescue to increase ADG and reduce the severity of toxicosis. C1 [Aiken, Glen E.; Kagan, Isabelle A.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Goff, Ben M.; Witt, William W.] Univ Kentucky, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Sleugh, Byron B.] Dow AgroSci, Western Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93706 USA. [Burch, Patrick L.] Dow Agrosci, Christiansburg, VA 24073 USA. [Schrick, F. Neal] Univ Tennessee, Anim Sci Dep, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Univ Kentucky Campus, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM glen.aiken@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 960 EP 969 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0377 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400051 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Meek, DW AF Singer, Jeremy W. Meek, David W. TI Relationship between Interseeded Red Clover Biomass and Plant Number SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; CEREAL; YIELD AB Developing robust relationships between dry matter (DM) and plant number (PN) in interseeded red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and winter cereal systems are useful for predicting potential DM. Predicting DM months in advance enhances producers' ability to determine forage requirements. Data from five winter cereal and red clover studies conducted during the period 2003 to 2009 were synthesized to develop robust relationships between red clover DM and PN using treatments that included different winter cereal species and variety, winter cereal seeding rate, red clover variety, tillage, and soil amendment. Dry matter data were collected during two 40-d harvests after winter cereal harvest. The relationship between red clover PN and DM was described mathematically by a two-phase regression for both harvests following winter cereal harvest. During the first harvest, the relationship was described by a parabola in the first line segment while the second line segment had no slope. In the second harvest, the first line segment was a simple positive linear relationship and the second line segment also had no slope. The join point for the first harvest occurred at 90.3 plants m(-2) while the second harvest join point occurred at 42.3 plants m(-2). Red clover PN above 80 plants m(-2) likely provide around 90% of total maximum DM while red clover PN around 50 plants m(-2) likely only provides about 70% of total maximum DM. C1 [Singer, Jeremy W.; Meek, David W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jeremy.singer@basf.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 981 EP 985 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0350 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899EY UT WOS:000300800400053 ER PT J AU Besser, TE Highland, MA Baker, K Cassirer, EF Anderson, NJ Ramsey, JM Mansfield, K Bruning, DL Wolff, P Smith, JB Jenks, JA AF Besser, Thomas E. Highland, Margaret A. Baker, Katherine Cassirer, E. Frances Anderson, Neil J. Ramsey, Jennifer M. Mansfield, Kristin Bruning, Darren L. Wolff, Peregrine Smith, Joshua B. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Causes of Pneumonia Epizootics among Bighorn Sheep, Western United States, 2008-2010 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MANNHEIMIA-HAEMOLYTICA PNEUMONIA; OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS; MYCOPLASMA-OVIPNEUMONIAE; DOMESTIC SHEEP; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; MICROORGANISMS AB Epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep is a devastating disease of uncertain etiology. To help clarify the etiology, we used culture and culture-independent methods to compare the prevalence of the bacterial respiratory pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in lung tissue from 44 bighorn sheep from herds affected by 8 outbreaks in the western United States. M. ovipneumoniae, the only agent detected at significantly higher prevalence in animals from outbreaks (95%) than in animals from unaffected healthy populations (0%), was the most consistently detected agent and the only agent that exhibited single strain types within each outbreak. The other respiratory pathogens were frequently but inconsistently detected, as were several obligate anaerobic bacterial species, all of which might represent secondary or opportunistic infections that could contribute to disease severity. These data provide evidence that M. ovipneumoniae plays a primary role in the etiology of epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep. C1 [Besser, Thomas E.] Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Highland, Margaret A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cassirer, E. Frances] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID USA. [Anderson, Neil J.; Ramsey, Jennifer M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT USA. [Mansfield, Kristin] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Spokane Valley, WA USA. [Bruning, Darren L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Olympia, WA USA. [Wolff, Peregrine] Nevada Dept Wildlife, Reno, NV USA. [Smith, Joshua B.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Besser, TE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, POB 647034, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tbesser@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Nevada Department of Wildlife; Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Idaho Wildlife Disease Research Oversight Committee; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [7537]; [W-160-R] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; the Nevada Department of Wildlife; Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; the Idaho Department of Fish and Game; the Idaho Wildlife Disease Research Oversight Committee; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (study No. 7537), administered through the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks; and Project W-160-R, administered through the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 30 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.3201/eid1803.111554 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 902FM UT WOS:000301024000006 PM 22377321 ER PT J AU Winter, S Bock, A McRoberts, RE AF Winter, Susanne Boeck, Andreas McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Estimating tree species diversity across geographic scales SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Species-area curve; Forest category; Forest structure; International reporting; National forest inventory; Spatial autocorrelation ID FOREST BIODIVERSITY; PLANT DIVERSITY; AREA; RICHNESS; INDICATORS AB The relationship between number of species and area observed has been described using numerous approaches and has been discussed for more than a century. The general objectives of our study were fourfold: (1) to evaluate the behaviour of species area curves across geographic scales, (2) to determine sample sizes necessary to produce acceptably precise estimates of tree species diversity, (3) to evaluate relationships among estimates of tree species diversity for local to large geographic scales, and (4) to determine whether the proportion of native tree species may be precisely estimated using sample sizes smaller than those necessary to estimate total tree species diversity. Such investigations are necessary to improve biodiversity monitoring at large scales. The analytical approaches included Monte Carlo bootstrap simulations and two geospatial methods and relied on a database populated with data for more than 12,000 national forest inventory plots (NFI) from 16 regional units, 13 European countries and three ecoprovinces of the United States of America (USA). Four primary results were obtained. First, tree species diversity may be precisely estimated using observations for a random subsample of 2,000-4,000 NFI plots. Second, large sample sizes necessary to estimate tree species diversity for regional units or forest categories, except possibly for boreal forests for which the number of tree species is small. Third, estimates of the proportion of native tree species may be precisely estimated using tree species information for a random sample of approximately 30 NFI plots. Finally, our estimated species area curves show that the curve shapes and relationships among estimates of tree species diversity at large scales clearly depend on the relative geographic location of the anchor regional unit (a European country or ecoprovince of the USA) relative to the other regional units. None of the well-known models for species area curves adequately describes our results. The conclusion was that the uncertainties of the estimates reflect the unfavourable state of global biodiversity monitoring of species groups. The total numbers of tree species in our regional units, which cannot be adequately estimated, are small relative to other tree species-rich regions. Consequently, monitoring of tree species diversity is currently a highly uncertain enterprise at large scales. C1 [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Boeck, Andreas] Tech Univ Munich, Fachgbiet Biostat, Zentrum Math, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Winter, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Okol, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, Hans Carl von Carlowitz Pl 2, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM winter@wzw.tum.de; andreas.boeck@tum.de; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOREST RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 2 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s10342-011-0518-0 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 903BC UT WOS:000301088000015 ER PT J AU Juliano, P Bilbao-Sainz, C Koutchma, T Balasubramaniam, VM Clark, S Stewart, CM Dunne, CP Barbosa-Canovas, GV AF Juliano, P. Bilbao-Sainz, C. Koutchma, T. Balasubramaniam, V. M. Clark, S. Stewart, Cindy M. Dunne, C. P. Barbosa-Canovas, G. V. TI Shelf-Stable Egg-Based Products Processed by High Pressure Thermal Sterilization SO FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE High pressure; Processing; Sterilization; Egg; Egg product; Pasteurization; Shelf-stable; Commercialization ID INACTIVATION KINETICS; PACKAGING MATERIALS; WHOLE EGG; SPORES; FOOD; TEMPERATURES; PATTIES; QUALITY; MINCE AB Producing a thermally sterilized egg-based product with increased shelf life without losing the sensory and nutritional properties of the freshly prepared product is challenging. Until recently, all commercial shelf-stable egg-based products were sterilized using conventional thermal processing; however, this heat treatment was problematic as quality attributes of the product were negatively affected. Combining high pressure with high temperature is a potential alternative to retorting for the production of shelf-stable egg-based products. This review discusses the challenges of high pressure thermal sterilization as an alternative processing method of producing shelf-stable egg products. Attention is given to product improvement in terms of overall quality through modification of ingredients, formulation, processing and packaging, offering the industry a practical way to produce egg-based products with increased shelf life and appealing quality to the consumer. C1 [Juliano, P.] CSIRO Food & Nutr Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. [Bilbao-Sainz, C.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Koutchma, T.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Food Res Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada. [Balasubramaniam, V. M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Clark, S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Stewart, Cindy M.] PepsiCo Adv Res, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. [Dunne, C. P.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Barbosa-Canovas, G. V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Juliano, P (reprint author), CSIRO Food & Nutr Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. EM pablo.juliano@csiro.au RI Juliano, Pablo/H-9251-2013; Balasubramaniam, VM Bala/A-2576-2008 OI Juliano, Pablo/0000-0002-7425-8085; Balasubramaniam, VM Bala/0000-0002-1540-4273 FU Defense Logistics, Agency Combat Rations Network, Natick Soldier Center FX Financial and technical support was provided by the Defense Logistics, Agency Combat Rations Network, Natick Soldier Center. The authors would like to acknowledge the National Center for Food Safety and Technology as one of the key contributing organizations in this project. The authors also thank Avure, Michael Foods Egg Products Company and ALCAN Packaging for their significant contribution to this project. The authors also thank Dr. Kai Knoerzer, Dr. Michelle Bull, and Dr. Roman Buckow for their contributions to this manuscript. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-7910 J9 FOOD ENG REV JI Food Eng. Rev. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s12393-011-9046-4 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 899XF UT WOS:000300849300003 ER PT J AU Pavlista, AD Baltensperger, DD Isbell, TA Hergert, GW AF Pavlista, A. D. Baltensperger, D. D. Isbell, T. A. Hergert, G. W. TI Comparative growth of spring-planted canola, brown mustard and camelina SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Nebraska Panhandle; Oilseed crops; Fatty acids; Biofuel ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; TEMPERATURE AB With increased emphasis for diesel substitution, production of brown mustard (Brassica juncea), canola (Brassica napus) and camelina (Camelina sativa) used as biodiesels may increase in the High Plains. Since these are new crops to this region, understanding their growth is critical for their acceptance. The objective was to elucidate the growth pattern of these crops when spring-planted in western Nebraska. Field trials were conducted in 2005, 2006 and 2007 with early May planting. Plots were seeded 2 cm deep at 200 plants m(-2). Four plants were destructively sampled at about 28, 40, 53, 61, and 82 days after planting (DAP). Canopy growth was field measured. Canopy heights peaked by 61 DAP at 95, 85 and 70 cm for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. Stem length increased to 82 DAP at the rates of 1.24, 1.22 and 0.85 cm/d for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. Root weight accumulated linearly from 28 to 61 DAP. The Brassica grew roots faster and achieved higher weights than camelina. From 28 to 40 DAP, vine fresh weight accumulated rapidly for these crops, leveled and then gradually declined as leaves desiccated. Vine dry weight increased to 61 DAP and then plateaued. The maximum vine dry weights, reached at 61 DAP, were 4.3, 4.5 and 3.0 g/plant for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. By 61 DAP, pods were present and accumulated dry matter while leaves senesced. Pod fresh weight reached its peak at 61 DAP while its dry weight increased linearly to 82 DAP at rates of 0.36, 0.24 and 0.096 g/d for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. Harvest in 2006 showed no significant (p<0.05) difference between crops with a mean yield of about 1500 kg ha(-1). Fatty acid composition was dramatically different between the crops as previously reported. The growth patterns of these crops indicated that all three would be suitable for production in the northern High Plains. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pavlista, A. D.; Hergert, G. W.] Univ Nebraska, PREC, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Baltensperger, D. D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Isbell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Pavlista, AD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, PREC, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM apavlista@unl.edu FU Progressive Producers of Nebraska FX Authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of James Margheim, Ph.D., Eric Nielsen and Linda Manthey, and the financial support of Progressive Producers of Nebraska. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.07.020 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100002 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Vick, B Ebelhar, MW Buehring, N Astatkie, T AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Vick, Brady Ebelhar, M. Wayne Buehring, Normie Astatkie, Tess TI Nitrogen applications modify seed and oil yields and fatty acid composition of winter mustard SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Winter mustard; Mustard oil; Biodiesel; Oleic acid ID BRASSICA-JUNCEA; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; PLANTING DATE; CANOLA; FERTILIZATION; LOCATIONS; SUNFLOWER; ROOT AB Winter mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is not a common crop in the Southeastern United States. With increased interest in biodiesel production, there has been corresponding interest in mustard in this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha(-1)) on productivity, oil content, and oil composition of winter mustard 'Pacific Gold' grown at three locations in Mississippi (Stoneville, and two locations at Verona, namely Verona silt loam (Verona-SL) and Verona clay (Verona-C)). Nitrogen did not affect oil content (percent oil). Seed and oil yields (kg ha(-1)) increased with N application relative to the unfertilized control. At the Verona-C location, the concentration of oleic acid was higher in the 50 kg N ha(-1) treatment. At Stoneville, linolenic acid concentration was higher in the 150 kg N ha(-1) and lower in the 100 kg/N ha(-1) treatment, while it was not different in the other treatments. Overall, the yield of the fatty acids (FA) palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosanoic, behenic, erucic, lignoceric, and nervonic acid increased with higher N rates (100 or 150 kg N/h). The highest yield of FA in the two Verona locations were achieved in the 100 kg N ha(-1), while greatest yield of FA at Stoneville was achieved in the highest N rate (150 kg N ha(-1)). Means of mustard oil yields in our study in the higher fertility treatment ranged from 737 to 1094 kg ha(-1). This study demonstrated winter mustard production in Mississippi and possibly other areas in the Southeastern United States can be successful and could provide seed and oil yields comparable to yields from other production areas. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Vick, Brady] USDA ARS, Sunflower Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Ebelhar, M. Wayne] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Buehring, Normie] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, 663 Wyarno Rd, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. EM vjeliazk@uwyo.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU Department of Energy FX Authors acknowledge the financial support of the Department of Energy for the project "Feedstock for Sustainable Energy Systems in Mississippi". Authors thank Mr. Thomas Horgan, Mr. Mark Harrison, and Mr. Davis Clark for helping with field and laboratory. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.08.002 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100005 ER PT J AU Qu, LP Widrlechner, MP AF Qu, Luping Widrlechner, Mark P. TI Reduction of seed dormancy in Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. by in-dark seed selection and breeding SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Seed germination; Pale purple coneflower; Medicinal crop; Breeding method ID PURPUREA L MOENCH; PURPLE CONEFLOWER; COMMON COLD; GERMINATION; STRATIFICATION; ANGUSTIFOLIA; PREVENTION; ETHEPHON; EXTRACT; LIGHT AB Strong seed dormancy has been an obstacle for field production of Echinacea species. Previous research on overcoming Echinacea seed dormancy has been extensive and focused on treatment methods, which involve time and expense, and are incompatible with organic production if synthetic chemicals are used. We have attempted to genetically reduce seed dormancy through selection and breeding in Echinacea, by using Echinacea pallida as a model species. Three accessions were used in this study. Nine parent plants of each accession selected from early, in-dark germinated seeds (in-dark plants) or from late, in-light seeds (in-light plants) were planted and grouped by accession and germination treatment method for seed production through a polycross method. Germination tests indicated that these in-dark plants produced seed (in-dark seed) with significantly reduced seed dormancy when tested under light or dark condition in comparison to the seed of the in-light plants (in-light seed). Among the three accessions, the in-dark seed germinated at much higher rates than did the in-light seed, more than 2x at 25 degrees C under light and up to an 83x increase in darkness, and up to an 8x increase over the corresponding parental seed lots under comparable germination conditions. In addition to these increases in germination, the in-dark seed showed early and synchronized germination as compared to the in-light seed. Since these results were achieved through only one cycle of selection and breeding, they strongly suggest that we have developed a very effective method for modifying seed dormancy in Echinacea. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Qu, Luping; Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark.widrlechner@ars.usda.gov FU Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds [1018]; National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine [P5AT004155] FX The authors wish to thank Jeffrey Carstens and Nathan Johnson for their assistance in managing plants in the greenhouse and field, and Maria Erickson and David Kovach for their assistance with seed germination tests. We are also grateful to Drs. Kathleen Delate, Candice Gardner, Robert Geneve, Hector Perez, and two anonymous reviewers for their useful critiques of an earlier draft of this report. This journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, was supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds, and the research described herein was supported by Award Number P5AT004155 from the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine or the National Institutes of Health. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.08.012 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100015 PM 22081746 ER PT J AU Sutivisedsak, N Cheng, HN Dowd, MK Selling, GW Biswas, A AF Sutivisedsak, N. Cheng, H. N. Dowd, M. K. Selling, G. W. Biswas, A. TI Evaluation of cotton byproducts as fillers for poly(lactic acid) and low density polyethylene SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cottonseed hull; Cotton burr; Poly(lactic acid); Low-density polyethylene; Composites; Filler; Biodegradability ID DOUBLE-MELTING BEHAVIOR; POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; POTATO STARCH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; GREEN COMPOSITES; MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE; X-RAY; BLENDS AB Polymeric composites based on cotton burr and cottonseed bull have been prepared by melt blending and extrusion. For poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), addition of the fillers slightly changed the composite's thermal properties but significantly decreased the composite's mechanical properties. Heat treatment prior to extrusion resulted in composites with better tensile strength and Young's modulus. The use of maleic anhydride and peroxide only slightly improved the physical properties of the LDPE materials, but the effect was less clear for the PLA materials. The PLA-filler composites may be useful for lowering the cost of the materials in applications that can tolerate the decreased properties. In addition, the addition of fillers to LDPE might be beneficial in applications to improve stiffness or to improve biodegradability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sutivisedsak, N.; Selling, G. W.; Biswas, A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cheng, H. N.; Dowd, M. K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.08.016 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100021 ER PT J AU Compton, DL Laszlo, JA Evans, KO AF Compton, David L. Laszlo, Joseph A. Evans, Kervin O. TI Antioxidant properties of feruloyl glycerol derivatives SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE AAPH; Antioxidant; DPPH; Ferulate; Feruloyl glycerol ID CINNAMOYL GLYCEROL; ETHYL FERULATE; ACID; TRANSESTERIFICATION; DIACYLGLYCEROLS; LIPASE; ASSAYS; OILS AB The natural plant components, 1-feruloyl-sn-glycerol (FG) and 1,3-diferuloyl-sn-glycerol (F(2)G), were synthesized by the enzymatic esterification of glycerol and soybean oil mono- and diacylglycerols, respectively, with ethyl ferulate. The isolated FG and F(2)G were examined for their antioxidant activities as free radical scavengers (DPPH assay) and peroxyl lipid oxidation inhibitors (TBARS assay). The H atom transfer kinetics, as monitored by DPPH free radical bleaching, of FG showed that the mono-feruloyl glycerol acted as a rapid antioxidant (50% reduction of DPPH radical <5 min) in ethanol solutions while F(2)G and ferulic acid activity rates were in the range of intermediate antioxidants (50% reduction of DPPH radical in 5-30 min). FG and F(2)G showed similar activity as the control agent, ethyl ferulate, towards the inhibition of the AAPH-induced peroxyl radical oxidation of surfactant emulsified gamma-linolenic acid. A slight excess of feruloyl groups was sufficient to completely suppress the formation of secondary lipid oxidation products. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Compton, David L.; Laszlo, Joseph A.; Evans, Kervin O.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM david.compton@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.09.009 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100032 ER PT J AU Holt, GA Chow, P Wanjura, JD Pelletier, MG Coffelt, TA Nakayama, FS AF Holt, G. A. Chow, P. Wanjura, J. D. Pelletier, M. G. Coffelt, T. A. Nakayama, F. S. TI Termite resistance of biobased composition boards made from cotton byproducts and guayule bagasse SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Composite; Guayule; Cotton; Termite; Biobased ID EFFICACY; STALKS; RESIN AB Large quantities of cotton gin byproducts (CGB), also known as cotton gin trash or cotton gin waste, are being produced across the cotton belt of the United States annually. Similarly, guayule wastes after rubber latex production is expected to increase as this industry begins to expand. Use of these waste materials in value-added products can help the economics of the crops and aid in alleviating waste management issues and environmental problems. Conventional wood preservatives used to protect wood from insect and microbial damage are of concern to human health and the environment. Guayule bagasse (GB) has been shown to have termite control properties, and a combination of cotton gin and guayule wastes could also have such valuable properties. An initial study evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of boards produced from these two biomasses was published in 2009, this study is a continuation focusing on the termite resistance of boards produced. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the termite resistance property of experimental composition boards made from CGB and GB. Composition boards were made from five different ratios of CGB to GB: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (C100, C75-G25, C50-G50, C25-G75, and G100, respectively). Additionally, three-layered boards (3-layer) consisting of 25% GB (upper layer), 50% CGB (middle layer), and 25% GB (bottom layer) were made. For comparison, a commercial southern pine lumber board (SPB), a commercial oriented strandboard (OSB), and a commercial preservative treated medium density fiberboard (MDF) were included in the testing. This testing was an extension of a previous study where the mechanical properties of the CGB and GB composition boards were compared to select commercial standards. Five specimens were cut from each of the nine different board treatments and tested using Eastern subterranean termites. Weight loss, termite survival days, and visual grade of each specimen were determined according to testing standards. Results confirmed good termite control quality for boards made from GB alone. Boards containing CGB to GB ratios of 75-25 and 50-50 obtained similar termite resistance as the commercial OSB based on the total weight loss and one-week termite mortality rate. Visual grading of tested specimens revealed all six CGB and GB composition boards and the treated MDF showed better rating than the commercial OSB and pine lumber. No differences were noted among the total termite surviving days for the six CGB and GB composition boards. Overall, the biobased CGB and GB boards showed promise with the boards containing GB exhibiting improved termite resistance properties than SPB and OSB. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holt, G. A.; Wanjura, J. D.; Pelletier, M. G.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Chow, P.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Coffelt, T. A.; Nakayama, F. S.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Holt, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM greg.holt@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Inc., Cary, North Carolina FX This project was partially funded by Mr. Tom Wedegaertner of Cotton Inc., Cary, North Carolina. The authors thank Bill Motter of Hexion Specialty Chemicals Inc., Springfield, Oregon for providing the resin and wax used in this study. The authors also thank Dr. Philip Pearson for literature review, and Jimmie Castro and Roy Martinez for their assistance in processing the biomass used in this study. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.10.005 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100073 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Fish, WW AF Russo, V. M. Fish, W. W. TI Biomass, extracted liquid yields, sugar content or seed yields of biofuel feedstocks as affected by fertilizer SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Helianthus; Sorghum; Zea; Cultivar; Rate; Sweet corn; Variety ID CORN AB Harvesting products from plants for conversion into renewable resources is increasing in importance. Determination of nutrition requirements for the applicable crops is necessary, especially in regions where the biofuel feedstock crops have not been historically grown. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), two hybrids and one variety; sweet and grain (milo) sorghums (both Sorghum bicolor L), one variety each, and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.), four cultivars, were provided the recommended and twice the recommended rate of fertilizer. Biomass, expressed liquid volumes and sugar contents of sweet sorghum and sweet corn were determined. Grain yields of milo and sunflower and oil content of sunflower were determined. Sweet corn stalk sugar levels were below what is expected from field corn (maize), and were not affected by fertilizer rate. Sweet sorghum biomass and sugar content were within expected ranges and not affected by fertilizer rate. Milo grain yields were higher with increased fertilizer. Seed yield in Sunflower, which was below expected levels, was inconsistently affected by fertilizer rate, years or varieties. Overall crops year and cultivar/variety had more effect on results than did fertilizer. There does not appear to be a reason to provide fertilizer above recommended rates in production of these crops. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Russo, V. M.; Fish, W. W.] ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, 911 Hwy 3W,POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vincent.russo@ars.usda.gov; wayne.fish@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.019 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100081 ER PT J AU Rocateli, AC Raper, RL Balkcom, KS Arriaga, FJ Bransby, DI AF Rocateli, A. C. Raper, R. L. Balkcom, K. S. Arriaga, F. J. Bransby, D. I. TI Biomass sorghum production and components under different irrigation/tillage systems for the southeastern US SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Lignocellulosic biomass; Moisture content; Lignin; Ash ID SWEET SORGHUM; CROP YIELD; TILLAGE; SOIL; GROWTH; CORN; ENVIRONMENTS; SWITCHGRASS; BIOFUELS; CARBON AB Renewable energy sources are necessary to reduce the U.S. dependence on foreign oil. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) may be a reasonable alternative as an energy crop in the southern U.S. because it could easily fit into existing production systems, it is drought resistant, and it has large biomass production potential. An experiment was conducted to evaluate several types of sorghum as bioenergy crops in Alabama: grain sorghum - NK300 (GS), forage sorghum - SS 506 (FS), and photoperiod sensitive forage sorghum - 1990 (PS). These sorghum crops were compared to forage corn (Zea mays L) - Pioneer 31G65 in 2008 and 2009 with and without irrigation, and under conventional (total disked area, 0.15 m deep) and conservation tillage (in-row subsoiling, 0.30 m deep) in a strip-split-plot design. The parameters evaluated were: plant population (PP), plant height (PH), sorghum/corn aboveground dry matter (ADM), biomass moisture content (ABMC), and biomass quality (holocellulose, lignin, and ash). Sorghum had greater ADM than corn; however, corn had lower ABMC than sorghum. Lodging was observed in PS and FS, probably due to high plant populations (>370,000 plants ha(-1)). Irrigation affected ADM positively in both years, but conservation systems improved ADM production only in 2009. Holocellulose, lignin, and ash variation differed significantly among crops but were lower than 8.3%, 2.0% and 1.9%, respectively, for both years and considered minor. Under conditions of this study, PS was considered the best variety for ADM production as it yielded 26.0 and 30.1 Mg ha(-1) at 18 and 24 weeks after planting (WAP). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Raper, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Balkcom, K. S.; Arriaga, F. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Bransby, D. I.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Rocateli, A. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM randy.raper@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.007 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 900VZ UT WOS:000300921100085 ER PT J AU Shen, J Arnett, DK Parnell, LD Lai, CQ Straka, RJ Hopkins, PN An, P Feitosa, MF Ordovas, JM AF Shen, Jian Arnett, Donna K. Parnell, Laurence D. Lai, Chao-Qiang Straka, Robert J. Hopkins, Paul N. An, Ping Feitosa, Mary F. Ordovas, Jose M. TI The Effect of CYP7A1 Polymorphisms on Lipid Responses to Fenofibrate SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYP7A1; polymorphism; TG response; fenofibrate ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; 7-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE; COORDINATE REGULATION; BILE-ACIDS; MICE; TRIGLYCERIDE; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM AB Introduction: CYP7A1 encodes cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, an enzyme crucial to cholesterol homeostasis. Its transcriptional activity is downregulated by fenofibrate. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of CYP7A1 polymorphisms on lipid changes in response to fenofibrate. Methods: We examined the associations of 3 tagging single nuclear polymorphisms (i6782C>T, m204T>G, 3U12536A>C) at CYP7A1 with triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-C responses to a 3-week treatment with 160 mg/d of fenofibrate in 864 US white participants from the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. Results: The m204T>G variant was significantly associated with TG and HDL-C responses with fenofibrate. Individuals homozygous for the common T allele of m204T>G single nuclear polymorphism displayed both the greater reduction of TG (-32% for TT, -28% for GT, -25% for GG, P = 0.004) and an increase of HDL-C response compared with noncarriers (4.1% for TT, 3.4% for GT, 1.2% for GG, P = 0.01). Conversely, individuals homozygous for the minor allele of i6782C>T showed a greater increase in the HDL-C response compared with noncarriers (2.8% CC, 4.5% for CT, 5.8% for TT, P = 0.02), albeit no significant effect on TG response. Conclusions: Our data suggest that common variants at the CYP7A1 locus modulate the TG-lowering and HDL-C-raising effects of fenofibrate, and contribute to the interindividual variation of the drug responses. C1 [Shen, Jian] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Bone & Mineral Unit, Div Endocrinol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Shen, Jian; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hopkins, Paul N.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [An, Ping; Feitosa, Mary F.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO USA. [An, Ping; Feitosa, Mary F.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Shen, J (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Bone & Mineral Unit, Div Endocrinol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM shenjia@ohsu.edu RI Feitosa, Mary/K-8044-2012 OI Feitosa, Mary/0000-0002-0933-2410 FU NIH [53-K06-5-10]; US Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Research Service) [58-1950-9-001]; NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524] FX Supported by contract 53-K06-5-10 from NIH and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Research Service) and by NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-2446 J9 J CARDIOVASC PHARM JI J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1097/FJC.0b013e31823de86b PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 905PX UT WOS:000301285800007 PM 22075751 ER PT J AU Marcus, IM Bolster, CH Cook, KL Opot, SR Walker, SL AF Marcus, Ian M. Bolster, Carl H. Cook, Kimberly L. Opot, Stephen R. Walker, Sharon L. TI Impact of growth conditions on transport behavior of E. coli SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; CELL-SURFACE PROPERTIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL ADHESION; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; SOURCE TRACKING; MANURE; SOIL; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS AB The aim of this investigation is to determine the effect that growth solution has on the cell surface properties and transport behavior of eleven Escherichia coli isolates through saturated porous media. The two growth solutions used were a standard laboratory growth medium (LB) and a dairy manure extract solution. In general, cells grown in manure extract were more hydrophobic, had a more negative zeta potential, had lower amounts of surface macromolecules, and had lower attachment efficiencies than isolates grown in LB. An inverse relationship between the natural log of zeta potential and the attachment efficiency of the isolates for the cells grown in LB media was the only statistically significant correlation observed between transport behavior and cell characteristics of the isolates. This study shows the need to consider growth conditions when studying bacteria to better mimic the environmental stresses that bacteria undergo in the natural environment. This approach could lead to a better understanding of the behavior of manure-derived bacteria in aquatic and terrestrial environments. C1 [Marcus, Ian M.; Opot, Stephen R.; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bolster, Carl H.; Cook, Kimberly L.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM swalker@engr.ucr.edu FU CCRAA [P031C080183-09]; USDA CSREES [58609] FX The authors thank Stacy Antle for conducting the transport experiments. This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-product Utilization. Stephen Opot was funded by the CCRAA (fund #P031C080183-09), while Ian Marcus was funded by the USDA CSREES grant (fund #58609). Mention of a trademark or product anywhere in this paper is to describe experimental procedures and does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1039/c2em10960c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900GP UT WOS:000300875100028 PM 22330946 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, Brendan A. TI Cold Plasma Reduction of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Almonds Using Ambient Pressure Gases SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157:H7; food safety; nonthermal; nuts; Salmonella ID DECONTAMINATION; STERILIZATION; INACTIVATION AB Contamination of raw nuts, including almonds, is a food safety concern. Cold plasma is a novel antimicrobial intervention that can eliminate foodborne pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of rapid cold plasma treatments in eliminating Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from dry almonds. Three isolates of Salmonella (S. Anatum F4317, S. Stanley H0558, and S. Enteritidis PT30) and 3 isolates of E. coli O157:H7 (C9490, ATCC 35150, and ATCC 43894) were separately grown and spot-inoculated (10 mu L) onto whole almonds and allowed to dry for 10 min. Inoculated almonds were treated with a cold plasma jet, with treatment variables evaluated in a factorial design for each isolate: time, distance, and feed gas. Treatment time was 0 s (control), 10 s, or 20 s. Distance from the emitter was 2, 4, or 6 cm. Feed gas was dry air or nitrogen. After treatment, the almonds were sampled using swabs. Survivors were enumerated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates. Cold plasma significantly reduced both pathogens on almonds. The greatest reduction observed was 1.34 log cfu/mL reduction of E. coli O157:H7 C9490 after 20 s treatment at 6 cm spacing. The interaction of treatment time with distance from plasma emitter head was complex, and isolate-dependent. Longer duration of treatment did not always result in enhanced reductions. In general, nitrogen as a feed gas resulted in a reduced antimicrobial efficacy compared to dry air. These results indicate that short pulses of atmospheric pressure cold plasma can significantly reduce Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 on almonds. C1 ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Brendan.Niemira@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 77 IS 3 BP M171 EP M175 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02594.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 901OF UT WOS:000300976000015 PM 22384964 ER PT J AU Duan, SW Kaushal, SS Groffman, PM Band, LE Belt, KT AF Duan, Shuiwang Kaushal, Sujay S. Groffman, Peter M. Band, Lawrence E. Belt, Kenneth T. TI Phosphorus export across an urban to rural gradient in the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; RIVER-BASIN; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; NUTRIENT; EUTROPHICATION; TEMPERATURE; URBANIZATION; STREAMS AB Watershed export of phosphorus (P) from anthropogenic sources has contributed to eutrophication in freshwater and coastal ecosystems. We explore impacts of watershed urbanization on the magnitude and export flow distribution of P along an urban-rural gradient in eight watersheds monitored as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research site. Exports of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total P (TP) were lowest in small watersheds with forest and low-density residential land use (2.8-3.1 kg(-1) km(-2) yr(-1)). In contrast, SRP and TP exports increased with watershed impervious surface coverage and reached highest values in a small urban watershed (24.5-83.7 kg(-1) km(-2) yr(-1)). Along the Gwynns Falls, a larger watershed with mixed land use, the greatest proportion of SRP (68%) and TP (75%) was contributed from the lower watershed, where urban areas were the dominant land use. Load duration curve analysis showed that increasing urbanization in watersheds was associated with shifts in P export to high-flow conditions (>2 mm d(-1)). SRP concentrations during low-flow conditions at urban headwater sites were highest during summer and lowest during winter. This seasonal pattern was consistent with sediment incubation experiments showing that SRP release from sediments was temperature dependent. Our results suggest that shifts in streamflow and alterations in water temperatures owing to urbanization and climate can influence stream water P concentrations and P export from urban watersheds. C1 [Duan, Shuiwang; Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Band, Lawrence E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Belt, Kenneth T.] US Forest Serv, Baltimore Field Stn, No Res Stn, USDA, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Duan, SW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Dept Geol, 5825 Univ Res Ct,Rm 4049, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sduan@umd.edu RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013 OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) LTER [NSF DEB-9714835, NSF DEB-0423476, NSF DBI 0640300, NSF CBET 1058502]; Maryland Sea [SA7528085U, NA05OAR4171042, R/WS-2]; NASA [NNX11AM28G] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) LTER program (NSF DEB-9714835 and 0423476), NSF DBI 0640300, NSF CBET 1058502, Maryland Sea Grant SA7528085U, Maryland Sea Grant NA05OAR4171042, Maryland Sea Grant R/WS-2, and NASA NNX11AM28G. The authors thank Alysia Koufus Perry, Jessica Hopkins, Alex Kalejs, Emilie Stander, Nathan Forand, Alan Lorefice, Evan Grant, Amanda Thimmayya, Dan Dillon, and Lisa Martel for help with field sampling and laboratory and data analysis and Edward Doheny (USGS) for his work with the stream gauges and flow data between 1998 and 2007. Casey Sperling assisted with the laboratory sediment incubation experiments. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 69 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01025 DI 10.1029/2011JG001782 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 903PW UT WOS:000301131500001 ER PT J AU Chung, J Koo, K Lian, FZ Hu, KQ Ernst, H Wang, XD AF Chung, Jayong Koo, Kyeongok Lian, Fuzhi Hu, Kang Quan Ernst, Hansgeorg Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Apo-10 '-Lycopenoic Acid, a Lycopene Metabolite, Increases Sirtuin 1 mRNA and Protein Levels and Decreases Hepatic Fat Accumulation in ob/ob Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; LIVER-DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HEPG2 CELLS; VITAMIN-E; IN-VITRO; RATS; DIET; EXPRESSION; CAROTENOIDS AB Lycopene has been shown to be beneficial in protecting against high-fat diet-induced fatty liver. The recent demonstration that lycopene can be converted by carotene 9',10'-oxygenase into a biologically active metabolite, ALA, led us to propose that the function of lycopene can be mediated by ALA. In the present study, male ob/ob mice were fed a liquid high-fat diet (60% energy from fat) with ALA supplementation (ALA group, 240 mu g.kg body weight(-1).d(-1)) or without ALA supplementation as the control (C group) for 16 wk. Steatosis, SIRT1 expression and activity, genes involved in lipid metabolism, and ALA concentrations in the livers of mice were examined. The results showed that ALA supplementation resulted in a significant accumulation of ALA in the liver and markedly decreased the steatosis in the ALA group without altering body and liver weights compared to the C group. The mRNA and protein levels of hepatic SIRT1 were higher in the ALA group compared to the C group. SIRT1 activity also was higher in the ALA group, as indicated by the lower levels of acetylated forkhead box class O1 protein levels. In addition, the mRNA level of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 was significantly lower in the ALA group than in the C group. Because SIRT1 plays a key role in lipid homeostasis, the present study suggests that the lycopene metabolite, ALA, protects against the development of steatosis in ob/ob mice by upregulating SIRT1 gene expression and activity. J. Nutr. 142: 405-410, 2012. C1 [Chung, Jayong; Koo, Kyeongok; Lian, Fuzhi; Hu, Kang Quan; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chung, Jayong; Koo, Kyeongok] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. [Ernst, Hansgeorg] BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu RI Lian, Fuzhi/F-9083-2015 OI Lian, Fuzhi/0000-0002-0733-579X FU NIH [R01CA104932]; USDA [1950-51000-064S]; Kyung Hee University FX Supported by NIH grant R01CA104932 and USDA grant 1950-51000-064S. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIH and the USDA. J.C. was supported by a grant from the Kyung Hee University. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 142 IS 3 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.3945/jn.111.150052 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 899KX UT WOS:000300815900001 PM 22259190 ER PT J AU Wang, JP Pae, M Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Wang, Junpeng Pae, Munkyong Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits Expression of Receptors for T Cell Regulatory Cytokines and Their Downstream Signaling in Mouse CD4(+) T Cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID IL-2 RECEPTOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAINS; CYCLE PROGRESSION; BETA-CHAIN; C-MYC; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-2-RECEPTOR; STAT5; ALPHA AB We previously showed a suppressive effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on T cell cycling and expansion as well as a paradoxical effect on IL-2 levels (upregulating) and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)alpha expression (downregulating). Thus, in the current study, we tested the hypothesis that EGCG affects T cell responses via impairing the IL-2/IL-2R signaling. We found that EGCG inhibited anti-CD3/CD28-induced proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells from C57BL/6 mice. EGCG increased accumulation of IL-2 but inhibited expression of IL-2R, including all its subunits [IL-2R alpha, IL-2/IL-15R beta, and common gamma chain (gamma c)]. Using phosphorylation of STAT5 as a marker, we further found that EGCG suppressed IL-2R downstream signaling. Because IL-2R subunits IL-2/IL-15R beta- and gamma c are shared with IL-15R and gamma c is shared with IL-7R, we suspected that EGCG might also influence the signaling of IL-15 and IL-7, the two key regulators in maintaining T cell homeostasis. Results showed that EGCG suppressed IL-15 and IL-7 signaling; further, EGCG not only inhibited the subunits in IL-15R and IL-7R shared with IL-2R, but also affected their proprietary a chains in a manner that aligns with an impaired signaling. Although IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7 have separate and distinctive roles in regulating T cells, all of them are critical for T cell survival, expansion, and differentiation. Thus, these findings indicate an involvement of T cell growth cytokines in EGCG-induced T cell suppression through downregulated expression of their receptors and downstream signaling. This implies a potential application in controlling dysregulated T cell functions such as those observed in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. J. Nutr. 142: 566-571, 2012. C1 [Wang, Junpeng; Pae, Munkyong; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Dept Pathol, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu RI Pae, Munkyong/B-4831-2012 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65200-20360]; USDA, Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant 2010-65200-20360 and USDA, Agriculture Research Service contract no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 142 IS 3 BP 566 EP 571 DI 10.3945/jn.111.154419 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 899KX UT WOS:000300815900023 PM 22323768 ER PT J AU Marini, JC AF Marini, Juan C. TI Arginine and Ornithine Are the Main Precursors for Citrulline Synthesis in Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; SMALL-INTESTINE; AMINO-ACIDS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PARENTERAL AFFECTS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; NEONATAL PIGS; ADULT HUMANS; RAT-LIVER; GLUTAMINE AB Recent isotopic tracer studies in mice, piglets, and humans have produced conflicting results as to the main carbon skeleton precursor for citrulline and arginine synthesis. This may be due in part to the different tracers infused and models used to interpret the stable isotope data. Furthermore, previous studies usually investigated a single precursor, which prevented the direct comparison among multiple precursors. To further elucidate the contribution of different precursors to citrulline synthesis, all possible enteral and plasma precursors of citrulline were studied in a mouse model during the postabsorptive and postprandial period using multitracer protocols. In addition, three different models were used to interpret the stable isotope data. The utilization of the classic precursor-product equation, developed for i.v. infused tracers but also used to include i.g. tracers, grossly overestimated the contribution of enteral precursors. Regardless of the model employed, dietary and plasma arginine were the main precursors for citrulline synthesis during feeding and plasma arginine during feed deprivation. The contribution of arginine was directly at the site of citrulline synthesis and through plasma ornithine. The predominant role of arginine and ornithine seen in this study supports the observations in mice, piglets, and humans suggesting that ornithine amino transferase is a pivotal enzyme in this pathway. J. Nutr. 142: 572-580, 2012. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Marini, JC (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM marini@bcm.edu FU USDA [2533771314]; NIH [KO1 RR24173] FX Supported by USDA 2533771314 and NIH KO1 RR24173. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 142 IS 3 BP 572 EP 580 DI 10.3945/jn.111.153825 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 899KX UT WOS:000300815900024 PM 22323761 ER PT J AU Cooper, B Chen, RQ Garrett, WM Murphy, C Chang, C Tucker, ML Bhagwat, AA AF Cooper, Bret Chen, Ruiqiang Garrett, Wesley M. Murphy, Charles Chang, Caren Tucker, Mark L. Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Proteomic Pleiotropy of OpgGH, an Operon Necessary for Efficient Growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium under Low-Osmotic Conditions SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MudPIT; spectral counting; osmolarity; periplasm; glucans ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OSMOREGULATED PERIPLASMIC GLUCANS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDE SEQUENCES; EXPRESSION; STRESS; MICE; GENE AB Salmonella enterica, a bacterial, food-borne pathogen of humans, can contaminate raw fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately for consumers, the bacteria can survive in water used to wash away contaminating bacteria. The ability to survive the low-osmotic conditions of the wash water is attributed to the OpgGH operon that leads to the production of osmotically regulated periplasmic glucans. Mutants lacking OpgGH grow slowly under low-osmotic conditions, but there are also unexpected traits such as abnormal flagellar motility and reduced virulence in mice. To get a broader understanding of these pleiotropic effects under low osmolarity, we examined the proteome of these mutants using high-throughput mass spectrometry. We identified approximately one-third of the proteins encoded by the genome and used label-free spectral counting to determine the relative amounts of proteins in wild-type cultures and mutants. Mutants had reduced amounts of proteins required for osmotic sensing, flagellar motility, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, oxidative energy production, and protein translation. By contrast, mutants had greater amounts of ABC transporters needed to balance cellular osmolarity. Hence, the effects of OpgGH reach across the proteome, and the data are consistent with the mutant phenotypes. C1 [Cooper, Bret; Murphy, Charles; Tucker, Mark L.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bhagwat, Arvind A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Ruiqiang; Chang, Caren] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bret.cooper@ars.usda.gov; arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov RI Chang, Jianhong/B-6679-2012 FU University of Maryland; USDA-ARS; Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported in part by a Specific Cooperative Agreement between the University of Maryland and USDA-ARS. Dr. Chang is supported in part by the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1720 EP 1727 DI 10.1021/pr200933d PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 900UH UT WOS:000300916200026 PM 22264073 ER PT J AU Chourey, PS Li, QB Cevallos-Cevallos, J AF Chourey, Prem S. Li, Qin-Bao Cevallos-Cevallos, Juan TI Pleiotropy and its dissection through a metabolic gene Miniature1 (Mn1) that encodes a cell wall invertase in developing seeds of maize SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coordinate gene regulation; Metabolic control; Endosperm-embryo interaction; Seed mass ID STARCH BIOSYNTHESIS; DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM; SUGARS; KERNELS; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; MODULATE; EMBRYO; YIELD AB The Mn1-encoded endosperm-specific cell wall invertase is a major determinant of sink strength of developing seeds through its control of both sink size, cell number and cell size, and sink activity via sucrose hydrolysis and release of hexoses essential for energy and signaling functions. Consequently, loss-of-function mutations of the gene lead to the mn1 seed phenotype that shows similar to 70% reduction in seed mass at maturity and several pleiotropic changes. A comparative analysis of endosperm and embryo mass in the Mn1 and mn1 genotypes showed here significant reductions of both tissues in the mn1 starting with early stages of development. Clearly, embryo development was endosperm-dependent. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the changes, sugar levels were measured in both endosperm and embryo samples. Changes in the levels of all sugars tested, glc, fru, suc, and sorbitol, were mainly observed in the endosperm. Greatly reduced fru levels in the mutant led to RNA level expression analyses by q-PCR of several genes that encode sucrose and fructose metabolizing enzymes. The mn1 endosperm showed reductions in gene expression, ranging from similar to 70% to 99% of the Mn1 samples, for both suc-starch and suc - energy pathways, suggesting an in vivo metabolic coordinated regulation due to the hexose-deficiency. Together, these data provide evidence of the Mn1-dependent interconnected network of several pathways as a possible basis for pleiotropic changes in seed development. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Chourey, Prem S.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chourey, Prem S.; Li, Qin-Bao] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Cevallos-Cevallos, Juan] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Prem.Chourey@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 184 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.12.011 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904SO UT WOS:000301218400006 PM 22284709 ER PT J AU Simko, I Eujayl, I van Hintum, TJL AF Simko, Ivan Eujayl, Imad van Hintum, Theo J. L. TI Empirical evaluation of DArT, SNP, and SSR marker-systems for genotyping, clustering, and assigning sugar beet hybrid varieties into populations SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular markers; Genotypic diversity; Population structure; Assignment into a population; Data resolution; Sugar beet ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT; BETA-VULGARIS L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; TECHNOLOGY DART; GENOME; INFERENCE; MAP; POLYMORPHISMS AB Dominant and co-dominant molecular markers are routinely used in plant genetic research. In the present study we assessed the success-rate of three marker-systems for estimating genotypic diversity, clustering varieties into populations, and assigning a single variety into the expected population. A set of 54 diploid sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L ssp. vulgaris) hybrid varieties from five seed companies was genotyped with 702 Diversity Array-Technology (DArT), 34 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), and 30 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Analysis of the population structure revealed three well-defined populations and clustering of varieties that generally correlates with their seed company origin. Two populations each contained varieties from two different seed companies indicating genetic similarity of, this material. The third population was comprised only of varieties from a single seed company. Analysis of the SSR and SNP datasets indicates that some of the hybrid varieties likely have a common (or very closely related) parent. Comparison of the three marker-systems revealed substantial differences in the number of loci needed for analyses. Varietal clustering required approximately 1.8-2 x more SSR, 3-4.5 x more SNP, and 4.8 x more DArT markers than were required for detection of genotypic diversity. When marker-systems were compared across different types of analyses per locus success-rate was the highest for the SSR and the lowest for the DArT markers. Generally, about 1.4-3 x more SNPs, and 4.9-13.3 x more DArTs then SSRs were needed to achieve the 100% success-rate. However, using only DArT markers with a high level of polymorphism decreased the number of DArT loci needed for analyses by 38-61%. Results from the present work provide a premise to selecting the type(s) and number of markers that are needed for genetic diversity analysis of sugar beet hybrid varieties. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Simko, Ivan] ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Eujayl, Imad] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Dubois, ID 83341 USA. [van Hintum, Theo J. L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Netherlands CGN, Ctr Genet Resources, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ivan.simko@ars.usda.gov; imad.eujayl@ars.usda.gov; theo.vanhintum@wur.nl RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012; OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477; van Hintum, Theo/0000-0003-4953-4700 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 184 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.12.009 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904SO UT WOS:000301218400007 PM 22284710 ER PT J AU Fortuna, AM Gunning, KB Honeycutt, CW AF Fortuna, Ann-Marie Gunning, Kerry B. Honeycutt, C. Wayne TI Comparison of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Microarray Technology for Detection of Betaproteobacteria Ammonia-Oxidizing Communities SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; microarray technology; betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TREATMENT-PLANT SAMPLES; REAL-TIME PCR; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; CLASS PROTEOBACTERIA; BETA SUBDIVISION; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; GENE-SEQUENCES; NITROUS-OXIDE AB Methods linking environmental function and microbial community composition are limited by phylogenetic resolution and throughput time. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allows for resolution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria strains separated by as little as one base pair (bp) in 16S rRNA gene sequence but is low throughput. In contrast, microarrays are high throughput. We have designed a microarray platform to identify the majority of environmental strains of betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizers using signature oligonucleotide sequences. Seventy-seven target sequences or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were derived from 183 betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizer 16S rRNA gene sequences representing the genera Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas of the beta sub-class of Proteobacteria and the cluster groups of strains within each genera identified using DNA homology values. These sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Templates isolated from pure cultures of betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizers and soil samples incubated with and without dairy slurry were amplified using primers CTO189f and CTO654r. Amplicons were analyzed via DGGE and microarray hybridization. Mixtures of pure culture strains of betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizers were used to simulate environmental samples containing a known number of sequences and template concentrations. Our DNA oligonucleotide microarray demonstrated highly specific detection of individual betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizer strains amplified from pure cultures, model communities, and soil samples and provided resolution of community composition comparable to that of DGGE. High-throughput analyses of betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizer communities will further our knowledge of their ecology and link process level functions to management practices such as dairy slurry applications and specific strains of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. C1 [Fortuna, Ann-Marie] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gunning, Kerry B.] Integrated DNATechnol Inc, Coralville, IA USA. [Honeycutt, C. Wayne] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Fortuna, AM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM afortuna@wsu.edu FU Agricultural Research Center at Washington State University [0711] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Agricultural Research Center at Washington State University through Hatch Project 0711. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 3 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31823ea2a6 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 903NA UT WOS:000301122100004 ER PT J AU Shumway, C Delgado, JA Bunch, T Hansen, L Ribaudo, M AF Shumway, Cal Delgado, Jorge A. Bunch, Theodis Hansen, Leroy Ribaudo, Marc TI Best Nitrogen Management Practices Can Reduce the Potential Flux of Nitrogen Out of the Arkansas Delta SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE delta nitrogen NLEAP; nitrogen trading tool; NTT trading ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUXES; OXIDE EMISSIONS; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL; TILLAGE; ROTATION; LOSSES AB Some studies have reported that nitrogen losses in the Arkansas Delta can contribute to the flux of nitrogen into the Mississippi River Basin, which can in turn contribute to the nitrate load that the hypoxia problem in the Gulf of Mexico has been attributed to. The need to reduce nitrogen losses in this region can be addressed with the development and validation of robust, new assessment tools that can be used to quickly evaluate management practices and their effects on the environment in terms of potential nitrogen losses and other factors. The recently developed concept of trading nitrogen in air and water quality markets can be used in conjunction with field studies to assess the potential benefits of nitrogen management. In 2008 and 2009, field studies were conducted to collect data to test the new Nitrogen Loss and Environmental Assessment Package (NLEAP) and its ability to simulate nitrate dynamics for different cropping systems grown in three different locations in the Arkansas Delta. Simulation by the NLEAP conducted for cotton, soybean, and corn grown in the Arkansas Delta showed that the model was able to simulate the effects of management on residual soil nitrate (P < 0.01). The simulation showed that residual nitrate can range from about 10 to 240 kg NO3-N ha(-1) in the top 1.5 m of soil, in agreement with measured values. In addition, long-term NLEAP simulation analysis showed that rotations of soybeans into corn systems significantly reduced emissions of N2O across this region and reduced NO3-N leaching losses at the field level. C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shumway, Cal] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Shumway, Cal] Univ Arkansas, Agr Expt Stn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bunch, Theodis] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Water Management Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. [Hansen, Leroy; Ribaudo, Marc] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jorge.delgado@ars.usda.gov OI Hansen, LeRoy/0000-0001-9038-2142 NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 3 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31823fd4ae PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 903NA UT WOS:000301122100007 ER PT J AU Lindsey, MR Selim, HM AF Lindsey, Michael R. Selim, H. Magdi TI A Field Study on the Influence of M1A1 Abrams Tank Traffic on Soil Compaction SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Compaction; soil moisture; M1A1 Abrams Tank; mechanical impedance; soil bulk density; moisture content; moisture-tension relation ID WATER-RETENTION; COASTAL-PLAIN; PARAMETERS; IMPACT AB Military training exercises using heavy-tracked vehicles is an intensive land-use activity that may result in vegetation disturbances and soil compaction. In this study, the focus was on soil compaction as a result of M1A1 Abrams battle tank traffic. For this purpose, two main treatments were investigated: tank trafficking rates at the time of tank training maneuvers and moisture content of the soil profile. The influence of Abrams tank traffic on soil bulk density and mechanical impedance was measured immediately after the tank passes on plots having three different soil moisture levels. We found increased soil bulk density as a result of tank traffic regardless of the number of tank passes. Overall soil bulk density increases throughout the soil profile were 0.04, 0.07, and 0.04 g/cm(3) for the low-, medium-, and high-moisture plots, respectively. After three, six, and nine tank passes, consistent increases in penetrometer resistance measurements were observed. However, the effects of the number of passes appear somewhat inconsistent when low-moisture contents were dominant in the soil profile (0.12-0.17 cm(3)/cm(3)). For plots with the highest moisture level (0.37-0.38 cm(3)/cm(3)), the impact of tank traffic was concentrated in the surface 15 cm, with an average increase of 1 MPa regardless of the number of tank passes. We conclude that the effects of different tank passes on soil compaction did not follow a clear trend. Moreover, based on the residual impact of tank traffic, we conclude that efforts should be made to avoid tank exercises when the moisture content in the soil profile is 0.26 cm(3)/cm(3). We further conclude that tank traffic should be restricted when possible when the soil moisture content is in the 0.40- to 0.46-cm(3)/cm(3) range. C1 [Selim, H. Magdi] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lindsey, Michael R.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Alexandria, LA USA. RP Selim, HM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mselim@agctr.lsu.edu FU U.S. Army Military Installation, Integrated Training Area Management; U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Army Military Installation, Integrated Training Area Management Program, and the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 3 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3182408f37 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 903NA UT WOS:000301122100008 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Bradford, SA Paradelo, M Peijnenburg, WJGM Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Bradford, Scott A. Paradelo, Marcos Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. Zhou, Dongmei TI Facilitated Transport of Copper with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Saturated Sand SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; COLLOID TRANSPORT; IONIC-STRENGTH; HUMIC-ACID; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; CONTAMINANTS; FILTRATION; COLUMN AB Saturated packed column experiments were conducted to investigate the facilitated transport of Cu with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP) at different pore water velocities (0.22-2.2 cm min(-1)), solution pH (6.2-9.0), and fraction of Fe oxide coating on grain surfaces (lambda, 0-0.36). The facilitated transport of Cu by nHAP (nHAP-F Cu) was found to increase with decreasing nHAP retention and decreasing transport of dissolved Cu. In particular, nHAP-F Cu transport increased with pH (8.0, 8.5, and 9.0) and especially lambda (0.07-0.36) but was less significant than dissolved Cu transport at lower pH (6.2 and 7.0). The transport of dissolved Cu decreased with pH and lambda because of increased Cu sorption or precipitation. The nHAP retention decreased with velocity, pH, and decreasing lambda. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that nHAP retention at pH 7.0 was controlled by surface roughness and nHAP aggregation, whereas measured zeta potentials indicate that attachment of the nHAP occurred on the Fe oxide coated grains. The retention profiles of nHAP exhibited a hyperexponential shape, with greater retention in the section adjacent to the column inlet and rapidly decreasing retention with depth for all of the considered pH and lambda conditions, but tended to become more exponential in shape at a higher velocity. These observations suggest that hyperexponential profiles are a general phenomenon of unfavorable attachment conditions that is sensitive to the hydrodynamics at the column inlet. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Wang, Dengjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Paradelo, Marcos] Univ Vigo, Soil Sci Grp, Dep Plant Biol & Soil Sci, Fac Sci, E-32004 Orense, Spain. [Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Ecol Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, 71 E Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Paradelo, Marcos/C-8018-2012; Wang, Dengjun/H-3171-2012; Peijnenburg, Willie/M-4110-2013; Paradelo, Marcos/J-7077-2015; OI Paradelo, Marcos/0000-0002-2768-0136; peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q02-02]; National Basic Research and Development Program [2007CB936604]; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture [Y052010027] FX We thank the financial support from the Knowledge Innovative Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-Q02-02), the National Basic Research and Development Program (2007CB936604), and the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Y052010027). The participation of M. Paradelo in this study was facilitated by the FPU program of the Spanish Ministry of Education. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 44 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 375 EP 388 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0203 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400007 ER PT J AU Culman, SW Snapp, SS Freeman, MA Schipanski, ME Beniston, J Lal, R Drinkwater, LE Franzluebbers, AJ Glover, JD Grandy, AS Lee, J Six, J Maul, JE Mirksy, SB Spargo, JT Wander, MM AF Culman, Steven W. Snapp, Sieglinde S. Freeman, Mark A. Schipanski, Meagan E. Beniston, Josh Lal, Rattan Drinkwater, Laurie E. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Glover, Jerry D. Grandy, A. Stuart Lee, Juhwan Six, Johan Maul, Jude E. Mirksy, Steven B. Spargo, John T. Wander, Michelle M. TI Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Reflects a Processed Soil Fraction that is Sensitive to Management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; STABILIZATION MECHANISMS; PHYSICAL FRACTIONATION; EXTRACTION METHOD; PARTICULATE; TILLAGE; INDEX AB Permanganate oxidizable C (POXC; i.e., active C) is a relatively new method that can quantify labile soil C rapidly and inexpensively. Despite limited reports of positive correlations with particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and other soil C fractions, little is known about what soil fractions POXC most closely reflects. We measured POXC across a wide range of soil types, ecosystems, and geographic areas (12 studies, 53 total sites, n = 1379) to: (i) determine the relationship between POXC and POC, MBC and soil organic C (SOC) fractions, and (ii) determine the relative sensitivity of POXC as a labile soil C metric across a range of environmental and management conditions. Permanganate oxidizable C was significantly related to POC, MBC, and SOC, and these relationships were strongest when data were analyzed by individual studies. Permanganate oxidizable C was more closely related to smaller-sized (53-250 mu m) than larger POC fractions (250-2000 mu m), and more closely related to heavier (> 1.7 g cm(-3)) than lighter POC fractions, indicating that it reflects a relatively processed pool of labile soil C. Compared with POC, MBC, or SOC, POXC demonstrated greater sensitivity to changes in management or environmental variation in 42% of the significant experimental factors examined across the 12 studies. Our analysis demonstrates the usefulness of POXC in quickly and inexpensively assessing changes in the labile soil C pool. C1 [Culman, Steven W.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Freeman, Mark A.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Culman, Steven W.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Freeman, Mark A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Schipanski, Meagan E.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beniston, Josh; Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drinkwater, Laurie E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Glover, Jerry D.] USAID Bur Food Secur, Off Agr Res & Transformat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Grandy, A. Stuart] Univ New Hampshire, Dep Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lee, Juhwan; Six, Johan] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Maul, Jude E.; Mirksy, Steven B.; Spargo, John T.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wander, Michelle M.] Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Culman, SW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. EM steve.culman@gmail.com RI Snapp, Sieglinde/D-5109-2013; OI Schipanski, Meagan/0000-0002-1661-9858; , Juhwan/0000-0002-7967-2955; Culman, Steve/0000-0003-3985-257X FU Ceres Trust Organic Research Initiative; NSF at Kellogg Biological Station FX The authors acknowledge Briana Shuford for her assistance in the laboratory. Support for this research was provided by the Ceres Trust Organic Research Initiative Grant and the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research Program at the Kellogg Biological Station. NR 52 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 12 U2 104 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0286 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400018 ER PT J AU Kishne, AS Ge, YF Morgan, CLS Miller, WL AF Kishne, Andrea Sz. Ge, Yufeng Morgan, Cristine L. S. Miller, Wesley L. TI Surface Cracking of a Vertisol Related to the History of Available Water SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEXAS GULF-COAST; SOIL SHRINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; WAVELET ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SWELLING SOIL; INFILTRATION; MODEL; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS AB A previous study of a Vertisol with gilgai showed that soil cracking behavior proved difficult to represent using only current soil water content. However, soil moisture immediately preceding crack opening, called antecedent soil moisture, seemed to be an additional significant factor in explaining variations in surface cracking in field conditions. In this current study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of short- and long-term fluctuations of weather on surface cracking in this Vertisol using wavelet analysis. Soil cracking was monitored at a 100-m(2) site of Laewest clay, a fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Typic Hapludert under native prairie vegetation in the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie during 1989 to 1998. Daily water availability index (WAI) calculated from precipitation and reference evapotranspiration was analyzed using discrete wavelet transformation. The data sets consisted of daily WAI values selected for 1024 d before 106 observation dates with and without cracks categorized according to gilgai microtopography. Long-term trend of WAI was separated from seasonal fluctuation using nonparametric kernel estimation. Discrete wavelet transformation was combined with multiple stepwise linear regression to identify time periods in history of available water that were significant (p < 0.01) for modeling crack area density. Data showed that WAI at time periods of 4 to 8 mo before crack measurements was significant in modeling cracking in addition to WAI at time periods corresponding to crack observations. Thus, results supported the hypothesis of the effect of antecedent moisture on the extent of surface soil cracking. Evidence also indicated significant WAI 1 and 2 yr before cracking. C1 [Kishne, Andrea Sz.; Ge, Yufeng; Morgan, Cristine L. S.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Miller, Wesley L.] USDA NRCS, Victoria, TX 77901 USA. RP Kishne, AS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM akishne@ag.tamu.edu RI Morgan, Cristine`/A-1555-2013 OI Morgan, Cristine`/0000-0001-9836-0669 FU USDA-NRCS Texas Soil Survey [68-7482-8-383 MOD5]; National Science Foundation [EAR-911317] FX This research was funded by a Cooperative Agreement with the USDA-NRCS Texas Soil Survey (Award no. 68-7482-8-383 MOD5) and the National Science Foundation (Award no. EAR-911317). We are thankful for questions and helpful suggestions by Kevin McInnes regarding an earlier version of the manuscript. Constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers are also greatly appreciated. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 548 EP 557 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0060 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400023 ER PT J AU Favaretto, N Norton, LD Johnston, CT Bigham, J Sperrin, M AF Favaretto, N. Norton, L. D. Johnston, C. T. Bigham, J. Sperrin, M. TI Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching as Affected by Gypsum Amendment and Exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; WATER-QUALITY; CLAY DISPERSION; SOIL AMENDMENTS; MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENT; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; DRAINAGE; SURFACE AB The loss of N and P by leaching is an important issue, especially on agricultural fields with subsurface tile drainage. The objective of this study was to evaluate how gypsum amendment and soil exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ could affect the movement of P, NH4-N, and NO3-N in infiltrated water and soil. A column experiment was performed using a Miami silt loam soil, and the treatments were (i) control, (ii) gypsum applied at the surface, (iii) gypsum mixed into the 2.5-cm depth, and (iv) alteration of five different target exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios. A clear Plexiglas cylinder was filled with a 15-cm layer of soil; N, P, and K were applied in solution at the surface after the soil had been wetted and drained. Deionized water at a flow of 0.5 mL min(-1) was applied and eight leachate fractions, totaling about five pore volumes, were collected. Gypsum (5000 kg ha(-1)) applied at the surface and mixed into the 2.5-cm depth significantly decreased P and increased NH4-N concentration but had no significant effect on NO3-N leaching. Exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio treatments did not affect soluble nutrient losses; however, leaching of particulate P was significantly less in the Ca-treated soil than the Mg-treated soil. The overall practical conclusion of this study is that to control P transport, it is necessary to add gypsum even with a high soil exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio. The application of gypsum to the soil could be recommended as a best management practice to avoid water pollution by P; on the other hand, this could cause environmental problems by increasing the NH4 soil mobility. C1 [Favaretto, N.] Univ Fed Parana, Dep Soils & Agr Engn, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Norton, L. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Johnston, C. T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bigham, J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sperrin, M.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Math & Stat, Lancaster LA1 4YF, England. RP Favaretto, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dep Soils & Agr Engn, Rua Funcionarios 1540, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM nfavaretto@ufpr.br RI Favaretto, Nerilde/B-3571-2015; OI Sperrin, Matthew/0000-0002-5351-9960 NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 32 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 575 EP 585 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0223 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400026 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, VP Sudduth, KA Kitchen, NR Kremer, RJ AF Chaudhary, V. P. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Kitchen, Newell R. Kremer, Robert J. TI Reflectance Spectroscopy Detects Management and Landscape Differences in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; QUALITY; FIELD; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; REGRESSION; FERTILITY AB Many studies have calibrated visible and near-infrared (VNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to various soil properties; however, few studies have used VNIR DRS to detect treatment differences in controlled experiments. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the ability of VNIR DRS to detect treatment differences in topsoil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) compared with standard dry combustion analysis. A long-term (since 1991) experiment in central Missouri, where cropping systems were replicated across a typical claypan soil landscape was studied. Soil samples from two depths (0-5 and 5-15 cm) were obtained in 2008 at summit, backslope, and footslope positions for three grain cropping systems. Estimates of SOC by VNIR DRS using oven-dried soil samples and an independent calibration set were very good, with R-2 = 0.87 and RMSE = 2.4 g kg(-1). Estimates of TN were somewhat less accurate (R-2 = 0.79, RMSE = 0.24 g kg(-1)). Field-moist VNIR DRS results were also good, but with 13 to 17% higher RMSE. Trends in differences among treatment means were very similar for dry combustion, oven-dry soil VNIR, and field-moist VNIR. Dry combustion was best at separating treatment means, followed by dry soil VNIR and field-moist VNIR. Differences among methods were relatively minor for 0- to 5-cm depth samples but more pronounced for 5- to 15-cm samples. Efficiency of the VNIR method, particularly when applied to field-moist soil, suggests that it deserves consideration as a tool for determining near-surface SOC and TN differences in field experiments. C1 [Sudduth, Kenneth A.; Kitchen, Newell R.; Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Chaudhary, V. P.] Indian Council Agr Res, Meerut 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov FU National Agricultural Innovation Project; Indian Council of Agricultural Research FX The participation of V.P. Chaudhary in this project was supported by the National Agricultural Innovation Project sponsored by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0112 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400028 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Evett, SR AF Tolk, Judy A. Evett, Steven R. TI Lower Limits of Crop Water Use in Three Soil Textural Classes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-SORGHUM; DRYLAND CROPS; PLAINS SOILS; YIELD; CORN; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; AVAILABILITY; EXTRACTION; COTTON AB Accurate knowledge of the amount of soil water available for crop use allows better management of limited water supplies. Using neutron scattering, we determined the mean lower limit of field soil water use (LLF, m(3) m(-3)) to a depth of 2.2 m at harvest (three seasons each) of short-season maize (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The objective was to determine whether the laboratory-measured soil water content at -1.5 MPa matric potential (LL-1.5, m(3) m(-3)) for each soil textural class was representative of the LLF of each crop. The crops were grown in monolithic cores of clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam soil contained in lysimeters with a surface dimension of 1.75 m(2) and a depth of 2.4 m at Bushland, TX. For the 2.2-m profile, the LLF of cotton was significantly smaller than the LL-1.5 of the silt loam soil by 0.052 m(3) m(-3) and significantly smaller than the LL-1.5 of the sandy loam soil by 0.016 m(3) m(-3). The LLF of maize was significantly larger than the LL-1.5 of the clay loam soil by 0.037 m(3) m(-3) and the LLF of sorghum was significantly smaller than the LL-1.5 of the silt loam soil by 0.045 m(3) m(-3). Of the nine soil and crop combinations, LLF did not vary among seasons by more than 0.01 m(3) m(-3) in five soil and crop combinations but did vary by more than 0.01 m(3) m(-3) in four combinations due to differences in meteorological conditions among years. Crop type, soil textural class, soil chemical layers (e.g., calcium carbonate), and interannual variations in climate all affected the ability of a crop to use soil water up to and beyond LL-1.5. C1 [Tolk, Judy A.; Evett, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Judy.Tolk@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0248 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400029 ER PT J AU Toosi, ER Castellano, MJ Singer, JW Mitchell, DC AF Toosi, Ehsan R. Castellano, Michael J. Singer, Jeremy W. Mitchell, David C. TI Differences in Soluble Organic Matter After 23 Years of Contrasting Soil Management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MINERAL SOILS; CROP RESIDUES; NITROGEN DON; FOREST SOILS; WATER; TILLAGE; QUALITY AB Soluble organic matter (OM) is a small but very mobile and reactive fraction of soil organic matter (SOM). We characterized the properties of soluble OM from 0- to 125-cm soil depth in maize (Zea mays L.)-based agricultural systems that were managed with conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) for 23 yr. Water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) and salt-extractable organic matter (SEOM) were obtained in a sequential extraction procedure using dilute (0.01M CaCl2) and concentrated (0.5 M K2SO4) salt solutions. Subsequently, WEOM and SEOM were characterized using resin fractionation, specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (SUVA(254)) and humification indices (HI). Concentrations of C and N of SOM and SEOM and C of WEOM declined with increasing soil depth. In contrast to less pronounced differences in C and N of SEOM in CT and NT soils, those of WEOM were greater (52-116% for C and 26-86% for N) in NT than CT soils throughout the soil profile. The proportion of C and N in SOM recovered as WEOM and SEOM increased with soil depth (three to nine times for C and two to five times for N). The proportion of hydrophilic-C increased with soil depth, but the proportion of humified OM decreased with soil depth. Consistent with reports that indicate CT enhances OM decomposition, our data suggest WEOM and particularly SEOM fractions in CT soils are more decomposed than NT soils down to 125-cm depth. The relative pool size and properties of WEOM and SEOM demonstrated a higher in situ contribution of SOM to soluble OM pool with increasing soil depth. C1 [Toosi, Ehsan R.; Castellano, Michael J.; Mitchell, David C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singer, Jeremy W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Toosi, ER (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM etoosi@iastate.edu OI Castellano, Michael/0000-0003-1411-7931 FU USDA AFRI FX We thank Dr. A. Tabatabai, Dr. A. Clapp, and Dr. M. Thompson for providing access to analytical equipment. This research was funded by a USDA AFRI grant to MJC. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 628 EP 637 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0280 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400031 ER PT J AU Yi, L Liu, Q Orandle, MS Sadiq-Ali, S Koontz, SM Choi, U Torres-Velez, FJ Jackson, SH AF Yi, Liang Liu, Qi Orandle, Marlene S. Sadiq-Ali, Sara Koontz, Sherry M. Choi, Uimook Torres-Velez, Fernando J. Jackson, Sharon H. TI p47(Phox) Directs Murine Macrophage Cell Fate Decisions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION; PHAGOCYTE NADPH OXIDASE; ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; MODEL; MICE; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; SYSTEM AB Macrophage differentiation and function are pivotal for cell survival from infection and involve the processing of microenvironmental signals that determine macrophage cell fate decisions to establish appropriate inflammatory balance. NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) mice that lack the gp91(Phox) (gp91P(hox-/-)) catalytic subunit show high mortality rates compared with wild-type mice when challenged by infection with Listeria monocylogenes (Lm), whereas p47(phox)-deficient (p47(phox-/-)) CGD mice show survival rates that are similar to those of wild-type mice. We demonstrate that such survival results from a skewed macrophage differentiation program in p47(phox-/-) mice that favors the production of higher levels of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs) compared with levels of either wild-type or gp91(phox-/-) mice. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of AAMacs from p47(phox-/-) mice can rescue gp91(phox-/-) mice during primary Lm infection. Key features of the protective function provided by p47(phox-/-) AAMacs against Lin infection are enhanced production of IL-1 alpha and killing of Lm. Molecular analysis of this process indicates that p47(phox-/-) macrophages are hyperresponsive to EL-4 and show higher Stat6 phosphorylation levels and signaling coupled to downstream activation of AAMac transcripts in response to IL-4 stimulation. Notably, restoring p47(phox) protein expression levels reverts the p47(phox)-dependent AAMac phenotype. Our results indicate that p47(phox) is a previously unrecognized regulator for IL-4 signaling pathways that are important for macrophage cell fate choice. (Am J Pathol 2012, 180: 1049-1058; DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.019) C1 [Choi, Uimook; Jackson, Sharon H.] NIAID, Genet Immunotherapy Sect, Host Def Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yi, Liang; Liu, Qi; Sadiq-Ali, Sara; Koontz, Sherry M.; Jackson, Sharon H.] NIAID, Mol Trafficking Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Orandle, Marlene S.] NIAID, Infect Dis Pathogenesis Sect, Comparat Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Torres-Velez, Fernando J.] USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Phum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. RP Jackson, SH (reprint author), NIAID, Genet Immunotherapy Sect, Host Def Lab, NIH, CRC Bldg 5 W Labs,Room 5-3942,10 Ctr Dr MSC 1456, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sjackson@niaid.nih.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NIH; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH FX Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH and in part by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 180 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.019 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 902EU UT WOS:000301022200018 PM 22222227 ER PT J AU Weir, TL Newbold, S Vivanco, JM van Haren, M Fritchman, C Dossey, AT Bartram, S Boland, W Cosio, EG Kofer, W AF Weir, Tiffany L. Newbold, Scott Vivanco, Jorge M. van Haren, Megan Fritchman, Christopher Dossey, Aaron T. Bartram, Stefan Boland, Wilhelm Cosio, Eric G. Kofer, Waltraud TI Plant-Inhabiting Ant Utilizes Chemical Cues for Host Discrimination SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE ant-plant interaction; epicuticular wax; host recognition; myrmecophytes; Pseudomyrmex triplarinus; Tambopata National Reserve; Peru; Triplaris americana ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; TRIPLARIS POLYGONACEAE; DEVILS GARDENS; MACARANGA; MUTUALISM; MYRMECOPHYTES; PARTNERS; FOREST; COMMUNICATION; RECOGNITION AB The Neotropical ant Pseudomyrmex triplarinus is involved in an obligate and complex symbiotic association with Triplaris americana trees. The ants inhabit trunk and branch domatia and respond aggressively to foreign invaders. Their degree of host specificity and basis for recognition of host trees has not been studied. We determined that, in contrast to T. americana seedlings, heterospecific seedlings set around the host trees suffered continuous pruning. Ants also removed 80100 percent of heterospecific leaves attached to the trunk in contrast to only 1030 percent of conspecific leaves. True species specificity was demonstrated by the selective removal of leaves from Triplaris poeppigiana pinned to host trees. This selectivity was also observed in a matrix-independent bioassay using leaf cuticular extracts on glass microfiber strips. Strips treated with leaf wax extracts from host trees and pinned to the trunk of host trees received only 42 percent of the number of ant visits recorded on solvent-treated controls by the end of the experiment. Strips treated with extracts of a related species, T. poeppigiana, received 64 percent of the number of ant visits compared with solvent-treated controls. These experiments also suggest that P. triplarinus recognizes surface chemicals of their host tree, independent of the texture or architecture of the carrier material; although these factors may still play some role in recognition. This is the first study that we are aware of to investigate the mechanism of host discrimination related to pruning behavior. C1 [Weir, Tiffany L.; Vivanco, Jorge M.; van Haren, Megan; Fritchman, Christopher] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Newbold, Scott] Colorado State Univ, Shortgrass Steppe LTER, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dossey, Aaron T.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. [Bartram, Stefan; Boland, Wilhelm] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Bioorgan Chem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Cosio, Eric G.; Kofer, Waltraud] Pontifical Catholic Univ Peru, Chem Sect, Lima 100, Peru. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM j.vivanco@colostate.edu RI Boland, Wilhelm/K-7762-2012; OI Cosio, Eric/0000-0001-6993-5654 FU Fulbright Commission; Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; NSF; German Academic Exchange Service, DAAD; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Max Planck Institute (Jena) FX This research was supported by awards from the Fulbright Commission and Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to JMV. Additional funds were received from NSF (MCB and International Programs) and the German Academic Exchange Service, DAAD (WK), and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (EGC). The authors thank Lindsey Utley and Robin McDaniel for assistance with the field studies in Tambopata. The GC-MS data concerning ant and leaf surface chemistry reported in this study were supplied by Dr. Maria Cristina Dancel of the Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida and Kerstin Ploss of the Bioorganic Chemistry Section of the MPI-Jena. The authors also thank Dr. Patricia Alvarez, Duke University, for plant identification. Finally, we wish to thank Dr. Axel Mithoefer of the Max Planck Institute (Jena) for his valuable support and comments throughout the course of this work and Dr. Patricia Gonzales of the Pontifical Catholic University (Lima) for her comments and help in bioassay development. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00786.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901DF UT WOS:000300941200014 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Thacker, TC Nonnecke, BJ Palmer, MV Schiller, I Oesch, B Vordermeier, HM Silva, E Estes, DM AF Waters, W. R. Thacker, T. C. Nonnecke, B. J. Palmer, M. V. Schiller, I. Oesch, B. Vordermeier, H. M. Silva, E. Estes, D. M. TI Evaluation of Gamma Interferon (IFN-gamma)-Induced Protein 10 Responses for Detection of Cattle Infected with Mycobacterium bovis: Comparisons to IFN-gamma Responses SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CXC CHEMOKINES; WHOLE-BLOOD; TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS; INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10; LEPROSY REACTIONS; IP-10; DIAGNOSIS; CELLS AB Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-induced protein 10 (IP-10) has recently shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of humans. The aim of the current study was to compare IP-10 and IFN-gamma responses upon Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle by using archived samples from two aerosol inoculation studies. In the first study (104 CFU M. bovis by aerosol, n = 7), M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPDb)-specific IP-10 and IFN-gamma gene expression was detected as early as 29 days after challenge. PPDb-specific IP-10 and IFN-gamma mRNA responses followed a similar pattern of expression over the course of this study and were highly correlated (r = 0.87). In the second study (105 CFU M. bovis by aerosol, n = 5), IP-10 and IFN-gamma (protein) responses to mycobacterial antigens were compared following challenge. IFN-gamma responses to mycobacterial antigens were detected at 29 days after challenge and were sustained during the remainder of the study. IFN-gamma responses to mycobacterial antigens exceeded corresponding responses in nonstimulated cultures. IP-10 responses to mycobacterial antigens exceeded preinfection responses at 7, 29, and 63 days after challenge. In contrast to IFN-gamma responses, IP-10 responses to mycobacterial antigens generally did not exceed the respective responses in nonstimulated cultures. IP-10 responses to medium alone and to mycobacterial antigens followed a similar pattern of response. Correlations between IP-10 and IFN-gamma (protein) responses were modest (r approximate to 0.50 to 0.65). Taken together, these findings do not support the use of IP-10 protein as a biomarker for bovine tuberculosis using the current testing protocol and reagents; however, mRNA-based assays may be considered for further analysis. C1 [Waters, W. R.; Thacker, T. C.; Nonnecke, B. J.; Palmer, M. V.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Schiller, I.] Fed Vet Off, Bern, Switzerland. [Oesch, B.] Neurotune AG, Schlieren, Switzerland. [Vordermeier, H. M.] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Silva, E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Immunol Microbiol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Estes, D. M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov RI Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1128/CVI.05657-11 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 899UF UT WOS:000300841200009 PM 22237891 ER PT J AU Shah, DH Casavant, C Hawley, Q Addwebi, T Call, DR Guard, J AF Shah, Devendra H. Casavant, Carol Hawley, Quincy Addwebi, Tarek Call, Douglas R. Guard, Jean TI Salmonella Enteritidis Strains from Poultry Exhibit Differential Responses to Acid Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Survival in the Egg Albumen SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; PHAGE TYPE-4; UNITED-STATES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RPOS STATUS; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; CHICKENS; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION AB Salmonella Enteritidis is the major foodborne pathogen that is primarily transmitted by contaminated chicken meat and eggs. We recently demonstrated that Salmonella Enteritidis strains from poultry differ in their ability to invade human intestinal cells and cause disease in orally challenged mice. Here we hypothesized that the differential virulence of Salmonella Enteritidis strains is due to the differential fitness in the adverse environments that may be encountered during infection in the host. The responses of a panel of six Salmonella Enteritidis strains to acid stress, oxidative stress, survival in egg albumen, and the ability to cause infection in chickens were analyzed. This analysis allowed classification of strains into two categories, stress-sensitive and stress-resistant, with the former showing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced survival in acidic (gastric phase of infection) and oxidative (intestinal and systemic phase of infection) stress. Stress-sensitive strains also showed impaired intestinal colonization and systemic dissemination in orally inoculated chickens and failed to survive/grow in egg albumen. Comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis revealed no differences at the discriminatory level of the whole gene content between stress-sensitive and stress-resistant strains. However, sequencing of rpoS, a stress-regulatory gene, revealed that one of the three stress-sensitive strains carried an insertion mutation in the rpoS resulting in truncation of sigma(S). Finding that one of the stress-sensitive strains carried an easily identifiable small polymorphism within a stress-response gene suggests that the other strains may also have small polymorphisms elsewhere in the genome, which likely impact regulation of stress or virulence associated genes in some manner. C1 [Shah, Devendra H.; Casavant, Carol; Addwebi, Tarek; Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shah, Devendra H.; Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hawley, Quincy] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. [Guard, Jean] ARS, Egg Qual & Safety Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Shah, DH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dshah@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Shah, Devendra/0000-0001-6365-7868 FU NIAID, National Institutes of Health [N01-A1-30055]; College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University; National Institutes of Health [RR07049] FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Lisa Orfe for conducting CGH arrays. This project was funded in part with the federal funds from the NIAID, National Institutes of Health (under contract no. N01-A1-30055) and by the Agricultural Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University. Quincy Hawley was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (grant RR07049). NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.1009 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 901SK UT WOS:000300986900012 PM 22304629 ER PT J AU Apley, MD Bush, EJ Morrison, RB Singer, RS Snelson, H AF Apley, Michael D. Bush, Eric J. Morrison, Robert B. Singer, Randall S. Snelson, Harry TI Use Estimates of In-Feed Antimicrobials in Swine Production in the United States SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB When considering the development of antimicrobial resistance in food animals, comparing gross use estimates of different antimicrobials is of little value due to differences in potencies, duration of activity, relative effect on target and commensal bacteria, and mechanisms of resistance. However, it may be valuable to understand quantities of different antimicrobials used in different ages of swine and for what applications. Therefore, the objective of this project was to construct an estimate of antimicrobial use through the feed in swine production in the United States. Estimates were based on data from the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Swine 2006 Study and from a 2009 survey of swine-exclusive practitioners. Inputs consisted of number of pigs in a production phase, feed intake per day, dose of the antimicrobial in the feed, and duration of administration. Calculations were performed for a total of 102 combinations of antimicrobials (n = 17), production phases (n = 2), and reasons for use (n = 3). Calculations were first conducted on farm-level data, and then extrapolated to the U. S. swine population. Among the nursery phase estimates, chlortetracycline had the largest estimate of use, followed by oxytetracycline and tilmicosin. In the grower/finisher phase, chlortetracycline also had the largest use estimate, followed by tylosin and oxytetracycline. As an annual industry estimate for all phases, chlortetracycline had the highest estimated use at 533,973 kg. The second and third highest estimates were tylosin and oxytetracycline with estimated annual uses of 165,803 kg and 154,956 kg, respectively. The estimates presented here were constructed to accurately reflect available data related to production practices, and to provide an example of a scientific approach to estimating use of compounds in production animals. C1 [Apley, Michael D.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66520 USA. [Bush, Eric J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Morrison, Robert B.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Singer, Randall S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Snelson, Harry] Amer Assoc Swine Veterinarians, Perry, IA USA. RP Apley, MD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 111B Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66520 USA. EM mapley@vet.ksu.edu FU AASV FX We wish to acknowledge support for meeting expenses by the AASV, and also the valuable input of Drs. Steve Dritz, Charles Haley, Hans Rotto, Gene Ver Steeg, and John Waddell. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.0983 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 901SK UT WOS:000300986900014 PM 22324295 ER PT J AU Burch, AY Shimada, BK Mullin, SWA Dunlap, CA Bowman, MJ Lindow, SE AF Burch, Adrien Y. Shimada, Briana K. Mullin, Sean W. A. Dunlap, Christopher A. Bowman, Michael J. Lindow, Steven E. TI Pseudomonas syringae Coordinates Production of a Motility-Enabling Surfactant with Flagellar Assembly SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; SWARMING MOTILITY; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; PROTEUS-MIRABILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACID SYNTHESIS; LEAF SURFACES; AERUGINOSA; GENES AB Using a sensitive assay, we observed low levels of an unknown surfactant produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a that was not detected by traditional methods yet enabled swarming motility in a strain that exhibited deficient production of syringafactin, the main characterized surfactant produced by P. syringae. Random mutagenesis of the syringafactin-deficient strain revealed an acyltransferase with homology to rhlA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was required for production of this unidentified surfactant, subsequently characterized by mass spectrometry as 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid (HAA). Analysis of other mutants with altered surfactant production revealed that HAA is coordinately regulated with the late-stage flagellar gene encoding flagellin; mutations in genes involved in early flagellar assembly abolish or reduce HAA production, while mutations in flagellin or flagellin glycosylation genes increase its production. When colonizing a hydrated porous surface, the bacterium increases production of both flagellin and HAA. P. syringae was defective in porous-paper colonization without functional flagella and was slightly inhibited in this movement when it lacked surfactant production. Loss of HAA production in a syringafactin-deficient strain had no effect on swimming but abolished swarming motility. In contrast, a strain that lacked HAA but retained syringafactin production exhibited broad swarming tendrils, while a syringafactin-producing strain that overproduced HAA exhibited slender swarming tendrils. On the basis of further analysis of mutants altered in HAA production, we discuss its regulation in Pseudomonas syringae. C1 [Burch, Adrien Y.; Shimada, Briana K.; Mullin, Sean W. A.; Lindow, Steven E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Bowman, Michael J.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Lindow, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM icelab@berkeley.edu FU Energy Biosciences Institute, UC Berkeley FX This work was supported in part by the Energy Biosciences Institute, UC Berkeley. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 194 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1298 DI 10.1128/JB.06058-11 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 899WI UT WOS:000300846900002 PM 22194459 ER PT J AU Friso, S Lotto, V Choi, SW Girelli, D Pinotti, M Guarini, P Udali, S Pattini, P Pizzolo, F Martinelli, N Corrocher, R Bernardi, F Olivieri, O AF Friso, Simonetta Lotto, Valentina Choi, Sang-Woon Girelli, Domenico Pinotti, Mirko Guarini, Patrizia Udali, Silvia Pattini, Patrizia Pizzolo, Francesca Martinelli, Nicola Corrocher, Roberto Bernardi, Francesco Olivieri, Oliviero TI Promoter methylation in coagulation F7 gene influences plasma FVII concentrations and relates to coronary artery disease SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-VII GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DNA METHYLATION; HEART-DISEASE; TISSUE FACTOR; RISK; POLYMORPHISMS; CANCER; REGION; MUTATION AB Background Plasma factor VII concentrations (FVIIa), a marker of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, are influenced by genetic markers at the promoter site: the A2 allele, due to a 10bp insertion at position -323, is a determinant of lower FVIIa concentrations and reduced CAD risk, while the -402A allele, due to a G>A substitution, confers increased transcriptional activity in vitro resulting in higher FVIIa. Transcriptional regulation of F7 by epigenetic features is, however, still unknown as is the inter-relationship of genetic and epigenetic modifications at the promoter site. Objective To investigate a possible epigenetic regulation of the F7 gene at the promoter region and its link with functional F7 polymorphisms at the same site. Methods and results F7 promoter methylation and its relation to F7 promoter polymorphisms in modulating FVIIa and CAD risk were evaluated by methyl-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing techniques in 253 subjects, of whom 168 had CAD and 88 were CAD-free. Plasma FVIIa was inversely related to methylation in A1A1 and -402GG, that is in the absence of the rare A2 and -402A allele. The higher FVIIa paralleled the lower methylation in A1A1 compared to A2A2 (p=0.035), while no variation in methylation was associated with the different -402G>A genotypes. The modulation of methylation-induced FVIIa concentrations was observed only in A1A1 where the higher methylation resulting in lower FVIIa was prevalent within the CAD-free group compared to the CAD group (p=0.011). Conclusions Epigenetic regulation through methylation of F7 promoter is associated with CAD by affecting plasma FVIIa concentrations in A1A1 genotypes. C1 [Friso, Simonetta] Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Med, Policlin GB Rossi, I-37134 Verona, Italy. [Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pinotti, Mirko; Bernardi, Francesco] Univ Ferrara, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RP Friso, S (reprint author), Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Med, Policlin GB Rossi, Ple LA Scuro 10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. EM simonetta.friso@univr.it RI Martinelli, Nicola/J-5622-2016; OI Martinelli, Nicola/0000-0001-6465-5119; Pinotti, Mirko/0000-0002-4114-7055 FU Ministry of University, Scientific and Technologic Research; Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona, Verona, Italy FX This work was supported by the National Funding of the Ministry of University, Scientific and Technologic Research (Drs Girelli, Olivieri, Corrocher, Friso, Bernardi, Pinotti), and by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona, Verona, Italy (Drs Friso and Girelli). NR 37 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 6 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100195 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 899TM UT WOS:000300839100008 PM 22315437 ER PT J AU Traugott, M Athanassiou, C Cutler, C Desneux, N Horowitz, AR Meyhofer, R Shipp, L Stauffer, C Weber, DC Zalucki, MP AF Traugott, Michael Athanassiou, Christos Cutler, Chris Desneux, Nicolas Horowitz, A. Rami Meyhoefer, Rainer Shipp, Les Stauffer, Christian Weber, Donald C. Zalucki, Myron P. TI Editorial 2012: shaping the profile of Journal of Pest Science SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; LANDSCAPE; IMPACT; WORLD C1 [Traugott, Michael] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, Mt Agr Res Unit, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Athanassiou, Christos] Univ Thessaly, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, N Ionia 38446, Magnesia, Greece. [Cutler, Chris] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Desneux, Nicolas] French Natl Inst Agr Res INRA, Sophia Antipolis, France. [Horowitz, A. Rami] ARO, Dept Entomol, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Negev, Israel. [Meyhoefer, Rainer] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, Hannover, Germany. [Shipp, Les] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. [Stauffer, Christian] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Inst Forest Entomol, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Weber, Donald C.] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Zalucki, Myron P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Traugott, M (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, Mt Agr Res Unit, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM Michael.Traugott@uibk.ac.at RI Desneux, Nicolas/J-6262-2013; Meyhoefer, Rainer/C-4962-2014; Zalucki, Myron/G-7983-2012; OI Meyhoefer, Rainer/0000-0001-5624-001X; Zalucki, Myron/0000-0001-9603-7577; Traugott, Michael/0000-0001-9719-5059 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s10340-012-0416-3 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899AV UT WOS:000300785000001 ER PT J AU Grilli, MP Bruno, MA Pedemonte, ML Showler, AT AF Grilli, Mariano P. Bruno, Marina A. Pedemonte, Maria L. Showler, Allan T. TI Boll weevil invasion process in Argentina SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; Dispersal; Eradication; Synchrony ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS COLEOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; FIELD CONDITIONS; COTTON FRUIT; HOST PLANTS; CURCULIONIDAE; DISPERSAL; LONGEVITY AB The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, is the most destructive cotton pest in the Western Hemisphere. In 1993, the pest was reported in Argentina, and in 1994 boll weevils were captured in cotton fields in Formosa Province on the border between Argentina and Paraguay. The pest has subsequently moved to new areas, and in 2006 it was reported in Argentina's main cotton growing region. This study describes the first stage of the boll weevil invasion into areas of Argentina using a network of pheromone traps from 1997 to 2000 in Pilcomayo and Pilagas departments. A temporal autocorrelation analysis of the numbers of collected boll weevils in seven localities, and a synchrony analysis of 70 rural settlements for the 1997-2000 period, were the approaches we used to characterize boll weevil dispersal and establishment. Total abundances of boll weevils varied but a positive correlation between total number of individuals captured and the number of traps that captured them was detected. While short term temporal autocorrelation was observed, spatial synchrony was not found. The role of alternative hosts in facilitating the advance of boll weevils into Argentina is discussed. C1 [Grilli, Mariano P.; Bruno, Marina A.; Pedemonte, Maria L.