FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sales, MA Larson, MJ Reiter, ST Brown, AH Brown, MA Looper, ML Coffey, KP Rosenkrans, CF AF Sales, M. A. Larson, M. J. Reiter, S. T. Brown, A. H., Jr. Brown, M. A. Looper, M. L. Coffey, K. P. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Effects of bovine cytochrome P450 single-nucleotide polymorphism, forage type and body condition on production traits in cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body condition; cattle; cytochrome P450; fescue; forage; single-nucleotide polymorphisms ID GRAZING COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; INFECTED TALL FESCUE; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; RECIPROCAL-CROSS COWS; BEEF-CATTLE; ENDOCRINE FACTORS; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; HEAT-STRESS; GROWTH-RATE; OVARIAN AB Relating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to cows with acceptable productivity could benefit cattle breeders in areas where tall fescue is the predominant forage. This study aimed to (i) identify SNPs in bovine cytochrome P450 3A28 (CYP3A28) and (ii) determine the associations between SNP genotype, forage and cow body condition (BC). Genotype (CC, CG or GG) and forage [Kentucky-31 wild-type endophyte-infected tall fescue (KY+) vs. bermudagrass] effects on milk volume and quality were determined in Herd 1 cows (123 cows); in Herd 2 (99 cows), genotype and BC (low vs. moderate) effects on ovarian follicle size, calving date and calving per cent were determined; and in Herd 3 (114 cows), effects of genotype and fescue cultivar [KY+ vs. non-toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (HiMag4)] were related to calving per cent, calving date and weaning weights of both cow and her calf. A cytosine (C) to guanine (G) transversion at base 994 (C994G) in CYP3A28 was identified. There was a genotype x forage type interaction (p < 0.05) on milk protein in Herd 1 cows; CC cows grazing bermudagrass had greater milk protein percentage in relation to other cows in the herd. In Herd 2, BC and genotype x BC tended (p < 0.10) to influence follicle size and Julian calving date respectively. Diameter of the largest follicle tended to be larger in moderate BC than in low-BC cows; whereas, CC and CG cows in moderate BC and homozygous (CC and GG) cows in low BC tended to calve 14 days earlier in relation to CG cows in low BC. In Herd 3, there was a genotype x forage type interaction (p < 0.05) on calving per cent, Julian calving date and calf weaning weight. In this study, genetic alterations (G allele at C994G) coupled with nutritional factors (low BC and toxic tall fescue) resulted in overall lower productivity in cows. C1 [Sales, M. A.; Reiter, S. T.; Brown, A. H., Jr.; Coffey, K. P.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Larson, M. J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, M. A.] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Booneville, AR USA. RP Rosenkrans, CF (reprint author), 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, AFLS B107-E, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM crosenkr@uark.edu FU USDA-ARS; Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center [58-6227-8-040]; Student Undergraduate Research Fellowship Grant FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6227-8-040 and a Student Undergraduate Research Fellowship Grant. We thank Bobbie Okimoto, University of Arkansas DNA Resource Center, for technical assistance in gene sequencing. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01176.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 968IF UT WOS:000305970500001 PM 21668515 ER PT J AU Green, AS Tang, G Lango, J Klasing, KC Fascetti, AJ AF Green, A. S. Tang, G. Lango, J. Klasing, K. C. Fascetti, A. J. TI Domestic cats convert [H-2(8)]-beta-carotene to [H-2(4)]-retinol following a single oral dose SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE feline; carnivore; ss-carotene; vitamin A ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE ABSORPTION; RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; VITAMIN-A; BLOOD-PLASMA; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; DIETARY VITAMIN; IN-VIVO; CLEAVAGE AB Many animals convert beta-carotene to retinol to meet their vitamin A (VA) requirement. However, this pathway is inefficient in many carnivores. This study quantified the plasma response to a single oral dose of [2H8]-beta-carotene in adult domestic cats, including measurement of [2H4]-retinol derived from the dose. Cats were fed with either a control diet containing adequate VA (n = 5) or a VA-devoid diet (n = 5) for 28 days. An oral dose of either 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) (n = 4) or 10 mg/kg BW (n = 6) of [2H8]-beta-carotene was administered on day 28. Plasma samples were collected prior to dosing and at 6, 12, 24, 32, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 216 h post-dose. Plasma retinoids and beta-carotene were measured using HPLC and [2H4]-retinol by GC-ECNCI-MS (gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry). beta-carotene was undetectable in plasma prior to dosing. Post-dose, mean peak plasma beta-carotene was 0.37 +/- 0.06 nmol/ml at 9.0 +/- 1.8 h following the dose, while [2H4]-retinol peaked at 3.71 +/- 0.69 pmol/ml at 55.2 +/- 16.3 h. The ratio per cent of total area under the curve for [2H4]-retinol compared with the beta-carotene response was 4.6 +/- 2.6%. There was little effect of diet or dose on the beta-carotene or [2H4]-retinol responses. The appearance of [2H4]-retinol in plasma indicates that cats are capable of converting beta-carotene to active VA. Conversion efficiency was not calculated in this study, but it is likely inadequate to meet cats VA requirement without the inclusion of preformed VA in the diet. C1 [Green, A. S.; Lango, J.; Fascetti, A. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tang, G.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Klasing, K. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fascetti, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajfascetti@ucdavis.edu FU American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition/Waltham Research Grant; Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CA, Davis; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX This study was funded by grants from the American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition/Waltham Research Grant and the Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CA, Davis, to AJF. This material is based on work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (to A. S. G.). The authors wish to thank Debbie Bee, Cecilia Villaverde, and Alfreda Wei for assistance in caring for the cats; Chris Calvert and Kimberly Livingston for help with the HPLC analyses; and Tawanda Muzhingi for conducting the GC-ECNCI-MS analyses. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01196.x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 968IF UT WOS:000305970500018 ER PT J AU Chow, A Chau, A Heinz, KM AF Chow, A. Chau, A. Heinz, K. M. TI Reducing fertilization: a management tactic against western flower thrips on roses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyseius swirskii; Frankliniella occidentalis; Rosa hybrida; biological control; floriculture; pest management; predatory mite ID 2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS THYSANOPTERA; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; HOST-PLANT; CHRYSANTHEMUM; POPULATIONS; GREENHOUSE; HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; PERFORMANCE AB Fertilization reduction could be a useful pest management tactic for floriculture crops if it reduced pest populations with minimal impact on crop yield and quality. We evaluated the response of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to different fertilization levels for cut roses, Rosa hybrida L. cv. Tropicana, and quantified fertilization effects on (i) abundance of F.similar to occidentalis on cut roses, (ii) biological control of F.similar to occidentalis on cut roses and (iii) nutritional quality of the cut flower crop. We tested a commercially available fertilizer (Peters Excel 15-5-15 Cal-Mag; The Scotts Company, Marysville, OH) at 100% and 33% of the recommended nitrogen level (150 ppm N) for rose production using liquid-feeding and two control measures: no thrips control measure; release of a predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot). To maintain equivalent ratios of macro- and micronutrients for all our fertilizer treatments, we varied only the concentration of the fertilizer to the levels specified in our experiments. Lowering fertilization rate from 100% to 33% of the recommended level reduced mean F.similar to occidentalis abundance on cut roses by 30%. Combinations of both bottom-up (fertilization) and top-down (biological control) tactics provided better F.similar to occidentalis control than either tactic alone. Flower production was not compromised on plants fertilized with 33% of the recommended level. Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of the leaf tissue decreased at 33% of the recommended fertilization level, but all values were within optimal ranges for cut roses. We propose that fertility management may be an effective means of reducing thrips numbers on cut roses. C1 [Chow, A.; Chau, A.; Heinz, K. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Chow, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM achow979@gmail.com FU USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative [58-6204-0-0106, 58-6204-5-0033]; K.M. Heinz Ornamental and Nursery Crop Endowment FX The authors thank both Peter Krauter and Bradley Green for their technical support. We are grateful to Ran-Pro Farms, Inc. for donating the bare-root rose plants used in our study. Financial support was provided in part by the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (Agreement no. 58-6204-0-0106 and 58-6204-5-0033) and the K.M. Heinz Ornamental and Nursery Crop Endowment. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 136 IS 7 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01674.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 967GR UT WOS:000305895200005 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, W. L. TI Detection of Rhagoletis indifferens (Dipt., Tephritidae) larvae using brown sugar flotation and hot water methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown sugar flotation; hot water method; Rhagoletis indifferens; sweet cherry; systems approach ID METHYL-BROMIDE; EFFICIENCY; CHERRIES; SOILS; FUMIGATION; EXTRACTION; QUALITY; SAMPLES AB The brown sugar flotation and hot water methods are accepted procedures for detecting larval western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, in sweet cherry [Prunus avium (L.) L.] and could be included in a systems approach, a combination of all steps involved in cherry production, for showing the absence of larvae in fruit. The methods require crushing cherries and then submerging them in brown sugar solution or hot water to extract the larvae. Larvae are visually detected when they float to the surface of the brown sugar solution or sink in the hot water. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of these two methods. Both methods detected at least one larva in all 288 moderately to heavily infested cherry samples. The brown sugar flotation and hot water methods detected 89.694.7% and 83.085.9% of total larvae, respectively, from cherry samples on each of three dates. Significantly higher percentages of 1st instars were detected using the brown sugar than hot water method on two dates, of 3rd instars on one date and of total larvae on two dates. Percent detection of 3rd instars was higher than that of 1st instars using both methods. For both methods, greater percentages of split whole cherries with seeds and non-split cherries had larvae than split whole cherries with no seeds and halved cherries. Results show that both methods were equally efficacious in detecting the presence of R.similar to indifferens larvae in cherry samples, but brown sugar flotation was more efficacious than the hot water method in detecting a higher percentage of total larvae present and could be integrated into a systems approach for R.similar to indifferens. C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov FU Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA-FAS) FX I thank Francis Jahnsen for constructing the cherry crusher, Janine Jewett, Peter Chapman, Meralee Nash (USDA-ARS), and Robert Goughnour (Washington State University) for invaluable assistance with testing and evaluations, Jerry Gefre (USDA-ARS) for maintaining the cherry orchard at Moxee, Mike Willett (Northwest Horticultural Council) and Jim Archer (Northwest Fruit Exporters) for assistance with initial phases of the study, James Hansen (USDA-ARS), Judy Macias (APHIS), and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript, and the Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA-FAS) for funding. This article reports results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by USDA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 136 IS 7 BP 549 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01672.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 967GR UT WOS:000305895200008 ER PT J AU Dey, KK Lin, H Borth, WB Melzer, MJ Hu, JS AF Dey, K. K. Lin, Hong Borth, W. B. Melzer, M. J. Hu, J. S. TI A highly sensitive single-tube nested PCR assay for the detection of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-2 (PMWaV-2) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PMWaV-2; STDP-TaqMan (R) qPCR; Nested PCR; RT-PCR; Ampelovirus; Plant viruses ID MEALYBUG WILT; GENOME ORGANIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PINEAPPLE; VIRUS; CLOSTEROVIRUS; AMPELOVIRUSES; DIVERSITY; DISEASE AB An assay was developed for the detection of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-2 (PMWaV-2), an important factor in the etiology of mealybug wilt of pineapple. The assay combines reverse transcription of RNA isolated from pineapple with a specific and very sensitive, single, closed-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a segment of the coat protein gene of the PMWaV-2. The outer primers were designed to anneal at higher temperatures than the nested primers to prevent primer competition in consecutive amplification reactions. To reduce potential competition further, the outer primers were used at one-thousandth the concentration of the nested primers. The specificity and sensitivity of this assay are much greater than PCR using only a single primer-pair. A TaqMan (R) probe was also designed for use in quantitative PCR to detect and quantify the PCR amplification products directly in a single-tube assay. The advantages of the single-tube assays using both conventional and quantitative PCR are reduced handling time and prevention of cross contamination compared to regular nested PCR in which the reactions are carried out in two separate tubes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dey, K. K.; Borth, W. B.; Melzer, M. J.; Hu, J. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lin, Hong] ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM johnhu@hawaii.edu FU Tropical/Subtropical Agricultural Research Program [HAW00985-10145] FX The research project was funded in part, by a grant through the Tropical/Subtropical Agricultural Research Program (Project No. HAW00985-10145). NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2012 VL 183 IS 2 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.025 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 966VQ UT WOS:000305865900017 PM 22484612 ER PT J AU Ipcho, SVS Hane, JK Antoni, EA Ahren, D Henrissat, B Friesen, TL Solomon, PS Oliver, RP AF Ipcho, Simon V. S. Hane, James K. Antoni, Eva A. Ahren, Dag Henrissat, Bernard Friesen, Timothy L. Solomon, Peter S. Oliver, Richard P. TI Transcriptome analysis of Stagonospora nodorum: gene models, effectors, metabolism and pantothenate dispensability SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; RICE BLAST FUNGUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PATHOGENIC FUNGI; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; PTR TOXA; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA AB The wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum, causal organism of the wheat disease Stagonospora nodorum blotch, has emerged as a model for the Dothideomycetes, a large fungal taxon that includes many important plant pathogens. The initial annotation of the genome assembly included 16 586 nuclear gene models. These gene models were used to design a microarray that has been interrogated with labelled transcripts from six cDNA samples: four from infected wheat plants at time points spanning early infection to sporulation, and two time points taken from growth in artificial media. Positive signals of expression were obtained for 12 281 genes. This represents strong corroborative evidence of the validity of these gene models. Significantly differential expression between the various time points was observed. When infected samples were compared with axenic cultures, 2882 genes were expressed at a higher level in planta and 3630 were expressed more highly in vitro. Similar numbers were differentially expressed between different developmental stages. The earliest time points in planta were particularly enriched in differentially expressed genes. A disproportionate number of the early expressed gene products were predicted to be secreted, but otherwise had no obvious sequence homology to functionally characterized genes. These genes are candidate necrotrophic effectors. We have focused attention on genes for carbohydrate metabolism and the specific biosynthetic pathways active during growth in planta. The analysis points to a very dynamic adjustment of metabolism during infection. Functional analysis of a gene in the coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway showed that the enzyme was dispensable for growth, indicating that a precursor is supplied by the plant. C1 [Oliver, Richard P.] Curtin Univ Technol, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathol, Dept Environm & Agr, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia. [Ipcho, Simon V. S.; Hane, James K.; Antoni, Eva A.] Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Hane, James K.] CSIRO Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Div Plant Ind, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. [Ahren, Dag] Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Henrissat, Bernard] CNRS, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Henrissat, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Friesen, Timothy L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Solomon, Peter S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Oliver, RP (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathol, Dept Environm & Agr, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia. EM richard.oliver@curtin.edu.au RI Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Hane, James/A-7062-2011; Ip Cho, Simon /G-2591-2014; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI Hane, James/0000-0002-7651-0977; Ip Cho, Simon /0000-0001-6342-0545; Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 FU Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation [UMU00022] FX This research was supported by the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation through grant UMU00022. We thank Professor Dave Berger for scientific input. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 BP 531 EP 545 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00770.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 968RV UT WOS:000306003000001 PM 22145589 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Burkey, KO Jones, AM AF Booker, Fitzgerald L. Burkey, Kent O. Jones, Alan M. TI Re-evaluating the role of ascorbic acid and phenolic glycosides in ozone scavenging in the leaf apoplast of Arabidopsis thaliana L. SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; flavonoids; kaempferol; reactive oxygen; sinapoyl malate; vitamin C ID SPINACIA-OLERACEA L; PLANT-CELL WALL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; REDOX STATE; L LEAVES; METABOLISM; FLAVONOIDS; RESPONSES; MUTANTS AB Phenolic glycosides are effective reactive oxygen scavengers and peroxidase substrates, suggesting that compounds in addition to ascorbate may have functional importance in defence responses against ozone (O3), especially in the leaf apoplast. The apoplastic concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) and phenolic glycosides in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Col-0 wild-type plants were determined following exposure to a range of O3 concentrations (5, 125 or 175 nL L-1) in controlled environment chambers. AA in leaf apoplast extracts was almost entirely oxidized in all treatments, suggesting that O3 scavenging by direct reactions with reduced AA was very limited. In regard to phenolics, O3 stimulated transcription of numerous phenylpropanoid pathway genes and increased the apoplastic concentration of sinapoyl malate. However, modelling of O3 scavenging in the apoplast indicated that sinapoyl malate concentrations were too low to be effective protectants. Furthermore, null mutants for sinapoyl esters (fah1-7), kaempferol glycosides (tt4-1) and the double mutant (tt4-1/fah1-7) were equally sensitive to chronic O3 as Ler-0 wild-type plants. These results indicate that current understanding of O3 defence schemes deserves reassessment as mechanisms other than direct scavenging of O3 by extracellular AA and antioxidant activity of some phenolics may predominate in some plant species. C1 [Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Burkey, Kent O.] USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Jones, Alan M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jones, Alan M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM fitz.booker@ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM065989] NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1456 EP 1466 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02502.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 968SV UT WOS:000306006000009 PM 22380512 ER PT J AU Mirik, M Ansley, RJ Michels, GJ Elliott, NC AF Mirik, M. Ansley, R. J. Michels, G. J., Jr. Elliott, N. C. TI Spectral vegetation indices selected for quantifying Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) feeding damage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Stress detection; Site-specific insect management; Insect infestation; Hot spots ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LEAF REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; WINTER-WHEAT; HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; PLANT STRESS; NITROGEN DEFICIENCY; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; SUSCEPTIBLE WHEAT AB The effects of insect infestation in agricultural crops are of major economic interest because of increased cost of pest control and reduced final yield. The Russian wheat aphid (RWA: Diuraphis noxia) feeding damage (RWAFD), referred to as "hot spots", can be traced, indentified, and isolated from uninfested areas for site specific RWA control using remote sensing techniques. Our objectives were to (1) examine the use of spectral reflectance characteristics and changes in selected spectral vegetation indices to discern infested and uninfested wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by RWA and (2) quantify the relationship between spectral vegetation indices and RWAFD. The RWA infestations were investigated in irrigated, dryland, and greenhouse growing wheat and spectral reflectance was measured using a field radiometer with nine discrete spectral channels. Paired t test comparisons of percent reflectance made for RWA-infested and uninfested wheat yielded significant differences in the visible and near infrared parts of the spectrum. Values of selected indices were significantly reduced due to RWAFD compared to uninfested wheat. Simple linear regression analyses showed that there were robust relationships between RWAFD and spectral vegetation indices with coefficients of determination (r (2)) ranging from 0.62 to 0.90 for irrigated wheat, from 0.50 to 0.87 for dryland wheat, and from 0.84 to 0.87 for the greenhouse experiment. These results indicate that remotely sensed data have high potential to identify and separate "hot spots" from uninfested areas for site specific RWA control. C1 [Mirik, M.; Ansley, R. J.] Texas AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Michels, G. J., Jr.] Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Elliott, N. C.] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Mirik, M (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, 11708 Highway 70 S, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM mustafamirik@gmail.com FU USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Program [500-44-012-00] FX Our special thanks to Karl Steddom, Robert Bowling, and Roxanne Bowling for their help and beneficial discussion. We are thankful to Johnny Bible, Robert Villarreal, David Jones, Joy Newton, Sabina Mirik, Daniel Jiminez, and Timothy Johnson for technical assistance. This study was funded by the USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Program. Project Number: 500-44-012-00. We also express our thanks to the two anonymous reviewers and editors who made critical suggestions and comments to improve the manuscript. NR 81 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 13 IS 4 BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.1007/s11119-012-9264-7 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 968DA UT WOS:000305956000006 ER PT J AU Follett, PA Weinert, ED AF Follett, Peter A. Weinert, Eric D. TI Phytosanitary irradiation of fresh tropical commodities in Hawaii: Generic treatments, commercial adoption, and current issues SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP) CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Aerial CRT, ASTM, Beijing SQHL Rad Eng Tech Co Ltd, Best Theratron, E-BEAM Serv, Etigam bv, Far W Technol, Inc, Gamma-Serv Recycling GmbH, Gammarad Italia, GETINGE LINAC Technol, GEX Corp, Harwell Dosimeters Ltd, IBA Ind, iiA, Ionisos, Isotron Ltd, Johnson & Johnson, Konnexis Inc, Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), NAMSA, NHV Corp, Nordion Inc, RCA Reg Off, REVISS Serv (UK) Ltd, Sterigen Int Inc, STERIS Isomedix Serv, Steritech Pty Ltd, Panel Gamma & Electron Irradiat, Tongxing (Beijing) Nucl Technol DE Phytosanitary treatment; Quarantine pests; Sweetpotato; Generic doses; Labeling; Radiation ID IONIZING-RADIATION; LEPIDOPTERA; FRUITS; DIASPIDIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB Hawaii is a pioneer in the use of phytosanitary irradiation. The commercial X-ray irradiation facility, Hawaii Pride LLC, has been shipping papaya and other tropical fruits and vegetables to the United States mainland using irradiation for 11 years. Irradiation is an approved treatment to control quarantine pests in 17 fruits and 7 vegetables for export from Hawaii to the US mainland. Hawaiian purple sweet potato is the highest volume product with annual exports of more than 12 million lbs (5500 t). The advent of generic radiation treatments for tephritid fruit flies (150 Gy) and other insects (400 Gy) will accelerate commodity export approvals and facilitate worldwide adoption. Lowering doses for specific pests and commodities can lower treatment costs and increase capacity owing to shorter treatment times, and will minimize any quality problems. Current impediments to wider adoption include the 1 kGy limit for fresh horticultural products, the labeling requirement, and non-acceptance of phytosanitary irradiation in Japan, the European Union, and elsewhere. Irradiation has potential as a treatment for unregulated imports to prevent new pest incursions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Follett, Peter A.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Weinert, Eric D.] Hawaii Pride LLC, Keaau, HI 96749 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1064 EP 1067 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.12.007 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 969HH UT WOS:000306045800036 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Guan, WQ Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, Xuetong Guan, Wenqiang Sokorai, Kimberly J. B. TI Quality of fresh-cut Iceberg lettuce and spinach irradiated at doses up to 4 kGy SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP) CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Aerial CRT, ASTM, Beijing SQHL Rad Eng Tech Co Ltd, Best Theratron, E-BEAM Serv, Etigam bv, Far W Technol, Inc, Gamma-Serv Recycling GmbH, Gammarad Italia, GETINGE LINAC Technol, GEX Corp, Harwell Dosimeters Ltd, IBA Ind, iiA, Ionisos, Isotron Ltd, Johnson & Johnson, Konnexis Inc, Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), NAMSA, NHV Corp, Nordion Inc, RCA Reg Off, REVISS Serv (UK) Ltd, Sterigen Int Inc, STERIS Isomedix Serv, Steritech Pty Ltd, Panel Gamma & Electron Irradiat, Tongxing (Beijing) Nucl Technol DE Lettuce; Spinach; Sogginess; Browning; Sensory evaluation; Purchase intent ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE; BABY SPINACH; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; SHELF-LIFE; RADIATION; COMBINATION; SALMONELLA; REDUCTION; ROMAINE AB Fresh-cut Iceberg lettuce packaged in modified atmosphere packages and spinach in perforated film bags were irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kGy. After irradiation, the samples were stored for 14 days at 4 degrees C. O-2 levels in the packages of fresh-cut Iceberg lettuce decreased and CO2 levels increased with increasing radiation dose, suggesting that irradiation increased respiration rates of lettuce. Tissue browning of irradiated cut lettuce was less severe than that of non-irradiated, probably due to the lower O-2 levels in the packages. However, samples irradiated at 3 and 4 kGy had lower maximum force and more severe sogginess than the non-irradiated control. In addition, ascorbic acid content of irradiated lettuce was 22-40% lower than the non-irradiated samples after 14 days of storage. The visual appearance of spinach was not affected by irradiation even at a dose of 4 kGy. Consumer acceptance suggested that more people would dislike and would not buy spinach that was treated at 3 and 4 kGy as compared to the non-irradiated sample. Overall, irradiation at doses of 1 and 2 kGy may be employed to enhance microbial safety of fresh-cut Iceberg lettuce and spinach while maintaining quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Sokorai, Kimberly J. B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Guan, Wenqiang] Natl Engn & Technol Res Ctr Preservat Agr Prod, Tianjin Key Lab Postharvest Physiol & Storage Agr, Tianjin 300384, Peoples R China. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1071 EP 1075 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.022 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 969HH UT WOS:000306045800038 ER PT J AU Yun, J Li, XH Fan, XT Tang, Y Xiao, Y Wan, S AF Yun, Juan Li, Xihong Fan, Xuetong Tang, Yao Xiao, Yao Wan, Sen TI Effect of gamma irradiation on microbial load, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merrill) SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP) CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Aerial CRT, ASTM, Beijing SQHL Rad Eng Tech Co Ltd, Best Theratron, E-BEAM Serv, Etigam bv, Far W Technol, Inc, Gamma-Serv Recycling GmbH, Gammarad Italia, GETINGE LINAC Technol, GEX Corp, Harwell Dosimeters Ltd, IBA Ind, iiA, Ionisos, Isotron Ltd, Johnson & Johnson, Konnexis Inc, Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), NAMSA, NHV Corp, Nordion Inc, RCA Reg Off, REVISS Serv (UK) Ltd, Sterigen Int Inc, STERIS Isomedix Serv, Steritech Pty Ltd, Panel Gamma & Electron Irradiat, Tongxing (Beijing) Nucl Technol DE Irradiation; Soybean; Microbial load; Physicochemical activities; Sensory characteristics ID RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; IONIZING-RADIATION; VIGNA-RADIATA; QUALITY; TOCOPHEROL; PHASEOLUS; SOAKING; PROTEIN; BEANS AB Gamma irradiation is highly effective in inactivating microorganisms in various foods and offers a safe alternative method of food decontamination. In the present study, soybeans (Glycine max L Merrill) were treated with 0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 KGy of gamma irradiation. Microbial populations on soybeans, isoflavone, tocopherol contents, raffinose family oligosaccharides, color and sensory properties were evaluated as a function of irradiation dose. The results indicated that gamma irradiation reduced aerobic bacterial and fungal load. Irradiation at the doses applied did not cause any significant change (p > 0.05) in the contents of isoflavone of soybeans, but decreased tocopherol contents. The content of key flatulence-producing raffinose family oligosaccharides in irradiated soybeans (10.0 kGy) decreased by 82.1% compared to the control. Sensory analysis showed that the odor of the soybeans was organoleptically acceptable at doses up to 5.0 kGy and no significant differences were observed between irradiated and nonirradiated samples in flavor, texture and color after irradiation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yun, Juan; Li, Xihong; Tang, Yao; Xiao, Yao; Wan, Sen] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Food Nutr & Safety, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Fan, Xuetong] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Li, XH (reprint author), Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Food Nutr & Safety, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. EM yunjuan_1@163.com RI Yun, Juan/E-4164-2016 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1198 EP 1202 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.030 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 969HH UT WOS:000306045800072 ER PT J AU Bustos-Griffin, E Hallman, GJ Griffin, RL AF Bustos-Griffin, Emilia Hallman, Guy J. Griffin, Robert L. TI Current and potential trade in horticultural products irradiated for phytosanitary purposes SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP) CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Aerial CRT, ASTM, Beijing SQHL Rad Eng Tech Co Ltd, Best Theratron, E-BEAM Serv, Etigam bv, Far W Technol, Inc, Gamma-Serv Recycling GmbH, Gammarad Italia, GETINGE LINAC Technol, GEX Corp, Harwell Dosimeters Ltd, IBA Ind, iiA, Ionisos, Isotron Ltd, Johnson & Johnson, Konnexis Inc, Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), NAMSA, NHV Corp, Nordion Inc, RCA Reg Off, REVISS Serv (UK) Ltd, Sterigen Int Inc, STERIS Isomedix Serv, Steritech Pty Ltd, Panel Gamma & Electron Irradiat, Tongxing (Beijing) Nucl Technol DE Phytosanitary irradiation; Horticultural products; International trade AB The current status of trade in horticultural products irradiated for phytosanitary purposes is examined, including trends, strengths and weaknesses. A strategy is proposed to take advantage of the best future opportunities for increasing trade in irradiated horticultural products by identifying best possibilities for expanding both the number and volume of commodities for irradiation and then applying appropriate business criteria in a general analysis of the commodities, commercial scenarios, and geographic regions where the greatest potential exists for expansion. The results show that fresh fruits such as mango, papaya, citrus, grapes, and vegetables such as tomatoes, onions, asparagus, garlic, and peppers from Asia and the Americas show the greatest potential. Substantial opportunities for additional growth exist, especially as regulatory conditions become more favorable. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallman, Guy J.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Griffin, Robert L.] USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Bustos-Griffin, E (reprint author), 172 Roan Dr, Garner, NC 27529 USA. EM emiliagriffin@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1203 EP 1207 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.12.049 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 969HH UT WOS:000306045800073 ER PT J AU Vu, KD Hollingsworth, RG Salmieri, S Takala, PN Lacroix, M AF Vu, K. D. Hollingsworth, R. G. Salmieri, S. Takala, P. N. Lacroix, M. TI Development of bioactive coatings based on gamma-irradiated proteins to preserve strawberries SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP) CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Aerial CRT, ASTM, Beijing SQHL Rad Eng Tech Co Ltd, Best Theratron, E-BEAM Serv, Etigam bv, Far W Technol, Inc, Gamma-Serv Recycling GmbH, Gammarad Italia, GETINGE LINAC Technol, GEX Corp, Harwell Dosimeters Ltd, IBA Ind, iiA, Ionisos, Isotron Ltd, Johnson & Johnson, Konnexis Inc, Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), NAMSA, NHV Corp, Nordion Inc, RCA Reg Off, REVISS Serv (UK) Ltd, Sterigen Int Inc, STERIS Isomedix Serv, Steritech Pty Ltd, Panel Gamma & Electron Irradiat, Tongxing (Beijing) Nucl Technol DE Gamma irradiation; Bioactive coating; Antimicrobial agents; Preservation; Strawberries ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; ESSENTIAL OILS; EDIBLE FILMS; FRUITS; GRAPES AB Gamma irradiation was applied for creating cross-linked proteins to enhance the physicochemical properties of edible films made of calcium caseinate, whey protein isolate and glycerol. The characteristics of gamma irradiated cross-linked proteins were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. A second derivative spectra exhibited changes in band intensities that were correlated to an increase of beta-sheet structure and a decrease of alpha-helix and unordered fractions of gamma irradiated-crosslinked proteins as compared to the control without irradiation. Furthermore, on addition of methylcellulose to the irradiated protein matrix it was found that it has potential in enhancing the puncture strength and has no detrimental effect on water vapor permeability of protein based films. Finally, these film formulations were used as bioactive edible coatings containing natural antimicrobial agents (limonene and peppermint) to preserve the shelf life of fresh strawberries during storage. The bioactive coatings containing peppermint was found to be more efficient as preserving coatings than the formulations containing limonene. Irradiated proteins/methylcellulose/peppermint formulation had only 40% of decay at day 8 while it was 65% for the control. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vu, K. D.; Salmieri, S.; Takala, P. N.; Lacroix, M.] Univ Quebec, Inst Armand Frappier, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Laval, PQ H7V 1B7, Canada. [Hollingsworth, R. G.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Lacroix, M (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Armand Frappier, Inst Natl Rech Sci, 531 Boul Prairies, Laval, PQ H7V 1B7, Canada. EM Monique.Lacroix@iaf.inrs.ca NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1211 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.071 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 969HH UT WOS:000306045800075 ER PT J AU Lee, KW Lillehoj, HS Jang, SI Pages, M Bautista, DA Pope, CR Ritter, GD Lillehoj, EP Neumann, AP Siragusa, GR AF Lee, Kyung Woo Lillehoj, Hyun S. Jang, Seung I. Pages, Marc Bautista, Daniel A. Pope, Conrad R. Ritter, G. Donald Lillehoj, Erik P. Neumann, Anthony P. Siragusa, Gregory R. TI Effects of in ovo vaccination and anticoccidials on the distribution of Eimeria spp. in poultry litter and serum antibody titers against coccidia in broiler chickens raised on the used litters SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coccidia; Eimeria; Antibody response; Broiler chicken; Poultry litter ID GANGRENOUS DERMATITIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; PREVALENCE; ACERVULINA; FARMS; RESPONSES; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE AB The present study reports the effects of various field anticoccidial programs on the distribution of Eimeria spp. in poultry litter and serum antibody titers against coccidia in broiler chickens raised on the used litters. The programs included in ovo vaccination and various medications with either chemicals, ionophores, or both. In general, serum samples from these chickens showed anticoccidial antibody titers when tested at days 7 and 14 post hatch with the peak response at day 43. Serum anticoccidial titers were highest in birds fed a non-medicated diet compared with those vaccinated or fed medicated diets. Total number of Eimeria oocysts and the composition of Eimeria spp. present in the litter samples from different treatment groups varied depending on the type of anticoccidial program. Oocyst counts in general ranged from 3.7 x 10(3) to 7.0 x 10(4) per g of litter. Importantly, both morphological and molecular typing studies revealed four major predominant Eimeria spp., E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. praecox, and E. tenella in the litter samples. Collectively, these results indicate that the field anticoccidial programs influenced the type and abundance of Eimeria spp. present in the litter samples and also modulated host immune response to Eimeria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Kyung Woo; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Jang, Seung I.; Pages, Marc] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bautista, Daniel A.] Univ Delaware, Lasher Poultry Diagnost Lab, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. [Pope, Conrad R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ritter, G. Donald] Mountaire Farms Inc, Millsboro, DE 19966 USA. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Neumann, Anthony P.; Siragusa, Gregory R.] Danisco, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Danisco; ARS [1265-32000-086-00D] FX This project was supported by a Trust agreement established between ARS-USDA and Danisco and partially by the ARS in-house project 1265-32000-086-00D. We thank Marjorie Nichols and Stacy Torreyson for their technical assistance. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.005 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 966QJ UT WOS:000305852200035 PM 21641010 ER PT J AU Molina-Lopez, R Cabezon, O Pabon, M Darwich, L Obon, E Lopez-Gatius, F Dubey, JP Almeria, S AF Molina-Lopez, R. Cabezon, O. Pabon, M. Darwich, L. Obon, E. Lopez-Gatius, F. Dubey, J. P. Almeria, S. TI High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in the Common raven (Corvus corax) in the Northeast of Spain SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Common ravens; Seroprevalence; Neospora caninum; Toxoplasma gondii ID WILD BIRDS; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; DOMESTICUS; ANTIBODIES; FRANCE AB In recent years, multiple cases of aggressive behavior of Common ravens (Corvus corax) have been reported by farmers in Catalonia (NE Spain), including attacking of newborn animals and consumption of dead foetuses. In the present study, seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum was determined from 113 legally trapped and released Common ravens. T. gondii antibodies were found in 91(80.5%; Cl 95%:72-87) of 113 sera tested by the modified agglutination test. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 24(35.8%; IC 95%: 24.5-48.5) of 67 Common ravens tested by an indirect fluorescence antibody test with titers ranging from 1:50 (n = 18) to >= 1:100 (n = 6). To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies in C. corax. The seroprevalence detected is one of the highest reported worldwide in wild birds, suggesting an important role for this species in the epidemiology of both parasites. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pabon, M.; Darwich, L.; Almeria, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Sanitat & Anat Anim, Fac Med Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Molina-Lopez, R.; Obon, E.] Direccio Gen Medi Nat Forestal Catalana, Ctr Fauna Salvatge Torreferrussa, Catalan Wildlife Serv, SA, Santa Perpetua De La Mog, Spain. [Cabezon, O.