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Agr, CONICET Ctr Relevamiento & Evaluac Recursos Agr &, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Showler, Allan T.] USDA ARS IFNRRU, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Grilli, MP (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Agr, CONICET Ctr Relevamiento & Evaluac Recursos Agr &, Av Valparaiso S-N,CC 509, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. EM mgrilli@crean.agro.uncor.edu NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s10340-011-0389-7 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899AV UT WOS:000300785000007 ER PT J AU Seagraves, MP Lundgren, JG AF Seagraves, Michael P. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Effects of neonicotinoid seed treatments on soybean aphid and its natural enemies SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; Cerotoma trifurcata; Generalist predators; Omnivory; Orius insidiosus; Systemic insecticide; Seed treatment; Thrips ID ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NITROGEN RELATIONS; CROP PROTECTION; CHRYSOMELIDAE; INSECTICIDES; MANAGEMENT; OVIPOSITION; PREDATOR AB Insecticidal seed treatments are increasingly being applied to soybeans in North America, and several recent studies question what they add to current pest management. Here, we examine the effects of two neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments on insect populations (pest and natural enemies) in SD soybeans over 2 years. Moreover, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the duration that seed treatments remained effective against the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines, Hemiptera: Aphididae) and how thiamethoxam affected survival of one of the aphid's predators, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on soybean. Soybean aphids, thrips, and grasshopper populations were unaffected by the insecticidal seed treatments in the field. The laboratory trial revealed that all bioactivity of the seed treatments against soybean aphids was gone within 46 days after planting, prior to aphid populations damaging the crop. Bean leaf beetles, a sporadic pest in our area, were reduced by the seed treatments. But, there were no yield benefits of insecticidal seed treatments over the 2 years of the study at this location. Natural enemy communities were significantly reduced by thiamethoxam seed treatments relative to the untreated control, particularly populations of Nabis americoferus (Hemiptera: Nabidae). Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) adults were reduced in the imidacloprid-treated plots. In the laboratory, rearing O. insidiosus on soybean plants treated with thiamethoxam resulted in higher mortality for both the nymphs and the adult stage. Offering the predator insect prey on the thiamethoxam-treated plants improved survival of the adult stage, but not the nymphal stage. This work confirms that insecticidal seed treatments offer little benefit to soybean producers of the Northern Great Plains and adds to the discussion by suggesting that generalist predators are adversely affected by the insecticides. C1 [Seagraves, Michael P.; Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM michael.seagraves@driscolls.com; jonathan.lundgren@ars.usda.gov FU South Dakota Soybean Research; Promotion Council FX We thank Janet Fergen, Michael Bredeson, Mallory Johnson, Chloe Kruse, and Ryan Schmid for technical assistance on this project. Matt O'Neal, Kelley Tilmon, and Walter Riedell gave helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by the South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council. Mention of any proprietary products does not constitute endorsement by the USDA. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 78 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 EI 1612-4766 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s10340-011-0374-1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899AV UT WOS:000300785000016 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Alston, DG AF Yee, Wee L. Alston, Diane G. TI Behavioral responses, rate of mortality, and oviposition of western cherry fruit fly exposed to malathion, zeta-cypermethrin, and spinetoram SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; Drosophila suzukii; Cherry; Organophosphate; Pyrethroid; Spinosyn ID RHAGOLETIS-INDIFFERENS DIPTERA; WASHINGTON-STATE; FLIES DIPTERA; BAIT SPRAYS; INSECTICIDES; TEPHRITIDAE; TOXICITY; SPINOSAD; EFFICACY; GF-120 AB Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a pest of sweet and tart cherry, Prunus avium L. (L.) and P. cerasus L., respectively, in western North America. This fly is commonly controlled with spinosad bait sprays. Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is potentially a new pest of cherries in this region that could be a threat to orchards at the same time as R. indifferens. Drosophila suzukii apparently is not controlled using spinosad bait sprays, but may potentially be controlled using malathion, zeta-cypermethrin, and spinetoram. However, how well these last three materials protect fruit against reproductively mature R. indifferens is not known. In laboratory observations, R. indifferens spent the least amount of time on cherries treated with zeta-cypermethrin, possibly because of its toxicity and irritant effects. In laboratory experiments, zeta-cypermethrin killed flies more quickly than malathion and spinetoram, causing up to 100% mortality 2 h after exposure. Zeta-cypermethrin prevented all oviposition when flies walked on dried residues for 20-25 min or were directly sprayed, and then exposed to cherries with dried residues, simulating exposure of mature female flies in a treated orchard. Malathion and spinetoram reduced oviposition compared with controls, but did not prevent it, when flies contacted residues or were directly sprayed at a high volume. Results suggest zeta-cypermethrin is the most effective of the three materials at protecting cherries against mature R. indifferens and could be used in an integrated control program for it and D. suzukii. C1 [Yee, Wee L.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Alston, Diane G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov; diane.alston@usu.edu NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 47 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s10340-011-0388-8 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899AV UT WOS:000300785000018 ER PT J AU Fontenot, EA Arthur, FH Nechols, JR Throne, JE AF Fontenot, Emily A. Arthur, Frank H. Nechols, James R. Throne, James E. TI Using a population growth model to simulate response of Plodia interpunctella Hubner to temperature and diet SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Simulations; Model; Diet ID INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FARM-STORED MAIZE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; 5TH INSTARS; WILD STRAIN; MEAL MOTH; PYRALIDAE; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; EFFICACY AB Response to temperature and diet are major factors in the potential population growth of Plodia interpunctella Hubner, a damaging pest of many stored products. A population growth model was used to simulate population development on an optimal wheat-based diet and a sub-optimal diet of raisins at 20-35A degrees C, using different starting values for initial density and life stage. Predicted population development on the two diets increased with temperature and growth patterns were similar regardless of starting population levels at temperatures over 20A degrees C. The predicted population levels on raisins were much less than those predicted for wheat diet, with the same general patterns of increasing populations with temperature at each starting density level or life stage. Results show that the intrinsic population dynamics for P. interpunctella even on a sub-optimal diet and at sub-optimal temperatures are such that density can increase rapidly to levels that would cause extensive economic damage. The ability to predict population growth is a valuable tool to aid pest managers in decision making. C1 [Fontenot, Emily A.; Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Nechols, James R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/CSREES [00-511-01-9674]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [12-100-J] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or by Kansas State University. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This study was supported by the USDA/CSREES Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program Award No. 00-511-01-9674. This article is contribution No. 12-100-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10340-011-0411-0 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899AV UT WOS:000300785000020 ER PT J AU Gipson, C Brown, P AF Gipson, Chester Brown, Patricia TI A word from USDA and OLAW SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gipson, C (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 902BW UT WOS:000301014600015 PM 22343456 ER PT J AU Chen, JL Chu, CG Souza, EJ Guttieri, MJ Chen, XM Xu, S Hole, D Zemetra, R AF Chen, Jianli Chu, Chenggen Souza, Edward J. Guttieri, Mary J. Chen, Xianming Xu, Steven Hole, David Zemetra, Robert TI Genome-wide identification of QTL conferring high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici) in wheat SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE HTAP resistance; Yellow rust; QTL mapping; Triticum aestivum ID ARRAYS TECHNOLOGY DART; BREAD WHEAT; AESTIVUM L.; DISEASE RESISTANCE; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; MAP; REGISTRATION; LOCI; SOFTWARE; MARKERS AB High-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a durable type of resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring HTAP resistance to stripe rust in a population consisting of 169 F-8:10 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a susceptible cultivar Rio Blanco and a resistant germplasm IDO444. HTAP resistance was evaluated for both disease severity and infection type under natural infection over two years at two locations. The genetic linkage maps had an average density of 6.7 cM per marker across the genome and were constructed using 484 markers including 96 wheat microsatellite (SSR), 632 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) polymorphisms, two sequence-tagged-site (STS) from semi-dwarf genes Rht1 and Rht2, and two markers for low molecular-weight glutenin gene subunits. QTL analysis detected a total of eight QTL significantly associated with HTAP resistance to stripe rust with two on chromosome 2B, two on 3B and one on each of 1A, 4A, 4B and 5B. QTL on chromosomes 2B and 4A were the major loci derived from IDO444 and explained up to 47 and 42% of the phenotypic variation for disease severity and infection type, respectively. The remaining five QTL accounted for 7-10% of the trait variation. Of these minor QTL, the resistant alleles at the two QTL QYrrb.ui-3B.1 and QYrrb.ui-4B derived from Rio Blanco and reduced infection type only, while the resistant alleles at the other three QTL, QYrid.ui-1A, QYrid.ui-3B.2 and QYrid.ui-5B, all derived from IDO444 and reduced either infection type or disease severity. Markers linked to 2B and 4A QTL should be useful for selection of HTAP resistance to stripe rust. C1 [Chen, Jianli] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Chu, Chenggen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Souza, Edward J.] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Guttieri, Mary J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Xu, Steven] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Hole, David] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Zemetra, Robert] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Chen, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jchen@uidaho.edu RI Hole, David/A-7173-2008 OI Hole, David/0000-0003-1325-3181 FU National Research Initiative [2006-55606-16629]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Triticeae-CAP [2011-68002-30029]; Idaho Wheat Commission FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2006-55606-16629, the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Triticeae-CAP 2011-68002-30029, and the Idaho Wheat Commission Grant. The authors sincerely thank Dr. Deven R. See, Dr. Paul St Amand, Dr. Gina Brown-Guediera, Dr. Daryl Klindworth, Mr. Weidong Zhao, Mrs. Karen Peterson and Mr. Junli Zhang for technical assistance in genotyping SSR markers. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 791 EP 800 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9590-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 898YJ UT WOS:000300778000018 ER PT J AU Ely, MR Ely, BR Chinevere, TD Lacher, CP Lukaski, HC Cheuvront, SN AF Ely, M. R. Ely, B. R. Chinevere, T. D. Lacher, C. P. Lukaski, H. C. Cheuvront, S. N. TI Evaluation of the Megaduct sweat collector for mineral analysis SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Macroduct; Wescor; exercise-heat stress; sweat rate; mineral ID PROLONGED EXERCISE; HEAT ACCLIMATION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; WHOLE-BODY; ARM-BAG; LOSSES; IRON; CHLORIDE; ZINC; TEMPERATURES AB Accurate measurement of sweat mineral loss is important for whole body mineral balance estimates and dietary reference intake formulation. Currently, common localized sweat collection methods such as the pouch and patch techniques may be limited by skin encapsulation and/or hidromeiosis, which may alter sweat mineral concentrations. The design of the newly developed Megaduct sweat collector may avoid these possible limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the Megaduct sweat collector for mineral analysis. Megaduct sweat collectors were affixed to ten volunteers on the final day of a heat acclimation protocol; collection time, sweat volume, and mineral concentrations of calcium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, and zinc were measured. Megaduct filling required a collection period of 62 +/- 3 min due to a small collection surface (22.1 cm(2)). The mineral content of the sweat was 0.3 +/- 0.1 mmol L-1, 1.5 +/- 1.5 mu mol L-1, 8.5 +/- 2.1 mmol L-1, 43.2 +/- 15.0 mmol L-1, and 10.1 +/- 5.7 mu mol L-1 for Ca, Cu, K, Na, and Zn, respectively. The Megaduct sweat collector appears to avoid skin encapsulation and hidromeiosis, and captures sweat with similar mineral concentrations as reported in the literature for pouches. However, the filling time of the Megaduct (>60 min) may not capture possible changes in sweat mineral concentrations that are documented to occur in as little as 15 to 30 min. C1 [Ely, M. R.; Ely, B. R.; Chinevere, T. D.; Cheuvront, S. N.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Lacher, C. P.; Lukaski, H. C.] USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Ely, MR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM matthew.ely@us.army.mil OI Ely, Matthew/0000-0002-0618-7078 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0967-3334 EI 1361-6579 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/33/3/385 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA 901SM UT WOS:000300987100008 PM 22369987 ER PT J AU Goyal, RK Kumar, V Shukla, V Mattoo, R Liu, YS Chung, SH Giovannoni, JJ Mattoo, AK AF Goyal, Ravinder K. Kumar, Vinod Shukla, Vijaya Mattoo, Rohini Liu, Yongsheng Chung, Sang Ho Giovannoni, James J. Mattoo, Autar K. TI Features of a unique intronless cluster of class I small heat shock protein genes in tandem with box C/D snoRNA genes on chromosome 6 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Chaperones; Fruit ripening; Gene clusters; Gene mapping; Molecular phylogeny; Solanum lycopersicum; snoRNA; Cis elements ID CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS; PRE-RIBOSOMAL-RNA; U3 SNRNA GENES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; COMPARATIVE GENETICS; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AB Physical clustering of genes has been shown in plants; however, little is known about gene clusters that have different functions, particularly those expressed in the tomato fruit. A class I 17.6 small heat shock protein (Sl17.6 shsp) gene was cloned and used as a probe to screen a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genomic library. An 8.3-kb genomic fragment was isolated and its DNA sequence determined. Analysis of the genomic fragment identified intronless open reading frames of three class I shsp genes (Sl17.6, Sl20.0, and Sl20.1), the Sl17.6 gene flanked by Sl20.1 and Sl20.0, with complete 5' and 3' UTRs. Upstream of the Sl20.0 shsp, and within the shsp gene cluster, resides a box C/D snoRNA cluster made of SlsnoR12.1 and SlU24a. Characteristic C and D, and C' and D', boxes are conserved in SlsnoR12.1 and SlU24a while the upstream flanking region of SlsnoR12.1 carries TATA box 1, homol-E and homol-D box-like cis sequences, TM6 promoter, and an uncharacterized tomato EST. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that this particular arrangement of shsps is conserved in tomato genome but is distinct from other species. The intronless genomic sequence is decorated with cis elements previously shown to be responsive to cues from plant hormones, dehydration, cold, heat, and MYC/MYB and WRKY71 transcription factors. Chromosomal mapping localized the tomato genomic sequence on the short arm of chromosome 6 in the introgression line (IL) 6-3. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene cluster members revealed differential expression during ripening of tomato fruit, and relatively different abundances in other plant parts. C1 [Goyal, Ravinder K.; Kumar, Vinod; Shukla, Vijaya; Chung, Sang Ho; Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shukla, Vijaya] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mattoo, Rohini] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mol Reprod Dev & Genet, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Liu, Yongsheng; Giovannoni, James J.] USDA ARS, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov NR 107 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAR PY 2012 VL 235 IS 3 BP 453 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s00425-011-1518-5 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 899XV UT WOS:000300850900002 PM 21947620 ER PT J AU Anderson, KE Jones, DR AF Anderson, K. E. Jones, D. R. TI Effect of genetic selection on growth parameters and tonic immobility in Leghorn pullets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pullet; fearfulness behavior; genetics; tonic immobility ID PLASMA THYROID-HORMONES; LAYING HENS; CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATION; LYMPHOCYTE RATIOS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; FEEDER SPACE; PERFORMANCE; RESPONSES; CHICKENS; STRESS AB Four genetic stocks of Leghorn pullets were used to evaluate the effects of genetic selection on growth and fearfulness behavior. Three of the stocks were the Ottawa randombred control stocks from 1950 (CS5), 1959 (CS7), and 1972 (CS10). The fourth stock was a 1993 commercial laying stock (CCS) whose ancestors were involved in the formation of the randombred control stocks. Pullets were reared in a brood and grow poultry house with flat deck cages. Each stock was comprised of 840 birds with 21 replicates per strain. Body weight and feed consumption were monitored biweekly. At 16 wk of age, a 20-hen sample from each strain was analyzed for BW, body composition, and tonic immobility. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among the stocks for BW of 1,403; 1,333; 1,332; and 1,428 g for the CS5, CS7, CS10, and CCS stocks, respectively. Furthermore, significant differences occurred with regard to feed consumption, livability, and frame size. There were no differences among the stocks in tonic immobility. Measurement of circulating corticosterone levels were shown to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the CCS stock (7.64 ng/mL) than for both the CS5 (4.50 ng/mL) and CS7 (4.61 ng/mL) stocks, whereas the CS10 stock was intermediate with 6.45 ng/mL. Genetic selection has affected growth parameters, although there appears to be no change in fearfulness behavior but an increase in corticosterone levels in stocks from later years. C1 [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Anderson, KE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ken_anderson@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 91 IS 3 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01799 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 897BT UT WOS:000300616800027 PM 22334754 ER PT J AU Wagschal, K Jordan, DB Braker, JD AF Wagschal, Kurt Jordan, Douglas B. Braker, Jay D. TI Catalytic properties of beta-D-xylosidase XylBH43 from Bacillus halodurans C-125 and mutant XylBH43-W147G SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-D-Xylosidase; GH43; Inhibition; Bioenergy; Protein engineering ID PLANT-CELL WALL; SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; ACTIVE-SITE; GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE; CORN STOVER; ENZYME; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; INHIBITION AB Recombinant glycoside hydrolase family 43 member beta-D-xylosidase XylBH43 from Bacillus halodurans C-125 was expressed in Escherichia coli with C-terminal His-tag. Compared to structurally homologous beta-xylosidase SXA, another GH43 member and the most active xylosidase known to date, the k(cat) value for xylobiose hydrolysis was 2-fold lower, xylotriose and xylotetraose k(cat) values were similar, and binding affinities for inhibitors xylose and glucose were 10-fold lower and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. Mutant SXA-W145G had previously been shown to exhibit reduced monosaccharide binding. Characterization of the corresponding mutant XylBH43-W147G shows a similar 2.6-fold Ki(D-xylose) increase. In addition, the Trp mutant displayed lowered substrate inhibition for both natural and artificial substrates, while K-m of substrates increased and thermal stability at 50 degrees C decreased similar to 100-fold. The superior xylooligosaccharide k(cat) values for XylBH43 make this enzyme valuable both as a saccharification enzyme, and as a source of genetic diversity in on-going protein engineering efforts targeted at optimizing GH43 enzymes for biomass saccharification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wagschal, Kurt] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jordan, Douglas B.; Braker, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wagschal, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kurt.wagschal@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS 5325-41000-049-00, CRIS 3620-41000-118-00D] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture CRIS 5325-41000-049-00 (K.W.) and CRIS 3620-41000-118-00D (D.B.J. and J.D.B.). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.07.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 900EF UT WOS:000300868700004 ER PT J AU Moss, SA Hedderick, DB AF Moss, Stuart A. Hedderick, Daniel B. TI An Economic Evaluation of a Small-Scale Timber Harvesting Operation in Western Maryland, USA SO SMALL-SCALE FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Private forest owners; Forest fragmentation; Small forest parcels AB As forests of the eastern United States become fragmented into smaller ownership parcels, there is a growing need for timber harvesting contactors who can economically harvest timber and perform silvicultural operations on small tracts. Traditional large-scale harvesting operators are ill-suited for work on small parcels, due to their high fixed costs. By contrast, small-scale operators, characterized by few workers and low capital investment, offer an opportunity to serve this landowner segment. This paper presents financial and productivity results from a small-scale timber harvesting pilot study conducted on small forested parcels in western Maryland, USA. Acceptable financial performance is possible for these operations, provided that the operator pays close attention to the important factors determining productivity and profitability, including: (1) average tree volume, (2) net delivered price, (3) time utilization, and (4) distance to the site. Although profitable harvesting of saw log quality trees on parcels less than 10 ha is possible, harvesting of small or poor-quality trees remains economically unattractive. C1 [Moss, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hedderick, Daniel B.] US Forest Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Cumberland, MD 21502 USA. RP Moss, SA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Stuart.Moss@mail.wvu.edu FU US Forest Service; Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Forest Service FX The authors would like to thank our harvesting contractor, Matt Diehl, for his significant contributions to this project. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Frank Stark and Brian Knox, the forestry consultants who marked the stands for harvest and performed pre- and post-harvest evaluations. Funding for this project was provided by the US Forest Service Innovation Grant and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Forest Service. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1873-7617 J9 SMALL-SCALE FOR JI Small-Scale For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s11842-011-9171-1 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 902NE UT WOS:000301044400008 ER PT J AU Cullum, RF AF Cullum, R. F. TI Influence of tillage on maize yield in soil with shallow fragipan SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Conservation tillage; Water movement ID UNITED-STATES; RUNOFF; SURFACE; AGRICULTURE; ATRAZINE AB A genuine concern for landowners and other stake holders is whether conservation tillage contaminates shallow groundwater even though it greatly reduces erosion. A six-year continuous maize (Zea mays L) study that compared yields from no-tillage (NT), reduced-tillage (RT), and conventional-tillage (CT) was conducted in the upland hills of northern Mississippi on 4-6% sloping soils overlying a shallow fragipan. The objective was to test the hypothesis that neither no-tillage nor reduced-tillage has the same effect on maize crop as conventional-tillage on soils with a shallow water restricted layer. The study showed conservation tillage had fewer detrimental effects on the water quality in runoff and shallow groundwater and promoted more soil water for crop use during the growing season than conventional tillage. With adequate weed control, NT produced higher yields than CT on these silt loam soils due to soil water conservation. However, inadequate weed control occurred in several years of the study along with above normal rain resulting in lower NT maize yields than CT yields. Significant differences in maize yield were found for type of tillage, year, and tillage-year interaction. These differences were explained by a tillage system's ability to conserve soil water and control weeds. Other results included low sediment amounts lost from NT maize plots and insignificant free water quantities at the fragipan's surface during the cropping season for all tillage systems. Maximum groundwater movement across the surface of the fragipan occurred during the non-cropping season under soil profile saturation. Amount, timing, and distribution of rainfall rather than tillage system primarily influenced agrichemical movement from maize systems in this study. Some form of conservation tillage that decreases or prevents erosion will be required on sloping lands with shallow fragipan to sustain long term continuous corn production. Information from this study provides additional guidance for making tillage and pesticide management recommendations to farmers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cullum, RF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM bobby.cullum@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 119 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.still.2011.11.011 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 902CT UT WOS:000301016900001 ER PT J AU Melero, S Lopez-Bellido, RJ Lopez-Bellido, L Munoz-Romero, V Moreno, F Murillo, JM Franzluebbers, AJ AF Melero, Sebastiana Lopez-Bellido, Rafael J. Lopez-Bellido, Luis Munoz-Romero, Veronica Moreno, Felix Murillo, Jose M. Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Stratification ratios in a rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol in wheat under different tillage, rotation and N fertilisation rates SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dryland agriculture; Clay; Soil organic matter; Conservation tillage; Enzymatic activities ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; QUALITY; FRACTIONS; COMPONENTS; TEMPERATE; DYNAMICS AB Semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions and intensive tillage systems accelerate soil organic matter losses. Therefore, assessing agricultural practices that enhance storage of soil organic matter is needed. Stratification of soil properties with soil depth, expressed as a ratio, could indicate soil quality under different soil management. We measured soil depth stratification ratio (0-5/10-30 cm and 0-5/30-50 cm) of soil organic C (SOC), total N, active carbon (AC), water soluble carbon (WSC), and soil enzymatic activities [dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and beta-glucosidase activity (BGA)] of a Typic Haploxerert in southern Spain. The experimental design consisted of a split-split plot design with three replications and soil properties evaluated at the end of 22 years. Tillage systems included conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT). Dryland, 2-year crop rotations were wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (WF), wheat-chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (WC), wheat-faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (WFb), wheat-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (WS), and continuous wheat (WW). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0,50 and 150 kg N ha(-1). Stratification ratios of total N, WSC, AC, DHA, and BGA were most responsive to tillage systems; NT greater than CT. Stratification ratios of SOC. total N, WSC, AC and BGA were most responsive to crop rotation; WFb and WW greater than WF, WC, and WS. Stratification ratio of BGA was most responsive to N fertiliser rate; higher rates than no fertiliser. Stratification ratios of C and N fractions and enzymatic activities were responsive to choice of denominator used for ratio calculation. Tillage and crop rotation had more influence than N fertiliser rate in affecting stratification ratio of C and N fractions and enzymatic activities. Stratification ratio was relatively low (<2), perhaps due to the large shrinking and swelling characteristics of Vertisols. Stratification ratio of BGA was greater than of all other soil properties, suggesting that it might be a good indicator of soil quality under different soil management in Mediterranean conditions, particularly with Vertisols. This study indicated the value of stratification ratios to detect improvement in soil organic matter fractions and enzymatic activities (i.e. indicators of soil quality) with adoption of improved conservation management approaches. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez-Bellido, Rafael J.; Lopez-Bellido, Luis; Munoz-Romero, Veronica] Univ Cordoba, Dept Ciencias & Recursos Agr & Forestales, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Melero, Sebastiana; Moreno, Felix; Murillo, Jose M.] CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Lopez-Bellido, L (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Ciencias & Recursos Agr & Forestales, Campus Rabanales,Edificio C-4 Celestino Mutis,Ctr, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM cr1lobel@uco.es RI Lopez-Bellido, Rafael/K-5698-2014; Murillo, Jose M/K-6410-2014 OI Murillo, Jose M/0000-0001-6937-6426 FU Commission Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT) [AGL2010-22050-C03-03, AGL2006-02127]; CSIC FX Authors want to thank to Commission Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT) through projects (AGL2010-22050-C03-03 and AGL2006-02127), which allowed this work to be carried out. S. Melero thanks to CSIC for her contract through program "JAE-Doc". The authors would like to thank ABECERA for providing the land and allowing us to use their field facilities. Special thanks are also expressed to Joaquin Munoz and Jose Munoz for their field work. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 119 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.still.2011.11.012 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 902CT UT WOS:000301016900002 ER PT J AU Raczkowski, CW Mueller, JP Busscher, WJ Bell, MC McGraw, ML AF Raczkowski, C. W. Mueller, J. P. Busscher, W. J. Bell, M. C. McGraw, M. L. TI Soil physical properties of agricultural systems in a large-scale study SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Agricultural systems; Best management practices; Large-scale study; No-tillage, Organic production; Soil physical properties ID CORN; AGGREGATION; GROWTH AB The extent to which findings from small-scale field studies can be used to make agricultural recommendations or management decisions is a concern because of natural influential processes that occur only at a large-scale. A large-scale field study was conducted to determine the effects of agricultural management systems on soil physical properties, including their spatial and temporal variations. Three replicates of the systems were based on soil type in an area that had been intensively mapped and were established in 1998 at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems, Goldsboro, NC. Agricultural management systems include five treatments which were best management practices (BMP: with subplots conventional tillage - BCT and no-tillage - BNT), organic crop production (OCP), integrated crop-animal (ICA), plantation forestry-woodlot (PFW), and abandoned-field succession (AFS). Soil physical properties of bulk density (Db), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), field capacity (FC), saturated water content (SWC), total porosity (TP), micro- and macroporosity (MicP, MacP), and water stable aggregation (WSA) were measured in multiple years within the period 1999-2007. The experimental methods successfully produced data with acceptable levels of variability, discernable soil property differences between systems, and unambiguous relationships between soil properties. Blocking areas with large portions of a diagnostic soil maintained the homogeneity of experimental plots and produced acceptable error terms in statistical procedures. The sampling scheme used prevented sample collection in previously sampled areas. Tilled systems BCT and OCP did not differ in soil physical properties and their properties remained rather constant with time. The BNT, PFW and AFS systems had similar properties with higher Db, lower TP, higher MicP and higher FC than tilled systems. The ICA sub-treatments developed a post-grazing higher Db, lower TP and lower MacP. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Raczkowski, C. W.; McGraw, M. L.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Design, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Mueller, J. P.; Bell, M. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Busscher, W. J.] USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Raczkowski, CW (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Design, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM raczkowc@ncat.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 119 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.still.2011.12.006 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 902CT UT WOS:000301016900007 ER PT J AU Bilbao-Sainz, C Chiou, BS de Campos, A Du, WX Wood, DF Klamczynski, AP Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina Chiou, Bor-Sen de Campos, Adriana Du, Wen-Xian Wood, Delilah F. Klamczynski, Artur P. Glenn, Greg M. Orts, William J. TI Starch-lipid composites containing cinnamaldehyde SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial activity; Corn starch; Nano-emulsion; Stability; Viscoelastic properties ID STEAM JET COOKING; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LACTOBACILLUS-SAKEI; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPLEX-FORMATION; WATER INTERFACE; ESSENTIAL OILS; GEL FORMATION; EMULSIFICATION; EMULSIONS AB The formulation of a starchlipid composite containing cinnamaldehyde as antimicrobial agent has been studied. Cinnamaldehyde was incorporated as an emulsion using acetem 9050?K as a carrier and Tween 60 as the emulsifier. Oil in water emulsions were prepared by direct emulsification using a high shear mixer or a high pressure homogenizer (Microfluidizer). Oil in water emulsions containing cinnamaldehyde were further used to prepare starchoil composites by mixing the emulsions with a completely gelatinized starch solution (wx starch, native corn dent starch, and high AM corn starch). Results demonstrated that in the presence of the emulsifier Tween 60, stable composites could be obtained when sufficient amount of AM was present in the sample. Finally, stable composites were tested for their biocidal activity against Listeria monocitogenes; no survivors remained after 1 day of incubation with 0.25% cinnamaldehyde or after 7 days with 0.025% cinnamaldehyde. C1 [Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina; Chiou, Bor-Sen; Du, Wen-Xian; Wood, Delilah F.; Klamczynski, Artur P.; Glenn, Greg M.; Orts, William J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [de Campos, Adriana] CNPDIA EMBRAPA, Embrapa Agr Instrumentat, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Bilbao-Sainz, C (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cristina.bilbao@ars.usda.gov RI Campos, Adriana/F-7070-2012 OI Campos, Adriana/0000-0002-1499-2659 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAR PY 2012 VL 64 IS 3 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1002/star.201100087 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 901PB UT WOS:000300978200008 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Zavala, G Hafner, S Collett, SR Cheng, S AF Williams, S. M. Zavala, G. Hafner, S. Collett, S. R. Cheng, S. TI Metastatic Melanomas in Young Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; immunohistochemistry; melanoma; retrovirus ID NATURALLY-OCCURRING NEOPLASMS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; AUSTRALIA; VICTORIA; FEATURES; STATE; BIRDS AB Four young broiler chickens affected by multiple melanotic tumors are described. Grossly, there were multiple tumors composed of melanocytes within the skin, skeletal muscle, and multiple visceral organs. Tumors ranged from flattened macules to masses that extensively replaced viscera. Microscopically, melanocytes were often well pigmented, and while there was moderate nuclear anisokaryosis, mitotic rates were low. Immunohistochemical staining of some melanomas with antibodies to S100 proteins, Melan-A, vimentin, or neuron-specific enolase after bleaching of tumor cells with potassium permanganate revealed lack of immunostaining of tumor cells with antibodies to S100, strong positive staining of tumor cells for neuron-specific enolase, moderate staining with antibodies to vimentin, and faint staining for Melan-A. Only neuron-specific enolase staining was evident in unbleached tumor cells. Attempts to identify exogenous avian leukosis viruses in these tumors were unsuccessful. C1 [Williams, S. M.; Zavala, G.; Collett, S. R.; Cheng, S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hafner, S.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Eastern Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Williams, SM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM smwillia@uga.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 288 EP 291 DI 10.1177/0300985811415706 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 899SI UT WOS:000300836000007 PM 21825310 ER PT J AU Zuerner, RL Alt, DP Palmer, MV AF Zuerner, R. L. Alt, D. P. Palmer, M. V. TI Development of Chronic and Acute Golden Syrian Hamster Infection Models With Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leptospirosis; leukocyte; pathogenesis; Syrian hamster ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BOVIS INFECTION; LETHAL STRAIN; INTERROGANS; CATTLE; VACCINATION; SEROGROUPS; VIRULENCE; GROWTH; CELLS AB The golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is frequently used as a model to study virulence for several Leptospira species. Onset of an acute lethal infection following inoculation with several pathogenic Leptospira species has been widely adopted for pathogenesis studies. An important exception is the outcome following inoculation of hamsters with live L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, the primary cause of bovine leptospirosis and a cause of human infections. Typically, inoculation of hamsters with L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo fails to induce clinical signs of infection. In this study, the authors defined LD50 and ID50 for 2 strains of L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo: JB197 and 203. Both strains infected hamsters with ID50 values of approximately 1.5 x 10(2) bacteria yet differed in tissue invasion and interaction with leukocytes, resulting in widely divergent clinical outcomes. Hamsters infected with strain 203 established renal colonization within 4 days postinfection and remained asymptomatic with chronic renal infections similar to cattle infected with serovar Hardjo. In contrast, hamsters infected with strain JB197 developed a rapidly debilitating disease typical of acute leptospirosis common in accidental hosts (eg, humans) with an LD50 of 3.6 x 10(4) bacteria. Evidence that strain JB197 resides in both extracellular and intracellular environments during hamster infection was obtained. Development of models that result in chronic and acute forms of leptospirosis provides a platform to study L. borgpetersenii pathogenesis and to test vaccines for the prevention of leptospirosis. C1 [Zuerner, R. L.; Alt, D. P.; Palmer, M. V.] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Richard.Zuerner@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1177/0300985811409252 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 899SI UT WOS:000300836000021 PM 21670193 ER PT J AU Thompson, DI Abdelsamad, D Cantu, DA Gillum, AC AF Thompson, Debbe I. Abdelsamad, Dina Cantu, Dora A. Gillum, Adam C. TI Instructional Physical Activity Monitor Video in English and Spanish SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ACCELEROMETER C1 [Thompson, Debbe I.; Abdelsamad, Dina; Cantu, Dora A.; Gillum, Adam C.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Thompson, DI (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dit@bcm.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD066305] NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP E29 EP E30 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.024 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 897CI UT WOS:000300618600002 PM 22341175 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Choudhary, RK Daniels, KM Li, RW Evock-Clover, CM AF Capuco, A. V. Choudhary, R. K. Daniels, K. M. Li, R. W. Evock-Clover, C. M. TI Bovine mammary stem cells: cell biology meets production agriculture SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE mammary development; stem cells; progenitor cells; label-retaining cells ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; TEMPLATE DNA STRANDS; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; IN-VIVO; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN BREAST; FAT PAD; STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; EPIDERMAL HOMEOSTASIS AB Mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for net growth, renewal and turnover of mammary epithelial cells, and are therefore potential targets for strategies to increase production efficiency. Appropriate regulation of MaSC can potentially benefit milk yield, persistency, dry period management and tissue repair. Accordingly, we and others have attempted to characterize and alter the function of bovine MaSC. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge of MaSC gained from studies using mouse and human model systems and present research on bovine MaSC within that context. Recent data indicate that MaSC retain labeled DNA for extended periods because of their selective segregation of template DNA strands during mitosis. Relying on this long-term retention of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled DNA, we identified putative bovine MaSC. These label-retaining epithelial cells (LREC) are in low abundance within mammary epithelium (<1%). They are predominantly estrogen receptor (ER) -negative and localized in a basal or suprabasal layer of the epithelium throughout the gland. Thus, the response of MaSC to estrogen, the major mitogen in mammary gland, is likely mediated by paracrine factors released by cells that are ER-positive. This is consistent with considerable evidence for cross-talk within and between epithelial cells and surrounding stromal cells. Excision of classes of cells by laser microdissection and subsequent microarray analysis will hopefully provide markers for MaSC and insights into their regulation. Preliminary analyses of gene expression in laser-microdissected LREC and non-LREC are consistent with the concept that LREC represent populations of stem cells and progenitor cells that differ with regard to their properties and location within the epithelial layer We have attempted to modulate the MaSC number by infusing a solution of xanthosine through the teat canal and into the ductal network of the mammary glands of prepubertal heifers. This treatment increased the number of putative stem cells, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of LREC and increased telomerase activity within the tissue. The exciting possibility that stem cell expansion can influence milk production is currently under investigation. C1 [Capuco, A. V.; Li, R. W.; Evock-Clover, C. M.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Capuco, A. V.; Choudhary, R. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Daniels, K. M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Tony.Capuco@ars.usda.gov OI Daniels, Kristy/0000-0002-1437-1457 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 1265-31000-083-00D]; National Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35206-18825] FX The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS 1265-31000-083-00D and National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35206-18825 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 118 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD MAR PY 2012 VL 6 IS 3 BP 382 EP 393 DI 10.1017/S1751731111002369 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 896AK UT WOS:000300537600005 PM 22436217 ER PT J AU Chen, GY AF Chen, Guoying TI A 5-kg Time-Resolved Luminescence Photometer with Multiple Excitation Sources SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Photometer; Lanthanide-sensitized luminescence; Fluoroquinolone; Tetracycline; LED; Xenon flashlamp ID LANTHANIDE-SENSITIZED LUMINESCENCE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAPID DETECTION; DRUG RESIDUES; TETRACYCLINE; FLUORESCENCE; FLUOROQUINOLONES; SPECTROMETRY AB A luminescence photometer was developed based on lanthanide-sensitized luminescence to detect environmental pollutants and residues in foods including, in particular, two classes of antibiotics: tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Multiple excitation sources, a xenon flashlamp and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs), were used to their advantages. A photomultiplier tube module, gated to reject time-domain interferences, was used as a photodetector. Using danofloxacin as a model analyte, luminescence signal was linear in more than three decades (0.5-2000 ng/mL) with R-2 > 0.998 in each decade. This photometer achieved a limit of detection of 2.0 ng/mL with 1.3% average relative standard deviation. It is field deployable at 4.6 kg and 15 W power consumption. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM guoying.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1366/11-06483 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 896VK UT WOS:000300599300015 PM 22449313 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Johnson, MVV Bruckerhoff, SB Kaiser, JU Cordsiemon, RL Harmel, RD AF Kiniry, James Robert Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. Bruckerhoff, Steve B. Kaiser, Jerry U. Cordsiemon, R. L. Harmel, R. Daren TI Clash of the Titans: Comparing Productivity Via Radiation Use Efficiency for Two Grass Giants of the Biofuel Field SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Miscanthus; Radiation use efficiency; Simulation modeling; Switchgrass ID SWITCHGRASS PANICUM-VIRGATUM; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOLAR-RADIATION; DIVERSE SITES; ALMANAC MODEL; MAIZE; SIMULATION; MISCANTHUS; FEEDSTOCK; ENERGY AB The comparative productivity of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) is of critical importance to the biofuel industry. The radiation use efficiency (RUE), when derived in an environment with non-limiting soil water and soil nutrients, provides one metric of relative productivity. The objective of this study was to compare giant Miscanthus to available switchgrass cultivars, using established methods to calculate RUE of the two species at two disparate sites. Measurements of fraction intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and dry matter were taken on plots at Elsberry, MO (Miscanthus and the switchgrass cultivars Alamo, Kanlow, and Cave-in-Rock) and at Gustine, TX (Miscanthus and Alamo switchgrass, irrigated with dairy wastewater and a non-irrigated control). In MO, Miscanthus mean RUE (3.71) was less than Alamo switchgrass mean RUE (4.30). In TX under irrigation, Miscanthus mean RUE was 2.24 and Alamo switchgrass mean RUE was 3.20. In MO, the more northern lowland switchgrass cultivar, Kanlow, showed similar mean RUE (3.70) as Miscanthus. In MO, the northern upland cultivar Cave-in-Rock had a mean RUE (3.17) that was only 85% of that for Miscanthus at MO. Stress (water and nutrients) had a greater effect on Miscanthus RUE than on switchgrass RUE in TX. These results provide realistic RUE values for simulating these important biofuel grasses in diverse environmental conditions. C1 [Kiniry, James Robert; Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.; Harmel, R. Daren] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Bruckerhoff, Steve B.; Kaiser, Jerry U.; Cordsiemon, R. L.] USDA NRCS Elsberry Plant Mat Ctr, Elsberry, MO 63343 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jim.kiniry@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9116-8 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897NV UT WOS:000300658900005 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE Tew, TL Rukavina, H Boykin, DL AF Lingle, Sarah E. Tew, Thomas L. Rukavina, Hrvoje Boykin, Deborah L. TI Post-harvest Changes in Sweet Sorghum I: Brix and Sugars SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; Sorghum; Storage; Harvest method ID DETERIORATION; QUALITY; STORAGE AB This experiment was done to measure the changes of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) after harvest. Three cultivars of sorghum were harvested at 90, 115, and 140 days after planting. Stripped and topped stalks were divided into four treatments: whole stalks, 20- or 40-cm billets, and chopped. Samples were placed in individual plastic bins and stored outside in a shade tent. At 0, 1, 2, and 4 days after harvest, subsamples were removed from each bin and the juice expressed. Juice was analyzed for A degrees Brix (percent total dissolved solids on a w/w basis) and the simple sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose. In most of the treatments, juice A degrees Brix decreased slightly or was unchanged during storage. Sucrose decreased in all treatments, while glucose and fructose increased in the whole stalk, 20-cm billet, and 40-cm billet treatments. In those treatments, total sugar was little changed over the 4-day storage period. In chopped sorghum, decreases in glucose were significant after 1 day of storage. Glucose decreased to near 0 mg mL(-1) by 2 days after harvest, while the decrease in fructose was not as great. The Pearson correlation between total sugar and A degrees Brix using day 0 means (non-deteriorated juice) was r = 0.964 (n = 32, rho < 0.001). The correlation between total sugar and A degrees Brix using the shredded sample means, which included deteriorated juice, was r = 0.411 (n = 24, rho a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.046). Juice A degrees Brix should not be used to evaluate juice for deterioration. We conclude that whole stalk and billet harvesting are superior to harvesting by forage harvester since forage-harvested sorghum would have to be processed within hours to maintain the sugars. C1 [Lingle, Sarah E.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Rukavina, Hrvoje] Western Illinois Univ, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Boykin, Deborah L.] USDA ARS, Mid S Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sarah.lingle@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9164-0 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897NV UT WOS:000300658900016 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE Thomson, JL AF Lingle, Sarah E. Thomson, Jessica L. TI Sugarcane Internode Composition During Crop Development SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cell wall composition; Saccharum; Sugarcane; Internode; Sugar; Ethanol; Biofuel; Biomass; Bagasse ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CLONAL EVALUATION TRIALS; SUCROSE METABOLISM; CANE BAGASSE; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; STEM AB Sugarcane sugar and bagasse can be utilized for the production of ethanol or other biofuels. A better understanding of the changes in composition with development along the stalk and with crop development will maximize the usage of sugarcane for this purpose. Two experiments were designed to elucidate internode composition changes during the growing season. In experiment 1, an internode of stalks of 5 modern cultivars were marked at the start of elongation, and then sampled every 1 to 2 weeks from July until October. Sugars were extracted and assayed, and a sequential detergent method was used to estimate hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents. In experiment 2, internodes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 down the stalk were sampled in late July (grand growth) and late September (ripening). Internode length, fresh weight, dry weight, water content, and sugar contents were determined as well as cell wall composition. Both experiments were repeated in 2 years. As internodes elongated, total sugar increased, and hemicellulose decreased as a proportion of neutral detergent fiber, while cellulose and lignin increased. After elongation, sucrose and lignin increased, and cellulose content decreased with internode age. The variability in cell wall composition among the five cultivars suggests that selection for desirable composition may be possible. In Experiment 2, hemicellulose contents were lower, and lignin and ash contents were higher at ripening than during grand growth. Delaying sugarcane harvest to maximize sucrose content may decrease bagasse suitability for cellulosic ethanol production because of the increased lignin content. C1 [Lingle, Sarah E.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. [Thomson, Jessica L.] USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. EM sarah.lingle@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9153-3 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897NV UT WOS:000300658900017 ER PT J AU Knoll, JE Anderson, WF Strickland, TC Hubbard, RK Malik, R AF Knoll, Joseph E. Anderson, William F. Strickland, Timothy C. Hubbard, Robert K. Malik, Ravindra TI Low-Input Production of Biomass from Perennial Grasses in the Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Energycane; Giant reed; Napiergrass; Nitrogen; Switchgrass ID ALAMO SWITCHGRASS; YIELD; BIOENERGY; SUGARCANE; NITROGEN; CONSEQUENCES; REGISTRATION; COMBUSTION; QUALITY; PLANTS AB Warm-season perennial grasses are a promising source of biomass for energy production in Southeast USA, and low-input production is desirable. With only residual fertility in the soil and no irrigation, this test compared biomass yields of eight grasses under low-input production: L 79-1002 energycane (Saccharum hyb.), Merkeron and N51 napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), three clones of giant reed (Arundo donax L.), and two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) lines. For the first 2 years napiergrass maintained dry matter (DM) yields over 25 Mg DM ha(-1) year(-1), and energycane yielded over 20 Mg DM ha(-1)year(-1) for 3 years. Switchgrass yields were lower (8.6 Mg DM ha(-1) year(-1) average of 4 years), but the biomass contained less moisture at harvest than the other, larger-stemmed grasses. Switchgrass biomass also had the lowest concentrations of N, K, and ash. Average yields of giant reeds were also low (6.4 Mg DM ha(-1) year(-1)), while ash and N concentrations were relatively high compared with switchgrass and energycane. In 4 years of production, energycane and napiergrass removed between 269 and 386 kg N ha(-1) and 830-1,159 kg K ha(-1), while the other grasses removed significantly less of these nutrients. Giant reed removed 126 kg N ha(-1) and 193 kg K ha(-1), and switchgrass removed 83 kg N ha(-1) and 140 kg K ha(-1). In Southeast USA, it is possible to produce biomass from perennial grasses with minimal inputs but the high nutrient removal rates of some species suggest that it may not be sustainable for long periods of time. C1 [Knoll, Joseph E.; Anderson, William F.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Strickland, Timothy C.; Hubbard, Robert K.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Malik, Ravindra] Albany State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Coll Sci & Hlth Profess, Albany, GA 31705 USA. RP Knoll, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM joe.knoll@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 23 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9122-x PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897NV UT WOS:000300658900021 ER PT J AU Escribano, S Lazaro, A Cuevas, HE Lopez-Sese, AI Staub, JE AF Escribano, Sandra Lazaro, Almudena Cuevas, Hugo E. Lopez-Sese, Ana I. Staub, Jack E. TI Spanish melons (Cucumis melo L.) of the Madrid provenance: a unique germplasm reservoir SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; Exotic germplasm; Genetic distance; Market class; Molecular markers; SSRs ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; SSR MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DIVERSITY; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; CUCURBITACEAE; POPULATIONS AB Melon (Cucumis melo L.) landraces of the Madrid provenance, Spain, have received national distinction for their high fruit quality and sensorial attributes. More specifically, a unique array of Group Inodorus landraces have been continuously cultivated and conserved by farmers in the municipality of Villaconejos since the 19th century. Their genetic relationships to other Group Inodorus and Flexuous melon market classes is not known, and, thus, a study was designed to determine their genetic relationships using 52 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and then make genetic comparisons between these accessions and a previously published "Standard Reference Germplasm Array" (RA) containing Group Inodorus (14 Spanish and one USA), Flexuosus (1 Spanish), and Cantalupensis ( 2 USA) melon accessions. This subset consisted of 15 Spanish Group Inodorus landraces that circumscribed the genetic variation of major Spanish melon market classes (Groups Inodorus and Flexuosus), and USA commercial varieties (Groups Cantalupensis and Inodorus). Based on genetic distances, Villaconejos (Madrid) genotypes differed substantially from RA subset accessions, thus defining their genetic uniqueness. Principal component analysis (PCA) partitioned the accessions examined into four distinct groups revealing that Villaconejos black epidermis melons (landraces 'Largo', 'Largo Negro Escrito' and 'Puchero') were distinctly different from all other accessions examined, as cluster analysis separated Rochet market type Villaconejos' accessions (landraces 'Mochuelo', 'Mochuelo Tradicional' and 'Meln de Villaconejos') from RA of the same market type. Genetic assessment of principal Spanish market classes revealed comparatively low intra-market heterogeneity in Piel de Sapo type accessions and high heterogeneity in Black and Yellow market type accessions. While a relatively high level of genetic introgression was detected between Yellow and Green market types, black epidermis market types were genetically unique. Given the uniqueness and high genetic diversity resident in Villaconejos landraces, this germplasm pool should be considered as a genetic source for broadening the comparatively narrow genetic base of Group Cantalupensis and Inodorus melon market types, especially standard commercial Spanish Group Inodorus market types (e.g., Piel de Sapo, Rochet, and Canari). C1 [Escribano, Sandra; Lazaro, Almudena] IMIDRA Madrilean Res Inst Rural Dev Agr & Food, Madrid 28800, Spain. [Cuevas, Hugo E.; Staub, Jack E.] US Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA,ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lopez-Sese, Ana I.] Univ Malaga, Consejo Super Invest Cient IHSM UMA CSIC, Inst Hortofruticultura Subtrop & Mediterranea La, Estac Expt La Mayora, Malaga 29760, Spain. RP Lazaro, A (reprint author), IMIDRA Madrilean Res Inst Rural Dev Agr & Food, Autovia A 2,Km 38,200, Madrid 28800, Spain. EM almudena.lazaro@madrid.org RI Lazaro, Almudena/L-6152-2014; Lopez-Sese, Anabel/C-5085-2008 OI Lazaro, Almudena/0000-0002-7147-6693; Lopez-Sese, Anabel/0000-0001-5686-0884 FU European regional development fund (ERDF); INIA (Spanish Institute for Agro food Research) [RTA2006-00083-00-00] FX This work has been possible thanks to the use of material, installations and technical support from the Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit. Also to the financial support from European regional development fund (ERDF) & INIA (Spanish Institute for Agro food Research) project RTA2006-00083-00-00. Thanks to the Horticulture Department of the University of Wisconsin for the "Top Mark" and "WI-998" seeds, to Harris Moran Seeds for the "Green Flesh Honeydew" seeds and to the Experimental Station 'La Mayora' (CSIC) for the Spanish reference accessions. We would like also to thank Linda Crubaugh, for her technical support, Tusar K Behera for the DNA extractions support and Isabelle Delannay for the statistical interpretation and assistance. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 359 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s10722-011-9687-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 896FK UT WOS:000300550700004 ER PT J AU Gross, BL AF Gross, B. L. TI Homoploid hybrid expectations Genetic and phenotypic divergence of homoploid hybrid species from parental species SO HEREDITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SENECIO-SQUALIDUS ASTERACEAE; SPECIATION; ORIGIN C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resource Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gross, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resource Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Briana.Gross@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD MAR PY 2012 VL 108 IS 3 BP 157 EP 158 DI 10.1038/hdy.2011.80 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 896UE UT WOS:000300596100001 PM 21915149 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL Brockmeier, SL Loving, CL Register, KB Kehrli, ME Stibitz, SE Shore, SM AF Nicholson, Tracy L. Brockmeier, Susan L. Loving, Crystal L. Register, Karen B. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Stibitz, Scott E. Shore, Sarah M. TI Phenotypic Modulation of the Virulent Bvg Phase Is Not Required for Pathogenesis and Transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica in Swine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TOXIGENIC PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; GERM-FREE PIGS; INTRANASAL INOCULATION; DERMONECROTIC TOXIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; INFECTION; REGULON AB The majority of virulence gene expression in Bordetella is regulated by a two-component sensory transduction system encoded by the bvg locus. In response to environmental cues, the BvgAS regulatory system controls expression of a spectrum of phenotypic phases, transitioning between a virulent (Bvg(+)) phase and a nonvirulent (Bvg(-)) phase, a process referred to as phenotypic modulation. We hypothesized that the ability of Bordetella bronchiseptica to undergo phenotypic modulation is required at one or more points during the infectious cycle in swine. To investigate the Bvg phase-dependent contribution to pathogenesis of B. bronchiseptica in swine, we constructed a series of isogenic mutants in a virulent B. bronchiseptica swine isolate and compared each mutant to the wild-type isolate for its ability to colonize and cause disease. We additionally tested whether a BvgAS system capable of modulation is required for direct or indirect transmission. The Bvg(-) phase-locked mutant was never recovered from any respiratory tract site at any time point examined. An intermediate phase-locked mutant (Bvg(i)) was found in numbers lower than the wild type at all respiratory tract sites and time points examined and caused limited to no disease. In contrast, colonization of the respiratory tract and disease caused by the Bvg(+) phase-locked mutant and the wild-type strain were indistinguishable. The Bvg(+) phase-locked mutant transmitted to naive pigs by both direct and indirect contact with efficiency equal to that of the wild-type isolate. These results indicate that while full activation of the BvgAS regulatory system is required for colonization and severe disease, it is not deleterious to direct and indirect transmission. Overall, our results demonstrate that the Bvg(+) phase is sufficient for respiratory infection and host-to-host transmission of B. bronchiseptica in swine. C1 [Nicholson, Tracy L.; Brockmeier, Susan L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Register, Karen B.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.; Shore, Sarah M.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Stibitz, Scott E.] US FDA, Div Bacterial Parasit & Allergen Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Nicholson, TL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM tracy.nicholson@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1036 DI 10.1128/IAI.06016-11 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 897DA UT WOS:000300621600015 PM 22158743 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Damon, I Slate, D AF Rupprecht, Charles E. Damon, Inger Slate, Dennis TI Request for pictures of rabies vaccine bait respond SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Rupprecht, Charles E.; Damon, Inger] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Slate, Dennis] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Concord, NH USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 240 IS 5 BP 514 EP 514 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 897LO UT WOS:000300652400023 ER PT J AU Short, MA Clark, CK Harvey, JW Wenzlow, N Hawkins, IK Allred, DR Knowles, DP Corn, JL Grause, JF Hennager, SG Kitchen, DL Traub-Dargatz, JL AF Short, Michael A. Clark, Carol K. Harvey, John W. Wenzlow, Nanny Hawkins, Ian K. Allred, David R. Knowles, Donald P. Corn, Joseph L. Grause, Juanita F. Hennager, Steven G. Kitchen, Diane L. Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. TI Outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in Florida SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TICK BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BABESIA-EQUI; UNITED STATES; CABALLI; BLOOD; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; HORSES AB Case Description-A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was hospitalized in Ocala, Fla, because of lethargy, fever, anorexia, and swelling of distal aspects of the limbs. A tentative diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis (EP) was made on the basis of examination of a blood smear. The case was reported to the Florida State Veterinarian, and infection with Babesia equi was confirmed. The subsequent investigation included quarantine and testing of potentially exposed horses for B equi and Babesia caballi infections, tick surveillance, and owner-agent interviews. Clinical Findings-210 horses on 25 premises were tested for infection with EP pathogens. Twenty B equi-infected horses on 7 premises were identified; no horses tested positive for B caballi. Seven horses, including the index case, had clinical findings consistent with EP Dermacentor variabilis was considered the only potential tick vector for B equi collected, and all D variabilis specimens tested negative for Babesia organisms via PCR assay. Results of the epidemiological investigation suggested that B equi was spread by use of shared needles and possibly blood transfusions. All horses that tested positive were involved in nonsanctioned Quarter Horse racing, and management practices were thought to pose substantial risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Treatment and Outcome-Final outcome of B equi-infected horses was euthanasia, death from undetermined causes, or shipment to a US federal research facility. Clinical Relevance-This investigation highlights the importance of collaboration between private veterinary practitioners, state veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and regulatory officials in the recognition, containment, and eradication of foreign animal disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;240:588-595) C1 [Short, Michael A.; Kitchen, Diane L.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Anim Ind, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Clark, Carol K.] Peterson & Smith Equine Hosp, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. [Harvey, John W.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Wenzlow, Nanny; Hawkins, Ian K.; Allred, David R.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Corn, Joseph L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Grause, Juanita F.; Hennager, Steven G.] Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Traub-Dargatz, Josie L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Traub-Dargatz, Josie L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Short, MA (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Anim Ind, 407 S Calhoun St,Mayo Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM Michael.Short@FreshFromFlorida.com OI Allred, David/0000-0001-9347-5918 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 240 IS 5 BP 588 EP 595 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 897LO UT WOS:000300652400036 PM 22332629 ER PT J AU Browning, R Phelps, O Chisley, C Getz, WR Hollis, T Leite-Browning, ML AF Browning, R., Jr. Phelps, O. Chisley, C. Getz, W. R. Hollis, T. Leite-Browning, M. L. TI Carcass yield traits of kids from a complete diallel of Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goat breeds semi-intensively managed on humid subtropical pasture SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Boer; breed; carcass trait; diallel cross; genetic component; meat goat ID BEEF-PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; SHEEP; SLAUGHTER; CATTLE; CONFORMATION; GENOTYPE; QUALITY; CROSSES AB Bucklings (n = 275) from a complete diallel of Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goats were slaughtered at 7 mo of age (4 mo postweaning) to evaluate genetic effects on carcass yield. Breed of sire did not affect (P > 0.05) live, carcass, and primal weights. Conversely, breed of dam was a consistently significant source of variation for carcass weight traits. Kiko dams produced kids with heavier (P < 0.05) live, carcass, and primal weights than Boer dams. Weights from Spanish dams were intermediate to Boer and Kiko with the significance of differences varying by trait. Cold carcass dressing percent was affected (P < 0.01) by breeds of sire and dam. Boer sires decreased (P < 0.05) dressing percent compared with Kiko and Spanish sires. Dressing percent was also less (P < 0.01) from Boer dams than from Kiko dams; Spanish dams were intermediate and did not differ (P > 0.05) from Boer or Kiko. Subjective conformation scores for muscularity were affected (P < 0.01) by breeds of sire and dam. Boer-sired kids had better (P < 0.01) live scores than Kiko-sired kids. Progeny of Boer dams had better (P < 0.05) live scores than progeny of Spanish dams. Boer-sired kids also had better carcass scores (P < 0.05) than Kiko-sired and Spanish-sired kids. Breed differences for primal cut proportions were negligible. Proportional boneless meat yields did not vary (P > 0.05) by breeds of sire or dam. Direct effects of Boer were negative for carcass weight, dressing percent, and shoulder weight and positive for proportional leg weight. Direct effects of Kiko were positive for carcass weight and shoulder weight and negative for proportional leg weight. Direct effects of Spanish did not differ (P > 0.10) from 0 for any trait tested. Heterosis levels were similar among breed pairings. Heterosis was substantial (P <= 0.05) for live, carcass, and primal weights (5 to 9%) but not for dressing percent, proportional boneless meat yield, or primal weight proportions (< 2%). Significant genetic variation was observed among goat breeds for carcass yield traits. Dam breed was more influential than sire breed. Boer germplasm was not superior to Kiko or Spanish germplasm for carcass yield when semi-intensively managed on humid, subtropical pasture. Results emphasize the importance of comparative breed evaluations to provide industry with reliable information on carcass yield among goat genotypes. C1 [Browning, R., Jr.] Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Phelps, O.; Chisley, C.] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, Lakewood, CO 80401 USA. [Chisley, C.] So Univ, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Getz, W. R.; Hollis, T.] Ft Valley State Univ, Small Ruminant Res & Extens Ctr, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Leite-Browning, M. L.] Alabama A&M Univ, Huntsville, AL 35762 USA. RP Browning, R (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM rbrowning@tnstate.edu FU USDA-NRI [2006-55618-17055]; USDA FX This research was supported by USDA-NRI project number 2006-55618-17055 and USDA Evans-Allen funds. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 709 EP 722 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-3999 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 896ZN UT WOS:000300610500002 PM 22003233 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Newman, S Foertter, F Aguilar, I Coffey, M AF Cole, J. B. Newman, S. Foertter, F. Aguilar, I. Coffey, M. TI BREEDING AND GENETICS SYMPOSIUM: Really big data: Processing and analysis of very large data sets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computation; genetic evaluation; genomic selection; phenotype; visualization ID MIXED-MODEL-EQUATIONS; TRAIT GENOMIC EVALUATION; FULL PEDIGREE; RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; PREDICTIONS; HOLSTEIN; INFORMATION; FERTILITY AB Modern animal breeding data sets are large and getting larger, due in part to recent availability of high-density SNP arrays and cheap sequencing technology. High-performance computing methods for efficient data warehousing and analysis are under development. Financial and security considerations are important when using shared clusters. Sound software engineering practices are needed, and it is better to use existing solutions when possible. Storage requirements for genotypes are modest, although full-sequence data will require greater storage capacity. Storage requirements for intermediate and results files for genetic evaluations are much greater, particularly when multiple runs must be stored for research and validation studies. The greatest gains in accuracy from genomic selection have been realized for traits of low heritability, and there is increasing interest in new health and management traits. The collection of sufficient phenotypes to produce accurate evaluations may take many years, and high-reliability proofs for older bulls are needed to estimate marker effects. Data mining algorithms applied to large data sets may help identify unexpected relationships in the data, and improved visualization tools will provide insights. Genomic selection using large data requires a lot of computing power, particularly when large fractions of the population are genotyped. Theoretical improvements have made possible the inversion of large numerator relationship matrices, permitted the solving of large systems of equations, and produced fast algorithms for variance component estimation. Recent work shows that single-step approaches combining BLUP with a genomic relationship (G) matrix have similar computational requirements to traditional BLUP, and the limiting factor is the construction and inversion of G for many genotypes. A naive algorithm for creating G for 14,000 individuals required almost 24 h to run, but custom libraries and parallel computing reduced that to 15 m. Large data sets also create challenges for the delivery of genetic evaluations that must be overcome in a way that does not disrupt the transition from conventional to genomic evaluations. Processing time is important, especially as real-time systems for on-farm decisions are developed. The ultimate value of these systems is to decrease time-to-results in research, increase accuracy in genomic evaluations, and accelerate rates of genetic improvement. C1 [Cole, J. B.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Newman, S.; Foertter, F.] Genus Plc, Hendersonville, TN 37075 USA. [Aguilar, I.] Inst Nacl Invest Agropecuaria INIA Las Brujas, Las Piedras 90200, Canelones, Uruguay. [Coffey, M.] Scottish Agr Coll, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.cole@ars.usda.gov RI Aguilar, Ignacio/C-2528-2012; Cole, John/J-8571-2014; OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401; Coffey, Mike/0000-0003-4890-6218 FU European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP, Rome, Italy); Genus plc (Basingstoke, United Kingdom); American Society of Animal Science; Journal of Animal Science FX Based on presentations at the Breeding and Genetics Symposium titled "Really Big Data: Processing and Analysis of Very Large Data Sets" at the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10 to 14, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana. This symposium was sponsored, in part, by the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP, Rome, Italy) and Genus plc (Basingstoke, United Kingdom), with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 61 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 723 EP 733 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4584 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 896ZN UT WOS:000300610500003 PM 22100598 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL AF Hadsell, D. L. TI LACTATION BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Circadian clocks and photoperiod in mammary gland development and lactation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), ARS, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dhadsell@bcm.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 742 EP 743 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4983 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 896ZN UT WOS:000300610500005 PM 22345105 ER PT J AU Koontz, AF Bush, LP Klotz, JL McLeod, KR Schrick, FN Harmon, DL AF Koontz, A. F. Bush, L. P. Klotz, J. L. McLeod, K. R. Schrick, F. N. Harmon, D. L. TI Evaluation of a ruminally dosed tall fescue seed extract as a model for fescue toxicosis in steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lactation Biology Symposium CY JUL 11-15, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE bovine; extract; fescue; model ID ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED FESCUE; SERUM PROLACTIN; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; BODY-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-STRESS; FEED-INTAKE; BLOOD-FLOW; THERMAL REGULATION; MILK-PRODUCTION; GROWTH-HORMONE AB Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) toxicosis research is often complicated by a reduction in intake of infected forage or seed, making treatment comparisons difficult. This study was conducted to develop a fescue toxicosis model that would allow for variations in DMI without altering the quantity of alkaloids consumed over the course of the experiment. Ground tall fescue seed and a tall fescue seed extract were used in two 2-period crossover experiments to determine the effectiveness of ruminal dosing of a tall fescue seed extract to induce fescue toxicosis. This experiment used 4 growing Holstein steers (BW = 337 +/- 24 kg) surgically fitted with ruminal cannulas. Steers were maintained on a diet of endophyte-free fescue hay fed ad libitum throughout the experiment. Endophyte-infected (E+; 4.1 mg/kg of ergovaline) and uninfected (E-; 0.0 mg/kg of ergovaline) KY-31 tall fescue seed was ground and dosed or extracted with ethanol, concentrated, and lyophilized before ruminal dosing. Ergovaline concentration of the final extract was 102 mg/kg. Animals were given a minimum of a 3-wk washout period between treatments. Physiological indicators were measured over 7 d at 22 degrees C (d 1 to 3) and 32 degrees C (d 4 to 7) during both seed and extract dosing. Seed and extract E+ dosing reduced serum prolactin concentrations such that they were not different from zero (P < 0.10). Treatment with E+ reduced feed intake (P < 0.05) and heart rate (P < 0.001), and increased respiration rate (P < 0.01) and core temperature (P < 0.05) during both seed and extract dosing. Increasing environmental temperature from 22 to 32 degrees C reduced total intake (P < 0.05) and increased core temperature (P < 0.001) and respiration rate (P < 0.001) during both seed and extract dosing. Diastolic blood pressure tended (P < 0.09) to be increased during E+ extract dosing and reduced during heat stress. These physiological alterations are consistent with those reported for cattle grazing or consuming seed from endophyte-infected tall fescue. These data indicate that a ruminally dosed ethanol extract of tall fescue seed is efficacious in inducing fescue toxicosis in cattle. C1 [Koontz, A. F.; McLeod, K. R.; Harmon, D. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Klotz, J. L.] ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schrick, F. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Harmon, DL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dharmon@uky.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 914 EP 921 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4292 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 896ZN UT WOS:000300610500024 PM 22064740 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ AF Hausman, G. J. TI MEAT SCIENCE AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: The influence of extracellular matrix on intramuscular and extramuscular adipogenesis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipogenesis; collagen; differentiation; extracellular matrix; laminin ID NUTRITIONALLY INDUCED OBESITY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE DEVELOPMENT; STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IV COLLAGEN; CULTURES; FETAL; MICE; INVOLVEMENT AB The extracellular matrix (ECM) and specific ECM components can have a major influence on cell growth, development, and phenotype. The influence of the ECM and ECM components on adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro will be reviewed in this paper. Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm substratum and laminin per se markedly increased attachment, spreading, and hypertrophy of preadipocytes in serum-free primary cultures of porcine adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells. Furthermore, primary cultures of stromal-vascular cells showed that preadipocytes express ECM components after preadipocyte recruitment. Staining for plant lectins, type IV collagen, and laminin in fetal pig adipose tissue demonstrates that adipocyte reactivity for laminin was strong throughout fetal development and was similar for developing adipocytes and vasculature. However, lectin binding and type IV collagen reactivity of blood vessels preceded that for adipocytes. Therefore, these studies indicated that the ECM and in particular laminin may play a critical role in morphological aspects of preadipocyte development. Specific inhibitors and modulators of collagen synthesis have been used to evaluate the role of collagens in the differentiation of bovine intramuscular preadipocytes (BIP) and other preadipocyte cell lines. Triglyceride accretion of BIP cells was inhibited by a general inhibitor of collagen biosynthesis, whereas specific inhibitors or modulators of type IV collagen inhibited 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Further study revealed that compared with collagens types I to IV, type V and VI collagens have an important and active role in BIP adipogenesis. The growth of intramuscular bovine adipose tissue may be dependent on collagen newly synthesized and organized by the adipocytes per se. The role of extracellular or ECM proteolysis in regulating adipogenesis also will be reviewed in this paper. Many members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are expressed by adipocytes, and specific inhibition of MMP-9 greatly reduces adipogenesis in vitro. Possibly, MMP and other proteases regulate turnover of key adipocyte ECM proteins that are involved in the regulation of preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. C1 ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Gary.Hausman@ars.usda.gov FU American Society of Animal Science; Journal of Animal Science FX Based on a presentation at the Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium titled "Extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle development and meat quality," at the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10 to 14, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana, with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 942 EP 949 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4616 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 896ZN UT WOS:000300610500028 PM 21965449 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. TI Technical note: Validation of a model for online classification of US Select beef carcasses for longissimus tenderness using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; near-infrared; prediction; slice shear force; tenderness ID SHEAR FORCE; SYSTEM AB The present experiment was conducted to provide a validation of a previously developed model for online classification of US Select carcasses for LM tenderness based on visible and near-infrared (VISNIR) spectroscopy and to determine if the accuracy of VISNIR-based tenderness classification could be enhanced by making measurements after postmortem aging. Spectroscopy was conducted online, during carcass grading, at a large-scale commercial fed beef-processing facility, and the strip loin was obtained from the left side of US Select carcasses (n - 467). Slice shear force (SSF) was measured on fresh steaks at 2 and 14 d postmortem. Online VISNIR tenderness classes differed in mean SSF values at both 2 d (29.4 vs. 33.6 kg) and 14 d (18.0 vs. 21.2 kg) postmortem (P < 10(-7)). Online VISNIR tenderness classes differed in both the percentage of carcasses with LM SSF values greater than 40 kg at 2 d postmortem (5.1 vs. 21.0%; P < 10(-6)) and the percentage of carcasses with LM SSF values greater than 25 kg at 14 d postmortem (6.8 vs. 23.2%; P < 10(-5)). Whereas 15.0% of the carcasses sampled for this experiment had LM SSF values greater than 25 kg at 14 d postmortem, only 6.8% of the carcasses classified as tender by VISNIR had LM SSF values greater than 25 kg. All the carcasses sampled that had LM SSF values greater than 35 kg at 14 d postmortem were accurately classified as tough by VISNIR. Before measurement of SSF on d 14, VISNIR spectroscopy was conducted on the SSF steak. Tenderness classes based on d 14 VISNIR spectra differed both in mean SSF value at 14 d postmortem (17.7 vs. 21.6 kg; P < 10(-11)) and the percentage of carcasses with LM SSF values greater than 25 kg at 14 d postmortem (7.3 vs. 22.7%; P < 10(-5)). These data support our previous work showing that VISNIR spectroscopy can be used to classify US Select carcasses noninvasively for LM tenderness, and the results establish that this technology could also be applied to aged US Select strip loins. This technology would allow packing companies and other segments of the beef marketing chain to identify US Select carcasses or strip loins that excel in LM tenderness for use in branded beef programs. C1 [Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shackelford, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM steven.shackelford@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff (Denver, CO) FX This project was funded, in part, by The Beef Checkoff (Denver, CO). NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 973 EP 977 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4166 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 896ZN UT WOS:000300610500031 PM 22064741 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL King, DA Koohmaraie, M AF Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. King, D. A. Koohmaraie, M. TI Field testing of a system for online classification of beef carcasses for longissimus tenderness using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; near-infrared; prediction; slice shear force; tenderness ID SARCOMERE-LENGTH; SELECT BEEF; SHEAR FORCE AB The present experiments were conducted to field test a system optimized for online prediction of beef LM tenderness based on visible and near-infrared (VISNIR) spectroscopy and to develop and validate a model for prediction of tenderness that would be unbiased by normal variation in bloom time before application of VISNIR. For both Exp. 1 and 2, slice shear force (SSF) was measured on fresh (never frozen) steaks at 14 d postmortem. Carcasses with VISNIR-predicted SSF <= 15 kg were classified as VISNIR predicted tender and carcasses with VISNIR-predicted SSF >15 kg were classified as VISNIR not predicted tender. In Exp. 1, spectroscopy was conducted online, during carcass grading, at 3 large-scale commercial fed-beef processing facilities. Each carcass (n - 1,155) was evaluated immediately after ribbing and again when the carcass was graded. For model development and validation, carcasses were blocked by plant and observed SSF. One-half of the carcasses (n - 579) were assigned to a calibration data set, which was used to develop regression equations, and one-half of the carcasses (n - 576) were assigned to a prediction data set, which was used to validate the regression equations. Carcasses predicted tender by VISNIR spectroscopy had smaller (P < 10(-19)) mean LM SSF values at 14 d postmortem in the calibration (13.9 vs. 16.5 kg) and prediction (13.8 vs. 16.4 kg) data sets than did carcasses not predicted tender by VISNIR spectroscopy. Relative to carcasses not predicted tender by VISNIR, a decreased percentage of carcasses predicted tender by VISNIR had LM SSF > 25 kg in the calibration (2.0 vs. 7.8%) and prediction (0.8 vs. 8.0%) data sets. In Exp. 2, carcasses (n - 4,204) were evaluated with VISNIR online at 6 commercial fed-beef processing facilities on 38 production days. The carcasses predicted tender by VISNIR spectroscopy had decreased mean LM SSF values at 14 d postmortem (16.3 vs. 19.9 kg; P < 10(-87)), longer sarcomere lengths (1.77 vs. 1.72 mu m; P < 10(-10)), and a greater percentage of desmin degraded (42 vs. 34%; P < 10(-5)) by 14 d postmortem. Relative to carcasses not predicted tender by VISNIR, a decreased percentage of carcasses predicted tender by VISNIR had LM SSF > 25 kg (4.9 vs. 21.3%). The present experiments resulted in development and independent validation of a robust method to noninvasively predict LM tenderness of grain-fed beef carcasses. This technology could facilitate tenderness-based beef merchandising systems. C1 [Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; King, D. A.; Koohmaraie, M.] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shackelford, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM steven.shackelford@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff (Denver, CO) FX This project was funded, in part, by The Beef Checkoff (Denver, CO). NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 978 EP 988 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4167 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 896ZN UT WOS:000300610500032 PM 22064739 ER PT J AU Moore-Neibel, K Gerber, C Patel, J Friedman, M Ravishankar, S AF Moore-Neibel, K. Gerber, C. Patel, J. Friedman, M. Ravishankar, S. TI Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass oil against Salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abuse temperature; antimicrobial activity; exposure time; lemongrass oil; organic leafy greens; Salmonella enterica ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; FRESH PRODUCE; UNITED-STATES; LETTUCE; PATHOGENS; SURVIVAL; TYPHIMURIUM AB Aims: We investigated the antimicrobial effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil on organic leafy greens, romaine and iceberg lettuces and mature and baby spinach, inoculated with Salmonella Newport. The influences of exposure times and abuse temperatures on bacterial survival were also investigated. Methods and Results: Leaf samples were washed, inoculated with Salm. Newport (6-log CFU ml(-1)) and dried. Inoculated leaves were immersed in solutions containing 0 1, 0 3 or 0 5% lemongrass oil in phosphate-buffered saline for 1 or 2 min and then individually incubated at 4 or 8 degrees C. Samples were taken at day 0, 1 and 3 for the enumeration of survivors. Compared to the PBS control, romaine and iceberg lettuces, and mature and baby spinach samples showed between 0.6-1.5-log, 0.5-4 3-log, 0.5-2 5-log and 0.5-2.2-log CFU g(-1) reductions in Salm. Newport by day 3, respectively. Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of lemongrass oil against Salm. Newport was concentration and time dependent. The antimicrobial activity increased with exposure time; iceberg samples treated for 2 min generally showed greater reductions (P < 0 05) than those treated for 1 min (c.1-log reduction difference for 0 3 and 0 5% treatments). Few samples showed a difference between refrigeration and abuse temperatures. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates the potential of lemongrass oil solutions to inactivate Salm. Newport on organic leafy greens. C1 [Moore-Neibel, K.; Gerber, C.; Ravishankar, S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Patel, J.] ARS, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD USA. [Friedman, M.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU US Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Organic Research and Extension Initiative [2010-51300-21760] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Organic Research and Extension Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2010-51300-21760. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 112 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05222.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 888ZW UT WOS:000300044300008 PM 22188296 ER PT J AU Ingram, DT Callahan, MT Ferguson, S Hoover, DG Shelton, DR Millner, PD Camp, MJ Patel, JR Kniel, KE Sharma, M AF Ingram, D. T. Callahan, M. T. Ferguson, S. Hoover, D. G. Shelton, D. R. Millner, P. D. Camp, M. J. Patel, J. R. Kniel, K. E. Sharma, M. TI Use of zero-valent iron biosand filters to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H12 in irrigation water applied to spinach plants in a field setting SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; disinfection; E; coli (all potentially pathogenic types); food safety; water quality ID ZEROVALENT IRON; LETTUCE; NANOPARTICLES; O157H7; OUTBREAK; SOIL AB Aims: Zero-valent iron (ZVI) filters may provide an efficient method to mitigate the contamination of produce crops through irrigation water. Methods: A field-scale system was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of a biosand filter (S), a biosand filter with ZVI incorporated (ZVI) and a control (C, no treatment) in decontaminating irrigation water. An inoculum of c. 8.5 log CFU 100 ml(-1) of Escherichia coli O157:H12 was introduced to all three column treatments in 20-l doses. Filtered waters were subsequently overhead irrigated to 'Tyee' spinach plants. Water, spinach plant and soil samples were obtained on days 0, 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15 and analysed for E. coli O157:H12 populations. Results: ZVI filters inactivated c. 6 log CFU 100 ml(-1) E. coli O157:H12 during filtration on day 0, significantly (P < 0 05) more than S filter (0.49 CFU 100 ml(-1)) when compared to control on day 0 (8.3 log CFU 100 ml(-1)). On day 0, spinach plants irrigated with ZVI-filtered water had significantly lower E. coli O157 counts (0.13 log CFU g(-1)) than spinach irrigated with either S-filtered (4.37 log CFU g(-1)) or control (5.23 log CFU g(-1)) water. Soils irrigated with ZVI-filtered water contained E. coli O157:H12 populations below the detection limit (2 log CFU g(-1)), while those irrigated with S-filtered water (3.56 log CFU g(-1)) were significantly lower than those irrigated with control (4.64 log CFU g(-1)). Conclusions:ZVI biosand filters were more effective in reducing E. coli O157:H12 populations in irrigation water than sand filters. Significance and Impact of the Study:Zero-valent ion treatment may be a cost-effective mitigation step to help small farmers reduce risk of foodborne E. coli infections associated with contamination of leafy greens. C1 [Sharma, M.] ARS, EMFSL, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Area,Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hoover, D. G.; Kniel, K. E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE USA. [Camp, M. J.] Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Area, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), ARS, EMFSL, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Area,Res Ctr,USDA, Bldg 201 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov FU Center for Produce Safety; USDA-ARS FX This work was funded by the Center for Produce Safety, 'Mitigation of irrigation water using zero-valent iron treatment' and supported by the USDA-ARS Project Plan 'Microbial Ecology and Safety of Fresh on-Farm Organically Grown Produce'. We thank Cheryl Roberts for her technical support of this project. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 112 IS 3 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05217.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 888ZW UT WOS:000300044300014 PM 22151398 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Cooper, TA VanRaden, PM Olson, KM Tooker, ME AF Wiggans, G. R. Cooper, T. A. VanRaden, P. M. Olson, K. M. Tooker, M. E. TI Use of the Illumina Bovine3K BeadChip in dairy genomic evaluation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 3K; dairy cattle; genomic evaluation ID UNITED-STATES; SELECTION; GENOTYPES; MARKERS; BULLS AB Genomic evaluations using genotypes from the Illumina Bovine3K BeadChip (3K) became available in September 2010 and were made official in December 2010. The majority of 3K-genotyped animals have been Holstein females. Approximately 5% of male 3K genotypes and between 3.7 and 13.9%, depending on registry status, of female genotypes had sire conflicts. The chemistry used for the 3K is different from that of the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (50K) and causes greater variability in the accuracy of the genotypes. Approximately 2% of genotypes were rejected due to this inaccuracy. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was determined to be not usable for genomic evaluation based on percentage missing, percentage of parent-progeny conflicts, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium discrepancies. Those edits left 2;683 of the 2,900 3K SNP for use in genomic evaluations. The mean minor allele frequencies (MAF) for Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss were 0.32, 0.28, and 0.29, respectively. Eighty-one SNP had both a large number of missing genotypes. and a large number of parent-progeny conflicts; suggesting a correlation between call rate and accuracy. To calculate a genomic predicted transmitting ability (GPTA) the genotype of an animal tested on a 3K is imputed to the 45,187 SNP included in the current genomic evaluation based on the 50K. The accuracy of imputation increases as the number of genotyped parents increases from none to 1 to both. The average percentage of imputed genotypes that matched the corresponding actual 50K genotypes was 96.3%. The correlation of a GPTA calculated from a 3K genotype that had been imputed to 50K and GPTA from it actual 50K genotype averaged 0.959 across traits for Holsteins and was slightly higher for Jerseys at 0.963. The average difference in GPTA from the 50K- and 3K-based genotypes across trait was close to 0. The evaluation system has been modified to accommodate the characteristics of the 3K. The low cost of the 3K has greatly increased genotyping of females. Prior to the availability of the 3K (August 2010), female genotyping accounted for 38.7% of the genotyped animals. In the past year, the portion of total genotypes from females across all chip types rose to 59.0%. C1 [Wiggans, G. R.; Cooper, T. A.; VanRaden, P. M.; Tooker, M. E.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Olson, K. M.] Natl Assoc Anim Breeders, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Wiggans@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1552 EP 1558 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4985 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 895YB UT WOS:000300531500049 PM 22365235 ER PT J AU da Cruz, SH Dien, BS Nichols, NN Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF da Cruz, Sandra Helena Dien, Bruce S. Nichols, Nancy N. Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using response surface methodology improves digestibility and ethanol production by SSF SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane bagasse; Bioethanol; Pretreatment ID CORN STOVER; ACID PRETREATMENT; FERMENTATION; INHIBITORS; SWITCHGRASS AB Sugarcane bagasse was characterized as a feedstock for the production of ethanol using hydrothermal pretreatment. Reaction temperature and time were varied between 160 and 200A degrees C and 5-20 min, respectively, using a response surface experimental design. The liquid fraction was analyzed for soluble carbohydrates and furan aldehydes. The solid fraction was analyzed for structural carbohydrates and Klason lignin. Pretreatment conditions were evaluated based on enzymatic extraction of glucose and xylose and conversion to ethanol using a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation scheme. SSF experiments were conducted with the washed pretreated biomass. The severity of the pretreatment should be sufficient to drive enzymatic digestion and ethanol yields, however, sugars losses and especially sugar conversion into furans needs to be minimized. As expected, furfural production increased with pretreatment severity and specifically xylose release. However, provided that the severity was kept below a general severity factor of 4.0, production of furfural was below an inhibitory concentration and carbohydrate contents were preserved in the pretreated whole hydrolysate. There were significant interactions between time and temperature for all the responses except cellulose digestion. The models were highly predictive for cellulose digestibility (R (2) = 0.8861) and for ethanol production (R (2) = 0.9581), but less so for xylose extraction. Both cellulose digestion and ethanol production increased with severity, however, high levels of furfural generated under more severe pretreatment conditions favor lower severity pretreatments. The optimal pretreatment condition that gave the highest conversion yield of ethanol, while minimizing furfural production, was judged to be 190A degrees C and 17.2 min. The whole hydrolysate was also converted to ethanol using SSF. To reduce the concentration of inhibitors, the liquid fraction was conditioned prior to fermentation by removing inhibitory chemicals using the fungus Coniochaeta ligniaria. C1 [da Cruz, Sandra Helena] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Agri Food Ind Food & Nutr, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, BR-13418900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dien, Bruce S.; Nichols, Nancy N.; Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP da Cruz, SH (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Agri Food Ind Food & Nutr, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Av Padua Dias 11,POB 9, BR-13418900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM shcruz@usp.br RI da Cruz, Sandra/C-4089-2012; FAPESP, BIOEN/H-6149-2012; OI da Cruz, Sandra/0000-0001-6795-8350; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq). The authors thank Gregory Kennedy, Patricia O'Bryan, and Sarah Frazer for excellent technical help. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 39 IS 3 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s10295-011-1051-3 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 896RK UT WOS:000300587700007 PM 22080307 ER PT J AU Troen, AM Scott, TM D'Anci, KE Moorthy, D Dobson, B Rogers, G Weiner, DE Levey, AS Dallal, GE Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Troen, Aron M. Scott, Tammy M. D'Anci, Kristen E. Moorthy, Denish Dobson, Beverly Rogers, Gail Weiner, Daniel E. Levey, Andrew S. Dallal, Gerard E. Jacques, Paul F. Selhub, Jacob Rosenberg, Irwin H. CA FACT Study Investigators TI Cognitive Dysfunction and Depression in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients: Baseline Findings from the FAVORIT Ancillary Cognitive Trial (FACT) SO JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID STROKE PREVENTION TRIAL; CHRONIC RENAL-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; VITAMIN INTERVENTION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; EFFICACY ANALYSIS; SERUM CREATININE; OLDER-ADULTS; B-VITAMINS AB Objective: Hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency may be treatable risk factors for cognitive impairment and decline. Hyperhomocysteinemia, cognitive impairment, and depression are all common in individuals with kidney disease, including kidney transplant recipients. Accordingly, we assessed the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in transplant recipients and their association with kidney function, plasma total homocysteine, and B-vitamin concentrations. Setting: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction In Transplantation (FAVORIT) Ancillary Cognitive Trial (FACT), which included 183 participants in FAVORIT who underwent detailed neuropsychological assessment before the study intervention. Results: The mean age was 54.0 +/- 9.5 years (range: 7 to 386 months). Men comprised 55.2% of the cohort, and the mean time between the current transplant and cognitive testing was 7.0 +/- 5.8 years. Twenty-four percent of participants reported neurological or psychiatric complaints, and 30% exhibited symptoms of mild to severe depression. Testing revealed evidence of significant and selective deficits in this population: 33% performed more than 1 standard deviation (SD) below normed means on a memory test, 58% fell lower than 1 SD below the norms on a test of attention and mental processing speed, and 33% to 42% fell lower than 1 SD below the norms on several tests of executive function. Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and lower folate were associated with poorer performance on tests of memory and executive function. Conclusions: These observations confirm previous reports of mood and cognitive impairments in adult kidney transplant recipients. Further research is needed to determine the benefit of B-vitamin supplementation and other interventions in this patient population. (C) 2012 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Troen, Aron M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Nutr & Brain Hlth Lab, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Troen, Aron M.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Troen, Aron M.; Scott, Tammy M.; D'Anci, Kristen E.; Moorthy, Denish; Dobson, Beverly; Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Scott, Tammy M.] Tufts Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Rogers, Gail; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Weiner, Daniel E.; Levey, Andrew S.] Tufts Sch Med, Div Nephrol, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Dallal, Gerard E.] Tufts Univ, Biostat Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Troen, AM (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Nutr & Brain Hlth Lab, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, POB 12, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM troen@agri.huji.ac.il FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RO1 DK65114, UO1 DK61700]; Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401] FX This research was supported by grant RO1 DK65114 and Cooperative agreement UO1 DK61700 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, with additional financial support from the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, and by cooperative research agreement 58-1950-4-401 with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1051-2276 J9 J RENAL NUTR JI J. Renal Nutr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 268 EP U68 DI 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.07.009 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Urology & Nephrology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Urology & Nephrology GA 897CU UT WOS:000300620600009 PM 22153382 ER PT J AU Cilloniz, C Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Ni, C Carter, VS Korth, MJ Swayne, DE Tumpey, TM Katze, MG AF Cilloniz, Cristian Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Ni, Chester Carter, Victoria S. Korth, Marcus J. Swayne, David E. Tumpey, Terrence M. Katze, Michael G. TI Molecular Signatures Associated with Mx1-Mediated Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanisms of Survival SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE PROTECTS MICE; A VIRUS; NS1 PROTEIN; APOPTOSIS; MX; RNA; INTERFERON; PATHWAY; CELLS; INHIBITION AB Understanding the role of host factors during lethal influenza virus infection is critical to deciphering the events that determine the fate of the host. One such factor is encoded by the Mx1 gene, which confers resistance to influenza virus infection. Here, we compared pathology and global gene expression profiles in lung tissue from BALB/c (Mx1(-)) and BALB.A2G-Mx1 mice (Mx1(+/+)) infected with the fully reconstructed 1918 pandemic influenza virus. Mx1(+/+) mice showed less tissue damage than Mx(-) animals, and pathology and mortality were further reduced by treating the mice with interferon prior to infection. Using global transcriptional profiling, we identified distinct molecular signatures associated with partial protection, complete protection, and the contribution of interferon to the host response. In the absence of interferon treatment, partial protection was characterized by the generation of an acute response with the upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and cell migration. Complete protection was characterized by the downregulation of cytokine and chemokine genes previously associated with influenza virus pathogenesis. The contribution of interferon treatment to total protection in virus-infected Mx1(+/+) mice was characterized by the altered regulation of cell cycle genes. These genes were upregulated in Mx1(+/+) mice treated with interferon but downregulated in the absence of interferon treatment. Our results suggest that Mx1(+/+) mice generate a protective antiviral response by controlling the expression of key modulator molecules associated with influenza virus lethality. C1 [Cilloniz, Cristian; Carter, Victoria S.; Korth, Marcus J.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ni, Chester] Benaroya Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Katze, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu FU Public Health Service, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [P01AI058113] FX This study was funded in part by Public Health Service grant P01AI058113 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 5 BP 2437 EP 2446 DI 10.1128/JVI.06156-11 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 896AC UT WOS:000300536800005 PM 22190720 ER PT J AU Sicher, RC Barnaby, JY AF Sicher, Richard C. Barnaby, Jinyoung Y. TI Impact of carbon dioxide enrichment on the responses of maize leaf transcripts and metabolites to water stress SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DROUGHT STRESS; STOMATAL CLOSURE; CO2 ENRICHMENT; INDUCED GENES; ZEA-MAYS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; C-4; PLANTS AB Maize (Zea mays) was grown in indoor chambers with ambient (38 Pa) and elevated (70 Pa) CO2. Drought treatments were imposed 17 days after sowing by withholding nutrient solution. Decreases of soil water content, leaf water potential, net CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance as a result of drought were delayed approximately 2 days by CO2 enrichment. Concentrations of 28 of 33 leaf metabolites were altered by drought. Soluble carbohydrates, aconitate, shikimate, serine, glycine, proline and eight other amino acids increased, and leaf starch, malate, fumarate, 2-oxoglutarate and seven amino acids decreased with drought. Drought-dependent decreases of nitrate, alanine and aspartate were impacted by limiting nitrogen. Transcript levels of 14 stress-related maize genes responded to drought but this was delayed or modified by CO2 enrichment. Overall, CO2 enrichment eliminated many early responses of maize metabolites and transcripts to water stress but was less effective when drought was severe. Four metabolite groupings were identified by clustering analysis. These groupings included compounds that decreased with water stress, compounds involved in osmotic adjustment and aromatic compounds that alleviate oxidative stress. Metabolite changes also supported the suggestion that water stress inhibited C4 photosynthesis and induced photorespiration. C1 [Sicher, Richard C.; Barnaby, Jinyoung Y.] ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.Sicher@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 144 IS 3 BP 238 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01555.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895OB UT WOS:000300504600004 PM 22150442 ER PT J AU Goates, BJ AF Goates, Blair J. TI Identification of New Pathogenic Races of Common Bunt and Dwarf Bunt Fungi, and Evaluation of Known Races Using an Expanded Set of Differential Wheat Lines SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TILLETIA-TRITICI; RESISTANCE; LAEVIS; REGISTRATION; GENES AB Goates, B. J. 2012. Identification of new pathogenic races of common bunt and dwarf bunt fungi, and evaluation of known races using an expanded set of differential wheat lines. Plant Dis. 96:361-369. Pathogenic races of Tilletia caries and T foetida, which cause common bunt of wheat (Triticum aestivutn), and Tilletia contraversa, which causes dwarf bunt of wheat, have been identified previously by their reaction to 10 differential wheat lines, each containing single bunt resistance genes Br1 through Bt10. The reactions of races to the differential wheat lines follow the classic gene-for gene system for host-pathogen interactions. The pathogens are closely related and resistance to both diseases in wheat is controlled by the same genes. To better define pathogenic races, six additional wheat lines containing the genes Bt11 through Bt15 and a wheat line with a resistance factor designated as Btp were added to the set of 10 differentials and tested with all named U.S. races of common bunt and dwarf bunt. In addition, new isolates of dwarf bunt, and common bunt from hybrids and field collections, were tested with all 16 differentials for race identification. Six new races of T caries, five new races of T foetida, and two new races of T contraversa were identified. Races of common bunt virulent to Bt8 or Bt12, and dwarf bunt races virulent to the combinations of Bill and Bt12, and Bt8, Bt9, Bt10, Bill, and Bt12, were identified for the first time. Comparison of the reactions of the common bunt races with the Bt14 and Bt15 differentials grown in different environments after initial infection showed that these genes are temperature sensitive, indicating they should be excluded from the set of differential lines to avoid ambiguity in determining virulent or avirulent reactions. In the previous list of bunt races, there were races that had the same reaction to the set of 10 differentials but were designated as different races. These races were not differentiated further with the six additional differentials, indicating that the duplicate races should be dropped from the list of pathogenic races. The new races of common bunt and dwarf bunt identified have unique patterns of virulence that allow specific targeting and elucidation of bunt resistance genes in wheat and will aid the development of bunt-resistant wheat cultivars. C1 ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Goates, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM goatesfam@cableone.net NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-11-0339 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500006 ER PT J AU Yakabe, LE Parker, SR Kluepfel, DA AF Yakabe, L. E. Parker, S. R. Kluepfel, D. A. TI Cationic Surfactants: Potential Surface Disinfectants to Manage Agrobacterium tumefaciens Biovar 1 Contamination of Grafting Tools SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS; BIOCIDES; CROWN; CHRYSANTHEMUM; ANTISEPTICS; SANITIZERS; MECHANISMS AB Yakabe, L. E., Parker, S. R., and Kluepfel, D. A. 2012. Cationic surfactants: Potential surface disinfectants to manage Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 1 contamination of grafting tools. Plant Dis. 96:409-415. Nursery production of walnut seedlings is a 2-year process, during which crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, often develops at grafting wounds. In this study, the spread of crown gall via contaminated tools and the efficacy of several disinfectants against A. tumefaciens were demonstrated. The cationic surfactants benzalkonium chloride (BC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and Physan 20 eliminated 100% of the A. tumefaciens population in water suspensions treated at 7, 5, and 2 ppm, respectively. Sodium hypochlorite eliminated 100% of the A. tumefaciens population at 0.5 ppm. Sodium hypochlorite efficacy, however, was reduced by 64% in the presence of total solids (0.7 g/ml) which are commonly found in field situations. At similar concentrations of total solids, the efficacy of cationic surfactants decreased, on average, by only 13%. The minimum effective treatment needed to eliminate A. tumefaciens on infested scalpels was a 5-s exposure to BC or CTAB at 5,000 ppm (0.5%). Infested scalpels treated with BC or CTAB at less than 5,000 ppm caused gall formation in 14 +/- 7% of cuts made on Datura stramonium stems. This was significantly less than the tumor incidence (100%) in cuts made with inoculated blades not treated BC or CTAB. C1 [Yakabe, L. E.; Parker, S. R.; Kluepfel, D. A.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. EM Daniel.Kluepfel@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5306-22000-14-00D]; California Department of Food and Agriculture; Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board FX This work was supported, in part, by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 5306-22000-14-00D and the California Department of Food and Agriculture; Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board. We thank R. M. Davis for critical reading of this manuscript and L. Pearson for her administrative support. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0839 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500012 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB Eggers, JE Rondon, SI Sengoda, VG Munyaneza, JE AF Crosslin, J. M. Hamm, P. B. Eggers, J. E. Rondon, S. I. Sengoda, V. G. Munyaneza, J. E. TI First Report of Zebra Chip Disease and "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" on Potatoes in Oregon and Washington State SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID PCR C1 [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Eggers, J. E.; Rondon, S. I.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Sengoda, V. G.; Munyaneza, J. E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 452 EP 453 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500020 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Olsen, N Nolte, P AF Crosslin, J. M. Olsen, N. Nolte, P. TI First Report of Zebra Chip Disease and "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" on Potatoes in Idaho SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID PCR C1 [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Olsen, N.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. [Nolte, P.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500022 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Sengoda, VG Stegmark, R Arvidsson, AK Anderbrant, O Yuvaraj, JK Ramert, B Nissinen, A AF Munyaneza, J. E. Sengoda, V. G. Stegmark, R. Arvidsson, A. K. Anderbrant, O. Yuvaraj, J. K. Ramert, B. Nissinen, A. TI First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" Associated with Psyllid-Affected Carrots in Sweden SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID EUROPE C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Stegmark, R.; Arvidsson, A. K.] Findus Sverige AB, SE-26781 Bjuv, Sweden. [Anderbrant, O.; Yuvaraj, J. K.] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Ramert, B.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Nissinen, A.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Plant Prod Res, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RI Yuvaraj, Jothi Kumar/G-2269-2014 OI Yuvaraj, Jothi Kumar/0000-0002-5702-3751 NR 4 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500021 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Sengoda, VG Sundheim, L Meadow, R AF Munyaneza, J. E. Sengoda, V. G. Sundheim, L. Meadow, R. TI First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" Associated with Psyllid-Affected Carrots in Norway SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID EUROPE C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sundheim, L.; Meadow, R.] Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, NO-1432 As, Norway. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500023 ER PT J AU Park, JH Juzwik, J AF Park, J. -H. Juzwik, J. TI Fusarium Canker of Bitternut Hickory Caused by Fusarium solani in the North-Central and Northeastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Park, J. -H.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Juzwik, J.] US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 455 EP 455 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0766 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500027 ER PT J AU Gibson, DM Castrillo, LA Donzelli, BGG Milbrath, LR AF Gibson, D. M. Castrillo, L. A. Donzelli, B. Giuliano Garisto Milbrath, L. R. TI First Report of Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on the Invasive Exotic Weed, Vincetoxicum rossicum (Pale Swallow-Wort), in Western New York SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID ATHELIA-ROLFSII; DELPHINII C1 [Gibson, D. M.; Milbrath, L. R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Castrillo, L. A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Donzelli, B. Giuliano Garisto] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, 538 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 456 EP 457 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0692 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500030 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL AF Robertson, N. L. TI First Report of Apple mosaic virus in Alaska SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID PLANT MESSENGER-RNA; INTERNAL CONTROL C1 USDA ARS, Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 463 EP 463 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0707 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895GF UT WOS:000300483500047 ER PT J AU Fugate, KK Ferrareze, JP Bolton, MD Deckard, EL Campbell, LG AF Fugate, Karen Klotz Ferrareze, Jocleita Peruzzo Bolton, Melvin D. Deckard, Edward L. Campbell, Larry G. TI Postharvest jasmonic acid treatment of sugarbeet roots reduces rot due to Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium claviforme, and Phoma betae SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetz.; Jasmonate; Pleospora bjorlingii Byford; Storage rot ID METHYL JASMONATE; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; POSSIBLE MECHANISMS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CHINESE BAYBERRIES; STORAGE ROT; FRUIT; DECAY; BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHOGENS AB Although jasmonic acid (JA) and JA derivatives are known to activate plant defense mechanisms and provide protection against postharvest fungal diseases for several horticultural crops, JA's ability to protect sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L) roots against common causal organisms of storage rot is unknown. To determine the potential of JA to reduce rot due to three common sugarbeet storage pathogens, harvested roots were treated with JA concentrations of 0.01. 0.1, 1. 10, or 100 mu M, inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium claviforme, or Phoma betae, and evaluated for the severity of rot symptoms after incubation at 20 degrees C and 90% relative humidity. JA concentrations of 0.01-100 mu M significantly reduced rot due to all three pathogens. All concentrations of JA provided statistically equivalent control against B. cinerea and P. betae, and reduced the amount of rotted tissue due to these pathogens by an average of 51 and 71%, respectively. Against P. claviforme, JA concentrations of 0.01-10 mu M were equally effective and reduced rot by an average of 44%, while an increase in JA concentration to 100 mu M reduced rot by 65%. Against all three pathogens. JA treatment did not affect the incidence of infection, but reduced rot by reducing the progression of disease symptoms in root storage tissue. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fugate, Karen Klotz; Bolton, Melvin D.; Campbell, Larry G.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Ferrareze, Jocleita Peruzzo] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Vegetal, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Deckard, Edward L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Fugate, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM karen.fugate@ars.usda.gov OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 FU CNPq (Brazil); Beet Sugar Development Foundation; Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota; North Dakota FX The authors thank John Eide and Gary Nielson for technical assistance, CNPq (Brazil) for J.P.F.'s scholarship, and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation and the Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota and North Dakota for partial financial support. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.10.005 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 898PD UT WOS:000300753400001 ER PT J AU Liu, J Sui, Y Wisniewski, M Droby, S Tian, SP Norelli, J Hershkovitz, V AF Liu, Jia Sui, Yuan Wisniewski, Michael Droby, Samir Tian, Shiping Norelli, John Hershkovitz, Vera TI Effect of heat treatment on inhibition of Monilinia fructicola and induction of disease resistance in peach fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Defense response; Heat treatment; Monilinia fructicola; Peach fruit; ROS ID HOT-WATER TREATMENT; CONTROL POSTHARVEST DECAY; INTEGRATED CONTROL; PRUNUS-PERSICA; PLANT DEFENSE; APPLE FRUIT; BROWN-ROT; PROTEINS; STRESS; NECTARINES AB Heat treatment (wet and dry) of fruit has been demonstrated as an effective approach for managing postharvest decay. Both direct antimicrobial effects on pathogen propagules as well as induction of host defense mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in the observed reduction of decay. In the present study, the effect of heat treatment (HT, hot water treatment at 40 degrees C for 5 and 10 min) on Monilinia fructicola and/or peach brown rot was investigated. HT inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of M. fructicola in vitro. HT also triggered the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and a decrease in intracellular ATP in M. fructicola. Results of the studies on peach fruit showed that HT induced the expression of defense-related genes including chitinase (CHI), beta-1,3-glucanase (GNS) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), as well as increased the activity of these enzymes in peach fruit. The HT used in this study did not appear to impair fruit quality. Our results indicate that both the direct inhibition of M. fructicola and the elicitation of defense responses in fruit by HT contribute to the observed reduction of decay in peach fruit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Jia; Sui, Yuan; Wisniewski, Michael; Norelli, John] USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Liu, Jia; Tian, Shiping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Key Lab Photosynth & Environm Mol Physiol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Droby, Samir; Hershkovitz, Vera] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund [IS-4268-09]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [31030051] FX This research was partially supported by a grant (IS-4268-09) from the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund to S.D. and M.W., and a grant (31030051) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) to S.T. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.11.002 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 898PD UT WOS:000300753400008 ER PT J AU Lee, J Cheng, LL Rudell, DR Watkins, CB AF Lee, Jinwook Cheng, Lailiang Rudell, David R. Watkins, Christopher B. TI Antioxidant metabolism of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treated 'Empire' apples during controlled atmosphere storage SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apple; Malus x domestica; Reactive oxygen species; Enzymatic antioxidant system; Non-enzymatic antioxidant system; Partial least square regression analysis ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; CONFERENCE PEARS; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; HIGHER-PLANTS; QUALITY; AIR AB 'Empire' apples [Malus sylvestris (L) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] are susceptible to development of firm flesh browning during controlled atmosphere storage. The browning is thought to be a chilling injury and therefore fruit are typically stored at 2-3 degrees C to avoid fruit damage. However, flesh browning can be enhanced by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment at these warmer temperatures. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of 1-MCP on the antioxidant systems of 'Empire' apple fruit stored at 2 kPa O-2/2 kPa CO2 at either 0.5 degrees C or 3.3 degrees C for up to 40 weeks. Lightness (L*) and hue angle (h degrees) changes of the flesh tissues were correlated with development of flesh browning. Nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity was lower in 1-MCP treated fruit, but while changes in H2O2, MDA, ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbate, reduced and oxidized glutathione concentrations, and the activities of associated enzymes were affected by storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment, no consistent patterns of change were detected. Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that the activity of ascorbate peroxidase might be the candidate metabolite in flesh browning development at 3.3 degrees C, but overall, the results do not reveal a direct role of antioxidant metabolism during development of flesh browning in 'Empire' apples. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jinwook; Cheng, Lailiang; Watkins, Christopher B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lee, Jinwook; Rudell, David R.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Watkins, CB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cbw3@cornell.edu FU Federal Formula Funds [NE1036]; New York Apple Research and Development Program; AgroFresh, Inc.; Department of Horticulture FX The authors thank Jacqueline Nock and Jeanne Grace for their helpful assistance and Dr. Pengmin Li and Dr. Li-Song Chen for their technical support. This research was partly supported by Federal Formula Funds NE1036, the New York Apple Research and Development Program, and AgroFresh, Inc. Jinwook Lee was supported by a Department of Horticulture assistantship. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.11.003 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 898PD UT WOS:000300753400011 ER PT J AU Davinic, M Fultz, LM Acosta-Martinez, V Calderon, FJ Cox, SB Dowd, SE Allen, VG Zak, JC Moore-Kucera, J AF Davinic, Marko Fultz, Lisa M. Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Calderon, Francisco J. Cox, Stephen B. Dowd, Scot E. Allen, Vivien G. Zak, John C. Moore-Kucera, Jennifer TI Pyrosequencing and mid-infrared spectroscopy reveal distinct aggregate stratification of soil bacterial communities and organic matter composition SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pyrosequencing; Soil bacterial communities; Aggregate-size fractions; Mid-IR spectroscopy; UniFrac ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; GRASSLAND SOILS; FRACTIONS; DIVERSITY; CARBON; MICROENVIRONMENTS; RUBROBACTERIDAE AB This study integrated physical, chemical, and molecular techniques to assess relationships between soil bacterial community structures and the quantity and quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) at the soil microenvironment scale (e.g., within different aggregate size-fractions). To accomplish this goal, soil samples (0-5 cm) were collected from the Texas High Plains region under a variety of dryland and irrigated cropping systems. The soil was separated into macroaggregates, microaggregates, and silt + clay fractions that were analyzed for (1) bacterial diversity via pyrosequencing of the 16s rRNA gene and (2) SOC quantity and quality using a combustion method and mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (mid-IR), respectively. Results from pyrosequencing showed that each soil microenvironment supported a distinct bacterial community. Similarly, mid-IR data revealed distinct spectral features indicating that these fractions were also distinguished by organic and mineral composition. Macroaggregates showed relatively high abundance of Actinobacteria (excluding order Rubrobacteriales) and alpha-Proteobacteria and contained the most SOC. Microaggregates showed high relative abundance of Rubrobacteriales and the least amount of SOC. Predominance within the soil microenvironment and correlations along the mid-IR spectra were different between members of the order Rubrobacteriales compared with all other members of the Actinobacteria phyla, suggesting they have different ecological niches. Mid-IR results revealed microaggregates had greater absorbance in the 1370-1450 cm(-1) region for phenolic and alkyl groups (possibly recalcitrant C). Silt + clay fractions were distinguished by Gemmatimonadetes and OP10 phyla, which positively correlated with spectral absorption in the 1250-1150 cm(-1) range (indicating both degradable and recalcitrant C forms). In contrast to general diversity index measurements, distributions of the more rare bacterial phyla (phyla representing <6% of the identified population) were more important for differentiating between communities in soil microenvironments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate soil bacterial communities among soil aggregates using pyrosequenging and to associate these communities to specific soil C chemistries as indicated by mid-IR absorbance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davinic, Marko; Fultz, Lisa M.; Allen, Vivien G.; Moore-Kucera, Jennifer] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Calderon, Francisco J.] ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Cox, Stephen B.; Dowd, Scot E.] Mol Res MR DNA, Shallowater, TX 79363 USA. [Zak, John C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Moore-Kucera, J (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 15th St & Detroit Ave,Room 201,Box 42122, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM m.davinic@ttu.edu; lisa.fultz@ttu.edu; Veronica.Acosta-Martinez@ars.usda.gov; Francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov; Stephen.cox@researchandtesting.com; sdowd@mrdnalab.com; Vivien.allen@ttu.edu; john.zak@ttu.edu; Jennifer.moore-kucera@ttu.edu OI Fultz, Lisa/0000-0002-5128-7879 NR 52 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 8 U2 86 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.012 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 898LH UT WOS:000300743400009 ER PT J AU Faulkner, WB Hequet, EF Wanjura, J Boman, R AF Faulkner, William Brock Hequet, Eric F. Wanjura, John Boman, Randal TI Relationships of cotton fiber properties to ring-spun yarn quality on selected High Plains cottons SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Advanced Fiber Information System; cultivar; harvest; High Volume Instrument; partial least squares; principal component analysis ID JET FILLING INSERTION; HARVEST SYSTEMS; BREAKING ELONGATION; PART II; HAIRINESS; AIR; VELOCITY AB Cotton fiber properties play an important role in determining spinning performance but explain only a portion of the variability in final yarn quality parameters. This research investigates relationships between ring-spun yarn quality and fiber properties (measured using the High Volume Instrument (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS)) given additional information on harvest method and cultivar. Seventy-six samples of commercially grown cotton representing five cultivars from six locations across the Texas High Plains were collected over three years. Carded 14.5 tex (40 Ne) ring-spun yarns were produced and tested for various yarn quality characteristics. Principal component analysis and partial least squares regression were used to determine relationships between fiber and yarn properties. Neither harvest method nor cultivar explained a significant portion of yarn quality variability beyond that captured by HVI and AFIS results. Yarn work-to-break was highly correlated to fiber bundle elongation, which is not currently reported in official cotton classing reports. C1 [Faulkner, William Brock] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hequet, Eric F.] Texas Tech Univ, Fiber & Biopolymer Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hequet, Eric F.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wanjura, John] ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Boman, Randal] Oklahoma State Univ, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Altus, OK USA. RP Faulkner, WB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM faulkner@tamu.edu RI Hequet, Eric/A-9802-2008 FU Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers [FF-a-0809-02]; Cotton Incorporated; Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated; Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program FX This work was supported by the Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers Research Grant Program [Grant Number FF-a-0809-02], Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated, and the Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program, as well as an equipment donation from John Deere - Des Moines Works. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 82 IS 4 BP 400 EP 414 DI 10.1177/0040517511426613 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 895OZ UT WOS:000300507200008 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Toro-Ramos, T Sawaya, AL Roberts, SB Rondo, P AF Hoffman, Daniel J. Toro-Ramos, Tatiana Sawaya, Ana Lydia Roberts, Susan B. Rondo, Patricia TI Estimating total body fat using a skinfold prediction equation in Brazilian children SO ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthropometry; body composition; skinfolds; stunting; developing countries ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ANTHROPOMETRY; THICKNESS; FATNESS; WEIGHT; ADULTS; YOUNG; MASS; DXA AB Background: The double burden of obesity and underweight is increasing in developing countries and simple methods for the assessment of fat mass in children are needed. Aim: To develop and validate a new anthropometric predication equation for assessment of fat mass in children. Subjects and methods: Body composition was assessed in 145 children aged 9.8 +/- 1.3 (SD) years from Sao Paulo, Brazil using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and skinfold measurements. The study sample was divided into development and validation sub-sets to develop a new prediction equation for FM (PE). Results: Using multiple linear regression analyses, the best equation for predicting FM (R-2 - 0.77) included body weight, triceps skinfold, height, gender and age as independent variables. When cross-validated, the new PE was valid in this sample (R-2 = 0.80), while previously published equations were not. Conclusion: The PE was more valid for Brazilian children that existing equations, but further studies are needed to assess the validity of this PE in other populations. C1 [Hoffman, Daniel J.; Toro-Ramos, Tatiana] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Sawaya, Ana Lydia] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Endocrine Physiol, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rondo, Patricia] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, 26 Nichol Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM dhoffman@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Rondo, Patricia/E-1936-2015; Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 OI Rondo, Patricia/0000-0002-8308-6393; NR 24 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0301-4460 J9 ANN HUM BIOL JI Ann. Hum. Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 39 IS 2 BP 156 EP 160 DI 10.3109/03014460.2012.660989 PG 5 WC Anthropology; Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 891YP UT WOS:000300253300009 PM 22324842 ER PT J AU Ko, JH Ahuja, LR Saseendran, SA Green, TR Ma, LW Nielsen, DC Walthall, CL AF Ko, Jonghan Ahuja, Lajpat R. Saseendran, S. A. Green, Timothy R. Ma, Liwang Nielsen, David C. Walthall, Charles L. TI Climate change impacts on dryland cropping systems in the Central Great Plains, USA SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WINTER-WHEAT; ELEVATED CO2; HYBRID MODEL; CERES-WHEAT; RZWQM; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; MAIZE AB Agricultural systems models are essential tools to assess potential climate change (CC) impacts on crop production and help guide policy decisions. In this study, impacts of projected CC on dryland crop rotations of wheat-fallow (WF), wheat-corn-fallow (WCF), and wheat-corn-millet (WCM) in the U.S. Central Great Plains (Akron, Colorado) were simulated using the CERES V4.0 crop modules in RZWQM2. The CC scenarios for CO2, temperature and precipitation were based on a synthesis of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) projections for Colorado. The CC for years 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100 (CC projection years) were super-imposed on measured baseline climate data for 15-17 years collected during the long-term WF and WCF (1992-2008), and WCM (1994-2008) experiments at the location to provide inter-annual variability. For all the CC projection years, a decline in simulated wheat yield and an increase in actual transpiration were observed, but compared to the baseline these changes were not significant (p > 0.05) in all cases but one. However, corn and proso millet yields in all rotations and projection years declined significantly (p < 0.05), which resulted in decreased transpiration. Overall, the projected negative effects of rising temperatures on crop production dominated over any positive impacts of atmospheric CO2 increases in these dryland cropping systems. Simulated adaptation via changes in planting dates did not mitigate the yield losses of the crops significantly. However, the no-tillage maintained higher wheat yields than the conventional tillage in the WF rotation to year 2075. Possible effects of historical CO2 increases during the past century (from 300 to 380 ppm) on crop yields were also simulated using 96 years of measured climate data (1912-2008) at the location. On average the CO2 increase enhanced wheat yields by about 30%, and millet yields by about 17%, with no significant changes in corn yields. C1 [Nielsen, David C.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Walthall, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ko, Jonghan; Ahuja, Lajpat R.; Saseendran, S. A.; Green, Timothy R.; Ma, Liwang] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Laj.ahuja@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011; Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2012 VL 111 IS 2 BP 445 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0175-9 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892VU UT WOS:000300314500014 ER PT J AU Nelson, JC Oard, JH Groth, D Utomo, HS Jia, Y Liu, G Moldenhauer, KAK Correa-Victoria, FJ Fjellstrom, RG Scheffler, B Prado, GA AF Nelson, J. C. Oard, J. H. Groth, D. Utomo, H. S. Jia, Y. Liu, G. Moldenhauer, K. A. K. Correa-Victoria, F. J. Fjellstrom, R. G. Scheffler, B. Prado, G. A. TI Sheath-blight resistance QTLS in japonica rice germplasm SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Doubled haploid; Quantitative-trait locus; Sheath blight ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; INBRED LINES; CULTIVARS; YIELD; FUNGICIDE; SEVERITY; QUALITY; SILICON AB Sheath blight (SB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a serious disease of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) for which genetic resistance is in demand by breeders. With the goal of resistance (SBR)-QTL discovery in U. S. japonica breeding material, 197 doubled-haploid lines from a cross between MCR10277 (resistant) and Cocodrie (susceptible) were evaluated in field and greenhouse assays with U. S. and Colombian pathogen isolates and genotyped at 111 microsatellite marker loci. Four SBR QTLs from MCR10277 were identified, together accounting for 47% of field genetic variation. In all trials the strongest effect was provided by a chromosome-9 QTL, qsbr_9.1, but some QTLs differed for U. S. and Colombian R. solani isolates. SBR QTLs coincided with only two of several height or heading-time QTLs, suggesting that the relationship between these developmental traits and SBR is not simple. For the U. S. isolates, a microchamber greenhouse assay revealed the same QTLs as did field inoculation. C1 [Nelson, J. C.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Oard, J. H.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Groth, D.; Utomo, H. S.] Louisiana State Univ, Rice Res Stn, AgCtr, Rayne, LA 70578 USA. [Jia, Y.; Liu, G.; Fjellstrom, R. G.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Liu, G.; Moldenhauer, K. A. K.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Correa-Victoria, F. J.] RiceTec Inc, Alvin, TX 77573 USA. [Scheffler, B.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Prado, G. A.] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Cali 6713, Colombia. RP Nelson, JC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jcn@ksu.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative [2004-35317-14867] FX Support for this study was provided by U. S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative-Applied Plant Genomics Program grant 2004-35317-14867 entitled "RiceCAP: A coordinated research, education, and extension project for the application of genomic discoveries to improve rice in the United States." This is contribution 10-308-J from the Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2012 VL 184 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0475-1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 892ZO UT WOS:000300324700003 ER PT J AU RoyChowdhury, M Jia, YL Jackson, A Jia, MH Fjellstrom, R Cartwright, RD AF RoyChowdhury, Moytri Jia, Yulin Jackson, Aaron Jia, Melissa H. Fjellstrom, Robert Cartwright, Richard D. TI Analysis of rice blast resistance gene Pi-z in rice germplasm using pathogenicity assays and DNA markers SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE IB49; IB33; IE1k; Magnaporthe oryzae; Pi-z; SSR markers ID MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; CORE SUBSET; COLLECTION; VIRULENCE; SELECTION; ORYZAE AB The Pi-z gene in rice confers resistance to a wide range of races of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The objective of this study was to characterize Pi-z in 111 rice germplasm accessions using DNA markers and pathogenicity assays. The existence of Pi-z in rice germplasm was detected by using four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (RM527, AP4791, AP5659-1, AP5659-5) closely linked to Pi-z, and was verified using pathogenicity assays with an avirulent strain (IE1k) and two virulent races (IB33 and IB49). Among 111 germplasm accessions evaluated, 73 were found to contain the Pi-z gene using both SSR markers and pathogenicity assays. The remaining 38 germplasm accessions were found to be inconsistent in their responses to the blast races IB33, IEIk and IB49 with expected SSR marker alleles, suggesting the presence of unexpected SSR alleles and additional R gene(s). These characterized germplasm can be used for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding for improving blast resistance in rice. C1 [Jia, Yulin; Jackson, Aaron; Jia, Melissa H.; Fjellstrom, Robert] USDA ARS, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [RoyChowdhury, Moytri; Cartwright, Richard D.] Univ Arkansas, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), USDA ARS, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov FU DB NRRC FX The authors would like to thank Michael Lin and Lorie Bernhardt, Ellen McWhirter, and Dr. Kathy Yeater, USDA-SPA area statistician and other staff members of DB NRRC for their excellent technical assistance. This research was conducted at the DB NRRC partially supported by the Molecular Plant Pathology program of DB NRRC. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2012 VL 184 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0481-3 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 892ZO UT WOS:000300324700004 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Bhattarai, K Bushman, BS Larson, SR AF Robins, Joseph G. Bhattarai, Kishor Bushman, B. Shaun Larson, Steven R. TI Relationships among seed quality characteristics in a collection of western wheatgrass germplasms SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Emergence; Genetic diversity; Germination; Seed yield ID GERMINATION; POPULATION AB Although western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.)] is an important perennial grass species for agriculture and conservation management in central and western North America, its lack of adequate seed production and seedling vigor limits its effectiveness. To address the weaknesses a study was conducted to assess rhizome spread, seed production, seed weight, germination percentage, and emergence rate of seed produced from 48 western wheatgrass cultivars and germplasm accessions at a field site near Nephi, UT, USA during 2007 and 2008. The western wheatgrass cultivars had approximately two times higher seed production than the germplasm accessions during both 2007 and 2008 and also had higher seed weight in 2007 and emergence rate in 2008. The germplasm accessions had higher seed weight in 2008. For the remaining traits there were no differences among the different germplasm sources. Based on principle component analysis a subset of cultivars and germplasm accessions with high seed production and emergence rate were identified that could be used to produce improved cultivars and germplasms. There was little evidence of strong relationship between geographic, genetic, and phenotypic distances among the various lines examined. Additionally, based on genetic marker data, a subset of lines was grouped into three populations. Based on these results, selection among lines could occur to maximize agricultural performance regardless of site of origin, or within population selection could be practiced to meet conservation goals of minimizing hybridization among populations. C1 [Robins, Joseph G.; Bushman, B. Shaun; Larson, Steven R.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bhattarai, Kishor] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2012 VL 184 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0589-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 892ZO UT WOS:000300324700013 ER PT J AU Cheng, LL Nechols, JR Margolies, DC Campbell, JF Yang, PS Chen, CC Lu, CT AF Cheng, Ling Lan Nechols, James R. Margolies, David C. Campbell, James F. Yang, Ping Shih Chen, Chien Chung Lu, Chiu Tung TI Efficacy of the predator Mallada basalis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Tetranychus kanzawai and Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) at different predator:prey release ratios SO JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Augmentation; Natural enemy; Phytophagous mites; Predator-prey interactions ID SPIDER-MITE; APPARENT COMPETITION; RESISTANCE AB We compared population suppression of the phytophagous mites, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus cirri (McGregor), on papaya by second instar larvae of the green lacewing, Mallada basalis (Walker), at various predator:prey release ratios in the laboratory. Initially, we presented M. basalis with mixed age classes of each mite species separately at a density of approximately 30 mites per seedling. After 3 days, predator:prey ratios of 1:30, 1:15, and 1:10 resulted in reductions of T. kanzawai of 66.8%, 82.6%, and 83.3%, respectively, and reductions of P. cirri of 41.8%, 75.5%, and 77.2%, respectively. Predation on individual age classes was approximately equal in both species, reinforcing previous findings that this predator does not show a preference among age classes. We next presented M. basalis with mixed populations of the two mite species in which there were equal numbers of each species and the density was as in the single species tests. Total mite reduction with both mite species present was 48.5%, 71.9%, and 74.5% at ratios of 1:30, 1:15, and 1:10, respectively; T. kanzawai was reduced by 50.5%, 77.4%, and 79.5%, respectively, and P. cirri was reduced by 44.1%, 60.3%, and 63.2%, respectively. This study suggests that M. basalis has the potential for substantially suppressing populations of both T. kanzawai and P. cirri on papaya at a predator:prey ratio of 1:15 or greater. However, evaluation under realistic agricultural settings is needed before specific recommendations about predator release rates can be made. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Ling Lan; Chen, Chien Chung; Lu, Chiu Tung] Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Appl Zool Div, Taichung 413, Taiwan. [Cheng, Ling Lan; Nechols, James R.; Margolies, David C.; Campbell, James F.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Campbell, James F.] USDA ARS CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Yang, Ping Shih] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Cheng, LL (reprint author), Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Appl Zool Div, 189 Zhongzheng Rd, Taichung 413, Taiwan. EM lcheng@tari.gov.tw FU National Science Council [98-2313-B-055-004-MY2]; Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.) FX We are grateful to P. I. Nelson for assistance in statistical analyses and to S. L. Liu and G. Y. Liu for maintaining the arthropods and plants in the laboratory. We also thank R. J. Whitworth and two anonymous reviewers for critically reviewing the manuscript. Voucher specimens (No. 2008-1-1) were deposited in the Insect and Mite Museum, Division of Applied Zoology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. This study was supported by research grants from the National Science Council (grant 98-2313-B-055-004-MY2) and the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.). This is Contribution No. 10-347-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by Kansas State University, National Taiwan University, or Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, DIVISION ENTOMOLOGY, RDA, 249 SEODUN-DONG, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8615 J9 J ASIA-PAC ENTOMOL JI J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.aspen.2011.09.008 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 892CR UT WOS:000300264800023 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Mu, X Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, J. W. Mu, X. Klesius, P. H. TI Expression profiles of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptides in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial peptide; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; transcription ID BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; CC CHEMOKINES; HEPCIDIN GENE; WIDE-RANGE; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; RESISTANCE; IMMERSION; TISSUES AB Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), the relative transcriptional levels of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 2, NK-lysin type 3, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, cathepsin D, hepcidin and liver-expressed AMP 2) in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection were determined. None of the AMP genes tested was significantly upregulated at 2 h post-infection. Hepcidin was the only one that was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated at 4, 6 and 12 h post-infection. At 24 and 48 h post-infection, four AMPs (hepcidin, NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 3 and cathepsin D) were significantly (P <0.05) upregulated. Among all the AMPs that were significantly upregulated at different time points, hepcidin at 4, 6 and 12 h post-infection was upregulated the most. When catfish were injected with different doses of E.ictaluri, all lethal doses were able to induce significant (P <0.05) upregulation of hepcidin in the posterior kidney, whereas sublethal doses failed to induce any significant upregulation of hepcidin. In vitro growth studies revealed that the presence of synthetic hepcidin peptide at a concentration of 16 mu m or higher significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of E.ictaluri. Taken together, our results suggest that hepcidin might play an important role in the channel catfish defence against E.ictaluri infection. C1 [Pridgeon, J. W.; Mu, X.; Klesius, P. H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs De-Hai Xu (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Dr Hung-Yueh Yeh (USDA-ARS) for obtaining the synthetic peptide used in this study. We thank Beth Peterman and Stacey LaFrentz (USDA-ARS) for their excellent technical support. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project # 6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01343.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 894LN UT WOS:000300428300006 PM 22324346 ER PT J AU Scalley, TH Scatena, FN Moya, S Lugo, AE AF Scalley, T. Heartsill Scatena, F. N. Moya, S. Lugo, A. E. TI Long-term dynamics of organic matter and elements exported as coarse particulates from two Caribbean montane watersheds SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allochthonous; coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM); elements; export; leaves; litterfall; nutrients; Puerto Rico; streams ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; SUBTROPICAL WET FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; HURRICANE HUGO; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; HEADWATER STREAM; LITTER DYNAMICS; LEAF-LITTER; CARBON; SHRIMP AB In heterotrophic streams the retention and export of coarse particulate organic matter and associated elements are fundamental biogeochemical processes that influence water quality, food webs and the structural complexity of forested headwater streams. Nevertheless, few studies have documented the quantity and quality of exported organic matter over multiple years and under a range of conditions that includes both droughts and hurricanes. This study quantifies the export of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM, > 12.7 mm), over 18 y in two headwater streams in north-east Puerto Rico. Daily exports ranged from 0 to over 170 g ha(-1) d(-1) and averaged 7.39 g ha(-1) d(-1), with similar amounts coming from leaves (3.5 g ha(-1) d(-1)) and wood (3.2 g ha(-1) d(-1)). Export of coarse particulate organic carbon was 3.0 g ha(-1) d(-1) which constitutes only 1.32% of carbon exports. Most litter falling into the streams was processed in place as only 2.3% of the leaf litter falling directly into these perennial channels was exported as CPOM. On average, 6 wk y(-1) had no exports while events transporting more than 10 g ha(-1) d(-1) occurred every 2.8 mo. Instead of a single annual pulse as observed in deciduous systems, there were annual peaks in CPOM exports during May and September and less export during the drier period from December to February. Ratios of C:N in the exported material were highest in the driest month and lowest during rainy months, while leaf fluxes for nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were highest in rainy months and lowest during February. Although median daily exports and exports during low-and base-flow periods were similar before and after Hugo, after 16 y exports during moderate- and high-flow periods were still less than those in the 2 y prior to the hurricane. Our observations indicate a system with high rates of internal processing that quickly returns to median daily conditions following hurricanes but requires several decades for storm-flow exports to return to pre-disturbance conditions and indicates that the long-term pattern of CPOM export is associated with the level of maturity of watershed vegetation. C1 [Scalley, T. Heartsill; Scatena, F. N.; Moya, S.; Lugo, A. E.] USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Scatena, F. N.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Scalley, TH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM theartsill@fs.fed.us OI Heartsill Scalley, Tamara/0000-0003-0550-4147 FU USDA Forest Service [DEB-0218039] FX This research is part of the USDA Forest Service contributions to the National Science Foundation, Long-Term Ecological Research Program at the Luquillo Experimental Forest (Grant DEB-0218039 to the Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service). This work was done in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico. THS and FNS co-developed the idea for the manuscript, co-refined the intellectual content and scope, and prepared the final version of the manuscript. THS and SM double-checked the long-term data records. FNS and AEL initiated the project, and along with SM guaranteed the long-term consistency of field and laboratory data acquisition and edited all drafts. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. M. Salgado Herrera assisted with field data collection. We thank O. Abelleira, S. A. Sloan, P. L. Weaver, T. Lopez Marrero, G. Gonzalez, M. R. Whiles and J. Ortiz Zayas for the review of earlier drafts. The thoughtful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1017/S0266467411000733 PN 2 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 892AB UT WOS:000300257300001 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Fedy, BC Oyler-McCance, SJ Garey, AL Emel, SL Mumma, M Wagner, HH Fortin, MJ Cushman, SA AF Landguth, Erin L. Fedy, Bradley C. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Garey, Andrew L. Emel, Sarah L. Mumma, Matthew Wagner, Helene H. Fortin, Marie-Josee Cushman, Samuel A. TI Effects of sample size, number of markers, and allelic richness on the detection of spatial genetic pattern SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE causal modelling; cdpop; isolation-by-barrier; isolation-by-distance; isolation-by-landscape resistance; partial Mantel test; sampling; simulation modelling ID ROE DEER POPULATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MANTEL TEST; FLOW; RESISTANCE; REGRESSION; INFERENCE; SURFACES; TIME AB The influence of study design on the ability to detect the effects of landscape pattern on gene flow is one of the most pressing methodological gaps in landscape genetic research. To investigate the effect of study design on landscape genetics inference, we used a spatially-explicit, individual-based program to simulate gene flow in a spatially continuous population inhabiting a landscape with gradual spatial changes in resistance to movement. We simulated a wide range of combinations of number of loci, number of alleles per locus and number of individuals sampled from the population. We assessed how these three aspects of study design influenced the statistical power to successfully identify the generating process among competing hypotheses of isolation-by-distance, isolation-by-barrier, and isolation-by-landscape resistance using a causal modelling approach with partial Mantel tests. We modelled the statistical power to identify the generating process as a response surface for equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions after introduction of isolation-by-landscape resistance. All three variables (loci, alleles and sampled individuals) affect the power of causal modelling, but to different degrees. Stronger partial Mantel r correlations between landscape distances and genetic distances were found when more loci were used and when loci were more variable, which makes comparisons of effect size between studies difficult. Number of individuals did not affect the accuracy through mean equilibrium partial Mantel r, but larger samples decreased the uncertainty (increasing the precision) of equilibrium partial Mantel r estimates. We conclude that amplifying more (and more variable) loci is likely to increase the power of landscape genetic inferences more than increasing number of individuals. C1 [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.; Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Garey, Andrew L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, VCU Rice Ctr, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Emel, Sarah L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mumma, Matthew] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wagner, Helene H.; Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Cushman, Samuel A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu RI Wagner, Helene/E-6090-2011; OI Wagner, Helene/0000-0001-6261-5922; Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU National Science Foundation [EF-0553768, DGE-0504628]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Forest Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work resulted from a Distributed Graduate Seminar (Developing Best Practices for Testing Landscape Effects on Gene Flow), conducted through the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a centre funded by the National Science Foundation grant #EF-0553768, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. E. L. L. was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the National Science Foundation grant #DGE-0504628. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank L. Waits and M. Murphy for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03077.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 887MA UT WOS:000299930300010 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Cushman, SA Johnson, NA AF Landguth, E. L. Cushman, S. A. Johnson, N. A. TI Simulating natural selection in landscape genetics SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; fitness surfaces; individual-based; isolation-by-distance; landscape resistance; population genetics; spatially-explicit ID MOSAIC HYBRID ZONE; HALDANES RULE; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; PERSPECTIVE; ADAPTATION; SPECIATION; DOMINANCE; RATES AB Linking landscape effects to key evolutionary processes through individual organism movement and natural selection is essential to provide a foundation for evolutionary landscape genetics. Of particular importance is determining how spatially-explicit, individual-based models differ from classic population genetics and evolutionary ecology models based on ideal panmictic populations in an allopatric setting in their predictions of population structure and frequency of fixation of adaptive alleles. We explore initial applications of a spatially-explicit, individual-based evolutionary landscape genetics program that incorporates all factors mutation, gene flow, genetic drift and selection that affect the frequency of an allele in a population. We incorporate natural selection by imposing differential survival rates defined by local relative fitness values on a landscape. Selection coefficients thus can vary not only for genotypes, but also in space as functions of local environmental variability. This simulator enables coupling of gene flow (governed by resistance surfaces), with natural selection (governed by selection surfaces). We validate the individual-based simulations under Wright-Fisher assumptions. We show that under isolation-by-distance processes, there are deviations in the rate of change and equilibrium values of allele frequency. The program provides a valuable tool (cdpop v1.0; ) for the study of evolutionary landscape genetics that allows explicit evaluation of the interactions between gene flow and selection in complex landscapes. C1 [Landguth, E. L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cushman, S. A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Johnson, N. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Johnson, N. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03075.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 887MA UT WOS:000299930300019 PM 21951716 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Looker, AC Tosteson, ANA Johansson, H Kanis, JA Melton, LJ AF Dawson-Hughes, B. Looker, A. C. Tosteson, A. N. A. Johansson, H. Kanis, J. A. Melton, L. J., III TI The potential impact of the National Osteoporosis Foundation guidance on treatment eligibility in the USA: an update in NHANES 2005-2008 SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bone mineral density; Dawson-Hughes, B.; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician's Guide; Osteoporosis ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GUIDELINES; WOMEN; OLDER; PROPORTION; MEN; HIP AB This analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008 data describes the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis and the proportions of men and postmenopausal women age 50 years and older who are candidates for treatment to lower fracture risk, according to the new Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)-based National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician's Guide. It is important to update estimates of the proportions of the older US population considered eligible for pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis for purposes of understanding the health care burden of this disease. This is a cross-sectional study of the NHANES 2005-2008 data in 3,608 men and women aged 50 years and older. Variables in the analysis included race/ethnicity, age, lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density, risk factor profiles, and FRAX 10-year fracture probabilities. The prevalence of osteoporosis of the femoral neck ranged from 6.0% in non-Hispanic black to 12.6% in Mexican American women. Spinal osteoporosis was more prevalent among Mexican American women (24.4%) than among either non-Hispanic blacks (5.3%) or non-Hispanic whites (10.9%). Treatment eligibility was similar in Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women (32.0% and 32.8%) and higher than it was in non-Hispanic black women (11.0%). Treatment eligibility among men was 21.1% in non-Hispanic whites, 12.6% in Mexican Americans, and 3.0% in non-Hispanic blacks. Nineteen percent of older men and 30% of older women in the USA are at sufficient risk for fracture to warrant consideration for pharmacotherapy. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Looker, A. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Tosteson, A. N. A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Multidisciplinary Clin Res Ctr Musculoskeletal Di, Lebanon, NH USA. [Tosteson, A. N. A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dartmouth Inst Hlth Policy & Clin Practice, Lebanon, NH USA. [Johansson, H.; Kanis, J. A.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Melton, L. J., III] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Epidemiol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Bess.Dawson-Hughes@Tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 3 BP 811 EP 820 DI 10.1007/s00198-011-1694-y PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 891XW UT WOS:000300251200002 PM 21717247 ER PT J AU Aslibekyan, S Kabagambe, EK Irvin, MR Straka, RJ Borecki, IB Tiwari, HK Tsai, MY Hopkins, PN Shen, J Lai, CQ Ordovas, JM Arnett, DK AF Aslibekyan, Stella Kabagambe, Edmond K. Irvin, Marguerite R. Straka, Robert J. Borecki, Ingrid B. Tiwari, Hemant K. Tsai, Michael Y. Hopkins, Paul N. Shen, Jian Lai, Chao-Qiang Ordovas, Jose M. Arnett, Donna K. TI A genome-wide association study of inflammatory biomarker changes in response to fenofibrate treatment in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drug and Diet Network SO PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE fenofibrate; genome-wide association study; inflammation ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; INFLUENZA VACCINE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; DISEASE; POLYMORPHISMS; GOLDN; MECHANISMS; MUTATIONS; PATTERNS; RECEPTOR AB Objective Despite the evidence in support of the anti-inflammatory and triglyceride-lowering effects of fenofibrate, little is known about genetic determinants of the observed heterogeneity in treatment response. This study provides the first genome-wide examination of fenofibrate effects on systemic inflammation. Methods Biomarkers of inflammation were measured in participants of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (n = 1092) before and after a 3-week daily treatment with 160 mg of fenofibrate. Two inflammatory patterns [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-tumor necrosis factor (MCP1-TNF-alpha)] were derived using principal component analysis. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms on the Affymetrix 6.0 chip and phenotypes were assessed using mixed linear models, adjusted for age, sex, study center, and ancestry as fixed effects and pedigree as a random effect. Results Before fenofibrate treatment, the strongest evidence for association was observed for polymorphisms near or within the IL2RA gene with the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-interleukin-6 (IL6) pattern (rs7911500, P=5 x 10(-9) and rs12722605, P=5 x 10(-8)). Associations of the MCP1-TNF-alpha pattern with loci in several biologically plausible genes [CYP4F8 (rs3764563), APBB1IP (rs1775246), COL13A1 (rs2683572), and COMMD10 (rs1396485)] approached genome-wide significance (P=3 x 10(-7), 5 x 10(-7), 6 x 10(-7), and 7 x 10(-7), respectively) before fenofibrate treatment. After fenofibrate treatment, the rs12722605 locus in IL2RA was also associated with the MCP1-TNF-alpha pattern (P=3 x 10(-7)). The analyses of individual biomarker response to fenofibrate did not yield genome-wide significant results, but the rs6517147 locus near the immunologically relevant IFNAR2 gene was suggestively associated with IL6 (P=7 x 10(-7)). Conclusion We have identified several novel biologically relevant loci associated with systemic inflammation before and after fenofibrate treatment. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 22: 191-197 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Aslibekyan, Stella; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Irvin, Marguerite R.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tiwari, Hemant K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Expt & Clin Pharmacol Dept, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Lab Med & Pathol, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ St Louis, Div Stat Genom, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO USA. [Hopkins, Paul N.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Epidemiol Atherothrombosis & Imaging, Madrid, Spain. [Shen, Jian; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados IMDEA Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. RP Aslibekyan, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, RPHB 230P, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM saslibek@uab.edu OI Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01HL072524-04] FX This work has been funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant U01HL072524-04. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1744-6872 J9 PHARMACOGENET GENOM JI Pharmacogenet. Genomics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834fdd41 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 894EM UT WOS:000300409800004 PM 22228203 ER PT J AU Halgren, A Banowetz, GM AF Halgren, Anne Banowetz, Gary M. TI Life cycle expression analysis of three cell wall degradation-related genes in ethylene-treated grass SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Cell wall; Darnel ryegrass; Ethylene; Lolium temulentum; RT-qPCR ID QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR; LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM; LEAF SENESCENCE; PHASE-CHANGE; STRESS; PURIFICATION; GLUCOSIDASE; PERENNE; LINES AB Ethylene regulates multiple developmental processes during a plant life cycle, but the effect of ethylene on the upregulation of senescence-, stress-, and post-harvest-related genes in forage grasses is poorly understood. In this work, we used quantitative PCR to determine whether ethylene application affected the expression of selected cell-wall degradation related genes that are typically upregulated post-harvest. The expression levels of beta-d-glucan exohydrolase isoenzyme, alpha glucosidase, and arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase isoenzyme, all putative cell wall degrading enzymes, were quantified at six points in the life cycle of the model grass species Darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum L.). We also quantified the expression of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase in response to ethylene application to determine if endogenous upregulation of ethylene biosynthesis occurred. Grass developmental stage had a significant impact on gene expression response to ethylene-treatment, indicating that discrete life cycle stages present different ethylene-responsive windows for treatment. Under our experimental conditions, ACC oxidase and ACC synthase expression were downregulated in response to ethylene-treatment, suggesting that exogenous ethylene served an auto-inhibitory role. Transcripts corresponding to the three cell wall degradation related genes increased significantly in response to ethylene treatment, suggesting that ethylene may have future utility in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a life cycle analysis of ethylene-induced genes in forage grasses. C1 [Halgren, Anne; Banowetz, Gary M.] ARS, USDA, NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Halgren, Anne] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NFSPRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Gary.Banowetz@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10725-011-9641-7 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 892VM UT WOS:000300313700008 ER PT J AU Qin, HD Feng, SP Chen, C Guo, YF Knapp, S Culbreath, A He, GH Wang, ML Zhang, XY Holbrook, CC Ozias-Akins, P Guo, BZ AF Qin, Hongde Feng, Suping Chen, Charles Guo, Yufang Knapp, Steven Culbreath, Albert He, Guohao Wang, Ming Li Zhang, Xinyou Holbrook, C. Corley Ozias-Akins, Peggy Guo, Baozhu TI An integrated genetic linkage map of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) constructed from two RIL populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NEMATODE RESISTANCE; A-HYPOGAEA; GENOME; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; GOSSYPIUM; FABACEAE; SSR; RECOMBINATION; TRANSMISSION AB Construction and improvement of a genetic map for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) continues to be an important task in order to facilitate quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and the development of tools for marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to develop a comparative integrated map from two cultivated x cultivated recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations and to apply in mapping Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance trait in peanut. A total of 4,576 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from three sources: published SSR markers, newly developed SSR markers from expressed sequence tags (EST) and from bacterial artificial chromosome end-sequences were used for screening polymorphisms. Two cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were also included to differentiate ahFAD2A alleles and ahFAD2B alleles. A total of 324 markers were anchored on this integrated map covering 1,352.1 cM with 21 linkage groups (LGs). Combining information from duplicated loci between LGs and comparing with published diploid maps, seven homoeologous groups were defined and 17 LGs (A1-A10, B1-B4, B7, B8, and B9) were aligned to corresponding A-subgenome or B-subgenome of diploid progenitors. One reciprocal translocation was confirmed in the tetraploid-cultivated peanut genome. Several chromosomal rearrangements were observed by comparing with published cultivated peanut maps. High consistence with cultivated peanut maps derived from different populations may support this integrated map as a reliable reference map for peanut whole genome sequencing assembling. Further two major QTLs for TSWV resistance were identified for each RILs, which illustrated the application of this map. C1 [Guo, Baozhu] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. [Qin, Hongde; Feng, Suping; Culbreath, Albert] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Qin, Hongde] Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Cash Crop Res Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Feng, Suping] Qiongzhou Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnolgy, Sanya, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Chen, Charles] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA USA. [Guo, Yufang; Knapp, Steven] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [He, Guohao] Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Wang, Ming Li] ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, USDA, Griffin, GA USA. [Zhang, Xinyou] Henan Acad Agr Sci, Peanut Res Unit, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. [Holbrook, C. Corley] ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. [Ozias-Akins, Peggy] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. EM Baozhu.Guo@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts; Peanut Foundation; National Peanut Board FX We thank Billy Wilson, Jake Fountain, Stephanie Lee, Lucero Gutierrez and Sara Beth Pelham for technical assistance in the field and the laboratory, and Dr. Douglas Cook of UC-Davis for providing BAC end-sequence SSRs. Dr. Tingbo Jiang's assistance and advice in the early stage of the genotyping and Dr. Ye Chu's help with the FAD genes was much appreciated. This research was partially supported by funds provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts, Peanut Foundation and National Peanut Board. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 4 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1737-y PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 891VP UT WOS:000300245100004 PM 22072100 ER PT J AU Duan, JJ Bauer, LS Hansen, JA Abell, KJ Van Driesche, R AF Duan, Jian J. Bauer, Leah S. Hansen, Jason A. Abell, Kristopher J. Van Driesche, Roy TI An improved method for monitoring parasitism and establishment of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid introduced for biological control of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Invasive; Exotic; Forest insect pests; Wood borers; Parasitoid sampling; Monitoring; Field detection ID NATURAL ENEMIES; PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; CHINA; POPULATIONS; EULOPHIDAE; SPREAD AB Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a solitary egg parasitoid that has been released in the United States since 2007 for biocontrol of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Field and laboratory trials with ash logs infested with EAB eggs were conducted in Michigan between 2009 and 2010 to improve methods for monitoring the establishment of O. agrili. Naturally occurring EAB eggs were collected in both parasitoid-release and control (non-parasitoid-release) plots to compare with the EAB egg-sentinel log (ESL) technique. In three parasitoid-release plots, >50% of ESLs had O. agrili-parasitized eggs ranging from 3.9% to 48.2% egg parasitism after one week of field exposure. No EAB eggs were attacked by O. agrili on the ESLs deployed in control plots. In the laboratory, 100% of ESLs exposed to O. agrili inside rearing jars for one week had parasitized-eggs (68.5% egg parasitism). Deployment of ESLs detected low levels of parasitism by O. agrili in all three ash stands where O. agrili was released in previous years. In contrast, collection of naturally occurring EAB eggs detected the parasitism in only one of these three parasitoid-release ash stands. No parasitism was detected in control ash stands with either method. These findings indicate that populations of O. agrili released in previous years had successfully overwintered and established in the released ash stands by 2010, but had not yet dispersed to the control stands. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Duan, Jian J.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.; Hansen, Jason A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Abell, Kristopher J.; Van Driesche, Roy] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Duan, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM jian.duan@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.11.007 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 886ZW UT WOS:000299895700004 ER PT J AU Francis, AW Kairo, MTK Roda, AL Liburd, OE Polar, P AF Francis, Antonio W. Kairo, Moses T. K. Roda, Amy L. Liburd, Oscar E. Polar, Perry TI The passionvine mealybug, Planococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and its natural enemies in the cocoa agroecosystem in Trinidad SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Planococcus minor; Biological control; Parasitoids; Parasitism; Hyperparasitoids; Predators ID HOMOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION AB Planococcus minor (Maskell) is native to South Asia, but it is also present in several Neotropical locations including the island of Trinidad in the southern Caribbean. The mealybug poses a serious threat to uninfested countries in this region as well as the mainland U. S. As part of an effort to gather much needed information on P. minor, 33 cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) field sites on the island were surveyed in 2006 with a view to assess the occurrence and pest status of the mealybug. P. minor was identified from 20 field sites, indicating that it was well distributed across the island on this crop, which appeared to be a reliable indicator host plant. Infestation levels were generally low and populations were sparsely distributed across the field sites categorized into three habitat types. The following year, nine field sites were surveyed for natural enemies of P. minor using laboratory-infested potatoes in sentinel traps. Species from four insect orders and six families were collected and identified. The major predators belonged to the families Cecidomyiidae and Coccinellidae. Two primary parasitoids, Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Encyrtidae) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Girault) (=Pauridia peregrina Timberlake, =Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Timberlake)) (Encyrtidae), were reared from different mealybug stages, along with several hyperparasitoids. The primary parasitoids were probably introduced fortuitously. These diverse natural enemies were recovered throughout the sampling period from the different habitat types. The identification of key natural enemies associated with P. minor has important implications for the implementation of biological control in newly infested areas. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Francis, Antonio W.; Kairo, Moses T. K.] Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32304 USA. [Roda, Amy L.] USDA APHIS PPQ Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Liburd, Oscar E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Polar, Perry] Univ W Indies, Caribbean Network Land & Urban Management, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP Francis, AW (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32304 USA. EM antoniowfrancis@gmail.com FU USDA APHIS; FAMU CESTA Center for Biological Control FX We gratefully acknowledge USDA APHIS and FAMU CESTA Center for Biological Control for providing financial support for this offshore work. We also acknowledge Lance Osborne, Raymond Hix, and Tim Momol for providing comments on earlier drafts. We thank Cynthra Persad, Petal Ram, Lilory McComie and staff at the Central Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Centeno, and Elizabeth Johnson and staff at CABI Caribbean and Latin America, Curepe, Trinidad for assistance in providing research facilities, personnel and space, and facilitating insectary setup and other essential services. We thank D. Miller and A. Rung (Pseudococcidae), N. Vandenberg (Coccinellidae), T. Henry (Anthocoridae), R. Gagne (Cecidomyiidae), C. Thompson (Syrphidae) and G. Evans (Encyrtidae and Signiphoridae) at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, and also G. Hodges (Pseudococcidae) at Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL for insect identifications. We also extend our gratitude to Gilbert Queeley, FAMU CESTA Cooperative Extension Program and Stuart Reitz, USDA-ARS-CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL for their help with the statistical analyses. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.12.002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 886ZW UT WOS:000299895700008 ER PT J AU Meikle, WG Mercadier, G Guermache, F Bon, MC AF Meikle, William G. Mercadier, Guy Guermache, Fatiha Bon, Marie-Claude TI Pseudomonas contamination of a fungus-based biopesticide: Implications for honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) health and Varroa mite (Acari: Varroidae) control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas fluorescens; Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; Beauveria bassiana; Biological control; Contamination; 16S rRNA sequencing ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA DEUTEROMYCOTA; APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; DESTRUCTOR ACARI; ECTOPARASITIC MITE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MICROBIAL CONTROL; MITOSPORIC FUNGI AB The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is a major honey bee pest, and its control using pathogen-based biopesticides would resolve many of the problems, such as contamination and pesticide resistance, experienced with chemical control. A biopesticide, formulated with commercially-prepared conidia of a strain of Beauveria bassiana isolated from V. destructor was tested against the mites in bee colonies in southern France. The impact of treatment on hive survivorship, weight and mite infestation levels were very different from those of previous experiments using laboratory-prepared conidia: bee hives treated with the biopesticide died at a higher rate, lost more weight, and had higher mite densities at the end of the study than control hives. The biopesticide was subsequently found to be contaminated with bacteria. Two strains of bacteria were identified, by biotyping and sequencing data of the 16S rRNA and rpoB regions, and while the strains were distinct both were Pseudomonas sp. belonging to the P. fluorescens group. In dual cultures B. bassiana growth was slowed or suppressed when bacterial cfu density was about equal or greater than that of B. bassiana. Experiments using caged adult bees showed that bees ingesting diet and sugar solution treated with B. bassiana and kept at 30 degrees C had significantly lower survival times than those treated with one of the bacterial strains, but the opposite was true at 33 degrees C. Because one arthropod ( honey bees) was treated for infestation by another (V. destructor), the impact of bacterial contamination was likely more noticeable than in most uses of biopesticides, such as treating plants against phytophagous insects. To reduce such risk in biopesticide development, a systematic screening for bacterial contamination prior to field application is recommended. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Meikle, William G.; Mercadier, Guy; Guermache, Fatiha; Bon, Marie-Claude] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. RP Meikle, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM william.meikle@ars.usda.gov FU Association de Developpement de l'Apiculture Professionnelle in Languedoc Roussillon (ADAPRO-LR); USDA-ARS FX The authors would like to thank F. Annas and V. Girod at the Association de Developpement de l'Apiculture Professionnelle in Languedoc Roussillon (ADAPRO-LR) and R. Humber (USDA-ARS) for their support, R. Diaz, C. Gracia, R. Medrano, and C. S. Patt for their help in the laboratory, J. Patt and K. D. Murray (both USDA-ARS) for helpful comments on the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their help in improving the manuscript. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.12.004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 886ZW UT WOS:000299895700011 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Peterson, SC Sessa, DJ AF Eller, F. J. Peterson, S. C. Sessa, D. J. TI Pressurized solvent extraction of pure food grade starch SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Cornstarch; Pressurized solvent extraction; Lipids; Zein; Pasting curve; Retrogradation ID CEREAL STARCHES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; LIPID EXTRACTION; WHEAT STARCHES; CRITICAL FLUID; CORN; VISCOSITY; CORNSTARCH; WATER AB A commercial pressurized solvent extractor was used to remove lipid and non-lipid material from cornstarch using n-propanol/water and ethanol/water mixtures. Yields and chemical composition of the extract fractions were determined. Cornstarch samples were characterized using pasting properties and shear storage modulus measurements. The n-propanol/water extracted slightly higher amounts of both lipids and non-lipids. The lipid fractions contained mostly linoleic, palmitic and oleic free fatty acids. The non-lipid fraction contained mostly protein in the form of zein. The extracted starch had lower peak and setback viscosities than did the unextracted starch. The starch extracted with n-propanol/water had the lowest shear storage modulus values. Conversely, the samples extracted with ethanol/water had the highest shear storage modulus values. It is hypothesized that low amounts of zein present in conjunction with the starch is responsible for this observed effect. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eller, F. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Foods Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Peterson, S. C.; Sessa, D. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Foods Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Fred.Eller@ARS.USDA.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 BP 2477 EP 2481 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.016 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 887YA UT WOS:000299969800015 ER PT J AU Dong, H Strawhecker, KE Snyder, JF Orlicki, JA Reiner, RS Rudie, AW AF Dong, Hong Strawhecker, Kenneth E. Snyder, James F. Orlicki, Joshua A. Reiner, Richard S. Rudie, Alan W. TI Cellulose nanocrystals as a reinforcing material for electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers: Formation, properties and nanomechanical characterization SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Cellulose nanocrystals; Nano-DMA; Nanoindentation Poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers; Electrospinning; Thermal properties ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; NANOFIBERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOINDENTATION; FABRICATION; COMPOSITES; WHISKERS; NYLON-6 AB Uniform fibers composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with progressively increasing contents of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), up to 41 wt%CNCs, have been successfully produced by electrospinning. The morphological, thermal and nanomechanical properties of the composite sub-micron fibers were investigated. The CNCs derived from wood pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis were well dispersed in solutions of PMMA and the processing solvent N,N-dimethylformamide prior to fiber formation. Well-formed fibers with controllable diameters were generated reproducibly at all CNC contents investigated including 41 wt%. The orientation of the CNCs along the fiber axis was facilitated by the electrospinning process and observed directly from microscopy examination. Shifts in thermal transitions of PMMA with increasing CNC content suggest hydrogen bonding interactions between CNC hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups on the PMMA matrix. Nanoscale dynamic mechanical analysis (nano-DMA) was performed using nanoindentation on single fibers perpendicular to the fiber axis. Many of the current challenges associated with single fiber nanoindentation are addressed, such as fiber diameter range and minimum. depth to diameter ratio, and valid depth range under these experimental conditions. Fibers that contained 17 wt% CNCs showed a modest increase of 17% in the storage modulus of PMMA, a high modulus polymer of interest for transparent composite applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, Hong; Strawhecker, Kenneth E.; Snyder, James F.; Orlicki, Joshua A.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Reiner, Richard S.; Rudie, Alan W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Dong, H (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM hong.dong.ctr@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USARL. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. M.R.VanLandingham for insight and discussion on Nano-DMA work. NR 38 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 8 U2 111 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 BP 2488 EP 2495 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 887YA UT WOS:000299969800017 ER PT J AU Probst, C Callicott, KA Cotty, PJ AF Probst, C. Callicott, K. A. Cotty, P. J. TI Deadly strains of Kenyan Aspergillus are distinct from other aflatoxin producers SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kenya; Aflatoxin contamination; Maize; Phylogeny; Aspergillus; S morphotype ID 3 AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES; SECTION FLAVI; MAIZE; NIGERIA; IDENTIFICATION; INTERVENTIONS; CONTAMINATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXIN; OUTBREAK AB Aflatoxin contamination of crops is a world-wide problem. Lethal aflatoxicosis of humans has been associated with maize produced in Kenya for over three decades. The S strain morphotype of Aspergillus flavus was identified as the primary cause of aflatoxin contamination events occurring between 2004 and 2006 in Kenya. Because the S strain was first described in the U.S., it was suggested that the agent causing lethal levels of aflatoxins was introduced to Kenya with maize. DNA sequence comparisons among 68 S strain isolates from Kenya, the Americas, Asia, and Australia suggest the Kenyan isolates are distinct from those causing aflatoxin contaminations in the U.S. Analyses of 4.06 kb representing three loci from distinct chromosomes indicate that most S strain isolates from the U.S. resolved into a clade distinct from one containing the 30 Kenyan isolates. S strain isolates from Kenya were more closely related to the recently described species A. minisclerotigenes than to A. flavus. Furthermore, failure of the Kenyan isolates to produce G aflatoxins was attributed to a previously undescribed deletion in the cypA gene, suggesting that different deletion events led to loss of G aflatoxin production in S strain isolates from the U.S. and Kenya. Thus, although the Kenyan isolates have S strain morphology and produce large quantities of only B aflatoxins like A. flavus S strain isolates, these isolates are phylogenetically divergent from those described from other regions. The molecular characteristics of the Kenyan S strain isolates described herein are valuable tools to identify and track these highly aflatoxigenic fungi. C1 [Callicott, K. A.; Cotty, P. J.] Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 132 IS 3 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9887-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887JF UT WOS:000299922200010 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R Hernlem, BJ AF Rasooly, Reuven Hernlem, Bradley J. TI CD154 as a potential early molecular biomarker for rapid quantification analysis of active Staphylococcus enterotoxin A SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterotoxin; CD154 expression; cell proliferation ID IN-VITRO; FOOD; ASSAY; AUREUS; OUTBREAK AB Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen producing a group of 21 enterotoxins (SEs). These enterotoxins have two separate but related biological activities. They cause gastroenteritis, and they function as superantigens that activate large numbers of T cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that short-term ex vivo exposure of primary naive CD4+ T-cells to SEA induces differential expression of the T cell surface receptor CD154 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, we show that SEA induces higher CD154 protein expression and higher splenocyte cell proliferation compared with SEB. We also demonstrate that expression of CD154 can be used for rapid detection of active SEA in milk. C1 [Rasooly, Reuven; Hernlem, Bradley J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rasooly, R (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 64 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00874.x PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 889CJ UT WOS:000300050800003 PM 22067024 ER PT J AU Mariano, AP Qureshi, N Maciel, R Ezeji, TC AF Mariano, Adriano Pinto Qureshi, Nasib Maciel Filho, Rubens Ezeji, Thaddeus Chukwuemeka TI Assessment of in situ butanol recovery by vacuum during acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) fermentation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetone; butanol; ABE; Clostridium beijerinckii 8052; vacuum fermentation; integrated process ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; PRODUCT INHIBITION; PERVAPORATION; ACETOBUTYLICUM; PERFORMANCE; SUBSTRATE; REMOVAL; SYSTEM AB BACKGROUND: Butanol fermentation is product limiting owing to butanol toxicity to microbial cells. Butanol (boiling point: 118 degrees C) boils at a higher temperature than water (boiling point: 100 degrees C) and application of vacuum technology to integrated acetonebutanolethanol (ABE) fermentation and recovery may have been ignored because of direct comparison of boiling points of water and butanol. This research investigated simultaneous ABE fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii 8052 and in situ butanol recovery by vacuum. To facilitate ABE mass transfer and recovery at fermentation temperature, batch fermentation was conducted in triplicate at 35 degrees C in a 14 L bioreactor connected in series with a condensation system and vacuum pump. RESULTS: Concentration of ABE in the recovered stream was greater than that in the fermentation broth (from 15.7 g L-1 up to 33 g L-1). Integration of the vacuum with the bioreactor resulted in enhanced ABE productivity by 100% and complete utilization of glucose as opposed to a significant amount of residual glucose in the control batch fermentation. CONCLUSION: This research demonstrated that vacuum fermentation technology can be used for in situ butanol recovery during ABE fermentation and that C. beijerinckii 8052 can tolerate vacuum conditions, with no negative effect on cell growth and ABE production. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Mariano, Adriano Pinto; Ezeji, Thaddeus Chukwuemeka] Ohio State Univ, Ohio State Agr Res & Dev Ctr OARDC, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mariano, Adriano Pinto; Maciel Filho, Rubens] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Lab Optimizat Design & Adv Control LOPCA, Sch Chem Engn, BR-13083852 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Qureshi, Nasib] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ezeji, TC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio State Agr Res & Dev Ctr OARDC, Dept Anim Sci, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM ezeji.1@osu.edu RI Mariano, Adriano/H-8170-2012; FAPESP, BIOEN/H-6149-2012; Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Mariano, Adriano/0000-0003-2934-992X; Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X FU US Department of Transportation [DTOS59-07-G-00052]; Northeast Sun Grant Initiative [52110-9615]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) - Brazil [2007/00341-1]; Ohio BioProducts Innovation Center (OBIC) OSU FX This research was supported by the US Department of Transportation (DTOS59-07-G-00052) and Northeast Sun Grant Initiative Award/Agreement No. 52110-9615, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) - Brazil (Contract number 2007/00341-1) and Ohio BioProducts Innovation Center (OBIC) OSU. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 87 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1002/jctb.2717 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 887RT UT WOS:000299947700003 ER PT J AU Masler, EP AF Masler, E. P. TI In vitro proteolysis of nematode FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) by preparations from a free-living nematode (Panagrellus redivivus) and two plant- parasitic nematodes (Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita) SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NEUROPEPTIDES; GENE; AMINOPEPTIDASE; PROTEINASES; METABOLISM; INHIBITORS AB Proteolytic activities in extracts from three nematodes, the plant parasites Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita, and the free-living Panagrellus redivivus, were surveyed for substrate preferences using a battery of seven FRET-modified peptide substrates, all derived from members of the large FMRF-amide like peptide (FLP) family in nematodes. Overall protease activity in P. redivivus was four-to fivefold greater than in either of the parasites, a result that might reflect developmental differences. Digestion of the M. incognita FLP KHEFVRFa (substrate Abz-KHEFVRF-Y(3-NO2)a) by M. incognita extract was sevenfold greater than with H. glycines extract and twofold greater than P. redivivus, suggesting species-specific preferences. Additional species differences were revealed upon screening 12 different protease inhibitors. Two substrates were used in the screen, Abz-KHEFVRF-Y(3-NO2)a and Abz-KPSFVRF-Y(3-NO2)a), which was digested equally by all three species. The effects of various inhibitor, substrate and extract source combinations on substrate digestion suggest that M. incognita differs significantly from P. redivivus and H. glycines in its complement of cysteine proteases, particularly cathepsin L-type protease. C1 ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM edward.masler@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1017/S0022149X1100006X PG 8 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 886UM UT WOS:000299879400012 PM 21392420 ER PT J AU Vasques, GM Grunwald, S Myers, DB AF Vasques, Gustavo M. Grunwald, Sabine Myers, D. B. TI Associations between soil carbon and ecological landscape variables at escalating spatial scales in Florida, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil carbon; Scale; Variogram; Spatial variation; Spatial autocorrelation ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; TERRAIN ATTRIBUTES; MATTER; EVERGLADES; GRASSLAND; FRAMEWORK; NITROGEN; IRELAND; ISSUES AB The spatial distribution of soil carbon (C) is controlled by ecological processes that evolve and interact over a range of spatial scales across the landscape. The relationships between hydrologic and biotic processes and soil C patterns and spatial behavior are still poorly understood. Our objectives were to (i) identify the appropriate spatial scale to observe soil total C (TC) in a subtropical landscape with pronounced hydrologic and biotic variation, and (ii) investigate the spatial behavior and relationships between TC and ecological landscape variables which aggregate various hydrologic and biotic processes. The study was conducted in Florida, USA, characterized by extreme hydrologic (poorly to excessively drained soils), and vegetation/land use gradients ranging from natural uplands and wetlands to intensively managed forest, agricultural, and urban systems. We used semivariogram and landscape indices to compare the spatial dependence structures of TC and 19 ecological landscape variables, identifying similarities and establishing pattern-process relationships. Soil, hydrologic, and biotic ecological variables mirrored the spatial behavior of TC at fine (few kilometers), and coarse (hundreds of kilometers) spatial scales. Specifically, soil available water capacity resembled the spatial dependence structure of TC at escalating scales, supporting a multi-scale soil hydrology-soil C process-pattern relationship in Florida. Our findings suggest two appropriate scales to observe TC, one at a short range (autocorrelation range of 5.6 km), representing local soil-landscape variation, and another at a longer range (119 km), accounting for regional variation. Moreover, our results provide further guidance to measure ecological variables influencing C dynamics. C1 [Grunwald, Sabine] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vasques, Gustavo M.] Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Natl Ctr Soil Res, BR-22460000 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Myers, D. B.] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Grunwald, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, 2169 McCarty Hall,POB 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sabgru@ufl.edu RI Vasques, Gustavo/C-7230-2012 FU Soil and Water Science Department at the University of Florida; Natural Resources Conservation Service; Florida Department of Transportation; Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; University of Florida FX We thank Nicholas B. Comerford, Christine M. Bliss, Gregory L. Bruland, Wade Hurt, Willie G. Harris, Chunhao Xu, Deoyani Sarkhot, and Sanjay Lamsal for their support in soil sampling, analysis, and data preparation. We also thank the Soil and Water Science Department at the University of Florida, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Florida Department of Transportation for funding and support to produce the Florida Soil Characterization database. Funding for this research was provided from various projects including "Linking Experimental and Soil Spectral Sensing for Prediction of Soil Carbon Pools and Carbon Sequestration at Landscape Scales" (Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture), and "Rapid Assessment and Trajectory Modeling of Changes in Soil Carbon across a Southeastern Landscape" (core project of the North American Carbon Program) (Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture), and from the University of Florida Alumni Fellowship program. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9702-3 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 889QE UT WOS:000300087500004 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA Shirk, A Landguth, EL AF Cushman, Samuel A. Shirk, Andrew Landguth, Erin L. TI Separating the effects of habitat area, fragmentation and matrix resistance on genetic differentiation in complex landscapes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Area; Configuration; Fragmentation; Limiting factors; CDPOP; Simulation; Thresholds ID SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; OREGON COAST RANGE; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; BREEDING BIRDS; FOREST; MODELS; CONNECTIVITY; ARRANGEMENT AB Little is known about how variation in landscape mosaics affects genetic differentiation. The goal of this paper is to quantify the relative importance of habitat area and configuration, as well as the contrast in resistance between habitat and non-habitat, on genetic differentiation. We hypothesized that habitat configuration would be more influential than habitat area in influencing genetic differentiation. Population size is positively related to habitat area, and therefore habitat area should affect genetic drift, but not gene flow. In contrast, differential rates and patterns of gene flow across a landscape should be related to habitat configuration. Using spatially explicit, individual-based simulation modeling, we found that habitat configuration had stronger relationships with genetic differentiation than did habitat area, but there was a high degree of confounding between the effects of habitat area and configuration. We evaluated the predictive ability of six widely used landscape metrics and found that patch cohesion and correlation length of habitat are among the strongest individual predictors of genetic differentiation. Correlation length, patch density and clumpy are the most parsimonious set of variables to predict the magnitude of genetic differentiation in complex landscapes. C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Shirk, Andrew] Univ Washington, JISAO Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; ashirk@u.washington.edu; erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu NR 59 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9693-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 889QE UT WOS:000300087500005 ER PT J AU Chung, H Davis, M AF Chung, Hoyoung Davis, Michael TI Effects of genetic variants for the calpastatin gene on calpastatin activity and meat tenderness in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Calpastatin; Meat tenderness; Genetic variants ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; BRATZLER SHEAR FORCE; MU-CALPAIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BEEF-CATTLE; DEGRADATION; PROTEOLYSIS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; PH AB This study was designed to investigate the effects of calpastatin genotypes determined by PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism) on calpastatin activity (CAC) and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBS). Longissimus muscles were prepared from 379 Hanwoo bulls aged approximately 20 months. The selection of PCR primers was based on exons (27 and 28) of the bovine calpastatin cDNA sequences, and genetic variants were detected by SSCP analysis using Taq I restriction enzymes. Sequencing analysis confirmed 4 restriction sites (nucleotide positions 52, 67, 796, and 1369), and a genetic variant was verified at a nucleotide position 641 (C/T substitutions) based on sequences (AF281256). The CAST28 genotypes showing allele frequencies of C (0.429) and T (0.571) were significantly associated with CAC and WBS. A significant positive residual correlation (r = 0.121, P = 0.02) between CAC and WBS was obtained. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, Hoyoung] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Seonghwan 333801, Cheonan, South Korea. [Chung, Hoyoung] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Davis, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chung, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Seonghwan 333801, Cheonan, South Korea. EM chung133@korea.kr RI Davis, Michael/K-6300-2012 FU National Institute of Animal Science FX This work was supported by National Institute of Animal Science, and this experiment was a contributing internal project "Identification of SNPs by differentially expressed proteins in growing stages". NR 34 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 711 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.10.017 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 888DK UT WOS:000299983800029 PM 22119671 ER PT J AU Puangsombat, K Gadgil, P Houser, TA Hunt, MC Smith, JS AF Puangsombat, Kanithaporn Gadgil, Priyadarshini Houser, Terry A. Hunt, Melvin C. Smith, J. Scott TI Occurrence of heterocyclic amines in cooked meat products SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heterocyclic amines; Cooking; Beef; Pork; Chicken; Fish ID PAN RESIDUES; BEEF PATTIES; AROMATIC-AMINES; COOKING; EXTRACTS; MUSCLE; FOOD; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; ROSEMARY AB Heterocyclic amines (HCAs), potent mutagens and a risk factor for human cancers, are produced in meats cooked at high temperature. The aim of this study was to determine the HCA content in cooked meat products (beef, chicken, pork, fish) prepared by various cooking methods (pan frying, oven broiling, and oven baking at 170 to 230 degrees C) that are preferred by U.S. meat consumers. The primary HCAs in these samples were PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine) (1.49-10.89 ng/g), MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline) (not detected-4.0 ng/g), and DiMeIQx (2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-imidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline) (not detected-3.57 ng/g). Type and content of HCAs in cooked meat samples were highly dependent on cooking conditions. The total HCA content in well-done meat was 3.5 times higher than that of medium-rare meat. Fried pork (13.91 ng/g) had higher levels of total HCAs than fried beef (8.92 ng/g) and fried chicken (7.00 ng/g). Among the samples, fried bacon contained the highest total HCA content (17.59 ng/g). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Houser, Terry A.; Hunt, Melvin C.; Smith, J. Scott] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Puangsombat, Kanithaporn] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agroind, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Puangsombat, Kanithaporn] Kasetsart Univ, KU Inst Adv Studies, Ctr Adv Studies Agr & Food, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Gadgil, Priyadarshini] ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Smith, JS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, 208 Call Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jsschem@ksu.edu FU Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture [93-34211-836]; American Meat Institute Foundation; National Pork Board Checkoff FX This research was supported in part by the Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture, under Agreement no. 93-34211-836, the American Meat Institute Foundation, and the National Pork Board Checkoff. Contribution no. 11-024-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.11.005 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 888DK UT WOS:000299983800034 PM 22129588 ER PT J AU van Berkum, P Elia, P Song, QJ Eardly, BD AF van Berkum, Peter Elia, Patrick Song, Qijian Eardly, Bertrand D. TI Development and Application of a Multilocus Sequence Analysis Method for the Identification of Genotypes Within Genus Bradyrhizobium and for Establishing Nodule Occupancy of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-NODULATING RHIZOBIA; SP-NOV.; SEROLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION; PHYLOGENETIC NETWORKS; JAPONICUM STRAINS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ROOT; BACTERIA; SOILS; EVOLUTIONARY AB A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method based on allelic variation of seven chromosomal loci was developed for characterizing genotypes (GT) within the genus Bradyrhizobium. With the method, 29 distinct multilocus GT were identified among 190 culture collection soybean strains. The occupancy of 347 nodules taken from uninoculated field-grown soybean plants also was determined. The bacteroid GT were either the same as or were closely related to GT identified among strains in the culture collection. Double-nodule occupancy estimates of 2.9% were much lower than values published based on serology. Of the 347 nodules examined, 337 and 10 were occupied by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii, respectively. The collection strains within the species B. japonicum and B. elkaniialso were compared with Bradyrhizobium cultures from other legumes. In many cases, the observed GT varied more according to their geographic origin than by their trap hosts of isolation. In other cases, there were no apparent relationships with either the legume or geographic source. The MLST method that was developed should be a useful tool in determining the influence of geographic location, temperature, season, soil type, and host plant cultivar on the distribution of GT of Bradyrhizobium spp. C1 [van Berkum, Peter; Elia, Patrick; Song, Qijian] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Eardly, Bertrand D.] Penn State Berks Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP van Berkum, P (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM peter.vanberkum@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1094/MPMI-09-11-0241 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 888ZN UT WOS:000300043400005 PM 22074348 ER PT J AU Braun, SE Sanderson, JP Wraight, SP AF Braun, S. E. Sanderson, J. P. Wraight, S. P. TI Larval Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae) Potential for Vectoring Pythium Root Rot Pathogens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS GNATS; FUSARIUM-WILT; SHORE FLIES; MOTH FLIES; APHANIDERMATUM; OOSPORES; TRANSMISSION; GERMINATION; SOIL; POPULATIONS AB A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the capacity of Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen) larvae to ingest propagules from two strains each of Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. and P. ultimum Trow and transmit the pathogens to healthy geranium seedlings on a filter-paper substrate in petri dishes. The capacity of fungus gnat larvae to transmit P. aphanidermatum to seedlings rooted in a commercial peat-based potting mix and germination of Pythium oospores and hyphal swellings before and after passage through the guts of larval fungus gnats were also examined. Assays revealed that Pythium spp. transmission by larval fungus gnats varied greatly with the assay substrate and also with the number and nature of ingested propagules. Transmission was highest (65%) in the petri dish assays testing larvae fed P. aphanidermatum K-13, a strain that produced abundant oospores. Transmission of strain K-13 was much lower (< 6%) in plug cells with potting mix. Larvae were less efficient at vectoring P. ultimum strain PSN-1, which produced few oospores, and no transmission was observed with two non-oospore-producing strains: P. aphanidermatum Pa58 and P. ultimum P4. Passage of P. aphanidermatum K-13 through larval guts significantly increased oospore germination. However, decreased germination of hyphal swellings was observed following larval gut passage for strains of P. ultimum. These results expand previous studies suggesting that larval fungus gnats may vector Pythium spp. C1 [Braun, S. E.; Sanderson, J. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wraight, S. P.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Braun, SE (reprint author), Quinnipiac Univ, Dept Biol, Hamden, CT 06518 USA. EM sarah.brown@quinnipiac.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-1907-5-555, 58-1907-4-447]; NSF; Grace H. Griswold Endowment Grant FX This research was funded, in part, through Specific Cooperative Agreements between the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Protection Research Unit and the Cornell University Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY (Specific Cooperative Agreements 58-1907-5-555 and 58-1907-4-447) funded by the USDA-ARS, as part of the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. Additional funding came from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a Grace H. Griswold Endowment Grant to S. E. Braun. We thank E. B. Nelson and M. L. Daughtrey of Cornell University for providing strains of P. aphanidermatum and P. ultimum, and M. Ramos for technical support. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-11-0262 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 888ZU UT WOS:000300044100006 PM 22085299 ER PT J AU Bolton, MD Birla, K Rivera-Varas, V Rudolph, KD Secor, GA AF Bolton, Melvin D. Birla, Keshav Rivera-Varas, Viviana Rudolph, Kurt D. Secor, Gary A. TI Characterization of CbCyp51 from Field Isolates of Cercospora beticola SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEROL DEMETHYLATION INHIBITORS; EUKARYOTIC DNA METHYLATION; SUGAR-BEET; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; FUNGICIDE SENSITIVITY; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; BLUMERIELLA-JAAPII; GENE CYP51; RESISTANCE; 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE AB The hemibiotrophic fungus Cercospora beticola causes leaf spot of sugar beet. Leaf spot control measures include the application of sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, reduced sensitivity to DMIs has been reported recently in the Red River Valley sugar beet-growing region of North Dakota and Minnesota. Here, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of CbCyp51, which encodes the DMI target enzyme sterol P450 14 alpha-demethylase in C. beticola. CbCyp51 is a 1,632-bp intron-free gene with obvious homology to other fungal Cyp51 genes and is present as a single copy in the C. beticola genome. Five nucleotide haplotypes were identified which encoded three amino acid sequences. Protein variant 1 composed 79% of the sequenced isolates, followed by protein variant 2 that composed 18% of the sequences and a single isolate representative of protein variant 3. Because resistance to DMIs can be related to polymorphism in promoter or coding sequences, sequence diversity was assessed by sequencing > 2,440 nucleotides encompassing CbCyp51 coding and flanking regions from isolates with varying EC50 values (effective concentration to reduce growth by 50%) to DMI fungicides. However, no mutations or haplotypes were associated with DMI resistance or sensitivity. No evidence for alternative splicing or differential methylation of CbCyp51 was found that might explain reduced sensitivity to DMIs. However, CbCyp51 was overexpressed in isolates with high EC50 values compared with isolates with low EC50 values. After exposure to tetraconazole, isolates with high EC50 values responded with further induction of CbCyp51, with a positive correlation of CbCyp51 expression and tetraconazole concentration up to 2.5 mu g ml(-1). C1 [Bolton, Melvin D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Birla, Keshav; Rivera-Varas, Viviana; Rudolph, Kurt D.; Secor, Gary A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Bolton, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Melvin.Bolton@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5442-22000-042-00D]; Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota and North Dakota; Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX This research was supported by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5442-22000-042-00D and grants from the Sugarbeet Research and Education Board of Minnesota and North Dakota and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation. We thank X. Wang for excellent technical assistance. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-07-11-0212 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 888ZU UT WOS:000300044100008 PM 22085297 ER PT J AU Yin, YN Kim, YK Xiao, CL AF Yin, Y. N. Kim, Y. K. Xiao, C. L. TI Molecular Characterization of Pyraclostrobin Resistance and Structural Diversity of the Cytochrome b Gene in Botrytis cinerea from Apple SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungicide resistance; gray mold ID QO INHIBITOR FUNGICIDES; MITOCHONDRIAL INTRONS; GRAY MOLD; POPULATIONS; MECHANISMS; SEQUENCE; DELETION AB Botrytis cinerea isolates obtained from apple orchards were screened for resistance to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) pyraclostrobin. Of the 220 isolates tested, 43 (19.5%) were resistant to pyraclostrobin. Analysis of partial sequences of the cytochrome b gene (cyt b) in five pyraclostrobin-resistant (PR) and five pyraclostrobin-sensitive (PS) isolates showed that PR isolates harbored the point mutation leading to the substitution of glycine by alanine at codon position 143 in cyt b (G143A). Two pairs of allele-specific primers were designed based on this point mutation, and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis with these primers showed that all 73 PR isolates (including 30 collected from decayed apple fruit) harbored the G143A mutation but PS isolates did not. Six pairs of primers were designed to analyze the presence of various introns in cyt b. There were six types (I to VI) of cyt b present in 247 isolates of B. cinerea collected from various apple-production areas in Washington State. Of the 247 isolates, 23 had type I cyt b containing all four introns (Bcbi-67/68, Bcbi-131/132, Bcbi-143/144, and Bcbi-164), 176 had type II cyt b containing three introns (Bcbi-67/68, Bcbi-131/132, and Bcbi-164), six had type III cyt b containing two introns (Bcbi-67/68 and Bcbi-131/132), one had type IV cyt b containing two introns (Bcbi-131/132 and Bcbi-164), one had type V cyt b containing only the Bcbi-131/132 intron, and 40 had type VI cyt b containing no introns. This is the first report of types III to VI cyt b present in B. cinerea. All 73 PR isolates did not carry the Bcbi-143/144 intron in cyt b. Of the 247 isolates tested, > 90% did not carry the Bcbi-143/144 intron in cyt b, suggesting that B. cinerea populations from apple pose a high inherent risk for the development of resistance to QoIs because the presence of this intron in cyt b prevents the occurrence of G143A-mediated resistance. Analysis of genetic background based on three microsatellite primers showed that PR isolates originated from different lineages, and there was no correlation between cyt b types (I, II, and III) and the genetic background of the isolates; however, isolates carrying type VI cyt b might originate from the same lineage. C1 [Yin, Y. N.; Kim, Y. K.; Xiao, C. L.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Dept Plant Pathol, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Yin, Y. N.] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Chang-Lin.Xiao@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center [WNP00367] FX This research was supported, in part, by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. This manuscript is Plant Pathology New Series 0579, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center, Project Number WNP00367, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430. We thank Z. Ma for review of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-08-11-0234 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 888ZU UT WOS:000300044100010 PM 22085296 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, GJ Koike, ST Uribe, P Martin, FN AF Bilodeau, Guillaume J. Koike, Steven T. Uribe, Pedro Martin, Frank N. TI Development of an Assay for Rapid Detection and Quantification of Verticillium dahliae in Soil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rDNA copy number; V; tricorpus ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; B-VIRUS DNA; QUANTITATIVE PCR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; QUANTIFY MICROSCLEROTIA; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; NATURAL SOILS; POTATO AB Verticillium dahliae is responsible for Verticillium wilt on a wide range of hosts, including strawberry, on which low soil inoculum densities can cause significant crop loss. Determination of inoculum density is currently done by soil plating but this can take 6 to 8 weeks to complete and delay the grower's ability to make planting decisions. To provide a faster means for estimating pathogen populations in the soil, a multiplexed TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer (IGS) was developed for V. dahliae. The assay was specific for V. dahliae and included an internal control for evaluation of inhibition due to the presence of PCR inhibitors in DNA extracted from soil samples. An excellent correlation was observed in regression analysis (R-2 == 0.96) between real-time PCR results and inoculum densities determined by soil plating in a range of field soils with pathogen densities as low as 1 to 2 microsclerotia/g of soil. Variation in copy number of the rDNA was also evaluated among isolates by SYBR Green real-time PCR amplification of the V. dahliae-specific amplicon compared with amplification of several single-copy genes and was estimated to range from approximate to 24 to 73 copies per haploid genome, which translated into possible differences in results among isolates of approximate to 1.8 cycle thresholds. Analysis of the variation in results of V. dahliae quantification among extractions of the same soil sample indicated that assaying four replicate DNA extractions for each field sample would provide accurate results. A TaqMan assay also was developed to help identify colonies of V. tricorpus on soil plates. C1 [Bilodeau, Guillaume J.; Uribe, Pedro; Martin, Frank N.