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Serv Ecopatol Fauna Salvatge SEFaS, Fac Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Darwich, L.; Almeria, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim CReSA, Fac Med Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez-Gatius, F.] Univ Lleida, Dept Anim Prod, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agraria, Lleida, Spain. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Almeria, S (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Sanitat & Anat Anim, Fac Med Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM Sonia.Almeria@uab.cat RI Sanz, Mar/G-2116-2011; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; Darwich, Laila/F-5330-2016; OI Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Darwich, Laila/0000-0001-9027-9452; Lopez-Gatius, Fernando/0000-0002-6857-9739 FU Spanish CICYT [AGL2007-65521 C02/GAN] FX This study received partial support from the Spanish CICYT Grant AGL2007-65521 C02/GAN. The authors thank Dr. Pita Gondim for the generous donation of chicken N. caninum positive control sera for IFAT. We thank all the staff of the Torreferrussa Rehabilitation Center for their devoted care of the patients. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 300 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.011 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 966QJ UT WOS:000305852200055 PM 21645913 ER PT J AU Chung, H Davis, M AF Chung, Hoyoung Davis, Michael TI PCR-RFLP of the Ovine Calpastatin Gene and its Association with Growth SO ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE Calpastatin; ovine; SNP; growth ID BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; TARGHEE SHEEP; MU-CALPAIN; POLYMORPHISMS; EXPRESSION; CARCASS; WEIGHT; PERFORMANCE; TENDERNESS AB This study was designed to investigate effects of the calpastatin (CAST) genotypes determined by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) on weight traits (birth, weaning, post-weaning weights and average daily gain). A total of 359 animals (116 purebred Polypay, 110 purebred Targhee and 133 crossbred sheep) born at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) were used. Selection of PCR primers for the bovine CAST gene was based on exons from 24 to 28 corresponded to a calcium binding domain. RFLP analysis with the Taq I restriction enzyme revealed 3 restriction sites at nucleotide positions 208, 467 and 1,198, resulting in fragments of 731, 467 (259 and 208) and 125 bp. After verification of individual sequences, differences revealed substitutions of nucleotides (A to G) at a nucleotide position 208 located in a non-coding region and newly identified sequences were submitted into GenBank with an accession number (AF285630). Genotypes were significantly associated with Birth weight (BW) and Average Daily Gain (ADG) and significant additive effects for BW and ADG and dominance effects for PW and ADG were estimated. The mixed breed revealed significantly high values for all traits comparing with purebreds, assuming that the maximized genetic effects were caused by heterosis. Analysis of breed compositions with genotypes revealed that 75% of Suffolk with AA genotypes and 50% of Targhee with BB genotypes showed significantly low PW. The calpastatin genotypes discovered by PCR-RFLP may explain variations of growth and be useful as genetic markers for a marker assisted selection program with BW and ADG. C1 [Chung, Hoyoung] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Cheonan 330801, South Korea. [Chung, Hoyoung] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20852 USA. [Davis, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chung, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Cheonan 333801, South Korea. RI Davis, Michael/K-6300-2012 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS INC PI NEW YORK PA 224 5TH AVENUE, NO. 2218, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1683-9919 J9 ASIAN J ANIM VET ADV JI Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 BP 641 EP 652 DI 10.3923/ajava.2012.641.652 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 964ST UT WOS:000305717700002 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Zhu, JY Hunt, CG Zhan, HY AF Wang, Q. Q. Zhu, J. Y. Hunt, C. G. Zhan, H. Y. TI Kinetics of adsorption, desorption, and re-adsorption of a commercial endoglucanase in lignocellulosic suspensions SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cellulase-binding kinetics; binding reversibility; adsorption; desorption; enzyme recycling; enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; BINDING; CELLULASES; SACCHARIFICATION; REVERSIBILITY; PRETREATMENT AB This study conducted quantitative kinetic modeling and in situ and temporally resolved measurements of adsorption, desorption, and re-adsorption of a commercial endoglucanase in lignocellulosic suspensions. The study defined a cellulase adsorption and desorption competition parameter, a pseudo rate of binding and desorption, binding and desorption capacity, as well as cellulase-binding reversibility (a thermodynamic property) and recyclability (a engineering parameter). The results indicate that both substrate chemical and physical structures play important roles in cellulase binding and desorption. Binding of a commercial cellulase onto a cellulosic substrate was reversible. Bindings to two different lignocellulosic substrates were almost irreversible. While lignin and its structure positively affect binding capacity to substrate, they negatively affect cellulase recyclability. Collapsing of substrate pores reduced cellulose accessibility and cellulase-binding capacity and increased reversibility and recyclability. Increasing temperature and pH increase cellulase desorption and increased binding reversibility and capacity. This study lays the foundation for developing effective cellulase recycling strategies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:19651975. 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wang, Q. Q.; Zhu, J. Y.; Hunt, C. G.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Wang, Q. Q.; Zhan, H. Y.] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI Wang, Qianqian/G-1915-2012; fu, shiyu/K-4213-2012 OI Wang, Qianqian/0000-0003-3514-455X; FU USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Competitive Grant [2011-67009-20056]; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) FX Contract grant sponsor: USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Competitive Grant; Contract grant number: 2011-67009-20056; Contract grant sponsor: Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1965 EP 1975 DI 10.1002/bit.24483 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 961GE UT WOS:000305451400010 PM 22383340 ER PT J AU Weerakoon, DMN Reardon, CL Paulitz, TC Izzo, AD Mazzola, M AF Weerakoon, D. Muditha N. Reardon, Catherine L. Paulitz, Timothy C. Izzo, Antonio D. Mazzola, Mark TI Long-term suppression of Pythium abappressorium induced by Brassica juncea seed meal amendment is biologically mediated SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Suppressive soil; Pythium; Trichoderma; Biofumigation ID APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DAMPING-OFF; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; CONTAINER MEDIA; PLANT-PATHOGENS; CAUSAL ROLE AB Evidence indicates that seed meal (SM) of Brassica juncea is an effective biofumigant against Pythium spp., an important biological component contributing to apple replant disease. However, the ability of this seed meal to provide disease control even after termination of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) emission suggested that unidentified mechanisms are also involved in suppression of certain pathogens in B. juncea SM-amended soil. When soils were infested with Pythium abappressorium 2-12 weeks after SM was applied, disease suppression was consistently observed in SM-treated soil. Bagging of soil for the initial 48 h after SM application, to simulate tarping of soil in the field, enhanced disease control. Application of SM either as coarse or fine particles produced similar effects on disease suppression. B. juncea SM amendment also suppressed the proliferation of P. abappressorium observed in Brassica napus SM-treated soils at a time point well after AITC emission from soils was no longer detected. Pasteurization of SM-amended soil eliminated soil suppressiveness toward this pathogen, demonstrating the important contribution of the soil microbiota to the disease control attained in AITC evacuated soil. Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism profiles obtained for 18S rDNA from fungal communities associated with SM-amended and non-amended soil demonstrated distinct variation in terms of composition. Visible changes in fungal community composition in SM-treated soils were also observed, and analyses indicated the preferential proliferation of Trichoderma spp. in SM-treated soils. These findings suggest that modification of the resident fungal community in SM-amended soil may contribute to the observed long-term suppressiveness of B. juncea SM-amended soils toward apple root infection by P. abappressorium. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Weerakoon, D. Muditha N.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Izzo, Antonio D.; Mazzola, Mark] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Paulitz, Timothy C.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biocontrol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mark.mazzola@ars.usda.gov OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU USDA NIFA Integrated Organic Grants Program FX This work was funded in part through a grant to M. Mazzola from the USDA NIFA Integrated Organic Grants Program. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 51 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.027 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 965MM UT WOS:000305771900005 ER PT J AU Decock, C Chung, H Venterea, R Gray, SB Leakey, ADB Six, J AF Decock, Charlotte Chung, Haegeun Venterea, Rodney Gray, Sharon B. Leakey, Andrew D. B. Six, Johan TI Elevated CO2 and O-3 modify N turnover rates, but not N2O emissions in a soybean agroecosystem SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Natural abundance stable isotopes; Nitrous oxide; Climate change; Greenhouse gases; N-budget; Agroecosystem; Soybean ID SOIL-NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OZONE CONCENTRATION; MEADOW ECOSYSTEM; GREENHOUSE GASES; OXIDE EMISSIONS; ENRICHMENT FACE; AIR; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB In order to predict and mitigate future climate change, it is essential to understand plant-mediated effects of elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) and O-3 (eO(3)) on N-cycling, including N2O emissions. This is of particular interest for agroecosystems. since N-cycling and N2O emissions are responsive to adaptive management. We investigated the interaction of soil moisture content with eCO(2) and eO(3) on potential N2O emissions from SoyFACE during a 28-day laboratory incubation experiment. We also assessed field N2O fluxes during 2 soybean-growing seasons. In addition, we sought to link previously observed changes in soybean growth and production to belowground processes over a longer time scale by analyzing changes in natural abundance stable isotope ratios of soil N (delta N-15). This method relies on the concept that soil delta N-15 can only change when inputs or outputs with an isotope signature different from that of soil N are altered. We found no major effects of eCO(2) and eO(3) on laboratory and field measured N2O emissions. Natural abundance isotope analyses suggested, however, a decrease in belowground allocation of biologically fixed N in combination with decreased total gaseous N loss by eCO(2), resulting in a tighter N cycle in the longer-term. In contrast, the isotope data suggested an increase in belowground allocation of biologically fixed N under eO(3), leading to increased gaseous N loss, most likely in the form of N-2. Given that effects of eCO(2) and eO(3) on N pools and instantaneous transformation rates in surface soil layers of this agroecosystem have been minimal, our results illustrate the importance of evaluating longer-term changes in N turnover rates. We conclude that eCO(2) decelerates whereas eO(3) accelerates N-cycling in the longer-term, but feedback through changed N2O emissions is not occurring in this soybean system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Decock, Charlotte; Six, Johan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chung, Haegeun] Konkuk Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Venterea, Rodney] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gray, Sharon B.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gray, Sharon B.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Decock, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cldecock@ucdavis.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X FU United States National Science Foundation; Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (CFAR); U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service; DOE through the Office of Science (BER) Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University. FX We acknowledge Timothy A. Mies, Jamie Howard, Jesse McGrath, Charlie Mitsdarfer, Steve Long and Donald Ort for maintaining and operating the SoyFACE experimental site. We are grateful for help with soil sampling and laboratory analyses by Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, Khoi Minh Chau, Robert Rousseau. Furthermore, many thanks to Nick Morphew and Joshua Burke for gas flux measurements in the field. Advice on statistical analysis from Neil Willits is much appreciated. We thank the United States National Science Foundation for financial support. The SoyFACE facility was supported by the by the Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (CFAR), and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. This project was also in part supported by DOE through the Office of Science (BER) Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 51 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.015 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 965MM UT WOS:000305771900013 ER PT J AU Shier, WT Nelson, J Abbas, HK Baird, RE AF Shier, W. Thomas Nelson, Justin Abbas, Hamed K. Baird, Richard E. TI Root Toxicity of the Mycotoxin Botryodiplodin in Soybean Seedlings SO TOXICON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th World Congress of the International-Society-on-Toxinology (IST)/Venom Week/4th International Scientific Symposium on All Things Venomous CY JUL 08-13, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Int Soc Toxinol (IST), Rare Dis Therapeut, Inc, BTG Int Ltd, Inst Bioclon, Silanes Labs, SA, Toxicon Amer Int Rattlesnake Museum, Chiricahua Desert Museum, Elsevier BV, Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Univ New Mexico Hlth Sci Ctr, Midwest Tongs DE mycotoxin; botryodiplodin; soybean C1 [Shier, W. Thomas; Nelson, Justin] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Baird, Richard E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM shier001@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD AUG PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 SI SI MA 133 BP 163 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.134 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 964UI UT WOS:000305721800135 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Edwards, DL AF Lee, Jana C. Edwards, David L. TI Impact of predatory carabids on below- and above-ground pests and yield in strawberry SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Carabidae; Density-manipulation plots; Otiorhynchus sulcatus; Pterostichus melanarius; Weed seed predation ID OILSEED RAPE; HERBIVORE SUPPRESSION; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; CURCULIONIDAE; BEETLES; FIELDS; EMERGENCE; DENSITY; LARVAE AB The impact of adult carabid beetles on below- and above-ground pests and fruit yield was examined in the laboratory and a two-year strawberry field study. In the laboratory, adults of Carabus nemoralis Muller, Nebria brevicollis (F.), Pterostichus algidus LeConte, Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger), and Scaphinotus marginatus Fischer (Coleoptera: Carabidae) consumed black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eggs, larvae and/or pupae placed on the surface. The same five carabid species showed no impact or low removal rates of O. sulcatus larvae that had burrowed into the root of potted strawberry plants. In an assay with only P. melanarius, adults consumed O. sulcatus larvae placed on the soil surface more frequently than larvae buried 1.3 or 5 cm below. In a field study, the density of adult carabids, predominantly P. melanarius, was manipulated with augmented, exclusion, and open control plots (2 x 2 m). Manipulating carabid density had no impact on the removal of sentinel O. sulcatus larvae and pupae that were buried belowground which is consistent with laboratory observations. Increasing carabid density within augmented plots led to greater removal of red clover seeds, Trifolium pratense L., placed on the soil surface in the first year. Decreasing carabid density within exclusion plots resulted in fewer marketable fruits compared to control plots in both years. These results suggest that certain adult carabids may have limited impact belowground, and some beneficial impacts above-ground with pest control and crop protection. C1 [Lee, Jana C.; Edwards, David L.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jana.lee@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon Strawberry Commission; Agricultural Research Foundation; USDA CRIS [5358-22000-032-00D] FX We thank Randy Cram, Nikko Fujita, Danielle Lightle, Joe Snead, and Thomas Whitney with field maintenance and assistance; Jim LaBonte for carabid identification; and Laurel Moulton for comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Oregon Strawberry Commission, Agricultural Research Foundation and USDA CRIS# 5358-22000-032-00D. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9425-z PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 961NG UT WOS:000305471100005 ER PT J AU Bair, EH Simenhois, R Birkeland, K Dozier, J AF Bair, Edward H. Simenhois, Ron Birkeland, Karl Dozier, Jeff TI A field study on failure of storm snow slab avalanches SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Snow; Avalanche; Anticrack ID NEAR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; FRACTURE; MECHANISM; RELEASE; LAYERS; SPEED; TESTS AB Storm snow often avalanches before crystals metamorphose into faceted or rounded shapes, which typically occurs within a few days. We call such crystals nonpersistent, to distinguish them from snow crystals that persist within the snowpack for weeks or even months. Nonpersistent crystals can form weak layers or interfaces that are common sources of failure for avalanches. The anticrack fracture model emphasizes collapse and predicts that triggering is almost independent of slope angle, but this prediction has only been tested on persistent weak layers. In this study, dozens of stability tests show that both nonpersistent and persistent crystals collapse during failure, and that slope angle does not affect triggering (although slope angle determines whether collapse leads to an avalanche). Our findings suggest that avalanches in storm snow and persistent weak layers share the same failure mechanism described by the anticrack model, with collapse providing the fracture energy. Manual hardness measurements and near-infrared measurements of grain size sometimes showed thin weak layers of softer and larger crystals in storm snow, but often showed failures at interfaces marked by softer layers above and harder layers below. We suggest collapse often occurs in crystals at the bottom of the slab. Planar crystals such as sectored plates were often found in failure layers, suggesting they are especially prone to collapse. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bair, Edward H.; Dozier, Jeff] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bair, Edward H.; Dozier, Jeff] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Simenhois, Ron] SE Alaska Avalanche Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Birkeland, Karl] US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Bair, EH (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM nbair@eri.ucsb.edu RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X FU Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education; NSF [EAR-0537327/EAR-1015057] FX The work was supported by the Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education and NSF Grants EAR-0537327/EAR-1015057. We thank Joachim Heierli for his assistance in applying the anticrack model and an anonymous reviewer for his or her contribution to our displacement error analysis. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 79-80 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.02.007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 957XV UT WOS:000305201300002 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Manter, DK AF Hunter, William J. Manter, Daniel K. TI Pseudomonas kuykendallii sp nov.: A Novel gamma-Proteobacteria Isolated From a Hexazinone Degrading Bioreactor SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUOROMETRIC METHOD; MICROORGANISMS; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; FIELDS; ALGAE; SOILS AB Three strains of Gram-negative bacteria designated strains H2(T), H6, and H7 were isolated from bioreactors that degraded the herbicide hexazinone. Similar morphological characteristics, cellular fatty acid profiles, and 16S rRNA gene sequences show that the isolates are members of the same species. These characteristics also show that the isolates belong to the genus Pseudomonas with P. graminis, P. putida, and P. stutzeri as close relatives. The 16S rRNA gene of the H2(T) strain differed from that of type strains for P. graminis, P. putida, and P. stutzeri by 1.9, 2.5, and 2.7 %, respectively, indicating that the H2(T), H6, and H7 strains are related to P. graminis, P. putida, and P. stutzeri but are different enough to represent a novel species. The G+C content of the three strains averaged 61.2 +/- A 0.8 mol% which is similar to the values reported for P. graminis (61), P. putida (61.6), and P. stutzeri (62.2-65.5). The major cellular fatty acids present in the H2(T) strain were C-18:1 omega 7c/C (18:1) omega 6c (34.3 %), C-16:1 omega 6c/C-16:1 omega 7c (27.4 %), C-16:0 (20.6 %), C-12:0 (7.9 %), C-12:0 3-OH (4.5 %), and C-10:0 3-OH (3.1 %). The name Pseudomonas kuykendallii sp. nov. is proposed for these bacteria. C1 [Hunter, William J.; Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00284-012-0141-4 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 962DP UT WOS:000305520000009 PM 22580889 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Whitford, W. G. Steinberger, Y. TI Effects of seasonal grazing, drought, fire, and carbon enrichment on soil microarthropods in a desert grassland SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Perennial grass cover; Prostigmatid mite; Rain-out shelter ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; PATTERNS; ROOTS; MITES; NEMATODES; RAINFALL AB This study was designed to test hypotheses about the combined effects of short-term, seasonal grazing with seasonal drought, fire, and carbon enrichment on soil microarthropod communities in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. The study was conducted in eighteen 0.5 ha plots following three consecutive years of treatment: six plots intensively grazed in summer, six in winter, and six not grazed. There was no difference in perennial grass cover on the summer-grazed and winter-grazed plots. Intensive seasonal grazing had no effect on the abundance and community composition of soil microarthropods. Within each plot there were six subplots: summer rain-out, winter rain-out, burned, glucose amendment, rain-out control and burn-glucose control. Fire and carbon enrichment had no significant effect on soil microarthropod abundance or community composition. The average number of microarthropods ranged from 8915 +/- 1422 m(-2) in the ungrazed, unburned plots to 7175 +/- 1232 m(-2) in the winter-grazed, unburned plots. Microarthropod densities in the glucose-amended plots were 8917 +/- 4902 m(-2) in the winter-grazed plots and 10,731 +/- 863 m(-2) in the glucose-amended, summer-grazed subplots. The prostigamatid mite, Tydeus sp., was the most abundant microarthropod taxon in all treatment plots. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steinberger, Y.] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, Geha Rd, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM wawhitfo@nmsu.edu; yosef.steinberger@biu.ac.il NR 30 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 50 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 83 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.03.021 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960CC UT WOS:000305364600002 ER PT J AU Kizito, F Dragila, MI Sene, M Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Diedhiou, I Diouf, M Lufafa, A Dick, RP Selker, J Cuenca, R AF Kizito, F. Dragila, M. I. Sene, M. Brooks, J. R. Meinzer, F. C. Diedhiou, I. Diouf, M. Lufafa, A. Dick, R. P. Selker, J. Cuenca, R. TI Hydraulic redistribution by two semi-arid shrub species: Implications for Sahelian agro-ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Agro-ecosystems; Annual food crops; Hydraulic redistribution; Sahel; Shrubs ID ROOT XYLEM EMBOLISM; PLANT WATER STATUS; IN-FIELD SOILS; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; NATIVE SHRUB; DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE ROOTS; SAP FLOW; LIFT AB Hydraulic redistribution is the process of passive water movement from deeper moist soil to shallower dry soil layers using plant roots as conduits. Results from this study indicate that this phenomenon exists among two shrub species (Guiera senegalensis and Piliostigma reticulatum) that co-exist with annual food crops in Sahelian agro-ecosystems. Real-time measurements were conducted for soil water content, soil water potential and microclimate variables notably: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and solar irradiance. Additionally, sap flow measurements were conducted in shrub roots using the thermal dissipation technique on intact and coppiced shrubs. Monthly predawn leaf water potential was measured using a portable pressure chamber. Soil water potential (Psi(s)) at the 20 cm depth declined significantly during the dry season with did l changes in Psi(s) of -0.6 to -1.1 MPa. These variations were attributed to passive water release from shrub roots resulting in overnight rewetting of drier upper soil layers. Sap flow Measurements on tap and lateral shrub roots indicated daily reversals in the direction of flow. During the peak of the dry season, both positive (toward shrub) and negative (toward soil) flows were observed in lateral shrub roots with sap flow in the lateral roots frequently negative at night and rapidly becoming positive soon after sunrise. The negative sap flow at night in superficial lateral roots and the periodic positive flow in the descending tap roots were indicative of hydraulic redistribution. Hydraulic redistribution may be an important mechanism for drought stress avoidance while maintaining plant physiological functions in both shrubs and neighboring annuals in water-limited environments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kizito, F.] Int Water Management Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Dragila, M. I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sene, M.; Diedhiou, I.; Diouf, M.] Inst Senegalais Rech Agr ISRA CERAAS, Thies Escale, Senegal. [Brooks, J. R.] US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Meinzer, F. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lufafa, A.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Dick, R. P.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Selker, J.; Cuenca, R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kizito, F (reprint author), Int Water Management Inst, PMB CT 112, Accra, Ghana. EM fredkizito@gmail.com RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774; Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 FU National Science Foundation [0120732] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0120732. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Special gratitude goes to Joan Sandeno for proof reading this manuscript and to Rob Coulombe for his technical assistance on the construction of sap flow sensors. Appreciation goes to the EPA team in Corvallis, CERAAS and ISRA technicians in Senegal for all the field support rendered during the course of this research effort. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 83 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.03.010 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960CC UT WOS:000305364600009 ER PT J AU Wen, ZF Gao, M Jiao, C Wang, Q Xu, H Walter, M Xu, WR Bassett, C Wang, XP AF Wen, Zhifeng Gao, Min Jiao, Chen Wang, Qian Xu, Hui Walter, Monika Xu, Weirong Bassett, Carole Wang, Xiping TI Characterization and Expression Analysis of a Retinoblastoma-Related Gene from Chinese Wild Vitis pseudoreticulata SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Vitis pseudoreticulata; Retinoblastoma-related gene; Powdery mildew; Expression analysis ID GEMINIVIRUS REPLICATION PROTEIN; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; POWDERY MILDEW; RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; GRAPEVINE; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; NECATOR AB Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) genes, a conserved gene family in higher eukaryotes, play important roles in cell differentiation, development, and mammalian cell death; however, little is known of their function in plants. In this study, a RBR gene was isolated from the Chinese wild grape, Vitis pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang clone "Baihe-35-1", and designated as VpRBR. The cDNA sequence of VpRBR was 3,030 bp and contained an open reading frame of 3,024 bp. Conceptual translation of this gene indicated a composition of 1,007 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 117.3 kDa. The predicted protein showed a retinoblastoma-associated protein domain A from amino acid residues 416 to 579, and domain B from residues 726 to 855. The result of expression analysis indicated that VpRBR was expressed in tissues, leaves, stem, tendrils, flower, and grape skin at different expression levels. Further quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) data indicated that VpRBR levels were higher in Erysiphe necator-treated "Baihe-35-1" and "Baihe-13-1", two resistant clones of Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata, than in E. necator-treated "Hunan-1", a susceptible clone of V. pseudoreticulata. Furthermore, the expression of VpRBR in response to salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethylene (Eth) in grape leaves was also investigated. Taken together, these data indicate that VpRBR may contribute to some aspect of powdery mildew resistance in grape. C1 [Wen, Zhifeng; Gao, Min; Jiao, Chen; Wang, Qian; Xu, Hui; Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Xu, Weirong] Ningxia Univ, Sch Agr, Ningxia 750021, Peoples R China. [Bassett, Carole] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Wen, Zhifeng; Gao, Min; Jiao, Chen; Wang, Qian; Xu, Hui; Walter, Monika; Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol & Germplasm Innovat NW Ch, Minist Agr, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM wangxiping@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [30871701, 31071782, 30671446]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-07-0702] FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 30871701, 31071782 and 30671446) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-07-0702). NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 983 EP 991 DI 10.1007/s11105-011-0410-6 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 961PJ UT WOS:000305478100019 PM 24415838 ER PT J AU Jones, RW AF Jones, Richard W. TI Multiple Copies of Genes Encoding XEGIPs are Harbored in an 85-kB Region of the Potato Genome SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Xyloglucanase inhibitor; Potato; Solanum; Cell wall; Gene duplication; 7S globulin; TAX 1 ID ENDO-BETA-1,4-GLUCANASE INHIBITOR; ENDOGLUCANASE; XYLOGLUCAN; PROTEIN; XYLANASE; WHEAT; ACCUMULATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; ALGORITHM; INFECTION AB Proteinaceous inhibitors of plant cell wall degrading enzymes can provide a first level of defense from invasive phytopathogens. One recently discovered inhibitor is the xyloglucans-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein (XEGIP) originally found in tomato. This inhibitor protein has since been found in many solanaceous plants as well as other dicots. As xyloglucans play a major role in maintaining cell wall structure in dicots, protection of xyloglucan is critical. Thus far, only a single potato XEGIP had been identified (AY321357), even though a major pathogen of potato, Phytophthora infestans, has multiple copies of xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase. We now report that potato has nine additional copies of XEGIP, clustered together on a small region of chromosome one. They are located adjacent to the previously described potato XEGIP and represent one of the highest degrees of gene duplication relative to any other potato inhibitor. Synteny with tomato indicates this duplication may have occurred before speciation of Solanum. C1 USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM richard.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1040 EP 1046 DI 10.1007/s11105-012-0416-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 961PJ UT WOS:000305478100025 ER PT J AU Li, H Zhao, XC Dai, HY Wu, W Mao, WJ Zhang, ZH AF Li, He Zhao, Xiaochu Dai, Hongyan Wu, Wei Mao, Wenjuan Zhang, Zhihong TI Tissue Culture Responsive MicroRNAs in Strawberry SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE MicroRNA; qRT-PCR; Fragaria x ananassa; Tissue culture; Rejuvenation ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; TARGETS; MIR164; GENES; DIVERSITY; PROTEINS AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotide (nt) non-coding regulatory RNAs which play critical roles in plant growth and development. miRNA-encoding genes, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, are involved in a variety of processes, including developmental and morphogenesis systems, and hormone and stress responses. To investigate miRNA responses to tissue culture conditions, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect differences in miRNA expression between in vitro micropropagated strawberry plants and transplanted micropropagated strawberry plants. Four miRNAs were differentially expressed between them, including one up-regulated gene (miR156) and three down-regulated genes (miR164, miR172 and miR390). The ratios of miRNA expression levels in in vitro micropropagated strawberry plants to micropropagated plants transplanted into soil in greenhouse for 4 months for miR156, miR164, miR172 and miR390 were 6.757, 0.046, 0.035 and 0.050, respectively. The ratio of miR156 expression levels in micropropagated plants transplanted into soil for 5 months to levels in the conventionally propagating runner plants was 3.785. miR156 was expressed highly and was strikingly inversely proportional to the expressions of its target gene SPL9 and miR172 in in vitro micropropagated strawberry plants. We speculate that high expression of miR156 is the main reason for rejuvenation in micropropagated plants. C1 [Li, He; Zhao, Xiaochu; Dai, Hongyan; Mao, Wenjuan; Zhang, Zhihong] Shenyang Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Wu, Wei] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, ZH (reprint author), Shenyang Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Dongling Rd 120, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, Peoples R China. EM zhangz@syau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31101524]; Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest [201003064]; Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Foundation [20101096] FX This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101524), Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest (201003064) and Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Foundation for Dr (20101096). We sincerely thank Mrs. Yifan Lii who kindly assisted us in improving the language and style of this paper. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1007/s11105-011-0406-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 961PJ UT WOS:000305478100026 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Wendling, L Feng, GL AF Sharratt, Brenton Wendling, Laura Feng, Guanglong TI Surface characteristics of a windblown soil altered by tillage intensity during summer fallow SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wind erosion; Tillage; Random roughness; Soil water; Residue cover; Windblown dust ID WIND EROSION; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; WHEAT-FALLOW; DUST; MOISTURE; VELOCITY; RESIDUE; MODEL; PM10 AB Winter wheat - summer fallow is the crop rotation used on more than 1.5 million ha in the Pacific Northwest United States. Land maintained using conventional summer fallow is susceptible to wind erosion because multiple tillage operations during the fallow period expose the soil to high winds. Alternative management strategies are needed that protect the soil surface from erosion during summer fallow. Surface characteristics were examined after subjecting the loessial soil to seven (conventional), five (reduced), three (minimum), and zero (no) tillage operations during the fallow period. Surface residue biomass and roughness and soil crust, aggregation, strength, and water content were measured after tillage and sowing operations. No tillage resulted in a more persistent and thicker soil crust and greater residue cover, silhouette area index (SAI), and penetration resistance than conventional and reduced tillage. For those treatments subject to tillage, minimum tillage resulted in a thicker soil crust and greater residue cover, SAI, ridge roughness, mean aggregate diameter, and penetration resistance as compared to conventional or reduced tillage after primary tillage. Near the end of the fallow period, minimum tillage resulted in 15% greater residue cover than conventional tillage. Soil loss from minimum tillage is expected to be 50% of conventional tillage based upon these differences in residue cover. This study suggests that minimum tillage is an alternative strategy to conventional tillage for reducing wind erosion in the wheat-fallow region of the Pacific Northwest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sharratt, Brenton] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wendling, Laura] CSIRO Land & Water Ctr Environm Contaminants Res, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Feng, Guanglong] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Feng, Guanglong] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Brenton.sharratt@ars.usda.gov RI Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014 OI Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 5 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.02.002 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 958TL UT WOS:000305263500001 ER PT J AU Yue, YY Zhou, CJ French, AD Xia, G Han, GP Wang, QW Wu, QL AF Yue, Yiying Zhou, Chengjun French, Alfred D. Xia, Guan Han, Guangping Wang, Qingwen Wu, Qinglin TI Comparative properties of cellulose nano-crystals from native and mercerized cotton fibers SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Cellulose nano-crystals; Mercerization; Acid-hydrolysis; High-pressure homogenization; Composites ID HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; BAMBOO FIBERS; NANOCRYSTALS; WOOD; CHOLESTEROL AB Stable aqueous suspensions of cellulose nano-crystals (CNCs) were fabricated from both native and mercerized cotton fibers by sulfuric acid hydrolysis, followed by high-pressure homogenization. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction data showed that the fibers had been transformed from cellulose I (native) to cellulose II (mercerized) crystal structure, and these polymorphs were retained in the nanocrystals, giving CNC-I and CNC-II. Transmission electron microscopy showed rod-like crystal morphology for both types of crystals under the given processing conditions with CNC-II having similar width but reduced length. Freeze-dried agglomerates of CNC-II had a much higher bulk density than that of CNC-I. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that CNC-II had better thermal stability. The storage moduli of CNC-II suspensions at all temperatures were substantially larger than those of CNC-I suspensions at the same concentration level. CNC-II suspensions and gels were more stable in response to temperature increases. Films of CNC and Poly(ethylene oxide) were tested. Both CNC-I/PEO and CNC-II/PEO composites showed increased tensile strength and elongation at break compared to pure PEO. However, composites with CNC-II had higher strength and elongation than composites with CNC-I. C1 [Yue, Yiying; Zhou, Chengjun; Xia, Guan; Wu, Qinglin] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [French, Alfred D.] ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Han, Guangping; Wang, Qingwen] NE Forestry Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Coll, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. RP Wu, QL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM qwu@agcenter.lsu.edu RI Zhou, Chengjun/C-6947-2012 OI Zhou, Chengjun/0000-0002-6192-3517 FU USDA CSREES [2008-38814-04771]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070505, 31010103905] FX We are thankful for the financial support from the USDA CSREES (Award No: 2008-38814-04771) and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award No: 31070505 and 31010103905). We also thank Dr. Vince Edwards of the USDA ARS Southern Regional Research Center in New Orleans, LA for providing the fabric material. NR 47 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 96 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1187 DI 10.1007/s10570-012-9714-4 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 958LA UT WOS:000305236900012 ER PT J AU Srithep, Y Turng, LS Sabo, R Clemons, C AF Srithep, Yottha Turng, Lih-Sheng Sabo, Ronald Clemons, Craig TI Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) nanocomposites: properties, solubility of carbon dioxide, and foaming SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC); Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH); Nanocomposites; Foaming ID MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); COMPOSITES; WHISKERS; FIBER; PERFORMANCE; NANOTUBES AB Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and its nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) reinforced nanocomposites were produced and foamed and its properties-such as the dynamic mechanical properties, crystallization behavior, and solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2)-were evaluated. PVOH was mixed with an NFC fiber suspension in water followed by casting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, as well as the optical transparency of the films, revealed that the NFC fibers dispersed well in the resulting PVOH/NFC nanocomposites. Adding NFC increased the tensile modulus of the PVOH/NFC nanocomposites nearly threefold. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the NFC served as a nucleating agent, promoting the early onset of crystallization. However, high NFC content also led to greater thermal degradation of the PVOH matrix. PVOH/NFC nanocomposites were sensitive to moisture content and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests showed that, at room temperature, the storage modulus increased with decreasing moisture content. The solubility of CO2 in the PVOH/NFC nanocomposites depended on their moisture content and decreased with the addition of NFC. Moreover, the desorption diffusivity increased as more NFC was added. Finally, the foaming behavior of the PVOH/NFC nanocomposites was studied using CO2 and/or water as the physical foaming agent(s) in a batch foaming process. Only samples with a high moisture content were able to foam with CO2. Furthermore, the PVOH/NFC nanocomposites exhibited finer and more anisotropic cell morphologies than the neat PVOH films. In the absence of moisture, no foaming was observed in the CO2-saturated neat PVOH or PVOH/NFC nanocomposite samples. C1 [Srithep, Yottha; Turng, Lih-Sheng] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Sabo, Ronald; Clemons, Craig] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Turng, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM turng@engr.wisc.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67009-20056] FX The financial support of the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Award (No. 2011-67009-20056) is gratefully acknowledged in this research. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Srikanth Pilla for his useful suggestions, Dr. Tom Kuster of the Forest Products Laboratory for performing electron microscopy, and Dr. Rick Reiner of the Forest Products Laboratory for preparing cellulose nanofibers. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1223 DI 10.1007/s10570-012-9726-0 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 958LA UT WOS:000305236900015 ER PT J AU Baldwin, EA Bai, JH Plotto, A Cameron, R Luzio, G Narciso, J Manthey, J Widmer, W Ford, BL AF Baldwin, Elizabeth A. Bai, Jinhe Plotto, Anne Cameron, Randall Luzio, Gary Narciso, Jan Manthey, John Widmer, Wilbur Ford, Bryan L. TI Effect of extraction method on quality of orange juice: hand-squeezed, commercial-fresh squeezed and processed SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE orange juice; extraction; flavor; cloud loss: peel oil ID KEY AROMA COMPONENTS; VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; FLAVOR THRESHOLDS; TOMATO FLAVOR; CITRUS; STORAGE; CLOUD; PULP; OIL; PRODUCTS AB BACKGROUND: Fresh orange juice is perceived to be more wholesome than processed juice. Fresh juice may have flavor and nutrients that differ from pasteurized or processed juice. RESULTS: Hamlin and Valencia oranges were extracted using a commercial food service juicer, pasteurized or not, resulting in fresh-commercial juice (FCJ) or pasteurized juice (FCPJ) for comparison with pasteurized processed juice (PPJ) in 2009, and gently hand-squeezed Valencia juice (HSJ) in 2010 for quality attributes. There was higher peel oil, lower pectin content, and less cloud loss in FCJ/FCPJ compared to PPJ and HSJ regardless of pasteurization. Titratable acidity was generally higher and the ratio of solids to acids lower in FCJ/FCPJ or HSJ compared to PPJ. FCJ/FCPJ had generally higher levels of most aroma volatiles than did PPJ and, overall, the highest esters and terpenes, while methanol and ethanol levels were highest in HSJ. For sensory evaluation, FCJ/FCPJ had more peel oil and PPJ more cooked flavor than other samples, while Valencia HSJ was preferred over the other juices. CONCLUSION: High peel oil content and thermo-pasteurization process decreased cloud loss of orange juice. Extraction and finishing processes rather than pasteurization or oil content were major factors in influencing orange juice flavor quality. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Baldwin, Elizabeth A.; Bai, Jinhe; Plotto, Anne; Cameron, Randall; Luzio, Gary; Narciso, Jan; Manthey, John; Widmer, Wilbur; Ford, Bryan L.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34954 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34954 USA. EM Liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 92 IS 10 BP 2029 EP 2042 DI 10.1002/jsfa.5587 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 956CJ UT WOS:000305067100003 PM 22290491 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Zhuang, XS AF Zhu, J. Y. Zhuang, X. S. TI Conceptual net energy output for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass through biorefining SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Cellulosic ethanol/biofuel; Lignocellulosic biomass; Biorefinery and bioenergy; Life cycle analysis (LCA); Agriculture operation; Pretreatment ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE 424A(LNH-ST); COMPARATIVE SUGAR RECOVERY; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENTS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE ADDITION; SOFTWOOD PINUS-RADIATA; HIGHER HEATING VALUE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; LODGEPOLE-PINE; CORN STOVER AB There is a lack of comprehensive information in the retrievable literature on pilot scale process and energy data using promising process technologies and commercially scalable and available capital equipment for lignocellulosic biomass biorefining. This study conducted a comprehensive review of the energy efficiency of selected sugar platform biorefinery process concepts for biofuel production from lignocelluloses. The process data from approximately a dozen studies that represent state-of-the-art in cellulosic biofuel production concepts, along with literature energy input data for agriculture operations, were analyzed to provide estimates of net energy production. It was found that proper allocation of energy input for fertilizer and pesticides to lignocellulosic biomass and major agriculture or forestry products, such as corn and lumber in corn farming and lumber plantations, respectively, were critical. The significant discrepancies in literature data suggest studies are needed to determine energy inputs for fuel in farming and farm machinery. Increasing solids loading in pretreatment to at least 25% is critical to reducing energy input in a biorefinery. Post thermo-chemical pretreatment size reduction approach should be adopted for energy efficient woody biomass processing. When appropriate pretreatment technologies are used, woody biomass can be processed as efficiently as herbaceous biomass and agricultural residues. Net energy output for cellulosic ethanol was estimated to range approximately from -500-2000 MJ/ton biomass (HHV base): indicating that the energy input/output ratio is approximately 1:1 for cellulosic ethanol. However, net energy can reach approximately 4000-7000 MJ/ton of biomass when energy from lignin is included. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Zhuang, X. S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Zhuang, X. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Energy Convers Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU USFS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese National Key Technology RD Program [2011BAD22B01] FX We would like to sincerely acknowledge Dr. Andrew Burnham of Argonne National Laboratory for providing us the GREET 1-2011 spreadsheets. We also would like to acknowledge Dr. Carl Houtman of U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for providing the spreadsheet for determining pretreatment thermal energy input based on thermodynamic calculations. We appreciate Drs. Ronald Zalesny Jr. of Northern Research Station and Kenneth Skog of Forest Products Laboratory (both USFS) for providing relevant sources and data on forest productivity, harvest residues, and energy inputs for woody crops. Finally, the financial support from both the USFS, through the Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB, 2011), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program (2011BAD22B01) made it possible for the visiting appointment of Dr. X. S. Zhuang at the USFS-FPL. NR 163 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 11 U2 148 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 583 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.pecs.2012.03.007 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 957ZB UT WOS:000305204500006 ER PT J AU Heathman, GC Cosh, MH Merwade, V Han, EJ AF Heathman, Gary C. Cosh, Michael H. Merwade, Venkatesh Han, Eunjin TI Multi-scale temporal stability analysis of surface and subsurface soil moisture within the Upper Cedar Creek Watershed, Indiana SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; Temporal stability; Remote sensing; NASA; SMAP ID REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; VARIABILITY; TIME; CALIBRATION; SMEX02; SENSOR AB Soil moisture plays a significant role in determining the amount of energy exchange between the atmosphere and the earth's surface and is highly variable in space and time. Temporal stability analysis (TSA) is a statistical approach for describing the persistence of spatial patterns and characteristic behavior of soil moisture. Using TSA, this study is aimed at determining the adequacy of long term point-scale surface and subsurface soil moisture (theta(v)) measurements in representing field and watershed scale averages that serve as in situ ground truth locations for remotely sensed soil moisture calibration and validation programs, as well as applications for hydrologic modeling. In two agricultural fields, twenty temporary frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR) soil moisture sensors, spaced 70 m apart, were installed at depths of 5 and 20 cm in each field with measurements transmitted every 30 min from June 29 through September 21, 2010. Soil moisture data were also obtained from FDR sensors permanently installed at depths of 5 and 20 cm at seven sites located within the USDA, Upper Cedar Creek Watershed (UCCW) monitoring network in northeastern Indiana. Additionally, meteorological data (i.e., rainfall, air temperature, humidity) were obtained from existing UCCW network weather stations. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed persistent patterns in surface soil moisture and identified sites that were temporally stable at both study scales. However, soil water patterns differed between preferred states (wet/dry) and were primarily controlled by lateral and vertical fluxes. At the field scale, locations that were optimal for estimating the area-average water contents were different from the permanent sensor locations. However, minimum offset values could be applied to the permanent sensor data to obtain representative field average values of surface theta(v). TSA of 20 cm theta(v) showed little correlation with surface theta(v) TSA results in terms of comparable stable sites or vertical transferability at either scale. The results are of relevance for the interpretation, scaling, or in describing the variability of coarser resolution soil moisture data such as that retrieved from remotely sensed active and passive microwave platforms and in terms of modeling field and watershed scale soil moisture based on point measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heathman, Gary C.] ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Merwade, Venkatesh; Han, Eunjin] Purdue Univ, Dept Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gary.heathman@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Merwade, Venkatesh/D-4387-2015; Han, Eunjin /G-4121-2013 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Merwade, Venkatesh/0000-0001-5518-2890; Han, Eunjin /0000-0001-6208-7410 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG PY 2012 VL 95 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2012.03.008 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 951QT UT WOS:000304735800011 ER PT J AU Kane, EC Ochoa, R Mathurin, G Erbe, EF Beard, JJ AF Kane, Ethan C. Ochoa, Ronald Mathurin, Guy Erbe, Eric F. Beard, Jennifer J. TI Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae): an exploding mite pest in the neotropics SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flat mite; Light microscopy; Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy; LTSEM; Feeding damage; Stomata feeding; Taxonomic review; Symptomatology ID PALMS AB Major infestations of the flat mite species Raoiella indica Hirst affecting bananas, palms and other ornamental plants have been reported from the Caribbean islands, Mexico, FL (USA), Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil. Specimens from these localities were examined using traditional light microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy techniques. While little is known about the biology of this mite, its recent appearance in the Americas in both commercial coconut and banana plantations has raised concerns about its economic impact as an invasive pest. C1 [Ochoa, Ronald] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kane, Ethan C.] Natl Identificat Serv, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,PSPI, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Mathurin, Guy] Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Castries, St Lucia. [Erbe, Eric F.] ARS, Electron & Confocal Electron Microscopy Unit, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beard, Jennifer J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ochoa, R (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ron.ochoa@ars.usda.gov FU APHIS FX Our special thanks to the personnel of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Saint Lucia, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago for their support in the study and recollection of specimens and data of the red palm mite, and to Russell Duncan, Amy Roda and APHIS for their support and help with permits and material. We would like to thank Drs. G. Evans, APHIS-PPQ, G. Miller and A. Solis, ARS-SEL for the revision of the manuscript, Chris Pooley ECMU-ARS for his work on the plates; Debbie Creel, Nit Malikul and Jonathan Haas at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory (USDA) for their continued technical support and reference gathering. This publication was presented in part at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA; USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10493-012-9541-1 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949BL UT WOS:000304550300002 PM 22392436 ER PT J AU Beard, JJ Ochoa, R Bauchan, GR Welbourn, WC Pooley, C Dowling, APG AF Beard, J. J. Ochoa, R. Bauchan, G. R. Welbourn, W. C. Pooley, C. Dowling, A. P. G. TI External mouthpart morphology in the Tenuipalpidae (Tetranychoidea): Raoiella a case study SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE External morphology; Functional morphology; Palmetto; Sabal; Spider mite; Stomata; Tetranychidae ID STOMATAL MICROANATOMY; MITE ACARI; EUCALYPTUS; LEAVES; DAMAGE; PALMS; HOST; KOCH AB The use of low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) to study external mouthpart morphology in the Tenuipalpidae, in particular the genus Raoiella, has brought some aspects of the mechanics of feeding in this group into question. In addition, an LTSEM study on the specialized feeding behaviour of Raoiella indica Hirst (Tetranychoidea: Tenuipalpidae) revealed host plant use in this species could be affected by stomatal complex morphology. C1 [Beard, J. J.] Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Beard, J. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ochoa, R.] ARS, SEL, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, G. R.; Pooley, C.] ARS, ECMU, USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Welbourn, W. C.] FSCA, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Dowling, A. P. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Beard, JJ (reprint author), Queensland Museum, POB 3300, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. EM jjbeard@umd.edu FU Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), an initiative of the Australian Government; USDA-APHIS-PPQ Centre for Plant Health Science and Technology; University of Maryland FX Beard was partly funded by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), an initiative of the Australian Government, and by an agreement between USDA-APHIS-PPQ Centre for Plant Health Science and Technology and the University of Maryland. We would like to thank Debbie Creel at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL) USDA-ARS for her continued technical support and reference gathering, and Elliott Norman of the US National Botanical Gardens Facility for his help with sampling host plants. Special thanks to Mr. Phillip Agostini and the personnel of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Lucia, field inspectors of the Division of Plant Industry (FSCA) and APHIS at Florida for their help with collection data and permits; to Eddie Ueckermann and Stefan Neser of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa for the collection of Larvacarus specimens; and to Mary Willeford Bair for the collection of Oligonychus coniferarum specimens. Images by Eric Erbe (Figs. 4d, 8c, 11f, 19e, f, 20) were taken using an Hitachi S-4100 FESEM at 2 kV accelerating voltage with an Oxford CT 1500 HF cryostage using Polaroid (R) type 55 P/N film. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 255 DI 10.1007/s10493-012-9540-2 PG 29 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949BL UT WOS:000304550300003 PM 22415242 ER PT J AU Dowling, APG Ochoa, R Beard, JJ Welbourn, WC Ueckermann, EA AF Dowling, A. P. G. Ochoa, R. Beard, J. J. Welbourn, W. C. Ueckermann, E. A. TI Phylogenetic investigation of the genus Raoiella (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae): diversity, distribution, and world invasions SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Raoiella; Phylogenetics; Invasive; Australia ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; INDICA HIRST; ACARI; MODEL; EVOLUTION; MRBAYES; VIRUS; TREES AB The genus Raoiella is best known because of the red palm mite, R. indica, a major pest of palms spreading aggressively throughout the Americas. Not much was known about the biology, geographic origins, or evolutionary history of the genus when R. indica emerged as a major invasive pest. This paper attempts to address some of the basic historical questions regarding the palm mite as well as the genus. Molecular characters from COI and 28S regions were used to produce a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus in an effort to understand its geographic origin. It also uses COI barcode data to delimit several potentially new species discovered by the authors in Australia. Results show a basal split between R. indica and all other Raoiella species, which indicates Africa or the Middle East as the most probable origin of the genus. Additionally, COI data suggests that at least eight new species are represented among the 20 Australian populations included in this study. C1 [Dowling, A. P. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ochoa, R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beard, J. J.] Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Welbourn, W. C.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Ueckermann, E. A.] ARC PPRI, ZA-0121 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Dowling, APG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, 319 Agr Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM adowling@uark.edu FU Australian Biological Resources Study of the Australian Government FX To Dr. Greg Evans, APHIS-USDA and Dr. Gary Miller SEL-USDA for the review of the manuscript and the valuable suggestions. Special thanks to Dr. Gilberto De Moraes, Brazil, Dr. Stefan Neser, South Africa, Dr. Alatawi and Mr. M. W. Negm, Saudi Arabia for their comments and material. Beard was funded by the Australian Biological Resources Study of the Australian Government. All Australian material used in this study was collected under permit. The authors give thanks to Tony Bean and Paul Forster of the Queensland Herbarium (BRI) for host plant identifications. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 EI 1572-9702 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s10493-011-9483-z PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949BL UT WOS:000304550300004 PM 21913003 ER PT J AU Carrillo, D Amalin, D Hosein, F Roda, A Duncan, RE Pena, JE AF Carrillo, Daniel Amalin, Divina Hosein, Farzan Roda, Amy Duncan, Rita E. Pena, Jorge E. TI Host plant range of Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in areas of invasion of the New World SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Raoiella indica; Invasive species; Neotropics; Reproductive hosts; Monocotyledons; Arecaceae; Palms ID 1ST REPORT; HIRST ACARI; PALMS; EVOLUTION AB Raoiella indica has spread rapidly through the Neotropical region where the mite damages economically and ecologically important plants. Three studies were conducted to determine the host plant range of R. indica, using the presence of colonies containing all life stages as an indicator of reproductive suitability. Periodic surveys at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (Miami Dade County, FL, USA) and the Royal Botanical Gardens (Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago) identified 27 new reproductive host plants. The reproductive suitability of two dicotyledonous species and three native Florida palm species was examined. An updated list of reproductive host plants of R. indica is presented. All reported reproductive hosts (91 plant species) of R. indica are monocots from the orders Arecales (Arecaceae), Zingiberales (Heliconiaceae, Musaceae, Strelitziaceae, Zingiberaceae) and Pandanales (Pandanaceae). Most are palms of the family Arecaceae that originated in areas of the Eastern Hemisphere; about one fourth of the reported hosts are native to the New World and could be considered new host associations of R. indica. Six years after the initial detection in the Caribbean, R. indica has expanded its host plant range. Here we report 27 new reproductive host of R. indica that represent 30% of increase on previous host plant records. As this mite continues spreading in the Neotropical region a great diversity of plants is potentially affected. C1 [Carrillo, Daniel; Duncan, Rita E.; Pena, Jorge E.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Amalin, Divina] Univ Florida, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Hosein, Farzan] Minist Agr Land & Marine Resources, Div Res, Centeno, Trinid & Tobago. [Roda, Amy] USDA, APHIS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Carrillo, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM dancar@ufl.edu RI Carrillo, Daniel/D-7233-2013 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s10493-011-9487-8 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949BL UT WOS:000304550300005 PM 21915682 ER PT J AU Roda, A Nachman, G Hosein, F Rodrigues, JCV Pena, JE AF Roda, A. Nachman, G. Hosein, F. Rodrigues, J. C. V. Pena, J. E. TI Spatial distributions of the red palm mite, Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on coconut and their implications for development of efficient sampling plans SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Raoiella; Red palm mite; Tenuipalpidae; Invasive mite; Spatial distribution; Dispersion; Taylor's power law ID TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE; HIRST ACARI; SPIDER-MITE; 1ST REPORT; POPULATION; DENSITY AB The red palm mite (Raoiella indica), an invasive pest of coconut, entered the Western hemisphere in 2004, then rapidly spread through the Caribbean and into Florida, USA. Developing effective sampling methods may aid in the timely detection of the pest in a new area. Studies were conducted to provide and compare intra tree spatial distribution of red palm mite populations on coconut in two different geographical areas, Trinidad and Puerto Rico, recently invaded by the mite. The middle stratum of a palm hosted significantly more mites than fronds from the upper or lower canopy and fronds from the lower stratum, on average, had significantly fewer mites than the two other strata. The mite populations did not vary within a frond. Mite densities on the top section of the pinna had significantly lower mite densities than the two other sections, which were not significantly different from each other. In order to improve future sampling plans for the red palm mite, the data was used to estimate the variance components associated with the various levels of the hierarchical sampling design. Additionally, presence-absence data were used to investigate the probability of no mites being present in a pinna section randomly chosen from a frond inhabited by mites at a certain density. Our results show that the most precise density estimate at the plantation level is to sample one pinna section per tree from as many trees as possible. C1 [Roda, A.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Nachman, G.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol & Evolut, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hosein, F.] MALMR, Div Res, Centeno, Trinid & Tobago. [Rodrigues, J. C. V.] Univ Puerto Rico, Agr Expt Stn, Crops & Agroenvironm Sci Dept, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Rodrigues, J. C. V.] CREST NSF, CATEC, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Pena, J. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Homestead, FL USA. RP Roda, A (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Amy.L.Roda@aphis.usda.gov OI Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-2537-3167 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s10493-012-9538-9 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949BL UT WOS:000304550300006 PM 22402941 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, JCV Irish, BM AF Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos Irish, Brian M. TI Effect of coconut palm proximities and Musa spp. germplasm resistance to colonization by Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musa; Banana; Germplasm; Red palm mite; Acari; Tenuipalpidae ID HIRST ACARI; PUERTO-RICO; 1ST REPORT AB Although coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is the predominant host for Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), false spider mite infestations do occur on bananas and plantains (Musa spp. Colla). Since its introduction, the banana and plantain industries have been negatively impacted to different degrees by R. indica infestation throughout the Caribbean. Genetic resistance in the host and the proximity of natural sources of mite infestation has been suggested as two of the main factors affecting R. indica densities in Musa spp. plantations. Greenhouse experiments were established to try to determine what effect coconut palm proximities and planting densities had on R. indica populations infesting Musa spp. plants. Trials were carried out using potted Musa spp. and coconut palms plants at two different ratios. In addition, fourteen Musa spp. hybrid accessions were evaluated for their susceptibility/resistance to colonization by R. indica populations. Differences were observed for mite population buildup for both the density and germplasm accession evaluations. These results have potential implications on how this important pest can be managed on essential agricultural commodities such as bananas and plantains. C1 [Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos] Univ Puerto Rico, Crops & Agroenvironm Sci Dept, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos] CREST NSF, CATEC, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos] Univ Estado Amazonas, Ctr Energia Ambiente & Biodiversidade, BR-69095 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Irish, Brian M.] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Rodrigues, JCV (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Crops & Agroenvironm Sci Dept, 1193 Calle Guayacan, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. EM jose_carlos@mac.com OI Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-2537-3167 FU [Z-200] FX Authors would like to acknowledge the Departments of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Puerto Rico for providing coconut palms used on the experiment. This project was financially supported in part by Z-200. Authors also would like to thank Ms. Shirley Cruz, Ms. Lesly Colon and Mr. Jose Marengo Santiago for their assistance during the experimental set up and data collection. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10493-011-9484-y PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949BL UT WOS:000304550300007 PM 21915683 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, OV Walter, N Elateek, S Taylor, CG Okubara, PA AF Mavrodi, Olga V. Walter, Nathalie Elateek, Sawsan Taylor, Christopher G. Okubara, Patricia A. TI Suppression of Rhizoctonia and Pythium root rot of wheat by new strains of Pseudomonas SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Pseudomonas spp.; Rhizoctonia solani; Pythium ultimum; Rhizosphere colonization; PGPR ID TAKE-ALL; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; REDUCED TILLAGE; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; COTTON SEEDLINGS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; RHIZOSPHERE AB This study is part of an effort to identify new biological control agents with broad spectrum activity against pathogenic soilborne fungi and pests. New strains of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from agricultural soils, river silt, and rhizosphere soils from herbarium specimens. Provisional species assignments based on 16S ribosomal DNA typing were: Pseudomonas borealis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas mandelii, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas poae, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas vranovensis. We evaluated the strains for activity against root rot pathogens of wheat, with the view to discovery and deployment of new suppressive activities. Our objectives were to compare the strains relative to: (i) production of antifungal metabolites, (ii) suppression of Rhizoctonia and Pythium damage in greenhouse assays, (iii) plant growth promotion, and (iv) ability to colonize the wheat rhizosphere. Colonization assays showed that 11 strains rapidly established and maintained rhizosphere populations of >= log 5 CFU g (1) root. Strains 14B2R, 15G2R, 29G9R, 39A2R, 48G9R and Wood3R reduced disease symptoms of both Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and Pythium ultimum, and the latter four also suppressed Rhizoctonia oryzae and Pythium irregulare. Four strains increased seedling shoot length and root weight but these growth promotion effects were correlated to disease suppression only for two strains. Finally, the strains differed in demonstrated and potential antifungal metabolite activities, indicating that no single factor could be correlated to disease suppression. We have identified several strains for genome sequencing and for long-term development of integrated management of soilborne diseases of wheat. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Walter, Nathalie; Okubara, Patricia A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mavrodi, Olga V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Elateek, Sawsan; Taylor, Christopher G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, 367A Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM omavrodi@mail.wsu.edu; nwalter@wsu.edu; taylor.1886@osu.edu; pokubara@wsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Research Initiative [MOR-2007-02230]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [5248-22000-012-00D] FX This research was supported by US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Research Initiative Grant # MOR-2007-02230 (C. T. and P.O.) and USDA Agricultural Research Service Project Number 5248-22000-012-00D (P.O.). Strains Wood1R, Wood3R and Wayne1R were gifts from Brian McSpadden Gardener. Special thanks to Mark Evans and Kurt Schroeder for help with statistical analyses. References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.03.013 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 947ZZ UT WOS:000304474500005 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Albin, DM Bhunia, AK Kim, H Reed, SA Tu, SI AF Gehring, Andrew G. Albin, David M. Bhunia, Arun K. Kim, Hyochin Reed, Sue A. Tu, Shu-I TI Mixed culture enrichment of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Co-enrichment; E. coli O157:H7; Listeria monocytogenes; Mixed culture; Salmonella enterica; Yersinia enterocolitica ID O157-H7; TYPHIMURIUM; GROWTH; FOODS; BROTH; PCR AB Rapid methods for testing foods for the presence of pathogenic bacteria typically suffer from poor sensitivity and therefore require large concentrations of the bacteria to be present for detection. Food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria may often contain only a very small number of the microorganisms making their direct detection very challenging even with existing state-of-the-art methods. Therefore prior to detection, it may be of pertinence to increase the number of potentially present pathogenic bacteria through growth in an appropriate culture medium. Furthermore, multiplexed testing for the presence of different bacteria in food samples necessitates the ability to simultaneously increase, through growth/culture, the concentration of each targeted bacterial pathogen to a detectable level. We have evaluated several commercially available and custom media preparations for their ability to support the simultaneous growth of the following bacteria: Escherichia coli O157:H7. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Growth conditions (primarily enrichment media formulation and incubation temperature) that resulted in multiplication of all four pathogens to ca. 1 x 10(5) cells/mL within 24 h or less were considered sufficient as a culture enrichment step prior to testing with most rapid methods. Axenic culture enrichment of all the bacteria for 18 h readily yielded concentrations significantly greater than 1 x 10(5) cells/mL for each of 5 different growth media. Mixed culture enrichment of the bacteria in pristine culture media and ground pork slurries indicated that several of the tested conditions appeared to be suitable for the growth of the selected bacteria to the targeted detection level, with the exception of L monocytogenes in the ground meat (inoculated at 1.1 CFU/mL). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gehring, Andrew G.; Albin, David M.; Reed, Sue A.; Tu, Shu-I] ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Bhunia, Arun K.; Kim, Hyochin] Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Mol Food Microbiol Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andrew.gehring@ars.usda.gov RI Bhunia, Arun/K-7639-2012 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD AUG PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.047 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 944XX UT WOS:000304238200010 ER PT J AU Ayrilmis, N Akbulut, T Dundar, T White, RH Mengeloglu, F Buyuksari, U Candan, Z Avci, E AF Ayrilmis, Nadir Akbulut, Turgay Dundar, Turker White, Robert H. Mengeloglu, Fatih Buyuksari, Umit Candan, Zeki Avci, Erkan TI Effect of boron and phosphate compounds on physical, mechanical, and fire properties of wood-polypropylene composites SO CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Boron compounds; Fire-retardant; Flammability; Phosphate compounds; Thermoplastics; Wood plastic composite ID MAGNESIUM-HYDROXIDE; FLAME-RETARDANT AB Physical, mechanical, and fire properties of the injection-molded wood flour/polypropylene composites incorporated with different contents of boron compounds; borax/boric acid and zinc borate, and phosphate compounds; mono and diammonium phosphates were investigated. The effect of the coupling agent content, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, on the properties of the composites with fire-retardant was also investigated. The composites with the zinc borate had the highest dimensional stability and strength in the bending, tensile, and izod impact, followed by the monoammonium phosphate, borax/boric acid, and diammonium phosphate treatments. The treatments produced modest improvements in fire performance as indicated by reductions in the heat release rates. Best results were achieved with the phosphate treatments. The Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy elemental mapping of the samples revealed that the outer surface of the wood fibers was coated by some crystalline deposits of the fire-retardants. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ayrilmis, Nadir; Akbulut, Turgay; Dundar, Turker; Candan, Zeki; Avci, Erkan] Istanbul Univ, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [White, Robert H.] US Forest Serv, Durabil & Wood Protect Res Work Unit, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI USA. [Mengeloglu, Fatih] Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, Fac Forestry, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. [Buyuksari, Umit] Duzce Univ, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, Fac Forestry, Duzce, Turkey. RP Ayrilmis, N (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM nadiray@istanbul.edu.tr RI Ayrilmis, Nadir/F-1573-2015 FU Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey [2396] FX This work has been supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Project No: 2396. Its support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory for the cone calorimetry tests. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0618 J9 CONSTR BUILD MATER JI Constr. Build. Mater. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 33 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.01.013 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 941OS UT WOS:000303973100009 ER PT J AU McKeown, MS Trabelsi, S Tollner, EW Nelson, SO AF McKeown, Murat Sean Trabelsi, Samir Tollner, Ernest William Nelson, Stuart O. TI Dielectric spectroscopy measurements for moisture prediction in Vidalia onions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Dielectric properties; Dielectric constant; Dielectric loss factor; Vidalia onion; Spectroscopy; Moisture; Permittivity ID MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; WHEAT AB Microwave sensing offers an opportunity to determine nondestructively the amount of moisture in materials by sensing the dielectric properties of the material. Dielectric properties of Vidalia onions grown in southeastern Georgia were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and network analyzer in the range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz. Frequency dependence and moisture dependence of dielectric properties were analyzed for moisture contents between 8% and 91%. Moisture content was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant at higher frequencies for the entire moisture range. A density-independent function that incorporates both the dielectric constant and loss factor was tested across multiple frequencies and moisture ranges. Use of this function enabled prediction of moisture content with high accuracy (R-2 = 0.99) up to 40% moisture content. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McKeown, Murat Sean; Tollner, Ernest William] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Trabelsi, Samir] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Nelson, Stuart O.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP McKeown, MS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mckeown@uga.edu; samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov; btollner@uga.edu; stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 111 IS 3 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.02.034 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 937VM UT WOS:000303691100004 ER PT J AU Kang, J Thakali, KM Xie, CH Kondo, M Tong, YD Ou, BX Jensen, G Medina, MB Schauss, AG Wu, XL AF Kang, Jie Thakali, Keshari M. Xie, Chenghui Kondo, Miwako Tong, Yudong Ou, Boxin Jensen, Gitte Medina, Marjorie B. Schauss, Alexander G. Wu, Xianli TI Bioactivities of acai (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) fruit pulp, superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to Euterpe oleracea Mart SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acai; Euterpe precatoria Mart.; Antioxidant; Anti-inflammation; Carotenoid ID AMAZONIAN PALM BERRY; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; CAPACITY; FOODS; ASSAY; CELLS; PHENOLICS; PLASMA AB There are two predominant palm tree species producing edible fruit known as "acai" found widely dispersed through the Amazon: Euterpe oleracea Mart. and Euterpe precatoria Mart. They differ from each other in terms of how the plants grow and their phytochemical composition. E. oleracea (EO) has received considerable attention as a "super fruit" because of its high antioxidant capacity, while studies on E. precatoria (EP) remain rare. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of EP fruit pulps were evaluated by different assays including a series of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) based assays, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the cell-based antioxidant protection in erythrocyte (CAP-e) assay, as well as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay. Total phenolics were also measured as an indication of the total phenol content. For comparative purposes, the EO fruit pulp was included. The antioxidant capacity of the EP fruit pulp was determined to be superior to the EO fruit pulp in every chemical based assay. In the cell-based CAP-e assay, the EP fruit pulp showed a dose-dependent inhibition against oxidative damage with an IC50 of 0.167 g/l. In the SEAP reporter assay, the EP fruit pulp polyphenol-rich extracts inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-kappa B activation by 23% (p<0.05) at 20 mu g/ml, whereas the extract of the EO fruit pulp did not show a significant inhibitory effect at comparable doses. In addition, carotenoids were quantified for the first time in EP, since EP has high scavenging capacity against singlet oxygen. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schauss, Alexander G.] AIBMR Life Sci, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. [Kang, Jie; Thakali, Keshari M.; Xie, Chenghui; Tong, Yudong; Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, USDA Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Kondo, Miwako; Ou, Boxin] Brunswick Labs, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Jensen, Gitte] NIS Labs, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Medina, Marjorie B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schauss, AG (reprint author), AIBMR Life Sci, 4117 S Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. EM alex@aibmr.com; wuxianli@uams.edu FU MonaVie LLC (South ordan, UT) FX The authors appreciate the partial financial support received from MonaVie LLC (South ordan, UT). NR 31 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 133 IS 3 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.048 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 928MH UT WOS:000302986400009 ER PT J AU Min, B Gu, LW McClung, AM Bergman, CJ Chen, MH AF Min, Byungrok Gu, Liwei McClung, Anna M. Bergman, Christine J. Chen, Ming-Hsuan TI Free and bound total phenolic concentrations, antioxidant capacities, and profiles of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins in whole grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) of different bran colours SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pigmented; Whole grain; Phenolics; Proanthocyanidins; Anthocyanins; Antioxidant capacity; Brown rice ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CANCER CELLS; PROCYANIDINS; COCOA; ACIDS; RED; MECHANISM; INHIBIT; GROWTH; TRIMER AB To study the polyphenols in whole grain rice varying in bran colour, the total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacities of the solvent-extractable (Free) and cell-wall bound (Bound) fractions and the profiles of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins were determined. Red and purple bran rices had significantly higher total (sum of Free- and Bound-) phenolic (PC) and flavonoid (FC) concentrations and antioxidant capacities than light-coloured bran rice or other cereals (P<0.05), due to their higher concentrations of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. respectively. The concentrations of the Bound-PC and FC accounted for approximately half of the total PC and FC in the light-coloured bran rice, but were lower than those in purple and red bran rice (P<0.05). High correlations were found between the concentrations of total phenolics and the three antioxidant capacity assays except for those in the bound fraction when related to iron chelating capacity. The concentrations of proanthocyanidins in red bran rice was 1.27 mg/g and its composition was 6.5%, 33.5%, 30.6% and 29.4% of 1-3, 4-6, 7-10 mers, and polymer (>10 mers), respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin and peonidin-3-glucoside was the second highest: the profiles varied between purple bran cultivars. Whole grain rice differing in bran colour contained unique polyphenol subgroups, which have been proposed to positively impact human health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Min, Byungrok; McClung, Anna M.; Chen, Ming-Hsuan] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Gu, Liwei] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Food Sci & Human Nutr Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bergman, Christine J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Food & Beverage, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM ming.