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Koike, Steven T.] Univ California Cooperat Extens Monterey Cty, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM frank.martin@ars.usda.gov FU California Strawberry Commission FX We thank the California Strawberry Commission for providing funding to support this research; K. Kammeijer and L. Murphy (University of California Cooperative Extension Monterey County, Salinas) for conducting the soil plating; Driscolls Strawberry, O. Daugovish, D. Maloney, D. Marcum, and G. Omori for providing field soils for validation; L. Myer for her work on isolating and identifying soil fungi; R. M. Jimenez-Diaz (Universidad de Cordoba, Spain), K. Dobinson (Agriculture and Agrifood Canada [AAC], London, Ontario, Canada), H. (Bud) Platt (AAC, Charlottetown. P.E.I, Canada), and B. Lievens (Scientia Terrae Research Institute, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium) for providing DNA from Verticillium spp.; and K. Subbarao (University of California, Davis) and L. du Toit (Washington State University) for providing cultures. NR 68 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 64 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-05-11-0130 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 888ZU UT WOS:000300044100012 PM 22066673 ER PT J AU Carr, PM Anderson, RL Lawley, YE Miller, PR Zwinger, SF AF Carr, Patrick M. Anderson, Randy L. Lawley, Yvonne E. Miller, Perry R. Zwinger, Steve F. TI Organic zero-till in the northern US Great Plains Region: Opportunities and obstacles SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE organic farming; ecological farming; conservation tillage; no-till; roller-crimper; cover crops; crop rotation ID LEGUME COVER CROPS; GREEN-MANURE; SPRING WHEAT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; NO-TILL; FALLOW REPLACEMENT; GROWTH-STAGES; DECIMAL CODE; SOIL QUALITY; WATER-USE AB The use of killed cover crop mulch for weed suppression, soil erosion prevention and many other soil and crop benefits has been demonstrated in organic no-till or zero-till farming systems in eastern US regions and in Canada. Implements have been developed to make this system possible by terminating cover crops mechanically with little, if any, soil disturbance. Ongoing research in the US northern Great Plains is being conducted to identify cover crop species and termination methods for use in organic zero-till (OZ) systems that are adapted to the crop rotations and climate of this semi-arid region. Current termination strategies must be improved so that cover crop species are killed consistently and early enough in the growing season so that subsequent cash crops can be grown and harvested successfully. Delaying termination until advanced growth stages improves killing efficacy of cover crops and may provide weed-suppressive mulch for the remainder of the growing season, allowing no-till spring seeding of cash crops during the next growing season. Excessive water use by cover crops, inability of legume cover crops to supply adequate amounts of N for subsequent cash crops and failure of cover crops to suppress perennial weeds are additional obstacles that must be overcome before the use of killed cover crop mulch can be promoted as a weed control alternative to tillage in the US northern Great Plains. Use of vegetative mulch produced by killed cover crops will not be a panacea for the weed control challenges faced by organic growers, but rather one tool along with crop rotation, novel grazing strategies, the judicious use of high-residue cultivation equipment, such as the blade plow, and the use of approved herbicides with systemic activity in some instances, to provide organic farmers with new opportunities to incorporate OZ practices into their cropping systems. Emerging crop rotation designs for organic no-till systems may provide for more efficient use of nutrient and water resources, opportunities for livestock grazing before, during or after cash crop phases and improved integrated weed management strategies on organic farms. C1 [Carr, Patrick M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dickinson Res Extens Ctr, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. [Anderson, Randy L.] ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Lawley, Yvonne E.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Miller, Perry R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zwinger, Steve F.] N Dakota State Univ, Carrington Res Extens Ctr, Carrington, ND 58421 USA. RP Carr, PM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dickinson Res Extens Ctr, 1041 State Ave, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. EM Patrick.Carr.1@ndsu.edu NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 53 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 EI 1742-1713 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1017/S174217051100041X PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 889QM UT WOS:000300088300004 ER PT J AU Mirsky, SB Ryan, MR Curran, WS Teasdale, JR Maul, J Spargo, JT Moyer, J Grantham, AM Weber, D Way, TR Camargo, GG AF Mirsky, Steven B. Ryan, Matthew R. Curran, William S. Teasdale, John R. Maul, Jude Spargo, John T. Moyer, Jeff Grantham, Alison M. Weber, Donald Way, Thomas R. Camargo, Gustavo G. TI Conservation tillage issues: Cover crop-based organic rotational no-till grain production in the mid-Atlantic region, USA SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cover crops; organic no-till; high-residue cultivation; subsurface banding; rotational no-till ID VETCH-RYE MIXTURE; HAIRY VETCH; CORN PRODUCTION; CEREAL RYE; KILL DATE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; WEED SUPPRESSION; ROLLER-CRIMPER; SOIL-MOISTURE; ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA AB Organic producers in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA are interested in reducing tillage, labor and time requirements for grain production. Cover crop-based, organic rotational no-till grain production is one approach to accomplish these goals. This approach is becoming more viable with advancements in a system for planting crops into cover crop residue flattened by a roller-crimper. However, inability to consistently control weeds, particularly perennial weeds, is a major constraint. Cover crop biomass can be increased by manipulating seeding rate, timing of planting and fertility to achieve levels (>8000 kg ha(-1)) necessary for suppressing summer annual weeds. However, while cover crops are multi-functional tools, when enhancing performance for a given function there are trade-off with other functions. While cover crop management is required for optimal system performance, integration into a crop rotation becomes a critical challenge to the overall success of the production system. Further, high levels of cover crop biomass can constrain crop establishment by reducing optimal seed placement, creating suitable habitat for seed- and seedling-feeding herbivores, and impeding placement of supplemental fertilizers. Multi-institutional and -disciplinary teams have been working in the mid-Atlantic region to address system constraints and management trade-off challenges. Here, we report on past and current research on cover crop-based organic rotational no-till grain production conducted in the mid-Atlantic region. C1 [Mirsky, Steven B.; Teasdale, John R.; Maul, Jude; Spargo, John T.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ryan, Matthew R.; Curran, William S.; Grantham, Alison M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Moyer, Jeff] Rodale Inst, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Weber, Donald] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Way, Thomas R.] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Camargo, Gustavo G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Mirsky, SB (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM steven.mirsky@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 70 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1017/S1742170511000457 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 889QM UT WOS:000300088300006 ER PT J AU Reberg-Horton, SC Grossman, JM Kornecki, TS Meijer, AD Price, AJ Place, GT Webster, TM AF Reberg-Horton, S. Chris Grossman, Julie M. Kornecki, Ted S. Meijer, Alan D. Price, Andrew J. Place, George T. Webster, Theodore M. TI Utilizing cover crop mulches to reduce tillage in organic systems in the southeastern USA SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE roller-crimper; organic; no-till ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; WEED-CONTROL; HAIRY VETCH; SECALE-CEREALE; ROLLER-CRIMPER; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; SWEET CORN; RYE; MANAGEMENT AB Organic systems in the southeastern USA offer unique challenges and solutions to crop production due to regional soil and climate characterized by highly weathered soil types, high precipitation and the capacity to grow cover crops in the winter. Recently, the interest of producers and researchers in high-residue cover crops and conservation tillage systems has increased. Various designs of the roller-crimper to manage cover crops have been invented and demonstrated to growers in the southeastern region of the USA over the past 17 years. The impacts of high-residue cover crop mulches on the agronomic systems in the region are diverse. Legume cover crops assist with meeting N demand from cash crops though they decompose rapidly and are seldom sufficient for N demanding crops such as corn. Cereal cover crop mulches can have the opposite effect by immobilizing N and have a longer impact on soil moisture and weed dynamics. While undesirable for many crops, N immobilization is one possible mechanism for weed suppression in legume cash crops planted into cereal residues. Other cover crop weed suppression mechanisms include physical impedance, light availability, allelopathy and microclimate effects. Regardless of the cause, successful weed control by mulches is highly dependent on having substantial biomass. The southeastern region is capable of producing cover crop biomass in excess of 9000 kg ha(-1), which is sufficient for weed control in many cash crops, although supplementary weed control is sometimes necessary. Long-term data are needed to predict when farmers should add supplementary weed control. More work is also needed on how much additional N is required for the cash crops and how best to deliver that N in a high-residue environment using organic sources. C1 [Reberg-Horton, S. Chris; Place, George T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Grossman, Julie M.; Meijer, Alan D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kornecki, Ted S.; Price, Andrew J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Reberg-Horton, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_reberg-horton@ncsu.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Grossman, Julie M/0000-0001-7341-9601 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 47 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1017/S1742170511000469 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 889QM UT WOS:000300088300007 ER PT J AU Raffuse, SM Craig, KJ Larkin, NK Strand, TT Sullivan, DC Wheeler, NJM Solomon, R AF Raffuse, Sean M. Craig, Kenneth J. Larkin, Narasimhan K. Strand, Tara T. Sullivan, Dana Coe Wheeler, Neil J. M. Solomon, Robert TI An Evaluation of Modeled Plume Injection Height with Satellite-Derived Observed Plume Height SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE plume injection height; biomass burning; CALIPSO; MISR; aerosol ID NORTH-AMERICA; SMOKE; TRANSPORT; FIRES; RISE; EMISSIONS AB Plume injection height influences plume transport characteristics, such as range and potential for dilution. We evaluated plume injection height from a predictive wildland fire smoke transport model over the contiguous United States (U. S.) from 2006 to 2008 using satellite-derived information, including plume top heights from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Plume Height Climatology Project and aerosol vertical profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). While significant geographic variability was found in the comparison between modeled plumes and satellite-detected plumes, modeled plume heights were lower overall. In the eastern U. S., satellite-detected and modeled plume heights were similar (median height 671 and 660 m respectively). Both satellite-derived and modeled plume injection heights were higher in the western U. S. (2345 and 1172 m, respectively). Comparisons of modeled plume injection height to satellite-derived plume height at the fire location (R-2 = 0.1) were generally worse than comparisons done downwind of the fire (R-2 = 0.22). This suggests that the exact injection height is not as important as placement of the plume in the correct transport layer for transport modeling. C1 [Raffuse, Sean M.; Craig, Kenneth J.; Sullivan, Dana Coe; Wheeler, Neil J. M.] Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Larkin, Narasimhan K.; Strand, Tara T.; Solomon, Robert] US Forest Serv, USDA, AirFire Team, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Raffuse, SM (reprint author), Sonoma Technol Inc, 1455 North McDowell Blvd,Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM sraffuse@sonomatech.com; kcraig@sonomatech.com; larkin@fs.fed.us; tarastrand@fs.fed.us; dana@sonomatech.com; neil@sonomatech.com; robertsolomon@fs.fed.us FU NASA [NNS06AB52A]; Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) as part of the Smoke and Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (SEMIP) (JFSP project) [08-1-6-10] FX This work was sponsored by a NASA Applied Sciences cooperative agreement (NNS06AB52A). Additional funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) as part of the Smoke and Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (SEMIP) (JFSP project id: 08-1-6-10). The authors wish to thank David Diner at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory for providing guidance on the use of MISR plume height data. Finally, the authors wish to acknowledge the intelligence and hard work of Jordan Stone and Katie Wade. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 103 EP 123 DI 10.3390/atmos3010103 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175QS UT WOS:000321247100005 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Yao, J AF Peters, Debra P. C. Yao, J. TI Long-term experimental loss of foundation species: consequences for dynamics at ecotones across heterogeneous landscapes SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE arid; biome transitions; Chihuahuan Desert; dominant species; experimental removals; grasslands; mortality; semiarid; Shortgrass Steppe; shrublands ID GRASSLAND-SHRUBLAND ECOTONE; BIOME TRANSITION ZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; BLUE GRAMA; NEW-MEXICO; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; COMPETITION AB Biome transition zones where species co-exist near their geographic limits are expected to be among the most responsive to changes in climate that result in mortality of foundation species. Long-term (>13 years) patterns in dominance and cover of functional types were examined following the annual experimental removal of one of three foundation species at an arid-semiarid biome transition zone. Objectives were to identify key processes influencing these patterns, and to predict future landscape-scale dynamics following mortality of different foundation species. Aboveground biomass of dominant species was removed from 3x4 m plots. Cover by species on control and removal plots was estimated annually in communities with a single dominant species, and in ecotonal communities with two dominant species across two types of ecotones (semiarid grassland-arid grassland, arid grassland-arid shrubland). For most species and functional types, trends in cover through time were related to the remaining species assemblages rather than to variable climatic conditions. In ecotonal communities, resident co-dominant species increased to dominance following the loss of a foundation species with little change in community composition. In mono-dominated communities, dominant species loss resulted in a shift to species that are currently sub-dominants of the same functional type as the species that was removed. Subdominant perennial grass and shrub species increased rapidly following removals in most grassland locations. Annuals and perennial forbs had variable cover values through time that were not clearly related to pulses in precipitation and were not synchronized across locations. The most common response regardless of the identity of the foundation species removed or the community type was an increase in cover by subdominant grasses and by the arid grass species (Bouteloua eriopoda). The rate of increase by B. eriopoda depended on initial cover, and resulted from both vegetative growth and seedling recruitment from other locations. Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment from other locations were not found for the semiarid grass, Bouteloua gracilis or the arid shrub, Larrea tridentata. Because B. eriopoda is more susceptible to shrub invasion, drought, and livestock grazing than the other two foundation species, widespread loss of either of the other species and subsequent increase in B. eriopoda is expected to result in an increase in landscape-scale vulnerability to these environmental drivers. The extent and magnitude of this change in vulnerability will depend on the ability of B. eriopoda to respond based on the micro-environmental conditions of the site regardless of which species (B. gracilis, L. tridentata) is lost. C1 [Peters, Debra P. C.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol Res Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0620482] FX This research was supported by a National Science Foundation grant to the University of New Mexico for the Sevilleta Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program (DEB 0620482). The Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge is administered by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the Sevilleta LTER field crew and numerous other field assistants for collection of the data through time. Jim Gosz provided insightful comments and discussions throughout the study. Mike Friggens assisted in obtaining the ADAR image. Two reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This is Sevilleta publication number SEV582. NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 AR UNSP 27 DI 10.1890/ES11-00273.1 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256HQ UT WOS:000327300700007 ER PT J AU Weems, SL Monger, HC AF Weems, Stacey L. Monger, H. Curtis TI Banded vegetation-dune development during the Medieval Warm Period and 20th century, Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon isotopes; climate change; desert geomorphology; emergence; Little Ice Age; Medieval Warm Period; object-based image analysis; positive feedback mechanisms; soil radiocarbon dating ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND RANGE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEDOGENIC CARBONATE; 2-PHASE MOSAICS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; JORNADA BASIN AB With the advent of systematic high-resolution satellite photography, striking geometric shapes of banded vegetation several km(2) in size, but not apparent from the ground, have been documented for many areas of the arid and semiarid world. Banded vegetation, in which dense perennial vegetation alternates with bands of bare soil may originate from geomorphic processes, ecological self-organization, or human land use. In the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico prominent arc-shaped bands of vegetation and dunes occur along the contact of a piedmont slope (bajada) and basin floor. The origin and chronology of this banded vegetation-dune complex was investigated using early aerial photography (1936-1942), landscape photography (1918), vegetation and soil surveys (1858, 1918), soil stratigraphy, C-13/C-12 ratios, and C-14 dating. These methods reveal two periods of eolian deposition. The first began in the Medieval Warm Period (ca. AD 900-1300) and was followed by a period of landscape stability during the Little Ice Age (ca. AD 1500 to 1850). The second began in the late-1800s when widespread desertification occurred throughout the American Southwest. Banded vegetation was initiated after formation of erosional scarplets that functioned as obstacles upon which eolian sand accumulated, thus becoming a dam to overland flow and causing strips of vegetation to form. Banded vegetation in this study is an emergent pattern produced by a coupled ecologic-geomorphic-climatic system. The stratigraphic record produced by this system enables us to compare current ecological responses to climate change with baseline prehistorical responses to climate change. C1 [Weems, Stacey L.] US Forest Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. [Monger, H. Curtis] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Weems, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. EM cmonger@nmsu.edu FU Jornada Basin LTER program (National Science Foundation) [DEB-0080412]; New Mexico State University-Agricultural Experiment Station FX Funding for this study was provided by the Jornada Basin LTER program (National Science Foundation DEB-0080412) and the New Mexico State University-Agricultural Experiment Station. Authors appreciate the assistance of Deb Peters and Kris Havstad with setting up the study, of Andrea Laliberte with image analysis, of Ed Fredrickson with 1918 landscape photography, of Andy Campbell with isotopic analysis, and field work by the JER and NRCS-Las Cruces staffs. Comments on the manuscript and study in general by Brandon Bestelmeyer, Jeff Herrick, David Rachal, and April Ulery greatly benefited the manuscript. NR 94 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 AR UNSP 21 DI 10.1890/ES11-00194.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256HQ UT WOS:000327300700001 ER PT J AU Coots, C Lambdin, P Grant, J Rhea, R Mockford, E AF Coots, Carla Lambdin, Paris Grant, Jerome Rhea, Rusty Mockford, Edward TI Vertical Stratification and Co-Occurrence Patterns of the Psocoptera Community Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, in the Southern Appalachians SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Psocoptera; eastern hemlock; canopy arthropods; co-occurrence; vertical stratification ID NULL MODEL ANALYSIS; SPECIES COOCCURRENCE AB Of the more than 300 species of Psocoptera described in North America, 44 species have been documented on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, in the southern Appalachians. However, the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of these species throughout the tree canopy are unknown. This study was initiated to evaluate specimen abundance, species richness and species composition among three designated strata in the canopy of eastern hemlock, assess species for vertical stratification patterns, and determine if co-occurrence patterns of Psocoptera species are random or non-random. During this study, 27 species representing 18 genera and 10 families were evaluated. Psocopteran specimen abundance, species richness and composition differed among the lower, middle, and upper strata. Unique assemblages were identified in each stratum, indicating vertical stratification. The upper stratum of the canopy had five exclusive species, the middle had four exclusive species, and the lower stratum had 14 exclusive species. The co-occurrence pattern of Psocoptera species in the canopy of eastern hemlock was non-random. C1 [Coots, Carla; Lambdin, Paris; Grant, Jerome] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rhea, Rusty] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Mockford, Edward] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Coots, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cdillin1@utk.edu; plambdin@utk.edu; jgrant@utk.edu; rrhea@fs.fed.us; elmockf@ilstu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection FX We thank D. Paulsen, A. Hakeem, N. Reynolds, and T. Conatser (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA) for assistance with field experiments, personnel at the Tellico Plains Ranger Station (Cherokee National Forest) for their assistance in setting up the test sites, and the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection for financial support of this project. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.3390/f3010127 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 096OR UT WOS:000315414600009 ER PT J AU Ortiz, BV Perry, C Sullivan, D Lu, P Kemerait, R Davis, RF Smith, A Vellidis, G Nichols, R AF Ortiz, Brenda V. Perry, Calvin Sullivan, Dana Lu, Ping Kemerait, Robert Davis, Richard F. Smith, Amanda Vellidis, George Nichols, Robert TI Variable Rate Application of Nematicides on Cotton Fields: A Promising Site-Specific Management Strategy SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; aldicarb; cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; management zones; Meloidogyne incognita; root-knot nematode; precision agriculture; variable rate application ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ZONES; ALDICARB; YIELD AB Field tests were conducted to determine if differences in response to nematicide application (i.e., root-knot nematode (RKN) populations, cotton yield, and profitability) occurred among RKN management zones (MZ). The MZ were delineated using fuzzy clustering of five terrain (TR) and edaphic (ED) field features related to soil texture: apparent soil electrical conductivity shallow (ECa-shallow) and deep (ECa-deep), elevation (EL), slope (SL), and changes in bare soil reflectance. Zones with lowest mean values of ECa-shallow, ECa-deep, NDVI, and SL were designated as at greater risk for high RKN levels. Nematicide-treated plots (4 rows wide and 30 m long) were established in a randomized complete block design within each zone, but the number of replications in each zone varied from four to six depending on the size of the zone. The nematicides aldicarb (Temik 15 G) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D, Telone II) were applied at two rates (0.51 and 1.0 kg a.i./ha for aldicarb, and 33.1 and 66.2 kg a.i./ha for 1,3-D) to RKN MZ in commercial fields between 2007 and 2009. A consolidated analysis over the entire season showed that regardless of the zone, there were not differences between aldicarb rates and 1,3-D rates. The result across zones showed that 1,3-D provided better RKN control than did aldicarb in zones with low ECa values (high RKN risk zones exhibiting more coarse-textured sandy soils). In contrast, in low risk zones with relatively higher ECa values (heavier textured soil), the effects of 1,3-D and aldicarb were equal and application of any of the treatments provided sufficient control. In low RKN risk zones, a farmer would often have lost money if a high rate of 1,3-D was applied. This study showed that the effect of nematicide type and rate on RKN control and cotton yield varied across management zones (MZ) with the most expensive treatment likely to provide economic benefit only in zones with coarser soil texture. This study demonstrates the value of site specific application of nematicides based on management zones, although this approach might not be economically beneficial in fields with little variability in soil texture. C1 [Ortiz, Brenda V.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Perry, Calvin; Vellidis, George] Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Sullivan, Dana] Turfscout LLC, Tifton, GA USA. [Lu, Ping; Kemerait, Robert] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31749 USA. [Davis, Richard F.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Smith, Amanda] Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Nichols, Robert] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Ortiz, BV (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bortiz@auburn.edu FU Cotton Incorporated [07-147GA]; Georgia Cotton Commission [07-147GA] FX This work was supported by cooperative research agreement 07-147GA between Cotton Incorporated and the Georgia Cotton Commission. Many thanks to the cotton producers who participated in this study and shared their time and records with us, and to those cotton growers who provided funds through their research organizations. Finally, special thanks to Dewayne Dales, Rodney Hill, Gary Murphy, Andrea Milton, Keith Rucker, and multiple summer undergraduate and graduate students who assisted with the extensive field work required to complete this research study. Mention of commercially available products is for information only and does not imply endorsement. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164ZG UT WOS:000320451200005 PM 23482903 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Carta, LK Skantar, AM Chitwood, DJ AF Handoo, Zafar A. Carta, Lynn K. Skantar, Andrea M. Chitwood, David J. TI Description of Globodera ellingtonae n. sp (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Oregon SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Globodera ellingtonae; detection; diagnosis; morphology; new species; potato; RFLP; Solanum tuberosum; taxonomy ID POTATO CYST-NEMATODE; T-SOLANACEARUM NEMATA; REAL-TIME PCR; TABACUM-TABACUM; RIBOSOMAL DNA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PALLIDA; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY AB A new species of cyst nematode, Globodera ellingtonae, is described from soil collected from a field in Oregon. Second-stage juveniles (J2) of the species are characterized by body length of 365-515 mu m, stylet length of 19-22.5 mu m, basal knobs rounded posteriorly and pointed anteriorly, tail 39-55 mu m, hyaline tail terminus 20-32.5 mu m, and tail tapering uniformly but abruptly narrowing and constricted near the posterior third of the hyaline portion, ending with a peg-like, finely rounded to pointed terminus. Cysts are spherical to sub-spherical, dark to light brown and circumfenestrate and cyst wall pattern is ridge-like with heavy punctations. Males have a stylet length of 21-25 mu m and spicule length of 30-37 mu m with a pointed thorn-like tip. Females have a stylet length of 20-22.5 mu m, one head annule and labial disc, heavy punctations on the cuticle, and short vulval slit 7.5-8 mu m long. Morphologically this new, round-cyst species differs from the related species G. pallida, G. rostochiensis, G. tabacum complex and G. mexicana by its distinctive J2 tail, and by one or another of the following: shorter mean stylet length in J2, females and males; number of refractive bodies in the hyaline tail terminus of J2; cyst morphology including Granek's ratio; number of cuticular ridges between the anus and vulva; and in the shape and length of spicules in males. Its relationship to these closely related species are discussed. Based upon analysis of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, G. ellingtonae n. sp. is distinct from G. pallida, G. rostochiensis, G. tabacum and G. mexicana. Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analysis of cloned ITS rRNA gene sequences indicated three clades, with intraspecific variability as high as 2.8%. In silico analysis revealed ITS restriction fragment length polymorphisms for enzymes Bsh 1236I, Hinf I, and Rsa I that overlap patterns for other Globodera species. C1 [Handoo, Zafar A.; Carta, Lynn K.; Skantar, Andrea M.; Chitwood, David J.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Handoo, ZA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Zafar.Handoo@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 1 BP 40 EP 57 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164ZG UT WOS:000320451200006 PM 23483076 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Handoo, ZA Zanakis, GN Tzortzakakis, EA AF Skantar, A. M. Handoo, Z. A. Zanakis, G. N. Tzortzakakis, E. A. TI Molecular and Morphological Characterization of the Corn Cyst Nematode, Heterodera zeae, from Greece SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corn cyst nematode; Heterodera zeae; ITS rDNA; restriction fragment length polymorphism; maize ID SEQUENCES; TYLENCHIDA; PHYLOGENETICS; GENE; DNA AB The corn cyst nematode Heterodera zeae was detected in soil from an organic maize field in northern Greece. In greenhouse studies, reproduction of H. zeae was detected on maize plants (Zeae mays) using soil high in organic matter; the field was under winter fallow at the time of sampling. Maize plants were grown in a greenhouse with soil from the affected field used as inoculum. Females appeared after six weeks incubation, and abundant cysts were present after 12 weeks. Morphological and molecular diagnosis confirmed the presence of H. zeae in the field. Cysts were identified on the basis of cyst shape and characteristics of the cyst terminal cone, including nature of fenestration, presence of bullae, cyst wall pattern, and fenestral diameter. Second-stage juveniles were identified by body and stylet length, the shape of stylet knobs, shape and length of the tail and hyaline tail terminus, and by the number of lateral lines. Molecular analysis included amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1&2 rDNA) 28S large ribosomal subunit (LSU) D2-D3 expansion segment, and partial 18S small ribosomal subunit (SSU). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of ITS rDNA exhibited several unique enzyme patterns that may be diagnostically useful for H. zeae. These findings are in agreement with prior analysis of H. zeae populations from the U. S. and India. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from ITS rDNA are congruent with previous analyses that placed H. zeae in a clade with H. turcomanica, H. salixophila and species of the Humuli group. Phylogenetic trees based upon heat shock protein (Hsp90) coding sequence were in general agreement with a prior study using the same marker. This study represents the first record of H. zeae in Greece and the second report of this nematode in Europe. C1 [Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zanakis, G. N.] Hellas SA, Pioneer Hibred, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece. [Tzortzakakis, E. A.] Hellen Agr Org DEMETER, NAGREF, Inst Plant Protect, Nematol Lab, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. RP Skantar, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC West,Bldg 010A,Rm 113, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM andrea.skantar@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164ZG UT WOS:000320451200007 PM 23482617 ER PT J AU Millen, HT Gonnering, JC Berg, RK Spencer, SK Jokela, WE Pearce, JM Borchardt, JS Borchardt, MA AF Millen, Hana T. Gonnering, Jordan C. Berg, Ryan K. Spencer, Susan K. Jokela, William E. Pearce, John M. Borchardt, Jackson S. Borchardt, Mark A. TI Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Immunology; Issue 61; avian influenza virus; environmental sampling; Cryptosporidium; pathogen concentration; Salmonella; water; waterborne disease; waterborne pathogens AB The key first step in evaluating pathogen levels in suspected contaminated water is concentration. Concentration methods tend to be specific for a particular pathogen group, for example US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623 for Giardia and Cryptosporidium(1), which means multiple methods are required if the sampling program is targeting more than one pathogen group. Another drawback of current methods is the equipment can be complicated and expensive, for example the VIRADEL method with the 1MDS cartridge filter for concentrating viruses(2). In this article we describe how to construct glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne pathogens. After filter elution, the concentrate is amenable to a second concentration step, such as centrifugation, followed by pathogen detection and enumeration by cultural or molecular methods. The filters have several advantages. Construction is easy and the filters can be built to any size for meeting specific sampling requirements. The filter parts are inexpensive, making it possible to collect a large number of samples without severely impacting a project budget. Large sample volumes (100s to 1,000s L) can be concentrated depending on the rate of clogging from sample turbidity. The filters are highly portable and with minimal equipment, such as a pump and flow meter, they can be implemented in the field for sampling finished drinking water, surface water, groundwater, and agricultural runoff. Lastly, glass wool filtration is effective for concentrating a variety of pathogen types so only one method is necessary. Here we report on filter effectiveness in concentrating waterborne human enterovirus, Salmonella enterica, Cryptosporidium parvum, and avian influenza virus. C1 [Millen, Hana T.; Gonnering, Jordan C.; Borchardt, Jackson S.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Berg, Ryan K.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. [Spencer, Susan K.; Jokela, William E.; Borchardt, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM mark.borchardt@ars.usda.gov FU US EPA STAR Grant [R831630]; USGS FX We thank William T. Eckert for narrating the video. Development of the glass wool protocol was part of the Wisconsin Water And Health Trial for Enteric Risks (WAHTER Study), funded by US EPA STAR Grant R831630. Alaska samples were collected by A. Reeves, A. Ramey, and B. Meixell with financial support from USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD MAR PY 2012 IS 61 AR e3930 DI 10.3791/3930 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36PF UT WOS:000209222800052 PM 22415031 ER PT J AU Pan, YB AF Pan, Yong-Bao TI Biotechnology: Impact on Sugarcane Agriculture and Industry SO SUGAR TECH LA English DT Letter C1 ARS, USDA, Midsouth Area, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Midsouth Area, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM yongbao.pan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0972-1525 J9 SUGAR TECH JI Sugar Tech. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s12355-012-0136-2 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 265EY UT WOS:000327933700001 ER PT J AU Salem, ME Mercer, DE AF Salem, Marwa E. Mercer, D. Evan TI The Economic Value of Mangroves: A Meta-Analysis SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE mangroves; meta-regression analysis; nonmarket valuation ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FISHERY LINKAGES; VALUATION; COASTAL; YIELDS AB This paper presents a synthesis of the mangrove ecosystem valuation literature through a meta-regression analysis. The main contribution of this study is that it is the first meta-analysis focusing solely on mangrove forests, whereas previous studies have included different types of wetlands. The number of studies included in the regression analysis is 44 for a total of 145 observations. We include several regressions with the objective of addressing outliers in the data as well as the possible correlations between observations of the same study. We also investigate possible interaction effects between type of service and GDP per capita. Our findings indicate that mangroves exhibit decreasing returns to scale, that GDP per capita has a positive effect on mangrove values and that using the replacement cost and contingent valuation methods produce higher estimates than do other methods. We also find that there are statistically significant interaction effects that influence the data. Finally, the results indicate that employing weighted regressions provide a better fit than others. However, in terms of forecast performance we find that all the estimated models performed similarly and were not able to conclude decisively that one outperforms the other. C1 [Salem, Marwa E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Salem, Marwa E.] Cairo Univ, Fac Econ & Polit Sci, Giza 12613, Egypt. [Mercer, D. Evan] USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Salem, ME (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Econ, 2801 Founders Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mesalem@ncsu.edu; emercer@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station [10-JV-11330143-129]; Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University FX Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, through a joint venture agreement # 10-JV-11330143-129 is gratefully acknowledged. The views reflected herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the agency's views. Partial funding for Salem by the Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University through the Massiha/ Elmokadem Scholarship is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 52 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 359 EP 382 DI 10.3390/su4030359 PG 24 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213EV UT WOS:000324038400004 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, DM Ort, DR AF Rosenthal, David M. Ort, Donald R. TI Examining Cassava's Potential to Enhance Food Security Under Climate Change SO TROPICAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Manihot esculenta; Cassava; Elevated CO2; Tropospheric ozone; Food shortages; Global change; Root crop AB Approximately 925 million people are undernourished and almost 90% of these people live in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Asia and the Pacific. Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, continues to have the highest proportion of chronically hungry individuals, where 1 in 3 (ca. 240 million) are undernourished in terms of both food quantity and nutrition. The threat of substantial changes in climate raises concerns about future capacity to sustain even current levels of food availability because climate change will impact food security most severely in regions where undernourishment is already problematic. Estimates of future climate change impacts on crops vary widely, particularly in Africa, due in part to a lack of agricultural and meteorological data. To more accurately predict future climate change impacts on food security we must first precisely assess the impact of climate change drivers on crops of food insecure regions. Recent advances in biofortification, a substantial yield gap, and an inherent potential to respond positively to globally increasing CO2 levels are synergistic and encouraging for cassava in an otherwise bleak global view of the future of food security in the developing world. C1 [Rosenthal, David M.; Ort, Donald R.] USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rosenthal, David M.; Ort, Donald R.] USDA, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rosenthal, David M.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ort, Donald R.] USDA, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM davidrosenthal2@gmail.com; d-ort@igb.uiuc.edu NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-9756 EI 1935-9764 J9 TROP PLANT BIOL JI Trop. Plant Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s12042-011-9086-1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V32WA UT WOS:000208980100004 ER PT J AU Dorr, BS Burger, LW Barras, SC Godwin, KC AF Dorr, Brian S. Burger, Loren W. Barras, Scott C. Godwin, Kristina Casscles TI Double-Crested Cormorant Distribution on Catfish Aquaculture in the Yazoo River Basin of Mississippi SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; cormorants; distribution; Phalacrocroax auritus; predation; selectivity AB Estimating the catfish aquaculture production losses that can be attributed to double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) has proved problematic because knowledge of the distribution of cormorants on catfish aquaculture is lacking. We evaluated use versus availability of various production pond types and landscape-scale factors affecting the distribution of cormorants on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture facilities in Mississippi, USA. Cormorant distribution on aquaculture pond types indicated selection against brood-fish ponds, neutral selection on fingerling ponds, and selection for food-fish ponds (n = 29, Chesson's alpha = 0.19, 0.36, and 0.45, respectively). Modeled and validated correct classification rate (CCR) of general linear mixed models of cormorant occupancy of clusters of catfish ponds indicated seasonality of use and roost distance from aquaculture ponds was predictive (CCR = 81% and 71%, respectively). Modeled and validated ordinal models of levels of use (low, moderate, high) were less predictive (CCR = 67% and 59%, respectively). However, predictability within use levels for the validation data set was mixed, ranging from 0.19 to 0.86. Odds ratios indicate both higher risk of occupancy and levels of use over the period February-April relative to October. Management efforts targeted during this time frame will have the greatest impact in reducing depredation losses. The majority of cormorants occurred on food-fish ponds. Consequently estimates of economic loss should be revisited and refined based on distributional information provided in this study. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Dorr, Brian S.] Mississippi State Univ, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Burger, Loren W.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Barras, Scott C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Moseley, VA 23120 USA. [Godwin, Kristina Casscles] Mississippi State Univ, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dorr, BS (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Mississippi Field Stn, POB 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM brian.s.dorr@aphis.usda.gov OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center [QA-829] FX U.S. Department of Agriculture/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center provided funding to conduct this research under Quality Assurance protocol QA-829. We thank staff with U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services Mississippi for conducting cormorant night roost surveys, P. Gerard, K. Reinecke, and R. Kaminski for help with statistics and study design, J. Holden, Jr. of Ducks Unlimited, Inc., for catfish pond coverages and A. "Butch'' Nygren for his professional aerial survey service. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1002/wsb.94 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000011 ER PT J AU Wyckoff, AC Henke, SE Campbell, TA Hewitt, DG Vercauteren, KC AF Wyckoff, A. Christy Henke, Scott E. Campbell, Tyler A. Hewitt, David G. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Movement and Habitat Use of Feral Swine Near Domestic Swine Facilities SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE contact; disease; domestic swine; feral swine; GPS collar; habitat use; Sus scrofa; Texas AB Feral swine (Sus scrofa), a successful invasive species in the United States, have established growing populations in 38 states and are a reservoir of diseases important to domestic swine. An understanding of habitat use and movements is important for the prevention of disease transmission between feral and domestic swine. To assess risk posed to neighboring domestic swine facilities in East and South Texas, we determined habitat use and movement patterns of feral swine within 10 miles of domestic swine facilities, identified similarities in habitat preferences and vegetation types directly surrounding facilities, assessed effects of wet and dry conditions on general habitat use, and determined whether landscape features such as corridors or boundaries influenced movements across utilized habitats. Kernel area values (95% isopleths) for wet and dry periods were different (F-2,F-16 = 6.38, P = 0.005) between East and South Texas. Feral swine preferred habitat characteristics commonly found surrounding domestic swine facilities. Feral swine also demonstrated disproportionate use of specific vegetation types as compared to availability during both wet and dry periods. Additionally, the presence of paved, 2-lane roads influenced movements of feral swine. The new knowledge of habitat use and landscape movements we present can be used for more efficient application of targeted management and eradication strategies near domestic swine facilities, particularly in emergency situations such as disease outbreaks. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Wyckoff, A. Christy; Henke, Scott E.; Hewitt, David G.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Natl Wildlife Res, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Wyckoff, AC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM scott.henke@tamuk.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Services, Veterinary Services and Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute FX We thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Services, Veterinary Services and Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center and the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute for financial support. Land access and logistical support was generously provided by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Texas A&M University, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Temple Inland Company, King Ranch, Inc., D. Baldree, M. Benton, R. Brookshire, B. Colston, Jr., B. Colston, III, F. C. Flournoy, J. Maxy, K. West, and private landowners. We would also like to thank T. Atwood, S. Edwards, J. Fischer, M. Hall, B. Hopkins, D. Krapes, M. Lavelle, D. Long, J. Moczygemba, K. Porter, E. Redeker, M. Reidy, L. Roberson, M. Schenk, H. Smith, J. Stevenson, J. Treadway, S. Ynostrosa, D. Walters, E. Wehland, A. Windham, and S. Wyckoff for assistance in fieldwork, editing, and other project aspects. This is publication number 08-124 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1002/wsb.96 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000020 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RT Boyce, DA Graham, RT AF Reynolds, Richard T. Boyce, Douglas A., Jr. Graham, Russell T. TI Ponderosa Pine Forest Structure and Northern Goshawk Reproduction: Response to Beier et al. (2008) SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE Accipiter gentilis; desired conditions; food webs; forests; habitat; landscape; management; northern goshawk; ponderosa pine AB Ecosystem-based forest management requires long planning horizons to incorporate forest dynamics-changes resulting from vegetation growth and succession and the periodic resetting of these by natural and anthropogenic disturbances such as fire, wind, insects, and timber harvests. Given these dynamics, ecosystem-based forest management plans should specify desired conditions such as tree species composition, age class, tree density and structure, size and density of snags and course woody debris, and the size, shape, and juxtaposition of trees, groups of trees, and stands in order to create and sustain habitats for wildlife. The management recommendations for the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) in the southwestern United States (hereafter, recommendations; Reynolds et al. 1992) is a management plan designed to conserve this top predator by accounting for factors thought to limit their populations: vegetation structures, foods, predators, and competitors. The recommendations combined coarse-and fine-filter approaches to develop desired habitats for goshawks and their prey in landscapes whose compositions, structures, and patterns were conditioned on the aut-and synecologies of over-and understory plant species in forest ecosystems. Management plans that address all stages of a species' life history, the physical and biological factors limiting its populations, the habitats of other members of its ecological community, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of forests it occupies should be robust to failure (Reynolds et al. 2006a, b). The recommendations have been implemented in National Forests in the southwestern United States since 1996 (USDA Forest Service 1996), but their efficacy at conserving goshawk reproduction and survival has yet to be demonstrated. Recently, Beier et al. (2008) conducted a test of the recommendations and concluded that reproduction of goshawks declined as forest structures in their breeding areas became increasingly similar to those described in the recommendations. Here we show that methods they used to determine similarity to the structural conditions described in the recommendations resulted in inappropriate measures of similarity. We also show that their monitoring of goshawk reproduction on the 13 breeding areas used in their study was insufficient, and show how their insufficient monitoring introduced a systematic bias that reduced the precision of their test even if they had correctly measured similarity. We end by suggesting approaches for determining structural similarity to the goshawk recommendations in ponderosa pine and how to achieve adequate sampling for reproduction on breeding areas. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Reynolds, Richard T.] Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Boyce, Douglas A., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Graham, Russell T.] Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Reynolds, RT (reprint author), Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Suite 350, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rreynolds@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1002/wsb.109 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000022 ER PT J AU Kluever, BM Lagos, L Breck, SW Howery, LD Sanmartin, ML Bergman, DL Barcena, F AF Kluever, Bryan M. Lagos, Laura Breck, Stewart W. Howery, Larry D. Sanmartin, Manuel L. Bergman, David L. Barcena, Felipe TI Integrity and Retention of Ear-Tag Radiotransmitters in Domestic Cattle and Feral Horses SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Bos taurus; Equus caballus; predation; radiotelemetry; Spain AB Radiotelemetry is an important tool for wildlife management and research, but in some cases attachment of neck collars can be problematic. An alternative in large mammals is to attach transmitters to the ear, though little is published about ear-tag radiotransmitter integrity (i.e., how long a transmitter emits a useful signal) and retention (i.e., how long a transmitter remains attached to an animal). Here we report ear-tag transmitter integrity and retention from 2 studies monitoring free-ranging calves (Bos taurus) in eastern Arizona, USA, and feral horse (Equus ferus) foals in northwestern Spain. Transmitter integrity and retention was lower for transmitters attached to foals then calves. The primary cause for reduced integrity was antennas breaking off, whereas the primary retention problem involved transmitters ripping out of the ear. When data were pooled across study sites, mean integrity and retention loss was 111 days and 180 days, respectively. Transmitters attached to the interior of the outer ears had retention rates >2 times higher than transmitters attached to the exterior of the outer ear (88% vs. 43%). We recommend that researchers intending to utilize ear-tag transmitters for studies on large domestic or wild animals attach transmitters to the interior of the outer ear, reinforce transmitter antennas in order to improve integrity, and report integrity and retention rates. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Kluever, Bryan M.; Howery, Larry D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lagos, Laura; Sanmartin, Manuel L.; Barcena, Felipe] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Food Res & Anal, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bergman, David L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RP Kluever, BM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Wildland Resources Dept, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM bmkluever@yahoo.com OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 30 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1002/wsb.95 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000029 ER PT J AU Hildreth, AM Hygnstrom, SE Blankenship, EE Vercauteren, KC AF Hildreth, Aaron M. Hygnstrom, Scott E. Blankenship, Erin E. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Use of Partially Fenced Fields to Reduce Deer Damage to Corn SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE corn; damage; fence; Odocoileus virginianus; polypropylene mesh; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage management AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage agricultural crops, often leading to significant economic losses for farmers. We used poly-mesh fence with wings to separate good deer cover from agricultural fields where crop damage by deer occurred primarily along this edge. In these cases, complete enclosure of the field with fencing may be unnecessary. The design used a 2.13-m-high polypropylene mesh fence erected along the wooded edge of a field with either 50-m or 150-m wings extending perpendicular from the fence line and wooded habitat. Fences reduced deer damage in cornfields 13.5% (F-1,F-6 = infinity, P < 0.001). Average yield in fenced fields (10,211 kg/ha) was 1,708 kg/ha greater than in control fields, which, at US$0.155/kg, equals a net gain of US$265/ha. We found no difference in damage between fences with 50-m and 150-m wings (F-1,F-1 = 0.26, P = 0.695). Costs for materials and labor for erecting partial poly-mesh fences with wings were US$5.56/m and US$1.42/m, respectively. Mean total cost for partial poly-mesh fences with 50-m wings would be US$60.13/ha/year over a 10-year period, compared with US$82.30/ha/year for 150-m wings and US$184.16/ha/year for completely enclosing fields. Expected savings for partial poly-mesh fences with 50-m wings over a 10-year period were US$205/ha/year, as compared with damaged fields without fences. We concluded that poly-mesh fences with 50-m wings were cost-effective at reducing damage by deer to corn. Additional research should be conducted to determine efficacy of the more cost-effective high-tensile and poly-tape fences with wings. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hildreth, Aaron M.; Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Blankenship, Erin E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hildreth, AM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 218 TP Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM hildreta@gmail.com FU University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Natural Resources; National Wildlife Research Center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX We thank the University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Natural Resources and the National Wildlife Research Center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services for providing the funding for the study. We thank D. Baasch, S. Groepper, G. Clements, J. Williams, T. Ruby, J. Stoneman, T. Kinsell, and C. Zajac for assistance in the field. We thank L. Klimek, M. Sheets, S. Cooper, M. Cunard, and P. Magorian at DNWR and local farmers for providing study sites, assistance, and equipment. The Youth Conservation Corps at DNWR provided assistance. We thank Associate Editor Rollins for the helpful comments and review of the manuscript. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by University of Nebraska-Lincoln or the USDA, nor does omission imply criticism. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and provide specific information. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1002/wsb.119 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000031 ER PT J AU Poudyal, NC Siry, JP Bowker, JM AF Poudyal, Neelam C. Siry, Jacek P. Bowker, J. M. TI Stakeholders' Engagement in Promoting Sustainable Development: Businesses and Urban Forest Carbon SO BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; environmental policy; stakeholder attitudes; green product; strategic marketing; sustainable development ID TREES AB To better understand how businesses' motivation and support for green projects varies by their organizational objectives and characteristics, this study investigates a case of urban forestry carbon credits in a broader context of climate change mitigation efforts. Companies and organizations currently participating in the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) were surveyed regarding their perception of consumers' concerns with climate change, attitudes toward government regulations, factors important to their emission management decisions, and their interest in buying and paying premiums for carbon credits sourced from urban forestry. Statistical analysis of the responses reveals noticeable differences among various types of business organizations. The findings are useful for understanding how businesses respond to different kinds of green products and will help in the development of green product markets. Finally, the results will help in developing effective environmental policies that respond well to businesses' objectives and preferences. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. C1 [Poudyal, Neelam C.; Siry, Jacek P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bowker, J. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Poudyal, NC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM npoudyal@warnell.uga.edu NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0964-4733 J9 BUS STRATEG ENVIRON JI Bus. Strateg. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1002/bse.724 PG 13 WC Business; Environmental Studies; Management SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880NO UT WOS:000299414300002 ER PT J AU Patterson, PL Coulston, JW Roesch, FA Westfall, JA Hill, AD AF Patterson, Paul L. Coulston, John W. Roesch, Francis A. Westfall, James A. Hill, Andrew D. TI A primer for nonresponse in the US forest inventory and analysis program SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Missing data; Post-stratification; Non-sampling error; Replacement procedure; Bias ID UNITED-STATES AB Nonresponse caused by denied access and hazardous conditions are a concern for the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, whose mission is to quantify status and trends in forest resources across the USA. Any appreciable amount of nonresponse can cause bias in FIA's estimates of population parameters. This paper will quantify the magnitude of nonresponse and describe the mechanisms that result in nonresponse, describe and qualitatively evaluate FIA's assumptions regarding nonresponse, provide a recommendation concerning plot replacement strategies, and identify appropriate strategies to pursue that minimize bias. The nonresponse rates ranged from 0% to 21% and differed by land owner group; with denied access to private land the leading cause of nonresponse. Current FIA estimators assume that nonresponse occurs at random. Although in most cases this assumption appears tenable, a qualitative assessment indicates a few situations where the assumption is not tenable. In the short-term, we recommend that FIA use stratification schemes that make the missing at random assumption tenable. We recommend the examination of alternative estimation techniques that use appropriate weighting and auxiliary information to mitigate the effects of nonresponse. We recommend the replacement of nonresponse sample locations not be used. C1 [Patterson, Paul L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Coulston, John W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Roesch, Francis A.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Westfall, James A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Hill, Andrew D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Patterson, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150A Ctr Ave,Suite 350, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM plpatterson@fs.fed.us; jcoulston@fs.fed.us; FRoesch@fs.fed.us; jameswestfall@fs.fed.us; adhill@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service FX Support for this project was provided by the US Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program national techniques research group. We would like to thank Dr. Vicente Monleon (US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station) for his helpful comments and suggestions during this project. The authors thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and valuable suggestions. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 184 IS 3 BP 1423 EP 1433 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2051-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881VY UT WOS:000299520200019 PM 21553251 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Williams, CF AF McLain, Jean E. T. Williams, Clinton F. TI Assessing environmental impacts of treated wastewater through monitoring of fecal indicator bacteria and salinity in irrigated soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; Enterococcus; Water reuse; Fecal indicator bacteria; Soil salinity; Turfgrass ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; RECYCLED WATER; SURVIVAL; TRANSPORT; REUSE; TURF; MICROORGANISMS; EFFLUENT; NITROGEN AB To assess the potential for treated wastewater irrigation to impact levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and salinity in irrigated soils, levels of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and environmental covariates were measured in a treated wastewater holding pond (irrigation source water), water leaving the irrigation system, and in irrigated soils over 2 years in a municipal parkland in Arizona. Higher E. coli levels were measured in the pond in winter (56 CFU 100 mL(-1)) than in summer (17 CFU 100 mL(-1)); however, in the irrigation system, levels of FIB decreased from summer (26 CFU 100 mL(-1)) to winter (4 CFU 100 mL(-1)), possibly related to low winter water use and corresponding death of residual bacteria within the system. For over 2 years, no increase in FIB was found in irrigated soils, though highest E. coli levels (700 CFU g(-1) soil) were measured in deeper (20-25 cm) soils during summer. Measurements of water inputs vs. potential evapotranspiration indicate that irrigation levels may have been sufficient to generate bacterial percolation to deeper soil layers during summer. No overall increase in soil salinity resulting from treated wastewater irrigation was detected, but distinct seasonal peaks as high as 4 ds m(-1) occurred during both summers. The peaks significantly declined in winter when surface ET abated and more favorable water balances could be maintained. Monitoring of seasonal shifts in irrigation water quality and/or factors correlated with increases and decreases in FIB will aid in identification of any public health or environmental risks that could arise from the use of treated wastewater for irrigation. C1 [McLain, Jean E. T.; Williams, Clinton F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP McLain, JET (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jean.mclain@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 184 IS 3 BP 1559 EP 1572 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2060-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881VY UT WOS:000299520200028 PM 21603923 ER PT J AU Travadon, R Smith, ME Fujiyoshi, P Douhan, GW Rizzo, DM Baumgartner, K AF Travadon, Renaud Smith, Matthew E. Fujiyoshi, Phillip Douhan, Greg W. Rizzo, David M. Baumgartner, Kendra TI Inferring dispersal patterns of the generalist root fungus Armillaria mellea SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Armillaria mellea; isolation by distance; microsatellite markers; spatial autocorrelation; spatial genetic structure; spore dispersal; wood decay fungi ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOMATIC INCOMPATIBILITY; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PINE FOREST AB Investigating the dispersal of the root-pathogenic fungus Armillaria mellea is necessary to understand its population biology. Such an investigation is complicated by both its subterranean habit and the persistence of genotypes over successive host generations. As such, host colonization by resident mycelia is thought to outcompete spore infections. We evaluated the contributions of mycelium and spores to host colonization by examining a site in which hosts pre-date A.similar to mellea. Golden Gate Park (San Francisco, CA, USA) was established in 1872 primarily on sand dunes that supported no resident mycelia. Genotypes were identified by microsatellite markers and somatic incompatibility pairings. Spatial autocorrelation analyses of kinship coefficients were used to infer spore dispersal distance. The largest genotypes measured 322 and 343 m in length, and 61 of the 90 total genotypes were recovered from only one tree. The absence of multilocus linkage disequilibrium and the high proportion of unique genotypes suggest that spore dispersal is an important part of the ecology and establishment of A.similar to mellea in this ornamental landscape. Spatial autocorrelations indicated a significant spatial population structure consistent with limited spore dispersal. This isolation-by-distance pattern suggests that most spores disperse over a few meters, which is consistent with recent, direct estimates based on spore trapping data. C1 [Travadon, Renaud; Rizzo, David M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, Matthew E.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fujiyoshi, Phillip; Baumgartner, Kendra] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Douhan, Greg W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu RI Smith, Matthew/A-8115-2012 OI Smith, Matthew/0000-0002-0878-0932 FU United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS); National Science Foundation FX The authors thank Peter Ehrlich (Presidio of San Francisco, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco, CA, USA) for references on the history of Golden Gate Park, and C. Dutech (INRA, Bordeaux, France) for valuable comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and the National Science Foundation Biocomplexity Program. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 193 IS 4 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04015.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 885KQ UT WOS:000299778300017 PM 22211298 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Sisterson, MS French, R AF Stenger, Drake C. Sisterson, Mark S. French, Roy TI Population genetics of Homalodisca vitripennis reovirus validates timing and limited introduction to California of its invasive insect host, the glassy-winged sharpshooter (vol 407, pg 53, 2010) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Stenger, Drake C.; Sisterson, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [French, Roy] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93611 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 424 IS 1 BP 76 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2011.12.013 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 886JQ UT WOS:000299851100010 ER PT J AU Gupta, AK Nayduch, D Verma, P Shah, B Ghate, HV Patole, MS Shouche, YS AF Gupta, Arvind K. Nayduch, Dana Verma, Pankaj Shah, Bhavin Ghate, Hemant V. Patole, Milind S. Shouche, Yogesh S. TI Phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the gut of house flies (Musca domestica L.) SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA gene; culture dependent; clone library; culture independent; bacterial diversity ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WOHLFAHRTIA-MAGNIFICA DIPTERA; SP-NOV.; FILTH FLIES; PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT; MECHANICAL VECTORS; GENE-SEQUENCES AB House flies (Musca domestica L.) are cosmopolitan, ubiquitous, synanthropic insects that serve as mechanical or biological vectors for various microorganisms. To fully assess the role of house flies in the epidemiology of human diseases, it is essential to understand the diversity of microbiota harbored by natural fly populations. This study aimed to identify the diversity of house fly gut bacteria by both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. A total of 102 bacterial strains were isolated from the gut of 65 house flies collected from various public places including a garden, public park, garbage/dump area, public toilet, hospital, restaurant/canteen, mutton shop/market, and house/human habitation. Molecular phylogenetic analyses placed these isolates into 22 different genera. The majority of bacteria identified were known potential pathogens of the genera Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Shigella, Morganella, Providencia, and Staphylococcus. Culture-independent methods involved the construction of a 16S rRNA gene clone library, and sequence analyses supported culture recovery results. However, additional bacterial taxa not determined via culture recovery were revealed using this methodology and included members of the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and the phylum Bacteroidetes. Here, we show that the house fly gut is an environmental reservoir for a vast number of bacterial species, which may have impacts on vector potential and pathogen transmission. C1 [Gupta, Arvind K.; Verma, Pankaj; Patole, Milind S.; Shouche, Yogesh S.] Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Mol Biol Unit, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Nayduch, Dana] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Shah, Bhavin] Pune Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Ghate, Hemant V.] Modern Coll Arts Sci & Commerce, Dept Zool, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Shouche, YS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Mol Biol Unit, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. EM yogesh@nccs.res.in FU National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Modern College, Pune, India; Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA; Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi FX We thank Dr G. C. Mishra, Director, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Modern College, Pune, India, and Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA, for facilities, encouragement, and support. Grants from Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, supported this research. Research fellowship awarded by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, to A. K. Gupta, is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to Dr Rajnikant Dixit, National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR, India), Dr Mahesh Dharne, Dr Ashraf Rangrez, and Mr C. P. Antony for providing valuable constructive ideas and comments in the initial stage of the study. Special thanks to Mrs Pragati Gupta for her helpful comments in preparing the manuscript. NR 80 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 79 IS 3 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01248.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 878LA UT WOS:000299257300003 PM 22092755 ER PT J AU Sridevi, G Minocha, R Turlapati, SA Goldfarb, KC Brodie, EL Tisa, LS Minocha, SC AF Sridevi, Ganapathi Minocha, Rakesh Turlapati, Swathi A. Goldfarb, Katherine C. Brodie, Eoin L. Tisa, Louis S. Minocha, Subhash C. TI Soil bacterial communities of a calcium-supplemented and a reference watershed at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire, USA SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PhyloChip microarray; forest soil; bacterial diversity; Hubbard Brook; calcium amendment ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; SPRUCE PICEA-RUBENS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; CLONE LIBRARY; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; MICROARRAY; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM AB Soil Ca depletion because of acidic deposition-related soil chemistry changes has led to the decline of forest productivity and carbon sequestration in the northeastern USA. In 1999, acidic watershed (WS) 1 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH, USA was amended with Ca silicate to restore soil Ca pools. In 2006, soil samples were collected from the Ca-amended (WS1) and reference watershed (WS3) for comparison of bacterial community composition between the two watersheds. The sites were about 125 m apart and were known to have similar stream chemistry and tree populations before Ca amendment. Ca-amended soil had higher Ca and P, and lower Al and acidity as compared with the reference soils. Analysis of bacterial populations by PhyloChip revealed that the bacterial community structure in the Ca-amended and the reference soils was significantly different and that the differences were more pronounced in the mineral soils. Overall, the relative abundance of 300 taxa was significantly affected. Numbers of detectable taxa in families such as Acidobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae were lower in the Ca-amended soils, while Flavobacteriaceae and Geobacteraceae were higher. The other functionally important groups, e.g. ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosomonadaceae, had lower numbers of taxa in the Ca-amended organic soil but higher in the mineral soil. C1 [Minocha, Rakesh] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sridevi, Ganapathi; Turlapati, Swathi A.; Minocha, Subhash C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Goldfarb, Katherine C.; Brodie, Eoin L.] Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Tisa, Louis S.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rminocha@unh.edu RI Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008 OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435 FU US Department of Energy, at the University of California, Berkeley, CA [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC) FX We thank Stephanie Long and Kenneth Dudzik for help in the collection of soil samples and for editing of the manuscript, and Lindsey Lemire and Matt Power (undergraduates) for help in plasmid isolations for bacterial library work. We also thank Dr Jo Handelsman, Dr Thomas Isenberger, and Dr Kevin Smith for their valuable suggestions during this study. A part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, at the University of California, Berkeley, CA under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is owned and operated by the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, and this study was part of the ongoing HBEF LTER study (www.hubbardbrook.org). The Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC) provided partial funding for this research. Maine Soil Testing Service, University of ME is acknowledged for their help in soil analysis. This paper is scientific contribution Number 2365 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 79 IS 3 BP 728 EP 740 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01258.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 878LA UT WOS:000299257300015 PM 22098093 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Hasan, ST Cowan, D Ricciarelli, R Azzi, A Meydani, M AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Hasan, Syeda T. Cowan, Danica Ricciarelli, Roberta Azzi, Angelo Meydani, Mohsen TI Regulatory effects of curcumin on lipid accumulation in monocytes/macrophages SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CURCUMIN; TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN; FOXO3a; LIPIDS; MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES ID HUMAN THP-1 MACROPHAGES; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; HIGH-FAT DIET; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LDL RECEPTOR; OXIDIZED LDL AB Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in protecting against atherosclerosis and inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms of these actions are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether the dietary polyphenol curcumin can modulate the accumulation of lipids in monocytes/macrophages. Curcumin increased the expression of two lipid transport genes, the fatty acids transporter CD36/FAT and the fatty acids binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2; P<0.05), leading to increased lipid levels in THP-1 and RAW264.7 monocytes and macrophages (P<0.05). To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved, we assessed the activity of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), a transcription factor centrally involved in regulating several stress resistance and lipid transport genes. Curcumin increased FOXO3a-mediated gene expression by twofold (P<0.05), possibly as a result of influencing FOXO3a phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The curcumin derivative, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), with similar chemical antioxidant activity as curcumin, did not show any measurable effects. In contrast to the in vitro results, curcumin showed a trend for reduction of lipid levels in peritoneal macrophages in LDL receptor knockout mice fed a high fat diet for 4 months, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms in vivo. Thus, the up-regulation of FOXO3a activity by curcumin could be a mechanism to protect against oxidant- and lipid-induced damage in the inflammatory cells of the vascular system. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 833840, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc] Tufts Univ, Off 621, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ricciarelli, Roberta] Univ Genoa, Dept Expt Med, Genoa, Italy. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Off 621, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jean-marc.zingg@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA/USDA) [2010-65200-20395] FX Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture; Grant number: 58-1950-7-707; Grant sponsor: National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA/USDA); Grant number: 2010-65200-20395. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 113 IS 3 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.1002/jcb.23411 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 879ND UT WOS:000299335700013 PM 22021079 ER PT J AU Hogsette, JA Urech, R Green, PE Skerman, A Elson-Harris, MM Bright, RL Brown, GW AF Hogsette, J. A. Urech, R. Green, P. E. Skerman, A. Elson-Harris, M. M. Bright, R. L. Brown, G. W. TI Nuisance flies on Australian cattle feedlots: immature populations SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans; development sites; management; seasonality; species composition ID HOUSE-FLY DIPTERA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS DIPTERA; STABLE FLIES; BEEF-CATTLE; EASTERN NEBRASKA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; DEVELOPMENTAL SITES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MUSCIDAE AB Species composition, seasonality and distribution of immature fly populations on a southern Queensland feedlot during 20012003 were determined. Similar data were collected on feedlots in central New South Wales and central Queensland. The fly species recovered in the highest numbers were Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Physiphora clausa Macquart (Diptera: Ulidiidae). Houseflies were the dominant species at all feedlots. Houseflies preferred the warmer months from October to June, but stable flies preferred the cooler months and peaked in spring (SeptemberNovember) and autumn (MarchMay). Larval abundance ratings recorded in the feedlot and numbers of larvae extracted in the laboratory from corresponding samples followed similar trends. Larvae of M. domestica were most abundant in the hospital and induction area and least abundant in horse stables and yards. Pupae of M. domestica were abundant in the hospital and induction area and drains, but least abundant in horse stables and yards. Larvae of S. calcitrans were most abundant in drains and least abundant in horse stables and yards. Pupae of S. calcitrans were most numerous in drains and least numerous in old cattle pens. Feedlot design and management had little effect on fly reduction. C1 [Hogsette, J. A.] ARS, USDA, CMAV E, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Urech, R.; Green, P. E.; Elson-Harris, M. M.; Bright, R. L.; Brown, G. W.] Agri Sci Queensland, Yeerongpilly, Qld, Australia. [Skerman, A.] Agri Sci Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. RP Hogsette, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAV E, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jerry.hogsette@ars.usda.gov FU Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) FX Funding for this study was provided by Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA). We thank Des Rinehart (MLA) for technical advice and the feedlot owners for the use of their facilities. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00981.x PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 879MK UT WOS:000299333500007 PM 22035065 ER PT J AU Wang, TTY Schoene, NW Milner, JA Kim, YS AF Wang, Thomas T. Y. Schoene, Norberta W. Milner, John A. Kim, Young S. TI Broccoli-derived phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane exerts concentration-dependent pleiotropic effects on prostate cancer cells: Comparison with other cancer preventive phytochemicals SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE broccoli; indoles; mechanisms; prevention; prostate cancer ID NF-KAPPA-B; ANDROGEN-RESPONSIVE GENES; IN-VIVO; 3,3'-DIINDOLYLMETHANE CONTRIBUTES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; MOLECULAR TARGETS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INDUCE APOPTOSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DOWN-REGULATION AB In the present studies, we utilized prostate cancer cell culture models to elucidate the mechanisms of action of broccoli-derived phytochemicals 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C). We found DIM and I3C at 1-5 mu M inhibited androgen and estrogen-mediated pathways and induced xenobiotic metabolism pathway. By contrast, DIM and I3C induced cyclin inhibitors, indicators of stress/DNA damage, only at =25 >=mu M. We also demonstrated that an inhibitory effect of DIM and I3C on cell growth involves inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression. More importantly, we showed that differences in efficacies and mechanisms existed between DIM and I3C. These included differences in effective concentrations, a differential effect on androgen receptor binding, and a differential effect on xenobiotic metabolic pathway through aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent and -independent mechanism. Furthermore we determined that several other diet-derived cancer protective compounds, similar to DIM and I3C, exhibited pleiotrophic effects on signaling pathways that included proliferation, cell cycle, and nuclear receptors-mediated pathways. However, the efficacies and mechanisms of these compounds vary. We also showed that some cellular pathways are not likely to be affected by DIM or I3C when circulating concentration of orally ingested DIM or I3C is considered. Based on our results, a model for cancer protective effects of DIM and I3C was proposed. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wang, Thomas T. Y.; Schoene, Norberta W.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Milner, John A.; Kim, Young S.] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU U.S appropriated funds [1235-51530-052-00]; National Cancer Institute FX This work was supported by U.S appropriated funds to USDA project number 1235-51530-052-00 (T.T.Y.W., N.W.S.) and the National Cancer Institute (J.M., Y.S.K.). NR 55 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 51 IS 3 BP 244 EP 256 DI 10.1002/mc.20774 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 875LT UT WOS:000299032100003 PM 21520295 ER PT J AU Pan, ZL Qu, WJ Ma, HL Atungulu, GG McHugh, TH AF Pan, Zhongli Qu, Wenjuan Ma, Haile Atungulu, Griffiths G. McHugh, Tara H. TI Continuous and pulsed ultrasound-assisted extractions of antioxidants from pomegranate peel SO ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pomegranate peel; Total phenolics; Ultrasonic extraction; Antioxidant activity; Kinetics ID NUCIFERA SHELL POWDER; PUNICA-GRANATUM PEEL; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; BY-PRODUCTS; JUICE; PARAMETERS; CANCER AB There is a great demand for developing efficient extraction methods in order to reduce extraction time and increase the yield and activity of functional antioxidants. The yields, activities, and extraction kinetics of antioxidants from the dry peel of pomegranate marc were studied using ultrasound-assisted extraction in continuous and pulsed modes and the results were compared with conventional extraction (CE) at a temperature of 25 +/- 2 degrees C and water/peel ratio of 50/1, w/w. The studied factors were intensity level and treatment time for continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction (CUAE), and intensity level, number of pulse repetition, and pulse duration and interval for pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction (PUAE). The results showed that all factors significantly affected the antioxidant yield, but only treatment time had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity. Compared to CE. PUAE at an intensity level of 59.2 W/cm(2), and a pulse duration of 5 s and a resting interval of 5 s increased the antioxidant yield by 22% and reduced the extraction time by 87%. Similarly, CUAE at the same intensity level increased the antioxidant yield by 24% and reduced the extraction time by 90%. Since PUAE had 50% energy saving compared to CUAE, we recommend using PUAE for the extraction with antioxidant yield of 14.5% and DPPH scavenging activity of 5.8 g/g. A second-order kinetic model was successfully developed for describing the mechanism of ultrasound-assisted extractions under PUAE and CUAE. This research clearly demonstrated the superiority of PUAE for producing antioxidants from peel of pomegranate marc. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pan, Zhongli; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, USDA, W Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Qu, Wenjuan; Ma, Haile] Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli; Qu, Wenjuan; Atungulu, Griffiths G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, USDA, W Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Zhongli.Pan@ars.usda.gov; quwenjuan2005@yahoo.com.cn FU Jiangsu University Research, China [1281360014] FX This research was conducted at the Western Regional Research Center of USDA-ARS and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA. The authors wish to thank for the support from initial funding from Jiangsu University Research (1281360014), China and Mr. Donald Olson for his technical support. The authors also wish to extend thanks to Stiebs pomegranate Inc. for providing the pomegranate marc materials. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 10 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4177 J9 ULTRASON SONOCHEM JI Ultrason. Sonochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.05.015 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Chemistry GA 836NY UT WOS:000296119600022 PM 21784689 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Strahan, GD Mukhopadhyay, S Hotchkiss, AT Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Strahan, Gary D. Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Hotchkiss, Arland T. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Formation of corn fiber gum-milk protein conjugates and their molecular characterization SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Hydrocolloids Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2010 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Corn fiber; Arabinoxylan; Emulsions; Emulsifier; Homogenization; Conjugation ID EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; EMULSION STABILITY; MAILLARD REACTION; DIFFUSION; DEXTRAN; FUNCTIONALITY; SPECTROSCOPY; MOTION; SIZE AB Corn fiber arabinoxylan is hemicellulose B isolated from the fibrous portions (pericarp, tip cap, and endosperm cell wall fractions) of corn kernels and is commonly referred to as corn fiber gum (CFG). Our previous studies showed that CFG isolated from corn bran (a byproduct of corn dry milling) contains very little protein and is an inferior emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsion systems as compared to corn fiber gum isolated from corn fiber derived from the corn wet-milling process. The protein deficient CFG isolated from corn bran was covalently conjugated with byproducts of cheese processing, beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and whey protein isolate (WPI) using an economical food-gradeMaillard-type heating reaction for the purpose of increasing their commercialization potential as a food emulsifier and soluble nutritional additive in beverages. The formation of the CFG-protein conjugates has been confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It has also been demonstrated that CFG-protein conjugates are capable of producing fine emulsions with better stability than either CFG or protein alone. The molecular characterization of CFG-protein conjugates was performed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled to on-line multi-angle laser light scattering and viscometric detection. The analysis by HPSEC revealed that CFG-protein conjugates had higher weight-average molar mass (M-w, 340-359 kDa) and polydispersity (M-w/M-n, 1.74) than the corresponding unconjugated CFG (M-w, 290 kDa and M-w/M-n, 1.35). The z-average root-mean-square radius of gyration (R-gz) of CFG-protein conjugates was slightly higher (30.5-33.5 nm) in comparison to CFG (29.5 nm) but their weight-average-intrinsic viscosity (eta) remained unchanged (about 1.32 dL g(-1)). The Mark-Houwink exponent "a" of conjugates (0.40) was lower than the unconjugated CFG (0.53) indicating the formation of a more compact structure after conjugation with protein. These findings should benefit the beverage industry, which can use this information to produce a high quality emulsifier from the low-value byproducts of corn dry milling and cheese processing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yadav, Madhav P.; Strahan, Gary D.; Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan; Hotchkiss, Arland T.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X EI 1873-7137 J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD MAR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.02.032 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 831ML UT WOS:000295735000002 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TETRACHA CAROLINA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: CICINDELINAE) AS A PREDATOR OF GROUND-SURFACE ARTHROPODS IN AN OLD-FIELD HABITAT SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TWOLINED SPITTLEBUG HEMIPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; CERCOPIDAE; BEETLES; LARVAE; DELTA C1 [Young, Orrey P.] USDA ARS, So Field Crop Insect Management Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM ory2pam@verizon.net NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 122 IS 2 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 987OZ UT WOS:000307428300014 ER PT J AU Maan, NS Maan, S Belaganahalli, MN Ostlund, EN Johnson, DJ Nomikou, K Mertens, PPC AF Maan, Narender S. Maan, Sushila Belaganahalli, Manjunatha N. Ostlund, Eileen N. Johnson, Donna J. Nomikou, Kyriaki Mertens, Peter P. C. TI Identification and Differentiation of the Twenty Six Bluetongue Virus Serotypes by RT-PCR Amplification of the Serotype-Specific Genome Segment 2 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; EUROPE; ORBIVIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; PROTEINS; CATTLE AB Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease, which primarily affects ruminants in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Twenty six bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes have been recognised worldwide, including nine from Europe and fifteen in the United States. Identification of BTV serotype is important for vaccination programmes and for BTV epidemiology studies. Traditional typing methods (virus isolation and serum or virus neutralisation tests (SNT or VNT)) are slow (taking weeks, depend on availability of reference virus-strains or antisera) and can be inconclusive. Nucleotide sequence analyses and phylogenetic comparisons of genome segment 2 (Seg-2) encoding BTV outer-capsid protein VP2 (the primary determinant of virus serotype) were completed for reference strains of BTV-1 to 26, as well as multiple additional isolates from different geographic and temporal origins. The resulting Seg-2 database has been used to develop rapid (within 24 h) and reliable RT-PCR-based typing assays for each BTV type. Multiple primer-pairs (at least three designed for each serotype) were widely tested, providing an initial identification of serotype by amplification of a cDNA product of the expected size. Serotype was confirmed by sequencing of the cDNA amplicons and phylogenetic comparisons to previously characterised reference strains. The results from RT-PCR and sequencing were in perfect agreement with VNT for reference strains of all 26 BTV serotypes, as well as the field isolates tested. The serotype-specific primers showed no cross-amplification with reference strains of the remaining 25 serotypes, or multiple other isolates of the more closely related heterologous BTV types. The primers and RT-PCR assays developed in this study provide a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for the identification and differentiation of the twenty-six BTV serotypes, and will be updated periodically to maintain their relevance to current BTV distribution and epidemiology (http://www.reoviridae.org/dsRNA_virus_proteins/ReoID/rt-pcr-primers.htm). C1 [Maan, Narender S.; Maan, Sushila; Belaganahalli, Manjunatha N.; Nomikou, Kyriaki; Mertens, Peter P. C.] Inst Anim Hlth, Vector Borne Viral Dis Programme, Arbovirus Mol Res Grp, Woking, Surrey, England. [Ostlund, Eileen N.; Johnson, Donna J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Maan, NS (reprint author), LLR Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Hisar, Haryana, India. EM peter.mertens@iah.ac.uk RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014; Nomikou, Kyriaki/Q-5555-2016; OI Nomikou, Kyriaki/0000-0002-7013-1853; Mertens, Peter/0000-0002-3438-3738; Belaganahalli, Manjunatha/0000-0003-3401-5799 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); European Union (EU) [SANCO/940/2002]; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [SE2617]; Wellcome BTV; Commonwealth Scholarship Commission; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work was partly funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the European Union (EU) (SANCO/940/2002) awarded to NSM and PM. This work was also partly funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)(SE2617) awarded to SM; KN was involved in this study and is funded by a Wellcome BTV Programme grant (http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/). For some of this work, MB was funded by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/), and EO and DJ were funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e32601 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032601 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928RC UT WOS:000302999600050 PM 22389711 ER PT J AU Poland, JA Brown, PJ Sorrells, ME Jannink, JL AF Poland, Jesse A. Brown, Patrick J. Sorrells, Mark E. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Development of High-Density Genetic Maps for Barley and Wheat Using a Novel Two-Enzyme Genotyping-by-Sequencing Approach SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM DISCOVERY; THROUGHPUT SNP DISCOVERY; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE MAP; RAD MARKERS; POPULATION; SELECTION AB Advancements in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled whole genome re-sequencing in many species providing unprecedented discovery and characterization of molecular polymorphisms. There are limitations, however, to next-generation sequencing approaches for species with large complex genomes such as barley and wheat. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has been developed as a tool for association studies and genomics-assisted breeding in a range of species including those with complex genomes. GBS uses restriction enzymes for targeted complexity reduction followed by multiplex sequencing to produce high-quality polymorphism data at a relatively low per sample cost. Here we present a GBS approach for species that currently lack a reference genome sequence. We developed a novel two-enzyme GBS protocol and genotyped bi-parental barley and wheat populations to develop a genetically anchored reference map of identified SNPs and tags. We were able to map over 34,000 SNPs and 240,000 tags onto the Oregon Wolfe Barley reference map, and 20,000 SNPs and 367,000 tags on the Synthetic W9784xOpata85 (SynOpDH) wheat reference map. To further evaluate GBS in wheat, we also constructed a de novo genetic map using only SNP markers from the GBS data. The GBS approach presented here provides a powerful method of developing high-density markers in species without a sequenced genome while providing valuable tools for anchoring and ordering physical maps and whole-genome shotgun sequence. Development of the sequenced reference genome(s) will in turn increase the utility of GBS data enabling physical mapping of genes and haplotype imputation of missing data. Finally, as a result of low per-sample costs, GBS will have broad application in genomics-assisted plant breeding programs. C1 [Poland, Jesse A.] ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Poland, Jesse A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Brown, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sorrells, Mark E.; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Poland, JA (reprint author), ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jpoland@ksu.edu OI Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 FU United States 282 Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service [5430-283 21000-005-00]; USDA NIFA 284 NRI CAP [2009-85606-05701]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; USDA- NIFA NRI CAP [286 2005-05130, 287 2011-68002-30029] FX Funding for this research was provided by United States 282 Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (Appropriation No. 5430-283 21000-005-00), the Barley Coordinated Agriculture Project (BarleyCAP - USDA NIFA 284 NRI CAP grant No. 2009-85606-05701), The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the 285 Wheat Coordinated Agriculture Project (WheatCAP; USDA- NIFA NRI CAP grant No. 286 2005-05130), and the Triticeae Coordinated Agriculture Project (USDA-NIFA, NRI CAP No. 287 2011-68002-30029). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and 288 analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names is 289 for research purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USDA. NR 31 TC 335 Z9 341 U1 24 U2 255 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e32253 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032253 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928RC UT WOS:000302999600028 PM 22389690 ER PT J AU Holmes, TRH Jackson, TJ Reichle, RH Basara, JB AF Holmes, Thomas R. H. Jackson, Thomas J. Reichle, Rolf H. Basara, Jeffrey B. TI An assessment of surface soil temperature products from numerical weather prediction models using ground-based measurements SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; PARAMETERIZATION; SALINITY; NETWORK; MISSION; SPACE AB Surface soil temperature estimates at approximately 0.05 m depth are needed to retrieve soil moisture from the planned Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L-band (1.4 GHz) satellite. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems as operated by various weather centers produce global estimates of soil temperature. In this study in situ data collected over the state of Oklahoma are used to assess surface (soil) temperature from three NWP systems: (1) the integrated forecast system from the European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), (2) the modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA) from the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, and (3) the global data assimilation system used by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The results are presented by hour of day with specific attention directed to the SMAP early morning overpass time at around 6 A. M. local time, and the period of 1 April to 1 October 2009. It was found that the NWP systems estimate the 0.05 m soil temperature at this time of day with an overall root mean square error of 1.9 to 2.0 K. It is shown that this error can be reduced to 1.6 to 1.8 K when differences between the modeling and measurement depth are accounted for by synchronizing each NWP set to match the mean phase of the in situ data and adjusting the amplitude in accordance with heat flow principles. These results indicate that with little calibration all products meet the SMAP error budget criteria over Oklahoma. C1 [Holmes, Thomas R. H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Basara, Jeffrey B.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Reichle, Rolf H.] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Holmes, TRH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Rm 104,Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thomas.holmes@ars.usda.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008; Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844; Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079 FU State of OK through the OK State Regents for Higher Education; State of OK through the OK Department of Public Safety; NASA SMAP Science Definition Team FX The authors would like to thank the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the GES DISC (both at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) for the dissemination of MERRA; the taxpayers of the State of OK for funding the OK mesonet through the OK State Regents for Higher Education and the OK Department of Public Safety; the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) for the dissemination of their data (by way of the SMAP Test bed), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction for dissemination of GDAS data (by way of Hiroko Beaudoing of NASA's Hydrological Science Branch). Rolf Reichle was funded by the NASA SMAP Science Definition Team. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W02531 DI 10.1029/2011WR010538 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 903QJ UT WOS:000301133200001 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Harpster, MH Wilson, WC Johnson, PA AF Zhang, Hao Harpster, Mark H. Wilson, William C. Johnson, Patrick A. TI Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of DNAs Derived from Virus Genomes Using Au-Coated Paramagnetic Nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; SEPARATION TOOLS; SERS; MICROARRAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; IMMUNOASSAY; EXPRESSION; HYBRIDIZATION; BIOSENSORS; PROBES AB A magnetic capture-based, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) assay for DNA detection has been developed which utilizes Au-coated paramagnetic nanoparticles (Au@PMPs) as both a SERS substrate and effective bioseparation reagent for the selective removal of target DNAs from solution. Hybridization reactions contained two target DNAs, sequence complementary reporter probes conjugated with spectrally distinct Raman dyes distinct for each target, and Au@PMPs conjugated with sequence complementary capture probes. In this case, target DNAs were derived from the RNA genomes of the Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) or West Nile virus (WNV). The hybridization reactions were incubated for a short period and then concentrated within the focus beam of an interrogating laser by magnetic pull-down. The attendant SERS response of each individually captured DNA provided a limit of detection sensitivity in the range 20-100 nM. X-ray diffraction and UV-vis analysis validated both the desired surface plasmon resonance properties and bimetallic composition of synthesized Au@PMPs, and UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed conjugation of the Raman dye compounds malachite green (MG) and erythrosin B (EB) with the RVFV and WNV reporter probes, respectively. Finally, hybridization reactions assembled for multiplexed detection of both targets yielded mixed MG/EB spectra and clearly differentiated peaks which facilitate the quantitative detection of each DNA target. On the basis of the simple design of a single-particle DNA detection assay, the opportunity is provided to develop magnetic capture-based SERS assays that are easily assembled and adapted for high-level multiplex detection using low-cost Raman instrumentation. C1 [Zhang, Hao; Harpster, Mark H.; Johnson, Patrick A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wilson, William C.] ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM pjohns27@uwyo.edu FU Kansas Bioscience Authority (KBA) ARS [5430-5430-1-403]; USDA-Agriculture Research Service (ARS) [5430-5430-001-00D] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Kansas Bioscience Authority (KBA) ARS #5430-5430-1-403 (Olathe, KS) and the USDA-Agriculture Research Service (ARS) #5430-5430-001-00D. The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the KBA or the USDA. NR 55 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 8 BP 4030 EP 4037 DI 10.1021/la204890t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 898QU UT WOS:000300757700045 PM 22276995 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Chen, AC AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Chen, Andrew C. TI Acetylcholinesterase of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae): cDNA sequence, baculovirus expression, and biochemical properties SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stable fly; Acetylcholinesterse; S. calcitrans; Organophosphate; Resistance ID STABLE FLY DIPTERA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PREDICTION; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS; MECHANISM; BMACHE3; PROTEIN AB A 2193-nucleotide cDNA encoding acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L) was sequenced and expressed in the baculovirus system. The open reading frame encoded a 91 amino acid secretion signal peptide and a 613 amino acid mature protein with 96% and 94% identity to the AChEs of Haematobia irritans (L) and Musca domestica (L), respectively. Structural characteristics of M. domestica, H. irritans, and Drosophila melanogaster AChEs were conserved in the S. calcitrans AChE. The recombinant enzyme was inhibited by eserine, coroxon, and paraoxon and exhibited K-m values of 63.9 mu M for acetylthiocholine and 96.7 mu M for butyrylthiocholine, confirming its biochemical identity as an acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). These data will enable rapid identification and assay for mutations that reduce AChE sensitivity to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, potentially aiding resistance management efforts to prevent fixation of the mutations in pest populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Temeyer, Kevin B.; Chen, Andrew C.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Kevin.Temeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 184 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.007 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 887ZK UT WOS:000299973400013 PM 21872994 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Tolk, Judy A. Howell, Terry A. TI Sunflower water productivity in four Great Plains soils SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water productivity; Irrigation water productivity; Helianthus annuus; Soil-plant-water relationships; Lysimeter; Soil texture ID DEFICIT IRRIGATION; USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-SORGHUM; YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ENVIRONMENT; EXTRACTION; CLIMATE; ANNUUS; GROWTH AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a drought-adapted crop whose short growing season reduces irrigation requirements which makes it ideal for regions with limited irrigation water supplies. Our objectives were to (a) evaluate the yield (Y) potential of sunflower under full and deficit irrigation (IR), (b) determine if water productivity (WP) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of sunflower were affected by soil textural class differences and (c) compare the WP relationship to a benchmark maximum productivity relationship for consideration of limitations to crop yield in a semiarid environment. Sunflower was grown in 2008 and 2009 in 48 weighing lysimeters under an automated rain shelter containing soil monoliths of four regional soils - clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam or fine sand (12 each) - at Bushland, TX, USA, a semiarid region of the southern Great Plains. Irrigation treatments were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement of evapotranspiration. The regression of IR:Y for all soil textural classes showed that irrigation increased yield by 0.47 g m(-2) mm(-1) in 2008 and 0.51 g m(-2) mm(-1) in 2009. Averaged across irrigation treatments, the WP of the crops in the fine sand (0.54 kg m(-3)) was larger than that of the crops in the silt loam (0.46 kg m(-3)) and clay loam (0.44 kg m(-3)). The IWP of the crops in the fine sand (1.0 kg m(-3)) and the sandy loam (0.96 kg m(-3)) were significantly larger than the IWP of the crops in the clay loam (0.72 kg m(-3)). Yields were as much as 30% lower at full irrigation levels compared with benchmark maximum yields. Probable limitations to increased yield include high evaporative deficits and soil water evaporation. Although sunflower may be a drought-adapted crop, maximum yields may be difficult to achieve due to the climatic conditions in the southern Great Plains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tolk, Judy A.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Judy.Tolk@ars.usda.gov FU Ogallala Aquifer Program FX This research was supported in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 27 PY 2012 VL 127 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.012 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 898RC UT WOS:000300758500014 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Oi, DH Yu, FH Tan, XX Buss, EA AF Valles, Steven M. Oi, David H. Yu, Fahong Tan, Xin-Xing Buss, Eileen A. TI Metatranscriptomics and Pyrosequencing Facilitate Discovery of Potential Viral Natural Enemies of the Invasive Caribbean Crazy Ant, Nylanderia pubens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; STRAND RNA VIRUS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; GENOME SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; DRAFT GENOME; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS AB Background: Nylanderia pubens (Forel) is an invasive ant species that in recent years has developed into a serious nuisance problem in the Caribbean and United States. A rapidly expanding range, explosive localized population growth, and control difficulties have elevated this ant to pest status. Professional entomologists and the pest control industry in the United States are urgently trying to understand its biology and develop effective control methods. Currently, no known biological-based control agents are available for use in controlling N. pubens. Methodology and Principal Findings: Metagenomics and pyrosequencing techniques were employed to examine the transcriptome of field-collected N. pubens colonies in an effort to identify virus infections with potential to serve as control agents against this pest ant. Pyrosequencing (454-platform) of a non-normalized N. pubens expression library generated 1,306,177 raw sequence reads comprising 450 Mbp. Assembly resulted in generation of 59,017 non-redundant sequences, including 27,348 contigs and 31,669 singlets. BLAST analysis of these non-redundant sequences identified 51 of potential viral origin. Additional analyses winnowed this list of potential viruses to three that appear to replicate in N. pubens. Conclusions: Pyrosequencing the transcriptome of field-collected samples of N. pubens has identified at least three sequences that are likely of viral origin and, in which, N. pubens serves as host. In addition, the N. pubens transcriptome provides a genetic resource for the scientific community which is especially important at this early stage of developing a knowledgebase for this new pest. C1 [Valles, Steven M.; Oi, David H.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Yu, Fahong] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Tan, Xin-Xing] SeqWright, Houston, TX USA. [Buss, Eileen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA [2010-34135-21096] FX This research was funded by the USDA-NIFA Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural Research Award # 2010-34135-21096. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31828 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031828 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927OV UT WOS:000302918500040 PM 22384082 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Triplett, BA Zhang, HB Lee, MK Hinchliffe, DJ Li, P Fang, DD AF Kim, Hee Jin Triplett, Barbara A. Zhang, Hong-Bin Lee, Mi-Kyung Hinchliffe, Doug J. Li, Ping Fang, David D. TI Cloning and characterization of homeologous cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 2 genes from allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Cellulose biosynthesis; Cellulose synthase catalytic subunit; Cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; Secondary cell wall ID CELLULOSE SYNTHASE; DUPLICATED GENES; CELL-WALL; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; POLYPLOID COTTON; HIGHER-PLANTS; FIBER; EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CesAs) are the catalytic sites within a multisubunit complex for cellulose biosynthesis in plants. CesAs have been extensively studied in diploid plants, but are not well characterized in polyploid plants. Gossypium hirsutum is an allotetraploid cotton species producing over 90% of the world's cotton fibers. Although G. hirsutum CesAs (GhCesAs) are responsible for cellulose production in cotton fiber, very limited numbers of GhCesA genes have been identified. Here, we report isolating and characterizing a pair of homeologous CesA2 genes and their full-length cDNAs from allotetraploid cotton. The GhCesA2-A(T) gene from the A-subgenome and GhCesA2-D-T gene from the D-subgenome were screened from a G. hirsutum BAC library. These genes shared 92% sequence similarity throughout the entire sequence. The coding sequences were nearly identical, and the deduced amino acid sequences from GhCesA2-A(T) (1,039 amino acids) and GhCesA2-D-T (1,040 amino acids) were identical except four amino acids, whereas the noncoding sequences showed divergence. Sequence analyses showed that all exons of GhCesA2-A(T) contained consensus splice donor dinucleotides, but one exon in GhCesA2-D-T contained nonconsensus splice donor dinucleotides. Although the nonconsensus splice donor dinucleotides were previously suggested to be involved in alternative splice or pseudogenization, our results showed that a majority of GhCesA2-A(T) and GhCesA2-DT transcripts consisted of functional and full-length transcripts with little evidence for alternative mRNA isoforms in developing cotton fibers. Expression analyses showed that GhCesA2-A(T) and GhCesA2-D-T shared common temporal and spatial expression patterns, and they were highly and preferentially expressed during the cellulose biosynthesis stage in developing cotton fibers. The observations of higher expression levels of both GhCesA2-A(T) and GhCesA2-D-T in developing fibers of one near-isogenic line (NIL) with higher fiber bundle strength over the other NIL with lower fiber bundle strength suggested that the differential expression of genes associated with secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis in developing fiber might affect cotton fiber properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, Hee Jin; Triplett, Barbara A.; Hinchliffe, Doug J.; Li, Ping; Fang, David D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Zhang, Hong-Bin; Lee, Mi-Kyung] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM heejin.kim@ars.usda.gov OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 FU USDA-ARS; National Science Foundation; Cotton Incorporated FX This work was supported by the USDA-ARS, the National Science Foundation, and the Louisiana State Support Program of Cotton Incorporated. The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Richard Percy and Lori Hinze from USDA-ARS-SPARC for providing genomic DNAs of diploid cotton species and Ms. Fanny Liu from USDA-ARS-MSA for sequencing BAC clones. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD FEB 25 PY 2012 VL 494 IS 2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.018 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 903DT UT WOS:000301096900005 PM 22200568 ER PT J AU Rice, WC Galyean, ML Cox, SB Dowd, SE Cole, NA AF Rice, William C. Galyean, Michael L. Cox, Stephen B. Dowd, Scot E. Cole, N. Andy TI Influence of wet distillers grains diets on beef cattle fecal bacterial community structure SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SPECIES RICHNESS; MANURE SLURRIES; SOLUBLES; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; FECES; MONENSIN AB The high demand for ethanol in the U.S. has generated large stocks of wet distillers grains (DG), a byproduct from the manufacture of ethanol from corn and sorghum grains. Little is known, however, about the potential influence of dietary DG on fecal microbial community structure. A better understanding of the microbial population in beef cattle feces could be an important monitoring tool to facilitate goals of improving nutrient management, increasing animal growth performance and decreasing odors and/or shedding of pathogens. Five diets consisting of a traditional diet fed to finishing beef cattle in the Southern High Plains of Texas-CON (steam-flaked corn control with 0% DG), and four concentrations of DG in the dietary dry matter; 10 C (10% corn-based DG), 5S (5% sorghum-based DG), 10S (10% sorghum DG), and 15S (15% sorghum DG) were fed to steers at the Texas Tech University Burnett Animal Center. Diets were essentially isonitrogenous with a formulated crude protein value of 13.5%. Results: Fecal grab samples were obtained from 20 steers (n = 4 per diet) and the barcoded DNA pyrosequencing method was used to generate 127,530 16S operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 24 phyla were observed, distributed amongst all beef cattle on all diets, revealing considerable animal to animal variation, however only six phyla (core set) were observed in all animals regardless of dietary treatment. The average abundance and range of abundance, respectively of the core phyla were as follows: Firmicutes (61%, 19 to 83%), Bacteroidetes (28%, 11 to 63%), Proteobacteria (3%, 0.34 to 17.5%), Tenericutes (0.15%, 0.0 to 0.35%), Nitrospirae (0.11%, 0.03 to 0.22%), and Fusobacteria (0.086%, 0.017 to 0.38%). Feeding DG-based diets resulted in significant shifts in the fecal microbial community structure compared with the traditional CON. Four low abundance phyla significantly responded to dietary treatments: Synergistetes (p = 0.01), WS3 (p = 0.054), Actinobacteria (p = 0.06), and Spirochaetes (p = 0.06). Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the first study using this method to survey the fecal microbiome of beef cattle fed various concentrations of wet DG. Comparison of our results with other cattle DNA sequencing studies of beef and dairy cattle feces from a variety of geographical locations and different management practices identifies a core set of three phyla shared across all cattle. These three phyla, in order of relative abundance are; Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The presence of large animal-to-animal variation in cattle microbiome was noted in our study as well as by others. C1 [Rice, William C.; Cole, N. Andy] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Galyean, Michael L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cox, Stephen B.] Res & Testing Labs, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Mol Res MR DNA, Shallowater, TX 79363 USA. RP Rice, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM william.rice@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD FEB 24 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-12-25 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 908IO UT WOS:000301484300001 PM 22364310 ER PT J AU Hanberry, BB He, HS Dey, DC AF Hanberry, B. B. He, H. S. Dey, D. C. TI Sample sizes and model comparison metrics for species distribution models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Correlation; Forest inventory and analysis; Intraclass correlation coefficient; Kappa ID PERFORMANCE; ACCURACY AB Species distribution models use small samples to produce continuous distribution maps. The question of how small a sample can be to produce an accurate model generally has been answered based on comparisons to maximum sample sizes of 200 observations or fewer. In addition, model comparisons often are made with the kappa statistic, which has become controversial. Therefore, we used sample sizes ranging from 30 to 2500 individuals to model 16 tree species or species groups in Minnesota's Laurentian Mixed Forest. We compared all smaller sample sizes to models for 2500 records and then 1000 records using Cohen's kappa, Pearson's r, Cronbach's alpha, and two intraclass correlation coefficients. We then began confirmation of our findings by repeating the process using a smaller extent in a different area, a portion of Missouri's Central Hardwoods. Although there are disadvantages to using the kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficients, due to conversion to categories or computation limitations respectively, the model comparison metrics produced similar results. Comparison values depend on the maximum sample size, and at sample sizes roughly around 10-20% of the maximum sample size, values will begin to decrease more rapidly. Models may not be very accurate below a sample size of 200, for our study areas, extents, and grains. Nonetheless, models based on small sample sizes still may provide information for rare species. We recommend using the full sample available for modeling, after using a partial sample for accuracy assessment. Future research is needed to confirm our findings for different areas, extents, grains, and species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanberry, B. B.; Dey, D. C.] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hanberry, BB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 203 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hanberryb@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX We received funding from the National Fire Plan of the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2012 VL 227 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.12.001 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902GG UT WOS:000301026000004 ER PT J AU Dainat, B Evans, JD Chen, YP Gauthier, L Neumann, P AF Dainat, Benjamin Evans, Jay D. Chen, Yan Ping Gauthier, Laurent Neumann, Peter TI Predictive Markers of Honey Bee Colony Collapse SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED WING VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; MITE VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; PARALYSIS VIRUS; NOSEMA-CERANAE; WINTER LOSSES; INNATE IMMUNE; VIRAL LOAD; RT-PCR; TRANSMISSION AB Across the Northern hemisphere, managed honey bee colonies, Apis mellifera, are currently affected by abrupt depopulation during winter and many factors are suspected to be involved, either alone or in combination. Parasites and pathogens are considered as principal actors, in particular the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, associated viruses and the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. Here we used long term monitoring of colonies and screening for eleven disease agents and genes involved in bee immunity and physiology to identify predictive markers of honeybee colony losses during winter. The data show that DWV, Nosema ceranae, Varroa destructor and Vitellogenin can be predictive markers for winter colony losses, but their predictive power strongly depends on the season. In particular, the data support that V. destructor is a key player for losses, arguably in line with its specific impact on the health of individual bees and colonies. C1 [Dainat, Benjamin; Gauthier, Laurent; Neumann, Peter] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Bern, Switzerland. [Evans, Jay D.; Chen, Yan Ping] ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Dainat, B (reprint author), Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Bern, Switzerland. EM benjamin.dainat@alp.admin.ch RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU Swiss Federal Veterinary Office FX This work was supported by a grant of the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 9 U2 155 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e32151 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032151 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927NZ UT WOS:000302916100055 PM 22384162 ER PT J AU Fan, ZL Wu, WH Hildebrand, A Kasuga, T Zhang, RF Xiong, XC AF Fan, Zhiliang Wu, Weihua Hildebrand, Amanda Kasuga, Takao Zhang, Ruifu Xiong, Xiaochao TI A Novel Biochemical Route for Fuels and Chemicals Production from Cellulosic Biomass SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; ENTNER-DOUDOROFF PATHWAY; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; CELLOBIOSE DEHYDROGENASE; BIOLOGICAL PRETREATMENT; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; DEGRADATION; WOOD AB The conventional biochemical platform featuring enzymatic hydrolysis involves five key steps: pretreatment, cellulase production, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and product recovery. Sugars are produced as reactive intermediates for subsequent fermentation to fuels and chemicals. Herein, an alternative biochemical route is proposed. Pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase production is consolidated into one single step, referred to as consolidated aerobic processing, and sugar aldonates are produced as the reactive intermediates for biofuels production by fermentation. In this study, we demonstrate the viability of consolidation of the enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase production steps in the new route using Neurospora crassa as the model microorganism and the conversion of cellulose to ethanol as the model system. We intended to prove the two hypotheses: 1) cellulose can be directed to produce cellobionate by reducing beta-glucosidase production and by enhancing cellobiose dehydrogenase production; and 2) both of the two hydrolysis products of cellobionate-glucose and gluconate-can be used as carbon sources for ethanol and other chemical production. Our results showed that knocking out multiple copies of beta-glucosidase genes led to cellobionate production from cellulose, without jeopardizing the cellulose hydrolysis rate. Simulating cellobiose dehydrogenase over-expression by addition of exogenous cellobiose dehydrogenase led to more cellobionate production. Both of the two hydrolysis products of cellobionate: glucose and gluconate can be used by Escherichia coli KO 11 for efficient ethanol production. They were utilized simultaneously in glucose and gluconate co-fermentation. Gluconate was used even faster than glucose. The results support the viability of the two hypotheses that lay the foundation for the proposed new route. C1 [Fan, Zhiliang; Wu, Weihua; Hildebrand, Amanda; Zhang, Ruifu; Xiong, Xiaochao] Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kasuga, Takao] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kasuga, Takao] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Zhang, Ruifu] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Nanjing, Jiangshu, Peoples R China. RP Fan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jzfan@ucdavis.edu FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67009-20060]; California Energy Commission [55779A/08-03] FX This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2011-67009-20060 from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture and California Energy Commission grant 55779A/08-03. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 41 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31693 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031693 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927NZ UT WOS:000302916100028 PM 22384058 ER PT J AU Prentice, AM Doherty, CP Abrams, SA Cox, SE Atkinson, SH Verhoef, H Armitage, AE Drakesmith, H AF Prentice, Andrew M. Doherty, Conor P. Abrams, Steven A. Cox, Sharon E. Atkinson, Sarah H. Verhoef, Hans Armitage, Andrew E. Drakesmith, Hal TI Hepcidin is the major predictor of erythrocyte iron incorporation in anemic African children SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID SERUM HEPCIDIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIAL ANEMIA; ABSORPTION; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; ERYTHROPOIESIS; HYPOFERREMIA AB Iron supplementation strategies in the developing world remain controversial because of fears of exacerbating prevalent infectious diseases. Understanding the conditions in which iron will be absorbed and incorporated into erythrocytes is therefore important. We studied Gambian children with either postmalarial or non-malarial anemia, who were given oral iron supplements daily for 30 days. Supplements administered on days 1 and 15 contained the stable iron isotopes Fe-57 and Fe-58, respectively, and erythrocyte incorporation was measured in blood samples drawn 14 days later. We investigated how the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin and other inflammatory/iron-related indices, all measured on the day of isotope administration, correlated with erythrocyte iron incorporation. In univariate analyses, hepcidin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) strongly predicted incorporation of Fe-57 given on day 1, while hepcidin, ferritin, and sTfR/log ferritin correlated with Fe-58 incorporation. In a final multivariate model, the most consistent predictor of erythrocyte isotope incorporation was hepcidin. We conclude that under conditions of competing signals (anemia, iron deficiency, and infection), hepcidin powerfully controls use of dietary iron. We suggest that low-cost point-of-care hepcidin assays would aid iron supplementation programs in the developing world. (Blood. 2012;119(8):1922-1928) C1 [Prentice, Andrew M.; Cox, Sharon E.; Verhoef, Hans] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MRC, Int Nutr Grp, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Prentice, Andrew M.; Cox, Sharon E.; Verhoef, Hans] MRC Keneba, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Doherty, Conor P.] Royal Hosp Sick Children, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Lanark, Scotland. [Abrams, Steven A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Atkinson, Sarah H.] Univ Oxford, Dept Paediat, Oxford, England. [Verhoef, Hans] Wageningen Univ, Cell Biol & Immunol Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Armitage, Andrew E.; Drakesmith, Hal] Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Prentice, AM (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MRC, Int Nutr Grp, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM andrew.prentice@lshtm.ac.uk OI Cox, Sharon/0000-0002-9908-2936; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU Wellcome Trust; MRC United Kingdom; Beit Memorial Fellowship for Medical Research; MRC FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the mothers and children who participated in the study. They thank The Wellcome Trust and the MRC United Kingdom for funding.; During this work, H.D. was funded by a Beit Memorial Fellowship for Medical Research and an MRC New Investigator Award. NR 41 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1922 EP 1928 DI 10.1182/blood-2011-11-391219 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 898CU UT WOS:000300713800022 PM 22228627 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE Mohamed, A Gordon, SH Xu, J AF Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E. Mohamed, Abdellatif Gordon, Sherald H. Xu, James TI Syntheses of Novel Protein Products (Milkglyde, Saliglyde, and Soyglyde) from Vegetable Epoxy Oils and Gliadin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oxirane triglycerides; milkweed oil; salicornia oil; soybean oil; gliadins; milkglyde; saliglyde; soyglyde; DSC; rheology; elastomer ID CELIAC-DISEASE; ACID AB The aqueous alcohol-soluble fraction of wheat gluten is gliadin. This component has been implicated as the causative principle in celiac disease, which is a physiological condition experienced by some infants and adults. The outcome of the ingestion of whole wheat products by susceptible individuals is malabsorption of nutrients resulting from loss of intestinal vii, the nutrient absorption regions of the digestive system. This leads to incessant diarrhea and weight loss in these individuals. Only recently has this health condition been properly recognized and accurately diagnosed in this country. The culprit gliadin is characterized by preponderant glutamine side-chain residues on the protein surface. Gliadin is commercially available as a wheat gluten extract, and in our search for new biobased and environmentally friendly products from renewable agricultural substrates, we have exploited the availability of the glutamine residues of gliadin as synthons to produce novel elastomeric nonfood products dubbed "milkglyde", "saliglyde", and soyglyde from milkweed, salicornia and soybean oils. The reaction is an amidolysis of the oxirane groups of derivatized milkweed, salicornia, and soybean oils under neat reaction conditions with the primary amide functionalties of glutamine to give the corresponding amidohyroxy gliadinyl triglycerides, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, and rheological data from a study of these products indicate properties similar to those of synthetic rubber. C1 [Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mohamed, Abdellatif; Gordon, Sherald H.; Xu, James] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Rogers.HarryOkuru@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 22 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 7 BP 1688 EP 1694 DI 10.1021/jf204701t PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 897IT UT WOS:000300644100013 PM 22250811 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Bannon, DI Wartelle, LH AF Uchimiya, Minori Bannon, Desmond I. Wartelle, Lynda H. TI Retention of Heavy Metals by Carboxyl Functional Groups of Biochars in Small Arms Range Soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biochar; surface functional group; oxidation; heavy metal; soil ID CHARRED PLANT FRAGMENTS; VOLCANIC ASH SOILS; BLACK CARBON; ACTIVATED CARBONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PARTICLE-SIZE; SANDY SOILS; NITRIC-ACID; SORPTION; OXIDATION AB Long-term effectiveness of biochar for heavy metal stabilization depends upon biochar's sorptive property and recalcitrance in soil. To understand the role of carboxyl functional groups on heavy metal stabilization, cottonseed hull biochar and flax shive steam-activated biochar having a low O/C ratio (0.04-0.06) and high fixed carbon content (similar to 80% dry weight basis) were oxidized using concentrated H2SO4/HNO3 and 30% HNO3. Oxidized and unoxidized biochars were characterized for O/C ratio, total acidity, pH, moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectral features. Characterized biochars were amended (2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% in grams of biochar per gram of soil) on a sandy, slightly acidic (pH 6.27) heavy metal contaminated small arms range soil fraction (<250 mu m) having low total organic carbon (0.518%) and low cation exchange capacity (0.95 cmol(c) kg(-1)). Oxidized biochars rich in carboxyl functional groups exhibited significantly greater Pb, Cu, and Zn stabilization ability compared to unoxidized biochars, especially in pH 4.9 acetate buffer (standard solution for the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure). Oppositely, only oxidized biochars caused desorption of Sb, indicating a counteracting impact of carboxyl functional groups on the solubility of anions and cations. The results suggested that appropriate selection of biochar oxidant will produce recalcitrant biochars rich in carboxyl functional groups for a long-term heavy metal stabilization strategy in contaminated soils. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Wartelle, Lynda H.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bannon, Desmond I.] USA, Toxicol Portfolio, Army Inst Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 11 U2 132 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 22 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 7 BP 1798 EP 1809 DI 10.1021/jf2047898 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 897IT UT WOS:000300644100026 PM 22280497 ER PT J AU Chagne, D Crowhurst, RN Troggio, M Davey, MW Gilmore, B Lawley, C Vanderzande, S Hellens, RP Kumar, S Cestaro, A Velasco, R Main, D Rees, JD Iezzoni, A Mockler, T Wilhelm, L Van de Weg, E Gardiner, SE Bassil, N Peace, C AF Chagne, David Crowhurst, Ross N. Troggio, Michela Davey, Mark W. Gilmore, Barbara Lawley, Cindy Vanderzande, Stijn Hellens, Roger P. Kumar, Satish Cestaro, Alessandro Velasco, Riccardo Main, Dorrie Rees, Jasper D. Iezzoni, Amy Mockler, Todd Wilhelm, Larry Van de Weg, Eric Gardiner, Susan E. Bassil, Nahla Peace, Cameron TI Genome-Wide SNP Detection, Validation, and Development of an 8K SNP Array for Apple SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MALUS-DOMESTICA; GENUS VITIS; SHELF-LIFE; FRUIT; MARKERS; DIVERSITY; DISCOVERY AB As high-throughput genetic marker screening systems are essential for a range of genetics studies and plant breeding applications, the International RosBREED SNP Consortium (IRSC) has utilized the Illumina Infinium (R) II system to develop a medium-to high-throughput SNP screening tool for genome-wide evaluation of allelic variation in apple (Malusxdomestica) breeding germplasm. For genome-wide SNP discovery, 27 apple cultivars were chosen to represent worldwide breeding germplasm and re-sequenced at low coverage with the Illumina Genome Analyzer II. Following alignment of these sequences to the whole genome sequence of 'Golden Delicious', SNPs were identified using SoapSNP. A total of 2,113,120 SNPs were detected, corresponding to one SNP to every 288 bp of the genome. The Illumina GoldenGate (R) assay was then used to validate a subset of 144 SNPs with a range of characteristics, using a set of 160 apple accessions. This validation assay enabled fine-tuning of the final subset of SNPs for the Illumina Infinium (R) II system. The set of stringent filtering criteria developed allowed choice of a set of SNPs that not only exhibited an even distribution across the apple genome and a range of minor allele frequencies to ensure utility across germplasm, but also were located in putative exonic regions to maximize genotyping success rate. A total of 7867 apple SNPs was established for the IRSC apple 8K SNP array v1, of which 5554 were polymorphic after evaluation in segregating families and a germplasm collection. This publicly available genomics resource will provide an unprecedented resolution of SNP haplotypes, which will enable marker-locus-trait association discovery, description of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits, investigation of genetic variation (neutral and functional), and genomic selection in apple. C1 [Chagne, David; Gardiner, Susan E.] Palmerston N Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Crowhurst, Ross N.; Hellens, Roger P.] DSIR, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. [Troggio, Michela; Cestaro, Alessandro; Velasco, Riccardo] Fdn Edmund Mach, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Davey, Mark W.; Vanderzande, Stijn] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Fruit Breeding & Biotechnol, Dept Biosyst, Louvain, Belgium. [Gilmore, Barbara; Bassil, Nahla] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Lawley, Cindy] Illumina Inc, Hayward, CA USA. [Kumar, Satish] Hawkes Bay Res Ctr, Havelock N, New Zealand. [Main, Dorrie; Peace, Cameron] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rees, Jasper D.] Agr Res Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Iezzoni, Amy] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mockler, Todd] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Wilhelm, Larry] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. [Van de Weg, Eric] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Chagne, D (reprint author), Palmerston N Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. EM cpeace@wsu.edu RI Van de Weg, Eric/G-3225-2011; Chagne, David/A-2596-2010; Gardiner, Susan/A-2477-2010; Rees, Jasper/D-9672-2011; Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013; OI Van de Weg, Eric/0000-0002-9443-5974; Chagne, David/0000-0003-4018-0694; Gardiner, Susan/0000-0002-4884-8743; Rees, Jasper/0000-0003-3321-1325; Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775; Cestaro, Alessandro/0000-0003-1439-5165; Hellens, Roger/0000-0003-2094-0887 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-05808]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation [C06X0812]; PREVAR Ltd; Plant and Food Research's Pipfruit Internal Investment Project; research office of the Provincia autonoma di Trento FX This work was partially funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Specialty Crop Research Initiative project, "RosBREED: Enabling marker-assisted breeding in Rosaceae'' (2009-51181-05808). Apple genomics at Plant and Food Research is partially supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation project C06X0812 "Exploiting Opportunities from Horticultural Genomics'', PREVAR Ltd, as well as Plant and Food Research's Pipfruit Internal Investment Project. Apple genome research at Istituto Agrarie San Michele Adige-Fundazione Edmund Mach is supported by the research office of the Provincia autonoma di Trento. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 9 U2 81 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31745 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031745 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 926ZM UT WOS:000302873700088 PM 22363718 ER PT J AU Ching, KH Burbelo, PD Tipton, C Wei, CW Petri, M Sanz, I Iadarola, MJ AF Ching, Kathryn H. Burbelo, Peter D. Tipton, Christopher Wei, Chungwen Petri, Michelle Sanz, Ignacio Iadarola, Michael J. TI Two Major Autoantibody Clusters in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; 4-ANTIGEN MIXTURE; SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; PHASE-I; INTERFERON; INFECTION; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; PROFILE; COHORT AB Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease of complex clinical presentation and etiology and is likely influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. While a large number of susceptibility genes have been identified, the production of antibodies against a distinct subset of nuclear proteins remains a primary distinguishing characteristic in disease diagnosis. However, the utility of autoantibody biomarkers for disease sub-classification and grouping remains elusive, in part, because of the difficulty in large scale profiling using a uniform, quantitative platform. In the present study serological profiles of several known SLE antigens, including Sm-D3, RNP-A, RNP-70k, Ro52, Ro60, and La, as well as other cytokine and neuronal antigens were obtained using the luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) approach. The resulting autoantibody profiles revealed that 88% of a pilot cohort and 98% of a second independent cohort segregated into one of two distinct clusters defined by autoantibodies against Sm/anti-RNP or Ro/La autoantigens, proteins often involved in RNA binding activities. The Sm/RNP cluster was associated with a higher prevalence of serositis in comparison to the Ro/La cluster (P = 0.0022). However, from the available clinical information, no other clinical characteristics were associated with either cluster. In contrast, evaluation of autoantibodies on an individual basis revealed an association between anti-Sm (P = 0.006), RNP-A (P = 0.018) and RNP-70k (P = 0.010) autoantibodies and mucocutaneous symptoms and between anti-RNP-70k and musculoskeletal manifestations (P = 0.059). Serologically active, but clinically quiescent disease also had a higher prevalence of anti-IFN-alpha autoantibodies. Based on our findings that most SLE patients belong to either a Sm/RNP or Ro/La autoantigen cluster, these results suggest the possibility that alterations in RNA-RNA-binding protein interactions may play a critical role in triggering and/or the pathogenesis of SLE. C1 [Ching, Kathryn H.; Burbelo, Peter D.; Iadarola, Michael J.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Neurobiol & Pain Therapeut Sect, Lab Sensory Biol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Tipton, Christopher; Wei, Chungwen; Sanz, Ignacio] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Petri, Michelle] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ching, KH (reprint author), USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM ching.kathryn@gmail.com FU Division of Intramural Research; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [R01 AR043727, U19AI56390, R37 AI049660-06A1] FX This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. This study was also supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases R01 AR043727 (MP), U19AI56390 (IS) and R37 AI049660-06A1 (IS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e32001 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032001 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 926ZM UT WOS:000302873700133 PM 22363785 ER PT J AU Montiel, N Smoliga, G Arzt, J AF Montiel, Nestor Smoliga, George Arzt, Jonathan TI Early detection and visualization of human adenovirus serotype 5-viral vectors carrying foot-and-mouth disease virus or luciferase transgenes in cell lines and bovine tissues SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus; FMDV; Hexon; Luciferase; Microscopy; Cattle; Vaccine ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; GENE-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; NONTARGET TISSUES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; BIODISTRIBUTION; VACCINES; INNATE; DNA AB Recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vaccines containing capsid-coding regions from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been demonstrated to induce effective immune responses and provide homologous protective immunity against FMDV in cattle. However, basic mechanisms of Ad5-FMDV vaccine function including virus tropism, transgene expression, and antigen presentation, remain incompletely understood. The current study characterized the dynamics of Ad5 viral vector (Ad5-FMDV-A24 and Ad5-luciferase) infection in cell lines and early post-inoculation vector-host interactions in cattle. Adenovirus dissemination was described utilizing novel rPCR, rRT-PCR, luminometry, and immunomicroscopy techniques. In vitro infection of human and bovine cells with both Ad5 vectors resulted in dose-dependent detection of vector DNA, mature mRNA transcripts, and transgene-encoded proteins. Subsequent to intramuscular inoculation of cattle, Ad5 and transgene products were detected at the injection sites of all animals at all time-points examined (6, 24, and 48 hpi). Microscopically, injection sites were characterized by marked infiltrates of interstitium consisting of predominantly large mononuclear cells. Immunomicroscopy indicated these cells infrequently contained adenovirus and/or transgenic proteins and were phenotypically consistent with antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells). Vector DNA and mature mRNA transcripts were first detected at the draining and local lymph nodes as early as 6 hpi and systemically at 24 hpi. These results provide novel insights for understanding Ad5-mediated immunity against FMDV using novel techniques that will contribute to ongoing efforts for the improvement of future Ad-FMDV vaccine platforms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Montiel, Nestor; Smoliga, George; Arzt, Jonathan] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Arzt, J (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM jonathan.arzt@ars.usda.gov OI Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology; USDA-ARS [HSHQDC-09-X-00373, 1940-32000-052-00D]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX The production of this material was supported in part by an interagency agreement between Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology (S&T) and USDA-ARS (award number HSHQDC-09-X-00373). Additional support came from USDA-ARS CRIS project number 1940-32000-052-00D. Dr. Montiel was supported through the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1690 EP 1701 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.082 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 909IM UT WOS:000301558200018 PM 22227230 ER PT J AU Fu, XY Moreines, J Booth, SL AF Fu, Xueyan Moreines, Judith Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K supplementation does not prevent bone loss in ovariectomized Norway rats SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Bone; Menaquinones; Phylloquinone; Vitamin K ID FERMENTED SOYBEAN NATTO; XENOBIOTIC RECEPTOR SXR; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OSTEOBLASTIC CELLS; MENAQUINONE-4; PHYLLOQUINONE; MENATETRENONE; PROTEIN; OSTEOCALCIN; CONVERSION AB Background: Despite plausible biological mechanisms, the differential abilities of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones (MKn) to prevent bone loss remain controversial. The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of PK, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on the rate of bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) Norway rats. A secondary aim was to compare the effects of vitamin K with those of bisphosphonates (BP) on bone loss. Methods: Rats (n = 96) were randomized to 6 dosing groups [n = 16/group; Sham; OVX; OVX + BP (100 mu g/kg/100 mu g/mL saline sc); OVX + PK; OVX + MK-4; and OVX + MK-7] for 6 wk. Equimolar daily doses of 107 mg PK/kg, 147 mg MK-4/kg, and 201 mg MK-7/kg diet were provided. Results: BP significantly increased bone strength and bone mineral density (BMD) vs. OVX (P < 0.05). However, PK, MK-4 or MK-7 did not change bone strength or BMD compared to the OVX group. Whereas supplementation of PK, MK-4 and MK-7 increased serum and tibia concentrations of each respective form, PK concentrations were consistently higher despite equimolar intakes. Conclusion: PK, MK-4, and MK-7 do not appear to prevent bone loss in OVX rats when administered concurrent with adequate intake of other nutrients. C1 [Fu, Xueyan; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Moreines, Judith] Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. RP Fu, XY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xueyan.fu@tufts.edu FU Pfizer Consumer Healthcare; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare and USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD FEB 20 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-9-12 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 931IP UT WOS:000303209900001 PM 22348311 ER PT J AU Velten, J Cakir, C Youn, E Chen, JP Cazzonelli, CI AF Velten, Jeff Cakir, Cahid Youn, Eunseog Chen, Junping Cazzonelli, Christopher I. TI Transgene Silencing and Transgene-Derived siRNA Production in Tobacco Plants Homozygous for an Introduced AtMYB90 Construct SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REDUCTASE CO-SUPPRESSION; SMALL RNAS; NITRATE REDUCTASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NITRITE REDUCTASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; MECHANISM; MICRORNAS; PATHWAYS AB Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines were engineered to ectopically over-express AtMYB90 (PAP2), an R2-R3 Myb gene associated with regulation of anthocyanin production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Independently transformed transgenic lines, Myb27 and Myb237, accumulated large quantities of anthocyanin, generating a dark purple phenotype in nearly all tissues. After self-fertilization, some progeny of the Myb27 line displayed an unexpected pigmentation pattern, with most leaves displaying large sectors of dramatically reduced anthocyanin production. The green-sectored 27Hmo plants were all found to be homozygous for the transgene and, despite a doubled transgene dosage, to have reduced levels of AtMYB90 mRNA. The observed reduction in anthocyanin pigmentation and AtMYB90 mRNA was phenotypically identical to the patterns seen in leaves systemically silenced for the AtMYB90 transgene, and was associated with the presence of AtMYB90-derived siRNA homologous to both strands of a portion of the AtMYB90 transcribed region. Activation of transgene silencing in the Myb27 line was triggered when the 35S::AtMYB90 transgene dosage was doubled, in both Myb27 homozygotes, and in plants containing one copy of each of the independently segregating Myb27 and Myb237 transgene loci. Mapping of sequenced siRNA molecules to the Myb27 TDNA (including flanking tobacco sequences) indicated that the 3' half of the AtMYB90 transcript is the primary target for siRNA associated silencing in both homozygous Myb27 plants and in systemically silenced tissues. The transgene within the Myb27 line was found to consist of a single, fully intact, copy of the AtMYB90 construct. Silencing appears to initiate in response to elevated levels of transgene mRNA (or an aberrant product thereof) present within a subset of leaf cells, followed by spread of the resulting small RNA to adjacent leaf tissues and subsequent amplification of siRNA production. C1 [Velten, Jeff; Cakir, Cahid; Chen, Junping] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. [Youn, Eunseog] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cazzonelli, Christopher I.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Ctr Excellence Plant Energy Biol, Australian Res Council, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Velten, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. EM Jeff.Velten@ars.usda.gov RI Cazzonelli, Christopher/A-5347-2010 OI Cazzonelli, Christopher/0000-0003-3096-3193 FU United States Department of Agriculture FX Funding for this research is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e30141 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030141 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 926TC UT WOS:000302853600014 PM 22363419 ER PT J AU Susaya, J Kim, KH Cho, J Parker, D AF Susaya, Janice Kim, Ki-Hyun Cho, Jinwoo Parker, David TI The controlling effect of temperature in the application of permeation tube devices in standard gas generation SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Permeation; Accuracy; Benzene; Toluene; Xylene ID CALIBRATION; MIXTURES AB In this study, the performance of permeation tube (PT) devices for the generation of VOC calibration gas was examined by successively generating BTX gas at five temperatures (30, 50, 70, 80, and 100 degrees C) and two flow rates (400 and 800 mL min(-1)). A distinct relationship was observed between temperatures and permeation rates (PR) (or generated BTX concentrations). We examined the reliability of the manufacturer's PR formula when operating at chamber temperatures different from the manufacturer reference temperatures for each PT device. Bias of the actual PR from the theoretical PR values became significant as PT devices were operated at temperatures beyond their optimum operating range (e.g., maximum bias of BTX as 141%, 87.2%, and 85%, respectively). Through a derivation of empirical formula, we were able to predict PR values of the target compounds more accurately as evidenced by significant bias reduction at all temperature points (e.g., maximum bias of BTX as 10.9%, 21.1% and 20.6%, respectively). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Susaya, Janice; Kim, Ki-Hyun; Cho, Jinwoo] Sejong Univ, Environm & Energy Dept, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Parker, David] USDA ARS, USA Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Environm & Energy Dept, 98 Goon Ja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM khkim@sejong.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2009-0093848] FX This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (No. 2009-0093848). NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 17 PY 2012 VL 1225 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.066 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 899KI UT WOS:000300814400002 PM 22244159 ER PT J AU Colglazier, EW AF Colglazier, E. William TI Science and Diplomacy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Colglazier, EW (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 17 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6070 BP 775 EP 775 DI 10.1126/science.1220355 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 893LC UT WOS:000300356400001 PM 22344412 ER PT J AU Lu, YH Fu, BJ Feng, XM Zeng, Y Liu, Y Chang, RY Sun, G Wu, BF AF Lu, Yihe Fu, Bojie Feng, Xiaoming Zeng, Yuan Liu, Yu Chang, Ruiying Sun, Ge Wu, Bingfang TI A Policy-Driven Large Scale Ecological Restoration: Quantifying Ecosystem Services Changes in the Loess Plateau of China SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAND CONVERSION PROGRAM; FOR-GREEN PROGRAM; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; GRAIN; VEGETATION; IMPACT; PRODUCTIVITY; METAANALYSIS; ENHANCEMENT; IMPROVEMENT AB As one of the key tools for regulating human-ecosystem relations, environmental conservation policies can promote ecological rehabilitation across a variety of spatiotemporal scales. However, quantifying the ecological effects of such policies at the regional level is difficult. A case study was conducted at the regional level in the ecologically vulnerable region of the Loess Plateau, China, through the use of several methods including the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), hydrological modeling and multivariate analysis. An assessment of the changes over the period of 2000-2008 in four key ecosystem services was undertaken to determine the effects of the Chinese government's ecological rehabilitation initiatives implemented in 1999. These ecosystem services included water regulation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and grain production. Significant conversions of farmland to woodland and grassland were found to have resulted in enhanced soil conservation and carbon sequestration, but decreased regional water yield under a warming and drying climate trend. The total grain production increased in spite of a significant decline in farmland acreage. These trends have been attributed to the strong socioeconomic incentives embedded in the ecological rehabilitation policy. Although some positive policy results have been achieved over the last decade, large uncertainty remains regarding long-term policy effects on the sustainability of ecological rehabilitation performance and ecosystem service enhancement. To reduce such uncertainty, this study calls for an adaptive management approach to regional ecological rehabilitation policy to be adopted, with a focus on the dynamic interactions between people and their environments in a changing world. C1 [Lu, Yihe; Fu, Bojie; Feng, Xiaoming; Liu, Yu; Chang, Ruiying] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Yuan; Wu, Bingfang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Lu, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, POB 934, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM bfu@rcees.ac.cn RI Fu, Bojie/B-1493-2009 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421104]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40930528, 40971065]; State Forestry Administration [201004058]; CAS/SAFEA FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB421104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40930528 and 40971065), the State Forestry Administration (No. 201004058), and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams of "Ecosystem Processes and Services." The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 89 Z9 100 U1 19 U2 170 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 16 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31782 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031782 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 925XS UT WOS:000302796200097 PM 22359628 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TA Lippolis, JD Nonnecke, BJ Sacco, RE AF Reinhardt, Timothy A. Lippolis, John D. Nonnecke, Brian J. Sacco, Randy E. TI Bovine milk exosome proteome SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Milk exosome proteins; Milk proteomics; MFGM ID FAT-GLOBULE-MEMBRANE; DAVID BIOINFORMATICS RESOURCES; CELL APICAL MEMBRANE; LARGE GENE LISTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STATISTICAL-MODEL; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MAMMARY-GLAND; BREAST-MILK; PROTEINS AB Exosomes are 40-100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, secreted by cells and are found in biological fluids including milk. These exosomes are extracellular organelles important in intracellular communication, and immune function. Therefore, the proteome of bovine milk exosomes may provide insight into the complex processes of milk production. Exosomes were isolated from the milk of mid-lactation cows. Purified exosomes were trypsin digested, subjected offline high pH reverse phase chromatography and further fractionated on a nanoLC connected to tandem mass spectrometer. This resulted in identification of 2107 proteins that included all of the major exosome protein markers. The major milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins (Butyrophilin, Xanthine oxidase, Adipophilin and Lactadherin) were the most abundant proteins found in milk exosomes. However, they represented only 0.4-1.2% of the total spectra collected from milk exosomes compared to 15-28% of the total spectra collected in the MFGM proteome. These data show that the milk exosome secretion pathway differs significantly from that of the MFGM in part due to the greatly reduced presence of MFGM proteins. The protein composition of milk exosomes provides new information on milk protein composition and the potential physiological significance of exosomes to mammary physiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reinhardt, Timothy A.; Lippolis, John D.; Nonnecke, Brian J.; Sacco, Randy E.] USDA ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Reinhardt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tim.reinhardt@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 10 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-3919 EI 1876-7737 J9 J PROTEOMICS JI J. Proteomics PD FEB 16 PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1486 EP 1492 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.017 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 900XH UT WOS:000300924700003 PM 22129587 ER PT J AU Krishnan, P Meyers, TP Scott, RL Kennedy, L Heuer, M AF Krishnan, Praveena Meyers, Tilden P. Scott, Russell L. Kennedy, Linda Heuer, Mark TI Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over two temperate semi-arid grasslands in North America SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Energy exchange; Semi-arid grassland; Eddy covariance; Drought; North American Monsoon ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION INDEXES; INNER-MONGOLIA; CLIMATE SYSTEM; FLUXNET SITES AB The seasonal and interannual variability in surface energy exchange and evapotranspiration (E) of two temperate semi-arid grasslands in southeastern Arizona, USA, were investigated using multi-year (2004-2007) eddy covariance measurements. The study sites, a post-fire site (AG) and an unburned site (KG), received 43-87% of the annual precipitation (P) during the North American Monsoon season (July-September), with the lowest values in the drought years of 2004 and 2005. Irrespective of the differences in temperature, surface albedo, vegetation cover and soil characteristics both sites responded similarly to changes in environmental conditions. The seasonal and interannual variations in the partitioning of net radiation to turbulent fluxes were mainly controlled by P through the changes in soil water content (theta) and vegetation growth. Drastic changes in albedo, vegetation growth and energy fluxes occurred following the onset of the monsoon season in July. During the dry or cool periods of autumn, winter and spring, the sensible heat flux was the largest component of the energy balance, whereas latent heat flux dominated during the warm and wet periods of summer. The dry-foliage Priestley-Taylor coefficient (alpha) declined when theta in the 0-15 cm soil layer dropped below 0.08 m(3) m(-3) at AG, and 0.09 m(3) m(-3) at KG, respectively. The July-September average of dry-foliage surface conductance, alpha and E. reached their lowest values in 2004 at AG and in 2005 at KG. During July-September, monthly E was linearly correlated to the monthly mean theta and the broadband normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), whereas during May-June the relationship between NDVI and E was not significant. Annual E varied from 264 to 322 mm at AG and from 196 to 284 mm at KG with the lowest value during the severe drought year at the site. July-September E had positive correlation with total P. the mean NDVI and the number of growing season days during that period. Annual P explained more than 80% of the variance in annual E. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krishnan, Praveena] NOAA ARL, Dept Commerce, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kennedy, Linda] Appleton Whittell Res Ranch, Natl Audubon Soc, Elgin, AZ 85611 USA. RP Krishnan, P (reprint author), NOAA ARL, Dept Commerce, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM praveena.krishnan@noaa.gov RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Air Resources Laboratory FX This work was funded by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Air Resources Laboratory. This research was performed while P. Krishnan held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA. J. Kochendorfer, J. Miller and T. Wilson are acknowledged for internal review of the paper. We also thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 85 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 153 SI SI BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.017 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903CJ UT WOS:000301093300004 ER PT J AU Fassbinder, J Griffis, TJ Baker, JM AF Fassbinder, Joell. Griffis, Timothy J. Baker, John M. TI Interannual, seasonal, and diel variability in the carbon isotope composition of respiration in a C-3/C-4 agricultural ecosystem SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Heterotrophic respiration; Autotrophic respiration; Automated chambers; Flux partitioning; Eddy covariance; Flux gradient; Tunable diode laser spectroscopy; Aboveground plant respiration ID LEAF-RESPIRED CO2; LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL RESPIRATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; HETEROTROPHIC COMPONENTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ROOT RESPIRATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; STABLE-ISOTOPE AB The stable carbon isotope ratio, (CO2)-C-13/(CO2)-C-12, is a valuable tracer for studying the processes controlling the autotrophic (F-Ra)and heterotrophic (F-Rh) contributions to ecosystem respiration (F-R)and the influence of photosynthesis on F-R. There is increasing interest in quantifying the temporal variability of the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (delta(R)) because it contains information about the sources contributing to respiration and is an important parameter used for partitioning net ecosystem CO2 exchange using stable isotope methods. In this study, eddy covariance, flux gradient, automated chambers, and stable carbon isotope techniques were used to quantify and improve our understanding of the temporal variability in F-R and S-R in a C-3/C-4 agricultural ecosystem. Six years (2004-2009) of isotope flux-gradient measurements indicated that delta(R) had a very consistent annual pattern during both C-3 (soybean) and C-4 (corn) growing seasons due to significant contributions from F-Ra, which was strongly influenced by the isotope composition of the recent photosynthate. However, in the spring, SR exhibited a C-3 signal regardless of the crop grown in the previous season. One hypothesis for this anomaly is that at these low soil temperatures microbial activity relied predominantly on C-3 substrates. Automated chamber measurements of soil respiration (F-Rs) and its isotope composition (delta(Rs)) were initiated in the early corn growing season of 2009 to help interpret the variability in delta(R). These measurements showed good agreement with EC measurements of F-R (within 0.5 mu mol m(2) s(-1)) and isotope flux gradient measurements of delta(R) (within 2%.) at nighttime for near-bare soil conditions (LAI < 0.1). At peak growth, nighttime delta(R) above the corn canopy was consistently 1-6% more enriched than delta(Rs). The relatively enriched signal above the canopy indicates that delta(R) was strongly influenced by aboveground plant respiration (F-R,F-ag), which accounted for about 40% of F-R. The automated chamber data and analyses also revealed a strong diel pattern in delta(Rs). In the early growth period, delta(Rs) showed a sharp morning enrichment of up to 4 parts per thousand followed by a gradual depletion throughout the afternoon and evening. Daytime enrichment in delta(Rs) was most pronounced during dry conditions and was not observed when the upper soil was near saturation. We provide anecdotal evidence that the diel variability during early growth may have been influenced by turbulence (advection/non-diffusive transport), which reduced the kinetic fractionation effect. At peak growth, there is evidence that the sheltering effect of the corn plants diminished the influence of turbulence on the chamber measurement of delta(Rs). Further research is needed to evaluate and separate the contributions of biotic and abiotic (advection and non-steady state effects) influences on chamber delta(Rs) observations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fassbinder, Joell.; Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fassbinder, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA, ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM fass0019@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0546476]; Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64316] FX We thank Matt Erickson and Bill Breiter for their technical assistance at the field site. We also thank Zoran Nesic and Dr. T.A. Black, Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, for their help with the implementation of the automated chamber system. We acknowledge the very helpful comments and criticisms of two anonymous reviewers and the guest editor. Funding for this research has been provided by the National Science Foundation, ATM-0546476 (T.G.) and the Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-06ER64316 (T.G. and J.M.B.). NR 58 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 153 SI SI BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.018 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903CJ UT WOS:000301093300013 ER PT J AU Fassbinder, JJ Griffis, TJ Baker, JM AF Fassbinder, Joel J. Griffis, Timothy J. Baker, John M. TI Evaluation of carbon isotope flux partitioning theory under simplified and controlled environmental conditions SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stable carbon isotopes; Flux partitioning; Net ecosystem exchange; Automated chambers; Photosynthetic discrimination; Isotope composition of respiration ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CO2 EXCHANGE; LEAF RESPIRATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; WATER-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE AB Separation of the photosynthetic (F-P) and respiratory (F-R) fluxes of net CO2 exchange (F-N) remains a necessary step toward understanding the biological and physical controls on carbon cycling between the soil, biomass, and atmosphere. Despite recent advancements in stable carbon isotope partitioning methodology, several potential limitations can cause uncertainty in the partitioned results. Here, we combined an automated chamber system with a tunable diode laser (TDL) to evaluate carbon isotope partitioning under controlled environmental conditions. Experiments were conducted in a climate controlled greenhouse utilizing both soybean (C-3 pathway) and corn (C-4 pathway) treatments. Under these conditions, net exchange of (CO2)-C-13 and (CO2)-C-12 was obtained with an improved signal to noise ratio. Further, the chamber system was used to estimate soil evaporation (E) and plant transpiration (T), allowing for an improved estimate of the total conductance to CO2 (g(c)). This study found that the incorporation of short-term and diel variability in the isotope composition of respiration (delta(R)) caused F-P to nearly double in the corn system while only slightly increasing in the soybean system. Variability in both g(c) and the CO2 bundle sheath leakage factor for C-4 plants (phi) also had a significant influence on F-P. In addition, chamber measurements of F-N and its isotope composition (delta(N)) indicated that post-illumination processes caused a decrease in plant respiration for up to 3 h following light termination. Finally, this study found systematic differences between the isotope and temperature-regression partitioning methods on the diel time scale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fassbinder, Joel J.; Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fassbinder, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA, ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM fass0019@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0546476]; Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64316] FX We thank Matt Erickson and Bill Breiter for their technical assistance. We also thank Zoran Nesic and Dr. T.A. Black, Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, for their help with the implementation of the automated chamber system. We acknowledge the very helpful comments and criticisms of two anonymous reviewers and the guest editor. We also thank Dr. David Bowling, University of Utah, for his detailed comments and criticisms of the revised manuscript. Funding for this research has been provided by the National Science Foundation, ATM-0546476 (TG) and the Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-06ER64316 (TG and JMB). NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 153 SI SI BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.020 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903CJ UT WOS:000301093300014 ER PT J AU Goode, JR Luce, CH Buffington, JM AF Goode, Jaime R. Luce, Charles H. Buffington, John M. TI Enhanced sediment delivery in a changing climate in semi-arid mountain basins: Implications for water resource management and aquatic habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Sediment yield; Climate change; Wildfire; Forest roads; Aquatic habitat; Idaho batholith ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; OREGON COAST RANGE; SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; FOREST ROADS; DEBRIS FLOWS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF AB The delivery and transport of sediment through mountain rivers affects aquatic habitat and water resource infrastructure. While climate change is widely expected to produce significant changes in hydrology and stream temperature, the effects of climate change on sediment yield have received less attention. In the northern Rocky Mountains, we expect climate change to increase sediment yield primarily through changes in temperature and hydrology that promote vegetation disturbances (i.e., wildfire, insect/pathogen outbreak, drought-related die off). Here, we synthesize existing data from central Idaho to explore (1) how sediment yields are likely to respond to climate change in semi-arid basins influenced by wildfire, (2) the potential consequences for aquatic habitat and water resource infrastructure, and (3) prospects for mitigating sediment yields in forest basins. Recent climate-driven increases in the severity and extent of wildfire suggest that basin-scale sediment yields within the next few years to decades could be greater than the long-term average rate of 146 T km(-2) year(-1) observed for central Idaho. These elevated sediment yields will likely impact downstream reservoirs, which were designed under conditions of historically lower sediment yield. Episodic erosional events (massive debris flows) that dominate post-fire sediment yields are impractical to mitigate, leaving road restoration as the most viable management opportunity for offsetting climate-related increases in sediment yield. However, short-term sediment yields from experimental basins with roads are three orders of magnitude smaller than those from individual fire-related events (on the order of 10(1) T km(-2) year(-1) compared to 10(4)T km(-2)year(-1), respectively, for similar contributing areas), suggesting that road restoration would provide a relatively minor reduction in sediment loads at the basin-scale. Nevertheless, the ecologically damaging effects of fine sediment (material <6 mm) chronically produced from roads will require continued management efforts. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goode, Jaime R.; Luce, Charles H.; Buffington, John M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Goode, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jaimeg@uidaho.edu RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, Operation and Management, Programmatic Sediment Management Plan (PSMP) FX This study was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, Operation and Management, Programmatic Sediment Management Plan (PSMP). David Nagel contributed to the development and production of figures in GIS. We thank Grant Meyer and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 262 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 139 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.021 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 903YC UT WOS:000301158100001 ER PT J AU Miller, JR Lord, ML Villarroel, LF Germanoski, D Chambers, JC AF Miller, Jerry R. Lord, Mark L. Villarroel, Lionel F. Germanoski, Dru Chambers, Jeanne C. TI Structural organization of process zones in upland watersheds of central Nevada and its influence on basin connectivity, dynamics, and wet meadow complexes SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; Sensitivity; Connectivity; Groundwater recharge; Great Basin ID RIPARIAN MEADOWS; SENSITIVITY; MORPHOLOGY; CATCHMENT; FRAMEWORK; RESPONSES; GRADIENT; STREAMS; OREGON AB The drainage network within upland watersheds in central Nevada can be subdivided into distinct zones each dominated by a unique set of processes on the basis of valley form, the geological materials that comprise the valley floor, and the presence or absence of surficial channels. On hillslopes, the type and structure (frequency, length, and spatial arrangement) of these process zones is related to the lithology and weathering characteristics of the underlying bedrock. Process zones dominated by sediment accumulation, storage, and groundwater recharge are associated with less resistant rocks that weather into abundant but relatively small particles. Sediment transport and runoff-dominated zones are associated with resistant, sparsely fractured rocks that produce limited but larger clasts. The type and structure of process zones along axial valleys depend on the characteristics of the process zones on the hillslopes. Numerous sediment storage-dominated reaches leads to a relatively high number of unincised fans located at the mouth of tributaries along the axial valleys and to frequent and lengthy unincised valley segments, both of which disconnect large sections of the drainage basin from channelized flows. In contrast, a relatively high density of transport-dominated process zones leads downstream to the incision of side-valley fans and axial valley deposits as well as a high degree of basin connectivity (defined by the integration of surficial channels). Connectivity also is related to the lithology of the underlying bedrock, with higher degrees of connectivity being associated with volcanic rocks that presumably yield high rates of runoff. Lower levels of connectivity are associated most frequently with extensively fractured, locally permeable sedimentary and metamorphic rock assemblages. Thus, basins underlain by volcanic rocks appear to be more sensitive to incision and produce more dynamic channels in terms of the rate of channel/valley modification than those underlain by other lithologies. Considerable attention has been devoted in recent years to the management of wet meadow ecosystems that serve as important riparian habitats within upland basins of central Nevada. The data presented here show that, within basins characterized by a high degree of connectivity, areas of wet meadow are minimal. Where they do exist in these basins, they tend to be severely degraded by incision or gully erosion and will be difficult to manage given the dynamic nature of the axial channel processes. Wet meadows within basins that exhibit a low degree of connectivity and high sediment storage-to-transport ratios on hillslopes will likely be more responsive to management activities because of the reduced threats of channel incision and, presumably, a larger supply of groundwater flow to the meadows created by an extensive network of recharge sites. Importantly, human activities that lead to an increase in basin connectivity can negatively impact downstream meadows through a decrease in groundwater recharge and an increase in stream dynamics, in spite of the fact that these activities may be physically separated from the wet meadow areas. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Jerry R.; Lord, Mark L.; Villarroel, Lionel F.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Germanoski, Dru] Lafayette Coll, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Miller, JR (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM jmiller@wcu.edu FU U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX The authors want to thank a number of students from Western Carolina University who were instrumental in collection of field and laboratory data, including Harrison Carter, Rachael Tury, and Danvey Walsh. We are also indebted to Blake Engelhardt and several other students from the University of Nevada, Reno, for the collection of field data along the axial drainage systems in three basins. The manuscript benefited greatly from the comments provided by Dr. Jordan Clayton and three anonymous reviewers. Funding for the project was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, without which the analysis could not have been conducted. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 139 BP 384 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.11.004 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 903YC UT WOS:000301158100032 ER PT J AU Hart, JL Clark, SL Torreano, SJ Buchanan, ML AF Hart, Justin L. Clark, Stacy L. Torreano, Scott J. Buchanan, Megan L. TI Composition, structure, and dendroecology of an old-growth Quercus forest on the tablelands of the Cumberland Plateau, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroecology; Old growth; Pinus; Quercus; Succession; Stand development ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SECONDARY HARDWOOD STANDS; MIXED MESOPHYTIC FORESTS; CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; LAND-USE HISTORY; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; CANOPY DISTURBANCE; RADIAL-GROWTH; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; VEGETATION PATTERNS AB Forest reconstructions provide information on the processes that influence forest development and successional patterns. In this study, we quantified woody species composition, stand structure, and radial growth patterns of individual Quercus trees to document the processes that shaped a forest on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee over the past three centuries. The oldest trees on the site established in the late-1600s. The forest was dominated by Quercus alba, but Acer rubrum and Oxydendrum arboreum were the most abundant species in small size and young age classes. Quercus recruitment was continuous over the past three centuries whereas Pinus established in the late-1800s and early-1900s and Acer established in the 1940s. Most overstory Quercus recruited via gap-phase regeneration and ca. one-third established under a closed canopy and were suppressed for up to 80 years prior to overstory release. Pinus recruitment corresponded to stand-wide canopy disturbance while Acer recruitment had no relationship to overstory removal. Over the last three centuries, we contend Quercus has been the dominant genus with Pinus restricted to patches that corresponded to canopy disturbances. The recent profusion of Acer in the understory will likely inhibit regeneration of Pinus and Quercus. Indeed, the composition of the overstory and understory were dissimilar and under the current disturbance regime, the A. rubrum component should increase. Gap-scale disturbance frequency has remained relatively stable since the mid-1700s. However, the frequency of stand-wide canopy disturbance events has decreased since the mid-1800s and the last initiated in 1903. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hart, Justin L.; Buchanan, Megan L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Clark, Stacy L.] Univ Tennessee, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Torreano, Scott J.] Univ South, Dept Forestry & Geol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. RP Hart, JL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Box 870322, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM hart013@bama.ua.edu RI Hart, Justin/B-2535-2010; Buchanan, Megan/E-9827-2011 OI Hart, Justin/0000-0001-6580-0189; Buchanan, Megan/0000-0001-9572-2492 FU USDA Forest Service (USFS), Southern Research Station; University of Alabama (UA); University of the South (US) FX Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service (USFS), Southern Research Station, the University of Alabama (UA), and the University of the South (US). We thank C. Schweitzer (USFS) for assistance in securing resources for this project. We thank N. Brown (USFS), C. Bryars (USFS), L. Lentile (US), N. McLarty (USFS), J. Richards (UA), R. Sisk (USFS), T. Petty (USFS), and P. Vestal (US) for field assistance; G. Parker (UA), P. Vestal, and B. Zimmerman (UA) for assistance in the lab; the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation for sampling permission; Sequatchie, LLC for access to the reserve; and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. NR 90 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 266 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.001 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OM UT WOS:000300751700002 ER PT J AU Yospin, GI Bridgham, SD Kertis, J Johnson, BR AF Yospin, Gabriel I. Bridgham, Scott D. Kertis, Jane Johnson, Bart R. TI Ecological correlates of fuel dynamics and potential fire behavior in former upland prairie and oak savanna SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BehavePlus; Pacific Northwest; Wildland-urban interface ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; TREE MORTALITY; CALIFORNIA; REDUCTION; SEVERITY; WILDFIRE; MANAGEMENT; OREGON; PINE AB Fire behavior has changed drastically in North America following Euro-American settlement. We sought to identify potential fire behavior in former prairie and savanna following forest succession, and to predict potential fire behavior from plant community data. We collected data on fuel loads, soils, topography, and plant communities from 239 plots at seven sites in the southern Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. We defined eight plant cover types; an ordination based on tree species basal area by diameter classes and the cover of ground layer functional types supported these community types. Extant prairie and savanna plots had the lowest fuel loads, but there were no consistent differences in fuels among wooded communities. We used a fire behavior model. BehavePlus, to simulate potential fire behavior in our study plots. Because plant community data, standard fuel models and the ordination axes were poor predictors of fuels and potential fire behavior, we explored a new method of incorporating ecological data into predictions of fire behavior. We used classification and regression trees (CARTs) to find groups of plots that differed in their potential fire behavior. Although the best CART explained only 32% of the variance in potential fire behavior, the CARTs suggest ways to more effectively manage fire behavior - for example, indicating the importance of the legacy effects of savanna trees. Our results suggest that the legacies of succession on historic prairie and savanna have led to novel and heterogeneous fuels complexes, making it difficult to predict potential fire behavior from standard fuel models or community types. CARTs could be useful in other regions, both to indicate locations that should be management priorities and specific management techniques to attenuate fire behavior. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yospin, Gabriel I.; Bridgham, Scott D.] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Kertis, Jane] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Johnson, Bart R.] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Yospin, GI (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM gyospin@uoregon.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [04-2-1-75]; National Science Foundation [0816475] FX This material is based upon work supported by funding from the Joint Fire Sciences Program under Project 04-2-1-75 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0816475. The authors thank Alan Ager, Dan Gavin, Dave Peter, Nicole Vaillant, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the paper. We also thank the many people who helped collect the extensive data for this project. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 266 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.046 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OM UT WOS:000300751700006 ER PT J AU Hoover, CM Leak, WB Keel, BG AF Hoover, Coeli M. Leak, William B. Keel, Brian G. TI Benchmark carbon stocks from old-growth forests in northern New England, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Old-growth forests; Forest carbon stocks; Second-growth forests ID HARDWOOD FORESTS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; TROPICAL FORESTS; BIOMASS; STORAGE; MICHIGAN; AGE; NORTHWEST; MOUNTAIN; DYNAMICS AB Forests world-wide are recognized as important components of the global carbon cycle. Carbon sequestration has become a recognized forest management objective, but the full carbon storage potential of forests is not well understood. The premise of this study is that old-growth forests can be expected to provide a reasonable estimate of the upper limits of carbon storage for similar forest types in comparable site conditions. We sampled old-growth stands in Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire to establish benchmark values for carbon storage in the forests of northern New England. Our specific objectives were: (1) develop estimates of carbon stocks in key live and dead biomass carbon pools of hardwood and softwood forests in northern New England, (2) compare these values to other estimates of carbon stocks in old-growth forests, and (3) compare data collected from mature second-growth forests to the old-growth benchmark values. Twelve sites in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine were sampled to estimate total carbon stocks in aboveground live and dead biomass, down dead wood, forest floor, and soil to 20 cm. Total carbon stocks averaged 216 t/ha for northern hardwoods and 267 t/ha in softwood sites, with 116 and 125 t/ha in the aboveground live tree biomass for hardwoods and softwoods, respectively. Our results showed old-growth softwood averaged about 25% more carbon than old-growth hardwood, primarily due to the higher carbon amounts in the thick forest floors characteristic of old-growth softwood. Old-growth hardwoods supported live biomass carbon stocks similar to those in mature hardwood stands (about 80-120 years old), although forest floor stocks in old-growth were about twice as high (a non-significant difference). Overall carbon stocks in mature second-growth hardwoods were 89% of those in old-growth stands; this difference was not statistically significant. Additional work is needed in mature second-growth softwoods; data were not available for comparison to the benchmarks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hoover, Coeli M.; Leak, William B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hoover, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM choover@fs.fed.us; bleak@fs.fed.us; bkeel@fs.fed.us FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX This research was supported by a grant from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative. The authors would like to thank the staff of Gifford Woods State Park, Green Mountain National Forest, and White Mountain National Forest for facilitating access to study sites, and Elizabeth LaPoint for preparing the map. The manuscript benefitted from thoughtful comments from Linda Heath, Jim Smith, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 266 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.010 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OM UT WOS:000300751700011 ER PT J AU Ruiz, MA Lugo, AE AF Ruiz, Migdalia Alvarez Lugo, Ariel E. TI Landscape effects on structure and species composition of tabonuco forests in Puerto Rico: Implications for conservation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Novel forests; Secondary forests; Tropical forests; Forested landscapes; Shade coffee; Tobacco landscapes ID SUBTROPICAL WET FOREST; LAND-USE HISTORY; DISTURBANCE; RECOVERY AB We studied the structure and species composition of nine residual forest stands of Dacryodes excelsa (tabonuco), a dominant vegetation type in the moist and wet lower montane forests of the Caribbean. The stands were scattered over three different landscapes with different degrees of anthropogenic disturbance: forested, shade coffee, and tobacco. We compared our results with data from undisturbed stands inside a protected and forested landscape to see how the type of landscape that surrounded them affected the structure and species composition of the residual forest stands. In the process we sought conservation lessons that would help restore degraded tabonuco forests to original conditions. Tree density, basal area, and species density all increased with elevation. We found 98 tree species, including 50 of the 83 species that we identified as belonging to undisturbed tabonuco forests (including 13 of 18 endemic tree species), 41 tree species not reported for undisturbed tabonuco forests, eight primary forest species, and six introduced species. When ordered by species Importance Value by site, the stands in nine sites separated into three general groups corresponding to landscape type: (1) Heavily used for tobacco production. (2) Shade coffee, and (3) Forested. The importance of introduced species increased, and the abundance of tabonuco forest indicator species and endemic species decreased with increased anthropogenic disturbances. When restoring tabonuco forests, it is necessary to understand the landscape forces that influence the species composition of these forests. It appears that particular species combinations are natural outcomes of the level of anthropogenic activity in the landscape and reversing those tendencies might be impractical or too costly. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Ruiz, Migdalia Alvarez] Univ Puerto Rico Ponce, Dept Biol, Ponce, PR 00732 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM migdalia.alvarez1@uprp.edu; alugo@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 266 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.044 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OM UT WOS:000300751700014 ER PT J AU Reinikainen, M D'Amato, AW Fraver, S AF Reinikainen, Michael D'Amato, Anthony W. Fraver, Shawn TI Repeated insect outbreaks promote multi-cohort aspen mixedwood forests in northern Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroecology; Forest disturbance; Forest stand dynamics; Aspen mixedwoods; Forest tent caterpillar; Populus tremuloides ID SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; TENT CATERPILLAR; TREMBLING ASPEN; DISTURBANCE DYNAMICS; BOREAL FOREST; RECONSTRUCTION; HISTORY; STAND; REGENERATION AB Characterizing the timing, severity, and agents of historic forest disturbances is critical to developing management and conservation strategies based on natural processes. Typically such information is derived from retrospective studies of remnant old-growth forests; however, this approach has limited application in regions dominated by secondary forests heavily influenced by past land-use. One striking example is the secondary aspen mixedwood forests of northern Minnesota, which have risen in both abundance and aerial extent, the result of post-settlement harvesting and subsequent land-use changes. Given their recent rise in abundance, as well as their dominance by relatively short-lived aspen, they have not been the focus of retrospective studies examining pre-settlement conditions. Using methods of dendrochronology, we reconstructed nearly a 90-year history of canopy disturbances and stand development for nine secondary mesic aspen mixedwood forests of northern Minnesota. Results show all stands initiating after near stand-replacing disturbance, presumably harvests, marked by initial recruitment dominated by Populus tremuloides. Ensuing development included an extended recruitment period by shade-tolerant species such as Abies balsamea, Acer rubrum, and Picea glauca. However, some stands experienced defoliation by forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) quite early during the stem exclusion stage (major events occurring as early as 23 years after stand initiation), causing tree mortality and giving rise to a new cohort. Subsequent repeated outbreaks of tent caterpillar and spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) further opened the canopy, resulting in complex mixed-species, multi-cohort stands. This study is one of the first to link chronic defoliation events with long-term community dynamics for this forest type. Our findings highlight the critical roles these events play in structuring aspen mixedwood forests, particularly within the early stages of stand development, resulting in multi-cohort stands. Moreover, our findings support the growing body of literature suggesting that the range of variability in aspen age structures extends beyond the single-cohort model that has guided forest management in this region. Collectively, these findings have important implications for the design of forest management practices that approximate this range of variability and emulate defoliation disturbances, with early harvest entries aimed at increasing stand structural and compositional complexity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reinikainen, Michael; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fraver, Shawn] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Reinikainen, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rein0331@umn.edu FU Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Minnesota Graduate School; family of Henry L. Hansen FX We are grateful to P. Reinikainen Esq., N. Bolton, M. Austin, J. Segari, P. Klockow, and P. Nelson for valuable field assistance. Thanks to J. Hines and J. Almendinger for assistance in the site selection and review process. Additionally, we would like to thank M. and J. Albers for providing forest health inventory data and D. Nelson, M. Carson and C. Roy for lab assistance. This manuscript was greatly improved by the input of two anonymous reviewers to which we are grateful. This research was supported by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and Grants from the University of Minnesota Graduate School as well as the family of Henry L. Hansen. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 266 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.023 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OM UT WOS:000300751700015 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Ma, ZQ Dey, DC Roberts, SD AF Fan, Zhaofei Ma, Zhongqiu Dey, Daniel C. Roberts, Scott D. TI Response of advance reproduction of oaks and associated species to repeated prescribed fires in upland oak-hickory forests, Missouri SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Prescribed fire; Advance reproduction; Oak-hickory forests; Aggregate height; Logistic regression; Mortality ID SHELTERWOOD STANDS; REGENERATION; OZARKS; SEEDLINGS; SURVIVAL; REGIMES; GROWTH; SINGLE AB The Chilton Creek prescribed burn project was initiated in 1996 by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) to restore native oak woodlands and test the effect of frequent, low intensity surface fires conducted in the dormant season (March-April) on upland oak-hickory forests in the Ozarks of Missouri. Burning treatments on five sites totaling 1000 ha were initiated in 1998. The prescribed burn treatments included: annual burns (one site was burned annually) and periodic burns (four sites were burned with a mean fire return interval of approximately 4 years). Approximately 3000 stems of advance reproduction with basal diameters <= 15.0 cm were measured in 1997 (pre-burn), and remeasured in 1998, 2001 and 2007 as the prescribed burn treatments proceeded. Mortality and changes in average and aggregate total height between 1997 and 2007 were analyzed for fourteen selected tree species. Over a ten-year period prescribed burning reduced stem density, mean height and aggregate height by 57%, 36% and 67%, respectively. However, individual tree species responded differently to the repeated burns. Oaks exhibited moderate mortality (36-54%) compared to hickories, sassafras and winged elm, all of which experienced relatively low mortality (18-35%). Flowering dogwood, shortleaf pine, blackgum and other minor species incurred higher mortality (60-76%). Oaks generally had slightly lower reductions in mean height and aggregate height than associated species with the exception of shortleaf pine, but the differences were mostly non-significant. Repeated burning tended to favor the white oak species (white oak, post oak, chinkapin oak) more than the red oak species (black oak, scarlet oak), although the differences were minor. Shortleaf pine was the only species to show increases in mean height following the ten-year period of prescribed burning. Effects of repeated burns on mortality of advance reproduction changed with stem size (e.g., basal diameter, total height). A logistic model quantified mortality changes as a function of the ratio between total stem height and the square of stem basal diameter. Based on this model, fourteen species were classified into four groups characterized by model intercept and slope: group 1: high intercept and high slope (shortleaf pine, flowering dogwood); group 2: high intercept and low slope (blackgum, other minor species); group 3: low intercept and low slope (sassafras, winged elm, black and pignut hickories); and group 4: low intercept and high slope (oaks, mockernut hickory). Species in groups 3 and 4 are more resistant to repeated fires than those in groups 1 and 2 as indicated by their lower mortality, particularly for stems with larger basal diameters. Among species in groups 3 and 4, oaks will likely be favored over the long term because of their conservative reproduction strategies as suggested by the significance of the regression coefficients for slope. If large advance reproduction is present, shortleaf pine will likely survive repeated low intensity fires and maintain its height and competitive position due to its ability to avoid shoot dieback. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fan, Zhaofei; Ma, Zhongqiu; Roberts, Scott D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fan, ZF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM zfan@cfr.msstate.edu FU National Forest Health Monitoring Program [NC-F-06-02] FX This study was funded by the National Forest Health Monitoring Program (Project No. NC-F-06-02). Mr. Joseph Marshall and the students from the Fire and Tree Ring Lab at the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia helped in data collection. Dr. Alexis Londo reviewed the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers reviewed this manuscript. We thank them all. The manuscript was approved for publication by the Forestry and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University with the publication number: FO-404. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 266 BP 160 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.034 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OM UT WOS:000300751700016 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Luo, YG Millner, P Turner, E Feng, H AF Yang, Yang Luo, Yaguang Millner, Patricia Turner, Ellen Feng, Hao TI Assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 transference from soil to iceberg lettuce via a contaminated field coring harvesting knife SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leafy green; E. coli O157:H7; Coring knife; Soil ID FRESH PRODUCE; O157H7; PERSISTENCE AB The potential for lettuce field-coring harvesting knives to cross-contaminate lettuce heads with pathogens was evaluated. Rings and blades of the harvest knives artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli O157: H7 (EHEC), were used to core three successive heads of iceberg lettuce. The coring rings and blades were inoculated by dipping into soils containing EHEC at concentration ranges of 1-10(5) MPN/g soil. Factors that influenced EHEC transference from soil to iceberg lettuce via contaminated coring knife blade, included water content (WC) of clay and sandy soils. EHEC concentration, and degree of blade contact (stem, medium, and heavy) with edible tissue. High moisture content clay soil was positively associated with high pathogen transference. No EHEC were detected on any cut heads when clay soil contaminated with 10(5) MPN/g EHEC had WC of 20% or less, or when the knife blade was dipped into sandy soil contaminated with EHEC at the same level, regardless of percent WC. The extent to which the harvesting knife blade cut across edible lettuce tissues was also an important factor in the amount of pathogen transference that occurred. EHEC were detectable on first and second sequentially cut lettuce heads when medium-contact was made between knife blade and edible tissues and on all three sequentially cut lettuce heads using the heavy-contact cutting scenario, when the blade was contaminated with 10(4) cfu/g EHEC in clay soil (25% WC). However, when the blade, contaminated at the same soil EHEC level, was used to cut only the stem and had no contact with the edible portion of the lettuce head, no pathogen transference was detected. Under the current CIF harvesting practice, the cutting blade has a higher potential than the coring ring to be contaminated by the soil, but less opportunity to transfer pathogens to harvested lettuce. However, once contaminated, the coring ring has much higher potential than the blade to transfer pathogens to the harvested lettuce. Published by Elsevier BM. C1 [Yang, Yang; Luo, Yaguang; Millner, Patricia; Turner, Ellen] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yang, Yang; Feng, Hao] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Bldg 002,Room 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov FU California Leafy Green Research Board; Center for Produce Safety (CPS) [2009-48] FX We wish to thank Eric Brennan from USDA-ARS (Salinas, CA) and Sam Liu from Taylor Farms (Salinas, CA) for providing the soil samples, Dr. Xiangwu Nou for critical reading of the manuscript. This project was sponsored by California Leafy Green Research Board and Center for Produce Safety (CPS project # 2009-48). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 153 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.024 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 896BS UT WOS:000300541000013 PM 22189025 ER PT J AU Walker, JJ de Beurs, KM Wynne, RH Gao, F AF Walker, J. J. de Beurs, K. M. Wynne, R. H. Gao, F. TI Evaluation of Landsat and MODIS data fusion products for analysis of dryland forest phenology SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Land surface phenology; Drylands; Data fusion; Landsat; MODIS; STARFM ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; EOS-MODIS; DIE-OFF; ALBEDO; RETRIEVAL AB Current satellite sensors provide data of insufficient spatial and temporal resolutions to fully characterize the patchy phenology patterns of dryland forests. The spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) is an algorithm that fuses Landsat 30 m data with MODIS 500 m data to produce synthetic imagery at Landsat spatial resolution and MODIS time steps. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using STARFM to produce synthetic imagery over a dryland vegetation study site for the purpose of tracking phenological changes. We assembled subsets of six Landsat-5 TM scenes and temporally-coincident MODIS datasets spanning the 2006 April-October growing season in central-northern Arizona, which is characterized by large tracts of dryland forest. To investigate the effects of temporal compositing, BRDF-adjustment, and base pair timing on the accuracy of the resulting synthetic imagery, we employed a range of MODIS 500 m surface reflectance datasets (daily, 8-day composite, and 16-day Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR)) as well as initial Landsat/MODIS imagery pairs from opposite ends of the growing season. The STARFM algorithm was applied to each MODIS data series to produce up to twelve synthetic images corresponding to each Landsat image. We evaluated the accuracy of the synthetic images by comparing the reflectance values of a random sample of the vegetation pixels with the corresponding pixel values of the reference Landsat image on a band-by-band basis. Our results indicate that the NBAR imagery is the optimal dataset for use with Landsat-5 TM data in this area. The NBAR dataset consistently returned the lowest absolute difference values and the highest correlations. A comparison of landscape-scale maps of the timing and value of the peak NDVI derived from STARFM, Landsat, and MODIS (NBAR) time series across the full 2006 growing season shows the effect of the heightened spatial and temporal resolution offered by a STARFM-based dataset This work demonstrates the feasibility of using the STARFM algorithm to assemble an imagery time series at Landsat spatial resolution and MODIS temporal resolution in vegetated dryland ecosystems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [de Beurs, K. M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Walker, J. J.; Wynne, R. H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gao, F.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP de Beurs, KM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, 100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM kdebeurs@ou.edu NR 44 TC 84 Z9 95 U1 6 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 894WX UT WOS:000300459300032 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Mao, LY Wang, H Brocker, C Yin, XJ Vasiliou, V Fei, ZJ Wang, XP AF Zhang, Yucheng Mao, Linyong Wang, Hua Brocker, Chad Yin, Xiangjing Vasiliou, Vasilis Fei, Zhangjun Wang, Xiping TI Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Grape Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Gene Superfamily SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID 2 P5CS GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STRESS TOLERANCE; PROLINE ACCUMULATION; DROUGHT STRESS; SALT TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; ORYZA-SATIVA; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB Background: The completion of the grape genome sequencing project has paved the way for novel gene discovery and functional analysis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprise a gene superfamily encoding NAD(P)(+)-dependent enzymes that catalyze the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. Although ALDHs have been systematically investigated in several plant species including Arabidopsis and rice, our knowledge concerning the ALDH genes, their evolutionary relationship and expression patterns in grape has been limited. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total of 23 ALDH genes were identified in the grape genome and grouped into ten families according to the unified nomenclature system developed by the ALDH Gene Nomenclature Committee (AGNC). Members within the same grape ALDH families possess nearly identical exon-intron structures. Evolutionary analysis indicates that both segmental and tandem duplication events have contributed significantly to the expansion of grape ALDH genes. Phylogenetic analysis of ALDH protein sequences from seven plant species indicates that grape ALDHs are more closely related to those of Arabidopsis. In addition, synteny analysis between grape and Arabidopsis shows that homologs of a number of grape ALDHs are found in the corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis, suggesting that these genes arose before the speciation of the grape and Arabidopsis. Microarray gene expression analysis revealed large number of grape ALDH genes responsive to drought or salt stress. Furthermore, we found a number of ALDH genes showed significantly changed expressions in responses to infection with different pathogens and during grape berry development, suggesting novel roles of ALDH genes in plant-pathogen interactions and berry development. Conclusion: The genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analysis of grape ALDH genes should facilitate research in this gene family and provide new insights regarding their evolution history and functional roles in plant stress tolerance. C1 [Zhang, Yucheng; Yin, Xiangjing; Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol & Germplasm Innovat NW Ch, Minist Agr, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yucheng; Wang, Hua] NW A&F Univ, Coll Enol, Shaanxi Engn Res Ctr Viti Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Mao, Linyong; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brocker, Chad; Vasiliou, Vasilis] Univ Colorado, Anschutz Med Ctr, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Mol Toxicol & Environm Hlth Sci Program, Aurora, CO USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. [Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol & Germplasm Innovat NW Ch, Minist Agr, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM zf25@cornell.edu; wangxiping@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Su, Jian Qiang/C-2388-2009; Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur/C-8901-2011; CAS, KLUEH-Cooperation/E-1148-2017; CAS, KLUEH/G-8978-2016 OI Su, Jian Qiang/0000-0003-1875-249X; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871701, 31071782, 30671446]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01EY17963, F31AA018248] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871701, 31071782, and 30671446), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET). Additional support was provided, in part, by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01EY17963 (VV) and F31AA018248 (CB). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 276 Z9 288 U1 6 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e32153 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032153 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 925DP UT WOS:000302741300116 PM 22272293 ER PT J AU Lee, J Dossett, M Finn, CE AF Lee, Jungmin Dossett, Michael Finn, Chad E. TI Rubus fruit phenolic research: The good, the bad, and the confusing SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Flavonoids; Nonflavonoids; Rosaceae; Bramble; Caneberry ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MALDI-TOF-MS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ELLAGIC ACID; BLACK-RASPBERRY; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; BERRY PHENOLICS; RED RASPBERRY; HUMAN HEALTH AB Here we attempt to clarify contemporary scientific findings of Rubus fruit phenolics, focusing mainly on published peer-reviewed work from the last 6 years. Our review focuses on research papers that identified phenolics of Rubus fruit, although other edible parts of Rubus plants (i.e. leaves, roots) also contain phenolics. With an increased awareness given to the potential health benefits of consuming berries high in phenolics, efforts have been directed at enhancing Rubus fruit quality and colour (through plant selection, harvesting, storage, etc.) for processors and consumers alike. Assessment of any progress requires knowing the state of the starting material, so effective research into Rubus phenolics relies upon the accurate identification of the components in Rubus fruit in the initial investigations. We have summarised these reports into three sections: anthocyanins, phenolic monomers other than anthocyanins, and phenolic polymers. More work is needed in identification and quantification, and further opportunities remain for deciphering and clarifying existing phenolic information for Rubus fruit. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, PWA, HCRU Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Dossett, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA, HCRU Worksite, 29603 U 1 Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jlee@uidaho.edu; michael.dossett@agr.gc.ca; chad.finn@ars.usda.gov RI wenjian, wu/G-7517-2011; Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) CRIS [5358-21000-041-00D, 5358-21000-037-00D]; USDA-Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research Center (NCSFR, Corvallis, OR, USA) FX This project was funded by USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) CRIS numbers 5358-21000-041-00D, 5358-21000-037-00D, and a grant funded by USDA-Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research Center (NCSFR, Corvallis, OR, USA). NR 134 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 130 IS 4 BP 785 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.022 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836PW UT WOS:000296124600002 ER PT J AU Brake, DK de Leon, AAP AF Brake, Danett K. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez TI Immunoregulation of bovine macrophages by factors in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus microplus SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID BOS-INDICUS CATTLE; CD4(+) T-CELLS; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; BABESIA-BOVIS; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; LANGERHANS CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DENDRITIC CELLS; GUINEA-PIGS AB Background: Alternative strategies are required to control the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, due to evolving resistance to commercially available acaricides. This invasive ectoparasite is a vector of economically important diseases of cattle such as bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. An understanding of the biological intricacies underlying vector-host-pathogen interactions is required to innovate sustainable tick management strategies that can ultimately mitigate the impact of animal and zoonotic tick-borne diseases. Tick saliva contains molecules evolved to impair host innate and adaptive immune responses, which facilitates blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Antigen presenting cells are central to the development of robust T cell responses including Th1 and Th2 determination. In this study we examined changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine response of bovine macrophages exposed to salivary gland extracts (SGE) obtained from 2-3 day fed, pathogen-free adult R. microplus. Methods: Peripheral blood-derived macrophages were treated for 1 hr with 1, 5, or 10 mu g/mL of SGE followed by 1, 6, 24 hr of 1 mu g/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Real-time PCR and cytokine ELISA were used to measure changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine response. Results: Changes were observed in co-stimulatory molecule expression of bovine macrophages in response to R. microplus SGE exposure. After 6 hrs, CD86, but not CD80, was preferentially up-regulated on bovine macrophages when treated with 1 mu g/ml SGE and then LPS, but not SGE alone. At 24 hrs CD80, CD86, and CD69 expression was increased with LPS, but was inhibited by the addition of SGE. SGE also inhibited LPS induced upregulation of TNF alpha, IFN gamma and IL-12 cytokines, but did not alter IL-4 or CD40 mRNA expression. Conclusions: Molecules from the salivary glands of adult R. microplus showed bimodal concentration-, and time-dependent effects on differential up-regulation of CD86 in bovine macrophages activated by the TLR4-ligand, LPS. Up regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and IL-12, a Th1 promoting cytokine, were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The co-stimulatory molecules CD80, as well as the cell activation marker, CD69, were also suppressed in macrophages exposed to SGE. Continued investigation of the immunomodulatory factors will provide the knowledge base to research and develop therapeutic or prophylactic interventions targeting R. microplus-cattle interactions at the blood-feeding interface. C1 [Brake, Danett K.; de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Brake, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksberg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM danett.brake@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6205-32000-031-00D] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Our appreciation goes to Jason Tidwell for technical assistance, Keith Shelley and Larry Camarillo for animal care and sample acquisition. This study was financially supported by USDA-ARS appropriated project 6205-32000-031-00D. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 5 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-5-38 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 920QE UT WOS:000302421000001 PM 22333193 ER PT J AU Monson-Miller, J Sanchez-Mendez, DC Fass, J Henry, IM Tai, TH Comai, L AF Monson-Miller, Jennifer Sanchez-Mendez, Diana C. Fass, Joseph Henry, Isabelle M. Tai, Thomas H. Comai, Luca TI Reference genome-independent assessment of mutation density using restriction enzyme-phased sequencing SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SNP DISCOVERY; MARKERS; BARLEY; RICE; IMPROVEMENTS; RESOURCE; MAP AB Background: The availability of low cost sequencing has spurred its application to discovery and typing of variation, including variation induced by mutagenesis. Mutation discovery is challenging as it requires a substantial amount of sequencing and analysis to detect very rare changes and distinguish them from noise. Also challenging are the cases when the organism of interest has not been sequenced or is highly divergent from the reference. Results: We describe the development of a simple method for reduced representation sequencing. Input DNA was digested with a single restriction enzyme and ligated to Y adapters modified to contain a sequence barcode and to provide a compatible overhang for ligation. We demonstrated the efficiency of this method at SNP discovery using rice and arabidopsis. To test its suitability for the discovery of very rare SNP, one control and three mutagenized rice individuals (1, 5 and 10 mM sodium azide) were used to prepare genomic libraries for Illumina sequencers by ligating barcoded adapters to NlaIII restriction sites. For genome-dependent discovery 15-30 million of 80 base reads per individual were aligned to the reference sequence achieving individual sequencing coverage from 7 to 15x. We identified high-confidence base changes by comparing sequences across individuals and identified instances consistent with mutations, i.e. changes that were found in a single treated individual and were solely GC to AT transitions. For genome-independent discovery 70-mers were extracted from the sequence of the control individual and single-copy sequence was identified by comparing the 70-mers across samples to evaluate copy number and variation. This de novo "genome" was used to align the reads and identify mutations as above. Covering approximately 1/5 of the 380 Mb genome of rice we detected mutation densities ranging from 0.6 to 4 per Mb of diploid DNA depending on the mutagenic treatment. Conclusions: The combination of a simple and cost-effective library construction method, with Illumina sequencing, and the use of a bioinformatic pipeline allows practical SNP discovery regardless of whether a genomic reference is available. C1 [Monson-Miller, Jennifer; Henry, Isabelle M.; Comai, Luca] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Monson-Miller, Jennifer; Fass, Joseph; Henry, Isabelle M.; Comai, Luca] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sanchez-Mendez, Diana C.; Tai, Thomas H.] ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Comai, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lcomai@ucdavis.edu OI Henry, Isabelle/0000-0002-6796-1119; Comai, Luca/0000-0003-2642-6619 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5306-21000-017-00D]; International Atomic Energy Agency [58-5306-0-112F]; NSF [DBI-0822383] FX We thank Meric Lieberman for help in the bioinformatic analysis. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5306-21000-017-00D (THT), International Atomic Energy Agency 58-5306-0-112F (THT), International Atomic Energy Agency Fellowship (DCSM), and by NSF Plant Genome award DBI-0822383, TRPGR: Efficient identification of induced mutations in crop species by ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing (JMM, IMH and LC). NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 72 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-72 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 914CZ UT WOS:000301927700001 PM 22333298 ER PT J AU Fellbaum, CR Gachomo, EW Beesetty, Y Choudhari, S Strahan, GD Pfeffer, PE Kiers, ET Bucking, H AF Fellbaum, Carl R. Gachomo, Emma W. Beesetty, Yugandhar Choudhari, Sulbha Strahan, Gary D. Pfeffer, Philip E. Kiers, E. Toby Buecking, Heike TI Carbon availability triggers fungal nitrogen uptake and transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; arginine catabolism; carbon transport; Glomus intraradices; urea cycle ID GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; ORGANIC MATERIAL; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT; METABOLISM; ACQUISITION; STABILITY AB The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, formed between the majority of land plants and ubiquitous soil fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, is responsible for massive nutrient transfer and global carbon sequestration. AM fungi take up nutrients from the soil and exchange them against photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) from the host. Recent studies have demonstrated that reciprocal reward strategies by plant and fungal partners guarantee a "fair trade" of phosphorus against C between partners [Kiers ET, et al. (2011) Science 333: 880-882], but whether a similar reward mechanism also controls nitrogen (N) flux in the AM symbiosis is not known. Using mycorrhizal root organ cultures, we manipulated the C supply to the host and fungus and followed the uptake and transport of N sources in the AM symbiosis, the enzymatic activities of arginase and urease, and fungal gene expression in the extraradical and intraradical mycelium. We found that the C supply of the host plant triggers the uptake and transport of N in the symbiosis, and that the increase in N transport is orchestrated by changes in fungal gene expression. N transport in the symbiosis is stimulated only when the C is delivered by the host across the mycorrhizal interface, not when C is supplied directly to the fungal extraradical mycelium in the form of acetate. These findings support the importance of C flux from the root to the fungus as a key trigger for N uptake and transport and provide insight into the N transport regulation in the AM symbiosis. C1 [Fellbaum, Carl R.; Gachomo, Emma W.; Buecking, Heike] S Dakota State Univ, Biol & Microbiol Dept, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gachomo, Emma W.; Beesetty, Yugandhar; Choudhari, Sulbha; Buecking, Heike] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. [Strahan, Gary D.; Pfeffer, Philip E.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Kiers, E. Toby] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Bucking, H (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Biol & Microbiol Dept, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM heike.bucking@sdstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [0943338, 1051397]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research FX We thank Chunjie Tian for assistance with RNA extraction and quantitative PCR in the preliminary experiments; David Douds for a critical review of the manuscript; and Jerry A. Mensah, Joseph Lee, and Lindsay Rogers for technical assistance with P analysis and Kjeldahl degradation. Financial support was provided by National Science Foundation IOS Awards 0943338 and 1051397 and a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Vidi and Meervoud Grant (to E.T.K.). NR 40 TC 102 Z9 120 U1 23 U2 212 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 7 BP 2666 EP 2671 DI 10.1073/pnas.1118650109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895IH UT WOS:000300489200097 PM 22308426 ER PT J AU Rector, BG Petanovic, RU AF Rector, Brian G. Petanovic, Radmila U. TI A new species of Aculops (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) from Serbia on Dipsacus laciniatus L. (Dipsacaceae), a weed target of classical biological control in the United States of America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE biological control of weeds; Eriophyoidea; invasive species; mite; systematics ID MITES; SPP. AB A new eriophyoid mite species, Aculops orlovacae n. sp. (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) collected from Dipsacus laciniatus L. (Dipsacaceae) in northern Serbia, is described and illustrated, including digital micrographs depicting key morphological characters. Differential diagnosis is provided in comparison with Aculops salixis Xue, Song et Hong, Aculops rhodensis (Keifer), Aculops hussongi Keifer and Aculops oblongus (Nalepa). This is the first eriophyoid mite species in the genus Aculops described from a host plant in the family Dipsacaceae and it is only the second eriophyoid known from a host species in the genus Dipsacus L. This mite was found during surveys for natural enemies of Dipsacus spp., as part of a classical biological control program. C1 [Rector, Brian G.] ARS, USDA, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Petanovic, Radmila U.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol & Agr Zool, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brian.rector@ars.usda.gov; rpetanov@agrif.bg.ac.rs FU Ministry of Science and Environment of Republic of Serbia [43001] FX The authors would like to thank Mrs. Dragica Smiljanic, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade for technical illustrations, as well as Prof. Vili Harizanova and Dr. Atanaska Stoeva, Dept. of Entomology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, for assistance during field surveys. We also are indebted to the two anonymous reviewers for improvement of the manuscript. The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Environment of Republic of Serbia, Grant #43001. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 14 PY 2012 IS 3192 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 891XR UT WOS:000300250600005 ER PT J AU Yang, TB Peng, H Whitaker, BD Conway, WS AF Yang, Tianbao Peng, Hui Whitaker, Bruce D. Conway, William S. TI Characterization of a calcium/calmodulin-regulated SR/CAMTA gene family during tomato fruit development and ripening SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEINS; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; SHELF-LIFE; ETHYLENE; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; COLD; INFILTRATION; SENESCENCE AB Background: Fruit ripening is a complicated development process affected by a variety of external and internal cues. It is well established that calcium treatment delays fruit ripening and senescence. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Results: Previous studies have shown that calcium/calmodulin-regulated SR/CAMTAs are important for modulation of disease resistance, cold sensitivity and wounding response in vegetative tissues. To study the possible roles of this gene family in fruit development and ripening, we cloned seven SR/CAMTAs, designated as SlSRs, from tomato, a model fruit-bearing crop. All seven genes encode polypeptides with a conserved DNA-binding domain and a calmodulin-binding site. Calmodulin specifically binds to the putative targeting site in a calcium-dependent manner. All SlSRs were highly yet differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening. Most notably, the expression of SlSR2 was scarcely detected at the mature green and breaker stages, two critical stages of fruit development and ripening; and SlSR3L and SlSR4 were expressed exclusively in fruit tissues. During the developmental span from 10 to 50 days post anthesis, the expression profiles of all seven SlSRs were dramatically altered in ripening mutant rin compared with wildtype fruit. By contrast, only minor alterations were noted for ripening mutant nor and Nr fruit. In addition, ethylene treatment of mature green wildtype fruit transiently stimulated expression of all SlSRs within one to two hours. Conclusions: This study indicates that SlSR expression is influenced by both the Rin-mediated developmental network and ethylene signaling. The results suggest that calcium signaling is involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening through calcium/calmodulin/SlSR interactions. C1 [Yang, Tianbao; Peng, Hui; Whitaker, Bruce D.; Conway, William S.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, TB (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tianbao.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 31 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD FEB 13 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-19 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 904MG UT WOS:000301200800001 PM 22330838 ER PT J AU Viana, H Aranha, J Lopes, D Cohen, WB AF Viana, H. Aranha, J. Lopes, D. Cohen, Warren B. TI Estimation of crown biomass of Pinus pinaster stands and shrubland above-ground biomass using forest inventory data, remotely sensed imagery and spatial prediction models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Above-ground biomass; Remote sensing; Geostatistics; Regression-kriging; Pinus pinaster; Shrub land ID LANDSAT-ETM+ DATA; GEOSTATISTICAL METHODS; SOIL PROPERTIES; BOREAL FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; NEURAL-NETWORKS; SATELLITE DATA; TREE BIOMASS; REGRESSION; VARIABLES AB Spatially crown biomass of Pinus pinaster stands and shrubland above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation was carried-out in a region located in Centre-North Portugal, by means of different approaches including forest inventory data, remotely sensed imagery and spatial prediction models. Two cover types (pine stands and shrubland) were inventoried and biomass assessed in a total of 276 sample field plots. We compared AGB spatial predictions derived from Direct Radiometric Relationships (DRR) of remotely sensed data; and the geostatistical method Regression-kriging (RK), using remotely sensed data as auxiliary variables. Also, Ordinary Kriging (OK), Universal Kriging (UK), Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Thiessen Polygons estimations were performed and tested. The comparison of AGB maps shows distinct predictions among DRR and RK; and Kriging and deterministic methods, indicating the inadequacy from these later ones to map AGB over large areas. DRR and RK methods produced lower statistical error values, in pine stands and shrubland, when compared to kriging and deterministic interpolators. Since forest landscape is not continuous variable, the tested forest variables showed low spatial autocorrelation, which makes kriging methods unsuitable to these purposes. Despite the geostatistical method RK did not increase the accuracy of estimates developed by DRR, denser sampling schemes and different auxiliary variables should be explored, in order to test if the accuracy of predictions is improved. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Viana, H.] Polytech Inst Viseu, Agr Super Sch, Ctr Estudos Educ Tecnol & Saude, P-3500606 Quinta Da Alagoa, Viseu, Portugal. [Viana, H.; Aranha, J.; Lopes, D.] Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, CITAB, P-5001801 Vila Real, Portugal. [Cohen, Warren B.] USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Viana, H (reprint author), Polytech Inst Viseu, Agr Super Sch, Ctr Estudos Educ Tecnol & Saude, P-3500606 Quinta Da Alagoa, Viseu, Portugal. EM hviana@esav.ipv.pt RI Aranha, Jose/A-8222-2013; Lopes, Domingos/K-7039-2013; Viana, Helder/B-2885-2010 OI Aranha, Jose/0000-0003-3171-2951; Lopes, Domingos/0000-0001-8912-6440; Viana, Helder/0000-0003-4024-3472 FU Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) [SFRH/PROTEC/49626/2009] FX Authors would like to express their acknowledgement to the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), programme SFRH/PROTEC/49626/2009. NR 94 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 226 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.11.027 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912PU UT WOS:000301812900003 ER PT J AU Moon, J Liu, ZL AF Moon, Jaewoong Liu, Z. Lewis TI Engineered NADH-dependent GRE2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by directed enzyme evolution enhances HMF reduction using additional cofactor NADPH SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aldehyde reductase activity; Error-prone PCR; Evolutionary engineering; Stress tolerance ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION; ETHANOLOGENIC YEAST; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ALDEHYDE REDUCTION; PROTEIN FUNCTIONS; XYLOSE REDUCTASE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; INHIBITORS; GENE; SPECIFICITY AB Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are inhibitors generated by lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment such as dilute acid hydrolysis that inhibit microbial growth and interfere with subsequent fermentation. It is possible to in situ detoxify these inhibitory compounds by aldehyde reductions using tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YOL151W (GRE2) is a commonly recognized up-regulated gene expressed under stress conditions that encodes reductase activities toward furfural and HMF using cofactor NADH. Applying a directed enzyme evolution approach, we altered the genetic code of GRE2 yielding two mutants with amino acid substitutions of Gln261 to Arg261 and Phe283 to Leu283; and Ile107 to Val107, Gln261 to Arg261. and Val285 to Asp285 for strain Y62-C11 and Y62-G6, respectively. Clones of these mutants showed faster growth rates and were able to establish viable cultures under 30 mM HMF challenges when compared with a wild type GRE2 clone when inoculated into synthetic medium containing this inhibitor. Compared with the wild type control, crude cell extracts of the two mutants showed 3- to 4-fold and 3- to 9-fold increased specific enzyme activity using NADH toward HMF and furfural reduction, respectively. While retaining its aldehyde reductase activities using the cofactor NADH, mutant Y62-G6 displayed significantly greater reductase activities using NADPH as the cofactor with 13- and 15-fold increase toward furfural and HMF, respectively, as measured by its partially purified protein. Using reverse engineering and site directed mutagenesis methods, we were able to confirm that the amino acid substitution of the Asp285 is responsible for the increased aldehyde reductase activities by utilizing the additional cofactor NADPH. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moon, Jaewoong; Liu, Z. Lewis] USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Headquarter; National Research Initiative of National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35504-17359] FX We thank Scott Weber, Menggen Ma, and Stephanie Thompson for technical assistance; and to Michael A. Cotta for critical reading the manuscript and helpful comments. This study was supported by a USDA Headquarter Postdoctorate Research Associate Program award and in part supported by the National Research Initiative of National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant number 2006-35504-17359. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.10.007 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 891YV UT WOS:000300253900005 PM 22226197 ER PT J AU Santin, M Dargatz, D Fayer, R AF Santin, Monica Dargatz, David Fayer, Ronald TI Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in weaned cattle on cow-calf operations in the United States SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Genotype; Giardia; PCR; Prevalence ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP.; DAIRY CALVES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FARM-ANIMALS; BEEF-CALVES; GENOTYPES; INFECTION; CANADA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ONTARIO AB To determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in weaned beef calves on cow-calf operations in the United States, fecal specimens were collected from 819 calves (6-18 months of age) from 49 operations. After cleaning and concentration procedures to maximize recovery of cysts from feces, DNA was extracted from each of the 819 specimens. The presence of G. duodenalis was determined by nested PCR of a fragment of the SSU rRNA gene. All positive PCR products were subjected to sequence analysis. The overall sample level prevalence of Giardia was 33.5% with prevalence ranging from 0 to 100% among operations. The highest within herd prevalence of infected beef calves was found in one cow-calf operation from the South region (100%), followed by a cow-calf operation from the West region (90%), and three cow-calf operations from the Midwest region (87.5, 85, and 85%). Giardia was not detected in samples from 7 operations including 5 cow-calf operations from the South region, and 1 cow-calf operation each from the Midwest and West regions. Molecular analysis of the Giardia-positive samples identified assemblage E (or E-like) in 31.7% of all samples (260/819) and assemblage A in 1.2% (10/819). A mixed infection with assemblages A and E was observed in four calves from an operation in Midwest region. The potentially zoonotic assemblage A was detected in specimens from four operations in Midwest region. These findings indicate that most G. duodenalis found in weaned beef calves was assemblage E which represents no known zoonotic threat. However, the presence of assemblage A in a small number of animals poses a potential risk of infection to humans. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dargatz, David] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Santin, M (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM monica.santin-duran@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 183 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.042 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 881CM UT WOS:000299458100005 PM 21885196 ER PT J AU Tian, M Chen, YX Wu, LO Rosenthal, BM Liu, X He, YS Dunams, DB Cui, LW Yang, ZQ AF Tian, Ming Chen, Yuanxiao Wu, Lanou Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Liu, Xu He, Yongshu Dunams, Detiger B. Cui, Liwang Yang, Zhaoqing TI Phylogenetic analysis of Sarcocystis nesbitti (Coccidia: Sarcocystidae) suggests a snake as its probable definitive host SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis; 18S rRNA gene; Phylogenetic analysis; Definitive host; Monkey ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; SINGAPORENSIS; EVOLUTION; MUSCLE; APICOMPLEXA; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; CATTLE; TREES; SPP. AB Sarcocystis nesbitti was first described by Mandour in 1969 from rhesus monkey muscle. Its definitive host remains unknown. 18S rRNA gene of S. nesbitti was amplified, sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Among those congeners available for comparison, it shares closest affinity with those species of Sarcocystis which use snakes as definitive hosts. We therefore hypothesize that a snake may serve as the definitive host for S. nesbitti. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tian, Ming; Yang, Zhaoqing] Kunming Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Tian, Ming; Chen, Yuanxiao; He, Yongshu] Kunming Med Univ, Cell Biol & Genet Dept, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Wu, Lanou] Kunming Med Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xu] Kunming Med Univ, Biomed Engn Res Ctr, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.; Dunams, Detiger B.] Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cui, Liwang] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Yang, ZQ (reprint author), Kunming Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, 1168 W Chunrong Rd, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. EM zhaoqingy@yahoo.com OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30560022, 30960050]; USDA [1265-1400-11]; Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation [2005C0009Z, 2010ZC108] FX This study was funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30560022 and 30960050). Dr. Rosenthal is supported by USDA project 1265-1400-11 "Molecular Systematics and Comparative Population Genetics of Parasitic Organisms that Threaten Food Safety and Security. Dr. Xu Liu is supported by Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation (2005C0009Z). Mr. Ming Tian is supported by Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation (2010ZC108). The USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 183 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.034 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 881CM UT WOS:000299458100025 PM 21852042 ER PT J AU Almora, EGA Huntington, GB Burns, JC AF Alvarez Almora, E. G. Huntington, G. B. Burns, J. C. TI Effects of supplemental urea sources and feeding frequency on ruminal fermentation, fiber digestion, and nitrogen balance in beef steers SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Urea; Fiber; Digestion; Steers ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; FED ENDOPHYTE-FREE; DIURNAL-VARIATION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; TALL FESCUE; HAY; METABOLISM; RUMEN; DEGRADABILITY AB The objective of two experiments was to evaluate non-protein N supplementation with protected urea sources in terms of rumen fermentation products, nutrient digestibility, and N balance in ruminally fistulated beef steers (initial bodyweight 239 +/- 18 kg) fed switch-grass hay. Experiment 1 compared urea with Optigen II(R), and Experiment 2 compared urea with RumaPro(R). In both experiments, supplements (400 g/kg of daily dietary dry matter) were fed once daily or every 2 h in a balanced design. Supplements contained soybean hulls, corn grain, vitamins, and minerals as well as non-protein N sources. Non-protein N provided 0.18 g/g of dietary N. Switchgrass hay was fed once daily, at the same time as the supplement in the once-daily treatments. Dry matter intake (4.1 kg/d in Experiment 1, 4.5 kg/d in Experiment 2), dry matter digestibility (P<0.25, 0.58 +/- 0.014 g/g in Experiment 1, 0.58 +/- 0.010 g/g in Experiment 2), N balance (P<0.83, 11.3 +/- 1.9 g/d in Experiment 1, 11.8 +/- 3.6 g/d in Experiment 2), ruminal ammonia concentrations (P<0.29, 15.2 +/- 1.4 mM in Experiment 1, 11.8 +/- 0.6 mM in Experiment 2), and ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentrations (P<0.13, 77.7 +/- 3.0 mM in Experiment 1, 75.4 +/- 3.0 mM in Experiment 2) were not affected by feeding protected urea sources. Providing a steady supply of ruminally degradable N by feeding supplement every 2 h vs once daily decreased ruminal ammonia concentrations by approximately one-half by 4 h after feeding hay (P<0.01 in both experiments) and increased (P<0.02 in Experiment 1, P<0.08) in Experiment 2) apparent digestibility of dry matter (0.58-0.62 in Experiment 1, 0.56-0.61 in Experiment 2) and dietary fiber components. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huntington, G. B.; Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Alvarez Almora, E. G.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico. [Burns, J. C.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Huntington, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gerald_huntington@ncsu.edu FU Alltech Inc., Lexington, KY, USA; Unipro international, Greeley, CO, USA FX This research was supported in part by Alltech Inc., Lexington, KY, USA, and Unipro international, 5626 W. 19th Street, Greeley, CO, USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 171 IS 2-4 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.10.012 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 887ZB UT WOS:000299972500007 ER PT J AU Cheng, YX Luo, LZ Jiang, XF Sappington, TW AF Cheng, Yun Xia Luo, Li Zhi Jiang, Xing Fu Sappington, Thomas W. TI Synchronized Oviposition Triggered by Migratory Flight Intensifies Larval Outbreaks of Beet Webworm SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LOXOSTEGE-STICTICALIS LEPIDOPTERA; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; SPODOPTERA-EXEMPTA; GRYLLUS-TEXENSIS; ARMYWORM MOTH; INSECTS; REPRODUCTION; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR; CAPABILITY AB Identifying the reproductive consequences of insect migration is critical to understanding its ecological and evolutionary significance. However, many empirical studies are seemingly contradictory, making recognition of unifying themes elusive and controversial. The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L. is a long-range migratory pest of many crops in the northern temperate zone from 36 degrees N to 55 degrees N, with larval populations often exploding in regions receiving immigrants. In laboratory experiments, we examined (i) the reproductive costs of migratory flight by tethered flight, and (ii) the reproductive traits contributing to larval outbreaks of immigrant populations. Our results suggest that the beet webworm does not initiate migratory flight until the 2nd or 3rd night after emergence. Preoviposition period, lifetime fecundity, mating capacity, and egg hatch rate for adults that experienced prolonged flight after the 2nd night did not differ significantly from unflown moths, suggesting these traits are irrelevant to the severity of beet webworm outbreaks after migration. However, the period of first oviposition, a novel parameter developed in this paper measuring synchrony of first egg-laying by cohorts of post-migratory females, for moths flown on d 3 and 5 of adulthood was shorter than that of unflown moths, indicating a tightened time-window for onset of oviposition after migration. The resulting synchrony of egg-laying will serve to increase egg and subsequent larval densities. A dense population offers potential selective advantages to the individual larvae comprising it, whereas the effect from the human standpoint is intensification of damage by an outbreak population. The strategy of synchronized oviposition may be common in other migratory insect pests, such as locust and armyworm species, and warrants further study. C1 [Cheng, Yun Xia; Luo, Li Zhi; Jiang, Xing Fu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Sappington, Thomas W.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab ISU, Ames, IA USA. RP Cheng, YX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM lzluo@ippcaas.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071677]; National Department of Public Benefit [201003079] FX This work was financially supported by projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 31071677), and of the National Department of Public Benefit (No: 201003079). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 9 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31562 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031562 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924ZQ UT WOS:000302730200024 PM 22347494 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Warnick, TA Pattathil, S Alvelo-Maurosa, JG Serapiglia, MJ McCormick, H Brown, V Young, NF Schnell, DJ Smart, LB Hahn, MG Pedersen, JF Leschine, SB Hazen, SP AF Lee, Scott J. Warnick, Thomas A. Pattathil, Sivakumar Alvelo-Maurosa, Jesus G. Serapiglia, Michelle J. McCormick, Heather Brown, Virginia Young, Naomi F. Schnell, Danny J. Smart, Lawrence B. Hahn, Michael G. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Leschine, Susan B. Hazen, Samuel P. TI Biological conversion assay using Clostridium phytofermentans to estimate plant feedstock quality SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; LIGNIN MODIFICATION; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; REDUCED LIGNIN; SORGHUM; GENE; DIGESTIBILITY; FORAGE AB Background: There is currently considerable interest in developing renewable sources of energy. One strategy is the biological conversion of plant biomass to liquid transportation fuel. Several technical hurdles impinge upon the economic feasibility of this strategy, including the development of energy crops amenable to facile deconstruction. Reliable assays to characterize feedstock quality are needed to measure the effects of pre-treatment and processing and of the plant and microbial genetic diversity that influence bioconversion efficiency. Results: We used the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium phytofermentans to develop a robust assay for biomass digestibility and conversion to biofuels. The assay utilizes the ability of the microbe to convert biomass directly into ethanol with little or no pre-treatment. Plant samples were added to an anaerobic minimal medium and inoculated with C. phytofermentans, incubated for 3 days, after which the culture supernatant was analyzed for ethanol concentration. The assay detected significant differences in the supernatant ethanol from wild-type sorghum compared with brown midrib sorghum mutants previously shown to be highly digestible. Compositional analysis of the biomass before and after inoculation suggested that differences in xylan metabolism were partly responsible for the differences in ethanol yields. Additionally, we characterized the natural genetic variation for conversion efficiency in Brachypodium distachyon and shrub willow (Salix spp.). Conclusion: Our results agree with those from previous studies of lignin mutants using enzymatic saccharification-based approaches. However, the use of C. phytofermentans takes into consideration specific organismal interactions, which will be crucial for simultaneous saccharification fermentation or consolidated bioprocessing. The ability to detect such phenotypic variation facilitates the genetic analysis of mechanisms underlying plant feedstock quality. C1 [Lee, Scott J.; Young, Naomi F.; Hazen, Samuel P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lee, Scott J.] Univ Massachusetts, Plant Biol Grad Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Warnick, Thomas A.; Alvelo-Maurosa, Jesus G.; Leschine, Susan B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Schnell, Danny J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pattathil, Sivakumar; McCormick, Heather; Brown, Virginia; Hahn, Michael G.] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Serapiglia, Michelle J.; Smart, Lawrence B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Hazen, SP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM hazen@bio.umass.edu OI Hahn, Michael/0000-0003-2136-5191; Smart, Lawrence/0000-0002-7812-7736; , Sivakumar Pattathil/0000-0003-3870-4137 FU Office of Science (BER) Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64700DE]; BioEnergy Science Center, a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX This research was supported by Office of Science (BER) Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-08ER64700DE to SPH and by the BioEnergy Science Center (SP, HM, VB, MGH), which is a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. We thank Brian Whitcomb (School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst) for assistance with statistical analysis. We thank Dominick Matos and Jessica Sysopha (Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst) for expert assistance with micrograph image preparation and sample preparation, respectively. The CCRC series of plant glycan-directed antibodies was generated with support from the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program (DBI-0421683) to MGH. We thank the Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit for providing sorghum accessions. We thank George Huber (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst) and the UMass Biofuels Research Laboratory for generous access to the HPLC equipment. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 5 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-5-5 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 939HG UT WOS:000303799500001 PM 22316115 ER PT J AU Bevins, SN Carver, S Boydston, EE Lyren, LM Alldredge, M Logan, KA Riley, SPD Fisher, RN Vickers, TW Boyce, W Salman, M Lappin, MR Crooks, KR VandeWoude, S AF Bevins, Sarah N. Carver, Scott Boydston, Erin E. Lyren, Lisa M. Alldredge, Mat Logan, Kenneth A. Riley, Seth P. D. Fisher, Robert N. Vickers, T. Winston Boyce, Walter Salman, Mo Lappin, Michael R. Crooks, Kevin R. VandeWoude, Sue TI Three Pathogens in Sympatric Populations of Pumas, Bobcats, and Domestic Cats: Implications for Infectious Disease Transmission SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BARTONELLA INFECTION; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; PREVALENCE; RISK; WILD; CONSERVATION AB Anthropogenic landscape change can lead to increased opportunities for pathogen transmission between domestic and non-domestic animals. Pumas, bobcats, and domestic cats are sympatric in many areas of North America and share many of the same pathogens, some of which are zoonotic. We analyzed bobcat, puma, and feral domestic cat samples collected from targeted geographic areas. We examined exposure to three pathogens that are taxonomically diverse (bacterial, protozoal, viral), that incorporate multiple transmission strategies (vector-borne, environmental exposure/ingestion, and direct contact), and that vary in species-specificity. Bartonella spp., Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), and Toxoplasma gondii IgG were detected in all three species with mean respective prevalence as follows: puma 16%, 41% and 75%; bobcat 31%, 22% and 43%; domestic cat 45%, 10% and 1%. Bartonella spp. were highly prevalent among domestic cats in Southern California compared to other cohort groups. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus exposure was primarily associated with species and age, and was not influenced by geographic location. Pumas were more likely to be infected with FIV than bobcats, with domestic cats having the lowest infection rate. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence was high in both pumas and bobcats across all sites; in contrast, few domestic cats were seropositive, despite the fact that feral, free ranging domestic cats were targeted in this study. Interestingly, a directly transmitted species-specific disease (FIV) was not associated with geographic location, while exposure to indirectly transmitted diseases - vector-borne for Bartonella spp. and ingestion of oocysts via infected prey or environmental exposure for T. gondii - varied significantly by site. Pathogens transmitted by direct contact may be more dependent upon individual behaviors and intra-specific encounters. Future studies will integrate host density, as well as landscape features, to better understand the mechanisms driving disease exposure and to predict zones of cross-species pathogen transmission among wild and domestic felids. C1 [Bevins, Sarah N.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. [Carver, Scott; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.; Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Alldredge, Mat] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Logan, Kenneth A.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Montrose, CO USA. [Riley, Seth P. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Vickers, T. Winston; Boyce, Walter] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Salman, Mo; Lappin, Michael R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bevins, SN (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. EM bevins@rams.colostate.edu RI Carver, Scott/J-7654-2014 OI Carver, Scott/0000-0002-3579-7588 FU NSF [NSF EF-0723676] FX This study was supported by NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF EF-0723676). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31403 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031403 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924ZP UT WOS:000302730100067 PM 22347471 ER PT J AU Frazier-Wood, AC Kabagambe, EK Borecki, IB Tiwari, HK Ordovas, JM Arnett, DK AF Frazier-Wood, Alexis C. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Borecki, Ingrid B. Tiwari, Hemant K. Ordovas, Jose M. Arnett, Donna K. TI Preliminary Evidence for an Association between LRP-1 Genotype and Body Mass Index in Humans SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; LDL RECEPTOR; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; CZECH POPULATION; PROTEIN; POLYMORPHISMS; MODULATION; EXPRESSION; OBESITY AB Background/Aims: The LDL receptor-related protein-1 gene (LRP-1) has been associated with obesity in animal models, but no such association has yet been reported in humans. As data suggest this increase in fat mass may be mediated through a mechanism involving the clearance of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL), where the LRP interacts with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on chylomicron remnants, we aimed to examine (1) whether there was an association between 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on LRP-1 with body mass index (BMI) and (2) whether any association between LRP-1 SNPs and BMI could be modified by polymorphisms on the ApoE gene when comparing the wild type epsilon 3/epsilon 3 genotype against mutant ApoE allele (epsilon 2/epsilon 4) carriers. Methods/Results: We used data from 1,036 men and women (mean age +/- SD = 49 +/- 16 y) participating in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study. Mixed linear models, which controlled for age, sex, alcohol intake and smoking, as well as family pedigree and center of data collection were calculated. Models that used LRP-1 genotype as a predictor of BMI revealed that individuals who were homozygous for the minor allele at the LRP-1 I10701 locus had BMIs, on average, 1.03 kg/m(2) higher than major allele carriers (P = 0.03). In subsequent mixed linear models that included main effects of LRP-1 I10701 SNP and ApoE alleles, and an interaction term the two genotypes, there was no interaction detected between the LRP-1 I70701 genotype with either the ApoE epsilon 2 or epsilon 4 allele carriers (P>0.05). Conclusions: This has implications for starting to understand pathways from genotype to human BMI, which may operate through TGRL uptake at the LRP-1 receptor. This may pave the way for future research into individualized dietary interventions. C1 [Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.; Tiwari, Hemant K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Off Energet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Nutr Obes Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain. RP Frazier-Wood, AC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM LekkiWood@Gmail.com RI Frazier-Wood, Alexis (Lekki)/B-8053-2010; OI Frazier-Wood, Alexis (Lekki)/0000-0001-7616-2119; Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [U01HL072524] FX This study was funded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant number U01HL072524. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e30732 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030732 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924ZP UT WOS:000302730100023 PM 22347399 ER PT J AU Beck, JJ AF Beck, John J. TI Addressing the Complexity and Diversity of Agricultural Plant Volatiles: A Call for the Integration of Laboratory- and Field-Based Analyses SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE agricultural; ambient; ex situ; fungal; host plant; insect pest; in situ; plant-insect; semiochemicals; volatiles ID CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; PEST-MANAGEMENT; ALMONDS; IDENTIFICATION; PARASITOIDS; HERBIVORES; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; EMISSIONS; BEETLE AB As the sophistication and sensitivity of chemical instrumentation increase, so does the number of applications. Correspondingly, new questions and opportunities for systems previously studied also arise. As with most plants, the emission of volatiles from agricultural products is complex and varies among commodities. Volatiles are indicative of characteristics such as food quality, cultivar type, phenological stage, and biotic and abiotic stressors; thus, their systematic and accurate evaluation is important. Early volatile analyses entailed removal of the sample matrix in question, transport to the laboratory, and subsequent investigation. More recently, scientists are moving the laboratory to the field to obtain realistic emission patterns of the sample in its natural environment. This perspective proposes that a methodical and collaborative approach to the complex relationship between volatiles and agricultural commodities and their various phenological stages, oxidative degradation products, and fungal contamination is needed in order to fully comprehend the sample and associated relationships as a whole. These methodical approaches should incorporate both in situ and ex situ investigations of the sample. Ultimately, there exists an opportunity for development of methodologies that integrate both laboratory- and field-based collection of volatiles to explore and address the complex biological interactions of agricultural systems. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Beck, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM john.beck@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1153 EP 1157 DI 10.1021/jf2047916 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 887XT UT WOS:000299967400001 PM 22243562 ER PT J AU Liang, ZC Yang, YZ Cheng, LL Zhong, GY AF Liang, Zhenchang Yang, Yingzhen Cheng, Lailiang Zhong, Gan-Yuan TI Characterization of Polyphenolic Metabolites in the Seeds of Vitis Germplasm SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vitis; grape; seed polyphenols; flavan-3-ols; procyanidin; flavonols ID VINIFERA L.; GRAPE SEEDS; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; GALLIC ACID; WINE; PROCYANIDINS; VARIETIES; RED; DIMER; CATECHIN AB The composition and content of polyphenols in the seeds of 91 grape accessions from 17 Vitis species were characterized. Eleven compounds, including 2 gallic derivatives, 3 monomeric flavan-3-ols, 3 flavonols, resveratrol, and procyanidin B1 and B2, were identified via HPLC-MS and quantified by HPLC DAD. In addition, seventeen dimeric and trimeric flavan-3-ols were also quantified. Tremendous variation was observed both among and within species for these compounds. Monomeric flavan-3-ols were the most abundant polyphenols in seeds, followed by dimeric and trimeric flavan-3-ols, which collectively accounted for more than 96% of the total polyphenols. V. palmata, V. vinifera, and V. vulpina had significantly higher content of total polyphenols than other species. A number of Vitis accessions with high content of various types of seed polyphenols were identified, and they can serve as potential germplasm for improving the composition and content of seed polyphenols in cultivated grapes. C1 [Yang, Yingzhen; Zhong, Gan-Yuan] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Liang, Zhenchang; Cheng, Lailiang] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhong, GY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM ganyuan.zhong@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Cornell University FX This work was supported through a Special Cooperative Agreement between USDA-ARS and Cornell University. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1299 DI 10.1021/jf2046637 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 887XT UT WOS:000299967400018 PM 22229810 ER PT J AU Bartelt-Hunt, SL Snow, DD Kranz, WL Mader, TL Shapiro, CA van Donk, SJ Shelton, DP Tarkalson, DD Zhang, TC AF Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L. Snow, Daniel D. Kranz, William L. Mader, Terry L. Shapiro, Charles A. van Donk, Simon J. Shelton, David P. Tarkalson, David D. Zhang, Tian C. TI Effect of Growth Promotants on the Occurrence of Endogenous and Synthetic Steroid Hormones on Feedlot Soils and in Runoff from Beef Cattle Feeding Operations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; PROGESTERONE; MYCOTOXINS; ESTROGEN; EFFLUENT; LITTER; PERFORMANCE; ZEARALANOL; SEDIMENTS AB Supplements and growth promotants containing steroid hormones are routinely administered to beef cattle to improve feeding efficiency, reduce behavioral problems, and enhance production. As a result, beef cattle manure will contain both synthetic steroids as well as a range of endogenous steroids including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. A two-year controlled study was conducted in which beef cattle were administered steroid hormones via subcutaneous implants and feed additives and the occurrence of 16 endogenous and synthetic steroid hormones and metabolites was evaluated in runoff from beef cattle feedlots and in manure and soil collected from feedlot surfaces. Samples were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for metabolites of the synthetic androgen trenbolone acetate, 17 alpha-trenbolone, 17 beta-trenbolone, for the nonsteroidal semisynthetic estrogen, agonist, alpha-zearalanol, and the synthetic progesterone melengesterol acetate, as well as a wide range of endogeneous estrogens, androgens, and fusarium metabolites. Synthetic steroids including trenbolone metabolites and melengestrol acetate were detected in fresh manure and in feedlot surface soils from cattle administered synthetic steroids at concentrations up to 55 +/- 22 ng/g dry weight (dw) (17 alpha-trenbolone) and 6.5 +/- 0.4 ng/g dw (melengesterol acetate). Melengesterol acetate was detected in 6% of runoff samples from feedlots holding cattle administered synthetic steroids at concentrations ranging up to 115 ng/L. The presence of melengesterol acetate in runoff from beef cattle feeding operations has not been previously reported. Synthetic steroids were not detected in manure or runoff from control cattle. A wide range of endogenous hormones were detected in runoff and feedlot surface soils and manure from cattle given synthetic steroids and from control cattle, with no statistically significant differences in concentration. These results indicate that runoff from confined animal production facilities is of environmental and public health concern regardless of the use of growth promotants. C1 [Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.; Zhang, Tian C.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Civil Engn, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Snow, Daniel D.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kranz, William L.; Mader, Terry L.; Shapiro, Charles A.; Shelton, David P.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, NE Res & Extens Ctr, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [van Donk, Simon J.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Tarkalson, David D.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Bartelt-Hunt, SL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Civil Engn, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM sbartelt2@unl.edu FU U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [R833428] FX This research was funded by a U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Award No. R833428. The authors would like to acknowledge Leslie Johnson, Kevin Heithold, Mike Mainz, and Mitiku Mamo for their assistance in collection of field samples and for animal care throughout the study period, and Teyona Damon for assistance in steroid hormone analysis. NR 41 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1352 EP 1360 DI 10.1021/es202680q PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886OT UT WOS:000299864400012 PM 22242694 ER PT J AU Tarver, MR Florane, CB Zhang, DH Grimm, C Lax, AR AF Tarver, Matthew R. Florane, Christopher B. Zhang, Dunhua Grimm, Casey Lax, Alan R. TI Methoprene and temperature effects on caste differentiation and protein composition in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hexamerin; LC/MS/MS; methoprene; phenotypic bioassay; social insect ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOLDIER CASTE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA; WORKERS; TITERS AB The utilization of multiple castes is a shared feature of social insects. In termites, multiple extrinsic factors have been shown to impact caste differentiation; for example, increased temperature has been shown to increase soldier production. Also, application of exogenous methoprene has also been demonstrated to increase soldier production. The objective of this investigation was to examine and correlate the effects of temperature variation and methoprene treatments on termite caste differentiation, and identify the resulting changes in protein levels. Our results indicate that worker-to-soldier differentiation is modulated by temperature, where a greater number of soldiers developed at a higher rate at higher temperatures compared to lower temperatures. We analyzed total protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and N-terminal sequencing and found several changes. Specifically, four proteins affected by temperature change were identified: Hexamerin-1, Hexamerin-2, Endo-beta 1,4 glucanase, and myosin. These proteins were further examined for their response to temperature, assay length (time), and exposure to the juvenile hormone analog methoprene. Hexamerin-1 protein showed a temperature-and assay length-dependent effect, while Hexamerin-2, Endo-beta 1, 4 glucanase, and myosin protein levels were all affected by temperature, assay length, and exposure to methoprene. Our analysis allows the correlation of temperature, assay length, and presence of methoprene with specific changes in protein levels that occur during caste differentiation. These results can be directly applied to better understand the complex developmental factors that control termite differentiation and guide the use of juvenile hormone analogs to maximize efficiency of termite eradication in the field. C1 [Tarver, Matthew R.; Florane, Christopher B.; Zhang, Dunhua; Lax, Alan R.] USDA ARS SRRC, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. [Grimm, Casey] USDA ARS SRRC, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Tarver, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS SRRC, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. EM matt.tarver@ars.usda.gov; chris.florane@ars.usda.gov; dunhua.zhang@ars.usda.gov; casey.grimm@ars.usda.gov; alan.lax@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD FEB 6 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 18 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 903HA UT WOS:000301106000002 PM 22943185 ER PT J AU Earnest, CP Kupper, JS Thompson, AM Guo, WM Church, TS AF Earnest, Conrad P. Kupper, Jennifer S. Thompson, Angela M. Guo, Weimin Church, Timothy S. TI Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; omega-3 fatty acid; vitamin; nutritional supplement; C-reactive protein ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E; FOLIC-ACID; LDL OXIDATION; FISH-OIL; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI AB Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (> 8.0 umol/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA) + placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol/L) for the MVit (-1.43, 95 %CI, -2.39, -0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (-1.01, 95 %CI, -1.98, -0.04) groups, both being significant (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (-0.57, 95 %CI, -1.49,0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (-6.00, 95 %CI, -1.04, -0.15) and MVit + N3 (-0.98, 95 %CI, -1.51, -0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (-0.15, 95 %CI, -0.74,0.43) or N3 (-0.53,95 %CI, -1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (-0.41, 95 %CI, -0.69, -0.13) and MVit + N3 (-0.71, 95 %CI, -0.93, -0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (-0.10, 95 %CI, -0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, -12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG. C1 [Earnest, Conrad P.] Univ Bath, Dept Hlth Sport Hlth & Exercise Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Kupper, Jennifer S.] Texas Tech Univ, Sch Law, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Thompson, Angela M.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Guo, Weimin] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Church, Timothy S.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Prevent Med & Exercise Biol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Earnest, CP (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM c.p.earnest@bath.ac.uk NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 82 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000093 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 994BP UT WOS:000307906200005 PM 22811376 ER PT J AU Appell, M Jackson, MA AF Appell, Michael Jackson, Michael A. TI Sorption of Ochratoxin A from Aqueous Solutions Using beta-Cyclodextrin-Polyurethane Polymer SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE ochratoxin A; nanosponge; isotherm analysis; red wine; decontamination ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; REMOVAL; CARBON AB The ability of a cyclodextrin-polyurethane polymer to remove ochratoxin A from aqueous solutions was examined by batch rebinding assays. The results from the aqueous binding studies were fit to two parameter models to gain insight into the interaction of ochratoxin A with the nanosponge material. The ochratoxin A sorption data fit well to the heterogeneous Freundlich isotherm model. The polymer was less effective at binding ochratoxin A in high pH buffer (9.5) under conditions where ochratoxin A exists predominantly in the dianionic state. Batch rebinding assays in red wine indicate the polymer is able to remove significant levels of ochratoxin A from spiked solutions between 1-10 mu g.L-1. These results suggest cyclodextrin nanosponge materials are suitable to reduce levels of ochratoxin A from spiked aqueous solutions and red wine samples. C1 [Appell, Michael] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Jackson, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Appell, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM michael.appell@ars.usda.gov; michael.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.3390/toxins4020098 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 995BL UT WOS:000307981400005 PM 22474569 ER PT J AU Johnson, LF Trout, TJ AF Johnson, Lee F. Trout, Thomas J. TI Satellite NDVI Assisted Monitoring of Vegetable Crop Evapotranspiration in California's San Joaquin Valley SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE crop coefficient; water use; NDVI; Landsat; fractional cover ID WATER-USE; VEGETATION INDEX; SEMIARID REGION; SHADED AREA; COEFFICIENTS; REFLECTANCE; CANOPY; WHEAT; CORN; ALGORITHM AB Reflective bands of Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery were used to facilitate the estimation of basal crop evapotranspiration (ETcb), or potential crop water use, in San Joaquin Valley fields during 2008. A ground-based digital camera measured green fractional cover (Fc) of 49 commercial fields planted to 18 different crop types (row crops, grains, orchard, vineyard) of varying maturity over 11 Landsat overpass dates. Landsat L1T terrain-corrected images were transformed to surface reflectance and converted to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A strong linear relationship between NDVI and Fc was observed (r(2) = 0.96, RMSE = 0.062). The resulting regression equation was used to estimate Fc for crop cycles of broccoli, bellpepper, head lettuce, and garlic on nominal 7-9 day intervals for several study fields. Prior relationships developed by weighing lysimeter were used to transform Fc to fraction of reference evapotranspiration, also known as basal crop coefficient (Kcb). Measurements of grass reference evapotranspiration from the California Irrigation Management Information System were then used to calculate ETcb for each overpass date. Temporal profiles of Fc, Kcb, and ETcb were thus developed for the study fields, along with estimates of seasonal water use. Daily ETcb retrieval uncertainty resulting from error in satellite-based Fc estimation was <0.5 mm/d, with seasonal uncertainty of 6-10%. Results were compared with FAO-56 irrigation guidelines and prior lysimeter observations for reference. C1 [Johnson, Lee F.] Calif State Univ, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Johnson, Lee F.] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Johnson, LF (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. EM Lee.F.Johnson@nasa.gov; Thomas.Trout@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU California Dept. Water Resources; NASA's Applied Sciences Program FX Field support was provided by Jim Gartung (USDA-ARS). LEDAPS atmospheric correction processing was facilitated by the NASA Ames Ecological Forecasting Lab. We are grateful for cooperation of commercial growers at Tanimura & Antle, Red Rock Ranch, Britz, Terranova, and Harris Farms. The project was funded by the California Dept. Water Resources. LJ received additional support through NASA's Applied Sciences Program. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 439 EP 455 DI 10.3390/rs4020439 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978PL UT WOS:000306756400006 ER PT J AU Cansler, CA McKenzie, D AF Cansler, C. Alina McKenzie, Donald TI How Robust Are Burn Severity Indices When Applied in a New Region? Evaluation of Alternate Field-Based and Remote-Sensing Methods SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE fire ecology; fire severity; Landsat; change detection; dNBR; RdNBR; CBI; GeoCBI; Washington State; Cascade Range ID FIRE SEVERITY; WESTERN CANADA; SENSED DATA; BOREAL FOREST; RATIO; USA; CALIFORNIA; DNBR; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION AB Remotely sensed indices of burn severity are now commonly used by researchers and land managers to assess fire effects, but their relationship to field-based assessments of burn severity has been evaluated only in a few ecosystems. This analysis illustrates two cases in which methodological refinements to field-based and remotely sensed indices of burn severity developed in one location did not show the same improvement when used in a new location. We evaluated three methods of assessing burn severity in the field: the Composite Burn Index (CBI)-a standardized method of assessing burn severity that combines ecologically significant variables related to burn severity into one numeric site index-and two modifications of the CBI that weight the plot CBI score by the percentage cover of each stratum. Unexpectedly, models using the CBI had higher R-2 and better classification accuracy than models using the weighted versions of the CBI. We suggest that the weighted versions of the CBI have lower accuracies because weighting by percentage cover decreases the influence of the dominant tree stratum, which should have the strongest relationship to optically sensed reflectance, and increases the influence of the substrates strata, which should have the weakest relationship with optically sensed reflectance in forested ecosystems. Using a large data set of CBI plots (n = 251) from four fires and CBI scores derived from additional field-based assessments of burn severity (n = 388), we predicted two metrics of image-based burn severity, the Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) and the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Predictive models for RdNBR showed slightly better classification accuracy than for dNBR (overall accuracy = 62%, Kappa = 0.40, and overall accuracy = 59%, Kappa= 0.36, respectively), whereas dNBR had slightly better explanatory power, but strong differences were not apparent. RdNBR may provide little or no improvement over dNBR in systems where pre-fire reflectance is not highly variable, but may be more appropriate for comparing burn severity among regions. C1 [Cansler, C. Alina] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Cansler, CA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM acansler@u.washington.edu; dmck@u.washington.edu OI Cansler, C. Alina/0000-0002-2155-4438 FU US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station with University of Washington, School of Forest Resources FX Thanks to Stephen Howard, USGS, of the EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD for the processing of MTBS data. Jim Lutz and L. Monika Moskal provided helpful advice in the development of this project. Field data collection would not have been possible without the volunteer help of Whitney Albright, Seth Cowdery, Andrew Larson, Alana Lautensleger, and Joe Restaino. Special thanks to Karen Kopper and Susan Prichard, for sharing field data from the Flick Creek and Tripod fires, respectively. Robert Norheim consulted on GIS analysis and produced Figure 1. David L. Peterson, Andrew J. Larson, and two anonymous referees provided constructive feedback on this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, through a cooperative agreement with the University of Washington, School of Forest Resources. NR 54 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 456 EP 483 DI 10.3390/rs4020456 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978PL UT WOS:000306756400007 ER PT J AU Manning, BB Abbas, HK AF Manning, Bruce B. Abbas, Hamed K. TI The effect of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and moniliformin from contaminated moldy grains on aquaculture fish SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Fusarium mycotoxins; aquaculture ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; DIETS AB Fusarium spp. are types of fungi that invade agriculturally important grains, such as corn and wheat, where they may produce mycotoxins that are harmful to the productivity and health of food animals, such as swine, poultry, and aquacultural fish. Because corn and wheat are used for other industrial purposes, such as ethanol and flour production, by-products of these processes are available to supplement or replace expensive grains in fish feed formulations. Consequently, grain by-products have come under scrutiny as possible sources of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins. Evaluation of the effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on productivity of fish used in aquaculture has been the subject of recent research. C1 [Manning, Bruce B.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, NBCL, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Manning, BB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bmanning@drec.msstate.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 36 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD FEB-MAY PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.3109/15569543.2011.651519 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 980YK UT WOS:000306929900002 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Mengistu, A Zobiole, LHS Shier, WT AF Bellaloui, N. Mengistu, A. Zobiole, L. H. S. Shier, W. T. TI Resistance to toxin-mediated fungal infection: role of lignins, isoflavones, other seed phenolics, sugars, and boron in the mechanism of resistance to charcoal rot disease in soybean SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Charcoal rot disease; phenolics; isoflavones; lignins; Macrophomina phaseolina ID AZOMETHINE-H METHOD; MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; CELL-WALL; PHOMOPSIS-LONGICOLLA; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MIDSOUTHERN USA; IN-VITRO AB Charcoal rot disease in soybean is caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, which is believed to infect plants from soil through the roots by a toxin-mediated mechanism. Soybean genotypes exist which are susceptible (S) or moderately resistant (MR) to charcoal rot, but the mechanism of resistance is not known. Significantly (p <= 0.05) higher levels of phenolics, seed coat lignin, isoflavones, sugars, and total boron were observed in MR genotype than in S genotype seeds under irrigated and nonirrigated and under experimental M. phaseolina infested and noninfested conditions, indicating a possible association of these substances with resistance to toxin-mediated infection. C1 [Bellaloui, N.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Mengistu, A.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Jackson, TN USA. [Zobiole, L. H. S.] RandD, Crop Protect, Dow AgroSci Brazil, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil. [Shier, W. T.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD FEB-MAY PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.3109/15569543.2012.691150 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 980YK UT WOS:000306929900003 ER PT J AU Whitcraft, CR Grewell, BJ AF Whitcraft, Christine R. Grewell, Brenda J. TI Evaluation of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) management in a seasonal wetland in the San Francisco Estuary prior to restoration of tidal hydrology SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Lepidium latifolium; Restoration; Weed management; Herbicide ID NATURAL AREAS; PLANTS; CALIFORNIA; CONSEQUENCES; GLYPHOSATE; OUTCOMES AB Herbicide applications have shown potential for control and management of invasive perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in rangelands and tidal wetlands. However, reported efficacy of management methods varies widely, and the effects of more recently registered aquatic herbicides on nontarget vegetation in riparian corridors and seasonal wetlands are poorly understood. In a replicated field experiment, we applied two registered aquatic herbicides to control L. latifolium upstream of a sensitive tidal wetland reserve as a preliminary step towards hydrologic restoration of a degraded ephemeral creek channel and associated seasonal wetlands. Herbicide treatments (imazapyr, 2,4-D) were applied at flower bud stage in May 2007 and monitored at 1 and 2 years following application. Two years of 2,4-D application were not effective in controlling L. latifolium (<1% control) but had minimal non-target impacts on the native plant community. Imazapyr reduced L. latifolium cover by more than 90% after 1 year of treatment as compared to untreated controls although non-target impacts on the native plant community were severe and persistent over the 2 years of observation. These results provide important information about the response of L. latifolium to management trials in a seasonal wetland and will be used to develop an integrated and adaptive management strategy for weed control as a component of a proposed tidal marsh restoration plan. C1 [Whitcraft, Christine R.] CSU Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Grewell, Brenda J.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Whitcraft, CR (reprint author), CSU Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, 1250 Bellflower Blvd,MS 9502, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM cwhitcra@csulb.edu; bjgrewell@ucdavis.edu FU California Bay-Delta Authority for research [U-04-SC-005] FX We thank field assistants and laboratory helpers, especially J. Schneider, D. Talley, J. Burns, J. Pompa, B. Wallace, K. Poerner, J. Olson, and S. Kaff. Special thanks go to C. J. Futrell (USDA) for soil sample analyses. Thanks also to anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This publication was prepared in cooperation with the California Bay-Delta Authority for research funded under California Bay-Delta Authority Agreement No. U-04-SC-005 to CRW. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of any of those organizations. Access to the study site was granted by the Solano Land Trust and SF Bay NERR. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s11273-011-9239-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 970LQ UT WOS:000306130900003 ER PT J AU Tong, C AF Tong, Christopher TI David, H. A. (2011), "Euler's Contributions to Mathematics Useful in Statistics," The American Statistician, 65, 37-42: Comment by Tong. SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Tong, C (reprint author), USDA, Ames, IA USA. RI Tong, Christopher/A-5761-2009 OI Tong, Christopher/0000-0003-0770-3270 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 66 IS 1 BP 75 EP 75 DI 10.1080/00031305.2012.667900 PG 1 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 963BC UT WOS:000305594100009 ER PT J AU Moore, G AF Moore, Gerry TI Guidelines for the preliminary evaluation of general nomenclature manuscripts submitted to Taxon SO TAXON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Plant Data Team, E Natl Technol Support Ctr, USDA, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. RP Moore, G (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Plant Data Team, E Natl Technol Support Ctr, USDA, 2901 E Lee St, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. EM gerry.moore@gnb.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT PI BRATISLAVA PA C/O INST BOTANY, SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, SK-845 23 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD FEB PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 959ZO UT WOS:000305357100017 ER PT J AU Winkler-Moser, JK Rennick, KA Palmquist, DA Berhow, MA Vaughn, SF AF Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Rennick, Kathy A. Palmquist, Debra A. Berhow, Mark A. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Comparison of the Impact of gamma-Oryzanol and Corn Steryl Ferulates on the Polymerization of Soybean Oil During Frying SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Steryl ferulates; Oryzanol; Frying; Polymerized triacylglycerols ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; RICE BRAN; FERULIC ACID; COMPONENTS; ESTERS; PHYTOSTEROL; TOCOPHEROL; STABILITY; OXIDATION; EXTRACTS AB Corn steryl ferulates (CSF), oryzanol, a combination of equal amounts of CSF and oryzanol, and ferulic acid were added to refined, bleached, deodorized, soybean oil at a concentration of 8.1-8.4 mu mol/g oil, which corresponded to 0.5% (w/w) for the steryl ferulates. The rate of polymerized triacylglycerol (PTAG) formation was determined in three replicate, two-day frying experiments using a miniature frying protocol with potato cubes. Oryzanol and ferulic acid slightly inhibited PTAG formation on the first day of frying. However, the two treatments were not significantly different from the SBO control on the second day of frying. CSF and the combination of CSF and oryzanol significantly inhibited PTAG formation on both days of frying, but the combination was slightly more effective on the second day of frying. Tocopherol degradation in SBO with added oryzanol or ferulic acid proceeded more rapidly compared to the control. However, CSF and the combination of CSF and oryzanol appeared to protect tocopherols from degradation. In addition, CSF was more stable to frying compared to oryzanol, but when CSF and oryzanol were combined, CSF protected oryzanol from degradation. C1 [Winkler-Moser, Jill K.; Rennick, Kathy A.; Berhow, Mark A.; Vaughn, Steven F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61611 USA. [Palmquist, Debra A.] ARS, USDA, Midwest Area, Peoria, IL 61611 USA. RP Winkler-Moser, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61611 USA. EM Jill.moser@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1901-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 959DB UT WOS:000305290600007 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT AF Wyatt, Victor T. TI Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers Based on Glycerol and Diacids in Toluene SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Diacids; Hyperbranching; Glycerol; Polymers ID POLYMERIZATION AB Examples of monomeric glycerol-derived hyperbranched polyesters produced in a nonpolar solvent system are reported here. The polymers were made by the Lewis acid [dibutyltin(IV) oxide]-catalyzed polycondensation of glycerol with either succinic acid [n (aliphatic chain length) = 2], glutaric acid (n = 3), or azelaic acid (n = 7) in toluene. Poly(glycerol-diacid)s were recovered in yields as low as 65% and as high as 95%. The polyesters were characterized by gas chromatography to determine the extent of reaction and by gel permeation chromatography to determine molecular weight, polydispersity index, and degree of polymerization. None of the conditions explored gave 100% conversion but products could be recovered in greater than 97.8% purity. Gelation and low conversion were observed, respectively, for 24- and 10-h polyesterifications of glutaric acid and glycerol (2:1 molar ratio) performed at 155 degrees C when the standard (neat) synthetic protocol was employed. Gelation was avoided and conversion improved when esterifications were performed in quasi-melt solutions with toluene. The optimal reaction conditions to produce polymers with high conversion and high molecular weight before the onset of gelation were observed for 24-h esterifications in toluene at 155 degrees C (2:1 molar ratio of glutaric acid/glycerol) and 135 degrees C (1:1 molar ratio of reactants). Expanding on the success of those findings, it was determined that gelation could be avoided for each of the three diacids studied. When all other conditions were held constant, in the absence of gelation, degree of polymerization increased with decreasing aliphatic chain length of the diacid. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM victor.wyatt@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1910-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 959DB UT WOS:000305290600015 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Hyun, S Lee, LS AF Goldberg, Sabine Hyun, Seunghun Lee, Linda S. TI Chemical Modeling of As(III, V) and Se(IV, VI) Adsorption on by Soils Surrounding Ash Disposal Facilities (vol 7, pg 1231, 2008) SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Goldberg, Sabine] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Hyun, Seunghun] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Linda S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Sabine.Goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0013er PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 952OT UT WOS:000304802500001 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. TI Vitamin D and Fracture Prevention SO RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D; Falls; Bone density; Fractures; Supplementation; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; HIP FRACTURE; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERLY-WOMEN; OLDER-ADULTS; BONE LOSS; RISK; FALLS; METAANALYSIS AB This article discusses the amount of vitamin D supplementation needed and the desirable 25-hydroxyvitamin D level to be achieved for optimal fracture prevention. C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Heike.Bischoff@usz.ch NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0889-857X EI 1558-3163 J9 RHEUM DIS CLIN N AM JI Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.03.010 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 949KQ UT WOS:000304575500009 PM 22525846 ER PT J AU Sutivisedsak, N Cheng, HN Liu, SX Lesch, WC Finkenstadt, VL Biswas, A AF Sutivisedsak, N. Cheng, H. N. Liu, Sean X. Lesch, W. C. Finkenstadt, V. L. Biswas, A. TI Mechanical, Thermal, and Moisture Properties of Plastics with Bean as Filler SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Pinto Bean; Poly(lactic acid) (PLA); Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE); Filler; Composites; Moisturizing Agent; Biodegradability ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; POLY(LACTIC ACID) COMPOSITES; POTATO STARCH; MELTING BEHAVIOR; POLYLACTIC ACID; BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITES; GREEN COMPOSITES; MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE; POLYMER BLENDS; NATURAL FIBERS AB New biocomposites involving edible beans, PLA, and LDPE have been made and studied. The biocomposites exhibit some desirable physical properties, such as moisture uptake, stiffness, and biodegradability. The composites have slightly different thermal properties relative to the polymers but significantly decreased mechanical properties. The PLA-bean composite may be used in applications where moisture uptake and water absorption properties are desirable. For LDPE, the addition of bean filler may be beneficial as a way to improve the stiffness of LDPE and/or to improve its biodegradability. In both cases the composites are cheaper in cost than the polymers by themselves due to the lower bean cost. The effects of a plasticizer such as glycerol and a crosslinker such as maleic anhydride have also been studied in selected cases. C1 [Sutivisedsak, N.; Finkenstadt, V. L.; Biswas, A.] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cheng, H. N.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Lesch, W. C.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov FU Northarvest Bean Growers Association FX This study was supported by a grant from Northarvest Bean Growers Association. The authors would like to give their thanks to Kathy Hornback for the excellent assistance with extrusion, Brian Jasberg and Gary Grose for extrusion and DSC trouble-shooting, and Arthur Thompson for SEM testing, respectively. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD FEB PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2012.1185 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 932GW UT WOS:000303279500006 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT Jones, K AF Wyatt, Victor T. Jones, Kerby TI Quantification of Monomers in Poly(glycerol-co-diacid) Gels Using Gas Chromatography SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Glycerol; Diacid; Hyperbranched; Polyester; Gas Chromatography ID POLYMERS AB The validation of a gas chromatography (GC) method developed to quantify amounts of starting material from the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers made from glycerol and either succinic acid, glutaric acid, or azelaic acid is described. The GC response to concentration was linear for all starting reagents (R-2 > 0.996). The data could be reproduced, on average, with 93.05% confidence for analyte concentrations of 0.5% and with greater than 98% confidence for analyte concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0%. GC data generated from recovery studies that involved the addition of 1.0 mg (5 wt%), 0.2 mg (1.0 wt%), or 0.1 mg (0.5 wt%) of each starting material to the polymer samples gave near perfect correlations between expected and detected amounts of starting materials in polymers made from glycerol and succinic acid or glutaric acid. The correlation between expected and detected amounts of analyte decreased for the azelaic acid analogues as the amounts of added starting material was decreased. However, in our worst case, this decrease represents 0.31% of the total mass of the diacid analyzed. C1 [Wyatt, Victor T.; Jones, Kerby] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM victor.wyatt@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD FEB PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2012.1189 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 932GW UT WOS:000303279500014 ER PT J AU Minogue, PJ Miller, JH Lauer, DK AF Minogue, Patrick J. Miller, James H. Lauer, Dwight K. TI Use of Glyphosate and Imazapyr for Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Management in Southern Pine Forests SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE alang-alang; application volume; herbicide frequency; herbicide timing; invasive grass ID L RAEUSCHEL; L. BEAUV.; INVASION AB Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica [L.] P. Beauv. var. major [Nees] C. E. Hubb) is one of the most invasive perennial grasses worldwide and has progressively infested managed and natural habitats in the mid-South over the past 100 years. To extend past research toward the goal of eradication on forested sites, we tested the most effective herbicides (glyphosate and imazapyr) over a 3-year study period in a series of low to very high rates at two application timings, all followed by one retreatment a year later. A commonly used combination of glyphosate and imazapyr was also tested at three spray volumes. Factorial studies were established at two sites in the Coastal Plain of Alabama involving new or old infestations. Herbicide efficacy, measured 24 months after treatment and retreatment, increased linearly with increasing rates of glyphosate and imazapyr, but eradication was not achieved. On average, September applications provided greater control than October applications at both sites (61 versus 50%, respectively). The best levels of control 2 years after retreatment occurred with repeated September applications using 2.2 kg acid equivalent/ha imazapyr, providing 88 and 90% control in the new and old infestations, respectively. Control with the glyphosate and imazapyr combination did not differ with spray volumes, but the combination gave greater control than similar rates of the single herbicides on the new infestation. C1 [Minogue, Patrick J.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Miller, James H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, George Andrews Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Lauer, Dwight K.] Silv Analyt, Wingate, NC 28174 USA. RP Minogue, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM pminogue@ufl.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.5849/sjaf.10-025 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933XD UT WOS:000303398400003 ER PT J AU Weikel, KA FitzGerald, P Shang, F Caceres, MA Bian, QN Handa, JT Stitt, AW Taylor, A AF Weikel, Karen A. FitzGerald, Paul Shang, Fu Caceres, M. Andrea Bian, Qingning Handa, James T. Stitt, Alan W. Taylor, Allen TI Natural History of Age-Related Retinal Lesions That Precede AMD in Mice Fed High or Low Glycemic Index Diets SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; METHYLGLYOXAL-DERIVED HYDROIMIDAZOLONE; INCREASED SERUM-LEVELS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE MORTALITY; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; BASAL LAMINAR DEPOSIT; SUB-RPE DEPOSITS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; PIGMENT-EPITHELIUM AB PURPOSE. Epidemiologic data indicate that people who consume low glycemic index (GI) diets are at reduced risk for the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The authors sought corroboration of this observation in an animal model. METHODS. Five-and 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice were fed high or low GI diets until they were 17 and 23.5 months of age, respectively. Retinal lesions were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS. Retinal lesions including basal laminar deposits, loss of basal infoldings, and vacuoles in the retinal pigment epithelium were more prevalent in the 23.5-than in the 17-month-old mice. Within each age group, consumption of a high GI diet increased the risk for lesions and the risk for photoreceptor abnormalities and accumulation of AGEs. CONCLUSIONS. Consuming high GI diets accelerates the appearance of age-related retinal lesions that precede AMD in mice, perhaps by increasing the deposition of toxic AGEs in the retina. The data support the hypothesis that consuming lower GI diets, or simulation of their effects with nutraceuticals or drugs, may protect against AMD. The high GI-fed C57BL/6 mouse is a new model of age-related retinal lesions that precede AMD and mimic the early stages of disease and may be useful for drug discovery. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53: 622-632) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-8545 C1 [Weikel, Karen A.; Shang, Fu; Caceres, M. Andrea; Bian, Qingning; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [FitzGerald, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Handa, James T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stitt, Alan W.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Vis & Vasc Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [1950-510000-060-01A]; Johnson & Johnson Focused Giving; American Health Assistance Foundation; National Institutes of Health [13250, 21212, NEI P30 EY12576 (UCD), EY14004, EY019904]; Thome Foundation; Robert Bond Welch Professorship FX Supported by United States Department of Agriculture Grant 1950-510000-060-01A; Johnson & Johnson Focused Giving; American Health Assistance Foundation; National Institutes of Health Grants 13250, 21212, NEI P30 EY12576 (UCD), EY14004, and EY019904; Thome Foundation Award; and Robert Bond Welch Professorship. NR 134 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 622 EP 632 DI 10.1167/iovs.11-8545 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 925VA UT WOS:000302788600011 PM 22205601 ER PT J AU Du, LH Somkuti, GA Renye, JA Huo, GC AF Du, Lihui Somkuti, George A. Renye, John A., Jr. Huo, Guicheng TI PROPERTIES OF DURANCIN GL, A NEW ANTILISTERIAL BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS 41D SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; ENTEROCINS L50A; PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; AGGREGATION SUBSTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; FAECIUM L50; PURIFICATION AB The properties of the antilisterial durancin GL were characterized. The bacteriocin was the product of Enterococcus durans 41D, which was isolated from Hispanic-style cheese samples. The antibacterial activity of durancin GL was only evident against gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria species. Bacteriocin's activity was retained after treatment with surfactants of different groups (Tween, Brij and sodium dodecyl sulfate), and reducing (beta-mercaptoethanol) or chelating (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) agents failed to inactivate the bacteriocin. Durancin GL was active over the pH range of 2-11 and heat resistant for at least 30 min at 100C. However, exposure to 121C for 17 min completely inactivated the bacteriocin. Durancin GL displayed primary metabolite kinetics with the bacteriocin production rate being parallel with the growth cycle of E. durans 41D. The estimated molecular mass of durancin GL was <6 kDa, and it displayed a bactericidal effect on sensitive strains without concomitant cell lysis. The apparently new antilisterial bacteriocin from the putative probiotic strain E. durans 41D may be used to protect food products against various gram-positive bacteria, including the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. C1 [Du, Lihui; Somkuti, George A.; Renye, John A., Jr.] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Huo, Guicheng] NE Agr Univ, Key Lab Dairy Sci, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Du, Lihui] Nanjing Univ Finance & Econ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.somkuti@ars.usda.gov FU Chinese Scholarship Council; Nanjing University of Finance and Economics FX Dr. L. Du is a recipient of a grant from the Chinese Scholarship Council and financial support for young scholars provided by Nanjing University of Finance and Economics. The authors also thank D.H. Steinberg, S.J. Lehotay and D. Needleman for their technical assistance. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00346.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 927ZI UT WOS:000302948800010 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A., Jr. Ingram, K. D. TI INFLUENCE OF ETHYLENEDIAMINE-N,N '-DISUCCINIC ACID (EDDS) CONCENTRATION ON THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF FATTY ACIDS IN VITRO SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID EDTA AB The antibacterial activity of mixtures of ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) and antibacterial fatty acids (FA) was examined using the agar diffusion assay. Solutions of caproic, caprylic, capric and lauric acids dissolved in potassium hydroxide (KOH) were supplemented with 0, 5 or 10 mM of EDDS and adjusted to pH 11.0 with citric acid. Wells made in agar media seeded with one of nine bacterial isolates were filled with FA-KOH or FA-KOH-EDDS solutions. After incubation of agar plates, zones of inhibition of bacterial growth around the agar wells were measured. Results indicated that caproic-KOH-EDDS and caprylic-KOH-EDDS inhibited growth of more bacterial isolates than caproic-KOH and caprylic-KOH, respectively. Although, capric-KOH and lauric-KOH produced zones of inhibition of all nine bacterial isolates, significantly (P <= 0.05) larger zones of inhibition were produced by capric-KOH-EDDS and lauric-KOH-EDDS. Findings of this study indicate that mixtures of FA-KOH-EDDS possess greater antibacterial activity than FA-KOH. C1 [Hinton, A., Jr.] ARS, Poultry Proc Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. ARS, Swine Physiol Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Proc Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM arthur.hinton@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00354.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 927ZI UT WOS:000302948800013 ER PT J AU Spiegel, CS Haig, SM Goldstein, MI Huso, M AF Spiegel, Caleb S. Haig, Susan M. Goldstein, Michael I. Huso, Manuela TI FACTORS AFFECTING INCUBATION PATTERNS AND SEX ROLES OF BLACK OYSTERCATCHERS IN ALASKA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black Oystercatcher; disturbance; Haematopus; incubation behavior; nest failure; Prince William Sound; sex roles; video monitoring ID ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE; NEST SUCCESS; AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; PREDATION RISK; BEHAVIOR; SANDPIPER; PLOVERS; HABITAT AB Studies examining the effects of human disturbance on avian parental behavior and reproductive success are fundamental to bird conservation. However, many such studies fail to also consider the influence of natural threats, a variable environment, and parental roles. Our work examines interactive relationships of cyclical (time of day, tide, temperature, seasonality) and stochastic (natural/human disturbance) processes with incubation patterns (attendance, bout lengths, recess rates) of the Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani), a shore-bird of conservation concern. We used 24-hr-per-day video monitoring of 13 molecularly sexed breeding pairs to systematically examine incubation, revealing previously undocumented information that may inform conservation practices for the genus. Seven of 22 video-monitored nests failed, primarily from egg depredation by nocturnal mammals. Analyses of 3177 hr of video footage indicated a near doubling of incubation-bout lengths at night, corresponding to the increased risk of nighttime egg predation. Females had higher overall nest attendance (54% vs. 42%) and longer mean incubation bouts than did males (88 min vs. 73 min). Uninterrupted incubation bouts were over twice as long as bouts interrupted by disturbance. Incubating males departed nests substantially more frequently because of nest-area disturbances than did females in one but not both years of our study. Our findings suggest that the sexes incubate in different but complementary patterns, facilitating efficient egg care in a dynamic environment with several nest threats. We emphasize the importance of considering natural influences when human threats to shorebird reproductive behavior and success are evaluated. C1 [Spiegel, Caleb S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spiegel, Caleb S.; Haig, Susan M.; Huso, Manuela] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goldstein, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Huso, Manuela] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spiegel, CS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM caleb_spiegel@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USDA Forest Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Haig Lab and D. Edge at Oregon State University FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, USDA Forest Service, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. We thank the staff and volunteers of Chugach National Forest's Glacier Ranger District, particularly B. Brown, R. Crandall, A. Poe, and B. Venable for logistical planning, field assistance, and access to study sites. We also thank field technicians B. Cline and E. Krantz and video-review assistants J. Bridges, B. Carroll, D. Gagliasso, E. Krantz, S. Peterman, and B. Powers. Extra field support was contributed by D. Tessler, students and staff of Rowland St. Marks School, Babkin Charters, and B. Guzzetti, who also did the molecular sexing. C. McNamee provided computing advice. We appreciate the support of students and staff of the Haig Lab and D. Edge at Oregon State University. Finally, we thank L. Oring, D. Roby, M. Johnson, M. Patten, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 26 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100094 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000011 ER PT J AU Purcell, KL Thompson, CM Drynan, DA AF Purcell, Kathryn L. Thompson, Craig M. Drynan, Douglas A. TI RESPONSE OF BROWN CREEPERS TO ELEVATION AND FOREST EDGES IN THE SOUTHERN SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brown Creeper; Certhia americana; contrast-weighted edge; edge effects; elevational gradient; nest survival; snags ID TREECREEPER CERTHIA-FAMILIARIS; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; NEST SUCCESS; HABITAT; BIRDS; SELECTION; PASSERINE; COMMUNITIES; SENSITIVITY AB We studied the responses of the Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) to forest edges in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. We censused birds and monitored nests in four forest types over an elevational gradient. We identified habitat patches homogeneous in terms of forest type, seral stage, and canopy cover and rated edges between adjoining patches as soft, moderate, or hard on the basis of relative differences in the suitability of adjacent patches. Brown Creepers were more abundant in sites with less high-contrast edge and more medium- and high-quality habitat. They avoided soft and moderate edges when selecting nest sites. Successful nests were in large-diameter trees and snags in forest with lower canopy closure and farther from moderate and hard edges than were unsuccessful nests. Clear negative responses to edge in terms of abundance, nest location, and nest survival were surprising because previous work has suggested that edge effects and the processes underlying them may differ in western coniferous forests because of their natural heterogeneity and because past forest management in the region resulted in fairly soft edges. The strength of the response was somewhat tied to the severity of the edge, although creepers avoided even soft edges. Hard edges were relatively rare and resulted primarily from natural discontinuities. Our results suggest that Brown Creepers should benefit from forest management that retains mature forest with minimal discontinuities, regardless of their source. Results also suggest that differences in relative habitat quality rather than differences in vegetation were responsible for observed patterns. C1 [Purcell, Kathryn L.; Thompson, Craig M.; Drynan, Douglas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM kpurcell@fs.fed.us RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 FU U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank the many field biologists who helped collect data over the eight years of the study: L. Alamo, D. Artimez, A. Ayala, K. Bagne, H. Beeler, R. Brogle, K. Bush, C. Campbell, J. Campbell, C. Cans, C. Caurant, J. Cezniak, D. Cubanski, S. Deal, K. DeGroot, S. Ebrahim, B. Gibson, J. Hartwig, J. Jacobson, E. Keenan, R. King, A. Lense, J. Lindsey, J. Lower, K. Mazzocco, R. Miller, S. Morales, L. Nason, D. Nelson, B. Nielsen, J. Ohanesian, R. Olsen, M. Ossanna, R. Ryan, C. Seck, M. Seeley, N. Sherman, D. Smith, C. Snow, S. Sutton-Mazzocco, R. Swanerg, E. Talamantez, A. Tenneboe, K. Thumlert, J. Turner, M. Verner, K. Weeks, M. Westehtiebe, V. Wible, R. Wilson, and R. Young. This project was funded by the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. We thank the Sierra National Forest for logistical help and GIS data. Statistical advice and review were provided by Sylvia Mori and Jim Baldwin. The manuscript benefited by reviews from Karen Bagne and two reviewing editors. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.100181 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000017 ER PT J AU Davis, TS Hofstetter, RW AF Davis, Thomas S. Hofstetter, Richard W. TI Plant secondary chemistry mediates the performance of a nutritional symbiont associated with a tree-killing herbivore SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; Dendroctonus brevicomis; Entomocorticium spp.; herbivory; local adaptation; monoterpenes; mutualism; phenotype; phytochemistry; phytophagy; Pinus ponderosa; symbiosis ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BARK BEETLES; PONDEROSA PINE; MONOTERPENE CONCENTRATIONS; DEFENSE; FUNGI; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION AB Many herbivores consume microbial food sources in addition to plant tissues for nutrition. Despite the ubiquity of herbivore-microbe feeding associations, few studies examine how host plant phenotypes affect microbial symbionts of herbivores. We tested the hypothesis that chemical polymorphism in a plant population mediates the performance of nutritional microbial symbionts. We surveyed the composition of ponderosa pine resin in northern Arizona, USA, for variation in six monoterpenes, and we approximated four chemical phenotypes. We reared populations of an herbivorous tree-killing beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) in ponderosa pine host material, controlling for three monoterpene compositions representing an alpha-pinene to Delta-3-carene gradient. Beetles were reared in host material where the dominant monoterpene was alpha-pinene, Delta-3-carene, or a phenotype that was intermediate between the two. We isolated nutritional fungal symbionts (Entomocorticium sp. B) from beetle populations reared in each phenotype and performed reciprocal growth experiments in media amended to represent four "average'' monoterpene compositions. This allowed us to test the effects of natal host phenotype, chemical polymorphism, and the interaction between natal host phenotype and chemical polymorphism on a nutritional symbiont. Three important findings emerged: (1) fungal isolates grew 25-32% faster when acquired from beetles reared in the intermediate phenotype; (2) the mean growth rate of nutritional fungi varied up to 44% depending on which monoterpene composition media was amended with; and (3) fungal isolates uniformly performed best in the intermediate phenotype regardless of the chemical composition of their natal host. The performance of nutritional fungi related to both the chemical "history'' of their associated herbivore and the chemical phenotypes they are exposed to. However, all fungal isolates appeared adapted to a common chemical phenotype. These experiments argue in favor of the hypothesis that chemical polymorphism in plant populations mediates growth of nutritional symbionts of herbivores. Intraspecific chemical polymorphism in plants contributes indirectly to the regulation of herbivore populations, and our experiments demonstrate that the ecological effects of plant secondary chemistry extend beyond the trophic scale of the herbivore-plant interaction. C1 [Davis, Thomas S.] ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Hofstetter, Richard W.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Davis, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM tsdavis1@gmail.com FU Phoenix ARCS Foundation Chapter; IGERT at Northern Arizona University; USDA [08-JV-11221633-250] FX The authors thank Nate Foote for assistance in the field and lab. We also thank Ben Moan and the Colorado Plateau Stable Isotope Laboratory for technical support with gas chromatography analysis. We acknowledge the Phoenix ARCS Foundation Chapter and the IGERT Program at Northern Arizona University for providing partial funding. We also thank the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Station for providing laboratory space and partial support from USDA grant 08-JV-11221633-250. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 421 EP 429 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925WZ UT WOS:000302794100022 PM 22624323 ER PT J AU Carter, MA AF Carter, Michael A. TI Prevalence and Prevention of Paratuberculosis in North America SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE control; paratuberculosis; prevalence; United States ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES-DISEASE; CATTLE; BEEF; DAIRY; ANTIBODIES AB The United States of America (U.S.) has made several attempts over the years to develop a producer accepted voluntary program. The focus of the U.S. Voluntary Bovine Johne's Disease Control Program (VBJDCP) is to provide producers with the tools to control Johne's disease on their farms and identify herds with a low risk for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. The VBJDCP includes an evaluation of producers' operations to identify practices that could allow the transmission of MAP among animals or between premises. Once risky practices have been identified, a herd management plan is developed to assist the producer in correcting risky practices. In addition to management changes, vaccination is a control tool allowed in the U.S. because it reduces the clinical signs of Johne's disease and the shedding of MAP. Testing is used in addition to management changes. While the classification component of the VBJDCP dictates the amount and type of testing herd owners are required to conduct, the education and management components of the VBJDCP does not specify testing protocols. The testing for control is intended to fit the needs and resources of producers and can be quite flexible. Management changes on the farm remain the key to control and programs cannot replace well thought out plans by producers that are specific to their resources, facilities, and operation. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ruminant Hlth Programs, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, Vet Serv,USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Carter, MA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ruminant Hlth Programs, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, Vet Serv,USDA, 4700 River Rd,Unit 43, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM michael.a.carter@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU HOKKAIDO UNIV PI SAPPORO PA ED COMMITTEE JAPANESE JOURNAL VETERINARY RES, GRAD SCH VET MED, KITA 18 NISHI 9 KITAKU, SAPPORO, 060-0818, JAPAN SN 0047-1917 J9 JPN J VET RES JI Jpn. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 SU S BP S9 EP S18 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912PM UT WOS:000301812100003 PM 22458196 ER PT J AU Ridpath, J AF Ridpath, Julia TI Preventive strategy for BVDV infection in North America SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; control program; testing; eradication; persistent infection ID BOVINE-VIRAL-DIARRHEA; PERSISTENT INFECTION; VIRUS-INFECTION; FEEDLOT; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; EUROPE; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERFORMANCE AB Despite 60 years of vaccination, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections remain a source of significant economic loss for producers in the United States. Control program design in the United States varies by region based on the incidence of BVDV, density of animal populations, animal movement, contact with wildlife populations, level of producer compliance, variation among circulating BVDV strains, prevalent type of production unit or industry and support offered by state institutions. The Upper Peninsula BVDV Eradication Program in Michigan, the Montana BVD-PI Herd Biosecurity Project, the Washington State BVDV Testing program and the Alabama Voluntary BVD Control Program illustrates four different regional approaches. All four programs are voluntary rather than government mandated and a large component of each was the identification and removal of animals persistently infected with BVDV. The Washington, Montana and Alabama programs focus on herd screening to eliminate PI's but did not have eradication as a goal. The Michigan program was unique in that its goal was to eradicate BVDV from a defined geographic region. While the Washington, Alabama and Montana programs were beneficial to individual producers they did not have a significant impact on the prevalence of BVDV. In contrast, the Michigan program has reduced incidence of herds harboring PI animals in the region. Organizers of all four programs noted that compliance with control programs was directly linked to education and the presence of a support network composed of fellow producers, engaged veterinarians and knowledgeable diagnosticians. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, J (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU HOKKAIDO UNIV PI SAPPORO PA ED COMMITTEE JAPANESE JOURNAL VETERINARY RES, GRAD SCH VET MED, KITA 18 NISHI 9 KITAKU, SAPPORO, 060-0818, JAPAN SN 0047-1917 J9 JPN J VET RES JI Jpn. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 SU S BP S41 EP S49 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912PM UT WOS:000301812100006 PM 22458199 ER PT J AU Dauber, A Nguyen, TT Sochett, E Cole, DEC Horst, R Abrams, SA Carpenter, TO Hirschhorn, JN AF Dauber, Andrew Nguyen, Thutrang T. Sochett, Etienne Cole, David E. C. Horst, Ronald Abrams, Steven A. Carpenter, Thomas O. Hirschhorn, Joel N. TI Genetic Defect in CYP24A1, the Vitamin D 24-Hydroxylase Gene, in a Patient with Severe Infantile Hypercalcemia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCAEMIA; D METABOLISM; CHILDREN; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; ASSOCIATION; ABSORPTION; MUTATIONS; INFANCY; MICE AB Context: Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) is a disorder the genetic etiology and physiological basis of which are not well understood. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the underlying physiology and genetic cause of hypercalcemia in an infant with severe IIH and to extend these genetic findings into an additional cohort of children with IIH. Design: This was an inpatient study of a single patient with consanguineous parents at an academic medical center with follow-up in a specialty clinic cohort. Patients: The patient population was one patient with severe IIH for gene discovery and physiological testing and 27 patients with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia in the replication cohort. Interventions: Interventions included a calcium isotopic absorption study as well as homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in a single patient followed up by gene sequencing in replication cohort. Main Outcome Measure: Fractional absorption of calcium and genetic variants causing hypercalcemia were measured. Results: Intestinal calcium absorption was extremely elevated (similar to 90%). A rare homozygous deletion in the CYP24A1 gene was found, leading to the loss of a single highly conserved amino acid. In vivo functional studies confirmed decreased 24-hydroxylase activity because the subject had undetectable levels of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. No coding variants in CYP24A1 were found in the 27 additional patients with IIH. Conclusions: Our study confirms that CYP24A1 plays a causal role in some but not all cases of IIH via markedly increased intestinal absorption of calcium, suggesting that genetic diagnosis could be helpful in a subset of IIH patients. This case demonstrates the power of an unbiased, genome-wide approach accompanied by informative physiological studies to provide new insights into human biology. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: E268-E274, 2012) C1 [Dauber, Andrew; Hirschhorn, Joel N.] Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nguyen, Thutrang T.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.] Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nguyen, Thutrang T.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.] Childrens Hosp, Ctr Basic & Translat Obes Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dauber, Andrew] Pfizer Inc, Clin Investigator Training Program, Harvard Massachusetts Inst Technol Hlth Sci & Tec, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hirschhorn, Joel N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dauber, Andrew; Nguyen, Thutrang T.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Sochett, Etienne] Hosp Sick Children, Div Endocrinol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Sochett, Etienne] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada. [Cole, David E. C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Cole, David E. C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Cole, David E. C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Pediat Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Horst, Ronald] Heartland Assays Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Carpenter, Thomas O.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Endocrinol, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Carpenter, Thomas O.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. RP Dauber, A (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM andrew.dauber@childrens.harvard.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU Harvard Catalyst and The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (National Institutes of Health) from Harvard University [UL1 RR 025758]; National Institutes of Health [RC1 HD063562]; March of Dimes 6-FY09-507 Program FX This work was supported by Harvard Catalyst and The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (National Institutes of Health Award UL1 RR 025758 and financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic health care centers). This work was also supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant RC1 HD063562 (to T. O. C.) and by the March of Dimes 6-FY09-507 Program (to J.N.H.). Web sites include the following: PLINK, http://pngu.mgh.harvard.edu/purcell/plink/ and http://www.broadinstitute.org/software/igv/ NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 97 IS 2 BP E268 EP E274 DI 10.1210/jc.2011-1972 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 904VP UT WOS:000301226800016 PM 22112808 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Chen, YY Kamil, AG Chen, CYO AF Bolling, Bradley W. Chen, Ya-Yen Kamil, Alison G. Chen, C-Y Oliver TI Assay Dilution Factors Confound Measures of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Polyphenol-Rich Juices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; dilution; grape; polyphenol; pomegranate ID IN-VITRO ASSAYS; CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION; DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS; QUINONE REDUCTASE; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN LDL; FOODS; RISK; FLAVONOIDS; OXIDATION AB The extent to which sample dilution factor (DF) affects total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values is poorly understood. Thus, we examined the impact of DF on the ORAC, FRAP, DPPH, and total phenols (TP) assays using pomegranate juice (PJ), grape juice (GJ), selected flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and ellagic acid. For ORAC, GJ was comparable to PJ at DF 750, but at DF 2000, the ORAC value of GJ was 40% more than PJ. Increasing DF increased GJ and PJ, DPPH, TP, and FRAP values 11% and 14%, respectively. Increased test concentrations of quercetin and catechin resulted in 51% and 126% greater ORAC values, but decreased naringenin by 68%. Flavonoids, but not ellagic acid or ascorbic acid, may contribute to the dilution effect on the variation of final TAC values. Thus, reporting TAC or TP using a single DF may introduce uncertainty about the confidence of TAC assay values, especially when comparing different juices. These results underscore the importance of using compatible test standards for reporting TAC values. C1 [Kamil, Alison G.; Chen, C-Y Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bolling, Bradley W.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Chen, Ya-Yen] Taipei Med Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU POM Wonderful, LLC; U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIGMS [K12GM074869] FX Supported by POM Wonderful, LLC, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement nr 58-1950-7-707. BWB was supported by NIGMS K12GM074869. The authors are grateful to Desire Kelley for technical assistance. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 77 IS 2 BP H69 EP H75 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02538.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 897YU UT WOS:000300700100012 PM 22251245 ER PT J AU Callihan, P Zitomer, NC Stoeling, MV Kennedy, PC Lynch, KR Riley, RT Hooks, SB AF Callihan, Phillip Zitomer, Nicholas C. Stoeling, Michael V. Kennedy, Perry C. Lynch, Kevin R. Riley, Ronald T. Hooks, Shelley B. TI Distinct generation, pharmacology, and distribution of sphingosine 1-phosphate and dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate in human neural progenitor cells SO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sphingosine 1-phosphate; Dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate; G-protein coupled receptor; Fumonisin B1; Neural progenitor; Smad ID TUBE DEFECTS; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; FUMONISIN; RECEPTOR; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; MAIZE; SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE; INHIBITION; DEPLETION AB In vivo and in vitro studies suggest a crucial role for Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP) and its receptors in the development of the nervous system. Dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate (dhS1P), a reduced form of SIP, is an agonist at SIP receptors, but the pharmacology and physiology of dhS1P has not been widely studied. The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a potent inhibitor of ceramide synthases and causes selective accumulation of dihydrosphingosine and dhS1P. Recent studies suggest that maternal exposure to FB1 correlates with the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) in which the neural epithelial progenitor cell layers of the developing brain fail to fuse. We hypothesize that the altered balance of SIP and dhS1P in neural epithelial cells contributes to the developmental effects of FBI. The goal of this work was first to define the effect of FB1 exposure on levels of sphingosine and dh-sphingosine and their receptor-active 1-phosphate metabolites in human embryonic stem cell-derived neural epithelial progenitor (hES-NEP) cells; and second, to define the relative activity of dhS1P and S1P in hES-NEP cells. We found that dhS1P is a more potent stimulator of inhibition of cAMP and Smad phosphorylation than is S1P in neural progenitors, and this difference in apparent potency may be due, in part, to more persistent presence of extracellular dhS1P applied to human neural progenitors rather than a higher activity at S1P receptors. This study establishes hES-NEP cells as a useful human in vitro model system to study the mechanism of FB1 toxicity and the molecular pharmacology of sphingolipid signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Callihan, Phillip; Stoeling, Michael V.; Hooks, Shelley B.] Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zitomer, Nicholas C.; Stoeling, Michael V.; Riley, Ronald T.] USDA ARS SAA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Kennedy, Perry C.; Lynch, Kevin R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Pharmacol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Hooks, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, 250 W Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shooks@rx.uga.edu FU NIH/NIGMS [T32 GM008715, R01 GM067958]; UGA Research Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Janee Gelineau-van Waes for insights throughout the project and Dr. Steven Dalton for providing Activin A. Grant Support: Grant support for PCK: NIH/NIGMS T32 GM008715, KRL: NIH/NIGMS R01 GM067958, SBH: UGA Research Foundation. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3908 J9 NEUROPHARMACOLOGY JI Neuropharmacology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 988 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.005 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 909FZ UT WOS:000301549300048 PM 22016110 ER PT J AU Sajer, O Scorza, R Dardick, C Zhebentyayeva, T Abbott, AG Horn, R AF Sajer, Osama Scorza, Ralph Dardick, Chris Zhebentyayeva, Tetyana Abbott, Albert G. Horn, Renate TI Development of sequence-tagged site markers linked to the pillar growth type in peach (Prunus persica) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; tree architecture; columnar; pillar; AFLP; SSR; SNP; peach ID REPEAT SSR MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; AVIUM L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; FRUIT-QUALITY; AFLP MARKERS; MAP; ALMOND; BATSCH AB In peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], trees showing columnar (also termed pillar or broomy) growth habit are of interest for high-density production systems. While the selection of the pillar homozygous phenotype (brbr) can be carried out prior to field planting, the intermediate heterozygous upright phenotype is difficult to distinguish from standard trees until they are quite large in the field. Application of marker-assisted selection would be helpful in establishing more efficient breeding programmes developing pillar and upright varieties. Thirty-four amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and three simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers identified by bulked segregant analyses mapped together with the br gene on linkage group 2 (LG 2) of the Prunus reference map. The linkage group covers 92.9 cM. The AFLP marker ETGM61_291R mapped with 4.8 cM to the br gene on one side and the closest AFLP markers ETAM56_267A, ECAM61_426A and ETAM48_279A with 3.8 cM on the other side. These four AFLP markers were sequenced, and two, ETGM61_291R and ETAM48_279A, were successfully converted into sequence-tagged site (STS) markers for marker-assisted selection. BLAST searches against the peach genome placed the br gene in the region 17-18 Mb on LG 2. C1 [Sajer, Osama; Horn, Renate] Univ Rostock, Inst Biowissensch, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Scorza, Ralph; Dardick, Chris] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Zhebentyayeva, Tetyana; Abbott, Albert G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Sajer, O (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Biowissensch, Albert Einstein Str 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. EM renate.horn@uni-rostock.de FU Syrian government; University of Rostock FX We like to thank Dr. Ralf Bastrop at the University of Rostock for the sequencing service. In addition, we are grateful for the excellent technical support from Mark Demuth at the USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Station in the field trials and Dorte Warber as well as Monja Sundt at the University of Rostock. The tireless work of Dr. Fred Hough (deceased) of Rutgers University in the collection of pillar and other germplasm and distributing this germplasm worldwide is gratefully acknowledged. The work was funded by PhD stipend from the Syrian government and the University of Rostock. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-9541 EI 1439-0523 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01912.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CT UT WOS:000302150700027 ER PT J AU Springer, TL AF Springer, Tim L. TI Recurrent selection for increased seed germination in sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE breeding method; Andropogon hallii; synthetic populations ID MOISTURE STRESS; BIG BLUESTEM; REGISTRATION; TEMPERATURE; GRASSES; DROUGHT AB Under field conditions, water is often inadequate for satisfactory seedling establishment (germination and emergence). This research was designed to improve the germination of sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.) populations 'AB-medium Syn-0' and 'CD-tall Syn-0' at low water potentials. Two cycles of recurrent selection were used to develop populations 'AB-medium Syn-1', 'AB-medium Syn-2', 'CD-tall Syn-1' and 'CD-tall Syn-2'. Cycle 1 consisted of germinating 3500 open-pollinated seeds of each Syn-0 population in a) 0.8 MPa D-mannitol solution for seven days. All germinated seeds (approximately 250 of each population) were selected to create the Syn-1 populations. Cycle 2 selection was similar to Cycle 1, except that Syn-1 populations were used to create Syn-2 populations. To test the effects of selection, four 50-spikelet samples of the six populations were germinated at) -0.8 MPa for seven days. Germination of Syn-1 seeds was 6.7% higher than that of Syn-0 seeds, and Syn-2 seeds were 10.2% higher than that of Syn-1 seeds. Thus, it was possible to select for increased seed germination of sand bluestem Syn-0 populations at the water potential used herein. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tim.springer@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01899.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CT UT WOS:000302150700029 ER PT J AU Velasco, L Perez-Vich, B Yassein, AAM Jan, CC Fernandez-Martinez, JM AF Velasco, Leonardo Perez-Vich, Begona Yassein, Ahmed A. M. Jan, Chao-Chien Fernandez-Martinez, Jose M. TI Inheritance of resistance to sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in an interspecific cross between Helianthus annuus and Helianthus debilis subsp tardiflorus SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Helianthus annuus; Helianthus debilis subsp tardiflorus; genetic resistance; Orobanche cumana; sunflower broomrape ID RACE-F; LINES AB Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) constrains sunflower cultivation in many areas of Europe and Asia. Populations classified as race G that overcome all known resistance genes have recently appeared. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of resistance to broomrape race G in a resistant accession of Helianthus debilis subsp. tardiflorus. Heads of H. debilis subsp. tardiflorus were emasculated and pollinated with pollen of the Helianthus annuus-susceptible line HA 89. BC1F1, BC1F2, BC1F3, BC2F1, BC2F2 and BC2F3 generations were developed and evaluated for broomrape resistance. F-1 plants were resistant, indicating dominance of resistance. BC1 populations segregated in a ratio of one resistant to one susceptible plant, whereas BC1F2 and BC2F2 populations segregated in a ratio of three resistant to one susceptible plant, which was confirmed in the evaluation of the BC1F3 and BC2F3 populations. The results indicated that resistance to broomrape race G in H. debilis subsp. tardiflorus is controlled by dominant alleles at a single locus. This mode of inheritance will facilitate the introgression of resistance into elite cultivars. C1 [Velasco, Leonardo; Perez-Vich, Begona; Yassein, Ahmed A. M.; Fernandez-Martinez, Jose M.] Inst Sustainable Agr CSIC, Cordoba 14004, Spain. [Jan, Chao-Chien] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Velasco, L (reprint author), Inst Sustainable Agr CSIC, Alameda Obispo S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM lvelasco@ias.csic.es RI Velasco, Leonardo/C-5930-2008; Perez-Vich, Begona/C-7338-2008; Fernandez-Martinez, Jose/A-7193-2010; OI Velasco, Leonardo/0000-0003-4998-9406; Perez-Vich, Begona/0000-0002-7085-5173; Fernandez Martinez, Jose Maria/0000-0003-1413-0642 FU Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID); European Union; Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) [RTA2008-00011-00-00] FX A. A. M. Yassein was the recipient of a grant from the Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). The research was funded by FEDER funds (European Union) and the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA; research project RTA2008-00011-00-00). NR 11 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01915.x PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CT UT WOS:000302150700033 ER PT J AU DeCaire, J Coyne, CJ Brumett, S Shultz, JL AF DeCaire, Jason Coyne, Clarice J. Brumett, Sarah Shultz, Jeffry L. TI Additional pea EST-SSR markers for comparative mapping in pea (Pisum sativum L.) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE pea markers; linkage map; marker annotation; EST-SSR ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POLYMORPHISM; RESISTANCE; MAPS AB The availability of a large set of molecular markers is an excellent resource for both applied and basic research for any organism. The current consensus molecular map of pea is 1430 cM and contains 239 simple sequence repeat markers. The goal was to identify and test unique gene-based simple sequence repeat markers to increase the available number for comparative mapping with sequenced legume species. A total of 6327 mRNA sequences were screened using a JAVA algorithm, culminating in the design of 96 novel, gene-based simple sequence repeat markers. The markers were tested for polymorphism between the parents of two recombinant inbred line mapping populations (Early Freezer 680 x PI 269818 and C580257A x 74SN3A) and 11 additional pea lines. A total of 45 new EST-SSR polymorphic markers were identified using these test lines, another 35 were monomorphic and the remaining 16 failed or produced substandard amplification profiles. Linkage map locations are presented for seven of the new EST-SSR markers. Primer sequence, repeat type, status within tested genotypes and the SSR-finding algorithm are presented. C1 [DeCaire, Jason; Brumett, Sarah; Shultz, Jeffry L.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Coyne, Clarice J.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Shultz, JL (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM jlshultz@latech.edu FU Louisiana Tech University College of Applied and Natural Sciences FX We would like to thank the Louisiana Tech University College of Applied and Natural Sciences for supporting these projects via Faculty, Graduate and Undergraduate mini-grants. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-9541 EI 1439-0523 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01917.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CT UT WOS:000302150700034 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, MA Bar, HY Beg, QK Segre, D Booth, J Cotta, MA Angenent, LT AF Rosenbaum, Miriam A. Bar, Haim Y. Beg, Qasim K. Segre, Daniel Booth, James Cotta, Michael A. Angenent, Largus T. TI Transcriptional Analysis of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with an Electrode Compared to Fe(III)Citrate or Oxygen as Terminal Electron Acceptor SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES 2.4.1; TETRAHEME CYTOCHROME CYMA; MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; STRAIN MR-1; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE AB Shewanella oneidensis is a target of extensive research in the fields of bioelectrochemical systems and bioremediation because of its versatile metabolic capabilities, especially with regard to respiration with extracellular electron acceptors. The physiological activity of S. oneidensis to respire at electrodes is of great interest, but the growth conditions in thin-layer biofilms make physiological analyses experimentally challenging. Here, we took a global approach to evaluate physiological activity with an electrode as terminal electron acceptor for the generation of electric current. We performed expression analysis with DNA microarrays to compare the overall gene expression with an electrode to that with soluble iron(III) or oxygen as the electron acceptor and applied new hierarchical model-based statistics for the differential expression analysis. We confirmed the differential expression of many genes that have previously been reported to be involved in electrode respiration, such as the entire mtr operon. We also formulate hypotheses on other possible gene involvements in electrode respiration, for example, a role of ScyA in inter-protein electron transfer and a regulatory role of the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase under anaerobic conditions. Further, we hypothesize that electrode respiration imposes a significant stress on S. oneidensis, resulting in higher energetic costs for electrode respiration than for soluble iron(III) respiration, which fosters a higher metabolic turnover to cover energy needs. Our hypotheses now require experimental verification, but this expression analysis provides a fundamental platform for further studies into the molecular mechanisms of S. oneidensis electron transfer and the physiologically special situation of growth on a poise-dpotential surface. C1 [Rosenbaum, Miriam A.; Angenent, Largus T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bar, Haim Y.; Booth, James] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Beg, Qasim K.; Segre, Daniel] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Segre, Daniel] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Segre, Daniel] Boston Univ, Bioinformat Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Rosenbaum, MA (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Appl Microbiol, Aachen, Germany. EM la249@cornell.edu RI Segre, Daniel/A-1993-2009; Rosenbaum, Miriam/E-5317-2011; OI Rosenbaum, Miriam/0000-0002-4566-8624; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois; National Science Foundation [0939882]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64388, DE-FG02-07ER64483] FX The financial support for this work was provided through a specific collaborative agreement between Largus Angenent and the Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois and the National Science Foundation through CAREER grant no. 0939882 to LTA, DS, and QKB are partially supported by US Department of Energy grants DE-FG02-07ER64388 and DE-FG02-07ER64483. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e30827 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030827 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 914UG UT WOS:000301977500020 PM 22319591 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Sunila, I Wikfors, GH AF Li, Yaqin Sunila, Inke Wikfors, Gary H. TI Bioactive effects of Prorocentrum minimum on juvenile bay scallops (Argopecten irradians irradians) are dependent upon algal physiological status SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE growth stage; Prorocentrum minimum; scallop; toxicity ID DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM-MINUTUM; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; KARLODINIUM-VENEFICUM; MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; EASTERN OYSTER; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; CULTURED STRAIN; HARMFUL ALGAE AB The harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum reportedly has variable toxicity to grazing animals. We used the bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians as a bioassay organism to compare expression of harmful effects of P. minimum cultures in growth or senescent phases. The non-toxic alga Rhodomonas sp. was used as a control. Exposure to both types of P minimum cultures decreased the degree of shell opening, amount of biodeposits produced, motility and byssal-thread attachment. As P minimum cultures approached senescence, effects became more severe, and mortality increased to 15% in scallops exposed to senescent P minimum. Pathological effects of P minimum on scallops included derangements of scallop digestive tubules and the adductor muscles, and abnormal hemocyte distributions, which were more severe in scallops exposed to senescent cultures. These findings help to explain the variable toxicity of P minimum to scallops and other bivalves reported in the literature. Further, these findings demonstrate that the definition of a "harmful algal bloom" should probably be expanded to include physiological status along with identity and abundance of a phytoplankton species. C1 [Li, Yaqin; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Sunila, Inke] USDA, Bur Aquaculture, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM judy.yaqi.li@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PD FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1515/BOT.2011.123 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 915QS UT WOS:000302043100002 ER PT J AU Bradley, BA Blumenthal, DM Early, R Grosholz, ED Lawler, JJ Miller, LP Sorte, CJB D'Antonio, CM Diez, JM Dukes, JS Ibanez, I Olden, JD AF Bradley, Bethany A. Blumenthal, Dana M. Early, Regan Grosholz, Edwin D. Lawler, Joshua J. Miller, Luke P. Sorte, Cascade J. B. D'Antonio, Carla M. Diez, Jeffrey M. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Ibanez, Ines Olden, Julian D. TI Global change, global trade, and the next wave of plant invasions SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; SPECIES INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; INTRODUCTIONS; HORTICULTURE; INVADERS; SUCCESS AB Many non-native plants in the US have become problematic invaders of native and managed ecosystems, but a new generation of invasive species may be at our doorstep. Here, we review trends in the horticultural trade and invasion patterns of previously introduced species and show that novel species introductions from emerging horticultural trade partners are likely to rapidly increase invasion risk. At the same time, climate change and water restrictions are increasing demand for new types of species adapted to warm and dry environments. This confluence of forces could expose the US to a range of new invasive species, including many from tropical and semiarid Africa as well as the Middle East. Risk assessment strategies have proven successful elsewhere at identifying and preventing invasions, although some modifications are needed to address emerging threats. Now is the time to implement horticulture import screening measures to prevent this new wave of plant invasions. C1 [Bradley, Bethany A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Early, Regan] Univ Evora, Catedra Rui Nabeiro, Evora, Portugal. [Grosholz, Edwin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Miller, Luke P.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Sorte, Cascade J. B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Diez, Jeffrey M.; Ibanez, Ines] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bradley, BA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bbradley@eco.umass.edu RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Bradley, Bethany/B-1964-2008; Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Miller, Luke/B-8992-2009; OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Bradley, Bethany/0000-0003-4912-4971; Miller, Luke/0000-0002-2009-6981; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187; Early, Regan/0000-0003-4108-5904 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California; Santa Barbara; State of California; Office of Science, US Department of Energy FX Many thanks to M McCutchen for help compiling data on drought-tolerant species and to S Jones for early discussions. E Brusati and M Smith provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This review was conducted as part of the Climate & Invasions Working Group with support provided by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the National Science Foundation (grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We gratefully acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. NR 54 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 16 U2 170 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 10 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1890/110145 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913GG UT WOS:000301864000017 ER PT J AU Ferreri, LM Brayton, KA Sondgeroth, KS Lau, AOT Suarez, CE McElwain, TF AF Ferreri, Lucas M. Brayton, Kelly A. Sondgeroth, Kerry S. Lau, Audrey O. T. Suarez, Carlos E. McElwain, Terry F. TI Expression and strain variation of the novel "small open reading frame" (smorf) multigene family in Babesia bovis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Smorf multigene family ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN 1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE; GENE; PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION; THEILERIA; MALARIA; CATTLE; CULTIVATION AB Small open reading frame (smorf) genes comprise the second largest Babesia bovis multigene family. All known 44 variant smorf genes are located in close chromosomal proximity to vesl genes, which encode proteins that mediate cytoadhesion and contribute to immune evasion. In this study, we characterised the general topology of smorf genes and investigated the gene repertoire, transcriptional profile and SMORF expression in two distinct strains, T2Bo and Mo7. Sequence analysis using degenerate primers identified additional smorf genes in each strain and demonstrated that the smorf gene repertoire varies between strains, with conserved and unique genes in both. Smorf genes have multiple semi-conserved and variable blocks, and a large hypervariable insertion in 20 of the 44 genes defines two major branches of the family, termed smorf A and smorf B. A total of 32 smorf genes are simultaneously transcribed in T2Bo strain B. bovis merozoites obtained from deep brain tissue of an acutely infected animal. SMORF peptide-specific antiserum bound in immunoblots to multiple proteins with a range of sizes predicted by smorf genes, confirming translation of smorf gene products from these transcripts. These results indicate that the smorf multigene family is larger than previously described and demonstrate that smorf genes are expressed and are undergoing variation, both within strains and in a lineage-specific pattern independent of strain specificity. The function of these novel proteins is unknown. (C) 2011 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferreri, Lucas M.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Sondgeroth, Kerry S.; Lau, Audrey O. T.; McElwain, Terry F.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ferreri, Lucas M.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Sondgeroth, Kerry S.; Lau, Audrey O. T.; McElwain, Terry F.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McElwain, TF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tfm@vetmed.wsu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-5348-7-528]; Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom) [GRO075800M] FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance and contributions of Bev Hunter, David Herndon, Jim Deringer and Massaro Ueti to this study. The research was partially supported by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement #58-5348-7-528, and the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom) Agreement #GRO075800M. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.10.004 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 912SL UT WOS:000301820000001 PM 22138017 ER PT J AU Bellgard, MI Moolhuijzen, PM Guerrero, FD Schibeci, D Rodriguez-Valle, M Peterson, DG Dowd, SE Barrero, R Hunter, A Miller, RJ Lew-Tabor, AE AF Bellgard, Matthew I. Moolhuijzen, Paula M. Guerrero, Felix D. Schibeci, David Rodriguez-Valle, Manuel Peterson, Daniel G. Dowd, Scot E. Barrero, Roberto Hunter, Adam Miller, Robert J. Lew-Tabor, Ala E. TI CattleTickBase: An integrated Internet-based bioinformatics resource for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle tick; Transcriptome; Genome project; Bioinformatics ID SALIVARY-GLAND EXTRACTS; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; GENOMIC DNA; SEQUENCES; ALIGNMENT; DATABASE; VECTORBASE; EXPRESSION AB The Rhipicephalus micro plus genome is large and complex in structure, making it difficult to assemble a genome sequence and costly to resource the required bioinformatics. In light of this, a consortium of international collaborators was formed to pool resources to begin sequencing this genome. We have acquired and assembled genomic DNA into contigs that represent over 1.8 Gigabase pairs of DNA from gene-enriched regions of the R. micro plus genome. We also have several datasets containing transcript sequences from a number of gene expression experiments conducted by the consortium. A web-based resource was developed to enable the scientific community to access our datasets and conduct analysis through a web-based bioinformatics environment called YABI. The collective bioinformatics resource is termed CattleTickBase. Our consortium has acquired genomic and transcriptomic sequence data at approximately 0.9X coverage of the gene-coding regions of the R. microplus genome. The YABI tool will facilitate access and manipulation of cattle tick genome sequence data as the genome sequencing of R. microplus proceeds. During this process the CattleTickBase resource will continue to be updated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 [Guerrero, Felix D.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Bellgard, Matthew I.; Moolhuijzen, Paula M.; Schibeci, David; Barrero, Roberto; Hunter, Adam; Lew-Tabor, Ala E.] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. [Bellgard, Matthew I.; Moolhuijzen, Paula M.; Rodriguez-Valle, Manuel; Lew-Tabor, Ala E.] Cooperat Res Ctr Beef Genet Technol, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia. [Rodriguez-Valle, Manuel; Lew-Tabor, Ala E.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr Food & Innovat, Dept Employment Econ Dev & Innovat, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Life Sci & Biotechnol Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Mol Res, Shallowater, TX 79363 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Felix.Guerrero@ars.usda.gov RI Lew-Tabor, Ala/A-5286-2010; OI Lew-Tabor, Ala/0000-0001-7147-1078; Peterson, Daniel/0000-0002-0274-5968; Rodriguez-Valle, Manuel/0000-0003-2304-8085 FU Beef CRC; DEEDI, Queensland Government, Australia; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS [6205-32000-031-00] FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the Beef CRC and the National and International Research Alliances Program (DEEDI, Queensland Government Smart Futures Funds, Australia) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS Project No. 6205-32000-031-00 for the tick BAC and BES. We further acknowledge technical assistance from Ms. Kylie G. Bendele, USDA-ARS Kerrville, TX, USA and Dr. Zenaida Magbanua, Mississippi State University, USA and Dr. Louise Jackson from Biosecurity, DEEDI, Australia for providing Australian ticks. Thanks to Dr. Rudi Appels for helpful discussions during data analysis and manuscript preparation. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.11.006 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 912SL UT WOS:000301820000004 PM 22178513 ER PT J AU Cook, D Shi, L Gardner, DR Pfister, JA Grum, D Welch, KD Ralphs, MH AF Cook, Daniel Shi, Lei Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. Grum, Daniel Welch, Kevin D. Ralphs, Michael H. TI Influence of Phenological Stage on Swainsonine and Endophyte Concentrations in Oxytropis sericea SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Locoweed; Astragalus; Oxytropis; Swainsonine; Undifilum; Endophyte; Phenology ID GRAZING WHITE LOCOWEED; ALKALOID SWAINSONINE; EMBELLISIA-OXYTROPIS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; GROWTH STAGE; NEW-MEXICO; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; INDOLIZIDINE AB Locoweeds are defined as Astragalus and Oxytropis species that cause intoxication due to the alkaloid swainsonine. Swainsonine concentrations in Oxytropis sericea were influenced by location, plant part, and the developmental stage of the plant. Concentrations followed similar trends at each location, generally increasing over the growing season in above-ground parts until the plant reaches maturity with no change in concentration in the crowns. At the onset of senescence, swainsonine decreased in floral parts to less than half of the peak concentration. Similar to swainsonine concentrations, endophyte amounts were influenced by location, plant part, and the developmental stage of the plant. Likewise, endophyte amounts generally increased over the growing season in above ground parts and remained static in the crowns at all four locations. Swainsonine in Oxytropis sericea was positively associated with the endophyte Undifilum, which is responsible for swainsonine biosynthesis. C1 [Cook, Daniel; Shi, Lei; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.; Grum, Daniel; Welch, Kevin D.; Ralphs, Michael H.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cook, D (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0067-0 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916BX UT WOS:000302072700008 PM 22281718 ER PT J AU Boroczky, K Zylstra, KE McCartney, NB Mastro, VC Tumlinson, JH AF Boeroeczky, Katalin Zylstra, Kelley E. McCartney, Nathaniel B. Mastro, Victor C. Tumlinson, James H. TI Volatile Profile Differences and the Associated Sirex noctilio Activity in Two Host Tree Species in the Northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sirex noctilio; Lure development; Stem injection; High-carene Scots pine; Host volatiles; Hymenoptera; Invasive insect ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; INSECTS; ATTRACTION; SELECTION; WOODWASP; TRAP; MONOTERPENES; OVIPOSITION; COLEOPTERA; ODOR AB Sirex noctilio females are known to be attracted to stem sections of stressed pine trees for oviposition. The volatile profiles and attractiveness of Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) and two chemotypes of Scots pine (P. sylvestris) were compared after stem injection with herbicide. In general, trap captures on herbicide-treated trees were higher than on controls. The high-carene chemotype of Scots pine captured the highest numbers of females, followed by the low-carene chemotype, and finally the Eastern white pine. Herbicide-treated trees of both species emitted larger quantities of volatiles than the controls. The herbicide treatment induced higher volatile emission rates in the Scots pine chemotypes than in white pine, although there was no difference between the two chemotypes. However, qualitative differences were found between the volatile profiles of the two species as well as between the two Scots pine chemotypes, which could account for the differential attractiveness of the species and chemotypes tested. C1 [Boeroeczky, Katalin; McCartney, Nathaniel B.; Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zylstra, Kelley E.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. [Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Boroczky, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM katalin.by@gmail.com FU USDA APHIS PPQ FX We thank Consuelo Arellano for performing the statistical analyses. We also thank Michael Crawford for locating, securing permission for field sites, help in setting up field experiments, and for trap maintenance. We thank Catherine R. Tait for assisting in volatile collections. This research was supported by USDA APHIS PPQ. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0077-y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916BX UT WOS:000302072700010 PM 22359190 ER PT J AU Garcia-Bocanegra, I Cabezon, O Pabon, M Gomez-Guillamon, F Arenas, A Alcaide, E Salas-Vega, R Dubey, JP Almeria, S AF Garcia-Bocanegra, I. Cabezon, O. Pabon, M. Gomez-Guillamon, F. Arenas, A. Alcaide, E. Salas-Vega, R. Dubey, J. P. Almeria, S. TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies in Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasmosis; Neosporosis; Iberian ibex; Seroprevalence; Spain ID WILD RUMINANTS; ROE DEER; RED DEER; SPAIN; SEROPREVALENCE; IDENTIFICATION; CARNIVORES; DAIRY AB A cross-sectional study was carried out on Spanish ibex populations in Southern Spain to assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum and to investigate the risk factors associated with these infections. Using the modified agglutination test, the seroprevalence to T. gondii was 27.5% (146/531; CI95%, 23.7-31.3), and this seropositivity significantly increased with age. Among adults, statistically significant differences were observed between geographical locations and over different sampling years. Thirty of 531 (5.6%) ibex had antibodies to N. caninum using a competitive ELISA, of which 27/30 (5.1%; CI95%, 3.1-7.1) were confirmed as seropositive by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. This study is the first to report the presence of N. caninum antibodies in Spanish ibex and also indicates widespread exposure of this species to T. gondii. The findings indicate that ibex are more exposed to T. gondii than to N. caninum in their natural environment and there is little evidence of co-infection with both parasites. The seroprevalence levels reported suggest a role for ibex in the sylvatic cycle of both parasites with potentially important environmental and public health implications. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Bocanegra, I.; Arenas, A.] Campus Univ Rabanales, UCO, Fac Vet, Dept Sanidad Anim, Cordoba 14071, Spain. [Cabezon, O.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet, Serv Ecopatol Fauna Salvatge SEFaS, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Pabon, M.; Almeria, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet, Dept Sanitat & Anat Anim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Gomez-Guillamon, F.; Salas-Vega, R.] Conserjeria Media Ambiente, Malaga 29010, Spain. [Alcaide, E.] Conserjeria Media Ambiente EGMASA, Ctr Anal & Diagnast Fauna Silvestre CAD, Malaga 29010, Spain. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Almeria, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, UAB IRTA, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim CReSA, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Garcia-Bocanegra, I (reprint author), Campus Univ Rabanales, UCO, Fac Vet, Dept Sanidad Anim, Cordoba 14071, Spain. EM nacho.garcia@uco.es RI Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 FU Regional Ministry of the Environment of The Government of Andalusia [AGL2007-65521] FX This work was partially supported by the Regional Ministry of the Environment of The Government of Andalusia and Grant AGL2007-65521. We would like to thank everyone involved in the Epidemiological Surveillance Program for Wildlife of The Regional Environmental Council of Andalusia for providing the samples. We are also grateful to all who are involved in the Andalusian Spanish Ibex Program (PACAM). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 191 IS 2 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.011 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 915DB UT WOS:000302002700024 PM 21159529 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Korytkowski, CA AF Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. TI A new species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Anastrepha woodi sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens from Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama. Anastrepha loewi Stone, the species most similar to A. woodi, is redescribed, and the two species are compared. C1 [Norrbom, Allen L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Korytkowski, Cheslavo A.] Univ Panama, Programa Maestria Entomol Vice Rectoria Invest &, Panama City, Panama. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; APHIS; CPHST FX We sincerely thank the curators and institutions who kindly loaned or provided specimens for study, particularly Jeff Cumming (CNC) and Manuel Zumbado (INBio). Jerrett McCormick, George Venable, and Lucrecia Rodriguez helped to produce some of the illustrations, and Terrence Walters (USDA, APHIS, CPHST) secured funding for some of the illustration work. We also thank Roberto Zucchi, Michael Gates, Norman Woodley, and Brad Sinclair for their comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X EI 1918-3240 J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 144 IS 1 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.4039/tce.2012.13 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 909OV UT WOS:000301575000011 ER PT J AU Widrlechner, MP Daly, C Keller, M Kaplan, K AF Widrlechner, Mark P. Daly, Christopher Keller, Markus Kaplan, Kim TI Horticultural Applications of a Newly Revised USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE winter injury; zip code; GIS; minimum temperature; Vitis; climate ID CANADIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; TOLERANCE EVALUATION; ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS; WINTER-HARDINESS; SEED STERILITY; TILIA-CORDATA; UNITED-STATES; COLD; CLASSIFICATION AB The accurate prediction of winter injury caused by low-temperature events is a key component of the effective cultivation of woody and herbaceous perennial plants. A common method employed to visualize geographic patterns in the severity of low-temperature events is to map a climatological variable that closely correlates with plant survival. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) is constructed for that purpose. We present a short history of PHZM development, culminating in the recent production of a new, high-resolution version of the PHZM, and discuss how such maps relate to winter-hardiness per se and to other climatic factors that affect hardiness. The new PHZM is based on extreme minimum-temperature data logged annually from 1976 to 2005 at 7983 weather stations in the United States, Puerto Rico, and adjacent regions in Canada and Mexico. The PHZM is accessible via an interactive website, which facilitates a wide range of horticultural applications. For example, we highlight how the PHZM can be used as a tool for site evaluation for vineyards in the Pacific northwestern United States and as a data layer in conjunction with moisture-balance data to predict the survival of Yugoslavian woody plants in South Dakota. In addition, the new map includes a zip code finder, and we describe how it may be used by governmental agencies for risk management and development of recommended plant lists, by horticultural firms to schedule plant shipments, and by other commercial interests that market products seasonally. C1 [Widrlechner, Mark P.] IA State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Daly, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, PRISM Climate Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Keller, Markus] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Kaplan, Kim] USDA ARS, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM isumw@iastate.edu FU USDA-ARS [1018, 3625-21000-053]; Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds; USDA Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX This journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, was supported by USDA-ARS Research Project 3625-21000-053, Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds, and a Specific Cooperative Agreement between the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 6 EP 19 PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900BV UT WOS:000300862500001 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Langston, DB MacLean, DD Sanders, FH Torrance, RL Davis, JW AF Johnson, W. Carroll, III Langston, David B., Jr. MacLean, Daniel D. Sanders, F. Hunt, Jr. Torrance, Reid L. Davis, Jerry W. TI Integrated Systems of Weed Management in Organic Transplanted Vidalia (R) Sweet Onion Production SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; clove oil; cultivation; dry bulb onion; organic weed control; solarization; tine weeder ID CULTURAL METHODS; BULB ONIONS AB Field experiments were conducted from 2008 through 2010 near Lyons, GA, to develop integrated weed management systems for organic Vidalia sweet onion (Allium cepa) production. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of summer solarization, cultivation with a tine weeder, and a clove oil herbicide. Plots were solarized with clear plastic mulch during the summer fallow period before transplanting onion. Cultivation treatments were twice at 2-week intervals, four times at 2-week intervals, and a noncultivated control. Herbicide treatments were clove oil plus vinegar, clove oil plus an emulsified petroleum oil (EPO) insecticide used as an adjuvant, and a nontreated control. 'Savannah Sweet' onions were transplanted in early-December each year, with cultivation and herbicide applications events occurring the following January and February. Onions were harvested the following spring. In addition to yield measurement, a subsample of harvested onion was stored in a controlled atmospheric (CA) storage facility to evaluate treatment effects on diseases of stored onion. Summer fallow solarization did not control the cool-season weeds present in these trials. Cultivating transplanted onion with a tine weeder effectively managed cutleaf eveningprimrose (Oenothera laciniata) and swinecress (Coronopus didymus) and improved onion yields in 2 of 3 years. There was little difference in overall performance between two cultivations and four cultivations with the tine weeder. The 1 year of marginal weed control with the tine weeder was due to persistently wet soils during winter months that inhibited optimum performance of the implement. Clove oil, combined with vinegar or an EPO insecticide, provided marginal weed control and had no effect on onion yield. Diseases of stored onion were unaffected by any of the treatment combinations, although overall incidence of diseases of stored onion was higher in 2010 compared with other years. This corresponds with the 1 year of marginal weed control with the tine weeder, suggesting that the presence of weeds may be a factor related to disease incidence during storage. C1 [Johnson, W. Carroll, III] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Langston, David B., Jr.; Sanders, F. Hunt, Jr.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [MacLean, Daniel D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Torrance, Reid L.] Univ Georgia, Reidsville, GA 30453 USA. [Davis, Jerry W.] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton Campus,POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Carroll.Johnson@ars.usda.gov RI MacLean, Dan/E-7138-2012 FU Vidalia Onion; Vegetable Research Center FX We acknowledge the technical contributions of Daniel R. Darts and Terrell W. Jones, whose skills made these studies possible. Appreciation is expressed to C. Randy Hill and Denny R. Thigpen at the Vidalia Onion and Vegetable Research Center for their support of this research study. We appreciate the managerial support and assistance rendered by Stephen Powell, Corrections Officer-II, Rodgers State Prison, Reidsville, GA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900BV UT WOS:000300862500008 ER PT J AU Baldos, OC DeFrank, J Sakamoto, G AF Baldos, Orville C. DeFrank, Joseph Sakamoto, Glenn TI Pre- and Postemergence Herbicide Tolerance of Tropical Fimbry, a Native Hawaiian Sedge with Potential Use for Roadside Revegetation SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxadiazon; oryzalin; aminopyralid; roadside weed management; button sedge; Fimbristylis cymosa ID SULFOSULFURON; GRASSES AB Tropical fimbry (Fimbristylis cymosa) is a salt, wind, and drought tolerant sedge under consideration as a native roadside revegetation species in Hawaii. Multiple rate studies were conducted on transplanted tropical fimbry plugs to identify pre- and postemergence herbicides that are safe for selective weed control during plant establishment. The response of newly transplanted tropical fimbry plugs to applications [1 and 44 days after transplanting (DAT)] of oxadiazon (2.0 and 4.0 lb/acre), oryzalin (2.0 and 4.0 lb/acre), and oxadiazon + oryzalin (2.0 + 2.0 and 4.0 + 4.0 lb/acre) were evaluated at 212 DAT through visual vigor ratings and seedhead counts. Response of established transplants to the postemergence broadleaf herbicides, aminopyralid (0.06 and 0.11 lb/acre) sulfosulfuron (0.06 lb/acre), prepackaged mixes of carfentrazone-ethyl + (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-acetic acid (MCPA) + mecoprop + dicamba (0.02 + 1.11 + 0.22 + 0.11 lb/acre), and carfentrazone-ethyl + 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba (0.02 + 0.77 + 0.24 + 0.07 lb/acre) were evaluated through visual vigor ratings 35 days after spraying (DAS). Results of the preemergence study indicate that low rates of oxadiazon and oryzalin provided an acceptable level of growth suppression to the sedge (>60% visual vigor). Postemergence applications of the prepackaged formulations of carfentrazone-ethyl resulted in moderate to high foliar injury (46% to 74%) and plant mortality (17% to 23%). Plants treated with sulfosulfuron showed signs of stunting (visual vigor of 36%), but exhibited the least foliar injury (16%) and no mortality. Plants treated with high and low recommended rates of aminopyralid exhibited very low injury ratings (1% to 2%) at 35 DAS. Results obtained from these preliminary studies identified oxadiazon, oryzalin, and aminopyralid as potentially safe for controlling weed species in transplanted tropical fimbry. C1 [Baldos, Orville C.; DeFrank, Joseph] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sakamoto, Glenn] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Hoolehua Plant Mat Ctr, Hoolehua, HI 96729 USA. RP Baldos, OC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, St John Plant Sci Lab 102,3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM obaldos@hawaii.edu FU State of Hawaii Department of Transportation; United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service FX We thank the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service for providing financial support for this research. We thank the staff at the Hoolehua Plant Materials Center on Molokai for providing planting materials and technical assistance. We also thank Melinda Moata, the stall at the University of Hawaii Waimanalo Research Station and the Magoon Research Facility for their assistance in conducting the experiments. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 126 EP 130 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900BV UT WOS:000300862500019 ER PT J AU D'Souza, A Jolliffe, D AF D'Souza, Anna Jolliffe, Dean TI Rising Food Prices and Coping Strategies: Household-level Evidence from Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; DIETARY DIVERSITY; INCOME; MALNUTRITION; CONSUMPTION; COUNTRY; IMPACT AB This article investigates the impact of rising wheat prices on household food security in Afghanistan. Exploiting a unique nationally-representative household survey, we find evidence of large declines in the real value of per capita food consumption. Smaller price elasticities with respect to calories than with respect to food consumption suggest that households trade off quality for quantity as they move away from nutrient-rich foods such as meat and vegetables toward staple foods. Our work improves upon country-level simulation studies by providing estimates of actual household food security during a price shock in one of the world's poorest, most food-insecure countries. C1 [D'Souza, Anna] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Jolliffe, Dean] World Bank Grp, Econ Policy & Poverty Team SASEP, Washington, DC USA. RP D'Souza, A (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 355 E St SW,Room 6-261B, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM adsouza@ers.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-0388 J9 J DEV STUD JI J. Dev. Stud. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 282 EP 299 DI 10.1080/00220388.2011.635422 PG 18 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 912SX UT WOS:000301821500008 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG Ginzburg, O Berg, N Steinberger, Y AF Whitford, Walter G. Ginzburg, Orit Berg, Naama Steinberger, Yosef TI Do long-lived ants affect soil microbial communities? SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Aphaenogaster cockerelli; Climate; Community-level physiological profile (CLPP); Functional diversity; Microbial biomass; MicroResp method; Myrmecocystus depilis; Pogonomyrmex rugosus ID HARVESTER ANTS; MOJAVE DESERT; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; ECOLOGY; NESTS; QCO2 AB This study was designed to test the hypothesis that desert ant species that build nests that remain viable at a particular point in space for more than a decade produce soil conditions that enhance microbial biomass and functional diversity. We studied the effects of a seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex rugosus, and two generalist ant species, Aphaenogaster cockerelli and Myrmecocystus depilis, on soil microbial communities. Microbial biomass was higher in P. rugosus-modified soils than in reference soils when soil water content was higher than 3%. Microbial biomass was either higher in reference soils or exhibited no difference in reference soils and nest-modified soils of A. cockerelli and M. depilis. There were differences in microbial functional diversity and microbial community level physiological profiles (MicroResp method) between ant-nest-modified and reference soils of the three ant species on some sampling dates. Temporal patterns of soil microbial communities associated with the ant species resulted from differences in soil moisture, density, and species composition of the annual plant communities associated with the ant nests and in reference areas. Differences in annual plant communities associated with ant nests and surrounding areas resulted in different chemical inputs into the soil organic-matter pools. This study shows that generalizations about the effects of long-lived ant nests on soil biota in arid regions must consider feeding behaviors of the ant species and temporal patterns of rainfall. C1 [Ginzburg, Orit; Berg, Naama; Steinberger, Yosef] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Whitford, Walter G.] New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM steinby@mail.biu.ac.il FU International Arid Lands Consortium [Y410375-04R-22] FX Many thanks to Ms. S. Victor for her useful comments and help. This research was supported by Grant number Y410375-04R-22 from the International Arid Lands Consortium and is a contribution to the Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research Program. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s00374-011-0619-4 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 906YL UT WOS:000301384900009 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Evans, KO Compton, DL Appell, M AF Laszlo, Joseph A. Evans, Kervin O. Compton, David L. Appell, Michael TI Dihydrolipoyl dioleoylglycerol antioxidant capacity in phospholipid vesicles SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant; alpha-Lipoic acid; Liposome; Molecular modeling ID ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID; LIPOSOMAL MEMBRANES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; IN-VITRO; SKIN; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; DERIVATIVES; MECHANISMS; PROMOTION; BILAYER AB Antioxidants have critical roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease-state prevention. The multi-functional agent alpha-lipoic acid offers numerous beneficial effects to oxidatively stressed tissues. a-Lipoic acid was enzymatically incorporated into a triglyceride in conjunction with oleic acid, creating lipoyl dioleoylglycerol, and chemically reduced to form dihydrolipoyl dioleoylglycerol. The triglyceride forms of lipoic acid stabilized dioleoylphosphatidylcholine unilamellar liposomal vesicles, as judged by calcein-cobalt leakage. Stabilization resulted from increased packing density of phospholipid acyl chains. Scavenging activity against the 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) radical was monitored by oxidation of 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadieny1)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C-11-Bodipy). Dihydrolipoyl dioleoylglycerol in vesicles demonstrated strong antioxidant capacity in comparison to the conventional Trolox standard. Fluorescence quenching measurements indicated the lipoyl moiety of dihydrolipoyl dioleoylglycerol is positioned near the vesicle aqueous/lipid boundary. Treatment of intact vesicles with a nonpenetrating sulfhydryl reagent indicated that 80% of the dihydrolipoyl dioleoylglycerol was available for reaction. Molecular modeling of lipoyl dioleoylglycerol and dihydrolipoyl dioleoylglycerol in a phospholipid layer confirmed the existence of an extended configuration for the molecules that accounts for the interfacial location of the lipoyl moiety, which may allow the antioxidant to readily react with radical species approaching membranes from the aqueous phase. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Laszlo, Joseph A.; Evans, Kervin O.; Compton, David L.; Appell, Michael] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Joe.Laszlo@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD FEB PY 2012 VL 165 IS 2 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.12.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 910IZ UT WOS:000301631700004 PM 22197684 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Lebow, S Reed, KG AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Lebow, Stan Reed, Karen G. TI Partial dissolution of ACQ-treated wood in lithium chloride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone: Separation of copper from potential lignocellulosic feedstocks SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Biorefinery; Cellulose; Heavy metals; Ionic solvent systems; Recycling; Treated wood ID IONIC LIQUIDS; CHLORIDE/N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE; CELLULOSE; SOLVENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; STABILITY; COAL AB A cellulose solvent system based on lithium chloride (LiCl) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used to assess the merits of partial dissolutions of coarsely ground wood samples. Alkaline Copper Quaternary (ACQ)-treated pine wood was of particular interest for treatment given the potential to generate a copper-rich stream apart from solid and/or liquid lignocellulosic feedstocks. Treatment with NMP alone gave yields of soluble materials that were higher than typical extractives contents thereby suggesting a limited degree of wood dissolution. Inclusion of LiCl, which disrupts hydrogen bonding, gave lower wood residue recoveries (i.e., higher dissolution) with higher LiCl concentration. Lower wood residue recoveries coincided with lower Klason lignin and hemicellulose-derived sugar contents in the wood residues. After treatment with 8% LiCl in NMP, subsequent filtration afforded 34% of the ACQ-treated sapwood as a wood residue retaining only 2% of the original copper. Pouring the filtrate over an excess of water resulted in the recovery of 30% of the solids and 50% of the copper together as a copper-enriched lignocellulosic precipitate. Results demonstrate a solvent system showing potential as a means to separate heavy metals from preservative-treated wood and to recover lignocellulosic feedstocks that may be suitable for use in a biorefinery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Reed, Karen G.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Lebow, Stan] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53715 USA. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2012 VL 86 IS 8 BP 797 EP 801 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.020 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905ZJ UT WOS:000301314400006 PM 22154004 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Bauchan, GR Huda, MS AF Roh, Mark S. Bauchan, Gary R. Huda, Masud S. TI Physical and chemical properties of biobased plastic resins containing chicken feather fibers SO HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth and flowering; low temperature-scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM); poultry feather; soil and foliar analysis; X-ray diffraction analysis ID RELEASE NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; ORGANIC SOURCES; PLANT-GROWTH; COMPOSITES AB This study was conducted to (a) characterize bio-plastic pellets containing feather fibers by low temperature-scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) and X-Ray diffraction analysis, (b) evaluate growth and flowering of Begonia boliviensis A. DC. 'Bonfire' when grown in a medium amended with pellets, and (c) analyze macro- and micro-elements in the medium and plant tissues of begonia. Based on physical and chemical analyses of six types of pellets mixed in the medium, pellets 32 (P 32), 37 (P 37), 40 (P 40), and P NaS (P NaS), P NaS containing sodium sulfite and > 30% glycerol were not suitable and not recommended for future evaluations. Pellets containing glycerol at 10% were not suitable for the use as an ingredient for commercial growing media and P 45 is considered suitable pellets to prepare pots. C1 [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, BARC W, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary R.] ARS, USDA, BARC E, Electron & Confocal Microscope Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huda, Masud S.] Inst Hort Res, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC W, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Roh@ars.usda.gov FU CRADA [58-3K95-6-1146] FX Rooted cuttings of Begonia were provided by Gro-N-Sell Inc., Chalfont, PA, USA, and permission to propagate was granted. Chris Pooley from the USDA-ARS, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD is greatly appreciated for developing the electron microscopy plates. Careful reading and critical comments from Drs. Donna Fare and J.M. Choi is also greatly appreciated. A part of this study is under a CRADA Agreement: 58-3K95-6-1146. Mention of a trade, name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI SUWON PA C/O NATL HORTICULTURAL RES INST, IMOK-DONG 475, JANGAN-GU, SUWON, 440-706, SOUTH KOREA SN 2211-3452 J9 HORTIC ENVIRON BIOTE JI Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s13580-012-0117-0 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 907VL UT WOS:000301447100010 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Bauchan, GR Huda, MS AF Roh, Mark S. Bauchan, Gary R. Huda, Masud S. TI The effect of biobased plastic resins containing chicken feather fibers on the growth and flowering of Begonia boliviensis SO HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE availability of nitrogen; chicken feather pots; foliar analysis; growing medium ID RELEASE NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; ORGANIC SOURCES; PLANT-GROWTH AB This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and flowering of Begonia boliviensis A. DC. 'Bonfire' when grown in the growing medium mixed with pellets from biobased plastic resins containing chicken feather fibers, and analyze macro- and micro-elements in soil and leaf tissues during different developmental stages of begonia. Growth, flowering, and foliar analysis of plants grown in 10 cm pots containing 95 grams medium mixed with 6 grams each of pellet 29 (P 29), 32 (P 32), 37 (P 37), or 40 (P 40), 3 grams of Na (P NaS), or 9 grams of 45 (P 45) were similar to the control plants. Extra nitrogen was available from P 32 and P 37 based on the growing medium and foliar analysis of plants grown in P 32 (P 32 plant) and P 37 plant during the first 59 days after planting (DAP). Slow growth, low flowering percentage, or even the death of B. boliviensis 'Bonefire' grown in P NaS medium is attributed to high pH and high sulfur concentration. Based on the pH, soluble salts level, and the concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the medium and leaves, P 45 pellet is the suitable source, if nitrogen is supplied constantly to the optimum level. Pellets prepared following mixing > 30 feather fibers without using glycerol should be further tested. C1 [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, BARC W, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary R.] ARS, USDA, BARC E, Electron & Confocal Microscope Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huda, Masud S.] Inst Hort Res, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC W, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Roh@ars.usda.gov FU CRADA [58-3K95-6-1146] FX Rooted cuttings of Begonia were provided by Gro-N-Sell Inc., Chalfont, PA, USA, and permission was granted to propagate. Careful reading and critical comments from Drs. Donna Fare and J.M. Choi is also greatly appreciated. The preparation of pellets used in this research was in part supported under a CRADA Agreement: 58-3K95-6-1146. Mention of a trade, name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI SUWON PA C/O NATL HORTICULTURAL RES INST, IMOK-DONG 475, JANGAN-GU, SUWON, 440-706, SOUTH KOREA SN 2211-3452 J9 HORTIC ENVIRON BIOTE JI Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s13580-012-0118-z PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 907VL UT WOS:000301447100011 ER PT J AU Schepers, J AF Schepers, James TI Editorial for special issue of papers from the 10th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ICPA) SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Schepers, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM james.schepers@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s11119-011-9255-0 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 908VC UT WOS:000301520100001 ER PT J AU Cao, Q Cui, ZL Chen, XP Khosla, R Dao, TH Miao, YX AF Cao, Qiang Cui, Zhenling Chen, Xinping Khosla, Raj Dao, Thanh H. Miao, Yuxin TI Quantifying spatial variability of indigenous nitrogen supply for precision nitrogen management in small scale farming SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE In-season nitrogen management; Chlorophyll meter; Crop canopy sensor; Field-specific nitrogen management; Nitrogen nutritional status diagnosis; North China Plain ID CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS; NORTH CHINA PLAIN; IN-SEASON; WINTER-WHEAT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; RESPONSE INDEX; USE EFFICIENCY; N MANAGEMENT; YIELD; SOIL AB Understanding spatial variability of indigenous nitrogen (N) supply (INS) is important to the implementation of precision N management (PNM) strategies in small scale agricultural fields of the North China Plain (NCP). This study was conducted to determine: (1) field-to-field and within-field variability in INS; (2) the potential savings in N fertilizers using PNM technologies; and (3) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N status variability at the Feekes 6 stage and the potential of using a chlorophyll meter (CM) and a GreenSeeker active crop canopy sensor for estimating in-season N requirements. Seven farmer's fields in Quzhou County of Hebei Province were selected for this study, but no fertilizers were applied to these fields. The results indicated that INS varied significantly both within individual fields and across different fields, ranging from 33.4 to 268.4 kg ha(-1), with an average of 142.6 kg ha(-1) and a CV of 34%. The spatial dependence of INS, however, was not strong. Site-specific optimum N rates varied from 0 to 355 kg ha(-1) across the seven fields, with an average of 173 kg ha(-1) and a CV of 46%. Field-specific N management could save an average of 128 kg N ha(-1) compared to typical farmer practices. Both CM and GreenSeeker sensor readings were significantly related to crop N status and demand across different farmer's fields, showing a good potential for in-season site-specific N management in small scale farming systems. More studies are needed to further evaluate these sensing technology-based PNM strategies in additional farmer fields in the NCP. C1 [Cao, Qiang; Cui, Zhenling; Chen, Xinping; Miao, Yuxin] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Int Ctr Agroinformat & Sustainable Dev ICASD, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Khosla, Raj] Colorado State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dao, Thanh H.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Miao, YX (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Int Ctr Agroinformat & Sustainable Dev ICASD, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM ymiao@cau.edu.cn OI Miao, Yuxin/0000-0001-8419-6511 FU National Basic Research Program [973-2009CB118606]; Sino-German Cooperative Nitrogen Management Project [2007DFA30850]; Special Fund for Agriculture Profession [201103003]; Innovative Group of NSFC [30821003] FX This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program (973-2009CB118606), Sino-German Cooperative Nitrogen Management Project (2007DFA30850), Special Fund for Agriculture Profession (201103003), and The Innovative Group Grant of NSFC (No. 30821003). The assistance of Mr. Shanchao Yue and Qinping Sun for plant sampling is highly appreciated. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s11119-011-9244-3 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 908VC UT WOS:000301520100005 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Everitt, JH AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. TI Using spectral distance, spectral angle and plant abundance derived from hyperspectral imagery to characterize crop yield variation SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral imagery; Plant abundance; Spectral angle; Spectral distance; Spectral unmixing; Vegetation index; Yield ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; LEAF-AREA INDEX; VARIABILITY; MAPPER; LAI AB Vegetation indices (VIs) derived from remote sensing imagery are commonly used to quantify crop growth and yield variations. As hyperspectral imagery is becoming more available, the number of possible VIs that can be calculated is overwhelmingly large. The objectives of this study were to examine spectral distance, spectral angle and plant abundance (crop fractional cover estimated with spectral unmixing) derived from all the bands in hyperspectral imagery and compare them with eight widely used two-band and three-band VIs based on selected wavelengths for quantifying crop yield variability. Airborne 102-band hyperspectral images acquired at the peak development stage and yield monitor data collected from two grain sorghum fields were used. A total of 64 VI images were generated based on the eight VIs and selected wavelengths for each field in this study. Two spectral distance images, two spectral angle images and two abundance images were also created based on a pair of pure plant and soil reference spectra for each field. Correlation analysis with yield showed that the eight VIs with the selected wavelengths had r values of 0.73-0.79 for field 1 and 0.82-0.86 for field 2. Although all VIs provided similar correlations with yield, the modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) produced more consistent r values (0.77-0.79 for field 1 and 0.85-0.86 for field 2) among the selected bands. Spectral distance, spectral angle and plant abundance produced similar r values (0.76-0.78 for field 1 and 0.83-0.85 for field 2) to the best VIs. The results from this study suggest that either a VI (MSAVI) image based on one near-infrared band (800 or 825 nm) and one visible band (550 or 670 nm) or a plant abundance image based on a pair of pure plant and soil spectra can be used to estimate relative yield variation from a hyperspectral image. C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Everitt, James H.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 62 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s11119-011-9248-z PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 908VC UT WOS:000301520100006 ER PT J AU Ge, YF Thomasson, JA Sui, RX AF Ge, Yufeng Thomasson, J. Alex Sui, Ruixiu TI Wireless-and-GPS system for cotton fiber-quality mapping SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Fiber-quality mapping; GPS; Harvesting; Site-specific crop management; Wireless communication ID YIELD; VARIABILITY; SENSOR; FIELD AB A system including wireless-communication and GPS technologies was designed, constructed and field tested to enable site-specific crop management in cotton production in the form of fiber-quality mapping. The system is comprised of three functional sub-systems associated with the three machines typically used in cotton harvesting: harvester, boll buggy and module builder. Harvest area for a basket load of cotton is recorded with GPS, and the module into which a basket is dumped is tracked through wireless communication among the sub-systems. In three field tests, the system was easily installed on equipment and performed as designed. Fiber-quality maps were produced by combining the GPS-based module area data collected during harvest with bale-level fiber-quality data measured at a cotton classing office after ginning. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in most cotton fiber properties among mapped modules, and spatial trends were identified. The system provides a useful tool for studying spatial variability in cotton fiber quality. C1 [Ge, Yufeng; Thomasson, J. Alex] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sui, Ruixiu] ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomasson, JA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM yg36@tamu.edu; thomasson@tamu.edu; ruixiu.sui@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s11119-011-9225-6 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 908VC UT WOS:000301520100008 ER PT J AU Bausch, WC Brodahl, MK AF Bausch, Walter C. Brodahl, Mary K. TI Strategies to evaluate goodness of reference strips for in-season, field scale, irrigated corn nitrogen sufficiency SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen management; Second-order soil maps; Soil electrical conductivity; Canopy reflectance; Chlorophyll meter; Sandy soils; Maize ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; QUICKBIRD SATELLITE; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; ACTIVE SENSOR; GRAIN-YIELD; MANAGEMENT; CANOPY; MAIZE; VARIABILITY; DEFICIENCY AB The nitrogen (N) sufficiency approach to assess plant N status for in-season N management requires a non-N-limiting reference to make N recommendations. Use of reference strips in fields with spatially variable soils and the impact this variability has within N enriched reference strips are not well understood. Consequently three strategies were investigated to evaluate the impact of spatially variable sandy soils within reference strips in two commercial center pivot-irrigated corn fields. Evaluation strategies were: (i) ignore soil spatial variability throughout the reference strips, (ii) account for soil variability in the reference strips based on second-order NRCS soil map units, and (iii) account for soil variability based on apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) data as a surrogate for soil texture differences in the reference strips. A sufficiency index (SI) calculated from radiometer measured canopy reflectance data (SIsensor) and from SPAD chlorophyll meter data (SImeter) at two growth stages during corn vegetative growth were used to assess N sufficiency within the N enriched reference strips. By ignoring soil spatial variability in the reference strips, corn in the sandier soils was designated N deficient. Accounting for soil spatial variability using NRCS soil mapping units improved N sufficiency designations of corn in the reference strip for the different soil types contained within the reference strip but tended to designate corn in lighter texture areas within a mapping unit as N deficient. Use of ECa as a surrogate for soil texture typically performed best for classifying corn N sufficiency throughout the reference strip and is recommended as a method to obtain reference strip normalizing values in fields with spatially variable sandy soils. C1 [Bausch, Walter C.; Brodahl, Mary K.] ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Nat Resources Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bausch, WC (reprint author), ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Nat Resources Res Ctr, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM walter.bausch@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 104 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s11119-011-9230-9 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 908VC UT WOS:000301520100009 ER PT J AU Sleddens, EFC Hughes, SO O'Connor, TM Beltran, A Baranowski, JC Nicklas, TA Baranowski, T AF Sleddens, Ester F. C. Hughes, Sheryl O. O'Connor, Teresia M. Beltran, Alicia Baranowski, Janice C. Nicklas, Theresa A. Baranowski, Tom TI THE CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE VERY SHORT SCALE: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A ONE-ITEM TEMPERAMENT SCALE SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMPROVING MEASUREMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HEALTH-EDUCATION; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; YOUNG-CHILDREN; STYLE AB Little research has been conducted on the psychometrics of the very short scale (36 items) of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire, and no one-item temperament scale has been tested for use in applied work. In this study, 237 United States caregivers completed a survey to define their child's behavioral patterns (i.e., Surgency, Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control) using both scales. Psychometrics of the 36-item Children's Behavior Questionnaire were examined using classical test theory, principal factor analysis, and item response modeling. Classical test theory analysis demonstrated adequate internal consistency and factor analysis confirmed a three-factor structure. Potential improvements to the measure were identified using item response modeling. A one-item (three response categories) temperament scale was validated against the three temperament factors of the 36-item scale. The temperament response categories correlated with the temperament factors of the 36-item scale, as expected. The one-item temperament scale may be applicable for clinical use. C1 [Sleddens, Ester F. C.] Maastricht Univ Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Promot, NUTRIM Sch Nutr Toxicol & Metab, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Hughes, Sheryl O.; O'Connor, Teresia M.; Beltran, Alicia; Baranowski, Janice C.; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sleddens, EFC (reprint author), Maastricht Univ Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Promot, NUTRIM Sch Nutr Toxicol & Metab, POB 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. EM ester.sleddens@maastrichtuniversity.nl RI Sleddens, Ester/D-7018-2013; OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD058175] NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807-9229 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 197 EP 217 DI 10.2466/08.10.21.PR0.110.1.197-217 PG 21 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 909IY UT WOS:000301559400014 PM 22489386 ER PT J AU Spear, A Sisterson, MS Stenger, DC AF Spear, Allyn Sisterson, Mark S. Stenger, Drake C. TI Reovirus genomes from plant-feeding insects represent a newly discovered lineage within the family Reoviridae SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Spissistilus festinus reovirus; Acinopterus angulatus reovirus ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; CONSERVED TERMINAL SEQUENCES; WOUND TUMOR-VIRUS; RICE-DWARF-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HOMALODISCA-VITRIPENNIS; EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; DSRNA VIRUSES AB A complex set of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) was isolated from threecornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), a plant-feeding hemipteran pest. A subset of these dsRNAs constitute the genome of a new reovirus, provisionally designated Spissistilus festinus reovirus (SpFRV). SpFRV was present in threecornered alfalfa hopper populations in the San Joaquin Valley of California, with incidence ranging from 10% to 60% in 24 of 25 sample sets analyzed. The 10 dsRNA segments of SpFRV were completely sequenced and shown to share conserved terminal sequences (5'-AGAGA and CGAUGUUGU-3') of the positive-sense strand that are distinct from known species of the family Reoviridae. Comparisons of the RNA directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) indicated SpFRV is most closely related (39.1% amino acid identity) to another new reovirus infecting the angulate leafhopper (Acinopterus angulatus) and provisionally designated Acinopterus angulatus reovirus (AcARV). The RdRp of both viruses was distantly related to Raspberry latent virus RdRp at 27.0% (SpFRV) and 30.0% (AcARV) or Rice ragged stunt virus RdRp at 26.2% (SpFRV) and 29.0% (AcARV) amino acid identity. RdRp phylogeny confirmed that SpFRV and AcARV are sister taxa sharing a most recent common ancestor. SpFRV segment 6 encodes a protein containing two NTP binding motifs that are conserved in homologs of reoviruses in the subfamily Spinareovirinae. The protein encoded by SpFRV segment 4 was identified as a guanylyltransferase homolog. SpFRV segments 1.3. and 10 encode homologs of reovirus structural proteins. No homologs were identified for proteins encoded by SpFRV segments 5, 7, 8, and 9. Collectively, the low level of sequence identity with other reoviruses, similar segment terminal sequences, RdRp phylogeny, and host taxa indicate that SpFRV and AcARV may be considered members of a proposed new genus of the family Reoviridae (subfamily Spinareovirinae), with SpFRV assigned as the type species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Spear, Allyn; Sisterson, Mark S.; Stenger, Drake C.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5302-22000-008-00D] FX We thank Pat Dwyer, Keira Lucas, Sean Uchima, Stephanie Coffman, and Kunbo Zhang for technical assistance. This research was supported by USDA-ARS project 5302-22000-008-00D. Mention of proprietary or brand names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval to the exclusion of others that also may be suitable. This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of source. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 163 IS 2 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.11.015 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 905XL UT WOS:000301309400012 PM 22142476 ER PT J AU Webster, CG Adkins, S AF Webster, Craig G. Adkins, Scott TI Low genetic diversity of Squash vein yellowing virus in wild and cultivated cucurbits in the US suggests a recent introduction SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ipomovirus; Potyviridae; Squash vein yellowing virus; Recombination ID BROWN-STREAK-VIRUS; POTATO-MILD-MOTTLE; WHITEFLY-TRANSMITTED MEMBER; BEMISIA-TABACI GENNADIUS; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; EAST-AFRICA; SWEET-POTATO; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; HC-PRO; RT-PCR AB Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) isolates were collected from cultivated and weedy cucurbits representing major hosts and locations in the U.S. and analyzed to better understand the diversity and population structure. No differences in symptoms were observed in field-collected isolate source plants or subsequently inoculated greenhouse plants, and the complete genome of an SqVYV isolate from a wild cucurbit host (smellmelon, Cucumis melo var. dudaim) was highly similar (99.4% nucleotide identity, 99.3% amino acid identity) to the previously published type isolate from squash. Although analysis of the coat protein (CP) and two serine proteases (P1a and P1b) sequences for 41 isolates showed little diversity across seven years of sampling, it revealed two distinct groups of SqVYV isolates with low intra-group diversity. Our analyses also suggested that recombination had occurred between SqVYV isolates, similar to other ipomoviruses. Selection pressures on the genome regions analyzed were negative indicating purifying selection was occurring. The magnitude of negative selection in SqVYV was consistent with what has been reported for other ipomoviruses, and was greatest for the CP and least for the P1b. The observed genetic diversity was similar to that reported for Cucumber vein yellowing virus but less than that reported for Sweet potato mild mottle virus, Cassava brown streak virus and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus. Collectively, these results indicate that the current U.S. population of SqVYV has undergone a recent genetic bottleneck and was introduced from elsewhere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Webster, Craig G.; Adkins, Scott] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM scott.adkins@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 163 IS 2 BP 520 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.11.017 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 905XL UT WOS:000301309400014 PM 22142477 ER PT J AU Henzel, A Silva, MSE Luo, S Lovato, LT Weiblen, R AF Henzel, A. Sa e Silva, M. Luo, S. Lovato, L. T. Weiblen, R. TI Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of capsid protein gene in feline calicivirus isolates from Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FCV; ORF2; Brazilian isolates; Molecular diversity ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; CATS; IDENTIFICATION; NEUTRALIZATION; HERPESVIRUS; PARVOVIRUS; EPITOPES; REGIONS; VIRUS AB Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important pathogen that affects domestic cats, inducing acute oral and upper respiratory tract clinical signs. The aim of this study was to analyze the variability of the capsid protein in different FCV isolates from southern Brazil. The sequencing analyses of thirteen Brazilian FCV samples, phylogenetic analyses and assessments of ten previously published sequences were conducted by examining the open reading frame 2 (ORF2, regions B-F). Comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences of the ORF2 in Brazilian FCV isolates with those of the FCV-F9 strain indicated that the main differences are located within the regions C and hypervariable E (HVR_E). Epitopes that were mapped to the regions D, 5'HVR_E and conserved E also presented with some variability when compared to the strain F9. This is the first study describing sequence analyses and the phylogenetic relationships among FCV isolates from Brazil. The results presented here may expand upon current knowledge regarding aspects of FCV biology, epidemiology and genetic diversity and provide insights into improving the efficacies of current FCV vaccines. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiblen, R.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Setor Virol, DMVP, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Henzel, A.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Programa Posgrad Med Vet, DMVP, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Sa e Silva, M.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Luo, S.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lovato, L. T.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Setor Virol, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Ctr Ciencias Saude, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. RP Weiblen, R (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Maria, Setor Virol, DMVP, Av Roraima 1000,Predio 20,Sala 4200, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. EM henzelvet@yahoo.com.br; msaesilva@yahoo.com.br; sluo@illinois.edu; ltlovato@gmail.com; rudiweiblen@gmail.com RI Weiblen, Rudi/H-7003-2014 OI Weiblen, Rudi/0000-0002-1737-9817 FU CNPq (Brazilian Council for Research) [301339/04-0] FX R. Weiblen (301339/04-0) is a recipient of CNPq (Brazilian Council for Research) scholarships. A. Henzel is recipient of a student fellowship from CNPq. We are also grateful to Elgion S. Loreto' laboratory for the DNA sequencing and to Mario C.S. Brum for the critical review of this manuscript. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 163 IS 2 BP 667 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.12.008 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 905XL UT WOS:000301309400032 PM 22197423 ER PT J AU Young, BA Stenger, DC Qu, F Morris, TJ Tatineni, S French, R AF Young, Brock A. Stenger, Drake C. Qu, Feng Morris, T. Jack Tatineni, Satyanarayana French, Roy TI Tritimovirus P1 functions as a suppressor of RNA silencing and an enhancer of disease symptoms SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wheat streak mosaic virus; Post-transcriptional gene silencing suppression; Potyviridae ID STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; ERIOPHYID MITE TRANSMISSION; VEIN-YELLOWING-VIRUS; WHEAT CURL MITE; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; HC-PRO; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; MOTTLE-VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is an eriophyid mite-transmitted virus of the genus Tritimovirus. family Potyviridae. Complete deletion of helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) has no effect on WSMV virulence or disease synergism, suggesting that a different viral protein suppresses RNA silencing. RNA silencing suppression assays using Nicotiana benthamiana 16C plants expressing GFP were conducted with each WSMV protein; only P1 suppressed RNA silencing. Accumulation of GFP siRNAs was markedly reduced in leaves infiltrated with WSMV P1 at both 3 and 6 days post infiltration relative to WSMV HC-Pro and the empty vector control. On the other hand, helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of two species in the mite-transmitted genus Rymovirus, family Potyviridae was demonstrated to be a suppressor of RNA silencing. Symptom enhancement assays were conducted by inoculating Potato virus X (PVX) onto transgenic N. benthamiana. Symptoms produced by PVX were more severe on transgenic plants expressing WSMV P1 or potyvirus HC-Pro compared to transgenic plants expressing GFP or WSMV HC-Pro. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Young, Brock A.; Stenger, Drake C.; Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Young, Brock A.; Stenger, Drake C.; Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Young, Brock A.; Qu, Feng; Morris, T. Jack] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP French, R (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM roy.french@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 163 IS 2 BP 672 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.12.019 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 905XL UT WOS:000301309400033 PM 22230313 ER PT J AU Heiman, P Malone, RW Ma, L Hatfield, JL Ahuja, LR Boyle, KP Kanwar, RS AF Heiman, P. Malone, R. W. Ma, L. Hatfield, J. L. Ahuja, L. R. Boyle, K. P. Kanwar, R. S. TI Extending results from agricultural fields with intensively monitored data to surrounding areas for water quality management SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Nitrate; Tile drainage; Tileflow; Simulation model; Decision support system ID TILE-DRAINAGE; CROP YIELD; SYSTEMS; LOSSES; SIMULATION; APSIM; FLOW; IOWA AB A 45% reduction in riverine total nitrogen flux from the 1980-1996 time period is needed to meet water quality goals in the Mississippi Basin and Gulf of Mexico. This paper addresses the goal of reducing nitrogen in the Mississippi River through three objectives. First, the paper outlines an approach to the site-specific quantification of management effects on nitrogen loading from tile drained agriculture using a simulation model and expert review. Second, information about the net returns to farmers is integrated with the nitrogen loading information to assess the incentives to adopt alternative management systems. Third, the results are presented in a decision support framework that compares the rankings of management systems based on observed and simulated values for net returns and nitrogen loading. The specific question addressed is how information about the physical and biological processes at Iowa State University's Northeast Research Farm near Nashua, Iowa, could be applied over a large area to help farmers select management systems to reduce nitrogen loading in tile drained areas. Previous research has documented the parameterization and calibration of the RZWQM model at Nashua to simulate 35 management system effects on corn and soybean yields and N loading in tileflow from 1990 to 2003. As most management systems were studied for a 6 year period and in some cases weather had substantial impacts, a set of 30 alternative management systems were also simulated using a common 1974-2003 input climate dataset. To integrate an understanding of the economics of N management, we calculated net returns for all management systems using the DevTreks social budgeting tool. We ranked the 35 observed systems in the Facilitator decision support tool using N loading and net returns and found that rankings from simulated results were very similar to those from the observed results from both an onsite and offsite perspective. We analyzed the effects of tillage, crop rotation, cover crops, and N application method, timing, and amount for the 30 long term simulations on net returns and N loading. The primary contribution of this paper is an approach to creating a quality assured database of management effects on nitrogen loading and net returns for tile drained agriculture in the Mississippi Basin. Such a database would systematically extend data from intensively monitored agricultural fields to the larger area those fields represent. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heiman, P.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Malone, R. W.; Hatfield, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.] ARS, USDA, NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kanwar, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, Agr & Biosyst Engn Dept, Ames, IA USA. RP Heiman, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM phil.heilman@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 106 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2011.10.010 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 904AQ UT WOS:000301166400006 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Schwartz, RC Casanova, JJ Heng, LK AF Evett, Steven R. Schwartz, Robert C. Casanova, Joaquin J. Heng, Lee K. TI Soil water sensing for water balance, ET and WUE SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Soil water content; Measurement; Sensing; Accuracy; Irrigation scheduling; ET; Water use efficiency ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; FINE SAND SOILS; FIELD CALIBRATION; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; FREQUENCY; IRRIGATION; SENSOR; TEMPERATURE AB The soil water balance can be solved for evapotranspiration (ET) using soil water change in storage data from either weighing lysimetry or soil water sensing and measurement, along with data on the other components of the water balance. Weighing lysimeters are expensive and, although accurate, are difficult to manage and afford little replication. Direct soil water measurement by coring is accurate enough, but plagued by spatial variability that induces unwanted variability in the change in soil water storage between dates, and is destructive and time/labor consuming. Here we focus on soil water sensing using the neutron probe and various electromagnetic (EM) sensors (capacitance, time domain reflectometry (TDR) and quasi-TDR) with respect to the relative levels of uncertainty in profile water content, change in soil water storage, and estimates of deep flux; and their impact on estimated ET and water use efficiency (WUE). Studies consistently showed errors up to and >0.05 m(3) m(-3) for capacitance sensors used in access tubes, which implied errors in soil water flux estimation of up to 50 mm day(-1), and calibrations that were so sensitive to soil bulk electrical conductivity (ad,) and temperature that water content and change in storage estimates were rendered unreliable. Also, larger spatial variability of water contents reported by capacitance sensors was tied to the EM field penetration in structured soils around access tubes being non-uniform and influenced by the random arrangement of soil micro-scale water content, ad, and bulk density distribution. Thus, we recommend that profiling sensor systems based on capacitance technology not be used for studies of water balance, ET and WUE, nor for irrigation scheduling. Recommended methods include the neutron probe, direct volumetric soil sampling and, in some cases, conventional time domain reflectometry with waveform capture and analysis. New sensor development efforts should focus on waveguide approaches using TDR technology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Evett, Steven R.; Schwartz, Robert C.; Casanova, Joaquin J.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Heng, Lee K.] Joint FAO IAEA Div Nucl Tech Food & Agr, Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutr Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM steve.evett@ars.usda.gov FU International Atomic Energy Agency [11186/FAO]; Middle Eastern Regional Irrigation Management Information Systems; USDA-ARS Office of International Research Programs; USDA-ARS; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; West Texas AM University FX We gratefully acknowledge support from International Atomic Energy Agency Research Contract No. 11186/FAO, from the Middle Eastern Regional Irrigation Management Information Systems project sponsored by the USDA-ARS Office of International Research Programs, and from the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University, as well as the dedicated support of Mr. Brice Ruthardt, USDA-ARS Biological Science Technician. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 11 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 104 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2011.12.002 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 900BW UT WOS:000300862600001 ER PT J AU Pankau, RC Schoonover, JE Williard, KWJ Edwards, PJ AF Pankau, R. C. Schoonover, J. E. Williard, K. W. J. Edwards, P. J. TI Concentrated flow paths in riparian buffer zones of southern Illinois SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Concentrated flow; Nonpoint source pollution; Riparian forest buffer; Sediment berm; Sedimentation; Sheet flow ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; AGRICULTURAL SEDIMENT; CENTRAL IOWA; GRASS; NUTRIENT; USA; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; REMOVAL; FORESTS AB Riparian buffers in agricultural landscapes should be designed to trap pollutants in overland flow by slowing, filtering, and infiltrating surface runoff entering the buffer via sheet flow. However, observational evidence suggests that concentrated flow is prevalent from agricultural fields. Over time sediment can accumulate in riparian buffers forming berms that restrict sheet flow; these berms ultimately back up surface runoff, resulting in an eventual breakthrough that concentrates overland flow. This study examines the occurrence of concentrated flow paths (CFPs) in riparian buffers at both the field and watershed scale. At the field scale, intensive topographic surveys were conducted at ten field sites in southern Illinois. To assess the prevalence of CFPs at the watershed scale, three watersheds in southern Illinois were selected for walking stream surveys along randomly selected 1,000 m reaches. CFPs were identified in all topographic surveys and all walking stream surveys. Among field sites, concentrated flow accounted for 82.5-100% of the drainage leaving the agricultural fields. Sediment berm accumulation was identified at all field sites and was positively correlated with CFP size. At the watershed scale, CFPs were more abundant in agricultural areas compared to forested land. Results from this study indicate that concentrated flow was prevalent across all study sites at both the field and watershed scale. Thus, surface water quality may suffer in areas with poorly functioning buffers, and managers must consider the occurrence of CFPs when designing and maintaining riparian buffers to protect stream water quality. C1 [Pankau, R. C.] USDA NRCS, Murphysboro, IL 62966 USA. [Schoonover, J. E.; Williard, K. W. J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Edwards, P. J.] USDA Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Pankau, RC (reprint author), USDA NRCS, 1213 N 14th St, Murphysboro, IL 62966 USA. EM ryan.pankau@il.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 84 IS 2 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10457-011-9457-5 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 892VE UT WOS:000300312900007 ER PT J AU Paudel, BR Udawatta, RP Kremer, RJ Anderson, SH AF Paudel, Bodh R. Udawatta, Ranjith P. Kremer, Robert J. Anderson, Stephen H. TI Soil quality indicator responses to row crop, grazed pasture, and agroforestry buffer management SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Agroecosystem interactions; Microbial activity; Perennial vegetation; Soil enzymes; Soil organic carbon ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; AGGREGATE-ASSOCIATED C; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATE AGROFORESTRY; TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CARBON DYNAMICS AB Soil enzyme activities and water stable aggregates have been identified as sensitive soil quality indicators, but few studies exist comparing those parameters within buffers, grazed pastures and row-crop systems. Our objective was to examine the effects of these land uses on the activities of selected enzymes (beta-glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase, and dehydrogenase), proportion of water stable aggregates (WSA), soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Four management treatments [grazed pasture (GP), agroforestry buffer (AgB), grass buffer (GB) and row crop (RC)] were sampled in 2009 and 2010 at two depths (0 to 10- and 10 to 20-cm) and analyzed. Most of the soil quality indicators were significantly greater under perennial vegetation when compared to row crop treatments. Although there were numerical variations, soil quality response trends were consistent between years. The beta-glucosaminidase activity increased slightly from 156 to 177 mu g PNP g(-1) dry soil while beta-glucosidase activity slightly decreased from 248 to 237 mu g PNP g(-1) dry soil in GB treatment during 2 years. The surface (0-10 cm depth) had greater enzyme activities and WSA than sub-surface (10-20 cm) samples. WSA increased from 178 to 314 g kg(-1) in row crop areas while all other treatments had similar values during the 2 year study. The treatment by depth interaction was significant (P < 0.05) for beta-glucosidase and beta-glucosaminidase enzymes in 2009 and for dehydrogenase and beta-glucosaminidase in 2010. Soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon content (r a parts per thousand yen 0.94, P < 0.0001). This is important because soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass can be enhanced by perennial vegetation and thus improve several other soil quality parameters. These results also support the hypothesis that positive interactions among management practices, soil biota and subsequent environmental quality effects are of great agricultural and ecological importance. C1 [Paudel, Bodh R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Udawatta, Ranjith P.; Anderson, Stephen H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Udawatta, Ranjith P.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Paudel, BR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bodh.paudel@wsu.edu FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry [58-6227-1-004]; USDA-ARS FX This work was funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements 58-6227-1-004 with the USDA-ARS. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. We would also like to express our thanks to Yarrow Titus, Jim Ortbals and Aquib Choudhry for assisting in the field and laboratory work. NR 71 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 84 IS 2 BP 311 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10457-011-9454-8 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 892VE UT WOS:000300312900015 ER PT J AU Egan, AN Schlueter, J Spooner, DM AF Egan, Ashley N. Schlueter, Jessica Spooner, David M. TI APPLICATIONS OF NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING IN PLANT BIOLOGY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Editorial Material DE development; DNA sequencing; genomics; next-generation sequencing; plant biology ID RNA-SEQ DATA; ENRICHMENT STRATEGIES; DNA; GENOME; REVEALS; BIOINFORMATICS; TECHNOLOGIES; ARABIDOPSIS; POLYMERASE; CHALLENGES AB The last several years have seen revolutionary advances in DNA sequencing technologies with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. NGS methods now allow millions of bases to be sequenced in one round, at a fraction of the cost relative to traditional Sanger sequencing. As costs and capabilities of these technologies continue to improve, we are only beginning to see the possibilities of NGS platforms, which are developing in parallel with online availability of a wide range of biological data sets and scientific publications and allowing us to address a variety of questions not possible before. As techniques and data sets continue to improve and grow, we are rapidly moving to the point where every organism, not just select "model organisms", is open to the power of NGS. This volume presents a brief synopsis of NGS technologies and the development of exemplary applications of such methods in the fields of molecular marker development, hybridization and introgression, transcriptome investigations, phylogenetic and ecological studies, polyploid genetics, and applications for large genebank collections. C1 [Egan, Ashley N.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Schlueter, Jessica] Univ N Carolina, Dept Bioinformat & Genom, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Egan, AN (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Howell Sci Complex N303A,Mailstop 551, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM egana@ecu.edu; David.Spooner@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 6 U2 76 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.3732/ajb.1200020 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895BL UT WOS:000300471100001 PM 22312116 ER PT J AU Zalapa, JE Cuevas, H Zhu, HY Steffan, S Senalik, D Zeldin, E McCown, B Harbut, R Simon, P AF Zalapa, Juan E. Cuevas, Hugo Zhu, Huayu Steffan, Shawn Senalik, Douglas Zeldin, Eric McCown, Brent Harbut, Rebecca Simon, Philipp TI USING NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING APPROACHES TO ISOLATE SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) LOCI IN THE PLANT SCIENCES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cranberry; 454 and Illumina sequencing; high-throughput genotyping; microsatellites; next generation sequencing; organelle SSR; Vaccinium macrocarpon ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU; CAJANUS-CAJAN L.; EST-SSR; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; MARKER DISCOVERY; DNA; PRIMERS; TREE AB The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for the development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite loci for genetic research in the botanical sciences is described. Microsatellite markers are one of the most informative and versatile DNA-based markers used in plant genetic research, but their development has traditionally been a difficult and costly process. NGS technologies allow the efficient identification of large numbers of microsatellites at a fraction of the cost and effort of traditional approaches. The major advantage of NGS methods is their ability to produce large amounts of sequence data from which to isolate and develop numerous genome-wide and gene-based microsatellite loci. The two major NGS technologies with emergent application in SSR isolation are 454 and Illumina. A review is provided of several recent studies demonstrating the efficient use of 454 and Illumina technologies for the discovery of microsatellites in plants. Additionally, important aspects during NGS isolation and development of microsatellites are discussed, including the use of computational tools and high-throughput genotyping methods. A data set of microsatellite loci in the plastome and mitochondriome of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is provided to illustrate a successful application of 454 sequencing for SSR discovery. In the future, NGS technologies will massively increase the number of SSRs and other genetic markers available to conduct genetic research in understudied but economically important crops such as cranberry. C1 [Zalapa, Juan E.; Steffan, Shawn; Senalik, Douglas; Simon, Philipp] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zalapa, Juan E.; Zhu, Huayu; Senalik, Douglas; Zeldin, Eric; McCown, Brent; Harbut, Rebecca; Simon, Philipp] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cuevas, Hugo] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Zalapa, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jezalapa@wisc.edu FU USDA-ARS [3655-21220-001-00] FX The authors thank PS100, Emily Gustin, Massimo Iorizzo, Jose Morales, and Josh Hyman for their help with different aspects of this manuscript. This work was supported by USDA-ARS (Project # 3655-21220-001-00) funding provided to J.E.Z. NR 121 TC 157 Z9 166 U1 9 U2 123 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100394 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895BL UT WOS:000300471100003 PM 22186186 ER PT J AU Lai, Z Kane, NC Kozik, A Hodgins, KA Dlugosch, KM Barker, MS Matvienko, M Yu, Q Turner, KG Pearl, SA Bell, GDM Zou, Y Grassa, C Guggisberg, A Adams, KL Anderson, JV Horvath, DP Kesseli, RV Burke, JM Michelmore, RW Rieseberg, LH AF Lai, Zhao Kane, Nolan C. Kozik, Alex Hodgins, Kathryn A. Dlugosch, Katrina M. Barker, Michael S. Matvienko, Marta Yu, Qian Turner, Kathryn G. Pearl, Stephanie Anne Bell, Graeme D. M. Zou, Yi Grassa, Chris Guggisberg, Alessia Adams, Keith L. Anderson, James V. Horvath, David P. Kesseli, Richard V. Burke, John M. Michelmore, Richard W. Rieseberg, Loren H. TI GENOMICS OF COMPOSITAE WEEDS: EST LIBRARIES, MICROARRAYS, AND EVIDENCE OF INTROGRESSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; Compositae; ESTs; hybridization; introgression; invasive plants; microarray development; next-generation sequencing; sequence assemblies; transcriptome sequencing; weeds ID SUNFLOWER HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; POPULATION GENETIC ANALYSES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; UNITED-STATES; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSCRIPTOME CHARACTERIZATION; AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; ADAPTIVE INTROGRESSION; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ECONOMIC-IMPACT AB Premise of study: Weeds cause considerable environmental and economic damage. However, genomic characterization of weeds has lagged behind that of model plants and crop species. Here we describe the development of genomic tools and resources for 11 weeds from the Compositae family that will serve as a basis for subsequent population and comparative genomic analyses. Because hybridization has been suggested as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness, we also analyze these genomic data for evidence of hybridization. Methods: We generated 22 expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries for the 11 targeted weeds using Sanger, 454, and Illumina sequencing, compared the coverage and quality of sequence assemblies, and developed NimbleGen microarrays for expression analyses in five taxa. When possible, we also compared the distributions of Ks values between orthologs of congeneric taxa to detect and quantify hybridization and introgression. Results: Gene discovery was enhanced by sequencing from multiple tissues, normalization of cDNA libraries, and especially greater sequencing depth. However, assemblies from short sequence reads sometimes failed to resolve close paralogs. Substantial introgression was detected in Centaurea and Helianthus, but not in Ambrosia and Lactuca. Conclusions: Transcriptome sequencing using next-generation platforms has greatly reduced the cost of genomic studies of nonmodel organisms, and the ESTs and microarrays reported here will accelerate evolutionary and molecular investigations of Compositae weeds. Our study also shows how ortholog comparisons can be used to approximately estimate the genome-wide extent of introgression and to identify genes that have been exchanged between hybridizing taxa. C1 [Lai, Zhao; Yu, Qian; Zou, Yi; Rieseberg, Loren H.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Lai, Zhao; Yu, Qian; Zou, Yi; Rieseberg, Loren H.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kane, Nolan C.; Hodgins, Kathryn A.; Turner, Kathryn G.; Bell, Graeme D. M.; Grassa, Chris; Guggisberg, Alessia; Adams, Keith L.; Rieseberg, Loren H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kane, Nolan C.; Hodgins, Kathryn A.; Turner, Kathryn G.; Bell, Graeme D. M.; Grassa, Chris; Guggisberg, Alessia; Adams, Keith L.; Rieseberg, Loren H.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kozik, Alex; Matvienko, Marta; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kozik, Alex; Matvienko, Marta; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dlugosch, Katrina M.; Barker, Michael S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pearl, Stephanie Anne; Burke, John M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Anderson, James V.; Horvath, David P.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Kesseli, Richard V.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Rieseberg, LH (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM lriesebe@mail.ubc.ca RI Guggisberg, Alessia/G-4714-2012; Burke, John/A-3502-2013; Rieseberg, Loren/B-3591-2013; Turner, Kathryn/M-2074-2014; OI Burke, John/0000-0002-1412-5539; Rieseberg, Loren/0000-0002-2712-2417; Turner, Kathryn/0000-0001-8982-0301; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691; Dlugosch, Katrina/0000-0002-7302-6637 FU National Science Foundation [0421630, 0820451]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [353026] FX The authors thank F. Bretagnolle, P. van Dijk, T. Gulya, J. Hierra, R. Hufbauer, L. Kiss, P. Kotanen, Y. Sapir, D. Lavelle, and G. Seiler for assistance in obtaining seed or tissue collections; and M. Stewart, M. Scascitelli, H. Luton, and K. Nurkowski for technical assistance. They also thank the sequencing and bioinformatics teams at the Joint Genome Institute, Genome Quebec, Indiana University's Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and the David H. Murdock Research Institute for assistance with the generation and processing of the raw sequence data. National Science Foundation Awards 0421630 and 0820451 and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Award 353026 provided funding. NR 78 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 39 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100313 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895BL UT WOS:000300471100004 PM 22058181 ER PT J AU Cronn, R Knaus, BJ Liston, A Maughan, PJ Parks, M Syring, JV Udall, J AF Cronn, Richard Knaus, Brian J. Liston, Aaron Maughan, Peter J. Parks, Matthew Syring, John V. Udall, Joshua TI TARGETED ENRICHMENT STRATEGIES FOR NEXT-GENERATION PLANT BIOLOGY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE target enrichment; genome reduction; hybridization; genotyping-by-sequencing; microfluidic PCR; multiplex PCR; transcriptome sequencing ID RNA-SEQ DATA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; BY-SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY; HUMAN GENOMIC DNA; LARGE-SCALE; MULTIPLEX AMPLIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHLOROPLAST GENOMES; MUTATION DISCOVERY AB Premise of the study: The dramatic advances offered by modern DNA sequencers continue to redefine the limits of what can be accomplished in comparative plant biology. Even with recent achievements, however, plant genomes present obstacles that can make it difficult to execute large-scale population and phylogenetic studies on next-generation sequencing platforms. Factors like large genome size, extensive variation in the proportion of organellar DNA in total DNA, polyploidy, and gene number/redundancy contribute to these challenges, and they demand flexible targeted enrichment strategies to achieve the desired goals. Methods: In this article, we summarize the many available targeted enrichment strategies that can be used to target partial-to-complete organellar genomes, as well as known and anonymous nuclear targets. These methods fall under four categories: PCR-based enrichment, hybridization-based enrichment, restriction enzyme-based enrichment, and enrichment of expressed gene sequences. Key results: Examples of plant-specific applications exist for nearly all methods described. While some methods are well established (e.g., transcriptome sequencing), other promising methods are in their infancy (hybridization enrichment). A direct comparison of methods shows that PCR-based enrichment may be a reasonable strategy for accessing small genomic targets (e.g., <= 50 kbp), but that hybridization and transcriptome sequencing scale more efficiently if larger targets are desired. Conclusions: While the benefits of targeted sequencing are greatest in plants with large genomes, nearly all comparative projects can benefit from the improved throughput offered by targeted multiplex DNA sequencing, particularly as the amount of data produced from a single instrument approaches a trillion bases per run. C1 [Cronn, Richard; Knaus, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liston, Aaron; Parks, Matthew] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Maughan, Peter J.; Udall, Joshua] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Syring, John V.] Linfield Coll, Dept Biol, Mcminneville, OR 97128 USA. RP Cronn, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcronn@fs.fed.us RI Maughan, Peter/G-1600-2013; OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494; Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343 FU USDA-AFRI [2010-65300-20166]; National Science Foundation [ATOL-0629508, DEB-0317103]; M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust FX We thank Jonathan Wendel and Lex Flagel for input on hybridization experiments and Katherine Armes, Tara Jennings, Sara Sundholm, and Jennifer Swanson for laboratory assistance. Tara Jennings and Shannon Straub provided critical input and editorial suggestions for early drafts of this manuscript. The research described in this review was financially supported by the USDA-AFRI Plant Genome program (grant 2010-65300-20166 to R.C), the National Science Foundation (grants ATOL-0629508 and DEB-0317103 to A.L. and R.C.), the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust (to J.V.S.), and our respective institutions. The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 137 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 10 U2 102 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 291 EP 311 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100356 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895BL UT WOS:000300471100011 PM 22312117 ER PT J AU Kane, N Sveinsson, S Dempewolf, H Yang, JY Zhang, DP Engels, JMM Cronk, Q AF Kane, Nolan Sveinsson, Saemundur Dempewolf, Hannes Yang, Ji Yong Zhang, Dapeng Engels, Johannes M. M. Cronk, Quentin TI ULTRA-BARCODING IN CACAO (THEOBROMA SPP.; MALVACEAE) USING WHOLE CHLOROPLAST GENOMES AND NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cacao; chloroplast; DNA barcoding; evolution; genomics; Gossypium; Malvaceae; plastid; Theobroma; ultra-barcoding ID CONCERTED EVOLUTION; INTERGENIC SPACER; SEQUENCE DATA; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; TREE; L.; CONSERVATION; GOSSYPIUM; GENES AB Premise of study: To reliably identify lineages below the species level such as subspecies or varieties, we propose an extension to DNA-barcoding using next-generation sequencing to produce whole organellar genomes and substantial nuclear ribosomal sequence. Because this method uses much longer versions of the traditional DNA-barcoding loci in the plastid and ribosomal DNA, we call our approach ultra-barcoding (UBC). Methods: We used high-throughput next-generation sequencing to scan the genome and generate reliable sequence of high copy number regions. Using this method, we examined whole plastid genomes as well as nearly 6000 bases of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences for nine genotypes of Theobroma cacao and an individual of the related species T. grandiflorum, as well as an additional publicly available whole plastid genome of T. cacao. Key results: All individuals of T. cacao examined were uniquely distinguished, and evidence of reticulation and gene flow was observed. Sequence variation was observed in some of the canonical barcoding regions between species, but other regions of the chloroplast were more variable both within species and between species, as were ribosomal spacers. Furthermore, no single region provides the level of data available using the complete plastid genome and rDNA. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that UBC is a viable, increasingly cost-effective approach for reliably distinguishing varieties and even individual genotypes of T. cacao. This approach shows great promise for applications where very closely related or interbreeding taxa must be distinguished. C1 [Kane, Nolan; Sveinsson, Saemundur; Dempewolf, Hannes; Yang, Ji Yong; Cronk, Quentin] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Zhang, Dapeng] ARS, SPCL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Engels, Johannes M. M.] Biovers Int, I-00057 Rome, Italy. RP Kane, N (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM nkane@biodiversity.ubc.ca RI Sveinsson, Saemundur/F-8262-2011; OI Cronk, Quentin/0000-0002-4027-7368 FU World Bank Development Marketplace grant; NSERC FX This work was funded by a World Bank Development Marketplace grant awarded to Q.C. and J.E. We thank Chris Grassa, Lambert Motilal, and Loren Rieseberg for helpful discussions and advice; Brian Irish (USDA ARS) and Kyle Wallick (USBG) for providing leaf samples; Stephen Pinney (USDA ARS) for assistance with DNA extractions; and Jon Armstrong and Jarret Glasscock (Cofactor Genomics, St. Louis) for sequencing assistance. Q.C. also acknowledges laboratory support from NSERC. NR 91 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 38 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 320 EP 329 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100570 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895BL UT WOS:000300471100013 PM 22301895 ER PT J AU Straub, SCK Parks, M Weitemier, K Fishbein, M Cronn, RC Liston, A AF Straub, Shannon C. K. Parks, Matthew Weitemier, Kevin Fishbein, Mark Cronn, Richard C. Liston, Aaron TI NAVIGATING THE TIP OF THE GENOMIC ICEBERG: NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING FOR PLANT SYSTEMATICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asclepias; chloroplast content; genome skimming; Illumina; next-generation sequencing; low-copy nuclear gene; plant systematics; plastome; reference-guided assembly; ribosomal DNA cistron ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; NUCLEAR-DNA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TAXONOMIC LEVELS; COPY NUMBER; ALIGNMENT; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY; GENES AB Premise of the study: Just as Sanger sequencing did more than 20 years ago, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is poised to revolutionize plant systematics. By combining multiplexing approaches with NGS throughput, systematists may no longer need to choose between more taxa or more characters. Here we describe a genome skimming (shallow sequencing) approach for plant systematics. Methods: Through simulations, we evaluated optimal sequencing depth and performance of single-end and paired-end short read sequences for assembly of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and plastomes and addressed the effect of divergence on reference-guided plastome assembly. We also used simulations to identify potential phylogenetic markers from low-copy nuclear loci at different sequencing depths. We demonstrated the utility of genome skimming through phylogenetic analysis of the Sonoran Desert clade (SDC) of Asclepias (Apocynaceae). Key results: Paired-end reads performed better than single-end reads. Minimum sequencing depths for high quality rDNA and plastome assemblies were 40x and 30x, respectively. Divergence from the reference significantly affected plastome assembly, but relatively similar references are available for most seed plants. Deeper rDNA sequencing is necessary to characterize intragenomic polymorphism. The low-copy fraction of the nuclear genome was readily surveyed, even at low sequencing depths. Nearly 160000 bp of sequence from three organelles provided evidence of phylogenetic incongruence in the SDC. Conclusions: Adoption of NGS will facilitate progress in plant systematics, as whole plastome and rDNA cistrons, partial mitochondrial genomes, and low-copy nuclear markers can now be efficiently obtained for molecular phylogenetics studies. C1 [Straub, Shannon C. K.; Parks, Matthew; Weitemier, Kevin; Liston, Aaron] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fishbein, Mark] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Cronn, Richard C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Straub, SCK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM straubs@science.oregonstate.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU U. S. National Science Foundation [DEB 0919583] FX The authors thank W. Phippen (Western Illinois University) and T. Livshultz (Academy of Natural Sciences) for supplying leaf tissue; S. Lynch for providing DNA samples; M. Dasenko, M. Peterson, and C. Sullivan (Oregon State University Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing) for Illumina sequencing and data analysis support; T. Jennings and J. Swanson (USDA Forest Service) and L. Mealy and N. Nasholm (Oregon State University) for laboratory assistance; Z. Foster and K. Hansen (Oregon State University) for data analysis assistance; S. Meyers and T. Mockler (Oregon State University), M. Moore (Oberlin College), and D. Soltis (University of Florida) for access to unpublished data; and B. Knaus (USDA Forest Service) and L. Wilhelm (Oregon State University) for access to perl scripts. The authors acknowledge funding from a U. S. National Science Foundation Systematic Biology Program grant (DEB 0919583) to R.C.C., M.F., and A.L. NR 80 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 11 U2 91 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 349 EP 364 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100335 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 895BL UT WOS:000300471100015 PM 22174336 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Rondon, SI Hamm, PB AF Crosslin, J. M. Rondon, S. I. Hamm, P. B. TI Population Dynamics of the Beet Leafhopper in Northeastern Oregon and Incidence of the Beet Leafhopper-Transmitted Virescence Agent Phytoplasma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plant diseases; Phytoplasma; BLTVA ID PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COLUMBIA BASIN; MONITORING PHYTOPLASMA; DISEASE; WASHINGTON; PCR; PROLIFERATION; CICADELLIDAE; PLANTS AB Beet leafhoppers were collected weekly on yellow sticky traps placed at 36 locations in Morrow and Umatilla Counties in northeastern Oregon in April through November 2007, 2008, and 2009. Insects were counted, collected, and a subset of the insects was tested for the presence of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma, the causal agent of potato purple top disease in this region. Beet leafhoppers were present throughout the sampling period and the number of insects collected peaked in June of each year with smaller peaks in July and October. Of the 804 insects tested for phytoplasma in 2007, 2008, and 2009, 21, 18, and 22% tested positive for phytoplasma, respectively. Most of the phytoplasma-positive insects were collected from mid-June through July. Positive insects, however, were collected as late as 13 November in 2007 and 2008. These data indicate that a relatively high proportion of the beet leafhoppers in this area are harboring the phytoplasma. Therefore, the potential for development of purple top disease of potatoes from migrating beet leafhoppers in this important potato producing region is quite high and measures to control this pest throughout the growing season are probably necessary in order to reduce disease pressure. C1 [Crosslin, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Rondon, S. I.; Hamm, P. B.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jim.crosslin@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon Potato Commission FX We would like extend our thanks to the summer students and the many growers who allowed access to their farms. Special thanks to Amanda Smith. Launa Hamlin, Mary Roster, Gwen Pentecost, and Ruben Marchosky are gratefully acknowledged for technical assistance. This research was partially funded by the Oregon Potato Commission. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 89 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9223-2 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 905AH UT WOS:000301242700005 ER PT J AU Hughes, SO Cross, MB Hennessy, E Tovar, A Economos, CD Power, TG AF Hughes, Sheryl O. Cross, Matthew B. Hennessy, Erin Tovar, Alison Economos, Christina D. Power, Thomas G. TI Caregiver's Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Establishing cutoff points SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE Parent feeding; Feeding styles; Minorities; Cutoff points ID WEIGHT STATUS; CES-D; CONSUMPTION; PRESCHOOL; FAMILIES; CHILDREN; OBESITY AB Researchers use the Caregiver's Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) to categorize parent feeding into authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved styles. The CFSQ assesses self-reported feeding and classifies parents using median splits which are used in a substantial body of parenting literature and allow for direct comparison across studies on dimensions of demandingness and responsiveness. No national norms currently exist for the CFSQ. This paper establishes and recommends cutoff points most relevant for low-income, minority US samples that researchers and clinicians can use to assign parents to feeding styles. Median scores for five studies are examined and the average across these studies reported. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hughes, Sheryl O.; Cross, Matthew B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hennessy, Erin] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tovar, Alison; Economos, Christina D.] Tufts Univ, John Hancock Res Ctr Phys Act Nutr & Obes Prevent, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Power, Thomas G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Human Dev, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hughes, SO (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shughes@bcm.edu OI Cross, Matthew B./0000-0002-9495-0976 FU United States Department of Agriculture [2006-55215-16695]; NIH [R01HD057841-04, 3R01HD057841-03S]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-0-008] FX This research was supported by funds from the United States Department of Agriculture, Grant No. 2006-55215-16695, NIH R01HD057841-04, and postdoctoral research funds provided by NIH supplement 3R01HD057841-03S. This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-0-008. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD FEB PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 BP 393 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.011 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 900BT UT WOS:000300862300054 PM 22119478 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Vaughn, SF AF Moser, Bryan R. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Efficacy of fatty acid profile as a tool for screening feedstocks for biodiesel production SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Fatty acid methyl esters; Fuel properties; Methanolysis; Transesterification ID OIL METHYL-ESTERS; FUEL PROPERTIES; ALKYL ESTERS; PETRODIESEL; IMPROVEMENT; COMPONENTS; ADDITIVES; ETHANOL; CANOLA; LIPIDS AB Fuel properties are largely dependent on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the feedstock from which biodiesel is prepared. Consequently, FA profile was employed as a screening tool for selection of feedstocks high in monounsaturated FAs for further evaluation as biodiesel. Those feedstocks included ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), arugula (Eruca vesicaria L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), Indian cress (Tropaeolum majus L.), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris L.) and upland cress (Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.). Other selection criteria included saturated FA content, iodine value (IV), content of FAs containing twenty or more carbons and content of trienoic FAs. Anise oil satisfied all selection criteria and was therefore selected for further investigation. Arugula, cumin and upland cress oils were selected as antagonists to the selection criteria. Preparation of FA methyl esters (FAMES, >= 92 wt % yield) following conventional alkaline-catalyzed methanolysis preceded fuel property determination. Of particular interest were oxidative stability and cold flow properties. Also measured were kinematic viscosity (40 C), IV, acid value, free and total glycerol content, sulfur and phosphorous content, cetane number, energy content and lubricity. FAMEs prepared from anise oil yielded properties compliant with biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 whereas the antagonists failed at least one specification contained within the standards. As a result, FA profile was an efficient predictor of compliance with biodiesel standards and is therefore recommended as a screening tool for investigation of alternative feedstocks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Vaughn, Steven F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 37 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.12.038 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 900WA UT WOS:000300921200005 ER PT J AU Springer, TL AF Springer, Tim L. TI Biomass yield from an urban landscape SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Bermudagrass; Lawn clipping; Biomass components; Urban biomass; Leaf biomass ID TURF MIXTURES; TURFGRASS; FATE AB Utilizing biomass from urban landscapes could significantly contribute to renewable energy needs. An experiment was begun in 2007 to evaluate the biomass production from a bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon (L.) Pers., lawn in Woodward, Oklahoma USA and to estimate the potential biomass yield for the City of Woodward. Each year in April, the lawn was dethatched and fertilized. Mowing began in mid-to-late May and biomass dry matter (DM) yield was estimated by harvesting four 1 m x 16 m areas. In addition, the DM yield of fallen leaves and tree limbs from pruning operations were added to the lawn yield estimates for total annual biomass potential. These data suggest that during years of high growing season precipitation it was possible to harvest from 13.5 to 19.0 Mg of DM biomass per planted hectare from an urban landscape and 8.0 to 12.3 Mg of DM biomass per planted hectare in years with near normal precipitation and temperatures. It was estimated that the City of Woodward could generate about 3750 Mg of biomass dry matter in a normal rainfall year and about 6100 Mg in a high rainfall year if every homeowner collected their lawn thatch and clippings, and tree leaves, twigs, and limbs for bioenergy production. On the basis of a 10 Mg ha(-1) annual DM yield, an estimated 164 million Mg of dry biomass material could be collected in the USA from planted urban areas. Biomass from urban landscapes is an untapped resource and further research is needed to fully explore its potential. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tim.springer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX I thank my wife and son for helping with sample collection and for tolerating an experiment in our lawn. I thank also W. Cooper and J. McLaughlin of the USDA-ARS Southern Plains Range Research Station for sample preparation and laboratory analysis of samples and C. Tucker of the USDA-ARS Forage and Livestock Research Service for laboratory analysis of samples. Funding was provided through USDA-ARS. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 37 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.12.029 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 900WA UT WOS:000300921200011 ER PT J AU Zaitchik, BF Simane, B Habib, S Anderson, MC Ozdogan, M Foltz, JD AF Zaitchik, Benjamin F. Simane, Belay Habib, Shahid Anderson, Martha C. Ozdogan, Mutlu Foltz, Jeremy D. TI Building Climate Resilience in the Blue Nile/Abay Highlands: A Role for Earth System Sciences SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE climate change; adaptation; resilience; land degradation; erosion ID ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS; MODEL ANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; EROSION; NILE; CONSERVATION; DEGRADATION; INFORMATION; PRODUCTS AB The Blue Nile (Abay) Highlands of Ethiopia are characterized by significant interannual climate variability, complex topography and associated local climate contrasts, erosive rains and erodible soils, and intense land pressure due to an increasing population and an economy that is almost entirely dependent on smallholder, low-input agriculture. As a result, these highland zones are highly vulnerable to negative impacts of climate variability. As patterns of variability and precipitation intensity alter under anthropogenic climate change, there is concern that this vulnerability will increase, threatening economic development and food security in the region. In order to overcome these challenges and to enhance sustainable development in the context of climate change, it is necessary to establish climate resilient development strategies that are informed by best-available Earth System Science (ESS) information. This requirement is complicated by the fact that climate projections for the Abay Highlands contain significant and perhaps irreducible uncertainties. A critical challenge for ESS, then, is to generate and to communicate meaningful information for climate resilient development in the context of a highly uncertain climate forecast. Here we report on a framework for applying ESS to climate resilient development in the Abay Highlands, with a focus on the challenge of reducing land degradation. C1 [Zaitchik, Benjamin F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Simane, Belay] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Habib, Shahid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Appl Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ozdogan, Mutlu; Foltz, Jeremy D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zaitchik, BF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM zaitchik@jhu.edu; simaneb@yahoo.com; shahid.habib@nasa.gov; martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov; ozdogon@wisc.edu; jdfoltz@wisc.edu RI Zaitchik, Benjamin/B-9461-2013; Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Ozdogan, Mutlu/0000-0002-1707-3375 FU Johns Hopkins University; Addis Ababa University; NASA [NNX09AT61G] FX The authors thank the Johns Hopkins University Global Water Program and Addis Ababa University for providing funds for the workshop in Bahir Dar. All 70+ workshop participants are also acknowledged for their contribution to the ideas presented in this paper. Nile LDAS Research results presented here were supported by NASA Applied Sciences grant NNX09AT61G. NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 42 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD FEB PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 435 EP 461 DI 10.3390/ijerph9020435 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 898DE UT WOS:000300714800007 PM 22470302 ER PT J AU Chung, S Houska, M Reed, S AF Chung, S. Houska, M. Reed, S. TI Effect of High Pressure on Peanut Allergens in Presence of Polyphenol Oxidase and Caffeic Acid SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY MAR 02-06, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol (AAAAI) C1 [Chung, S.; Reed, S.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Houska, M.] Food Res Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP AB233 EP AB233 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 903QL UT WOS:000301133401048 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Teuber, SS Schein, CH AF Maleki, S. J. Teuber, S. S. Schein, C. H. TI Similar Repeated Sequences May account For Cross-Reactions Caused By Many Different Nuts SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY MAR 02-06, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol (AAAAI) C1 [Maleki, S. J.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. [Teuber, S. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schein, C. H.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP AB233 EP AB233 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 903QL UT WOS:000301133401047 ER PT J AU Mattison, CP Grimm, CC Desormeaux, WA Ruan, S Maleki, SJ AF Mattison, C. P. Grimm, C. C. Desormeaux, W. A. Ruan, S. Maleki, S. J. TI Identification of Maillard reaction induced chemical modifications on Ara h 1 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY MAR 02-06, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol (AAAAI) C1 [Mattison, C. P.; Grimm, C. C.; Desormeaux, W. A.; Ruan, S.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA ARS SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP AB177 EP AB177 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 903QL UT WOS:000301133400668 ER PT J AU Rose, K Cheng, H Jortani, SA Maleki, SJ AF Rose, K. Cheng, H. Jortani, S. A. Maleki, S. J. TI Detection Of Peanut Allergens In Breast Milk SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY MAR 02-06, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol (AAAAI) C1 [Rose, K.; Jortani, S. A.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Cheng, H.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP AB173 EP AB173 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 903QL UT WOS:000301133400655 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Wang, Y AF Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. TI High Resolution Crystal Structure of Peanut Allergen Ara H 5 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY MAR 02-06, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol (AAAAI) C1 [Zhang, Y.] USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP AB88 EP AB88 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 903QL UT WOS:000301133400332 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Yan, XR Wang, JF AF Huang, Qi Yan, Xuerui Wang, Jaw-Fen TI Improved biovar test for Ralstonia solanacearum SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Ralstonia solanacearum; Select agent; Biovar test; Phenol red; Carbohydrate utilization ID PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; STRAINS AB Race 3, biovar 2 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum are quarantined pathogens in Europe and Canada and Select Agent pathogens in the United States. The biovar classification of R. solanacearum strains is based on their biochemical abilities to utilize a carbohydrate panel. The standard biovar test uses bromothymol blue as a pH indicator in 15 ml culture tubes containing 3 to 5 ml of test media, and takes weeks to complete at 24 or 28 degrees C. We improved the biovar test by using phenol red as a pH indicator that changes color at a higher pH when a carbohydrate is utilized. We also conducted the test at 32 degrees C in 0.2 ml of 8-tube strips that reduced the medium needed by at least 20 fold. Using the improved test, biovars of R. solanacearum strains can be determined in 4 days when a panel of seven carbohydrates is used including glucose, trehalose, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, maltose and cellobiose. To differentiate biovars 1, 2, 3 and 4, the test can be further simplified and completed in 3 days using a panel of four carbohydrates containing glucose, trehalose, maltose and dulcitol, significantly saving money, space and time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huang, Qi; Yan, Xuerui] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM qi.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2012 VL 88 IS 2 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.12.007 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 904AG UT WOS:000301165400012 PM 22200550 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SJ Hilmer, SN Kirkpatrick, CMJ Hansen, RD Williamson, DA Singh, NA Finnegan, TP Allen, BJ Diamond, TH Diwan, AD Lloyd, BD Smith, EUR Singh, MAF AF Mitchell, S. J. Hilmer, S. N. Kirkpatrick, C. M. J. Hansen, R. D. Williamson, D. A. Singh, N. A. Finnegan, T. P. Allen, B. J. Diamond, T. H. Diwan, A. D. Lloyd, B. D. Smith, E. U. R. Singh, M. A. Fiatarone TI Estimation of lean body weight in older women with hip fracture SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Article DE Lean body weight; prediction; ageing; women; hip fracture ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; MUSCLE MASS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SARCOPENIA; OBESITY; INDEX; MEN; IMPEDANCE; THERAPY AB Lean body weight (LBW) decreases with age while total body fat increases, resulting in altered drug pharmacokinetics. A semi-mechanistic equation estimating LBW using height, weight and sex has been developed for potential use across a wide range of body compositions. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the LBW equation to estimate dual energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived fat free mass (FFMDXA) in a population of older women with recent hip fracture. Baseline, four and 12 month data obtained from 23 women enrolled in the Sarcopenia and Hip Fracture study were pooled to give 58 measurements. LBW was estimated using the equation: Body composition was classified as: 'normal' (BMI < 25kg/m(2) and not sarcopenic), 'overweight-obese' (BMI > 25kg/m(2) and not sarcopenic), 'sarcopenic' (sarcopenic and BMI < 25kg/m(2)), or 'sarcopenic-obese' (sarcopenic and BMI > 25kg/m(2)). The ability of the LBW equation to predict FFMDXA was determined graphically using Bland-Altman plots and quantitatively using the method of Sheiner and Beal. The mean +/- SD age of female participants women was 83 +/- 7 years (n=23). Sarcopenia was frequently observed (65.2%). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated an underestimation by the LBW equation compared to FFMDXA. The bias (95% CI) and precision (95% CI) calculated using the method of Sheiner and Beal was 0.5kg (-0.7, 1.66kg) and 4.4kg (-3.7, 12.4kg) respectively for pooled data. This equation can be used to easily calculate LBW. When compared to FFMDXA, the LBW equation resulted in a small underestimation on average in this population of women with recent hip fracture. The degree of bias may not be clinically important although further studies of larger heterogeneous cohorts are needed to investigate and potentially improve the accuracy of this predictive equation in larger clinical cohorts. C1 [Mitchell, S. J.; Hilmer, S. N.; Hansen, R. D.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Mitchell, S. J.; Hilmer, S. N.; Hansen, R. D.; Finnegan, T. P.; Smith, E. U. R.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Kirkpatrick, C. M. J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Pharm, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Williamson, D. A.; Lloyd, B. D.; Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. [Singh, N. A.] Balmain Hosp, Balmain, NSW, Australia. [Allen, B. J.; Diamond, T. H.] St George Hosp, Kogarah, NSW, Australia. [Diwan, A. D.] Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mitchell, SJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. OI Hilmer, Sarah/0000-0002-5970-1501; Kirkpatrick, Carl/0000-0002-5715-1534 FU Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [107472]; University of Sydney FX The Sarcopenia and Hip Fracture Study was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (project grant 107472) and supported by the University of Sydney. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s12603-011-0100-y PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 904IT UT WOS:000301189000014 PM 22323357 ER PT J AU Caballero, MC Pedroni, MJ Palmer, GH Suarez, CE Davitt, C Lau, AOT AF Caballero, Marina C. Pedroni, Monica J. Palmer, Guy H. Suarez, Carlos E. Davitt, Christine Lau, Audrey O. T. TI Characterization of acyl carrier protein and LytB in Babesia bovis apicoplast SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apicomplexan; Apicoplast; Babesia bovis; Plasmodium falciparum; FASII; MEP; ACP; LytB ID FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; GREEN ALGAL ORIGIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; DRUG TARGETS; PATHWAY; TRICLOSAN; FOSMIDOMYCIN AB The apicoplast is a highly specialized organelle that mediates required functions in the growth and replication of apicomplexan parasites. Despite structural conservation of the apicoplast among different parasite genera and species, there are also critical differences in the metabolic requirements of different parasites and at different stages of the life cycle. To specifically compare apicoplast pathways between parasites that have both common and unique stages, we characterized the apicoplast in Babesia bovis, which has only intraerythrocytic asexual stages in the mammalian host, and compared it to that of Plasmodium falciparum, which has both asexual intraerythrocytic and hepatic stages. Specifically focusing on the type II fatty acid (FASII) and isoprenoid (MEP) biosynthesis pathways, we searched for pathway components and retention of active sites within the genome, localized key components [acyl carrier protein (ACP) and 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase (LytB)] to the apicoplast, and demonstrated that the N-terminal bipartite signals of both proteins are required and sufficient for trafficking to the apicoplast lumen. Using specific pharmacologic inhibition, we demonstrated that MEP biosynthesis may be disrupted and its presence is required for intraerythrocytic growth of B. bovis asexual stages, consistent with the genomic pathway analysis and with its requirement in the asexual erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum. In contrast, FASII biosynthesis may or may not be present and specific drug targets did not have any inhibitory effect to B. bovis intraerythrocytic growth, which is consistent with the lack of requirement for P. falciparum intraerythrocytic growth. However, genomic analysis revealed the loss of FASII pathway components in B. bovis whereas the pathway is intact for P. falciparum but regulated to be expressed when needed (hepatic stages) and silent when not (intraerythrocytic stages). The results indicate specialized molding of apicoplast biosynthetic pathways to meet the requirements of individual apicomplexan parasites and their unique intracellular niches. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Caballero, Marina C.; Palmer, Guy H.; Suarez, Carlos E.; Lau, Audrey O. T.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Caballero, Marina C.; Palmer, Guy H.; Suarez, Carlos E.; Lau, Audrey O. T.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pedroni, Monica J.; Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davitt, Christine] Washington State Univ, Franceschi Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davitt, Christine] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lau, AOT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM laua@vetmed.wsu.edu FU WSU College of Veterinary Medicine; Wellcome Trust [GRO075800M]; USDA-ARS [58-5348-7-528] FX We would like to thank Dr. David Schneider, USDA-ARS, Pullman WA for his expertise on fluorescent experiment optimization; David Herndon for maintenance of B. bovis culture; Paul Lacy, Jacob Laughery and Tracy Luu for their assistances in this project. This work is partly funded by WSU College of Veterinary Medicine intramural grants, Wellcome Trust GRO075800M and USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-5348-7-528. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 181 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.10.009 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 900WG UT WOS:000300921800007 PM 22057350 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Mulpuri, S Feng, JH Vick, BA Jan, CC AF Liu, Zhao Mulpuri, Sujatha Feng, Jiuhuan Vick, Brady A. Jan, Chao-Chien TI Molecular mapping of the Rf(3) fertility restoration gene to facilitate its utilization in breeding confection sunflower SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Confection sunflower; Rf(3); Genetic mapping; SSR; STS; EST-SSR ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; NUCLEAR RESTORER GENE; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L.; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; POSITIONAL CLONING; LINKAGE MAP; ATPA GENE; PROTEIN; MARKERS AB The inheritance of a previously identified dominant Rf gene in the confection sunflower line RHA 280 has been determined and designated as Rf (3) . This study reports the mapping of the Rf (3) locus using an F2 population of 227 individuals derived from CMS HA 89-3149 x RHA 280. Bulked segregant analysis with 624 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers and sequence tagged site (STS) primers identified two polymorphic SSR markers each of linkage groups (LGs) 7 and 11 from a previous map. Results on 90 F2 individuals with 42 polymorphic markers of LGs 7 and 11 indicated that the Rf (3) gene was linked with eight markers on LG 7, including five SSR markers (ORS328, ORS331, ORS928, ORS966, and ORS1092) and three expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers (HT619-1, HT619-2, and HT1013). Further analysis of the total F2 population of 227 individuals identified a co-dominant marker, ORS328, linked to Rf (3) at a genetic distance of 0.7 cM on one side, and a female-dominant marker HT1013 at 12.6 cM proximal to Rf (3) on the other side; a genetic distance of 47.1 cM for LG 7 was covered. This is the first report of an Rf gene from the confection sunflower. The closely linked marker to Rf (3) will facilitate marker-assisted selection, and provide a basis for cloning of this gene. C1 [Vick, Brady A.; Jan, Chao-Chien] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Liu, Zhao; Feng, Jiuhuan] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Mulpuri, Sujatha] Directorate Oilseeds Res, Hyderabad 500030, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM chaochien.jan@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9563-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 892WH UT WOS:000300315800001 ER PT J AU Wang, AD Aldwinckle, H Forsline, P Main, D Fazio, G Brown, S Xu, KN AF Wang, Aide Aldwinckle, Herb Forsline, Philip Main, Dorrie Fazio, Gennaro Brown, Susan Xu, Kenong TI EST contig-based SSR linkage maps for Malus x domestica cv Royal Gala and an apple scab resistant accession of M. sieversii, the progenitor species of domestic apple SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Malus sieversii; Linkage map; Expressed sequence tag (EST); Simple sequence repeats (SSR); Apple scab resistance ID PATHOGEN VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; RECEPTOR-LIKE GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BORKH. GENOME; MARKERS; ROSACEAE; LOCUS; POPULATIONS; COLLECTION; DIVERSITY AB Malus sieversii is a progenitor species of domestic apple M. x domestica. Using population "GMAL 4595" of 188 individuals derived from a cross of Royal Gala x PI 613988 (apple scab resistant, M. sieversii), 287 SSR (simple sequence repeats) loci were mapped. Of these SSRs, 80 are published anchors and 207 are newly developed EST (expressed sequence tag) contig-based SSRs, representing 1,630 Malus EST accessions in GenBank. Putative gene functions of these EST contigs are diverse, including regulating plant growth, development and response to environmental stresses. Among the 80 published SSRs, 18 are PI 613988 specific, 38 are common and 24 are Royal Gala specific. Out of the 207 newly developed EST contig-based SSRs, 79 are PI 613988 specific, 45 are common and 83 are Royal Gala specific. These results led to the construction of a M. sieversii map (1,387.0 cM) of 180 SSR markers and a Royal Gala map (1,283.4 cM) of 190 SSR markers. Mapping of scab resistance was independently conducted in two subsets of population "GMAL 4595" that were inoculated with Ventura inaequalis races (1) and (2), respectively. In combination with the two major resistance reactions Chl (chlorotic lesions) and SN (stellate necrosis) to each race, four subsets of resistance data, i.e., Chl/race (1), SN/race (1), Chl/race (2) and SN/race (2), were constituted and analyzed, leading to four resistance loci mapped to the linkage group 2 of PI 613988; SNR1 (stellate necrosis resistance to race (1)) and SNR2 are tightly linked in a region of known scab resistance genes, and ChlR1 (Chlorotic lesion resistance to race (1)) and ChlR2 are also linked tightly but in a region without known scab resistance genes. The utility of the two linkage maps, the new EST contig-based markers and M. sieversii as sources of apple scab resistance are discussed. C1 [Wang, Aide; Brown, Susan; Xu, Kenong] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Aldwinckle, Herb] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Forsline, Philip; Fazio, Gennaro] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, PGRU, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Main, Dorrie] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Xu, KN (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, New York State Agr Expt Stn, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM kx27@cornell.edu FU New York State Apple Research and Development Program FX This work was supported in part by the New York State Apple Research and Development Program. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 379 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9554-1 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 892WH UT WOS:000300315800009 ER PT J AU Agrama, HA McClung, AM Yan, WG AF Agrama, Hesham A. McClung, Anna M. Yan, WenGui TI Using minimum DNA marker loci for accurate population classification in rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Rice structure; Molecular marker; WHICHLOCI; Discriminatory power; Population assignment ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; CORE SUBSET; ASSIGNMENT; GERMPLASM; DISCRIMINATION; DOMESTICATION; RELATEDNESS; COLLECTION AB Because of the rich diversity among rice accessions grown around the world in distinct environments, traditional methods using morphology, cross compatibility and geography for classifying rice accessions according to different sub-populations have given way to use of molecular markers. Having a few robust markers that can quickly assign population structure to germplasm will facilitate making more informed choices about genetic diversity within seedbanks and breeding genepools. WHICHLOCI is a computer program that selects the best combination of loci for population assignment through empirical analysis of molecular marker data. This program has been used in surveys of plant species, for fish population assignment, and in human ancestry analysis. Using WHICHLOCI, we ranked the discriminatory power of 72 DNA markers used to genotype 1,604 accessions of the USDA rice core collection, and developed panels with a minimum number of markers for population assignment with 99% or higher accuracy. A total of 14 markers with high discriminatory power, genetic diversity, allelic frequency, and polymorphic information content were identified. A panel of just four markers, RM551, RM11, RM224 and RM44, was effective in assigning germplasm accessions to any of five sub-populations with 99.4% accuracy. Panels using only three markers were effective for assignment of rice germplasm to specific sub-populations, tropical japonica, temperate japonica, indica, aus, and aromatic. Assignment to tropical japonica, temperate japonica, or indica sub-populations was highly reliable using 3-4 markers, demonstrated by the high correlation with assignment using 72 markers. However, population assignment to aus and aromatic groups was less reliable, possibly due to the smaller representation of this material in the USDA core collection. More reference cultivars may be needed to improve population assignment to these two groups. This study demonstrated that a small number of DNA markers is effective for classification of germplasm into five sub-populations in rice. This will facilitate rapid screening of large rice germplasm banks for population assignment at a modest cost. The resulting information will be valuable to researchers to verify population classification of germplasm prior to initiating genetic studies, maximizing genetic diversity between sub-populations, or minimizing cross incompatibility while maximizing allelic diversity within specific sub-populations. C1 [McClung, Anna M.; Yan, WenGui] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Agrama, Hesham A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Yan, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM agrama.hesham@gmail.com; Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9558-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 892WH UT WOS:000300315800011 ER PT J AU Bernardo, AN Ma, HX Zhang, DD Bai, GH AF Bernardo, Amy N. Ma, Hongxiang Zhang, Dadong Bai, Guihua TI Single nucleotide polymorphism in wheat chromosome region harboring Fhb1 for Fusarium head blight resistance SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Single nucleotide polymorphism; Fhb1; Fusarium graminearum; Marker-assisted selection; Genetic diversity ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SCAB RESISTANCE; BREAD WHEAT; MARKERS; QTL; RICE; GENE; PCR AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease that reduces wheat grain yield and quality. To date, the quantitative trait locus on 3BS (Fhb1) from Sumai 3 has shown the largest effect on FHB resistance. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the most common form of genetic variation and is suitable for high-throughput marker-assisted selection (MAS). We analyzed SNPs derived from 23 wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that previously mapped near Fhb1 on chromosome 3BS. Using 71 Ning 7840/Clark BC7F7 recombinant inbred lines and the single-base extension method, we mapped seven SNP markers between Xgwm533 and Xgwm493, flanking markers for Fhb1. Five of the SNPs explained 45-54% of the phenotypic variation for FHB resistance. Haplotype analysis of 63 wheat accessions from eight countries based on SNPs in EST sequences, simple sequence repeats, and sequence tagged sites in the Fhb1 region identified four major groups: (1) US-Clark, (2) Asian, (3) US-Ernie, and (4) Chinese Spring. The Asian group consisted of Chinese and Japanese accessions that carry Fhb1 and could be differentiated from other groups by marker Xsnp3BS-11. All Sumai 3-related accessions formed a subgroup within the Asian group and could be sorted out by Xsnp3BS-8. The SNP markers identified in this study should be useful for MAS of Fhb1 and fine mapping to facilitate cloning of the Fhb1 resistance gene. C1 [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bernardo, Amy N.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ma, Hongxiang] JAAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ma, Hongxiang; Zhang, Dadong; Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu FU US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; National Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-68002-30029] FX This is contribution no. 11-032-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas, USA. This project is partly funded by the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative and the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants CAP project 2011-68002-30029 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9565-y PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 892WH UT WOS:000300315800017 ER PT J AU Dror, DK King, JC Fung, EB Van Loan, MD Gertz, ER Allen, LH AF Dror, Daphna K. King, Janet C. Fung, Ellen B. Van Loan, Marta D. Gertz, Erik R. Allen, Lindsay H. TI Evidence of Associations Between Feto-Maternal Vitamin D Status, Cord Parathyroid Hormone and Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase, and Newborn Whole Body Bone Mineral Content SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Article DE infant; vitamin D; dual X-ray absorptiometry; bone mineral content ID TURNOVER MARKERS; D INSUFFICIENCY; FETAL; PREGNANCY; CALCIUM; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; LACTATION; PROTEIN; WOMEN AB In spite of a high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in pregnant women and neonates, relationships among vitamin D status (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and whole body bone mineral content (WBBMC) in the newborn are poorly characterized. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between maternal and cord 25(OH)D, PTH, BALP, and WBBMC in newborns in a multiethnic population in Oakland, California and to evaluate the predictive value of the biochemical indices as indicators of WBBMC. Maternal and cord blood were collected from 80 mother-infant pairs and infant WBBMC was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 8-21 days post-birth. Cord PTH and BALP were each inversely correlated with infant WBBMC (r = -0.28, p = 0.01 and r = -0.26, p = 0.02) and with cord 25(OH)D (r = -0.24, p = 0.03 and r = -0.34, p = 0.002), while cord 25(OH)D and unadjusted or weight-adjusted WBBMC were not significantly correlated with one other. In multivariate regression modeling, infant WBBMC was most strongly predicted by infant weight (p < 0.0001), while either PTH or BALP contributed modestly but significantly to the model (p = 0.006 and p = 0.03 respectively). Cord 25(OH)D was not a significant predictor of infant WBBMC. This study provides evidence of associations between feto-maternal 25(OH)D, cord PTH and BALP, and early infant WBBMC, though neither feto-maternal 25(OH)D nor the measured biochemical indices were suitable indicators of WBBMC. C1 [Dror, Daphna K.; Van Loan, Marta D.; Gertz, Erik R.; Allen, Lindsay H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [King, Janet C.; Fung, Ellen B.] Childrens Hosp & Res Ctr, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Dror, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkdror@ucdavis.edu; jking@chori.org; efung@mail.cho.org; marta.vanloan@ars.usda.gov; erik.gertz@ars.usda.gov; lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center; East Bay Neonatology Foundation; Children's Hospital of Oakland CTSI Clinical Research Center [UL1RR024131-01] FX We wish to acknowledge financial support for this study from the USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center and the East Bay Neonatology Foundation. We extend a special thanks to Janet M. Peerson at UC Davis for her assistance with statistical analyses. We also wish to thank the Children's Hospital of Oakland CTSI Clinical Research Center, Grant #UL1RR024131-01, for providing research support and facilities. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.3390/nu4020068 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 898EM UT WOS:000300718900001 PM 22413062 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Sharpe, RR AF Jenkins, Michael B. Endale, Dinku M. Schomberg, Harry H. Sharpe, Ronald R. TI Fecal bacteria and sex hormones in soil and runoff from cropped watersheds amended with poultry litter (vol 358, pg 164, 2006) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.; Endale, Dinku M.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Sharpe, Ronald R.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. EM mjenkins@uga.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 416 BP 541 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.049 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903XE UT WOS:000301155200063 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ Ray, KJ Vermillion, KE Dunlap, CA Kurtzman, CP AF Price, Neil P. J. Ray, Karen J. Vermillion, Karl E. Dunlap, Christopher A. Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Structural characterization of novel sophorolipid biosurfactants from a newly identified species of Candida yeast SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sophorolipids; Biosurfactants; Mass spectrometry; MALDI-TOFMS; NMR; Starmerella ID SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; ACID SOPHOROSIDE; FATTY-ACIDS; MICROORGANISMS; FERMENTATION; ELUCIDATION; BOGORIENSIS; GLUCOSE AB Sophorolipids are a group of O-acylsophorose-based biosurfactants produced by several yeasts of the Starmerella clade. The known sophorolipids are typically partially acetylated 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose (sophorose) O-beta-glycosidically linked to 17-L-hydroxy-Delta 9-octadecenoic acid, where the acyl carboxyl group often forms a 4 ''-lactone to the terminal glucosyl residue. In a recent MALDI-TOFMS-based screen for sophorolipid-producing yeasts we identified a new species, Candida sp. NRRL Y-27208, that produces significant amounts of novel sophorolipids. This paper describes the structural characterization of these new compounds, using carbohydrate and lipid analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Unlike those reported previously, the NRRL Y-27208 sophorolipids contain an omega-hydroxy-linked acyl group (typically 18-hydroxy-Delta 9-octadecenoate), and occur predominantly in a non-lactone, anionic form. In addition, 17 dimeric and trimeric sophoroses were identified by MALDI-TOFMS from this strain. The surfactant-like properties of these sophorolipids have value as potential replacements for petroleum-based detergents and emulsifiers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Price, Neil P. J.; Kurtzman, Cletus P.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Bacterial Foodbourne Pathogens Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P. J.; Kurtzman, Cletus P.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA ARS NCAUR, Bacterial Foodbourne Pathogens Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM neil.price@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 348 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2011.07.016 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 900XU UT WOS:000300926300004 PM 22197069 ER PT J AU Scorsetti, AC Jensen, AB Lastra, CL Humber, RA AF Clara Scorsetti, Ana Jensen, Annette Bruun Lopez Lastra, Claudia Humber, Richard A. TI First report of Pandora neoaphidis resting spore formation in vivo in aphid hosts SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Entomopathogenic fungi; Entomophthorales; Pandora neoaphidis; Resting spores; Winter survival ID ENTOMOPHTHORALES; HOMOPTERA; COMPLEX; FIELD; RDNA; SOIL AB The entomopathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis is a recognized pathogen of aphids, causes natural epizootics in aphid populations, and interacts and competes with aphid predators and parasitoids. Survival of entomophthoralean fungi in periods of unsuitable weather conditions or lack of appropriate host insects is accomplished mainly by thick-walled resting spores (zygospores or azygospores). However, resting spores are not known for some entomophthoralean species such as P. neoaphidis. Several hypotheses of P. neoaphidis winter survival can be found in the literature but so far these hypotheses do not include the presence of resting spores. Resting spores were found in an aphid population where P. neoaphidis was the only entomophthoralean fungus observed during surveys conducted in organic horticultural crops in greenhouses and open fields in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This study sought to use molecular methods to confirm that these resting spores were, in fact, those of P. neoaphidis while further documenting and characterizing these resting spores that were produced in vivo in aphid hosts. The double-walled resting spores were characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Argentinean resting spores clustered together with P. neoaphidis isolates with bootstrap values above 98 % in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence analysis and with bootstrap values above 99 % the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) II region sequence analysis. This study is the first gene-based confirmation from either infected hosts or cultures that P. neoaphidis is able to produce resting spores. (C) 2011 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Clara Scorsetti, Ana] UNLP, Inst Spegazzini, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Jensen, Annette Bruun] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr & Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Lopez Lastra, Claudia] CCT La Plata Conicet UNLP, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores CEPAVE, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Humber, Richard A.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Scorsetti, AC (reprint author), UNLP, Inst Spegazzini, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Calle 53 477, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM ascorsetti@conicet.gov.ar RI Jensen, Annette /E-5478-2013; Jensen, Annette/G-7558-2014 OI Jensen, Annette/0000-0002-2044-2274 FU National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) [PIP 0049]; University of La Plata (UNLP); Danish National Research Foundation FX This study was partially supported by the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) (PIP 0049), University of La Plata (UNLP) and Danish National Research Foundation. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 116 IS 2 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.002 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 900UV UT WOS:000300917700003 PM 22289765 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Scharfenstein, LL Ehrlich, KC Wei, QJ Bhatnagar, D Ingber, BF AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Scharfenstein, Leslie L. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Wei, Qijian Bhatnagar, Deepak Ingber, Bruce F. TI Effects of laeA deletion on Aspergillus flavus conidial development and hydrophobicity may contribute to loss of aflatoxin production SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; aflR; Conidiation; Hydrophobicity; Norsolorinic acid anthrone ID SECONDARY METABOLISM; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT; NIDULANS; REGULATOR; FUMIGATUS; PROTEIN; GENE; PARASITICUS; SPORULATION; VIRULENCE AB LaeA of Aspergillus nidulans is a putative methyltransferase and a component of the velvet complex; it is thought to mainly affect expression of genes required for the production of secondary metabolites. We found that although Aspergillus flavus CA14 laeA deletion mutants showed no aflatoxin production, expression of some of the early genes involved in aflatoxin formation, but not the later genes, could still be detected. The mutants grown in minimal medium supplemented with simple sugars and on some complex media exhibited altered conidial development. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium the deletion mutants showed reduced conidial chain elongation, increased production of conidiophores, and decreased colony hydrophobicity when compared to the parental strain. The loss of hydrophobicity and the other developmental changes in the laeA deletion mutants could affect the ability of the fungus to produce aflatoxins. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang; Scharfenstein, Leslie L.; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.; Wei, Qijian; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Ingber, Bruce F.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 116 IS 2 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.003 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 900UV UT WOS:000300917700013 PM 22289775 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Butchko, RAE Baker, SE Proctor, RH AF Brown, Daren W. Butchko, Robert A. E. Baker, Scott E. Proctor, Robert H. TI Phylogenomic and functional domain analysis of polyketide synthases in Fusarium SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium; Microarray; Phylogenomic analysis; Polyketide; Secondary metabolites ID BIOSYNTHESIS; GENES; GRAMINEARUM; MYCOTOXINS; FUMONISINS; GENOMICS; TOXINS; VERTICILLIOIDES; IDENTIFICATION; NORMALIZATION AB Fusarium species are ubiquitous in nature, cause a range of plant diseases, and produce a variety of chemicals often referred to as secondary metabolites. Although some fungal secondary metabolites affect plant growth or protect plants from other fungi and bacteria, their presence in grain-based food and feed is more often associated with a variety of diseases in plants and in animals. Many of these structurally diverse metabolites are derived from a family of related enzymes called polyketide synthases (PKSs). A search of genomic sequence of Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani identified a total of 58 PKS genes. To gain insight into how this gene family evolved and to guide future studies, we conducted phylogenomic and functional domain analyses. The resulting geneaology suggested that Fusarium PKSs represent 34 different groups responsible for synthesis of different core metabolites. The analyses indicate that variation in the Fusarium PKS gene family is due to gene duplication and loss events as well as enzyme gain-of-function due to the acquisition of new domains or of loss-of-function due to nucleotide mutations. Transcriptional analysis indicates that the 16 F. verticillioides PKS genes are expressed under a range of conditions, further evidence that they are functional genes that confer the ability to produce secondary metabolites. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Brown, Daren W.; Butchko, Robert A. E.; Proctor, Robert H.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Baker, Scott E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM daren.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 116 IS 2 BP 318 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.005 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 900UV UT WOS:000300917700015 PM 22289777 ER PT J AU Guan, WJ Zhao, X Hassell, R Thies, J AF Guan, Wenjing Zhao, Xin Hassell, Richard Thies, Judy TI Defense Mechanisms Involved in Disease Resistance of Grafted Vegetables SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Cucurbitaceae; induced resistance; microbial community; nutrient uptake; rootstock; Solanaceae ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; PLANT-GROWTH; BACTERIAL WILT; MONOSPORASCUS-CANNONBALLUS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; TOMATO PLANTS AB Crafting with resistant rootstocks is an effective strategy to manage a variety of soilborne diseases and root-knot nematodes in solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables. In addition, improved resistance to some foliar diseases and viruses has also been reported in grafted plants. Hence, grafting technology is considered an important and innovative practice of integrated pest management and a promising alternative for soil fumigants in vegetable production. Inherent resistance within rootstocks and improved plant nutrient uptake are generally suggested as the main reasons for improved disease control in grafted vegetables. However, increasing evidence indicated that systemic defense mechanisms may also play an important role in plant defense as a result of grafting. This review analyzes current literature on the use of grafting techniques for disease management in vegetable crops, discusses potential mechanisms associated with grafting-conferred plant defense, and identifies needs for future research to promote more effective and efficient use of grafting technology to support sustainable vegetable production. C1 [Guan, Wenjing; Zhao, Xin] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hassell, Richard] Clemson Univ CREC, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Thies, Judy] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Zhao, X (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, 1301 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM zxin@ufl.edu NR 101 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900001 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD Liu, YB AF McCreight, James D. Liu, Yong-Biao TI Resistance to Lettuce Aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) Biotype 0 in Wild Lettuce Accessions PI 491093 and PI 274378 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lactuca sativa; Lactuca serriola; Lactuca virosa; red aphid; interspecific ID MACROSIPHUM-EUPHORBIA; UROLEUCON-SONCHI; ICEBERG LETTUCE; LACTUCA-VIROSA; HOMOPTERA; INHERITANCE; NIGRI AB The lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major insect pest of lettuce, Lactuca saliva L, in many commercial lettuce production areas around the world. Resistance to lettuce aphid biotype 0 (Nr:0) was first reported in Lactuca virosa L. accession IVT 280 and characterized as complete, i.e., virtually no aphids survived, and genetically dominant to partial resistance in L. virosa accession IVT 273. Complete and partial resistances to Nr:0 were conditioned by two alleles, Nr (complete resistance) and or (partial resistance), but the genetic relationship to susceptibility was not reported. We previously reported two new potential sources of unique genes for resistance to Nr:0 in Lactuca serriola L. accession PI 491093 and L. virosa PI 274378. We report on the genetic and phenotypic nature of resistance to Nr:0 in these two wild lettuce accessions. Resistance to Nr:0 in PI 274378 is complete and allelic to complete resistance in IVT 280. Resistance to Nr:0 in PI 491093 was partial, recessive to complete resistance in 'Barcelona' that was derived from IVT 280, but dominant to susceptibility in 'Salinas'. We propose the revised gene symbols for resistance to Nr:0: Nr:0(C) for complete resistance and Nr:O-P for partial resistance, which was originally designated as or but may now be regarded as the symbol for susceptibility to all strains of lettuce aphid. The dominance relationships among these three alleles are Nr:0(C) (in IVT 280, 'Barcelona') > Nr:O-P (in PI 491093) > nr (in susceptible genotypes). Expression of partial resistance in PI 491093 was variable in controlled infestation tests, but in a naturally infested field test provided a potentially useful level of resistance to Nr:0. Partial resistance, where complete resistance has not been widely deployed, may either alone or as a component of integrated pest management delay or prevent emergence of genotypes that overcome complete resistance controlled by Nr:O-C. C1 [McCreight, James D.; Liu, Yong-Biao] ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM jim.mccreight@ars.usda.gov FU California Leafy Greens Research Program FX Funded in part by a grant from the California Leafy Greens Research Program. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900003 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Bi, GH Fuchigami, LH Regan, RP AF Scagel, Carolyn F. Bi, Guihong Fuchigami, Leslie H. Regan, Richard P. TI Irrigation Frequency Alters Nutrient Uptake in Container-grown Rhododendron Plants Grown with Different Rates of Nitrogen SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrient uptake; water use; Rhododendron 'PJM'; Rhododendron 'English Roseum'; Rhododendron 'Gibraltar'; nursery production ID WOODY ORNAMENTALS; DROUGHT STRESS; WATER-STRESS; AZALEA; CULTIVARS; EVERGREEN; SEEDLINGS; EFFICIENCY; RESPONSES; QUALITY AB The influence of irrigation frequency (same amount of water per day given at different times) on nutrient uptake of container-grown evergreen Rhododendron 'P.J.M. Compact' (PJM) and 'English Roseum' (ER) and deciduous Rhododendron 'Gibraltar' (AZ) grown with different rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer was evaluated. Increased N application rate increased nutrient uptake and plant dry biomass. Irrigation frequency did not significantly influence total plant dry biomass; however, more frequent irrigation decreased net uptake of several nutrients including phosphorus (P), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) uptake in all cultivars; potassium (K), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) uptake in AZ and ER; sulfur (S) uptake in ER and PJM; and iron (Fe) uptake in AZ. Additionally, more frequent irrigation of evergreen cultivars increased calcium (Ca) uptake. Covariate analyses were used to compare nutrient uptake among cultivars and irrigation treatments after accounting for the variability in nutrient uptake attributable to differences in biomass and N uptake. For most nutrients, the influence of irrigation frequency on uptake was partially attributable to differences in biomass and N uptake. After accounting for the variability in nutrient uptake associated with biomass or N uptake, increased irrigation frequency decreased P, S, B, Cu, and Mn uptake only in ER and increased Ca uptake in the two evergreen cultivars. Differences in nutrient uptake among cultivars in response to irrigation treatments were related to water and N availability during production and their combined influence on water stress, nutrient uptake, and biomass partitioning. Estimates of nutrient demand and uptake efficiency using nutrient concentrations and ratios are discussed in relation to nutrient management differences for different cultivars and irrigation treatments. C1 [Scagel, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. [Fuchigami, Leslie H.; Regan, Richard P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Carolyn.Scagel@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS-Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research; Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation; American Rhododendron Society FX This work was funded, in part, by the USDA-ARS-Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research, the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation, and the American Rhododendron Society. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900005 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Arriaga, FJ Price, AJ AF Kornecki, Ted S. Arriaga, Francisco J. Price, Andrew J. TI Roller Type and Operating Speed Effects on Rye Termination Rates, Soil Moisture, and Yield of Sweet Corn in a No-till System SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE no-till sweet corn; rye cover crop; roller/crimper; termination rate ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; COVER CROP AB A field experiment was conducted in Cullman, AL, to evaluate the effects of three different rollers/crimpers on the termination of a rye (Secale cereale L) winter cover crop, soil moisture, and yield of sweet corn (Zen mays saccharata L.) in a no-till system. The following roller types were tested: a straight bar roller, a smooth roller with crimper, and a two-stage roller. These rollers were tested at operating speeds of 3.2 km h(-1) and 6.4 km.h(-1). The three rollers/crimpers were compared with a smooth drum roller (no crimping bars) plus glyphosate applied at rate 1.0 kg.ha(-1) used as a control. Rye termination dates were selected to be 3 weeks before the recommended sweet corn planting date, which is in the beginning of May for this region. Data indicate that at 3 weeks after rolling for all seasons (2006-2008), 100% rye termination was reached with the smooth drum roller and glyphosate. Two weeks after rolling, average rye termination rates by rollers/crimpers alone were 54.6%, 30.0%, and 50.4% in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Three weeks after rolling, rye termination rates increased only by approximate to 10% compared with 2 weeks after rolling. These termination levels were below the recommended rate of 90% termination necessary for planting a cash crop into the cover residue. Lower rye termination was probably caused by rolling the rye in an early growth stage (flowering stage). The rollers' operating speed did not influence rye termination rates. Similarly, roller type did not affect soil moisture during the first and second week after rolling. Applying glyphosate with rolling did not increase yield of sweet corn in any of the three growing seasons, and in 2006, sweet corn yield was lower compared with the roller alone treatments. These results are important to vegetable organic systems, in which use of herbicides is not allowed. No significant difference in sweet corn yield was found between operating speeds of 3.2 km.h(-1) vs. 6.4 km.h(-1) and between the assigned treatments in all growing seasons. However, significant differences in sweet corn yield were detected between the years, most likely as a result of different weather patterns. The lowest sweet corn yield of 3513 kg.ha(-1) was reported in 2007 as a result of severe drought in spring and summer of 2007. The highest yield of 15,613 kg-ha(-1) was recorded in 2006. In 2008, the yield was 10,158 kg-ha(-1). Although the different roller designs were not as effective in ending the rye cover crop compared with the glyphosate treatment, sweet corn yields were unaffected. Multiple rolling operations over the same area could be useful if greater rye termination levels are required without the use of a herbicide, but this recommendation should be tested experimentally in more detail. C1 [Kornecki, Ted S.; Arriaga, Francisco J.; Price, Andrew J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900009 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Wood, BW AF Nyczepir, Andrew P. Wood, Bruce W. TI Foliar Nickel Application Can Increase the Incidence of Peach Tree Short Life and Consequent Peach Tree Mortality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mesocriconema xenoplax; methyl bromide; micronutrient; nutrition; plant disease loss; Prunus persica; Pseudomonas syringae; short life; ring nematode ID SYRINGAE PV. SYRINGAE; CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; MESOCRICONEMA-XENOPLAX; BACTERIAL CANKER; AMINO-ACIDS; MOUSE-EAR; DEFICIENCY; PECAN; ROOTSTOCK; POPULATION AB Peach tree short life (PTSL) is associated with the presence of ring nematode, Mesocriconema xenoplax, and poor orchard management practices. The ability of postplant nickel (Ni) foliar application to suppress M. xenoplax population density and thereby prolong survival of peach trees on a PTSL site infested with M. xenoplax was investigated from 2004 to 2011. For this study, the site was divided into plots, which received the following treatments: 1) Ni (foliar-applied); 2) methyl bromide fumigation (MBr); and 3) an untreated control. Peach trees were planted into all plots in Mar. 2005 and the foliar Ni treatment was applied three times in 2005 and 2006. Nickel did not detectably suppress M. xenoplax populations as compared with M Br fumigation. The protective effect of MBr fumigation in suppressing M. xenoplax population density persisted for 27 months after orchard establishment. Trees receiving multiple foliar Ni applications at 0.45 g.L-1 over 2 years, while exposed to M. xenoplax, exhibited greater PTSL mortality than trees growing in untreated or MBr-fumigated plots. These results suggest that foliar applications of Ni to peach trees, growing on a PTSL site, should be used with caution in commercial orchards because these treatments can deleteriously disrupt tree metabolic/physiological processes sufficient to increase the incidence of PTSL tree mortality. C1 [Nyczepir, Andrew P.; Wood, Bruce W.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM Andy.Nyczepir@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 224 EP 227 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900010 ER PT J AU Curry, E AF Curry, Eric TI Increase in Epidermal Planar Cell Density Accompanies Decreased Russeting of 'Golden Delicious' Apples Treated with Gibberellin A(4+7) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus xdomestica; cuticle; plant growth regulator ID FRUIT RUSSET; ACULUS-SCHLECHTENDALI; CAMBIAL ACTIVITY; CUTICLE; ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; REDUCTION; SURFACE; SPRAYS; SEASON AB A 2-year study was conducted in a 'Golden Delicious' (Mains xdomestica Borkh.) orchard with a high incidence of physiological fruit russeting to examine the effect of gibberellin A(4+7) (GA(4+7)) on apple epidermal cell size. Beginning at petal fall, four sequential applications of GA(4+7) (0, 15, or 30 mg-L-1) were applied to whole trees every 7-10 days with an orchard air-blast sprayer at a volume of approximate to 1000 L. ha(-1). Fruit epidermal tissue samples were taken approximately monthly beginning 1 week after the fourth application. Tissue was treated in the laboratory with an enzyme mixture to remove cellular debris in preparation for examination using either light or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In 2007, because russeting was insignificant, treatment differences could not be established. Moreover, transillumination microscopy did not permit accurate measurement of 'Golden Delicious' fruit epidermal planar cell area beyond midseason because the isolated cuticle became thick and multilayered. In 2008, however, respective treatments of 15 and 30 mg.L-1 reduced calyx end russeting by 40% and 83% and increased epidermal planar cell density by 14% and 27% as measured using SEM. C1 ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Curry, E (reprint author), ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM eric.curry@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 232 EP 237 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900012 ER PT J AU Albano, JP AF Albano, Joseph P. TI Effects of FeEDDS and EDDS on Peat-based Substrate pH and Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn Solubility SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chelate; complexone; ligand; water quality; bedding plants; fertilizer; aminopolycarboxylic acid; media ID ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID; ETHYLENEDIAMINEDISUCCINIC ACID; MARIGOLD GROWTH; PETUNIA PLANTS; NUTRITION; CHLOROSIS; EDTA; PHOTODEGRADATION; CALIBRACHOA; SOILS AB Common chelating agents used in horticultural fertilizers like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and ethylenediaminedi(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDHA) are not readily biodegradable and may persist in the environment, maintaining the capacity to solubilize heavy metals. For this reason, biodegradable chelating agents like ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) are being evaluated for use in horticultural crop production. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to determine the effects of FeEDDS and EDDS on substrate pH and copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) solubility in peat-based substrate compared with various Fe and chelate-ligand sources. Extractions were performed using the 1:2 by volume substrate analysis method with an incubation period of 24 hours. The control was distilled deionized water extractions. Iron-source (FS) extractants consisted of 1 mg.L-1 Fe solutions derived from FeEDDS,FeEDTA, FeDTPA, FeEDDHA, and FeSO4. Iron-source extractant solution pH ranged from 7.1 (FeEDDS) to 5.4 (FeSO4). The extract pH for all Fe-source treatments was similar at pH 6.7, demonstrating the buffering capacity of the peat-based substrate. Iron recovery rates for FS treatments were determined after subtracting Fe that was freely extracted with distilled-deionized water: FeSO4 (13%), FeEDDHA (68%), FeEDDS (73%), FeEDTA (102%), and FeDTPA (121%). Iron-source treatments were not different for Mn, averaging 0.03 mg.L-1, and Cu (0.04 mg.L-1) and Zn (0.24 mg-L-1) were greatest in the FeEDDS treatment. Chelate-ligand (CL) extractants consisted of 5 mM solutions of EDDS, EDTA, and DTPA. Chelate-ligand extractant solution pH ranged from 9.7 (EDDS) to 2.3 (DTPA), and extract solution pH ranged from 7.2 (EDDS) to 4.7 (DTPA). Extractant solutions of EDDS and DTPA resulted in the lowest and highest levels of Cu (0.06 and 0.14 mg.L-1, respectively) and Fe (4.3 and 13.1 mg-L-1, respectively) in extract solutions. Overall, these results suggest that there are no negative implications for the use of FeEDDS with peat-based substrate in terms of horticultural crop production based on substrate Fe solubility, which was not different from FeEDTA. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Albano, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM joseph.albano@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6618-13000-003-00D]; USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX This work is associated with USDA-ARS Research Project 6618-13000-003-00D and was partially supported by the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900017 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Draper, AD Marshall, DA Spiers, JM AF Stringer, Stephen J. Draper, Arlen D. Marshall, Donna A. Spiers, James M. TI 'Gupton' Southern Highbush Blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vaccinium; hybrid; fruit breeding; cultivar C1 [Stringer, Stephen J.; Draper, Arlen D.; Marshall, Donna A.; Spiers, James M.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39466 USA. RP Stringer, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39466 USA. EM Stephen.Stringer@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 293 EP 295 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900023 ER PT J AU Whitaker, VM Chandler, CK Santos, BM Peres, N Nunes, MCD Plotto, A Sims, CA AF Whitaker, Vance M. Chandler, Craig K. Santos, Bielinski M. Peres, Natalia Nunes, M. Cecilia do Nascimento Plotto, Anne Sims, Charles A. TI Winterstar (TM) ('FL 05-107') Strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fragaria xananassa; fruit breeding; small fruit ID STORAGE C1 [Whitaker, Vance M.; Chandler, Craig K.; Santos, Bielinski M.; Peres, Natalia] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Nunes, M. Cecilia do Nascimento] Univ S Florida, Food Qual Lab, Lakeland, FL 33815 USA. [Plotto, Anne] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Sims, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Whitaker, VM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM vwhitaker@ufl.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 296 EP 298 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 900VP UT WOS:000300919900024 ER PT J AU Chopping, M North, M Chen, JQ Schaaf, CB Blair, JB Martonchik, JV Bull, MA AF Chopping, Mark North, Malcolm Chen, Jiquan Schaaf, Crystal B. Blair, J. Bryan Martonchik, John V. Bull, Michael A. TI Forest Canopy Cover and Height From MISR in Topographically Complex Southwestern US Landscapes Assessed With High Quality Reference Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Biomass; canopy; forestry; lidar; modeling; multiangle; topography ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; ANGLE SPECTRAL DATA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; CONIFER FOREST; TREE MORTALITY; MODEL; INVERSION AB This study addresses the retrieval of spatially contiguous canopy cover and height estimates in southwestern US forests via inversion of a geometric-optical (GO) model against surface bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) estimates from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). Model inversion can provide such maps if good estimates of the background bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) are available. The study area is in the Sierra National Forest in the Sierra Nevada of California. Tree number density, mean crown radius, and fractional cover reference estimates were obtained via analysis of QuickBird 0.6 m spatial resolution panchromatic imagery using the CANopy Analysis with Panchromatic Imagery (CANAPI) algorithm, while RH50, RH75 and RH100 (50%, 75%, and 100% energy return) height data were obtained from the NASA Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS), a full waveform light detection and ranging (lidar) instrument. These canopy parameters were used to drive a modified version of the simple GO model (SGM), accurately reproducing patterns of MISR 672 nm band surface reflectance (mean RMSE = 0.011, mean R-2 = 0.82, N = 1048). Cover and height maps were obtained through model inversion against MISR 672 nm reflectance estimates on a 250 m grid. The free parameters were tree number density and mean crown radius. RMSE values with respect to reference data for the cover and height retrievals were 0.05 and 6.65 m, respectively, with R-2 of 0.54 and 0.49. MISR can thus provide maps of forest cover and height in areas of topographic variation although refinements are required to improve retrieval precision. C1 [Chopping, Mark] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [North, Malcolm] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43560 USA. [Schaaf, Crystal B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Blair, J. Bryan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Martonchik, John V.; Bull, Michael A.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chopping, M (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM chopping@pegasus.montclair.edu; mnorth@ucdavis.edu; jiquan.chen@utoledo.edu; crystal.schaaf@umb.edu; james.b.blair@nasa.gov; john.v.martonchik@jpl.nasa.gov; michael.a.bull@jpl.nasa.gov RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Khachadourian, Diana/C-8513-2012; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AE71G, NNX11AF90G]; University of Maryland, College Park FX This work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NNX08AE71G and Grant NNX11AF90G.; The authors acknowledge the LVIS team for use of the LVIS data. They thank Xiaohong Chopping for informed comment; Sawahiko Shimada (Agricultural University of Tokyo) for assistance with large-scale BRDF model inversions; and Joseph Youn and Michael Stoppay (Computer Operations for Research and Education, College of Science and Mathematics, Montclair State University) for computing support. They also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insights on the original manuscript. The MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center. LVIS data sets were provided by the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) team in the Laser Remote Sensing Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, with support from the University of Maryland, College Park. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 SI SI BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2184270 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 899VK UT WOS:000300844400005 ER PT J AU Ravva, SV Hernlem, BJ Sarreal, CZ Mandrell, RE AF Ravva, Subbarao V. Hernlem, Bradley J. Sarreal, Chester Z. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Bacterial communities in urban aerosols collected with wetted-wall cyclonic samplers and seasonal fluctuations of live and culturable airborne bacteria SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-GENOME AMPLIFICATION; MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; VIABILITY; SWINE; FLOW; DUST; AIR AB Airborne transmission of bacterial pathogens from point sources (e.g., ranches, dairy waste treatment facilities) to areas of food production (farms) has been suspected. Determining the incidence, transport and viability of extremely low levels of pathogens require collection of high volumes of air and characterization of live bacteria from aerosols. We monitored the numbers of culturable bacteria in urban aerosols on 21 separate days during a 9 month period using high volume cyclonic samplers at an elevation of 6 m above ground level. Culturable bacteria in aerosols fluctuated from 3 CFU to 6 million CFU/L of air per hour and correlated significantly with changes in seasonal temperatures, but not with humidity or wind speed. Concentrations of viable bacteria determined by fluorescence staining and flow cytometry correlated significantly with culturable bacteria. Members of the phylum Proteobacteria constituted 98% of the bacterial community, which was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing using DNA from aerosols. Aquabacterium sp., previously characterized from aquatic environments, represented 63% of all clones and the second most common were Burkholderia sp; these are ubiquitous in nature and some are potential human pathogens. Whole genome amplification prior to sequencing resulted in a substantial decrease in species diversity compared to characterizing culturable bacteria sorted by flow cytometry based on scatter signals. Although 27 isolated colonies were characterized, we were able to culture 38% of bacteria characterized by sequencing. The whole genome amplification method amplified DNA preferentially from Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, a minor member of the bacterial communities, whereas Variovorax paradoxus dominated the cultured organisms. C1 [Ravva, Subbarao V.; Sarreal, Chester Z.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. [Hernlem, Bradley J.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Ravva, SV (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. EM subbarao.ravva@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under CRIS [5325-42000-046] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under CRIS project 5325-42000-046. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1039/c1em10753d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885QT UT WOS:000299794900019 PM 22193549 ER PT J AU Kruczek, C Wachtel, M Alabady, MS Payton, PR Colmer-Hamood, JA Hamood, AN AF Kruczek, Cassandra Wachtel, Mitchell Alabady, Magdy S. Payton, Paxton R. Colmer-Hamood, Jane A. Hamood, Abdul N. TI Serum albumin alters the expression of iron-controlled genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID FERRIC UPTAKE REGULATOR; ALTERNATIVE SIGMA-FACTOR; III SECRETION; BOUND IRON; EXOTOXIN; PROMOTERS; VIRULENCE; PVDS; IDENTIFICATION; SIDEROPHORES AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes serious infections in immunocompromised patients, produces numerous virulence factors, including exotoxin A and the siderophore pyoverdine. As production of these virulence factors is influenced by the host environment, we examined the effect serum has on global transcription within P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 at different phases of growth in an iron-deficient medium. At early exponential phase, serum significantly enhanced expression of 138 genes, most of which are repressed by iron, including pvdS, regA and the pyoverdine synthesis genes. However, serum did not interfere with the repression of these genes by iron. Serum enhanced regA expression in a fur mutant of PAO1 but not in a pvdS mutant. The serum iron-binding protein apotransferrin, but not ferritin, enhanced regA and pvdS expression. However, in PAO1 grown in a chemically defined medium that contains no iron, serum but not apotransferrin enhanced pvdS and regA expression. While complement inactivation failed to eliminate this effect, albumin absorption reduced the effect of serum on pvdS and regA expression in the iron-deficient medium chelexed tryptic soy broth dialysate. Additionally, albumin absorption eliminated the effect of serum on pvdS and regA expression in the chemically defined medium. These results suggest that serum enhances the expression of P. aeruginosa iron-controlled genes by two mechanisms: one through apotransferrin and another one through albumin. C1 [Kruczek, Cassandra; Colmer-Hamood, Jane A.; Hamood, Abdul N.] Texas Tech Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Wachtel, Mitchell] Texas Tech Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Alabady, Magdy S.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Payton, Paxton R.] USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Hamood, AN (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM abdul.hamood@ttuhsc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK089507] NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD FEB PY 2012 VL 158 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1099/mic.0.053371-0 PN 2 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 900CP UT WOS:000300864500007 PM 22053004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Rizshsky, L Hauck, C Qu, LP Widrlechner, MP Nikolau, BJ Murphy, PA Birt, DF AF Zhang, Xiaozhu Rizshsky, Ludmila Hauck, Catherine Qu, Luping Widrlechner, Mark P. Nikolau, Basil J. Murphy, Patricia A. Birt, Diane F. TI Bauer ketones 23 and 24 from Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and cytokines in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Echinacea; Ethanol extract; Fractionation; Polyacetylenes; Ketoalkenynes; Polyenes; Ketoalkenes; Anti-inflammatory ID CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; E-2 PRODUCTION; PALLIDA; ANGUSTIFOLIA; PURPUREA; ROOTS; CONSTITUENTS; ALKAMIDES; CELLS AB Among the nine Echinacea species, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia and E. pallida, have been widely used to treat the common cold, flu and other infections. In this study, ethanol extracts of these three Echinacea species and E. paradoxa, including its typical variety, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, were screened in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells to assess potential anti-inflammatory activity.E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, rich in polyenes/polyacetylenes, was an especially efficient inhibitor of LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 46%, 32%, 53% and 26%, respectively, when tested at 20 mu g/ml in comparison to DMSO control. By bioactivity-guided fractionation, pentadeca-8Z-ene-11, 13-diyn-2-one (Bauer ketone 23) and pentadeca-8Z, 13Z-dien-11-yn-2-one (Bauer ketone 24) from E. paradoxa var. paradoxa were found primarily responsible for inhibitory effects on NO and PGE2 production. Moreover, Bauer ketone 24 was the major contributor to inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-induced mouse macrophage cells. These results provide a rationale for exploring the medicinal effects of the Bauer ketone-rich taxon, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, and confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of Bauer ketones 23 and 24. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaozhu; Hauck, Catherine; Murphy, Patricia A.; Birt, Diane F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhang, Xiaozhu; Rizshsky, Ludmila; Hauck, Catherine; Qu, Luping; Widrlechner, Mark P.; Nikolau, Basil J.; Murphy, Patricia A.; Birt, Diane F.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Res Bot Dietary Supplements, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhang, Xiaozhu; Birt, Diane F.] Iowa State Univ, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol Interdept Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rizshsky, Ludmila; Nikolau, Basil J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qu, Luping; Widrlechner, Mark P.] ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Birt, DF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zhangxz@iastate.edu; ludmilar@iastate.edu; cchauck@iastate.edu; Luping.Qu@ars.usda.gov; Mark.Widrlechner@ars.usda.gov; dimmas@iastate.edu; pmurphy@iastate.edu; dbirt@iastate.edu OI Rizhsky, Ludmila/0000-0003-2323-8225 FU National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) [9P50AT004155-06]; Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS); National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX This research was supported by Grant No. 9P50AT004155-06 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCCAM, or NIH. Mention of commercial brand names and trademarks does not constitute an endorsement of any products by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 2012 VL 74 BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.10.013 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 899KV UT WOS:000300815700016 PM 22133644 ER PT J AU Peck, JE Zenner, EK Palik, B AF Peck, JeriLynn E. Zenner, Eric K. Palik, Brian TI Variation in microclimate and early growth of planted pines under dispersed and aggregated overstory retention in mature managed red pine in Minnesota SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY STRUCTURE; OPENING SIZE; GAP SIZE; FOREST; REGENERATION; SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEM; STANDS AB Retention harvests are proposed as mechanisms for introducing two-aged structure into even-aged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands, yet little is known about seedling responses to overstory abundance and resource availability under potential harvesting treatments. We related spatially explicit measurements of overstory abundance, proportional diffuse radiation, and soil temperature and moisture to first-year mortality and 2-year growth of underplanted jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and red pine seedlings under four harvest treatments: no-harvest control, single-tree (dispersed) thinning, small (0.1 ha) gap group harvesting, and large (0.3 ha) gap group harvesting. Growth of all species was greater in all cut treatments than in the control, but the only difference among cut treatments was greater jack pine height growth in large-gap harvests than in small-gap harvests. Proportional diffuse radiation and soil moisture varied considerably by location within the gaps and were highest in gap centers. Seedling growth responses increased from the forest edge into gap centers where overstory influence was least. All three cut treatments could be expected to result in the development of a two-aged stand structure in mature red pine stands such as these. When an aggregate retention harvest is implemented, higher initial mortality and growth could be anticipated for seedlings near the center of the gap. C1 [Peck, JeriLynn E.; Zenner, Eric K.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. [Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 06514 USA. RP Peck, JE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 207 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. EM PeckJ@psu.edu FU Department of Forest Resources; College of Natural Resources; Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program; University of Minnesota FX We thank C. Kern for logistical support. Assistance in the field and with data entry was provided by D. Arras, J. Berglund, B. Boyce, J. Burton, J. Busse, C. Ferguson, L. Maceij, B. Noy, and T. Shevlin. Funding was provided by the Department of Forest Resources, the College of Natural Resources, and the Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program and Seed Grant program of the University of Minnesota. The manuscript was considerably improved through the suggestions of three anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1139/X11-186 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 894UJ UT WOS:000300452200007 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, TF Long, RP Rebbeck, J Sutherland, EK Yaussy, DA AF Hutchinson, Todd F. Long, Robert P. Rebbeck, Joanne Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy Yaussy, Daniel A. TI Repeated prescribed fires alter gap-phase regeneration in mixed-oak forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ADVANCE REGENERATION; SHELTERWOOD STANDS; SOUTHERN OHIO; RED OAK; 2ND-GROWTH FORESTS; SOUTHEASTERN OHIO; GROWTH; DISTURBANCE AB Oak dominance is declining in the central hardwoods region, as canopy oaks are being replaced by shade-tolerant trees that are abundant in the understory of mature stands. Although prescribed fire can reduce understory density, oak seedlings often fail to show increased vigor after fire, as the canopy remains intact. In this study, we examine the response of tree regeneration to a sequence of repeated prescribed fires followed by canopy gap formation. We sampled advance regeneration (stems > 30 cm tall) in 52 gaps formed by synchronous mortality of white oak (Quercus alba L.); 28 gaps were in three burned stands and 24 gaps were in three unburned stands. Five years after gap formation, unburned gaps were being filled by shade-tolerant saplings and poles and were heavily shaded (7% of full sun). By contrast, tolerant saplings had been virtually eliminated in the burned gaps, which averaged 19% of full sun. Larger oak and hickory regeneration was much more abundant in burned gaps, as was sassafras, while shade-tolerant stems were equally abundant in burned and unburned gaps. Our results suggest that the regeneration of oak, particularly that of white oak, may be improved with multiple prescribed fires followed by the creation of moderate-sized canopy gaps (200-400 m(2)). C1 [Hutchinson, Todd F.; Long, Robert P.; Rebbeck, Joanne; Yaussy, Daniel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Hutchinson, TF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM thutchinson@fs.fed.us OI Yaussy, Daniel/0000-0003-1127-7809 FU Washington Office of the USDA Forest Service; Joint Fire Science Program; Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX We thank William Borovicka and Levi Miller for leading the field data collection; Richard Craig, Timothy Fox, Matthew Peters, Zachary Moor, and Jonathan Schaeffer provided field assistance. We thank Joan Jolliff and Timothy Fox for entering the data. We thank Patrick Brose, John Kabrick, and two anonymous reviewers for many helpful suggestions on a previous draft. We thank John Stanovick and Alejandro Royo for statistical consultation. We thank our land management partner, the Ohio Division of Forestry, owner of the Vinton Furnace State Experimental Forest. The original funding for the prescribed fire study and the Fire and Fire Surrogates study was provided by the Washington Office of the USDA Forest Service and the Joint Fire Science Program, respectively. Additional support for this study was provided by the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 30 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1139/X11-184 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 894UJ UT WOS:000300452200009 ER PT J AU Pinto, JR Marshall, JD Dumroese, RK Davis, AS Cobos, DR AF Pinto, Jeremiah R. Marshall, John D. Dumroese, R. Kasten Davis, Anthony S. Cobos, Douglas R. TI Photosynthetic response, carbon isotopic composition, survival, and growth of three stock types under water stress enhanced by vegetative competition SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS; GAS-EXCHANGE; ROOT-GROWTH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; SOIL-WATER; DISCRIMINATION; CONTAINER; FORESTS; ESTABLISHMENT AB Selecting the proper stock type for reforestation on dry sites can be critical for the long-term survival and growth of seedlings. In this study, we use a novel approach to understand stock type selection on a site where drought was induced with vegetative competition. Three ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. ponderosa C. Lawson) seedling stock types were planted in the field and subjected to three levels of competition. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.) was sown in three densities (0, 150, and 300 plants.m(-2)) and was successfully used as a model competitor to create drought conditions. High rates of net photosynthesis (A) indicated that seedlings with adequate soil moisture and without vegetative competition were established within three weeks. Conversely, low A, low soil moisture, and low predawn water potential measurements indicated that seedlings planted with vegetative competition were moisture-stressed and not established. Drought conditions created by the wheat caused 100% mortality among smaller stock types, whereas the largest stock type had a 63%-75% mortality rate. Measures of stable carbon isotopes showed stratification based on water availability, with significant delta C-13 enrichment in competition treatments. Soil moisture is critical for seedlings to establish quickly after planting. Our data suggest that proper stock type selection on drought- or vegetation-prone sites can confer survival and growth benefits. C1 [Pinto, Jeremiah R.; Dumroese, R. Kasten] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Marshall, John D.; Davis, Anthony S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Cobos, Douglas R.] Decagon Devices Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Pinto, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jpinto@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Coeur d'Alene Nursery; USDA Forest Service FX We thank the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation for donating pine seed for the project; the USDA Forest Service Coeur d'Alene Nursery (Joseph Myers, Aram Eramian, and Kent Eggleston) for providing the site and logistical support; Ann Abbott and Scott Baggett for providing statistical guidance; Joanne Tirocke for soil water potential lab work; Robert Zemetra for guidance on wheat; and the Editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Funding support was provided by the USDA Forest Service. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1139/X11-189 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 894UJ UT WOS:000300452200011 ER PT J AU Kohnle, U Hein, S Sorensen, FC Weiskittel, AR AF Kohnle, Ulrich Hein, Sebastian Sorensen, Frank C. Weiskittel, Aaron R. TI Effects of seed source origin on bark thickness of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) growing in southwestern Germany SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BADEN-WURTTEMBERG; GENETIC-VARIATION; PROVENANCE TESTS; MODEL; OREGON AB Provenance-specific variation in bark thickness in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is important for accurate volume calculations and might carry ecological implications as well. To investigate variation, diameter at breast height (dbh) and double bark thickness (dbt) were measured in 10 experiments in southwestern Germany (16 American and six German seed sources), which were approximately 50 years old and ranged in productivity. Provenance-specific mixed models for dbt versus dbh varied considerably with respect to intercept and slope. Likewise, analysis of covariance on bark ratio (range = 8.0% to 13.2%) with dbh as the linear predictor revealed significant differences (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001) in 70% of the comparisons. Influence of seed origin on bark ratio was analyzed for our 16 American sources plus six provenances reported from New Zealand tests. In linear regressions, single geographic position variables explained only a small proportion of the variation in bark ratio (range of r(2) = 0.01-0.33), and the same was true for individual climate variables. In contrast, physiographic regions significantly (p = 0.0013) explained considerable variation (r(2) = 0.66). Likewise, a combination of three climate variables (temperature, frost days, precipitation) proved significant (p < 0.0001; r(2) = 0.87). As bark ratio was inversely related to precipitation at the seed origin, it is inferred that historic fire regimes may have played a selective role in the process by which Douglas-fir allocates dry matter between bark and wood. C1 [Kohnle, Ulrich] Forest Res Inst Baden Wurttemberg, D-79007 Freiburg, Germany. [Hein, Sebastian] Univ Appl Forest Sci, D-72108 Rottenburg N, Germany. [Sorensen, Frank C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Weiskittel, Aaron R.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Kohnle, U (reprint author), Forest Res Inst Baden Wurttemberg, Postfach 708, D-79007 Freiburg, Germany. EM ulrich.kohnle@forst.bwl.de RI Hein, Sebastian/A-6091-2010 OI Hein, Sebastian/0000-0002-4009-9282 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KO 931/8-1] FX We thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and valuable suggestions, which helped greatly to improve the manuscript. Part of the research leading to these results received funding from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft's grant KO 931/8-1 as part of the project package PAK 583/468. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 382 EP 399 DI 10.1139/X11-191 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 894UJ UT WOS:000300452200016 ER PT J AU Keyser, TL AF Keyser, Tara L. TI Patterns of growth dominance in thinned yellow-poplar stands in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED DECLINE; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; TREE GROWTH; LEAF-AREA; EFFICIENCY; HYPOTHESIS AB Growth dominance provides a quantitative description of the relative contribution of individual trees to stand growth. Positive dominance occurs when the largest individuals account for a greater proportion of growth period increment than total biomass. Conversely, negative dominance occurs when the smallest trees account for a greater proportion of the growth period increment than of total biomass. This study uses the relatively new concept of growth dominance to examine long-term changes in tree growth patterns in thinned yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) in the southern Appalachians. Growth dominance decreased with site index and the interaction between residual relative density and site index but increased with residual relative density and years since thinning. These relationships suggested that discrepancies in growth dominance among varying degrees of residual relative densities, with stands thinned to lower densities displaying negative growth dominance relative to stands receiving less intense thinning treatments, decreased over time. This negative growth dominance indicates that the stand-level growth included a disproportionate increase in growth of nondominant trees. The concept of growth dominance in a management context appears useful for assessing the efficacy of thinning treatments in meeting various management objectives and should be considered a potential tool for quantifying the relative success of management alternatives. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Keyser, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM tkeyser@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest FX This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest. The author recognizes Don Beck for initiating this study as well as numerous technicians for their dedication to maintaining this study. Comments from Dan Binkley, Erin Smith-Mateja, Bernard Parresol, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1139/X11-196 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 894UJ UT WOS:000300452200018 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Grant, DM Abel, CA AF Coates, Brad S. Hellmich, Richard L. Grant, David M. Abel, Craig A. TI Mobilizing the Genome of Lepidoptera through Novel Sequence Gains and End Creation by Non-autonomous Lep1 Helitrons SO DNA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Helitron; sequence gain; genome rearrangement ID ROLLING-CIRCLE TRANSPOSONS; SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; MAIZE; ELEMENTS; DIVERSITY; FAMILY; GENES; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Transposable elements (TEs) can affect the structure of genomes through their acquisition and transposition of novel DNA sequences. The 134-bp repetitive elements, Lep1, are conserved non-autonomous Helitrons in lepidopteran genomes that have characteristic 5'-CT and 3'-CTAY nucleotide termini, a 3'-terminal hairpin structure, a 5'- and 3'-subterminal inverted repeat (SIR), and integrations that occur between AT or TT nucleotides. Lep1 Helitrons have acquired and propagated sequences downstream of their 3'-CTAY termini that are 57-344-bp in length and have termini composed of a 3'-CTRR preceded by a 3'-hairpin structure and a region complementary to the 5'-SIR (3'-SIRb). Features of both the Lep1 Helitron and multiple acquired sequences indicate that secondary structures at the 3'-terminus may have a role in rolling circle replication or genome integration mechanisms, and are a prerequisite for novel end creation by Helitron-like TEs. The preferential integration of Lep1 Helitrons in proximity to gene-coding regions results in the creation of genetic novelty that is shown to impact gene structure and function through the introduction of novel exon sequence (exon shuffling). These findings are important in understanding the structural requirements of genomic DNA sequences that are acquired and transposed by Helitron-like TEs. C1 [Coates, Brad S.; Hellmich, Richard L.; Grant, David M.; Abel, Craig A.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab 113, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.; Abel, Craig A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grant, David M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab 113, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brad.coates@ars.udsa.gov FU USDA Current Research Information System (CRIS) [3625-22000-017-00D]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service [3543]; Iowa State University outreach station, Ames, IA [3543] FX This work was supported by the USDA Current Research Information System (CRIS) project number 3625-22000-017-00D.; This research was a joint contribution of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service and the Iowa State University outreach station, Ames, IA (Project 3543). This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product or service does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by USDA or Iowa State University for its use. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1340-2838 J9 DNA RES JI DNA Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1093/dnares/dsr038 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 898RR UT WOS:000300760000002 PM 22086996 ER PT J AU Ngo, HL Hoh, E Foglia, TA AF Ngo, Helen L. Hoh, Eunha Foglia, Thomas A. TI Improved synthesis and characterization of saturated branched-chain fatty acid isomers SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ferrierite zeolite; Mordenite; Saturated branched-chain fatty acids; Skeletal isomerization; Triphenylphosphine ID UNSATURATED-ALPHA,OMEGA-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS; OLEOCHEMICALS; METATHESIS AB The development of viable technologies for producing green products from renewable fats and oils is highly desirable since such materials can serve as replacements for non-renewable and poorly biodegradable petroleum-based products. Mixtures of saturated branched-chain fatty acid isomers (sbc-FAs), commonly referred to as isostearic acid, are important intermediates for the production of biodegradable lubricants, cosmetics, emollients, and hydraulic fluids. Present methods for producing sbc-FAs, however, often give low yields of sbc-FAs or sbc-FA preparations with a high content of dimer acid fatty acid co-products. This study reports an improved route to synthesizing sbc-FAs from monounsaturated fatty acids using a modified H-Ferrierite zeolite catalyst in conjunction with small amounts of triphenylphosphine additive. The yields of sbc-FAs (up to 80wt%) and co-products (up to15 wt%) were determined using a modification of a previously reported GC method. A more detailed analysis of the distribution of sbc-FA isomers in the products was made by the combined use of GC x GC-TOF-MS. Additionally, it was found that the H-Ferrierite zeolite catalyst was recyclable and reusable up to 10 times without significant loss of activity and selectivity for sbc-FAs. C1 [Ngo, Helen L.; Hoh, Eunha; Foglia, Thomas A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hoh, Eunha] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Ngo, HL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1002/ejlt.201000471 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 895MI UT WOS:000300499900017 ER PT J AU Chettri, P Calvo, AM Cary, JW Dhingra, S Guo, YA McDougal, RL Bradshaw, RE AF Chettri, Pranav Calvo, Ana M. Cary, Jeffrey W. Dhingra, Sourabh Guo, Yanan McDougal, Rebecca L. Bradshaw, Rosie E. TI The veA gene of the pine needle pathogen Dothistroma septosporum regulates sporulation and secondary metabolism SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Regulation; Dothistroma; Sporulation; Secondary metabolism; Velvet gene; Dothideomycete ID FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; VELVET-LIKE COMPLEX; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; FOREST PATHOGEN; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; CONIDIOPHORE DEVELOPMENT; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT AB Fungi possess genetic systems to regulate the expression of genes involved in complex processes such as development and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The product of the velvet gene veA, first identified and characterized in Aspergillus nidulans, is a key player in the regulation of both of these processes. Since its discovery and characterization in many Aspergillus species, VeA has been found to have similar functions in other fungi, including the Dothideomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola. Another Dothideomycete, Dothistroma septosporum, is a pine needle pathogen that produces dothistromin, a polyketide toxin very closely related to aflatoxin (AF) and sterigmatocystin (ST) synthesized by Aspergillus spp. Dothistromin is unusual in that, unlike most other secondary metabolites, it is produced mainly during the early exponential growth phase in culture. It was therefore of interest to determine whether the regulation of dothistromin production in D. septosporum differs from the regulation of AF/ST in Aspergillus spp. To begin to address this question, a veA ortholog was identified and its function analyzed in D. septosporum. Inactivation of the veA gene resulted in reduced dothistromin production and a corresponding decrease in expression of dothistromin biosynthetic genes. Expression of other putative secondary metabolite genes in D. septosporum such as polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthases showed a range of different responses to loss of Ds-veA. Asexual sporulation was also significantly reduced in the mutants, accompanied by a reduction in the expression of a putative stuA regulatory gene. The mutants were, however, able to infect Pinus radiata seedlings and complete their life cycle under laboratory conditions. Overall this work suggests that D. septosporum has a veA ortholog that is involved in the control of both developmental and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bradshaw, Rosie E.] Massey Univ, Coll Sci, Inst Mol BioSci, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. [Calvo, Ana M.; Dhingra, Sourabh] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Cary, Jeffrey W.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Bradshaw, RE (reprint author), Massey Univ, Coll Sci, Inst Mol BioSci, Sci Tower D,Riddet Rd, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. EM r.e.bradshaw@massey.ac.nz RI chettri, pranav/E-4292-2015; Bradshaw, Rosie/C-7846-2011 OI Bradshaw, Rosie/0000-0001-5228-2685 FU New Zealand Bio-Protection Centre of Research Excellence FX Financial support from the New Zealand Bio-Protection Centre of Research Excellence is acknowledged. Timothy Owen and Rose Motion (Massey University, NZ) are thanked for assistance with development of the dothistromin assay methods. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.11.009 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 898NL UT WOS:000300749000006 PM 22227160 ER PT J AU Barbieri, M Marcel, TC Niks, RE Francia, E Pasquariello, M Mazzamurro, V Garvin, DF Pecchioni, N AF Barbieri, Mirko Marcel, Thierry C. Niks, Rients E. Francia, Enrico Pasquariello, Marianna Mazzamurro, Valentina Garvin, David F. Pecchioni, Nicola TI QTLs for resistance to the false brome rust Puccinia brachypodii in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon L. SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium distachyon; AFLP; linkage map; false brome rust; quantitative resistance; QTL ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; ONE MAJOR LOCUS; LEAF RUST; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GLOBODERA-PALLIDA; POWDERY MILDEW; BARLEY GENOME; STRIPE RUST AB The potential of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon L. (Brachypodium) for studying grass-pathogen interactions is still underexploited. We aimed to identify genomic regions in Brachypodium associated with quantitative resistance to the false brome rust fungus Puccinia brachypodii. The inbred lines Bd3-1 and Bd1-1, differing in their level of resistance to P. brachypodii, were crossed to develop an F-2 population. This was evaluated for reaction to a virulent isolate of P. brachypodii at both the seedling and advanced growth stages. To validate the results obtained on the F-2, resistance was quantified in F-2-derived F-3 families in two experiments. Disease evaluations showed quantitative and transgressive segregation for resistance. A new AFLP-based Brachypodium linkage map consisting of 203 loci and spanning 812 cM was developed and anchored to the genome sequence with SSR and SNP markers. Three false brome rust resistance QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, and 4, and they were detected across experiments. This study is the first quantitative trait analysis in Brachypodium. Resistance to P. brachypodii was governed by a few QTLs: two acting at the seedling stage and one acting at both seedling and advanced growth stages. The results obtained offer perspectives to elucidate the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to rust fungi. C1 [Barbieri, Mirko; Francia, Enrico; Pasquariello, Marianna; Mazzamurro, Valentina; Pecchioni, Nicola] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Sci Agr & Alimenti, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy. [Marcel, Thierry C.; Niks, Rients E.] Wageningen Univ, Lab Plant Breeding, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pecchioni, N (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Sci Agr & Alimenti, Via Amendola 2 Padigl Besta, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy. EM nicola.pecchioni@unimore.it RI Francia, Enrico/C-8444-2015; Pecchioni, Nicola/E-5389-2015 OI Francia, Enrico/0000-0001-8709-1002; Pecchioni, Nicola/0000-0003-1704-2541 FU Italian Ministry of University and Research (MiUR); European Union FX Thanks are extended to A. Vels from Wageningen University for his technical support in the greenhouse disease tests. V.M. was supported by the National young PhD fellowships programme of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MiUR). T.C.M. was supported by the BIOEXPLOIT Integrated Project that resides under the 6th framework programme of the European Union. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1139/G2012-001 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 896YY UT WOS:000300608600008 PM 22321152 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Birkett, H Gay, J Legendre, B Jackson, W Schudmak, C Monge, A Andrzejewski, B Viator, R Charlet, T AF Eggleston, G. Birkett, H. Gay, J. Legendre, B. Jackson, W. Schudmak, C. Monge, A. Andrzejewski, B. Viator, R. Charlet, T. TI How combine harvesting of green cane billets with different levels of trash affects production and processing Part I: Field yields and delivered cane quality SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cane quality parameters; combine harvester; extractor fan speeds; leaves and tops; sugarcane trash ID SUGARCANE AB New refineries in Louisiana, USA are requesting Louisiana sugarcane factories to deliver very high pol/very low color (VHP/VLC) raw sugar with low ash concentrations. This higher quality raw sugar will allow both growers and factory processors to share economic premiums from the new refineries. A comprehensive factory trash trial was conducted in Louisiana to determine how different speeds of the extractor fans on two combine harvesters (John Deere 3500 and 3510 models) affect trash levels of green billets from L 99-226 commercial sugarcane variety (ripener treated) as well as upstream and downstream processing. Fan speeds of 1050, 850 and 650 rpm were studied on Days 1, 2, and 3 (20-22 Nov, 2010), respectively, at a constant ground speed of 3.5 mph. Sufficient cane of each treatment (24-27 truck loads) was harvested and processed each day to purge the tandem mill of other cane and to process the selected cane for a total of similar to 30 min. Trash tissues, prepared cane, and bagasse samples in the front end were collected and analyzed. Percent extraction and processing rates were calculated. Total trash levels (growing point region or top stalk + green leaves + brown leaves) were 12.1, 18.9 and 22.7% for the 1050, 850, and 650 rpm fan speeds, respectively, and significantly (P<0.05) different. There was extra trash than the hand-cut field cane at 850 and 650 rpm because of (i) slight layers of mud on the trash adding to the weight and (ii) weedy plant material. Most cane quality and processing parameters, including fiber, soluble solids, pol sucrose, purity, percent extraction, imbibition, processing rate, and mud volume became progressively worse with increased trash levels and decreased fan speed. Net proceeds to the grower were optimal for both growers and processors at the 850 rpm setting. More data are still needed for L 99-226 and other varieties, especially early in the Louisiana processing season when trash levels are considerably higher. C1 [Eggleston, G.; Andrzejewski, B.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Birkett, H.; Legendre, B.] Louisiana State Univ, Audubon Sugar Inst, Ctr Agr, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Gay, J.] St Louis Planting Co, Plaquemine, LA 70764 USA. [Jackson, W.] Amer Sugar Cane League, Thibodaux, LA 70302 USA. [Schudmak, C.; Monge, A.; Charlet, T.] Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. [Viator, R.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov FU core lab at Cora Texas factory FX This trial could not have been undertaken without the exceptional cooperation and support of the core lab staff at Cora Texas factory. In particular, the authors would like to thank Mr. Eldwin St. Cyr (USDA-ARS-SRRC), Ms. Jeanie Stein (LSU AgCenter), and Ms. Jessica Gober (USDA-ARS-SRRC) for their excellent technical assistance. Thanks also go Ms. Julie-anne Fenger of AgroParisTech, Massy, France and Mr. Louis Lirette of LSU AgCenter for their assistance in separating trash components at the factory each day. The American Sugar Cane League is thanked for funding this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1358 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 895BN UT WOS:000300471300040 ER PT J AU Sundaram, J Park, B Hinton, A Yoon, SC Windham, WR Lawrence, KC AF Sundaram, Jaya Park, Bosoon Hinton, Arthur, Jr. Yoon, Seung Chul Windham, William R. Lawrence, Kurt C. TI Classification and Structural Analysis of Live and Dead Salmonella Cells Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FT-IR spectroscopy; Salmonella Typhimurium; Salmonella Enteritidis; principal component analysis; foodborne pathogen; food safety; Mahalanobis distance; SIMCA classification ID FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; ENTERICA SEROVARS; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; MICROBIAL SPOILAGE; DIFFERENTIATION; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMOMETRICS; FOOD AB Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to detect Salmonella Typhimuritun and Salmonella Enteritidis food-borne bacteria and to distinguish between live and dead cells of both serotypes. Bacteria cells were prepared in 10(8) cfu/mL concentration, and 1 mL of each bacterium was loaded individually on the ZnSe attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal surface (45 ZnSe, 10 bounces, and 48 mm X 5 mm effective area of analysis on the crystal) and scanned for spectral data collection from 4000 to 650 cm(-1) wavenumber. Analysis of spectral signatures of Salmonella isolates was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA). Spectral data were divided into three regions such as 900-1300, 1300-1800, and 3000 2200 cm-1 based on their spectral signatures. PCA models were developed to differentiate the serotypes and live and dead cells of each serotype. Maximum classification accuracy of 100% was obtained for serotype differentiation as well as for live and dead cells differentiation. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) analysis was carried out on the PCA model and applied to validation sample sets. It gave a predicted classification accuracy of 100% for both the serotypes and its live and dead cells differentiation. The Mahalanobis distance calculated in three different spectral regions showed maximum distance for the 1800 1300 cm(-1) region, followed by the 3000-2200 cm(-1) region, and then by the 1300-900 cm(-1) region. It showed that both of the serotypes have maximum differences in their nucleic acids, DNA/RNA backbone structures, protein, and amide I and amide II bands. C1 [Sundaram, Jaya; Park, Bosoon; Hinton, Arthur, Jr.; Yoon, Seung Chul; Windham, William R.; Lawrence, Kurt C.] ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sundaram, J (reprint author), ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jaya.sundaram@ars.usda.gov FU National Institute for Hometown Security FX This work has been funded by the National Institute for Hometown Security, and we greatly acknowledge them. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 991 EP 1004 DI 10.1021/jf204081g PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 894YD UT WOS:000300462500019 PM 22257216 ER PT J AU Poulose, SM Fisher, DR Larson, J Bielinski, DF Rimando, AM Carey, AN Schauss, AG Shukitt-Hale, B AF Poulose, Shibu M. Fisher, Derek R. Larson, Jessica Bielinski, Donna F. Rimando, Agnes M. Carey, Amanda N. Schauss, Alexander G. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Anthocyanin-rich Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Fruit Pulp Fractions Attenuate Inflammatory Stress Signaling in Mouse Brain BV-2 Microglial Cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acai pulp; anthocyanins; inflammation; oxidative stress; microglia ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; AMAZONIAN PALM BERRY; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; UP-REGULATION; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Age-related diseases of the brain compromise memory, learning, and movement and are directly linked with increases in oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous research has shown that supplementation with berries can modulate signaling in primary hippocampal neurons or BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Because of their high polyphenolic content, fruit pulp fractions of acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) were explored for their protective effect on BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Freeze-dried acai pulp was fractionated using solvents with different polarities and analyzed using HPLC for major anthocyanins and other phenolics. Fractions extracted using methanol (MEOH) and ethanol (ETOH) were particularly rich in anthocyanins such as cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, and peonidin, whereas the fraction extracted using acetone (ACE) was rich in other phenolics such as catechin, ferulic acid, quercetin, resveratrol, and synergic and vanillic acids. Studies were conducted to investigate the mitigating effects of acai pulp extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) induced oxidative stress and inflammation; treatment of BV-2 cells with acai fractions resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decreases in nitrite production, accompanied by a reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The inhibition pattern was emulated with the ferulic acid content among the fractions. The protection of microglial cells by acai pulp extracts, particularly that of MEOH, ETOH, and ACE fractions, was also accompanied by a significant concentration-dependent reduction in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). The current study offers valuable insights into the protective effects of acai pulp fractions on brain cells, which could have implications for improved cognitive and motor functions. C1 [Poulose, Shibu M.; Fisher, Derek R.; Bielinski, Donna F.; Carey, Amanda N.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Larson, Jessica] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Schauss, Alexander G.] AIBMR Life Sci, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Barbara.ShukittHale@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; AIBMR Life Sciences FX This research is supported by USDA Intramural grants and AIBMR Life Sciences. NR 45 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1093 DI 10.1021/jf203989k PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 894YD UT WOS:000300462500030 PM 22224493 ER PT J AU Lupton, SJ Huwe, JK Smith, DJ Dearfield, KL Johnston, JJ AF Lupton, Sara J. Huwe, Janice K. Smith, David J. Dearfield, Kerry L. Johnston, John J. TI Absorption and Excretion of C-14-Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Angus Cattle (Bos taurus) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanoic acid; beef cattle; absorption; elimination; pharmacokinetics; residues ID CHICKENS GALLUS-GALLUS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; HUMAN EXPOSURE; DIETARY-INTAKE; DISPOSITION; FOODS; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLATES AB Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are environmentally persistent industrial chemicals often found in biosolids. Application of these biosolids to pastures raises concern about the accumulation of PFOA in the edible tissues of food animals. Because data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of PFOA in cattle were unavailable, a study was conducted to determine pharmacokinetic parameters following a single oral exposure (1 mg/kg body weight of C-14-PFOA) in four Lowline Angus steers. Radiocarbon was quantified in blood, urine, and feces for 28 days and in tissues at the time of slaughter (28 days) by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) or by combustion analysis with LSC with confirmation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). C-14-PFOA was completely absorbed and excreted (100.7 +/- 3.3% recovery) in the urine within 9 days of dosing. The plasma elimination half-life was 19.2 +/- 3.3 h. No C-14-PFOA-derived radioactivity was detected in edible tissues. Although PFOA was rapidly absorbed, it was also rapidly excreted by steers and did not persist in edible tissues, suggesting meat from cattle exposed to an acute dose of PFOA is unlikely to be a major source of exposure to humans. C1 [Lupton, Sara J.; Huwe, Janice K.; Smith, David J.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Dearfield, Kerry L.] FSIS, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Johnston, John J.] FSIS, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM David.J.Smith@ars.usda.gov OI Lupton, Sara/0000-0002-4566-595X FU FSIS-ARS Interagency [FSIS-IA-9-102] FX Partial funding for this study was provided via FSIS-ARS Interagency Agreement FSIS-IA-9-102. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Agricultural Research Service, or the Food Safety and Inspection Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1134 DI 10.1021/jf2042505 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 894YD UT WOS:000300462500035 PM 22224442 ER PT J AU Diel, DG Susta, L Stivalis, CGA Killian, ML Brown, CC Miller, PJ Afonso, CL AF Diel, Diego G. Susta, Leonardo Stivalis, Cardenas Garcia A. Killian, Mary L. Brown, Corrie C. Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Complete Genome and Clinicopathological Characterization of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Isolate from South America SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; CLASS-I; CALIFORNIA; CHINA; CHICKENS; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; SIZE AB Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry, negatively affecting poultry production worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. Although all NDV isolates characterized to date belong to a single serotype of APMV-1, significant genetic diversity has been described between different NDV isolates. Here we present the complete genome sequence and the clinicopathological characterization of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate (NDV-Peru/08) obtained from poultry during an outbreak of ND in Peru in 2008. Phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis of the evolutionary distances between NDV-Peru/08 and other isolates representing established NDV genotypes revealed the existence of large genomic and amino differences that clearly distinguish this isolate from viruses of typical NDV genotypes. Although NDV-Peru/08 is a genetically distinct virus, pathogenesis studies conducted with chickens revealed that NDV-Peru/08 infection results in clinical signs characteristic of velogenic viscerotropic NDV strains. Additionally, vaccination studies have shown that an inactivated NDV-LaSota/46 vaccine conferred full protection from NDV-Peru/08-induced clinical disease and mortality. This represents the first complete characterization of a virulent NDV isolate from South America. C1 [Diel, Diego G.; Stivalis, Cardenas Garcia A.; Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Susta, Leonardo; Brown, Corrie C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stivalis, Cardenas Garcia A.] Invest Aplicada SA IASA, Puebla, Mexico. [Killian, Mary L.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM patti.miller@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [CRIS 6612-32000-049] FX This work was supported by USDA funding CRIS 6612-32000-049. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 BP 378 EP 387 DI 10.1128/JCM.06018-11 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888IV UT WOS:000299998000024 PM 22135263 ER EF