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 11 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 133 IS 3 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.079 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 928MH UT WOS:000302986400015 ER PT J AU You, FM Deal, KR Wang, JR Britton, MT Fass, JN Lin, DW Dandekar, AM Leslie, CA Aradhya, M Luo, MC Dvorak, J AF You, Frank M. Deal, Karin R. Wang, Jirui Britton, Monica T. Fass, Joseph N. Lin, Dawei Dandekar, Abhaya M. Leslie, Charles A. Aradhya, Mallikarjuna Luo, Ming-Cheng Dvorak, Jan TI Genome-wide SNP discovery in walnut with an AGSNP pipeline updated for SNP discovery in allogamous organisms SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE BAC; Physical map; BAC end sequence; Infinium; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Genome sequence; SOLiD; Walnut; AGSNP ID JUGLANS-REGIA L.; BURROWS-WHEELER TRANSFORM; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENOTYPING ASSAY; READ ALIGNMENT; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SEQUENCE; MARKERS; IMPLEMENTATION; ASSOCIATION AB Background: A genome-wide set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a valuable resource in genetic research and breeding and is usually developed by re-sequencing a genome. If a genome sequence is not available, an alternative strategy must be used. We previously reported the development of a pipeline (AGSNP) for genome-wide SNP discovery in coding sequences and other single-copy DNA without a complete genome sequence in self-pollinating (autogamous) plants. Here we updated this pipeline for SNP discovery in outcrossing (allogamous) species and demonstrated its efficacy in SNP discovery in walnut (Juglans regia L.). Results: The first step in the original implementation of the AGSNP pipeline was the construction of a reference sequence and the identification of single-copy sequences in it. To identify single-copy sequences, multiple genome equivalents of short SOLiD reads of another individual were mapped to shallow genome coverage of long Sanger or Roche 454 reads making up the reference sequence. The relative depth of SOLiD reads was used to filter out repeated sequences from single-copy sequences in the reference sequence. The second step was a search for SNPs between SOLiD reads and the reference sequence. Polymorphism within the mapped SOLiD reads would have precluded SNP discovery; hence both individuals had to be homozygous. The AGSNP pipeline was updated here for using SOLiD or other type of short reads of a heterozygous individual for these two principal steps. A total of 32.6X walnut genome equivalents of SOLiD reads of vegetatively propagated walnut scion cultivar 'Chandler' were mapped to 48,661 'Chandler' bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences (BESs) produced by Sanger sequencing during the construction of a walnut physical map. A total of 22,799 putative SNPs were initially identified. A total of 6,000 Infinium II type SNPs evenly distributed along the walnut physical map were selected for the construction of an Infinium BeadChip, which was used to genotype a walnut mapping population having 'Chandler' as one of the parents. Genotyping results were used to adjust the filtering parameters of the updated AGSNP pipeline. With the adjusted filtering criteria, 69.6% of SNPs discovered with the updated pipeline were real and could be mapped on the walnut genetic map. A total of 13,439 SNPs were discovered by BES re-sequencing. BESs harboring SNPs were in 677 FPC contigs covering 98% of the physical map of the walnut genome. Conclusion: The updated AGSNP pipeline is a versatile SNP discovery tool for a high-throughput, genome-wide SNP discovery in both autogamous and allogamous species. With this pipeline, a large set of SNPs were identified in a single walnut cultivar. C1 [You, Frank M.; Deal, Karin R.; Wang, Jirui; Dandekar, Abhaya M.; Leslie, Charles A.; Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [You, Frank M.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Britton, Monica T.; Fass, Joseph N.; Lin, Dawei] Univ Calif Davis, Bioinformat Core Facil, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Aradhya, Mallikarjuna] USDA ARS, Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP You, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM frank.you@agr.gc.ca; jdvorak@ucdavis.edu FU California Walnut Marketing Board [106-10162]; UC Discovery Grants [IT106-10162] FX The authors thank the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the California Walnut Marketing Board (106-10162) and UC Discovery Grants (IT106-10162). NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 38 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 31 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 354 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-354 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 059WK UT WOS:000312736000001 PM 22849334 ER PT J AU Rockweit, JT Franklin, AB Bakken, GS Gutierrez, RJ AF Rockweit, Jeremy T. Franklin, Alan B. Bakken, George S. Gutierrez, R. J. TI Potential Influences of Climate and Nest Structure on Spotted Owl Reproductive Success: A Biophysical Approach SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT SELECTION; PREDATION RISK; CLUTCH SIZE; TEMPERATURE; ANIMALS; ORIENTATION; PASSERINES; INCUBATION; WEATHER AB Many bird species do not make their own nests; therefore, selection of existing sites that provide adequate microclimates is critical. This is particularly true for owls in north temperate climates that often nest early in the year when inclement weather is common. Spotted owls use three main types of nest structures, each of which are structurally distinct and may provide varying levels of protection to the eggs or young. We tested the hypothesis that spotted owl nest configuration influences nest microclimate using both experimental and observational data. We used a wind tunnel to estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient (h(c)) of eggs in 25 potential nest configurations that mimicked 2 nest types (top-cavity and platform nests), at 3 different wind speeds. We then used the estimates of h(c) in a biophysical heat transfer model to estimate how long it would take unattended eggs to cool from incubation temperature (similar to 36 degrees C) to physiological zero temperature (PZT; similar to 26 degrees C) under natural environmental conditions. Our results indicated that the structural configuration of nests influences the cooling time of the eggs inside those nests, and hence, influences the nest microclimate. Estimates of time to PZT ranged from 10.6 minutes to 33.3 minutes. Nest configurations that were most similar to platform nests always had the fastest egg cooling times, suggesting that platform nests were the least protective of those nests we tested. Our field data coupled with our experimental results suggested that nest choice is important for the reproductive success of owls during years of inclement weather or in regions characterized by inclement weather during the nesting season. C1 [Rockweit, Jeremy T.; Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Franklin, Alan B.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bakken, George S.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Rockweit, JT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rockweit@rams.colostate.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Region 5 FX Funding for this project was provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 5. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41498 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041498 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 982LS UT WOS:000307045600031 PM 22859993 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, C Dardick, C Callahan, A Scorza, R AF Srinivasan, Chinnathambi Dardick, Chris Callahan, Ann Scorza, Ralph TI Plum (Prunus domestica) Trees Transformed with Poplar FT1 Result in Altered Architecture, Dormancy Requirement, and Continuous Flowering SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENE; L.; GROWTH; PEACH; OVEREXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; IDENTITY; POPULUS AB The Flowering Locus T1 (FT1) gene from Populus trichocarpa under the control of the 35S promoter was transformed into European plum (Prunus domestica L). Transgenic plants expressing higher levels of FT flowered and produced fruits in the greenhouse within 1 to 10 months. FT plums did not enter dormancy after cold or short day treatments yet field planted FT plums remained winter hardy down to at least -10 degrees C. The plants also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes atypical for plum including shrub-type growth habit and panicle flower architecture. The flowering and fruiting phenotype was found to be continuous in the greenhouse but limited to spring and fall in the field. The pattern of flowering in the field correlated with lower daily temperatures. This apparent temperature effect was subsequently confirmed in growth chamber studies. The pleitropic phenotypes associated with FT1 expression in plum suggests a fundamental role of this gene in plant growth and development. This study demonstrates the potential for a single transgene event to markedly affect the vegetative and reproductive growth and development of an economically important temperate woody perennial crop. We suggest that FT1 may be a useful tool to modify temperate plants to changing climates and/or to adapt these crops to new growing areas. C1 [Srinivasan, Chinnathambi; Dardick, Chris; Callahan, Ann; Scorza, Ralph] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Srinivasan, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM chris.dardick@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; USDA NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative [0220036] FX This work was funded by the USDA-ARS and a grant from the USDA NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative (#0220036). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 51 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40715 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040715 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981EY UT WOS:000306950900010 PM 22859952 ER PT J AU Xin, ZG Chen, JP AF Xin, Zhanguo Chen, Junping TI A high throughput DNA extraction method with high yield and quality SO PLANT METHODS LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction; CTAB; MagAttract ID MUTAGENESIS; GENOME; GENES; PCR AB Background: Preparation of large quantity and high quality genomic DNA from a large number of plant samples is a major bottleneck for most genetic and genomic analyses, such as, genetic mapping, TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesion IN Genome), and next-generation sequencing directly from sheared genomic DNA. A variety of DNA preparation methods and commercial kits are available. However, they are either low throughput, low yield, or costly. Here, we describe a method for high throughput genomic DNA isolation from sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] leaves and dry seeds with high yield, high quality, and affordable cost. Results: We developed a high throughput DNA isolation method by combining a high yield CTAB extraction method with an improved cleanup procedure based on MagAttract kit. The method yielded large quantity and high quality DNA from both lyophilized sorghum leaves and dry seeds. The DNA yield was improved by nearly 30 fold with 4 times less consumption of MagAttract beads. The method can also be used in other plant species, including cotton leaves and pine needles. Conclusion: A high throughput system for DNA extraction from sorghum leaves and seeds was developed and validated. The main advantages of the method are low cost, high yield, high quality, and high throughput. One person can process two 96-well plates in a working day at a cost of $0.10 per sample of magnetic beads plus other consumables that other methods will also need. C1 [Xin, Zhanguo; Chen, Junping] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Xin, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM Zhanguo.Xin@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 53 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-4811 J9 PLANT METHODS JI Plant Methods PD JUL 28 PY 2012 VL 8 AR 26 DI 10.1186/1746-4811-8-26 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 007VF UT WOS:000308915800001 PM 22839646 ER PT J AU McDaneld, TG Smith, TPL Harhay, GP Wiedmann, RT AF McDaneld, Tara G. Smith, Tim P. L. Harhay, Gregory P. Wiedmann, Ralph T. TI Next-Generation Sequencing of the Porcine Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome for Computational Prediction of MicroRNA Gene Targets SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED REGULATION; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; RNA; HYPERTROPHY; CONTRACTION; SPECIFICITY; METABOLISM; PATHWAY; MIRNAS AB Background: MicroRNA are a class of small RNAs that regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation of protein encoding transcripts through targeting of a microRNA-protein complex by base-pairing of the microRNA sequence to cognate recognition sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA. Target identification for a given microRNA sequence is generally accomplished by informatics analysis of predicted mRNA sequences present in the genome or in databases of transcript sequence for the tissue of interest. However, gene models for porcine skeletal muscle transcripts in current databases, specifically complete sequence of the 3' UTR, are inadequate for this exercise. Methodology/Principal Findings: To provide data necessary to identify gene targets for microRNA in porcine skeletal muscle, normalized cDNA libraries were sequenced using Roche 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing and de novo assembly of transcripts enriched in the 3' UTR was performed using the MIRA sequence assembly program. Over 725 million bases of sequence were generated, which assembled into 18,202 contigs. Sequence reads were mapped to a 3' UTR database containing porcine sequences. The 3' UTR that mapped to the database were examined to predict targets for previously identified microRNA that had been separately sequenced from the same porcine muscle sample used to generate the cDNA libraries. For genes with microRNA-targeted 3' UTR, KEGG pathways were computationally determined in order to identify potential functional effects of these microRNA-targeted transcripts. Conclusions: Through next-generation sequencing of transcripts expressed in skeletal muscle, mapping reads to a 3' UTR database, and prediction of microRNA target sites in the 3' UTR, our results identified genes expressed in porcine skeletal muscle and predicted the microRNA that target these genes. Additionally, identification of pathways regulated by these microRNA-targeted genes provides us with a set of genes that can be further evaluated for their potential role in skeletal muscle development and growth. C1 [McDaneld, Tara G.; Smith, Tim P. L.] ARS, Genet & Breeding Res Unit, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Harhay, Gregory P.] ARS, Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Wiedmann, Ralph T.] ARS, Reprod Res Unit, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP McDaneld, TG (reprint author), ARS, Genet & Breeding Res Unit, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM tara.mcdaneld@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e42039 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042039 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981ER UT WOS:000306950200149 PM 22848698 ER PT J AU Dreesen, L Rinaldi, M Chiers, K Li, R Geurden, T Van den Broeck, W Goddeeris, B Vercruysse, J Claerebout, E Geldhof, P AF Dreesen, Leentje Rinaldi, Manuela Chiers, Koen Li, Robert Geurden, Thomas Van den Broeck, Wim Goddeeris, Bruno Vercruysse, Jozef Claerebout, Edwin Geldhof, Peter TI Microarray Analysis of the Intestinal Host Response in Giardia duodenalis Assemblage E Infected Calves SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LAMBLIA; IMMUNITY; NORMALIZATION; INFLAMMATION; VARIANCE; GENOTYPE; CHILDREN; PROTOZOA AB Despite Giardia duodenalis being one of the most commonly found intestinal pathogens in humans and animals, little is known about the host-parasite interactions in its natural hosts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal response in calves following a G. duodenalis infection, using a bovine high-density oligo microarray to analyze global gene expression in the small intestine. The resulting microarray data suggested a decrease in inflammation, immune response, and immune cell migration in infected animals. These findings were examined in more detail by histological analyses combined with quantitative real-time PCR on a panel of cytokines. The transcription levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-gamma showed a trend of being downregulated in the jejunum of infected animals compared to the negative controls,. No immune cell recruitment could be seen after infection, and no intestinal pathologies, such as villus shortening or increased levels of apoptosis. Possible regulators of this intestinal response are the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPAR alpha), and gamma (PPAR gamma) and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA), all for which an upregulated expression was found in the microarray and qRT-PCR analyses. C1 [Dreesen, Leentje; Rinaldi, Manuela; Geurden, Thomas; Goddeeris, Bruno; Vercruysse, Jozef; Claerebout, Edwin; Geldhof, Peter] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Chiers, Koen] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pathol Bacteriol & Avian Dis, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Li, Robert] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. [Van den Broeck, Wim] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Morphol, Merelbeke, Belgium. RP Dreesen, L (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Merelbeke, Belgium. EM peter.geldhof@UGent.be RI Goddeeris, Bruno/L-2440-2015 OI Goddeeris, Bruno/0000-0003-3729-7592 FU Ghent University [BOF09/GOA/002] FX The project was funded by the Concerted Research Actions of Ghent University (grant number BOF09/GOA/002). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40985 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040985 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981ER UT WOS:000306950200036 PM 22848418 ER PT J AU Young, HA Sarath, G Tobias, CM AF Young, Hugh A. Sarath, Gautam Tobias, Christian M. TI Karyotype variation is indicative of subgenomic and ecotypic differentiation in switchgrass SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Switchgrass; Cytogenetics; CHIAS IV; Perennial biofeedstocks; Dihaploids; Renewable energy; Polyploidy ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; IMAGING METHODS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CHROMOSOME MAP; ZEA-MAYS; SPECIATION; POPULATIONS AB Background: Karyotypes can provide information about taxonomic relationships, genetic aberrations, and the evolutionary origins of species. However, differentiation of the tiny chromosomes of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and creation of a standard karyotype for this bioenergy crop has not been accomplished due to lack of distinguishing features and polyploidy. Results: A cytogenetic study was conducted on a dihaploid individual (2n = 2X = 18) of switchgrass to establish a chromosome karyotype. Size differences, condensation patterns, and arm-length ratios were used as identifying features and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) assigned 5S and 45S rDNA loci to chromosomes 7 and 2 respectively. Both a maize CentC and a native switchgrass centromeric repeat (PviCentC) that shared 73% sequence identity demonstrated a strong signal on chromosome 3. However, only the PviCentC probe labeled the centromeres of all chromosomes. Unexpected PviCentC and 5S rDNA hybidization patterns were consistent with severe reduction or total deletion of these repeats in one subgenome. These patterns were maintained in tetraploid and octoploid individuals. The 45S rDNA repeat produced the expected number of loci in dihaploid, tetraploid and octoploid individuals. Differences observed at the 5S rDNA loci between the upland and lowland ecotypes of switchgrass provided a basis for distinguishing these subpopulations. Conclusion: Collectively, these results provide a quantitative karyotype of switchgrass chromosomes. FISH analyses indicate genetic divergence between subgenomes and allow for the classification of switchgrass plants belonging to divergent genetic pools. Furthermore, the karyotype structure and cytogenetic analysis of switchgrass provides a framework for future genetic and genomic studies. C1 [Young, Hugh A.; Tobias, Christian M.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] UNL, USDA, Central E Reg Biomass Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM christian.tobias@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) Current Research Information System (CRIS) [5325-21000-017]; USDA-ARS CRIS [5440-21000-028-00]; Joint USDA/Department of Energy Office of Science Feedstock genomics grant [DE-AI02-09ER64829] FX We thank Denise Costich and Grace Chan for critical review of the manuscript. We also thank Bernd Friebe, Rachael Wang, and Denise Costich for excellent technical advice. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. This work supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) Current Research Information System (CRIS) 5325-21000-017, USDA-ARS CRIS 5440-21000-028-00, and by a Joint USDA/Department of Energy Office of Science Feedstock genomics grant DE-AI02-09ER64829. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 117 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-117 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 038UB UT WOS:000311198500001 PM 22834676 ER PT J AU Luo, J Mitra, A Tian, F Chang, S Zhang, HM Cui, KR Yu, Y Zhao, KJ Song, JZ AF Luo, Juan Mitra, Apratim Tian, Fei Chang, Shuang Zhang, Huanmin Cui, Kairong Yu, Ying Zhao, Keji Song, Jiuzhou TI Histone Methylation Analysis and Pathway Predictions in Chickens after MDV Infection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; T-CELLS; CANCER RECURRENCE; DNA METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICRORNA GENES; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; NITRIC-OXIDE; HUMAN GENOME; STEM-CELLS AB Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chicken induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Although studies have focused on the genetic differences between the resistant and susceptible chicken, less is known about the role of epigenetic factors in MD. In this study, genome-wide histone modifications in the non-MHC-associated resistant and susceptible chicken lines were examined. We found that tri-methylation at histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me3) enrichment is positively correlated with the expression of protein coding genes as well as microRNA (miRNA) genes, whereas tri-methylation at histone H3 Lys27 (H3K27me3) exhibits a negative correlation. By identifying line-specific histone modifications in MDV infection, we found unique H3K4me3 islands in the resistant chicken activated genes, which are related to immune response and cell adhesion. Interestingly, we also found some miRNAs from unique H3K27me3 patterns in the susceptible chickens that targeted genes involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor and adrenergic receptor pathways. In conclusion, dynamic line-specific histone modifications in response to MDV infection suggested that intrinsic epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in MD-resistance and -susceptibility. C1 [Luo, Juan; Mitra, Apratim; Tian, Fei; Yu, Ying; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chang, Shuang; Zhang, Huanmin] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Cui, Kairong; Zhao, Keji] NHLBI, Lab Mol Immunol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chang, Shuang] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Song, JZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM songj88@umd.edu FU National Research Initiative from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [USDA-NRI/NIFA 2008-35204-04660, USDA-NRI/NIFA 2010-65205-20588] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. USDA-NRI/NIFA 2008-35204-04660 and USDA-NRI/NIFA 2010-65205-20588 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41849 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041849 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012MO UT WOS:000309240600054 PM 22848633 ER PT J AU Wood, TE Silver, WL AF Wood, Tana E. Silver, Whendee L. TI Strong spatial variability in trace gasdynamics following experimental drought in a humid tropical forest SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SUBTROPICAL WET FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE LOSSES; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; NITROUS-OXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS EMISSIONS; PUERTO-RICO AB Soil moisture is a key driver of biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems, strongly affecting carbon (C) and nutrient availability as well as trace gas production and consumption in soils. Models predict increasing drought frequency in tropical forest ecosystems, which could feed back on future climate change directly via effects on trace gasdynamics and indirectly through changes in nutrient availability. We used throughfall exclusion shelters to determine effects of short-term (3 month) drought on trace gas fluxes and nutrient availability in humid tropical forests in Puerto Rico. Exclusion and control plots were replicated within and across three topographic zones (ridge, slope, valley) to account for spatial heterogeneity typical of these ecosystems. Throughfall exclusion reduced soil moisture in all sites and lowered exchangeable phosphorus (P) on ridges and slopes. Drought decreased soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 30% in ridge sites and 28% in slope sites, and increased net methane (CH4) consumption by 480% in valley sites. Both valley and ridge sites became net nitrous oxide (N2O) sinks in response to soil drying. Emissions of CO2 and N2O, as well as CH4 consumption were positively related to exchangeable P and the nitrate: ammonium ratio. These findings suggest that drought has the potential to decrease net trace gas emissions from humid tropical forest soils. The differential response of trace gas emissions and nutrients from different topographic zones to drought underscores the complexity of biogeochemical cycling in these ecosystems and the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity when estimating whole system responses. C1 [Wood, Tana E.; Silver, Whendee L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94209 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Wood, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford 3114, Berkeley, CA 94209 USA. EM wood.tana@gmail.com RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF [DEB-0620910]; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) as part of the Luquillo LTER program; USDA-IITF; California Agricultural Experiment Station [7673-MS]; [DEB-0543558] FX We thank A. E. Lugo for his invaluable support in Puerto Rico and for the lively discussions on this topic. B. Quintero, M.J. Sanchez, C. Torrens, C. Estrada, H. Robles, D. Liptzin, D. Matthews, and A. Thompson helped in the field and in the laboratory. Research support was provided by a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship to TEW, and DEB-0620910 from NSF to the Institute of Tropical Ecosystem Studies (IEET), University of Puerto Rico, and the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) as part of the Luquillo LTER program. Additional support was provided by USDA-IITF. WLS received support from DEB-0543558 and the California Agricultural Experiment Station (7673-MS). NR 81 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 77 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB3005 DI 10.1029/2010GB004014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 980XJ UT WOS:000306927200001 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Cermak, SC AF Jackson, Michael A. Cermak, Steven C. TI Cross ketonization of Cuphea sp oil with acetic acid over a composite oxide of Fe, Ce, and Al SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Cuphea oil; Ketonization; 2-Undecanone; Insect repellent; Ceria ID CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CATALYTIC KETONIZATION; ZIRCONIUM-OXIDES; KETONES; CERIA; CONVERSION; MANGANESE; PROMOTER; ESTERS AB The objective of this work was to demonstrate the viability of the cross ketonization reaction with the triacylglycerol from Cuphea sp. and acetic acid in a fixed-bed plug-flow reactor. The seed oil from Cuphea sp. contains up to 71% decanoic acid and the reaction of this fatty acid residue with acetic acid yields the fragrance compound and insect repellent 2-undecanone. To this end, we screened several ketonization catalysts taken from the literature including CeO2, CeO2/Al2O3, CeO2/ZrO2, MnOx/Al2O3. The catalysts were characterized by N-2 adsorption/desorption, H-2-TPH, CO2-TPD, and XRD. Each of these catalysts affected the conversion but the highest yield was found with a new coprecipitated mixed metal oxide of empirical formula Fe0.5Ce0.2Al0.3Ox. In a flow reactor, Fe0.5Ce0.2Al0.3Ox gave 2-undecanone at 91% theoretical yield with reaction conditions of 400 degrees C, weight hourly space velocity of 2, molar ratio of acetic acid to Cuphea oil of 23, and N-2 carrier gas flow of 125 ml/min at 2.4 bar. This high yield is attributed to the low rate of coke formation on the mixed metal catalyst. In the absence of acetic acid, coupling of the decanoic acid residues gives 10-ketononadecane. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jackson, Michael A.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cermak, Steven C.] ARS, Biooil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM michael.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 431 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.04.034 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971MT UT WOS:000306208700021 ER PT J AU Cox, CL Stanhope, KL Schwarz, JM Graham, JL Hatcher, B Griffen, SC Bremer, AA Berglund, L McGahan, JP Keim, NL Havel, PJ AF Cox, Chad L. Stanhope, Kimber L. Schwarz, Jean Marc Graham, James L. Hatcher, Bonnie Griffen, Steven C. Bremer, Andrew A. Berglund, Lars McGahan, John P. Keim, Nancy L. Havel, Peter J. TI Consumption of fructose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks increases circulating concentrations of uric acid, retinol binding protein-4, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in overweight/obese humans SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VISCERAL ADIPOSITY; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; OBESITY; LIPIDS; LIVER; INFLAMMATION AB Background: Prospective studies in humans examining the effects of fructose consumption on biological markers associated with the development of metabolic syndrome are lacking. Therefore we investigated the relative effects of 10 wks of fructose or glucose consumption on plasma uric acid and RBP-4 concentrations, as well as liver enzyme (AST, ALT, and GGT) activities in men and women. Methods: As part of a parallel arm study, older (age 40-72), overweight and obese male and female subjects (BMI 25-35 kg/m(2)) consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 wks. Fasting and 24-h blood collections were performed at baseline and following 10 wks of intervention and plasma concentrations of uric acid, RBP-4 and liver enzyme activities were measured. Results: Consumption of fructose, but not glucose, led to significant increases of 24-h uric acid profiles (P < 0.0001) and RBP-4 concentrations (P = 0.012), as well as plasma GGT activity (P = 0.04). Fasting plasma uric acid concentrations increased in both groups; however, the response was significantly greater in subjects consuming fructose (P = 0.002 for effect of sugar). Within the fructose group male subjects exhibited larger increases of RBP-4 levels than women (P = 0.024). Conclusions: These findings suggest that consumption of fructose at 25% of energy requirements for 10 wks, compared with isocaloric consumption of glucose, may contribute to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome by increasing circulating uric acid, GGT activity, suggesting alteration of hepatic function, and the production of RBP-4. C1 [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Graham, James L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cox, Chad L.; Stanhope, Kimber L.; Graham, James L.; Hatcher, Bonnie; Keim, Nancy L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schwarz, Jean Marc] Touro Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Coll Osteopath Med, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Griffen, Steven C.; Berglund, Lars] UCD Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Bremer, Andrew A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Keim, Nancy L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McGahan, John P.] UCD Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Havel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhavel@ucdavis.edu FU NIH grant [RO1 HL-075675, HL-091333, AT-003545, DK-097307]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR024146]; National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH Roadmap for Medical Research; USDA-ARS [CRIS 5306-51530-016-00D] FX The authors thank Marinelle Nunez, Brandi Bair, Rebecca Stewart, Sara Wuehler, Barbara Gale, Artem Dyachenko and Patrick Lam for their excellent technical support and Nicole Mullen and the nursing staff at the CCRC for their dedicated nursing support. We also thank Janet Peerson for expert advice on the statistical analysis of the data. This research was supported with funding from NIH grant RO1 HL-075675. The project also received support from Grant Number UL1 RR024146 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Dr. Havel's laboratory also receives support from NIH grants HL-091333, AT-003545, and DK-097307. Dr. Keim's research is supported by intramural USDA-ARS CRIS 5306-51530-016-00D. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD JUL 24 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 68 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-9-68 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 015TN UT WOS:000309469200001 PM 22828276 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Bassi, FM Paux, E Al-Azzam, O De Jimenez, MM Denton, AM Gu, YQ Huttner, E Kilian, A Kumar, S Goyal, A Iqbal, MJ Tiwari, VK Dogramaci, M Balyan, HS Dhaliwal, HS Gupta, PK Randhawa, GS Feuillet, C Pawlowski, WP Kianian, SF AF Kumar, Ajay Bassi, Filippo M. Paux, Etienne Al-Azzam, Omar de Jimenez, Monika Michalak Denton, Anne M. Gu, Yong Q. Huttner, Eric Kilian, Andrzej Kumar, Sachin Goyal, Aakash Iqbal, Muhammad J. Tiwari, Vijay K. Dogramaci, Munevver Balyan, Harindra S. Dhaliwal, Harcharan S. Gupta, Pushpendra K. Randhawa, Gursharn S. Feuillet, Catherine Pawlowski, Wojciech P. Kianian, Shahryar F. TI DNA repair and crossing over favor similar chromosome regions as discovered in radiation hybrid of Triticum SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Non homologous end joining; Physical mapping; Gamma radiation; Deletion mutant; Chromatin; Wheat chromosome 3B; Radiation hybrid ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; GENOME SEQUENCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; AESTIVUM L.; EVOLUTION; GENE; MAP; 3B; CHROMATIN AB Background: The uneven distribution of recombination across the length of chromosomes results in inaccurate estimates of genetic to physical distances. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 3B, it has been estimated that 90% of the cross over events occur in distal sub-telomeric regions representing 40% of the chromosome. Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping which does not rely on recombination is a strategy to map genomes and has been widely employed in animal species and more recently in some plants. RH maps have been proposed to provide i) higher and ii) more uniform resolution than genetic maps, and iii) to be independent of the distribution patterns observed for meiotic recombination. An in vivo RH panel was generated for mapping chromosome 3B of wheat in an attempt to provide a complete scaffold for this similar to 1 Gb segment of the genome and compare the resolution to previous genetic maps. Results: A high density RH map with 541 marker loci anchored to chromosome 3B spanning a total distance of 1871.9 cR was generated. Detailed comparisons with a genetic map of similar quality confirmed that i) the overall resolution of the RH map was 10.5 fold higher and ii) six fold more uniform. A significant interaction (r = 0.879 at p = 0.01) was observed between the DNA repair mechanism and the distribution of crossing-over events. This observation could be explained by accepting the possibility that the DNA repair mechanism in somatic cells is affected by the chromatin state in a way similar to the effect that chromatin state has on recombination frequencies in gametic cells. Conclusions: The RH data presented here support for the first time in vivo the hypothesis of non-casual interaction between recombination hot-spots and DNA repair. Further, two major hypotheses are presented on how chromatin compactness could affect the DNA repair mechanism. Since the initial RH application 37 years ago, we were able to show for the first time that the iii) third hypothesis of RH mapping might not be entirely correct. C1 [Kumar, Ajay; Bassi, Filippo M.; de Jimenez, Monika Michalak; Iqbal, Muhammad J.; Kianian, Shahryar F.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Paux, Etienne; Feuillet, Catherine] INRA UBP 1095, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Al-Azzam, Omar; Denton, Anne M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Gu, Yong Q.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Huttner, Eric; Kilian, Andrzej] Divers Arrays Technol Pty Ltd, Yarralumla, ACT 2600, Australia. [Kumar, Sachin; Goyal, Aakash; Balyan, Harindra S.; Gupta, Pushpendra K.] Ch Charan Singh Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Meerut 25004, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Tiwari, Vijay K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dogramaci, Munevver] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Dhaliwal, Harcharan S.] Eternal Univ, Akal Sch Biotechnol, Baru Sahib 173101, India. [Randhawa, Gursharn S.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Pawlowski, Wojciech P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kianian, SF (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM S.Kianian@NDSU.edu FU National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program (NSF-PGRP) [IOS-0822100]; Program Master and Back Regione Autonoma della Sardegna; Monsanto Beachell-Borlaug International Scholarship; NSF-PGRP Developing Country Collaboration FX The authors wish to thank Justin Hegstad and Allen Peckrul for assistance in the development of RH panel and capable technical support throughout the research; Dr. Matthew Hayden (VABC, Melbourne, AUS) for precious contributions in designing the DEASY control marker; Dr. Nellye Cubizolles (INRA, Clermont Ferrand, FR) for technical support in the use of cfp markers; Dr. Cyrille Saintenac (INRA, Clermont Ferrand, FR) and his collaborators for making publicly available their excellent work. This work was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program (NSF-PGRP) grant No. IOS-0822100 to SFK. Additional support from the NSF-PGRP Developing Country Collaboration aided the assistance of student interns A. Kumar, S.K., A.G., and V.T.; F.M.B was partially supported by Program Master and Back Regione Autonoma della Sardegna and Monsanto Beachell-Borlaug International Scholarship. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 24 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-339 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 008DX UT WOS:000308938700001 PM 22827734 ER PT J AU Chodavarapu, RK Feng, SH Ding, B Simon, SA Lopez, D Jia, YL Wang, GL Meyers, BC Jacobsen, SE Pellegrini, M AF Chodavarapu, Ramakrishna K. Feng, Suhua Ding, Bo Simon, Stacey A. Lopez, David Jia, Yulin Wang, Guo-Liang Meyers, Blake C. Jacobsen, Steven E. Pellegrini, Matteo TI Transcriptome and methylome interactions in rice hybrids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; plant biology ID DNA METHYLATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR-BASIS; ORYZA-SATIVA; GENOME; HETEROSIS; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE; REVEALS; SEARCH AB DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark that controls gene expression, is responsive to environmental stresses, and, in plants, may also play a role in heterosis. To determine the degree to which DNA methylation is inherited in rice, and how it both influences and is affected by transcription, we performed genome-wide measurements of these patterns through an integrative analysis of bisulfite-sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and siRNA-sequencing data in two inbred parents of the Nipponbare (NPB) and indica (93-11) varieties of rice and their hybrid offspring. We show that SNPs occur at a rate of about 1/253 bp between the two parents and that these are faithfully transmitted into the hybrids. We use the presence of these SNPs to reconstruct the two chromosomes in the hybrids according to their parental origin. We found that, unlike genetic inheritance, epigenetic heritability is quite variable. Cytosines were found to be differentially methylated (epimutated) at a rate of 7.48% (1/15 cytosines) between the NPB and 93-11 parental strains. We also observed that 0.79% of cytosines were epimutated between the parent and corresponding hybrid chromosome. We found that these epimutations are often clustered on the chromosomes, with clusters representing 20% of all epimutations between parental ecotypes, and 2-5% in F1 plants. Epimutation clusters are also strongly associated with regions where the production of siRNA differs between parents. Finally, we identified genes with both allele-specific expression patterns that were strongly inherited as well as those differentially expressed between hybrids and the corresponding parental chromosome. We conclude that much of the misinheritance of expression levels is likely caused by epimutations and trans effects. C1 [Chodavarapu, Ramakrishna K.; Feng, Suhua; Lopez, David; Jacobsen, Steven E.; Pellegrini, Matteo] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Feng, Suhua] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Jacobsen, Steven E.; Pellegrini, Matteo] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ding, Bo; Wang, Guo-Liang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Simon, Stacey A.; Meyers, Blake C.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Jia, Yulin] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Jacobsen, Steven E.; Pellegrini, Matteo] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Eli & Edythe Broad Ctr Regenerat Med & Stem Cell, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Jacobsen, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jacobsen@ucla.edu; matteop@mcdb.ucla.edu RI Meyers, Blake/B-6535-2012 OI Meyers, Blake/0000-0003-3436-6097 FU NIH [GM07104]; US National Science Foundation [0701745] FX We thank Jonathan Hetzel and William Wong for their assistance with sequencing. R. K. C. is supported by NIH Training Grant GM07104. S. F. is a Special Fellow of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. S.E.J. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This project was supported by the US National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program No. 0701745. NR 31 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 56 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 24 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 30 BP 12040 EP 12045 DI 10.1073/pnas.1209297109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981TD UT WOS:000306992700039 PM 22778444 ER PT J AU Hanberry, BB Dey, DC He, HS AF Hanberry, Brice B. Dey, Dan C. He, Hong S. TI Regime Shifts and Weakened Environmental Gradients in Open Oak and Pine Ecosystems SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FOREST COMPOSITION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MISSOURI OZARKS; FIRE REGIME; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; REDCEDAR; DECLINE AB Fire suppression allows tree species that are intolerant of fire stress to increase their distribution, potentially resulting in disruption of historical species-environmental relationships. To measure changes between historical General Land Office surveys (1815 to 1850) and current USDA Forest Inventory and Assessment surveys (2004 to 2008), we compared composition, distribution, and site factors of 21 tree species or species groups in the Missouri Ozarks. We used 24 environmental variables and random forests as a classification method to model distributions. Eastern redcedar, elms, maples, and other fire-sensitive species have increased in dominance in oak forests, with concurrent reductions by oak species; specific changes varied by ecological subsection. Ordinations displayed loss of separation between formerly distinctive oak and fire-sensitive tree species groups. Distribution maps showed decreased presence of disturbance-dependent oak and pine species and increased presence of fire-sensitive species that generally expanded from subsections protected from fire along rivers to upland areas, except for eastern redcedar, which expanded into these subsections. Large scale differences in spatial gradients between past and present communities paralleled reduced influence of local topographic gradients in the varied relief of the Missouri Ozarks, as fire-sensitive species have moved to higher, drier, and sunnier sites away from riverine corridors. Due to changes in land use, landscapes in the Missouri Ozarks, eastern United States, and world-wide are changing from open oak and pine-dominated ecosystems to novel oak-mixed species forests, although at fine scales, forests are becoming more diverse in tree species today. Fire suppression weakened the influence by environmental gradients over species dominance, allowing succession from disturbance-dependent oaks to an alternative state of fire-sensitive species. Current and future research and conservation that rely on historical relationships and ecological principles based on disturbance across the landscape will need to incorporate modern interactions among species for resources into management plans and projections. C1 [Hanberry, Brice B.; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dey, Dan C.] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO USA. RP Hanberry, BB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hanberryb@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU National Fire Plan of the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX Funding was provided by the National Fire Plan of the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. However, the work was completed without any contact with the sponsoring agency. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 24 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41337 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041337 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 978NX UT WOS:000306751300031 PM 22848467 ER PT J AU Zehr, ES Tabatabai, LB Bayles, DO AF Zehr, Emilie S. Tabatabai, Louisa B. Bayles, Darrell O. TI Genomic and proteomic characterization of SuMu, a Mu-like bacteriophage infecting Haemophilus parasuis SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus parasuis; Bacteriophage; Virulence ID IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; PHAGE; TOOL; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY AB Background: Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of Glasser's disease, is prevalent in swine herds and clinical signs associated with this disease are meningitis, polyserositis, polyarthritis, and bacterial pneumonia. Six to eight week old pigs in segregated early weaning herds are particularly susceptible to the disease. Insufficient colostral antibody at weaning or the mixing of pigs with heterologous virulent H. parasuis strains from other farm sources in the nursery or grower-finisher stage are considered to be factors for the outbreak of Glasser's disease. Previously, a Mu-like bacteriophage portal gene was detected in a virulent swine isolate of H. parasuis by nested polymerase chain reaction. Mu-like bacteriophages are related phyologenetically to enterobacteriophage Mu and are thought to carry virulence genes or to induce host expression of virulence genes. This study characterizes the Mu-like bacteriophage, named SuMu, isolated from a virulent H. parasuis isolate. Results: Characterization was done by genomic comparison to enterobacteriophage Mu and proteomic identification of various homologs by mass spectrometry. This is the first report of isolation and characterization of this bacteriophage from the Myoviridae family, a double-stranded DNA bacteriophage with a contractile tail, from a virulent field isolate of H. parasuis. The genome size of bacteriophage SuMu was 37,151 bp. DNA sequencing revealed fifty five open reading frames, including twenty five homologs to Mu-like bacteriophage proteins: Nlp, phage transposase-C-terminal, COG2842, Gam-like protein, gp16, Mor, peptidoglycan recognition protein, gp29, gp30, gpG, gp32, gp34, gp36, gp37, gpL, phage tail tube protein, DNA circulation protein, gpP, gp45, gp46, gp47, COG3778, tail fiber protein gp37-C terminal, tail fiber assembly protein, and Com. The last open reading frame was homologous to IS1414. The G + C content of bacteriophage SuMu was 41.87% while its H. parasuis host genome's G + C content was 39.93%. Twenty protein homologs to bacteriophage proteins, including 15 structural proteins, one lysogeny-related and one lysis-related protein, and three DNA replication proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. One of the tail proteins, gp36, may be a virulence-related protein. Conclusions: Bacteriophage SuMu was characterized by genomic and proteomic methods and compared to enterobacteriophage Mu. C1 [Zehr, Emilie S.; Tabatabai, Louisa B.] ARS, US Dept Agr Ruminant Dis & Immunol, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Zehr, ES (reprint author), ARS, US Dept Agr Ruminant Dis & Immunol, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM emilie.zehr@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 23 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 331 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-331 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 008DU UT WOS:000308938400001 PM 22823751 ER PT J AU Shange, RS Ankumah, RO Ibekwe, AM Zabawa, R Dowd, SE AF Shange, Raymon S. Ankumah, Ramble O. Ibekwe, Abasiofiok M. Zabawa, Robert Dowd, Scot E. TI Distinct Soil Bacterial Communities Revealed under a Diversely Managed Agroecosystem SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; IMPACT; RATES AB Land-use change and management practices are normally enacted to manipulate environments to improve conditions that relate to production, remediation, and accommodation. However, their effect on the soil microbial community and their subsequent influence on soil function is still difficult to quantify. Recent applications of molecular techniques to soil biology, especially the use of 16S rRNA, are helping to bridge this gap. In this study, the influence of three land-use systems within a demonstration farm were evaluated with a view to further understand how these practices may impact observed soil bacterial communities. Replicate soil samples collected from the three land-use systems (grazed pine forest, cultivated crop, and grazed pasture) on a single soil type. High throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was used to generate sequence datasets. The different land use systems showed distinction in the structure of their bacterial communities with respect to the differences detected in cluster analysis as well as diversity indices. Specific taxa, particularly Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and classes of Proteobacteria, showed significant shifts across the land-use strata. Families belonging to these taxa broke with notions of copio- and oligotrphy at the class level, as many of the less abundant groups of families of Actinobacteria showed a propensity for soil environments with reduced carbon/nutrient availability. Orders Actinomycetales and Solirubrobacterales showed their highest abundance in the heavily disturbed cultivated system despite the lowest soil organic carbon (SOC) values across the site. Selected soil properties ([SOC], total nitrogen [TN], soil texture, phosphodiesterase [PD], alkaline phosphatase [APA], acid phosphatase [ACP] activity, and pH) also differed significantly across land-use regimes, with SOM, PD, and pH showing variation consistent with shifts in community structure and composition. These results suggest that use of pyrosequencing along with traditional analysis of soil physiochemical properties may provide insight into the ecology of descending taxonomic groups in bacterial communities. C1 [Shange, Raymon S.; Ankumah, Ramble O.] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Ibekwe, Abasiofiok M.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. [Zabawa, Robert] Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Mol Res LP, Shallowater, TX USA. RP Shange, RS (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM rshange2946@mytu.tuskegee.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-McIntyre-Stennis Forest Service Grant [ALX-MSFSW 0219038]; United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant [ALX-SWQ 0211874] FX The work for this publication was funded by a United States Department of Agriculture-McIntyre-Stennis Forest Service Grant (ALX-MSFSW 0219038; http://www.csrees.usda.gov/about/offices/legis/mcintirestennis.html), and a United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant (ALX-SWQ 0211874; http://www.csrees.usda.gov/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 77 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40338 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040338 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977TM UT WOS:000306687700011 PM 22844402 ER PT J AU Blackwood, JC Berec, L Yamanaka, T Epanchin-Niell, RS Hastings, A Liebhold, AM AF Blackwood, Julie C. Berec, Ludek Yamanaka, Takehiko Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca S. Hastings, Alan Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Bioeconomic synergy between tactics for insect eradication in the presence of Allee effects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; eradication; management cost; interaction of control tactics ID GYPSY-MOTH; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; SPREAD; RISK; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; ECONOMICS; ECOLOGY AB Preventing the establishment of invading pest species can be beneficial with respect to averting future environmental and economic impacts and also in preventing the accumulation of control costs. Allee effects play an important role in the dynamics of newly established, low-density populations by driving small populations into self-extinction, making Allee effects critical in influencing outcomes of eradication efforts. We consider interactions between management tactics in the presence of Allee effects to determine cost-effective and time-efficient combinations to achieve eradication by developing a model that considers pesticide application, predator augmentation and mating disruption as control tactics, using the gypsy moth as a case study. Our findings indicate that given a range of constant expenditure levels, applying moderate levels of pesticides in conjunction with mating disruption increases the Allee threshold which simultaneously substantially decreases the time to eradication relative to either tactic alone. In contrast, increasing predation in conjunction with other tactics requires larger economic expenditures to achieve similar outcomes for the use of pesticide application or mating disruption alone. These results demonstrate the beneficial synergy that may arise from nonlinearities associated with the simultaneous application of multiple eradication tactics and offer new prospects for preventing the establishment of damaging non-native species. C1 [Blackwood, Julie C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Blackwood, Julie C.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Study Complex Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Berec, Ludek] Biol Ctr ASCR, Inst Entomol, Dept Biosystemat & Ecol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Yamanaka, Takehiko] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Biodivers Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca S.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hastings, Alan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Blackwood, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM juliecb@umich.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Berec, Ludek/G-7253-2014 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Berec, Ludek/0000-0002-2419-3324 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; US Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Asheville, NC, USA; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre ASCR [Z50070508] FX This work was conducted as part of the Applying population ecology to strategies for eradicating invasive forest insects Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (grant no. EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, the State of California and the US Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Asheville, NC, USA. L.B. acknowledges funding from the Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre ASCR (Z50070508). We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 22 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1739 BP 2807 EP 2815 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.0255 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959ED UT WOS:000305294500014 PM 22438497 ER PT J AU Parnell, S Gottwald, TR Gilks, WR van den Bosch, F AF Parnell, S. Gottwald, T. R. Gilks, W. R. van den Bosch, F. TI Estimating the incidence of an epidemic when it is first discovered and the design of early detection monitoring SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sampling; Model; Surveillance; Disease ID MOUTH-DISEASE; FOOT; EMERGENCE; MODELS AB The early detection of an invading epidemic is crucial for successful disease control. Although models have been used extensively to test control strategies following the first detection of an epidemic, few studies have addressed the issue of how to achieve early detection in the first place. Moreover, sampling theory has made great progress in understanding how to estimate the incidence or spatial distribution of an epidemic but how to sample for early detection has been largely ignored. Using a simple epidemic model we demonstrate a method to calculate the incidence of an epidemic when it is discovered for the first time (given a monitoring programme taking samples at regular intervals). We use the method to explore how the intensity and frequency of sampling influences early detection. In particular, we find that for epidemics characterised by high population growth rates it is most effective to spread sampling resources evenly in time. In addition we derive a useful approximation to our method which results in a simple equation capturing the relation between monitoring and epidemic dynamics. Not only does this provide valuable new insight but it provides a simple rule of thumb for the design of monitoring programmes in practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parnell, S.; Gilks, W. R.; van den Bosch, F.] Rothamsted Res, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Gilks, W. R.] Univ Leeds, Sch Math, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Parnell, S (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM stephen.parnell@rothamsted.ac.uk RI parnell, stephen/I-7682-2015 OI parnell, stephen/0000-0002-2625-4557 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Bill FX Rothamsted Research receives support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). This work was partly funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Bill. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUL 21 PY 2012 VL 305 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.03.009 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 959JF UT WOS:000305308000004 PM 22480434 ER PT J AU Lee, LF Heidari, M Zhang, HM Lupiani, B Reddy, SM Fadly, A AF Lee, Lucy F. Heidari, Mohammad Zhang, Huanmin Lupiani, Blanca Reddy, Sanjay M. Fadly, Aly TI Cell culture attenuation eliminates rMd5 Delta Meq-induced bursal and thymic atrophy and renders the mutant virus as an effective and safe vaccine against Marek's disease SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; Recombinant MDV; Meq oncogene; Vaccine parameters; Vaccine safety and efficacy; Bursal and thymus atrophy; Cell culture passage ID VIRULENT PLUS STRAIN; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; CONFERS PROTECTION; MEQ; HERPESVIRUS; EFFICACY; GENE; REPLICATION; EXPANSION AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) encodes a basic leucine zipper oncoprotein, Meq, which structurally resembles jun/fos family of transcriptional activators. It has been clearly demonstrated that deletion of Meq results in loss of transformation and oncogenic capacity of MDV. The rMd5 Delta Meq virus provided superior protection than CVI988/Rispens vaccine in 15 x 7 chickens when challenged with a very virulent plus (vv+) strain of MDV, 648A. The rMd5 Delta Meq construct was also shown to be an effective vaccine in commercial chickens that were challenged under field conditions by exposure to seeder chicken inoculated with MDV strain 686, a vv+ and arguably the most pathogenic strain of MDV. Although deletion of Meq gene renders the virus non-oncogenic, it still induces lymphoid organ atrophy like that of the parental rMd5, in highly susceptible MDV maternal antibody negative (MAb-) chickens. We have generated 50 cell culture passages of attenuated rMd5 Delta Meq viruses and found no significant lymphoid organ atrophy beginning at 40th passage onward when compared with the normal control chickens. The protective ability of these attenuated Meq null viruses against challenge with vv+ MDV strain 686 is similar to the original virus at 19th passage in maternal antibody negative chickens. The data indicate that attenuation of these Meq null viruses has no influence on their protective efficacy, but eliminated lymphoid organ atrophy and rendered them safe to use even in MAb- chickens, a characteristic that should facilitate commercialization and licensing by vaccine manufacturers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Lucy F.; Heidari, Mohammad; Zhang, Huanmin; Fadly, Aly] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Lupiani, Blanca; Reddy, Sanjay M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM leelu@msu.edu FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDAS National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65119-20547] FX We thank Mr. Barry Coulson for his excellent technical assistance. This project was partially supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2010-65119-20547 (to S.M.R. and B.L.) from the USDAS National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 20 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 34 BP 5151 EP 5158 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.043 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 981PP UT WOS:000306982000013 PM 22687760 ER PT J AU Xu, PX Garczynski, SF Atungulu, E Syed, Z Choo, YM Vidal, DM Zitelli, CHL Leal, WS AF Xu, Pingxi Garczynski, Stephen F. Atungulu, Elizabeth Syed, Zainulabeuddin Choo, Young-Moo Vidal, Diogo M. Zitelli, Caio H. L. Leal, Walter S. TI Moth Sex Pheromone Receptors and Deceitful Parapheromones SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; IDENTIFICATION; PYRALIDAE; HELIOTHIS; COMMUNICATION; COMPONENTS; SENSILLA; ANTENNAE AB The insect's olfactory system is so selective that male moths, for example, can discriminate female-produced sex pheromones from compounds with minimal structural modifications. Yet, there is an exception for this "lock-and-key'' tight selectivity. Formate analogs can be used as replacement for less chemically stable, long-chain aldehyde pheromones, because male moths respond physiologically and behaviorally to these parapheromones. However, it remained hitherto unknown how formate analogs interact with aldehyde-sensitive odorant receptors (ORs). Neuronal responses to semiochemicals were investigated with single sensillum recordings. Odorant receptors (ORs) were cloned using degenerate primers, and tested with the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Quality, relative quantity, and purity of samples were evaluated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in trichoid sensilla on the antennae of male navel orangeworm that responded equally to the main constituent of the sex pheromone, (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal (Z11Z13-16Ald), and its formate analog, (9Z,11Z)-tetradecen-1-yl formate (Z9Z11-14OFor). We cloned an odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) and aldehyde-sensitive ORs from the navel orangeworm, one of which (AtraOR1) was expressed specifically in male antennae. AtraOR1 center dot AtraOrco-expressing oocytes responded mainly to Z11Z13-16Ald, with moderate sensitivity to another component of the sex pheromone, (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadien-1-ol. Surprisingly, this receptor was more sensitive to the related formate than to the natural sex pheromone. A pheromone receptor from Heliothis virescens, HR13 (=HvirOR13) showed a similar profile, with stronger responses elicited by a formate analog than to the natural sex pheromone, (11Z)-hexadecenal thus suggesting this might be a common feature of moth pheromone receptors. C1 [Xu, Pingxi; Atungulu, Elizabeth; Syed, Zainulabeuddin; Choo, Young-Moo; Vidal, Diogo M.; Zitelli, Caio H. L.; Leal, Walter S.] Univ Calif Davis, Honorary Maeda Duffey Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Garczynski, Stephen F.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. RP Xu, PX (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Honorary Maeda Duffey Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wsleal@ucdavis.edu RI Vidal, Diogo/G-4262-2011; OI Vidal, Diogo/0000-0002-1157-4179; Leal, Walter/0000-0002-6800-1240 FU National Science Foundation [0918177]; AFRI competitive from USDA-NIFA [2010-65105-20582]; National Institutes of Health [1R01AI095514-01A1]; NRI grant from USDA-NIFA [2008-35302-18839]; Washington Tree Fruit Commission; CAPES FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant 0918177, AFRI competitive grant 2010-65105-20582 from USDA-NIFA, and National Institutes of Health, 1R01AI095514-01A1 to W.S.L. S.F.G. was supported by NRI grant 2008-35302-18839 from USDA-NIFA and grants from the Washington Tree Fruit Commission. D.M.V. and C.H.L.Z. were supported by CAPES undergraduate scholarship. The funders played no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 20 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41653 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041653 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977GL UT WOS:000306644600088 PM 22911835 ER PT J AU Puchala, R Animut, G Patra, AK Detweiler, GD Wells, JE Varel, VH Sahlu, T Goetsch, AL AF Puchala, R. Animut, G. Patra, A. K. Detweiler, G. D. Wells, J. E. Varel, V. H. Sahlu, T. Goetsch, A. L. TI Methane emissions by goats consuming Sericea lespedeza at different feeding frequencies SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Condensed tannins; Goats; Methane ID CONDENSED TANNINS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; IN-VITRO; TEMPERATE FORAGES; RUMEN; RUMINANTS; PASTURE; SHEEP; DIGESTIBILITY; REQUIREMENTS AB Twenty-four yearling Boer (87.5%) x Spanish wethers (32.5 +/- 0.36 kg body weight) were used in a 32 d experiment to assess effects of frequency of feeding condensed tannin (CT)-containing Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) on ruminal methane emission. Fresh SL (153 g/kg CT) was fed at 1.3 times the metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance every day (1SL), other day (2SL), fourth day (4SL), and eighth day (8SL), with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) offered at the same level on other days. Ruminal fluid for microbial assays was collected 1 d after SL feeding and at the end of the feeding interval (short and long interval samples, respectively). Dry matter intake was not affected by frequency of SL feeding. Daily ruminal methane emissions increased at a decreasing rate (Linear and Quadratic; P<0.01) as frequency of SL feeding decreased (6.3, 7.4, 10.5, 12.0 g/d for 1SL, 2SL, 4SL, and 8SL, respectively), but emissions on days when SL was fed were not affected by SL feeding frequency (6.3, 6.4, 6.7, 7.0 g/d, respectively). There were carryover effects of feeding SL on ruminal methane emissions. For example, with 8SL ruminal methane emission did not reach a maximum until day 5-6, or 4-5 days after SL was first fed. Energy in ruminally emitted methane relative to digestible energy intake increased linearly (P<0.05) as frequency of SL feeding decreased (49, 48, 66, 81 kJ/MJ for 1SL, 2SL, 4SL, and 8SL, respectively). The number of protozoa in the short interval sample was not affected by frequency of feeding SL (5.2, 5.3, 5.7, 6.5 x 10(5)/ml), whereas the number in the long interval sample increased at a decreasing rate (Linear P<0.01; Quadratic P=0.02) as frequency of SL feeding decreased (6.5, 10.4, 18.4, 20.5 x 10(5)/ml for 1SL, 2SL, 4SL, and 8SL, respectively). In vitro methane emissions (3 wk incubation in serum bottles for methanogens; indicative of methanogen presence and activity in ruminal fluid) were lower for short than for long samples (19.0 and 24.2 ml, respectively) and increased linearly (P<0.05) as frequency of SL feeding decreased (19.3, 19.3, 23.0, 24.8 for 1SL, 2SL, 4SL, and 8SL, respectively). In conclusion, the influence of CT containing SL on ruminal methane emission was immediate and short-lived, and the effect appeared attributable to activity of methanogenic bacteria and possibly ciliate protozoa. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Puchala, R.; Animut, G.; Patra, A. K.; Detweiler, G. D.; Sahlu, T.; Goetsch, A. L.] Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Wells, J. E.; Varel, V. H.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@langston.edu FU USDA [2004-38814-15045] FX This experiment was supported by USDA Project Number 2004-38814-15045. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JUL 20 PY 2012 VL 175 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.03.015 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 963DQ UT WOS:000305600700009 ER PT J AU Schaefer, K Schwalm, CR Williams, C Arain, MA Barr, A Chen, JM Davis, KJ Dimitrov, D Hilton, TW Hollinger, DY Humphreys, E Poulter, B Raczka, BM Richardson, AD Sahoo, A Thornton, P Vargas, R Verbeeck, H Anderson, R Baker, I Black, TA Bolstad, P Chen, JQ Curtis, PS Desai, AR Dietze, M Dragoni, D Gough, C Grant, RF Gu, LH Jain, A Kucharik, C Law, B Liu, SG Lokipitiya, E Margolis, HA Matamala, R McCaughey, JH Monson, R Munger, JW Oechel, W Peng, CH Price, DT Ricciuto, D Riley, WJ Roulet, N Tian, HQ Tonitto, C Torn, M Weng, ES Zhou, XL AF Schaefer, Kevin Schwalm, Christopher R. Williams, Chris Arain, M. Altaf Barr, Alan Chen, Jing M. Davis, Kenneth J. Dimitrov, Dimitre Hilton, Timothy W. Hollinger, David Y. Humphreys, Elyn Poulter, Benjamin Raczka, Brett M. Richardson, Andrew D. Sahoo, Alok Thornton, Peter Vargas, Rodrigo Verbeeck, Hans Anderson, Ryan Baker, Ian Black, T. Andrew Bolstad, Paul Chen, Jiquan Curtis, Peter S. Desai, Ankur R. Dietze, Michael Dragoni, Danilo Gough, Christopher Grant, Robert F. Gu, Lianhong Jain, Atul Kucharik, Chris Law, Beverly Liu, Shuguang Lokipitiya, Erandathie Margolis, Hank A. Matamala, Roser McCaughey, J. Harry Monson, Russ Munger, J. William Oechel, Walter Peng, Changhui Price, David T. Ricciuto, Dan Riley, William J. Roulet, Nigel Tian, Hanqin Tonitto, Christina Torn, Margaret Weng, Ensheng Zhou, Xiaolu TI A model-data comparison of gross primary productivity: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; DIOXIDE FLUXES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CO2 EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; BOREAL FORESTS; HIGH-ELEVATION; SOIL-MOISTURE AB Accurately simulating gross primary productivity (GPP) in terrestrial ecosystem models is critical because errors in simulated GPP propagate through the model to introduce additional errors in simulated biomass and other fluxes. We evaluated simulated, daily average GPP from 26 models against estimated GPP at 39 eddy covariance flux tower sites across the United States and Canada. None of the models in this study match estimated GPP within observed uncertainty. On average, models overestimate GPP in winter, spring, and fall, and underestimate GPP in summer. Models overpredicted GPP under dry conditions and for temperatures below 0 degrees C. Improvements in simulated soil moisture and ecosystem response to drought or humidity stress will improve simulated GPP under dry conditions. Adding a low-temperature response to shut down GPP for temperatures below 0 degrees C will reduce the positive bias in winter, spring, and fall and improve simulated phenology. The negative bias in summer and poor overall performance resulted from mismatches between simulated and observed light use efficiency (LUE). Improving simulated GPP requires better leaf-to-canopy scaling and better values of model parameters that control the maximum potential GPP, such as epsilon(max) (LUE), V-cmax (unstressed Rubisco catalytic capacity) or Jmax (the maximum electron transport rate). C1 [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwalm, Christopher R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Williams, Chris] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Davis, Kenneth J.; Raczka, Brett M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dimitrov, Dimitre; Price, David T.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Hilton, Timothy W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Poulter, Benjamin] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sahoo, Alok] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Thornton, Peter; Gu, Lianhong; Ricciuto, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vargas, Rodrigo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol & Conservac, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Vargas, Rodrigo] Univ Delaware, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE USA. [Verbeeck, Hans] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, Plant Ecol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Anderson, Ryan] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Baker, Ian; Lokipitiya, Erandathie] Univ Colombo, Dept Zool, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Bolstad, Paul; Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dietze, Michael] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gough, Christopher] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Grant, Robert F.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Jain, Atul] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kucharik, Chris] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kucharik, Chris] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Law, Beverly] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] United States Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Margolis, Hank A.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McCaughey, J. Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Monson, Russ] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Oechel, Walter] San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oechel, Walter] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oechel, Walter] CRI Fdn Edmund Mach, San Michele All Adige, Italy. [Peng, Changhui; Zhou, Xiaolu] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Riley, William J.; Torn, Margaret] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Roulet, Nigel] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tonitto, Christina] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Weng, Ensheng] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schaefer, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org RI Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Peng, Changhui/G-8248-2012; Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Verbeeck, Hans/A-2106-2009; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; OI Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518; Verbeeck, Hans/0000-0003-1490-0168; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Kucharik, Christopher/0000-0002-0400-758X; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Hilton, Timothy/0000-0001-9575-9850; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173 FU NOAA Award [NA07OAR4310115]; U.S. National Science Foundation grant [ATM-0910766]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science for AmeriFlux Science Team [DE-FG02-04ER63911] FX We thank the North American Carbon Program Site-Level Interim Synthesis team and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center for collecting, organizing, and distributing the model output and flux observations required for this analysis. We thank Dennis Baldocchi, Lawrence Flanagan, Ni Golaz, Gabrial Katul, Kim Novick, Paul Stoy, and Shashi B. Verma for providing valuable data and advice during the development of this paper. This research was partly funded by NOAA Award NA07OAR4310115 and U.S. National Science Foundation grant ATM-0910766; funding was also provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science for AmeriFlux Science Team research to develop measurement and data submission protocols and conduct quality assurance of measurements for AmeriFlux investigators (Grant DE-FG02-04ER63911). NR 110 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 6 U2 108 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 19 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G03010 DI 10.1029/2012JG001960 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 977XP UT WOS:000306698500002 ER PT J AU Gao, F Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Wang, YJ AF Gao, Feng Anderson, Martha C. Kustas, William P. Wang, Yujie TI Simple method for retrieving leaf area index from Landsat using MODIS leaf area index products as reference SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE leaf area index; Landsat; MODIS; SMEX02 field campaign ID SURFACE REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; HETEROGENEITY; VALIDATION; FRACTION; IMAGERY; ENERGY; MODEL AB Leaf area index (LAI) is a key parameter in most land surface models. Models that operate at multiple spatial scales may require consistent LAI inputs at different spatial resolutions or from different sensors. For example, the atmosphere-land exchange inverse model and associated disaggregation algorithm (DisALEXI) use the moderate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) LAI product to model fluxes at regional scales (1- to 10-km grid resolution), and Landsat-based LAI to disaggregate to field scale (30-m grid). In order to make a MODIS-consistent LAI product from Landsat imagery for this combined scheme, a simple reference-based regression tree approach was developed. This approach uses homogeneous and high-quality LAI retrievals from MODIS as references to develop a regression tree relating these MODIS LAI samples to Landsat surface reflectances. Results show that the approach can produce accurate estimates of LAI from Landsat, as evaluated using field measurements collected during the soil moisture experiment of 2002, conducted in central Iowa during a period of rapid vegetation growth. The coefficient of determination (r(2)) computed between Landsat retrievals and field measurements was 0.94 at the field scale, with an overall mean bias error (MBE) of -0.07 and mean absolute difference (MAD) of 0.23. MAD values of 0.17 and 0.32 were obtained for low to moderate LAI (0-3) and high LAI (>3), respectively, with some underestimation for the high LAI (MBE -0.28). The LAI maps retrieved from Landsat were consistent with the MODIS estimates when aggregated to coarser scales. MAD computed between Landsat- and MODIS-derived LAI ranged from 0.07 to 0.83 for different Landsat dates, with no significant bias compared to MODIS high-quality retrievals. This approach demonstrates a simple framework for producing MODIS-consistent LAI from Landsat data for modeling the land surface at different spatial scales. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063554] C1 [Gao, Feng; Anderson, Martha C.; Kustas, William P.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Yujie] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Feng.Gao@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Science Team program; NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Science Team program and the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program. Special thanks go to A. Stern and B. Akhmedou for providing additional LAI field measurements in Walnut Creek watershed published by Dr. P. C. Doraiswamy, and to Dr. P. Beeson for valuable discussions. The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 7202600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S. W., Washington, D. C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063554 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063554 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 994OX UT WOS:000307941600001 ER PT J AU Gautami, B Fonceka, D Pandey, MK Moretzsohn, MC Sujay, V Qin, HD Hong, YB Faye, I Chen, XP BhanuPrakash, A Shah, TM Gowda, MVC Nigam, SN Liang, XQ Hoisington, DA Guo, BZ Bertioli, DJ Rami, JF Varshney, RK AF Gautami, Bhimana Fonceka, Daniel Pandey, Manish K. Moretzsohn, Marcio C. Sujay, Venkataswamy Qin, Hongde Hong, Yanbin Faye, Issa Chen, Xiaoping BhanuPrakash, Amindala Shah, Trushar M. Gowda, Makanahally V. C. Nigam, Shyam N. Liang, Xuanqiang Hoisington, Dave A. Guo, Baozhu Bertioli, David J. Rami, Jean-Francois Varshney, Rajeev K. TI An International Reference Consensus Genetic Map with 897 Marker Loci Based on 11 Mapping Populations for Tetraploid Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP; CULTIVATED PEANUT; RFLP MAP; SSR MARKERS; GENOME; RESISTANCE; BARLEY; MAIZE; TRAIT; QTLS AB Only a few genetic maps based on recombinant inbred line (RIL) and backcross (BC) populations have been developed for tetraploid groundnut. The marker density, however, is not very satisfactory especially in the context of large genome size (2800 Mb/1C) and 20 linkage groups (LGs). Therefore, using marker segregation data for 10 RILs and one BC population from the international groundnut community, with the help of common markers across different populations, a reference consensus genetic map has been developed. This map is comprised of 897 marker loci including 895 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 2 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) loci distributed on 20 LGs (a01-a10 and b01-b10) spanning a map distance of 3, 863.6 cM with an average map density of 4.4 cM. The highest numbers of markers (70) were integrated on a01 and the least number of markers (21) on b09. The marker density, however, was lowest (6.4 cM) on a08 and highest (2.5 cM) on a01. The reference consensus map has been divided into 20 cM long 203 BINs. These BINs carry 1 (a10_02, a10_08 and a10_09) to 20 (a10_04) loci with an average of 4 marker loci per BIN. Although the polymorphism information content (PIC) value was available for 526 markers in 190 BINs, 36 and 111 BINs have at least one marker with >0.70 and >0.50 PIC values, respectively. This information will be useful for selecting highly informative and uniformly distributed markers for developing new genetic maps, background selection and diversity analysis. Most importantly, this reference consensus map will serve as a reliable reference for aligning new genetic and physical maps, performing QTL analysis in a multi-populations design, evaluating the genetic background effect on QTL expression, and serving other genetic and molecular breeding activities in groundnut. C1 [Gautami, Bhimana; Pandey, Manish K.; Sujay, Venkataswamy; BhanuPrakash, Amindala; Shah, Trushar M.; Nigam, Shyam N.; Hoisington, Dave A.; Varshney, Rajeev K.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Ctr Excellence Genom, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Fonceka, Daniel; Rami, Jean-Francois] Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev CIRAD, UMR Dev & Ameliorat Plantes, Montpellier, France. [Pandey, Manish K.; Qin, Hongde] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Pandey, Manish K.; Guo, Baozhu] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Moretzsohn, Marcio C.] EMBRAPA Genet Resources & Biotechnol, Plant Genet Lab, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Sujay, Venkataswamy; Gowda, Makanahally V. C.] Univ Agr Sci UAS D, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. [Qin, Hongde] HAAS, Cash Crop Res Inst, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yanbin; Chen, Xiaoping; Liang, Xuanqiang; Varshney, Rajeev K.] GAAS, Crops Res Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Faye, Issa] ISRA, CNRA, Bambey, Senegal. [Bertioli, David J.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Genet, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Varshney, Rajeev K.] CIMMYT, CGIAR Generat Challenge Programme GCP, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Gautami, B (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Ctr Excellence Genom, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM r.k.varshney@cgiar.org RI Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014 OI Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131 FU Generation Challenge Programme of Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) FX Financial support from Generation Challenge Programme (http://www.generationcp.org) of Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is gratefully acknowledged. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41213 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041213 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 975YY UT WOS:000306548900099 PM 22815973 ER PT J AU Wood, DF Siebenmorgen, TJ Williams, TG Orts, WJ Glenn, GM AF Wood, Delilah F. Siebenmorgen, Terry J. Williams, Tina G. Orts, William J. Glenn, Gregory M. TI Use of Microscopy To Assess Bran Removal Patterns in Milled Rice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Microscopy; rice milling; lipid localization; lipid staining ID NILE RED; MILLING CHARACTERISTICS; LIPID-CONTENT; BROWN RICE; KERNEL; WHEAT; ACID; FRACTIONS; ENDOSPERM; CULTIVARS AB During rice milling, the bran and germ are successively removed from the caryopsis (kernel). Because bran and germ contain large quantities of lipid, the amount of lipid remaining on the kernel surface may be used as a method for the assessment of milling quality. Bulk samples of rice pureline varieties and an experimental hybrid were milled for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that brown rice kernels had large contours of linear protuberances and depressions running lengthwise along the kernel surface. The protuberances were abraded successively during milling, but varying amounts of material remained in the depressions. Light microscopy combined with the lipid-specific probes Nile Blue A or Sudan Black B demonstrated that the material in the depressions observed with SEM was lipid. Sections of whole, milled rice kernels, prepared using a modified sectioning technique and stained with Nile Blue A, showed that portions of the embryo remain after milling and that lipid is located on or near the surface of the kernel. Differences in quantity and distribution of residual lipid as milling duration increased were documented photographically to indicate the extent to which the bran and embryo components were removed during milling. This paper provides proof of concept that residual lipid is a robust measure of the degree of milling. C1 [Wood, Delilah F.; Williams, Tina G.; Orts, William J.; Glenn, Gregory M.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Siebenmorgen, Terry J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Wood, DF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM de.wood@ars.usda.gov FU USA Rice Federation, Arlington, VA FX We are grateful to the USA Rice Federation, Arlington, VA, for their partial support of this work. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 28 BP 6960 EP 6965 DI 10.1021/jf301263s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 974SU UT WOS:000306457700006 PM 22642895 ER PT J AU Zylstra, KE Mastro, VC AF Zylstra, Kelley E. Mastro, Victor C. TI Common mortality factors of woodwasp larvae in three northeastern United States host species SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sirex noctilio; parasitoids ID SIREX-NOCTILIO HYMENOPTERA; RHYSSA-PERSUASORIA L; SIRICID WOODWASPS; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; PARASITOIDS; IBALIIDAE; NEOTYLENCHIDAE; PLANTATIONS; NEMATODA AB Very little is presently known about the natural enemies and mortality factors associated with siricids (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in the United States of America (USA), especially those that may directly affect the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). S. noctilio is an invasive woodwasp, is considered a major economic pest of pine, and has a severe effect on North American pine species planted in the Southern hemisphere. The mortality factors of siricid larvae were determined in three host species (Pinus sylvestris, Pinus resinosa, and Pinus strobus) from naturally infested trees in the northeastern USA. Siricid larvae were classified at the time of sampling as: (1) healthy, (2) parasitized by rhyssines (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), (3) parasitized by Ibalia spp. (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), (4) parasitized by nematodes (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae), and (5) dead from unknown causes. Combining data from the three host species, the average percentage of larvae that were healthy was 66%, 10% of the larvae were parasitized by rhyssines, 18% were parasitized by Ibalia spp., 1% were infected with unidentified nematodes, and about 5% of the larvae were dead in the galleries. Information from this study has important implications for understanding population regulation mechanisms in an invasive species, and will be critical for developing integrated pest management plans for S. noctilio. C1 [Zylstra, Kelley E.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. [Mastro, Victor C.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Zylstra, KE (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, PPQ, 374 No Lights Dr N, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. EM Kelley.E.Zylstra@APHIS.USDA.gov; Vic.Mastro@APHIS.USDA.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 12 BP 1 EP 8 AR 83 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 977GB UT WOS:000306643600001 PM 23421560 ER PT J AU Pourmokhtarian, A Driscoll, CT Campbell, JL Hayhoe, K AF Pourmokhtarian, Afshin Driscoll, Charles T. Campbell, John L. Hayhoe, Katharine TI Modeling potential hydrochemical responses to climate change and increasing CO2 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest using a dynamic biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; ELEVATED CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LAND-USE; WATERSHED-ECOSYSTEM; ACIDIC DEPOSITION AB Dynamic hydrochemical models are useful tools for understanding and predicting the interactive effects of climate change, atmospheric CO2, and atmospheric deposition on the hydrology and water quality of forested watersheds. We used the biogeochemical model, PnET-BGC, to evaluate the effects of potential future changes in temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and atmospheric CO2 on pools, concentrations, and fluxes of major elements at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, United States. Future climate projections used to run PnET-BGC were generated specifically for the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest with a statistical technique that downscales climate output (e. g., air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation) from atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) to a finer temporal and spatial resolution. These climate projections indicate that over the twenty-first century, average air temperature will increase at the site by 1.7 degrees C to 6.5 degrees C with simultaneous increases in annual average precipitation ranging from 4 to 32 cm above the long-term mean (1970-2000). PnET-BGC simulations under future climate change show a shift in hydrology characterized by later snowpack development, earlier spring discharge (snowmelt), greater evapotranspiration, and a slight increase in annual water yield (associated with CO2 effects on vegetation). Model results indicate that under elevated temperature, net soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification markedly increase, resulting in acidification of soil and stream water, thereby altering the quality of water draining from forested watersheds. Invoking a CO2 fertilization effect on vegetation under climate change substantially mitigates watershed nitrogen loss, highlighting the need for a more thorough understanding of CO2 effects on forest vegetation. C1 [Pourmokhtarian, Afshin; Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pourmokhtarian, A (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM apourmok@syr.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU Environmental Protection Agency; USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments that improved this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency and the USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative. This manuscript is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W07514 DI 10.1029/2011WR011228 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 977YQ UT WOS:000306702100001 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Walse, SS Yang, SI Pickering, IJ Fakra, SC Marcus, MA Freeman, JL AF Banuelos, Gary S. Walse, Spencer S. Yang, Soo In Pickering, Ingrid J. Fakra, Sirine C. Marcus, Matthew A. Freeman, John L. TI Quantification, Localization, and Speciation of Selenium in Seeds of Canola and Two Mustard Species Compared to Seed-Meals Produced by Hydraulic Press SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ACCUMULATION; ANIMALS; PLANTS AB Brassica plants accumulate selenium (Se) especially in seeds when grown in soils laden with Se. We report a chemical analysis of Se in Brassica seeds (canola, Indian mustard, and white mustard) and in their hydraulically pressed seed meals, which are used as a Se supplement in livestock animal feeds. Complementary techniques were used to measure total Se concentrations, to map the localization of Se, and to quantify different Se forms. Seeds and hydraulically pressed seed meals contained an average of 1.8 and 2.0 mu g Se g(-1) DW, respectively. Selenium was primarily located in cotyledons and roots of seed embryos. Microfocused Se K-edge XANES and bulk XANES showed that seeds contained 90% of Se as C-Se-C forms. Hydraulically pressing seeds for oil caused changes in the forms of Se as follows: 40-55% C-Se-C forms, 33-42% selenocystine, 5-12% selenocysteine, and 11-14% trimethylselenonium ion. Aqueous extracts of seed and seed meals were also analyzed by SAX-HPLC/ICPMS and found to contain mainly the C Se C form SeMet, but also another C-Se-C form MeSeCys, which is of dietary pharmacological interest for cancer inhibition. In addition, SAX-HPLC/ICPMS also detected selenocystine and selenocysteine, further confirming the results obtained by XANES analyses. C1 [Banuelos, Gary S.; Walse, Spencer S.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Banuelos, Gary S.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Ctr Irrigat Technol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Yang, Soo In; Pickering, Ingrid J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Fakra, Sirine C.; Marcus, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freeman, John L.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Gary.Banuelos@ars.usda.gov; JohnFreeman@csufresno.edu RI Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 FU CSU Fresno Agricultural Research Initiative; California Department of Water Resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CIHR-THRUST; DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources [P41RR001209]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Funding for this work was mainly provided by a CSU Fresno Agricultural Research Initiative and the California Department of Water Resources grant to G.S.B. at the USDA-ARS-WMR, SJVASC. We acknowledge and thank Irvin Arroyo and Annabel Rodriguez at the USDA-ARS in Parlier, CA, for help with sample preparation and ICPMS analyses. I.J.P. is a Canada Research Chair, and S.I.Y. is funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant to I.J.P.) and by a CIHR-THRUST Fellowship. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) is a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program (P41RR001209). The operations of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. G.S.B. and J.L.F. contributed equally to this work. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 14 BP 6024 EP 6030 DI 10.1021/ac300813e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 974NB UT WOS:000306441200029 PM 22747111 ER PT J AU Garcia-Mas, J Benjak, A Sanseverino, W Bourgeois, M Mir, G Gonzalez, VM Henaff, E Camara, F Cozzuto, L Lowy, E Alioto, T Capella-Gutierrez, S Blanca, J Canizares, J Ziarsolo, P Gonzalez-Ibeas, D Rodriguez-Moreno, L Droege, M Du, L Alvarez-Tejado, M Lorente-Galdos, B Mele, M Yang, LM Weng, YQ Navarro, A Marques-Bonet, T Aranda, MA Nuez, F Pico, B Gabaldon, T Roma, G Guigo, R Casacuberta, JM Arus, P Puigdomenech, P AF Garcia-Mas, Jordi Benjak, Andrej Sanseverino, Walter Bourgeois, Michael Mir, Gisela Gonzalez, Victor M. Henaff, Elizabeth Camara, Francisco Cozzuto, Luca Lowy, Ernesto Alioto, Tyler Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador Blanca, Jose Canizares, Joaquin Ziarsolo, Pello Gonzalez-Ibeas, Daniel Rodriguez-Moreno, Luis Droege, Marcus Du, Lei Alvarez-Tejado, Miguel Lorente-Galdos, Belen Mele, Marta Yang, Luming Weng, Yiqun Navarro, Arcadi Marques-Bonet, Tomas Aranda, Miguel A. Nuez, Fernando Pico, Belen Gabaldon, Toni Roma, Guglielmo Guigo, Roderic Casacuberta, Josep M. Arus, Pere Puigdomenech, Pere TI The genome of melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE de novo genome sequence; phylome ID SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; PATHOGEN RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; C. MELO; SEQUENCE; GENE; SATIVUS; PLANTS; ORTHOLOGY; LIBRARIES AB We report the genome sequence of melon, an important horticultural crop worldwide. We assembled 375 Mb of the double-haploid line DHL92, representing 83.3% of the estimated melon genome. We predicted 27,427 protein-coding genes, which we analyzed by reconstructing 22,218 phylogenetic trees, allowing mapping of the orthology and paralogy relationships of sequenced plant genomes. We observed the absence of recent whole-genome duplications in the melon lineage since the ancient eudicot triplication, and our data suggest that transposon amplification may in part explain the increased size of the melon genome compared with the close relative cucumber. A low number of nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat disease resistance genes were annotated, suggesting the existence of specific defense mechanisms in this species. The DHL92 genome was compared with that of its parental lines allowing the quantification of sequence variability in the species. The use of the genome sequence in future investigations will facilitate the understanding of evolution of cucurbits and the improvement of breeding strategies. C1 [Garcia-Mas, Jordi; Benjak, Andrej; Sanseverino, Walter; Bourgeois, Michael; Mir, Gisela; Gonzalez, Victor M.; Henaff, Elizabeth; Casacuberta, Josep M.; Arus, Pere; Puigdomenech, Pere] Univ Barcelona, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Recerca & Tecnol Agroalimentaries, CSIC,Ctr Res Agr Genom, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camara, Francisco; Cozzuto, Luca; Lowy, Ernesto; Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador; Mele, Marta; Gabaldon, Toni; Roma, Guglielmo; Guigo, Roderic] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Ctr Genom Regulat, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Alioto, Tyler] Ctr Nacl Anal Genom, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Blanca, Jose; Canizares, Joaquin; Ziarsolo, Pello; Nuez, Fernando; Pico, Belen] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Conservat & Breeding Agr Biodivers, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Gonzalez-Ibeas, Daniel; Rodriguez-Moreno, Luis; Aranda, Miguel A.] CSIC, Ctr Edafol & Biol Aplicada Segura, Dept Biol Estres & Patol Vegetal, Murcia 30100, Spain. [Droege, Marcus] Roche Diagnost Deutschland GmbH, D-11668305 Mannheim, Germany. [Du, Lei] Roche Diagnost Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, Singapore 168730, Singapore. [Alvarez-Tejado, Miguel] Roche Appl Sci, Barcelona 08174, Spain. [Lorente-Galdos, Belen; Mele, Marta; Navarro, Arcadi; Marques-Bonet, Tomas] Univ Pompeu Fabra, CSIC, Inst Biol Evolutiva, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Navarro, Arcadi; Marques-Bonet, Tomas] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona 08010, Spain. RP Garcia-Mas, J (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Recerca & Tecnol Agroalimentaries, CSIC,Ctr Res Agr Genom, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM jordi.garcia@irta.cat; pere.puigdomenech@cragenomica.es; pere.puigdomenech@cragenomica.es RI Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; Cozzuto, Luca/K-5385-2015; Alioto, Tyler/K-7267-2015; Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador/H-5053-2015; Gabaldon, Toni/A-7336-2008; Aranda, Miguel A./G-4272-2011; Ziarsolo, Pello/H-6699-2015; Marques-Bonet, Tomas/I-4618-2014; Canizares, Joaquin/M-3255-2014; Blanca, Jose/H-6695-2015; Navarro, Arcadi/F-1592-2011; Arus, Pere/F-6443-2015; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/G-9841-2015; Garcia-Mas, Jordi/B-9694-2012; PICO, BELEN/K-6517-2014 OI Sanseverino, Walter/0000-0003-3324-5912; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; Cozzuto, Luca/0000-0003-3194-8892; Alioto, Tyler/0000-0002-2960-5420; Lorente-Galdos, Belen/0000-0001-5390-2452; Lowy Gallego, Ernesto/0000-0001-9312-1159; Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador/0000-0002-0309-604X; Gabaldon, Toni/0000-0003-0019-1735; Aranda, Miguel A./0000-0002-0828-973X; Ziarsolo, Pello/0000-0002-9660-1286; Marques-Bonet, Tomas/0000-0002-5597-3075; Canizares, Joaquin/0000-0001-9002-5516; Blanca, Jose/0000-0002-5884-8624; Navarro, Arcadi/0000-0003-2162-8246; Arus, Pere/0000-0003-0939-8038; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/0000-0002-1971-5466; Garcia-Mas, Jordi/0000-0001-7101-9049; PICO, BELEN/0000-0001-7761-990X FU Roche; Fundacion Genoma Espana; Semillas Fito; Syngenta Seeds; government of Catalunya; government of Andalucia; government of Madrid; government of Castilla-La Mancha; government of Murcia; Savia Biotech; Roche Diagnostics; Sistemas Genomicos; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CSD2007-00036]; Xarxa de Referencia d'R+D+I en Biotecnologia (Generalitat de Catalunya); Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute; European Research Council [StG_20091118] FX L.D., M. D., and M.A.-T. are Roche employees, and the work was partly funded by Roche.; We thank Marc Oliver (Syngenta) for the recombinant inbred line genetic map. The cucumber Gy14 genome was produced by the Joint Genome Institute (http://www.jgi.doe.gov/). We acknowledge funding from Fundacion Genoma Espana; Semillas Fito; Syngenta Seeds; the governments of Catalunya, Andalucia, Madrid, Castilla-La Mancha, and Murcia; Savia Biotech; Roche Diagnostics; and Sistemas Genomicos. P. P. and J.G.-M. were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CSD2007-00036) and the Xarxa de Referencia d'R+D+I en Biotecnologia (Generalitat de Catalunya). R. G. and A.N. acknowledge the Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute for funding. T.M.-B. is supported by European Research Council Starting Grant StG_20091118. NR 44 TC 168 Z9 300 U1 16 U2 134 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 29 BP 11872 EP 11877 DI 10.1073/pnas.1205415109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 979RI UT WOS:000306837100076 PM 22753475 ER PT J AU Amyotte, SG Tan, XP Pennerman, K Jimenez-Gasco, MD Klosterman, SJ Ma, LJ Dobinson, KF Veronese, P AF Amyotte, Stefan G. Tan, Xiaoping Pennerman, Kayla Jimenez-Gasco, Maria del Mar Klosterman, Steven J. Ma, Li-Jun Dobinson, Katherine F. Veronese, Paola TI Transposable elements in phytopathogenic Verticillium spp.: insights into genome evolution and inter- and intra-specific diversification SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Transposable elements; Verticillium spp.; Retrotransposons; DNA transposons; Repeat-induced point mutation (RIP); TE domestication; Genome evolution ID INDUCED POINT MUTATION; AC-LIKE TRANSPOSON; FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DISPENSABLE CHROMOSOME; ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; RECODING SIGNALS; DNA TRANSPOSONS AB Background: Verticillium dahliae (Vd) and Verticillium albo-atrum (Va) are cosmopolitan soil fungi causing very disruptive vascular diseases on a wide range of crop plants. To date, no sexual stage has been identified in either microorganism suggesting that somatic mutation is a major force in generating genetic diversity. Whole genome comparative analysis of the recently sequenced strains VdLs.17 and VaMs.102 revealed that non-random insertions of transposable elements (TEs) have contributed to the generation of four lineage-specific (LS) regions in VdLs.17. Results: We present here a detailed analysis of Class I retrotransposons and Class II "cut-and-paste" DNA elements detected in the sequenced Verticillium genomes. We report also of their distribution in other Vd and Va isolates from various geographic origins. In VdLs.17, we identified and characterized 56 complete retrotransposons of the Gypsy-, Copia- and LINE-like types, as well as 34 full-length elements of the "cut-and-paste" superfamilies Tc1/mariner, Activator and Mutator. While Copia and Tc1/mariner were present in multiple identical copies, Activator and Mutator sequences were highly divergent. Most elements comprised complete ORFs, had matching ESTs and showed active transcription in response to stress treatment. Noticeably, we found evidences of repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) only in some of the Gypsy retroelements. While Copia-, Gypsy- and Tc1/mariner-like transposons were prominent, a large variation in presence of the other types of mobile elements was detected in the other Verticillium spp. strains surveyed. In particular, neither complete nor defective "cut-and-paste" TEs were found in VaMs.102. Conclusions: Copia-, Gypsy- and Tc1/mariner-like transposons are the most wide-spread TEs in the phytopathogens V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum. In VdLs.17, we identified several retroelements and "cut-and-paste" transposons still potentially active. Some of these elements have undergone diversification and subsequent selective amplification after introgression into the fungal genome. Others, such as the ripped Copias, have been potentially acquired by horizontal transfer. The observed biased TE insertion in gene-rich regions within an individual genome (VdLs.17) and the "patchy" distribution among different strains point to the mobile elements as major generators of Verticillium intra- and inter-specific genomic variation. C1 [Amyotte, Stefan G.; Dobinson, Katherine F.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Tan, Xiaoping; Pennerman, Kayla; Veronese, Paola] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jimenez-Gasco, Maria del Mar] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Klosterman, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. [Ma, Li-Jun] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Dobinson, Katherine F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON, Canada. RP Dobinson, KF (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. EM katherine.dobinson@agr.gc.ca; paola_veronese@ncsu.edu RI Jimenez-Gasco, Maria del Mar/A-9701-2011; OI Jimenez-Gasco, Maria del Mar/0000-0001-7329-0211; Ma, Li-Jun/0000-0002-2733-3708 FU Broad Fungal Genome Initiative; NSF/USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Program's U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada FX We are grateful to Dr. R. Dean for his valuable critique of the manuscript. Thanks go also to Dr. F. Daayf for providing V. albo-atrum isolates, Mr. A. Molnar for graphics assistance, and Ms. S. Grant for technical assistance. The research was supported through the Broad Fungal Genome Initiative, with funds to PV from the NSF/USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Program's U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, and to KFD from a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. NR 84 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 16 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 314 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-314 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 009BG UT WOS:000308999700001 PM 22800085 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Tupper, SK Carlson, JC Pettit, SE Ellis, JW Linz, GM AF Werner, Scott J. Tupper, Shelagh K. Carlson, James C. Pettit, Susan E. Ellis, Jeremy W. Linz, George M. TI The role of a generalized ultraviolet cue for blackbird food selection SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; Conditioned avoidance; Feeding behavior; Postingestive consequence; Red-winged blackbird; Visual cue ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; REDWINGS TURDUS-ILIACUS; MATE CHOICE; FRUIT COLOR; BIRDS; VISION; LIGHT; CONTAMINATION; CONSEQUENCES; REFLECTANCE AB Birds utilize ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths for plumage signaling and sexual selection. Ultraviolet cues may also be used for the process of avian food selection. The aim of our study was to investigate whether a UV cue and a postingestive repellent can be used to condition food avoidance in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). We found that birds conditioned with an UV-absorbent, postingestive repellent subsequently avoided UV-absorbent food. Thus, the UV-absorbent cue (coupled with 0-20% of the conditioned repellent concentration) was used to maintain avoidance for up to 18 days post-conditioning. Similarly, birds conditioned with the UV-absorbent, postingestive repellent subsequently avoided UV-reflective food. Thus, conditioned avoidance of an UV-absorbent cue can be generalized to an unconditioned. UV-reflective cue for nutrient selection and toxin avoidance. These findings support the hypothesized function of UV vision for avian food selection, the implications of which remain to be explored for the sensory and behavioral ecology within agronomic and natural environments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Werner, Scott J.; Tupper, Shelagh K.; Carlson, James C.; Pettit, Susan E.; Ellis, Jeremy W.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Linz, George M.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, N Dakota Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X; Ellis, Jeremy/0000-0003-4512-0906 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUL 16 PY 2012 VL 106 IS 5 BP 597 EP 601 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.007 PG 5 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 973HL UT WOS:000306350700003 PM 22525492 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Nair, MG Claycombe, KJ AF Zhou, Zhou Nair, Muraleedharan G. Claycombe, Kate J. TI Synergistic inhibition of interleukin-6 production in adipose stem cells by tart cherry anthocyanins and atorvastatin SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Obesity; Interleukin-6; Adipose tissue stem cell; Atorvastatin; Anthocyanins; Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ID APC(MIN) MICE; PROLIFERATION; INFLAMMATION; FLAVONOIDS; ADIPOCYTES; EXPRESSION; MARKERS; DISEASE; RISK AB Studies have shown positive correlations between inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease by activating C-reactive protein (CRP). Both atorvastatin calcium (lipitor) as well as flavonoid rich fruit such as tart cherry demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory effects on IL-6 secretion. In this study, we investigated whether tart cherry extract or specific anthocyanins contained in the tart cherry show synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with lipitor. Results showed that LPS-induced adipose stem cell secretion of IL-6 reduced with the addition of tart cherry extract, a mixture of tart cherry anthocyanins, and pure tart cherry cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, lipitor and C3G exhibited synergistic effects in reducing LPS-induced IL-6 secretion from adipose stem cells. In conclusion, these results support potential benefits of using dietary phytochemicals in conjunction with pharmacological therapies to decrease adipose inflammation, drug doses, and ultimately, drug-induced adverse effects. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Claycombe, Kate J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Zhou, Zhou] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nair, Muraleedharan G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Claycombe, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM kate.claycombe@ars.usda.gov FU Cherry Marketing Institute (DeWitt, MI); USDA Agricultural Research Service Project [5450-51000-047-00D]; Michigan Agricultural Experimental Station FX Authors are grateful to Dr. James N. Roemmich for insightful review of this manuscript and for suggestions and comments. Funding for this project was partially provided by the Cherry Marketing Institute (DeWitt, MI). This work was supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service Project #5450-51000-047-00D and the Michigan Agricultural Experimental Station research funds to K.J. Claycombe. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 19 IS 10 BP 878 EP 881 DI 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.001 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 018DP UT WOS:000309640600004 PM 22703874 ER PT J AU Lopez-Millan, AF Grusak, MA Abadia, J AF Lopez-Millan, Ana-Flor Grusak, Michael A. Abadia, Javier TI Carboxylate metabolism changes induced by Fe deficiency in barley, a Strategy II plant species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fe deficiency; Carboxylate metabolism; Barley; PEPC; Xylem sap ID LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT; IRON-DEFICIENCY; SUGAR-BEET; XYLEM SAP; RESPONSES; CITRATE; ROOTS; TRANSLOCATION; ARABIDOPSIS; STRESS AB The effects of iron (Fe) deficiency on carboxylate metabolism were investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare L) using two cultivars, Steptoe and Morex, which differ in their Fe efficiency response. In both cultivars, root extracts of plants grown in Fe-deficient conditions showed higher activities of enzymes related to organic acid metabolism, including citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, compared to activities measured in root extracts of Fe-sufficient plants. Accordingly, the concentration of total carboxylates was higher in Fe-deficient roots of both cultivars, with citrate concentration showing the greatest increase. In xylem sap, the concentration of total carboxylates was also higher with Fe deficiency in both cultivars, with citrate and malate being the major organic acids. Leaf extracts of Fe-deficient plants also showed increases in citric acid concentration and in the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fumarase activities, and decreases in aconitase activity. Our results indicate that changes in root carboxylate metabolism previously reported in Strategy I species also occur in barley, a Strategy II plant species, supporting the existence of anaplerotic carbon fixation via increases in the root activities of these enzymes, with citrate playing a major role. However, these changes occur less intensively than in Strategy I plants. Activities of the anaerobic metabolism enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase did not change in barley roots with Fe deficiency, in contrast to what occurs in Strategy I plants, suggesting that these changes may be Strategy I-specific. No significant differences were observed in overall carboxylate metabolism between cultivars, for plants challenged with high or low Fe treatments, suggesting that carboxylate metabolism changes are not behind the Fe-efficiency differences between these cultivars. Citrate synthase was the only measured enzyme with constitutively higher activity in Steptoe relative to Morex leaf extracts. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez-Millan, Ana-Flor; Abadia, Javier] CSIC, EEAD, Dept Plant Nutr, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lopez-Millan, AF (reprint author), CSIC, EEAD, Dept Plant Nutr, POB 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain. EM anaflor@eead.csic.es RI Abadia, Javier/B-8804-2008; Mangan, Rachel/A-8824-2008 OI Abadia, Javier/0000-0001-5470-5901; Mangan, Rachel/0000-0002-8788-9214 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) [AGL2009-09018, AGL2010-16515]; Aragon Government (group A03); US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-0-008] FX This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN; projects AGL2009-09018 and AGL2010-16515), the Aragon Government (group A03), and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (under Agreement number 58-6250-0-008 to MAG). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1121 EP 1124 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.04.010 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 994BM UT WOS:000307905900012 PM 22709961 ER PT J AU Vieira, DAN Dabney, SM AF Vieira, Dalmo A. N. Dabney, Seth M. TI Two-dimensional flow patterns near contour grass hedges SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE vegetative buffers; grass hedges; runoff; tillage berms; overland flow modeling ID OVERLAND-FLOW; VENANT EQUATIONS; EROSION; APPROXIMATIONS; FORMULATION; RUNOFF; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Grass hedges are narrow strips of stiff-stemmed vegetation used to control erosion and sediment delivery. When planted on the contour, the hydraulic resistance of the vegetation slows runoff, creates ponding, and promotes sediment deposition. When tillage is performed between grass hedges, soil may be thrown against the vegetation, where it settles to form a berm within the hedge. Tillage-induced berms divert part of runoff, causing it to flow alongside the hedge without crossing it. Such flow partitioning created by grass hedges was measured on experimental plots located on silt loam loess soil near Holly Springs, Mississippi, USA, where hedges planted at the bottom of 5%, 22.1-m-long slopes evolved berms averaging 0.13 m in height. They diverted about 80% of the runoff for events smaller than 5 mm and about 50% for large events. A two-dimensional model was developed to determine overland flow patterns over complex terrains, accounting for oriented roughness created by tillage corrugations, crop rows, and larger features such as berms and vegetative barriers. The model was used to reproduce the flow partition observed in the field experiments and to determine how berm height and slope steepness and length affected runoff redistribution. Numerical simulations indicated that for most runoff events, ponded runoff depths were not high enough to overtop the berm but rather crossed the berms through cracks and gaps, represented in the model as small triangular weirs. The model also was applied to a 6.0-ha watershed in Western Iowa, USA, where nine grass hedges were planted across 12-16% slopes. Computed dynamic flow properties showed that berms increased the amount of runoff flowing laterally upslope of the hedges and that a large portion of the runoff crossed the vegetative strips at a few locations and with high flow depths, increasing the risk of development of ephemeral gullies. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Vieira, Dalmo A. N.; Dabney, Seth M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Vieira, DAN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 639, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM dalmo.vieira@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 15 BP 2225 EP 2234 DI 10.1002/hyp.8262 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 974ZV UT WOS:000306477100003 ER PT J AU Lunney, JK Kai, C Inumaru, S Onodera, T AF Lunney, Joan K. Kai, Chieko Inumaru, Shigeki Onodera, Takashi TI The 9th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS)/Summary of the Comparative MHC Workshops/Veterinary Immunology Committee Toolkit Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tokyo, JAPAN DE Veterinary immunology; Food safety; Immune responses to pathogens; Bovine paratuberculosis; Foot-and-mouth disease AB This special issue of Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology summarizes the Proceedings of the 9th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (9th IVIS) held August 2010, in Tokyo, Japan. Over 340 delegates from 30 countries discussed research progress analyzing the immune systems of numerous food animals and wildlife, probing basic immunity and the influence of stress, genetics, nutrition, endocrinology and reproduction. Major presentations addressed defense against pathogens and alternative control and prevention strategies including vaccines, adjuvants and novel biotherapeutics. A special Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Co-operative Research Programme Sponsored Conference on "Vaccination and Diagnosis for Food Safety in Agriculture" highlighted the particular issue of "Immunology in Bovine Paratuberculosis". In April 2010 there was an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the southern part of Japan. This stimulated a special 9th IVIS session on FMD, sponsored by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Ministry of Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan, to discuss improvements of FMD vaccines, their use in FMD control, and risk assessment for decision management. The 9th IVIS was supported by the Veterinary Immunology Committee (VIC) of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) and included workshops for its MHC and Toolkit Committees. Finally VIC IUIS presented its 2010 Distinguished Service Award to Dr. Kazuya Yamanouchi for "outstanding contributions to the veterinary immunology community" and its 2010 Distinguished Veterinary Immunologist Award to Dr. Douglas F. Antczak for "outstanding research on equine immunology". Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kai, Chieko] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. [Inumaru, Shigeki] Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. [Onodera, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Mol Immunol, Res Ctr Food Safety, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, BARC E, Bldg 1040,Room 103, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joan.Lunney@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 148 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 990HD UT WOS:000307620700001 PM 22766039 ER PT J AU Entrican, G Lunney, JK AF Entrican, Gary Lunney, Joan K. TI Veterinary Immunology Committee Toolkit Workshop 2010: Progress and plans SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS)/Summary of the Comparative MHC Workshops/Veterinary Immunology Committee Toolkit Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tokyo, JAPAN DE Immunological reagents; Monoclonal antibodies; Chemokines; Cytokines AB The 3rd Veterinary Immunology Committee (VIC) Toolkit Workshop took place at the 9th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS) in Tokyo, Japan on 18th August 2010. The Workshop built on previous Toolkit Workshops and covered various aspects of reagent development, commercialization and provision to the veterinary immunology research community. The emphasis was on open communication about current progress and future plans to avoid duplication of effort and to update priorities for reagent development. There were presentations on the major reagent development and networking projects such as the BBSRC/RERAD Immunological Toolbox (2004-2009), US Veterinary Immune Reagent Network (VIRN 2006-2010) that has just received renewal funding for 2010-2014, and EU Network for Animal Diseases Infectiology Research Facilities project (NADIR 2009-2013). There were also presentations and discussions on the use of reagents for assay development, particularly multiplexing, and how these new technologies will underpin basic research developments. Mechanisms for improved information exchange, especially though websites with VIC playing a central role, were identified. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Entrican, Gary] Moredun Res Inst, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lunney, Joan K.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Entrican, G (reprint author), Moredun Res Inst, Pentlands Sci Pk, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM gary.entrican@moredun.ac.uk FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/00220, BBS/B/00255] NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 148 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.03.012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 990HD UT WOS:000307620700029 PM 21470696 ER PT J AU de Guzman, GTN Hapeman, CJ Prabhakara, K Codling, EE Shelton, DR Rice, CP Hively, WD McCarty, GW Lang, MW Torrents, A AF de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino Hapeman, Cathleen J. Prabhakara, Kusuma Codling, Eton E. Shelton, Daniel R. Rice, Clifford P. Hively, W. Dean McCarty, Gregory W. Lang, Megan W. Torrents, Alba TI Potential pollutant sources in a Choptank River (USA) subwatershed and the influence of land use and watershed characteristics SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Water quality; Nutrients; Arsenic; Poultry production; Land use ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; BROILER LITTER; SOILS; FATE; NUTRIENT; BACTERIA; STREAM; MANURE AB Row-crop and poultry production have been implicated as sources of water pollution along the Choptank River, an estuary and tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. This study examined the effects of land use, subwatershed characteristics, and climatic conditions on the water quality parameters of a subwatershed in the Choptank River watershed. The catchments within the subwatershed were defined using advanced remotely-sensed data and current geographic information system processing techniques. Water and sediment samples were collected in May-October 2009 and April-June 2010 under mostly baseflow conditions and analyzed for select bacteria, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total arsenic, total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (ortho-P), and particle-phase phosphorus (PP); n=96 for all analytes except for arsenic, n = 136, and for bacteria, n = 89 (aqueous) and 62 (sediment). Detections of Enterococci and Escherichia coli concentrations were ubiquitous in this subwatershed and showed no correlation to location or land use, however larger bacterial counts were observed shortly after precipitation. Nitrate-N concentrations were not correlated with agricultural lands, which may reflect the small change in percent agriculture and/or the similarity of agronomic practices and crops produced between catchments. Concentration data suggested that ammonia emission and possible deposition to surface waters occurred and that these processes may be influenced by local agronomic practices and climatic conditions. The negative correlation of PP and arsenic concentrations with percent forest was explained by the stronger signal of the head waters and overland flow of particulate phase analytes versus dissolved phase inputs from groundwater. Service roadways at some poultry production facilities were found to redirect runoff from the facilities to neighboring catchment areas, which affected water quality parameters. Results suggest that in this subwatershed, catchments with poultry production facilities are possible sources for arsenic and PP as compared to catchment areas where these facilities were not present. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino; Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Codling, Eton E.; Shelton, Daniel R.; Rice, Clifford P.; McCarty, Gregory W.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prabhakara, Kusuma] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Sci Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alba@umd.edu FU Maryland Water Resources Research Center; USDA-ARS; USDA-NRCS FX The authors wish to acknowledge the dedicated contributions of the field and technical staff: Peter Downey, Valerie McPhatter, Walter Strake, Carrie Green, and Mebrat Gesese. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Maryland Water Resources Research Center; USDA-ARS intramural research National Programs 211 Water Availability and Watershed Management and 212 Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions; and USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP (Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness within the Choptank River Watershed). NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 430 BP 270 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.056 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976KO UT WOS:000306583700033 ER PT J AU Deyrup, CL Southern, KJ Cornett, JA Shultz, CE Cera, DA AF Deyrup, Cynthia L. Southern, Kristal J. Cornett, Julie A. Shultz, Craig E. Cera, Deborah A. TI Examining the occurrence of residues of flunixin meglumine in cull dairy cows by use of the flunixin cull cow survey SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS AB Objective-To determine whether cull dairy cows with signs of certain clinical conditions, termed suspect, are more likely than healthy-appearing cull dairy cows to have violative concentrations of flunixin meglumine in their tissues at slaughter. Design-Cross-sectional study. Animals-961 cull dairy cows. Procedures-Suspect cull dairy cows were selected from 21 beef slaughter establishments with a high production volume of dairy cows, and kidney and liver tissues were collected for screening. Kidney tissues were screened for antibiotics and sulfonamides with the fast antimicrobial screening test (FAST). Liver tissues were screened for flunixin meglumine with an ELISA, and quantitative analysis of ELISA-positive samples was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography. During the same time period, liver tissues from 251 healthy-appearing cull dairy cows were collected for the Food Safety and Inspection Service National Residue Program Scheduled Sampling Plan, but were screened only for flunixin meglumine. Results-Of 710 suspect cull dairy cows, 50(704%) had liver tissue flunixin concentrations higher than the flunixin tolerance concentration (0.125 ppm). Thirty-one of 168 (18.45%) FAST-positive and 19 of 542 (3.51%) FAST-negative suspect cull dairy cows had violative tissue flunixin concentrations. Two of the 251 (0.80%) healthy-appearing cull dairy cows had violative tissue flunixin concentrations. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Suspect cull dairy cows, especially those that were also FAST positive, had a significantly higher incidence of violative tissue flunixin concentrations than healthy-appearing cull dairy cows at slaughter. Targeted sampling plans for flunixin meglumine in suspect dairy cows can help to support more efficient use of resources and further safeguard the nation's food supply. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:249-253) C1 [Deyrup, Cynthia L.; Southern, Kristal J.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Cornett, Julie A.; Shultz, Craig E.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Cera, Deborah A.] US FDA, Off Surveillance & Compliance, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Southern, KJ (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM kristal.southern@fsis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 241 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 971ZN UT WOS:000306246400014 PM 22765373 ER PT J AU Han, XY Xu, XY Fang, DD Zhang, TZ Guo, WZ AF Han, Xiaoyong Xu, Xiaoyang Fang, David D. Zhang, Tianzhen Guo, Wangzhen TI Cloning and expression analysis of novel Aux/IAA family genes in Gossypium hirsutum SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); Aux/IAA gene family; Auxin; Expression analysis ID PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES; VITRO FIBER DEVELOPMENT; REGULATED GENES; COTTON OVULES; AUXIN; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION; DIFFERENTIATION; REPRESSION AB Members of the Aux/IAA gene family encode proteins that mediate the responses of auxin-regulated gene expression and regulate various aspects of plant morphological development. Here, we provide the first identification and characterization of nine cDNAs encoding the complete open reading frame (ORF) of the Aux/IAA family in cotton. These were designated GhAux1 to GhAux9 (Gossypium hirsutum Aux/IAA). The proteins encoded by these nine genes had either whole or partially conserved domains of the Aux/IAA superfamily, with sequence identity ranging from 14% to 69%. A pair of homeologs exists for each Aux/IAA in G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 with high identity both in ORF sequences and amino acid level. Tissue- and organ-specific analysis showed that transcripts of GhAux1, GhAux2, and GhAux3 were abundant in vegetative organs, whereas GhAux4, GhAux5, GhAux6, and GhAux7 were preferentially expressed in ovules on the day of anthesis. GhAux8 and GhlAA16 (previously reported) were also preferentially expressed during fiber developmental stages, especially GhAux8 in fiber early elongation stages, and GhIAA16 in fiber initiation and secondary cell wall thickening stage. GhAux9 was specifically expressed in developing fibers. During the fiber initiation stage, except for GhAux3 and GhAux6, the expression of the other eight GhAuxs in various lintless-fuzzless and linted-fuzzless mutants demonstrated that they were significantly up-regulated compared with linted-fuzzy TM-1. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Xiaoyong; Xu, Xiaoyang; Zhang, Tianzhen; Guo, Wangzhen] Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Fang, David D.] USDA ARS SRRC, Cotton Fiber Biosci Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Guo, WZ (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM moelab@njau.edu.cn OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 FU National Science Foundation in China [30871558]; State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China [2010CB126004]; National Transgenic Program [2008ZX08009-003]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX This program was financially supported in part by National Science Foundation in China (30871558), The State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2010CB126004), the National Transgenic Program (2008ZX08009-003), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 503 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2012.03.069 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 966SK UT WOS:000305857500011 PM 22575728 ER PT J AU Wang, CJR Nan, GL Kelliher, T Timofejeva, L Vernoud, V Golubovskaya, IN Harper, L Egger, R Walbot, V Cande, WZ AF Wang, Chung-Ju Rachel Nan, Guo-Ling Kelliher, Timothy Timofejeva, Ljudmilla Vernoud, Vanessa Golubovskaya, Inna N. Harper, Lisa Egger, Rachel Walbot, Virginia Cande, W. Zacheus TI Maize multiple archesporial cells 1 (mac1), an ortholog of rice TDL1A, modulates cell proliferation and identity in early anther development SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Anther development; Cell fate acquisition; Plant reproduction; Maize ID ARABIDOPSIS ANTHER; RECEPTOR KINASE; MEIOTIC PROPHASE; PROTEIN; GENE; SPOROGENESIS; FATE; EMBRYOGENESIS; CLV3; SPOROCYTELESS AB To ensure fertility, complex somatic and germinal cell proliferation and differentiation programs must be executed in flowers. Loss-of-function of the maize multiple archesporial cells 1 (mac1) gene increases the meiotically competent population and ablates specification of somatic wall layers in anthers. We report the cloning of mac1, which is the ortholog of rice TDL1A. Contrary to prior studies in rice and Arabidopsis in which mac1-like genes were inferred to act late to suppress trans-differentiation of somatic tapetal cells into meiocytes, we find that mac1 anthers contain excess archesporial (AR) cells that proliferate at least twofold more rapidly than normal prior to tapetal specification, suggesting that MAC1 regulates cell proliferation. mac1 transcript is abundant in immature anthers and roots. By immunolocalization, MAC1 protein accumulates preferentially in AR cells with a declining radial gradient that could result from diffusion. By transient expression in onion epidermis, we demonstrate experimentally that MAC1 is secreted, confirming that the predicted signal peptide domain in MAC1 leads to secretion. Insights from cytology and double-mutant studies with ameiotic1 and absence of first division1 mutants confirm that MAC1 does not affect meiotic cell fate; it also operates independently of an epidermal, Ocl4-dependent pathway that regulates proliferation of subepidermal cells. MAC1 both suppresses excess AR proliferation and is responsible for triggering periclinal division of subepidermal cells. We discuss how MAC1 can coordinate the temporal and spatial pattern of cell proliferation in maize anthers. C1 [Wang, Chung-Ju Rachel; Timofejeva, Ljudmilla; Golubovskaya, Inna N.; Harper, Lisa; Cande, W. Zacheus] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Chung-Ju Rachel] Acad Sinica, Inst Plant & Microbial Biol, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Nan, Guo-Ling; Kelliher, Timothy; Egger, Rachel; Walbot, Virginia] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Timofejeva, Ljudmilla] Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Gene Technol, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. [Vernoud, Vanessa] Univ Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, Lab Reprod & Dev Plantes, INRA,CNRS, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Golubovskaya, Inna N.] NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Harper, Lisa] ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cande, WZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zcande@berkeley.edu RI Vernoud, Vanessa/C-2014-2015; OI Walbot, Virginia/0000-0002-1596-7279 FU US National Science Foundation [07-01880]; Stanford University FX This work was supported by a grant from the US National Science Foundation [07-01880].; We thank Bill Sheridan (University of North Dakota) and David Duncan for mac1 mutants; David Duncan was supported by a VPUE summer research award from Stanford University to conduct the directed tagging and initial analysis of new mutants of mac1. We thank Ling Meng and Peggy G. Lemaux (UC Berkeley) for help with onion transient expression assay, and Jennifer Fletcher (Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA) for her gift of pAVA120. We thank Wann-Neng Jane and Plant Cell Biology Core Lab (IPMB, Academia Sinica) for help in anther sectioning. We thank Jihyun Moon (UC Berkeley) for her comments on the manuscript. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 139 IS 14 BP 2594 EP 2603 DI 10.1242/dev.077891 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 966GN UT WOS:000305826000015 PM 22696296 ER PT J AU Endress, BA Wisdom, MJ Vavra, M Parks, CG Dick, BL Naylor, BJ Boyd, JM AF Endress, Bryan A. Wisdom, Michael J. Vavra, Martin Parks, Catherine G. Dick, Brian L. Naylor, Bridgett J. Boyd, Jennifer M. TI Effects of ungulate herbivory on aspen, cottonwood, and willow development under forest fuels treatment regimes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chronic disturbances; Fire; Fuels reduction; Grazing; Ungulates; Forest dynamics ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN YELLOWSTONE; ELK; DYNAMICS; WOLVES; FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB Herbivory by domestic and wild ungulates can dramatically affect vegetation structure, composition and dynamics in nearly every terrestrial ecosystem of the world. These effects are of particular concern in forests of western North America, where intensive herbivory by native and domestic ungulates has the potential to substantially reduce or eliminate deciduous, highly palatable species of aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), and willow (Salix spp.). In turn, differential herbivory pressure may favor greater establishment of unpalatable conifers that serve as ladder fuels for stand-replacing fires. The resulting high fuel loads often require silvicultural fuels reductions to mitigate fire risk, which in turn may facilitate additional recruitment of deciduous species but also additional herbivory pressure. Potential interactions of ungulate herbivory with episodic disturbances of silviculture, fire, and other land uses are not well documented, but are thought to operate synergistically to affect forest dynamics. We evaluated individual and joint effects of ungulate herbivory and fuels reduction treatments in grand fir (Abies grandis) and Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziezii) forests that dominate large areas of interior western North America. We applied fuels reduction treatments of mechanical thinning and prescribed fire and then evaluated the responses of aspen, cottonwood, and willow species to these treatments (N = 3) versus areas of no treatment (N = 3), and to exclusion from ungulate herbivory versus areas subjected to extant herbivory by free-ranging cattle (Bos taurus), elk (Cervus elaphus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Densities of deciduous species were >4 times higher in response to fuels reduction treatments (84.4 individuals/ha) compared to areas of no treatment (19.7 individuals/ha). Additionally, when ungulates were excluded from fuels treated sites, the density of cottonwood was >5 times higher (122.5 individuals/ha) than fuels treated sites subjected to extant herbivory (24.3 individuals/ha). Similarly, densities of Populus spp. and Salix spp. were >3 times higher (211.6 individuals/ha) on fuels treated sites excluded from ungulate herbivory versus fuels treated sites subjected to extant herbivory (66.1 stems/ha). Deciduous species subjected to extant ungulate herbivory also were significantly lower in height, canopy surface area, and canopy volume than the same species inside the ungulate exclosures. Recruitment and long-term survival of aspen, cottonwood, and willow species in coniferous forests of interior western North America require a combination of episodic disturbances such as silviculture and fire to facilitate deciduous plant recruitment, followed by reductions in grazing pressure by domestic and wild ungulates during the time intervals between episodic disturbances to facilitate plant establishment, growth and survival. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Endress, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.; Vavra, Martin; Parks, Catherine G.; Dick, Brian L.; Naylor, Bridgett J.; Boyd, Jennifer M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Endress, BA (reprint author), San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Div Appl Plant Ecol, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. EM bendress@sandiegozoo.org; mwisdom@fs.fed.us; mvavra@fs.fed.us; cparks01@fs.fed.us; bdick@fs.fed.us; bnalyor@fs.fed.us; jmboyd@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Blue Mountains Demonstration Project; Oregon State University; Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global FX We thank 12 summer technicians who helped collect field data for our work. In addition, we thank Ryan Kennedy and Dennis Rea for logistical support of our research, and Tim DelCurto, John Cook, and Rachel Cook for their suggestions on research designs. Laura Schultz provided JMP scripts for permutation procedures. Our research was funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Blue Mountains Demonstration Project, Oregon State University, and the Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global. Research was conducted under approval and guidance by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC 92-F-0004), as required by the United States Animal Welfare Act of 1985 and its regulations. We followed protocols established specifically by the IACUC for conducting cattle, elk, and mule deer research in our study area (Wisdom et al., 1993). NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 276 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.019 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964TO UT WOS:000305719800004 ER PT J AU Mascaro, J Asner, GP Dent, DH DeWalt, SJ Denslow, JS AF Mascaro, Joseph Asner, Gregory P. Dent, Daisy H. DeWalt, Saara J. Denslow, Julie S. TI Scale-dependence of aboveground carbon accumulation in secondary forests of Panama: A test of the intermediate peak hypothesis SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Carnegie Airborne Observatory; Forest structure; LiDAR; Treefall gaps; Tropical secondary forests ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; BIOMASS; CHRONOSEQUENCE; DYNAMICS; SUCCESSION; AMAZON; LIDAR; VEGETATION; COLOMBIA AB Accumulation of aboveground carbon is one of the most important services provided by tropical secondary forests a land-cover type that is increasing in importance globally. Carbon accumulates rapidly for the first 20 years of succession, but few studies have considered forests older than 20 years, and the available data do not yield a consistent pattern. Two alternative hypotheses have been proposed: (1) an asymptotic increase, with the highest carbon stocks occurring in the oldest stands, and (2) an intermediate peak, caused by roughly synchronous tree maturity (and thus high carbon stocks) after which time treefall gaps cause carbon stocks to regress. Here we revisited a well-studied tropical moist forest chronosequence in Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Central Panama, consisting of 35, 55, 85, and 115-year-old stands, as well as old-growth stands, to determine whether past evidence for the intermediate peak hypothesis was influenced by the spatial limitations of the field plots used to assess forest structure. We used airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) to measure carbon stocks at the scale of the original transects (0.16 ha), in surrounding forest of the same age (up to 20 ha), and at a landscape scale incorporating thousands of hectares not previously measured. We also compared forest structure as measured in three dimensions by LiDAR, considering vertical and horizontal variation in canopy organization, as well as the abundance of treefall gaps. Our results suggested a strong scale-dependence of aboveground carbon accumulation, supporting the intermediate peak hypothesis at the fine scale of the 0.16-ha transects, but an asymptotic model at the landscape scale incorporating thousands of hectares. Further analyses of forest structure suggest that both the limitations of small plots and intrinsic scaling of forest structure and carbon dynamics account for the scale-dependence of aboveground carbon accumulation in this secondary forest matrix. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mascaro, Joseph; Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mascaro, Joseph; Dent, Daisy H.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Dent, Daisy H.] Univ Stirling, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [DeWalt, Saara J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Denslow, Julie S.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Denslow, Julie S.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI USA. RP Mascaro, J (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jmascaro@stanford.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Dent, Daisy/L-3549-2016 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Dent, Daisy/0000-0002-1219-7344 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; HSBC Climate Partnership; SENACYT [COL10-052]; National Science Foundation [DEB-92-08031] FX We thank T. Kennedy-Bowdoin, J. Jacobson, D. Knapp, A. Balaji, and the rest of the Carnegie Airborne Observatory team for collecting and processing airborne LiDAR data, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that significantly improved this manuscript. This study was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the HSBC Climate Partnership, SENACYT (COL10-052 to Daisy Dent) and the National Science Foundation (DEB-92-08031 to Julie Denslow). The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, W.M. Keck Foundation, and William Hearst III. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 276 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.032 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964TO UT WOS:000305719800007 ER PT J AU Coleman, TW Graves, AD Hoddle, M Heath, Z Chen, YG Flint, ML Seybold, SJ AF Coleman, Tom W. Graves, Andrew D. Hoddle, Mark Heath, Zachary Chen, Yigen Flint, Mary Louise Seybold, Steven J. TI Forest stand composition and impacts associated with Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse in oak woodlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Goldspotted oak borer; Indigenous exotic species; Invasive species; Oak mortality; Phloem/xylem borer; Quercus ID SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CHESTNUT BORER; DEFOLIATED OAK; MORTALITY; DECLINE; TREES; RECRUITMENT; BILINEATUS; INSECTS AB From 2009-2011, we assessed the impact of the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer, or its sibling species, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse, at locations in southern California (denoted infested: ICA and uninfested: UCA), southeastern Arizona (AZ), and southern Mexico (MX). Our surveys examined forest composition of oak woodlands; the degree of injury and proportion of oaks infested with either A. auroguttatus (ICA and AZ) or A. coxalis (MX); and the progression of aerially mapped oak mortality in San Diego Co. (ICA). By most measures of impact that we evaluated, the effect on oaks by the two Agrilus spp. was relatively low in their native regions, but significantly higher by A. auroguttatus at ICA sites. Larger diameter red oak species have been the preferred hosts of A. auroguttatus in AZ and ICA sites, and red oaks greater than approx. 13 cm in DBH throughout California are likely at risk of injury from this invasive pest. At sites in AZ there was no evidence of infestation by A. auroguttatus on living or dead white oak species, whereas at ICA sites we recorded a minor amount of infestation by A. auroguttatus on living individuals of a white oak species (Quercus engelmannii Greene), but no mortality. In contrast, a white oak from MX sites (Quercus peduncularis) was more frequently infested by A. coxalis than were indigenous red oaks. Across all ICA sites, A. auroguttatus has infested 61% of the live larger diameter oaks and killed 13% of the oak component of the forest (vs. 4% infested and 2% dead in AZ, respectively). At survey plots near the predicted origin of the outbreak in CA, over 90% of the larger diameter red oaks have been infested. Nearly 90% of the dead oaks surveyed across all ICA sites showed evidence of previous injury symptoms from A. auroguttatus. Aerial oak mortality polygons associated with A. auroguttatus have expanded similar to 50 km in nine years, but our analysis confirms that the outbreak appears to still be confined to San Diego Co. The distance of oak mortality polygons from the predicted origin of the outbreak explained the most variance in a principal component analysis. The invasive population of A. auroguttatus is a significant conservation and ecological threat to the oak woodlands of California and should be managed accordingly, especially by restricting firewood movement. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coleman, Tom W.] USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. [Graves, Andrew D.] USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Hoddle, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Heath, Zachary] USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Monitoring, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Chen, Yigen; Flint, Mary Louise] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, Yigen; Flint, Mary Louise] Univ Calif Davis, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Seybold, Steven J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coleman, TW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, 602 S Tippecanoe Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. EM twcoleman@fs.fed.us; adgraves@fs.fed.us; mhoddle@ucr.edu; zheath@fs.fed.us; ygchen2007@gmail.com; mlflint@ucdavis.edu; sjseybold@gmail.com FU Cleveland and Coronado National Forests; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Invasive Species Program [09-JV-11272138-028]; USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, International Activities and Travel Program; Forest Health Monitoring Program [WC-DM-09-01, WC-EM-F-10-01]; Forest Health Protection, Region 5; Washington Office FX The authors would like to thank Stacy Hishinuma, Michael Jones, Jennifer King, and Deguang Liu, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis; Andreana Cipollone, Grayland Walter, and Paul Zambino, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Region 5; Joel McMillin and Bobbe Fitzgibbon, USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection, Region 3; Brent Oblinger and Megan Woods, USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Monitoring Region 5; David L. Wood, University of California, Berkeley; Alicia Nino Dominguez, EcoSur; Raul Altuzar, Mexico Commission of National Forests, Chiapas, Mexico; Tracy Johnston, Smartway Landscaping, Descanso, California, Kevin Nixon, Cornell University: Richard and Janette Slaughter, Japatul Valley, California, and the Cleveland and Coronado National Forests for their support and assistance with this work. Funding for this work was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Invasive Species Program (Joint Venture Agreement #09-JV-11272138-028); USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, International Activities and Travel Program; Forest Health Monitoring Program (Grants #WC-DM-09-01 and WC-EM-F-10-01), and Forest Health Protection, Region 5 and Washington Office. The comments of three anonymous reviewers and Michael Albers greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 276 BP 104 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.011 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964TO UT WOS:000305719800012 ER PT J AU Hu, HF Wang, GG Walke, JL Knapp, BO AF Hu, Huifeng Wang, G. Geoff Walke, Joan L. Knapp, Benjamin O. TI Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on planted longleaf pine seedlings SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy treatment; Cultural treatment; Growth; Height growth; Root collar diameter; Survival ID PALUSTRIS MILL. SEEDLINGS; 6 GROWING SEASONS; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; GROWTH; REGENERATION; RESTORATION; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM; SURVIVAL AB A field study was installed to test silvicultural treatments for establishing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands. Harvesting was used to create seven canopy treatments, four with uniformly distributed canopies at different residual basal areas [Control (16.2 m(2)/ha), MedBA (9.0 m(2)/ha), LowBA (6.4 m(2)/ha), and Clearcut (0 m(2)/ha)] and three circular gaps defined by area [LG (similar to 5281 m(2)), MG (similar to 3217 m(2)), and SG (similar to 1576 m(2))]. Within each canopy treatment, we applied three cultural treatments designed to benefit planted seedling early growth: no treatment (NT), herbicide (H), and herbicide plus fertilization (H + F). Three growing seasons after planting, seedling survival significantly differed among canopy treatments; compared to Controls, Clearcut plots had higher survival (80.6%). H and H + F treatments did not affect seedling survival in the first two years after application. Canopy removal generally increased seedling root collar diameter (RCD) but interacted with cultural treatments. NT within Controls had the smallest RCD, and H + F within Clearcuts had the largest RCD. Canopy treatments significantly affected the percentage of seedlings in height growth (i.e., terminal bud >15 cm high); Control plots had a significantly lower percentage of seedlings in height growth than other canopy treatments. H and H + F treatments also significantly increased the percentage of seedlings in height growth when compared to NT. Our results indicate that canopy removal improves early establishment of longleaf pine seedlings and that herbicides may additionally be used to increase early longleaf pine seedling growth. Our results are similar to those reported in previous studies conducted in mature longleaf pine stands. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Huifeng; Wang, G. Geoff; Knapp, Benjamin O.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Walke, Joan L.] Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Wang, GG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gwang@clemson.edu RI hu, huifeng/I-4694-2012 OI hu, huifeng/0000-0003-2223-170X FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); Department of Defense (DoD); Department of Energy (DoE); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [SI-1474]; Forest Protection Program; Forest Management Program at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC FX Funding for this project was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) sponsored by the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Energy (DoE), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (SI-1474: Managing declining pine stands for the restoration of red-cockaded woodpecker habitat). We would like to thank the Forest Protection Program and Forest Management Program at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC for support throughout this project. The authors would like to thank following field technicians for assistance with data collection: Seth Cook, K. Hunter Leary, Joe Ledvina, Bryan Mudder, Erik Pearson, Shawna Reid, Lindsay Stewart, Carsyn Tennant, and Evelyn Wenk. Dr. James R. Rieck, from the Department of Mathematical Sciences of Clemson University provided statistical support. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 276 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.031 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964TO UT WOS:000305719800023 ER PT J AU Rhoades, CC Battaglia, MA Rocca, ME Ryan, MG AF Rhoades, C. C. Battaglia, M. A. Rocca, M. E. Ryan, M. G. TI Short- and medium-term effects of fuel reduction mulch treatments on soil nitrogen availability in Colorado conifer forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mastication; Chipping; Nitrogen cycling; Soil productivity ID WATER-QUALITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; DECOMPOSITION; IMMOBILIZATION; RESTORATION; HARDWOODS; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; MOISTURE; PRAIRIE AB Mechanical fuel reduction treatments have been implemented on millions of hectares of western North American forests. The redistribution of standing forest biomass to the soil surface by mulching treatments has no ecological analog, and this practice may alter soil processes and forest productivity. We evaluated the effects of mulch addition on soil nitrogen availability at 15 fuel reduction projects in the southern Rocky Mountains and Colorado Plateau regions of Colorado. Mulching treatments removed 38 Mg ha(-1) of standing forest biomass on average and added 2-4 cm of irregular woody fragments to the 0 horizon. Mulching lowered maximum summer soil temperatures and increased soil moisture. The N added in mulch was equivalent to half the amount contained in untreated 0 horizons, and mulch had a lower N concentration and wider C:N ratio than material of similar size in untreated areas. Plant-available soil N, measured in situ with ion exchange resins was reduced under heavily-mulched experimental plots the year mulching occurred, but the effect did not persist for a second year. The nitrogen content of freshly-applied mulch increased by 9, 24 and 55 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) in plots receiving 22, 49 and 105 Mg ha(-1) of mulch material on average. In contrast, 5-year-old mulch released N regardless of amount of mulch added. Three to five years after treatment, available N was 32% higher in mulched fuel reduction treatments compared to untreated forests. Heavy mulch application has the potential to temporarily reduce soil N availability in limited areas, but as implemented in Colorado conifer forests, fuel reduction mulch treatments increase soil N availability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rhoades, C. C.; Battaglia, M. A.; Ryan, M. G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rocca, M. E.; Ryan, M. G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rocca, M. E.; Ryan, M. G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rhoades, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM crhoades@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Rocca, Monique/N-4528-2013 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Rocca, Monique/0000-0002-5298-1643 FU Joint Agency Fire Science Program [06-3-2-26] FX This research was funded by the Joint Agency Fire Science Program (06-3-2-26). We thank Brett Wolk, Akasha Faist, Jenny Ventker, Derek Pierson and others for assistance with data collection and sample analysis. Special thanks to our cooperators at the US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Boulder County Open Space, Colorado State Forest Service, Colorado State Park Service, Colorado Springs Utility Company, YMCA of the Rockies, and Denver Water Board. Sigrid Resh helped initiate contacts with site cooperators. Thanks to Scott Baggett and Rudy King for statistical advice and Dan Binkley for insights that helped design the study and improve the manuscript. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 276 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.028 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964TO UT WOS:000305719800026 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Atkinson, S Hoover-Miller, A Shelver, WL Li, QX AF Wang, Dongli Atkinson, Shannon Hoover-Miller, Anne Shelver, Weilin L. Li, Qing X. TI Organic halogenated contaminants in mother-fetus pairs of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) from Alaska, 2000-2002 SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Persistent organic pollutants; Harbor seals; Maternal transfer ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MELON-HEADED WHALES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; REPRODUCTIVE TRANSFER AB This study measured organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in tissues of six mother-fetus pairs of harbor seals that were hunted for subsistence in Alaska waters of the Northern Pacific Ocean. These data suggest that significant amounts of these contaminants were transferred from mother harbor seals to fetuses during pregnancy and distributed among fetal organs. The tissue distribution depended on the chemical groups, the specific compounds in the groups and the target organs. Concentration profiles of Sigma OCPs, Sigma PCBs, Sigma PCNs and Sigma PBDEs were remarkably similar among maternal blubber, liver, and placenta, fetal blubber, and liver (except for HCHs), possibly indicating that the placenta did not serve as a barrier for all of the compounds analyzed. DDTs, HCB, HCHs, PCBs and PBDEs could penetrate the placenta and accumulate in the blubber of the fetus in utero, while HCHs. PCBs and PBDEs penetrated the placenta and accumulated more preferentially in the fetal liver than in the fetal brain in comparison with DDTs and HCB. Heptachlor and PCNs penetrated the placenta and accumulated in the fetal liver and brain instead of fetal blubber. Similar maternal transfer trends for OCPs, PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs were shown by fetal to maternal (FM) blubber ratios and FM liver ratios. Prenatal transfer of these toxic contaminants from mothers to fetus presumably through the placenta may pose health risks to the fetus during early development. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Dongli; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon; Hoover-Miller, Anne] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hoover-Miller, Anne] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu FU Alaska SeaLife Center; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) [881-1724]; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [G12 RR003061, G12 MD007601] FX Harbor seal tissue samples were generously donated by the Alaska Native Harbor Seal Commission Biosampling Program. Dr. Gail Blundell of Alaska Department of Fish and Game kindly provided the tooth aging data. This study was supported in part by the Alaska SeaLife Center, with funds from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS research permit numbers: 881-1724) and by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (G12 RR003061 and G12 MD007601). The authors sincerely thank Lori Quakenbush and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive and thorough comments and suggestions to improve this paper. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 223 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.052 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 964BL UT WOS:000305668600009 PM 22579763 ER PT J AU Bashan, Y Salazar, BG Moreno, M Lopez, BR Linderman, RG AF Bashan, Yoav Salazar, Bernardo G. Moreno, Manuel Lopez, Blanca R. Linderman, Robert G. TI Restoration of eroded soil in the Sonoran Desert with native leguminous trees using plant growth-promoting microorganisms and limited amounts of compost and water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Azospirillum; Cardon cactus; Desert; Mesquite; Mycorrhizal fungi; Bacillus; Palo verde; Parkinsonia; Plant growth-promoting bacteria; PGPB; PGPR; Prosopis; Restoration; Regeneration; Revegetation; Soil erosion ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; ARBUSCULAR-MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; RESOURCE-ISLAND SOILS; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; CACTUS SEEDLINGS; NURSE PLANTS; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; ABANDONED FARMLAND AB Restoration of highly eroded desert land was attempted in the southern Sonoran Desert that had lost its natural capacity for self-revegetation. In six field experiments, the fields were planted with three native leguminous trees: mesquite amargo Prosopis articulata, and yellow and blue palo verde Parkinsonia microphylla and Parkinsonia florida. Restoration included inoculation with two of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB; Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and small quantities of compost. Irrigation was applied, when necessary, to reach a rainy year (300 mm) of the area. The plots were maintained for 61 months. Survival of the trees was marginally affected by all supplements after 30 months, in the range of 60-90%. This variation depended on the plant species, where all young trees were established after 3 months. Plant density was a crucial variable and, in general, low plant density enhanced survival. High planting density was detrimental. Survival significantly declined in trees 61 months after planting. No general response of the trees to plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost was found. Mesquite amargo and yellow palo verde responded well (height, number of branches, and diameter of the main stem) to inoculation with PGPB, AM fungi, and compost supplementation after three months of application. Fewer positive effects were recorded after 30 months. Blue palo verde did not respond to most treatments and had the lowest survival. Specific plant growth parameters were affected to varying degrees to inoculations or amendments, primarily depending on the tree species. Some combinations of tree/inoculant/amendment resulted in small negative effects or no response when measured after extended periods of time. Using native leguminous trees, this study demonstrated that restoration of severely eroded desert lands was possible. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bashan, Yoav; Salazar, Bernardo G.; Moreno, Manuel; Lopez, Blanca R.] NW Ctr Biol Res CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. [Bashan, Yoav] Bashan Fdn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Linderman, Robert G.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), NW Ctr Biol Res, Environm Microbiol Grp, Mar Bermejo 195, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. EM bashan@cals.arizona.edu FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT) [50052-Z]; Bashan Foundation, USA FX We thank Claudia Rojas and Luis Leyva for technical assistance in establishing the initial stages of the field studies and Rocio Villalpando and Juan-Pablo Hernandez for taking plant measurements and for their help in hand irrigating the field experiments for two years. We thank Peter Felker (D'Arrigo Bros, Salinas, California) for advice concerning cultivation of mesquite trees, Jose-Luis Leon de la Luz for botanical advice, and Luz de-Bashan for organizing parts of the field work and organizing the manuscript. Ira Fogel of CIBNOR provided editorial services. This study was mainly supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT grant 50052-Z) and partly funded by The Bashan Foundation, USA. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 14 U2 78 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 102 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.032 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946EX UT WOS:000304335400004 PM 22425876 ER PT J AU Vasu, P Savary, BJ Cameron, RG AF Vasu, Prasanna Savary, Brett J. Cameron, Randall G. TI Purification and characterization of a papaya (Carica papaya L.) pectin methylesterase isolated from a commercial papain preparation SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carica papaya; Fruit latex; Liquipanol; Pectin methylesterase; Biochemical characterization; Chromatography purification; MALDI-TOF-MS ID SINENSIS VAR. VALENCIA; FRUIT; PECTINESTERASE; LATEX; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INACTIVATION; INHIBITOR; STABILITY; KIWI; PEEL AB We purified a Carica papaya pectin methylesterase (CpL-PME; EC 3.1.1.11) from a commercial papain preparation. This CpL-PME was separated from the abundant cysteine endopeptidases activities using sequential hydrophobic interaction and cation-exchange chromatographies and then purified by affinity chromatography using Sepharose-immobilized kiwi PME inhibitor protein to obtain a single electrophoretically homogeneous protein. The enzyme was purified 92-fold with 38% yield, providing a specific activity of 1200 U/mg. The molecular weight was determined to be 35,135 by MALDI-TOF-MS in linear mode. MALDI-TOF-MS peptide mass fingerprinting following trypsin digestion indicated CpL-PME represents a novel Carica PME isoform. The CpL-PME required salt for activity, and it showed a broad activity range (pH 6-9) and moderate thermostability (optimum ca. 70 degrees C). A calcium-insensitive methylated lime pectin treated with CpL-PME to reduce degree of methylesterification by 6% converted the substrate to high calcium sensitivity, indicating a processive mode of action. These properties support further research to apply CpL-PME to tailor pectin nanostructure. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vasu, Prasanna; Savary, Brett J.] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Savary, Brett J.] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr & Technol, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Cameron, Randall G.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Savary, BJ (reprint author), Arkansas Biosci Inst, POB 639, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM bsavary@astate.edu FU USDA-NRI [71.1, 2009-35503-05205]; Arkansas Biosciences Institute at ASU; NSF EPSCoR; RII: Arkansas ASSET Initiative P3 Center [EPS-0701890]; USDA-ARS CRIS [6621-41000-016=00D] FX This research was supported by a grant from USDA-NRI Program 71.1, Improving Food Quality and Value (#2009-35503-05205), the Arkansas Biosciences Institute at ASU, NSF EPSCoR, RII: Arkansas ASSET Initiative P3 Center (#EPS-0701890), and USDA-ARS CRIS 6621-41000-016=00D. We thank Esha Das, James W. Miller, and Steve Kauffman for technical assistance. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 133 IS 2 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 925LL UT WOS:000302762600018 PM 25683408 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Eggert, D Beck, JR AF Swayne, David E. Eggert, Dawn Beck, Joan R. TI Reduction of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in eggs from chickens once or twice vaccinated with an oil-emulsified inactivated H5 avian influenza vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Poultry; Egg production; Avian influenza ID EFFICACY; PROTECTION; EPIDEMIC; IMMUNITY; POULTRY AB The negative impact of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection on egg production and deposition of virus in eggs, as well as any protective effect of vaccination, is unknown. Individually housed non-vaccinated, sham-vaccinated and inactivated H5N9 vaccinated Once or Twice adult White leghorn hens were challenged intranasally/intratracheally 3-weeks post-vaccination with H5N2 HPAIV. The non/sham-vaccinated layers experienced 100% mortality (0% survivability) within 3-4 days post-challenge (DPC), and major changes to reproductive parameters including precipitous drops in egg production (79-0% in <5 days), production of soft and thin-shelled eggs, and deposition of virus in albumin and yolk, and on the egg shell surface of 53% of eggs. By comparison, the three H5-vaccinated groups had 83%, 100% and 100% survivability after challenge; the two H5-vaccinated Once hens that died had low pre-challenge HI titers (GMT = 16). H5-vaccinated Once or Twice groups maintained egg production after challenge (63%), but there was a mild and significant reduction in egg production as compared to pre-challenge egg production (79%). H5-vaccinated groups had reduced number of virus contaminated eggs (28%), and in most groups, reduced quantity of virus in contaminated eggs compared to non-/sham-vaccinated groups. No HPAIV-positive eggs were laid on or after 5 DPC. In conclusion, HPAIV infection had major negative impact on egg production and other reproductive parameters. H5-vaccination Once or Twice prevented declines in egg production after HPAIV challenge, reduced number of virus-infected eggs, and typically reduced the titer of virus in internal contents and on eggshell surface. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Swayne, David E.; Eggert, Dawn; Beck, Joan R.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov; Dawn.Eggert@ars.usda.gov; jbeck009@charter.net FU Cooperative Research Information System (CRIS) [6612-32000-048] FX This research was supported by Cooperative Research Information System (CRIS) Project No. 6612-32000-048. The authors thank Kira Moresco and James Doster for excellent technical assistance. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 33 BP 4964 EP 4970 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.041 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 976XY UT WOS:000306621900010 PM 22652397 ER PT J AU Madsen-Bouterse, SA Zhuang, DY O'Rourke, KI Schneider, DA AF Madsen-Bouterse, Sally A. Zhuang, Dongyue O'Rourke, Katherine I. Schneider, David A. TI Differential immunoreactivity of goat derived scrapie following in vitro misfolding versus mouse bioassay SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Scrapie; Goat; Protein misfolding cyclic amplification; Ovinized mouse; Bioassay ID CYCLIC AMPLIFICATION; PRION PROTEIN; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRECLINICAL SCRAPIE; PRPSC ACCUMULATION; CLASSICAL SCRAPIE; TRANSGENIC MICE; SHEEP SCRAPIE; PRNP GENOTYPE; OVINE PRP AB The protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assay allows for detection of prion protein misfolding activity in tissues and fluids from sheep with scrapie where it was previously undetected by conventional western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. Studies of goats with scrapie have yet to take advantage of PMCA, which could aid in discerning the risk of transmission between goats and goats to sheep. The aim of the current study was to adapt PMCA for evaluation of scrapie derived from goats. Diluted brain homogenate from scrapie-infected goats (i.e., the scrapie seed, PrPSc) was subjected to PMCA using normal brain homogenate from ovinized transgenic mice (tg338) as the source of normal cellular prion protein (the substrate, PrPC). The assay end-point was detection of the proteinase K-resistant misfolded prion protein core (PrPres) by western blot. Protein misfolding activity was consistently observed in caprine brain homogenate diluted 10,000-fold after 5 PMCA rounds. Epitope mapping by western blot analyses demonstrated that PrPres post-PMCA was readily detected with an N-terminus anti-PrP monoclonal antibody (P4), similar to scrapie inoculum from goats. This was in contrast to limited detection of PrPres with P4 following mouse bioassay. The inverse was observed with a monoclonal antibody to the C-terminus (F99/97.6.1). Thus, brain homogenate prepared from uninoculated tg338 served as an appropriate substrate for serial PMCA of PrPSc derived from goats. These observations suggest that concurrent PMCA and bioassay with tg338 could improve characterization of goat derived scrapie. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Madsen-Bouterse, Sally A.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Zhuang, Dongyue; O'Rourke, Katherine I.; Schneider, David A.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Madsen-Bouterse, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, 402 Bustad, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM smadsen@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service under CRIS [5348-32000-026-00D] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under CRIS 5348-32000-026-00D. We are thankful for the assistance of L. Fuller, D. Chandler and K. Ross for care of the animals, D. Lesiak for PRNP genotyping, and R. Dassanayake for helpful discussions. We are grateful to L. Hamburg for the management of the tg338 colony, which included inoculations, clinical observation, and tissue collection. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 423 IS 4 BP 770 EP 774 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.034 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 982GZ UT WOS:000307032400026 PM 22713450 ER PT J AU Barthe, S Gugerli, F Barkley, NA Maggia, L Cardi, C Scotti, I AF Barthe, Stephanie Gugerli, Felix Barkley, Noelle A. Maggia, Laurent Cardi, Celine Scotti, Ivan TI Always Look on Both Sides: Phylogenetic Information Conveyed by Simple Sequence Repeat Allele Sequences SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLANKING SEQUENCES; MUTATION MODEL; QUERCUS-ROBUR; HOMOPLASY; PATTERNS; DNA; DISTANCES; EVOLUTION AB Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are widely used tools for inferences about genetic diversity, phylogeography and spatial genetic structure. Their applications assume that variation among alleles is essentially caused by an expansion or contraction of the number of repeats and that, accessorily, mutations in the target sequences follow the stepwise mutation model (SMM). Generally speaking, PCR amplicon sizes are used as direct indicators of the number of SSR repeats composing an allele with the data analysis either ignoring the extent of allele size differences or assuming that there is a direct correlation between differences in amplicon size and evolutionary distance. However, without precisely knowing the kind and distribution of polymorphism within an allele (SSR and the associated flanking region (FR) sequences), it is hard to say what kind of evolutionary message is conveyed by such a synthetic descriptor of polymorphism as DNA amplicon size. In this study, we sequenced several SSR alleles in multiple populations of three divergent tree genera and disentangled the types of polymorphisms contained in each portion of the DNA amplicon containing an SSR. The patterns of diversity provided by amplicon size variation, SSR variation itself, insertions/deletions (indels), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) observed in the FRs were compared. Amplicon size variation largely reflected SSR repeat number. The amount of variation was as large in FRs as in the SSR itself. The former contributed significantly to the phylogenetic information and sometimes was the main source of differentiation among individuals and populations contained by FR and SSR regions of SSR markers. The presence of mutations occurring at different rates within a marker's sequence offers the opportunity to analyse evolutionary events occurring on various timescales, but at the same time calls for caution in the interpretation of SSR marker data when the distribution of within-locus polymorphism is not known. C1 [Barthe, Stephanie] Univ French W Indies & French Guiana, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana. [Gugerli, Felix] Swiss Fed Res Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Biodivers & Conservat Biol Res Unit, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Barkley, Noelle A.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA USA. [Maggia, Laurent] Inst Agron Neocaledonien, Unite Mixte Rech Ameliorat Genet & Adaptat Plante, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Cardi, Celine] Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, Unite Mixte Rech Ameliorat Genet & Adaptat Plante, Montpellier, France. [Scotti, Ivan] Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana. RP Barthe, S (reprint author), Univ French W Indies & French Guiana, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana. EM ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf RI Gugerli, Felix/C-9369-2009; Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 OI Gugerli, Felix/0000-0003-3878-1845; FU PO-FEDER Guyane "ENERGIRAVI"; European Social Fund FX Funding provided by PO-FEDER Guyane "ENERGIRAVI" http://www.europe-guyane.eu/index.php?option = com_content&task = view&id = 14&Itemid = 206. SB's Doctoral program has been partly funded by the European Social Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40699 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040699 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 974CF UT WOS:000306406700046 PM 22808236 ER PT J AU Gabriel, MW Woods, LW Poppenga, R Sweitzer, RA Thompson, C Matthews, SM Higley, JM Keller, SM Purcell, K Barrett, RH Wengert, GM Sacks, BN Clifford, DL AF Gabriel, Mourad W. Woods, Leslie W. Poppenga, Robert Sweitzer, Rick A. Thompson, Craig Matthews, Sean M. Higley, J. Mark Keller, Stefan M. Purcell, Kathryn Barrett, Reginald H. Wengert, Greta M. Sacks, Benjamin N. Clifford, Deana L. TI Anticoagulant Rodenticides on our Public and Community Lands: Spatial Distribution of Exposure and Poisoning of a Rare Forest Carnivore SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ZEALAND NOTHOFAGUS FOREST; STOATS MUSTELA ERMINEA; SEX-RATIO; NONTARGET WILDLIFE; BRODIFACOUM; CALIFORNIA; INTOXICATION; PREGNANCY; ANIMALS; MAMMALS AB Anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) poisoning has emerged as a significant concern for conservation and management of nontarget wildlife. The purpose for these toxicants is to suppress pest populations in agricultural or urban settings. The potential of direct and indirect exposures and illicit use of ARs on public and community forest lands have recently raised concern for fishers (Martes pennanti), a candidate for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act in the Pacific states. In an investigation of threats to fisher population persistence in the two isolated California populations, we investigate the magnitude of this previously undocumented threat to fishers, we tested 58 carcasses for the presence and quantification of ARs, conducted spatial analysis of exposed fishers in an effort to identify potential point sources of AR, and identified fishers that died directly due to AR poisoning. We found 46 of 58 (79%) fishers exposed to an AR with 96% of those individuals having been exposed to one or more second-generation AR compounds. No spatial clustering of AR exposure was detected and the spatial distribution of exposure suggests that AR contamination is widespread within the fisher's range in California, which encompasses mostly public forest and park lands Additionally, we diagnosed four fisher deaths, including a lactating female, that were directly attributed to AR toxicosis and documented the first neonatal or milk transfer of an AR to an altricial fisher kit. These ARs, which some are acutely toxic, pose both a direct mortality or fitness risk to fishers, and a significant indirect risk to these isolated populations. Future research should be directed towards investigating risks to prey populations fishers are dependent on, exposure in other rare forest carnivores, and potential AR point sources such as illegal marijuana cultivation in the range of fishers on California public lands. C1 [Gabriel, Mourad W.; Wengert, Greta M.] Integral Ecol Res Ctr, Blue Lake, CA USA. [Gabriel, Mourad W.; Sacks, Benjamin N.] Univ Calif Davis, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Woods, Leslie W.; Poppenga, Robert] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sweitzer, Rick A.; Barrett, Reginald H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sierra Nevada Adapt Management Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thompson, Craig; Purcell, Kathryn] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA USA. [Matthews, Sean M.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hoopa, CA USA. [Higley, J. Mark] Hoopa Tribal Forestry, Dept Wildlife, Hoopa, CA USA. [Keller, Stefan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clifford, Deana L.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Invest Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Gabriel, MW (reprint author), Integral Ecol Res Ctr, Blue Lake, CA USA. EM mwgabriel@ucdavis.edu RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012; Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368; NR 65 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40163 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040163 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 974CF UT WOS:000306406700023 PM 22808110 ER PT J AU Valadez-Lira, JA Alcocer-Gonzalez, JM Damas, G Nunez-Mejia, G Oppert, B Rodriguez-Padilla, C Tamez-Guerra, P AF Valadez-Lira, J. A. Alcocer-Gonzalez, J. M. Damas, G. Nunez-Mejia, G. Oppert, B. Rodriguez-Padilla, C. Tamez-Guerra, P. TI Comparative evaluation of phenoloxidase activity in different larval stages of four lepidopteran pests after exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; innate humoral response; Plodia interpuctella; Spodoptera exigua; Trichoplusia ni ID PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; INDIANMEAL MOTH; INSECT DEFENSE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BOMBYX-MORI; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Microbial entomopathogen-based bioinsecticides are recognized as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Insects defend themselves against microbial pathogens by innate mechanisms, including increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity, but its relationship with microbial bioinsecticides efficacy is little known. This study evaluated the differences in PO activity at different developmental stages of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Pyralidae), beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Noctuidae), and cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Noctuidae). Additionally, 2nd- and 4th-instars were exposed to the LC50 value of the commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spray, Biobit (R). The percentage of insecticidal activity (IA%) on 2nd-instar Biobit-exposed larvae was approximately the predicted 50 % mortality for all species except S. exigua. With all 4th instar Biobit-exposed larvae, mortality was not significantly different from that of unexposed larvae. Unexposed insects had a significantly higher PO activity in pre-pupae and pupae than early-instar larvae and adults, whereas PO activity was higher in adult females than in males. Correlation analysis between IA% and PO activity revealed significant r-values (p < 0.01) in 2nd instar H. virescens (r = 0.979) and P. interpunctella (r = 0.930). Second instar Biobit-exposed P. interpunctella had 10 times more PO activity than unexposed larvae. Similarly, the amount of total protein was lower in 4th instar Biobit-exposed H. virescens and higher in S. exigua. Therefore, the results indicated a relationship between Biobit susceptibility and PO activity in some cases. This information may be useful if the Biobit application period is timed for a developmental stage with low PO activity. However, more studies are needed to determine the correlation of each insect with a particular bioinsecticide. C1 [Valadez-Lira, J. A.; Alcocer-Gonzalez, J. M.; Damas, G.; Nunez-Mejia, G.; Rodriguez-Padilla, C.; Tamez-Guerra, P.] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Leon, Spain. [Oppert, B.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Tamez-Guerra, P (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Leon, Spain. EM jalvali79@yahoo.com.mx; jualcocer@gmail.com; gabydamas@hotmail.com; grisnzm@hotmail.com; brenda.oppert@ars.usda.gov; crrodrig@mail.uanl.mx; patricia.tamezgr@uanl.edu.mx RI Magana, Felipe/B-6966-2013 FU research and scientific exchange division, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [210-22310-003-03S, FGP 542/09]; Fundacion Guanajuato Produce A. C. [542/09]; CONACyT [155771] FX This study was supported by the research and scientific exchange division, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 210-22310-003-03S to CRP, and FGP 542/09, Fundacion Guanajuato Produce A. C. 542/09, and CONACyT 155771 to PTG. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUL 12 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 80 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 974AN UT WOS:000306402200001 PM 23414117 ER PT J AU Chen, YT Cassone, BJ Bai, XD Redinbaugh, MG Michel, AP AF Chen, Yuting Cassone, Bryan J. Bai, Xiaodong Redinbaugh, Margaret G. Michel, Andrew P. TI Transcriptome of the Plant Virus Vector Graminella nigrifrons, and the Molecular Interactions of Maize fine streak rhabdovirus Transmission SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; REAL-TIME PCR; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RNA INTERFERENCE; LEAFHOPPER TRANSMISSION; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; TRIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; INSECT IMMUNITY AB Background: Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are plant-phloem feeders that are known for their ability to vector plant pathogens. The black-faced leafhopper (Graminella nigrifrons) has been identified as the only known vector for the Maize fine streak virus (MFSV), an emerging plant pathogen in the Rhabdoviridae. Within G. nigrifrons populations, individuals can be experimentally separated into three classes based on their capacity for viral transmission: transmitters, acquirers and non-acquirers. Understanding the molecular interactions between vector and virus can reveal important insights in virus immune defense and vector transmission. Results: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to characterize the transcriptome of G. nigrifrons. A total of 38,240 ESTs of a minimum 100 bp were generated from two separate cDNA libraries consisting of virus transmitters and acquirers. More than 60% of known D. melanogaster, A. gambiae, T. castaneum immune response genes mapped to our G. nigrifrons EST database. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed significant down-regulation of three genes for peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRP - SB1, SD, and LC) in G. nigrifrons transmitters versus control leafhoppers. Conclusions: Our study is the first to characterize the transcriptome of a leafhopper vector species. Significant sequence similarity in immune defense genes existed between G. nigrifrons and other well characterized insects. The down-regulation of PGRPs in MFSV transmitters suggested a possible role in rhabdovirus transmission. The results provide a framework for future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant virus vector competence. C1 [Chen, Yuting; Bai, Xiaodong; Michel, Andrew P.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Cassone, Bryan J.; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Cassone, Bryan J.; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH USA. RP Chen, YT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM michel.70@osu.edu RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 FU Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Resarch Service FX Funding was provided by the Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, an OARDC-Graduate Research Award (YC), and United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Resarch Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40613 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040613 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 973NH UT WOS:000306366400041 PM 22808205 ER PT J AU Kamil, A Chen, CYO AF Kamil, Alison Chen, C. -Y. Oliver TI Health Benefits of Almonds beyond Cholesterol Reduction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE almonds; anti-inflammation; antioxidation; body weight; cholesterol; glucoregulation ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; RISK-FACTORS; BODY-WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTPRANDIAL GLYCEMIA; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL AB Almonds are rich in monounsaturated fat, fiber, alpha-tocopherol, minerals such as magnesium and copper, and phytonutrients, albeit being energy-dense. The favorable fat composition and fiber contribute to the hypocholesterolemic benefit of almond consumption. By virtue of their unique nutrient composition, almonds are likely to benefit other modifiable cardiovascular and diabetes risks, such as body weight, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This paper briefly reviews the nutrient composition and hypocholesterolemic benefits; the effects of almond consumption on body weight, glucose regulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, based on the data of clinical trials, will then be discussed. Although more studies are definitely warranted, the emerging evidence supports that almond consumption beneficially influences chronic degenerative disease risk beyond cholesterol reduction, particularly in populations with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. C1 [Kamil, Alison; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707]; Almond Board of California FX Supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-7-707 and a grant from the Almond Board of California. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 27 SI SI BP 6694 EP 6702 DI 10.1021/jf2044795 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972RO UT WOS:000306297800006 PM 22296169 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Schauss, AG AF Wu, Xianli Schauss, Alexander G. TI Mitigation of Inflammation with Foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dietary factors; dietary fiber; fish oil; fruits; inflammation; nuts; omega-3 fatty acids; acai (Euterpe oleracea); cocoa; polyphenols; tea; vegetables ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; EUTERPE-OLERACEA MART.; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DIETARY FIBER INTAKE; BERRY JUICE BLEND; TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS; NF-KAPPA-B; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; TNF-ALPHA AB Constant overproduction of pro-inflammatory molecules leads to chronic inflammation. Unlike acute inflammation, which is essential for healing, chronic inflammation can delay healing and, if left unchecked, contribute to a host of diseases. There is growing evidence that some dietary factors can play important roles in maintaining health and even reversing the progression of chronic diseases, with anti-inflammatory effects as important underlying mechanism. Such findings add to the body of evidence that certain dietary components, including polyphenols and other types of compounds, found in various dietary factors including fruits, berries, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and foods of marine origin, can play an important role in attenuating and mitigating chronic pro-inflammatory processes associated with chronic diseases. C1 [Schauss, Alexander G.] AIBMR Life Sci, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. [Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Schauss, AG (reprint author), AIBMR Life Sci, 4117 South Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. EM alex@aimbr.com NR 158 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 27 SI SI BP 6703 EP 6717 DI 10.1021/jf3007008 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972RO UT WOS:000306297800007 PM 22468569 ER PT J AU Wang, GC Farnham, M Jeffery, EH AF Wang, Grace C. Farnham, Mark Jeffery, Elizabeth H. TI Impact of Thermal Processing on Sulforaphane Yield from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. ssp italica) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE broccoli; sulforaphane; nitrile; steam ID GLUCOSINOLATE CONTENT; EPITHIOSPECIFIER PROTEIN; COOKING; CONSUMPTION; VEGETABLES; NITRILE; FLORETS; HUMANS AB In broccoli, sulforaphane forms when the glucosinolate glucoraphanin is hydrolyzed by the endogenous plant thiohydrolase myrosinase. A myrosinase cofactor directs hydrolysis away from the formation of bioactive sulforaphane and toward an inactive product, sulforaphane nitrile. The cofactor is more heat sensitive than myrosinase, presenting an opportunity to preferentially direct hydrolysis toward sulforaphane formation through regulation of thermal processing. Four broccoli cultivars were microwave heated, boiled, or steamed for various lengths of time. Production of nitrile during hydrolysis of unheated broccoli varied among cultivars from 91 to 52% of hydrolysis products (Pinnacle > Marathon > Patriot > Brigadier). Boiling and microwave heating caused an initial loss of nitrile, with a concomitant increase in sulforaphane, followed by loss of sulforaphane, all within 1 min. In contrast, steaming enhanced sulforaphane yield between 1.0 and 3.0 min in all but Brigadier. These data are proof of concept that steaming for 1.0-3.0 min provides less nitrile and more sulforaphane yield from a broccoli meal. C1 [Wang, Grace C.; Jeffery, Elizabeth H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Farnham, Mark] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Jeffery, EH (reprint author), 467 Bevier Hall,905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ejeffery@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (National Research Initiative) [99-35503-7010] FX This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (National Research Initiative Grant 99-35503-7010). NR 15 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 27 SI SI BP 6743 EP 6748 DI 10.1021/jf2050284 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972RO UT WOS:000306297800011 PM 22471240 ER PT J AU Vinson, JA Demkosky, CA Navarre, DA Smyda, MA AF Vinson, Joe A. Demkosky, Cheryil A. Navarre, Duroy A. Smyda, Melissa A. TI High-Antioxidant Potatoes: Acute in Vivo Antioxidant Source and Hypotensive Agent in Humans after Supplementation to Hypertensive Subjects SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE purple potato; anthocyanins; chlorogenic acids; phenolic acids; plasma antioxidant capacity; urine polyphenols; hypertension; blood pressure ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; METAANALYSIS; VEGETABLES; PRODUCTS; STROKE; FOODS; VITRO; RISK; DIET AB Potatoes have the highest daily per capita consumption of all vegetables in the U.S. diet. Pigmented potatoes contain high concentrations of antioxidants, including phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. In a single-dose study six to eight microwaved potatoes with skins or a comparable amount of refined starch as cooked biscuits was given to eight normal fasting subjects; repeated samples of blood were taken over an 8 h period. Plasma antioxidant capacity was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). A 24 h urine was taken before and after each regimen. Urine antioxidant capacity due to polyphenol was measured by Folin reagent after correction for nonphenolic interferences with a solid phase (Polyclar) procedure. Potato caused an increase in plasma and urine antioxidant capacity, whereas refined potato starch caused a decrease in both; that is, it acted as a pro-oxidant. In a crossover study 18 hypertensive subjects with an average BMI of 29 were given either six to eight small microwaved purple potatoes twice daily or no potatoes for 4 weeks and then given the other regimen for another 4 weeks. There was no significant effect of potato on fasting plasma glucose, lipids, or HbA1c. There was no significant body weight increase. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased 4.3%, a 4 mm reduction. Systolic blood pressure decreased 3.5%, a 5 mm reduction. This blood pressure drop occurred despite the fact that 14 of 18 subjects were taking antihypertensive drugs. This is the first study to investigate the effect of potatoes on blood pressure. Thus, purple potatoes are an effective hypotensive agent and lower the risk of heart disease and stroke in hypertensive subjects without weight gain. C1 [Vinson, Joe A.; Smyda, Melissa A.] Univ Scranton, Dept Exercise Sci & Sport, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. [Demkosky, Cheryil A.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Navarre, Duroy A.] Univ Scranton, Dept Chem, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. RP Vinson, JA (reprint author), Univ Scranton, Dept Exercise Sci & Sport, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. EM vinson@scranton.edu FU USDA FX This study was funded by a Cooperative Agreement Grant from the USDA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 27 SI SI BP 6749 EP 6754 DI 10.1021/jf2045262 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972RO UT WOS:000306297800012 PM 22224463 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Reddy, KN Bu, KX Cizdziel, JV AF Duke, Stephen O. Reddy, Krishna N. Bu, Kaixuan Cizdziel, James V. TI Effects of Glyphosate on the Mineral Content of Glyphosate-Resistant Soybeans (Glycine max) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; minerals; soybean; Glycine max; glyphosate resistance; herbicide; ICP-MS ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; MANGANESE; L.; PLANTS; TRANSLOCATION; EQUIVALENT; EXUDATION; FORAGE; GRAIN AB There are conflicting claims as to whether treatment with glyphosate adversely affects mineral nutrition of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. Those who have made claims of adverse effects have argued links between reduced Mn and diseases in these crops. This article describes experiments designed to determine the effects of a recommended rate (0.86 kg ha(-1)) of glyphosate applied once or twice on the mineral content of young and mature leaves, as well as in seeds produced by GR soybeans (Glycine max) in both the greenhouse and field using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the greenhouse, there were no effects of either one application (at 3 weeks after planting, WAP) or two applications (at 3 and 6 WAP) of glyphosate on Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Sr, Ba, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, or Ni content of young or old leaves sampled at 6, 9, and 12 WAP and in harvested seed. Se concentrations were too low for accurate detection in leaves, but there was also no effect of glyphosate applications on Se in the seeds. In the field study, there were no effects of two applications (at 3 and 6 WAP) of glyphosate on Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Sr, Ba, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, or Ni content of young or old leaves at either 9 or 12 WAP. There was also no effect on Se in the seeds. There was no difference in yield between control and glyphosate-treated GR soybeans in the field. The results indicate that glyphosate does not influence mineral nutrition of GR soybean at recommended rates for weed management in the field. Furthermore, the field studies confirm the results of greenhouse studies. C1 [Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bu, Kaixuan; Cizdziel, James V.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM stephen.duke@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [0923080] FX The ICPMS used in this study was obtained through a NSF grant (Award #0923080) to J.V.C. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 27 SI SI BP 6764 EP 6771 DI 10.1021/jf3014603 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972RO UT WOS:000306297800014 PM 22708739 ER PT J AU Huang, XZ Frye, JG Chahine, MA Glenn, LM Ake, JA Su, WW Nikolich, MP Lesho, EP AF Huang, Xiao-Zhe Frye, Jonathan G. Chahine, Mohamad A. Glenn, LaShanda M. Ake, Julie A. Su, Wanwen Nikolich, Mikeljon P. Lesho, Emil P. TI Characteristics of Plasmids in Multi-Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated during Prospective Surveillance of a Newly Opened Hospital in Iraq SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; GENES; MICROARRAY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; WORLDWIDE; INTEGRONS AB Background: Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are major causes of nosocomial infections, and antibiotic resistance in these organisms is often plasmid mediated. Data are scarce pertaining to molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in resource constrained areas such as Iraq. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, all MDR Enterobacteriaceae (n = 38) and randomly selected non-MDR counterparts (n = 41) isolated from patients, healthcare workers and environmental surfaces in a newly opened hospital in Iraq were investigated to characterize plasmids found in these isolates and determine their contribution to antibiotic resistance. Our results demonstrated that MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates harbored significantly more (>= 3) plasmids compared to their non-MDR counterparts, which carried <= 2 plasmids (p<0.01). Various large plasmids (similar to 52 to 100 kb) from representative isolates were confirmed to contain multiple resistance genes by DNA microarray analysis. Aminoglycoside (acc, aadA, aph, strA/B, and ksgA), beta-lactam (bla(TEM1), bla(AMPC), bla(CTX-M-15), bla(OXA-1), bla(VIM-2) and bla(SHV)), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sul/dfr), tetracycline (tet) and chloramphenicol (cat) resistance genes were detected on these plasmids. Additionally, multiple plasmids carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes were found in the same host strain. Genetic transfer-associated genes were identified on the plasmids from both MDR and non-MDR isolates. Seven plasmid replicon types (FII, FIA, FIB, B/O, K, I1 and N) were detected in the isolates, while globally disseminated IncA/C and IncHI1 plasmids were not detected in these isolates. Conclusions/Significance: This is the first report of the characteristics of the plasmids found in Enterobacteriaceae isolated following the opening of a new hospital in Iraq. The information provided here furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance in this specific region and their evolutionary relationship with other parts of world. The large plasmids, carrying resistance genes and transfer-associated genes, may be potential factors for regional dissemination of antibiotic resistance. C1 [Huang, Xiao-Zhe; Chahine, Mohamad A.; Su, Wanwen; Nikolich, Mikeljon P.; Lesho, Emil P.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bacterial Dis Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.; Glenn, LaShanda M.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antidrug Resistant Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ake, Julie A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Huang, XZ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bacterial Dis Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM xiaozhe.huang1.ctr@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP); Global Emerging Infectious Diseases Surveillance and Response (GEIS), U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) FX This study was supported by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP), and the Global Emerging Infectious Diseases Surveillance and Response (GEIS), U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40360 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040360 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 973LU UT WOS:000306362400045 PM 22808141 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Selling, GW Biswas, A AF Sessa, David J. Selling, Gordon W. Biswas, Atanu TI Reaction of Zein with Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate in the Melt State: Thermal, Mechanical, and Physical Properties SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN ISOLATE/POLYCAPROLACTONE BLENDS; GLASS-TRANSITION; CORN ZEIN; COMPATIBILITY; EXTRUSION; CHEMISTRY; GLYOXAL AB Corn protein (zein) was melt-processed with methylenediphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) using triethylamine (TEA) as a catalyst to facilitate the reaction of the isocyanate groups with the nucleophilic moieties present on zein. The product of the reaction was examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to monitor changes in molecular weight. Techniques used to evaluate property changes after reaction included FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and evaluation of mechanical properties. Our findings demonstrated that zein reacts with MDI in the melt state generating higher molecular weight compounds that after compression molding have improved physical properties and solvent resistance. C1 [Sessa, David J.; Selling, Gordon W.; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 27 BP 9199 EP 9203 DI 10.1021/ie201501s PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 972SD UT WOS:000306299300001 ER PT J AU Somura, H Takeda, I Arnold, JG Mori, Y Jeong, J Kannan, N Hoffman, D AF Somura, H. Takeda, I. Arnold, J. G. Mori, Y. Jeong, J. Kannan, N. Hoffman, D. TI Impact of suspended sediment and nutrient loading from land uses against water quality in the Hii River basin, Japan SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Annual load discharge; Lake water environment; Monthly load variations; Modeling approach; SWAT; Watershed management ID MODELING APPROACH; FRESH-WATER; NONPOINT POLLUTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; SURFACE WATERS; SWAT MODEL; EUTROPHICATION; PHOSPHORUS; LAKES AB Lake Shinji lies in eastern Shimane Prefecture, and is typical of brackish lakes in Japan. Water quality of the lake does not meet the expected environmental standards for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), even though the national and prefectural governments have tried to improve water quality by developing maintenance scenarios for sewage, plant effluent, agricultural activity, and forestry. Consequently, detailed data of nutrient loading to the lake from river inflows is crucial to support strategies for improving the lake water environment. The Hii River contributes approximately 80% of the discharge flowing into the lake. In this study, we examine the Hii River catchment with a focus on land uses such as paddy fields, upland fields, residential areas, and forestry. Average annual discharges of suspended sediment (SS), TN, and TP loads were determined at Otsu, near the outlet of the basin into Lake Shinji. We also determined average yield per unit area of SS, TN, and TP loads from each land use. Yields per unit area from upland areas were the greatest, whereas yields from forests were the lowest. Forests were the largest contributor of SS, TN, and TP in the basin, because of its dominant land area. Upland fields had the second largest impact on these loads in the basin, because fertilizer applied to the fields is a major source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). large differences in yields per unit area between fine and rainy day conditions were also observed, especially for SS and TP loads. Furthermore, we determined that a major pathway of N to the river was through groundwater, regardless of land use, whereas P was transported to the river with sediments, especially in paddy and upland fields. Based on these analyses, it will be difficult to reduce the SS load discharge in the basin in the future, because forestry is the major source. In contrast, N and P load reductions are straightforward, because the primary source is agricultural, and appropriate management of fertilizer application will be a key factor in reducing loads. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Somura, H.; Takeda, I.] Shimane Univ, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Mori, Y.] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Environm & Life Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Jeong, J.; Kannan, N.; Hoffman, D.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Somura, H (reprint author), Shimane Univ, Fac Life & Environm Sci, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. EM som-hiroaki@life.shimane-u.ac.jp FU Shimane University priority research project; KAKENHI for Young Scientists [24780234] FX We thank Dr. Barry Roser (Shimane University) for his comments on the manuscript. This study was partially supported by two Grants-in-aid for scientific research: the Shimane University priority research project, and KAKENHI for Young Scientists (B): 24780234. The discharge and water quality data were provided by the Izumo River Office of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 450 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.032 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 973GU UT WOS:000306349000004 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, M Yakirevich, A Pachepsky, YA Sorek, S Weisbrod, N AF Kuznetsov, M. Yakirevich, A. Pachepsky, Y. A. Sorek, S. Weisbrod, N. TI Quasi 3D modeling of water flow in vadose zone and groundwater SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vadose zone; Groundwater; Capillary fringe; Quasi three-dimensional approach; Numerical algorithm ID UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; EVALUATING INTERACTIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; EQUATION; MODFLOW; PACKAGE; SURFACE AB The complexity of subsurface flow systems calls for a variety of concepts leading to the multiplicity of simplified flow models. One habitual simplification is based on the assumption that lateral flow and transport in unsaturated zone are not significant unless the capillary fringe is involved. In such cases the flow and transport in the unsaturated zone above groundwater level can be simulated as a 1D phenomenon, whereas the flow and transport through groundwater are viewed as 2D or 3D phenomena. A new approach for a numerical scheme for 3D variably saturated flow using quasi 3D Richards' equation and finite difference scheme is presented. The corresponding numerical algorithm and the QUASI-3D computer code were developed. Results of the groundwater level simulations were compared with transient laboratory experimental data for 2D data constant-flux infiltration, quasi-3D HYDRUS-MODFLOW numerical model and a FULL-3D numerical model using Richards' equation. Hypothetical 3D examples of infiltration, pumping and groundwater mound dissipation for different spatial-time scales are presented. Water flow simulation for the Alto Piura aquifer (Peru) demonstrates the QUASI-3D model application at the regional scale. Computationally the QUASI-3D code was found to be more efficient by an order of 10-300%, while being accurate with respect to the benchmark fully 3D variable saturation code, when the capillary fringe was considered. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pachepsky, Y. A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kuznetsov, M.; Yakirevich, A.; Sorek, S.; Weisbrod, N.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, Dept Environm Hydrol & Microbiol, J Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kmikhail@bgu.ac.il; alexy@bgu.ac.il; Yakov.Pachepsky@ars.usda.gov; sorek@bgu.ac.il; weisbrod@bgu.ac.il OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU U.S.-Israel Cooperative Development Research Program, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade [C25-014]; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [IA-RES-08-134] FX This research was partially supported under Grant No. C25-014 funded by the U.S.-Israel Cooperative Development Research Program, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development, and by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission under Grant No. IA-RES-08-134. The authors also wish to thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 450 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.025 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 973GU UT WOS:000306349000014 ER PT J AU Wine, ML Zou, CB Bradford, JA Gunter, SA AF Wine, Michael L. Zou, Chris B. Bradford, James A. Gunter, Stacey A. TI Runoff and sediment responses to grazing native and introduced species on highly erodible Southern Great Plains soil SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Bothriochloa ischaemum; Mixed-grass prairie; Oklahoma; Rangeland ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT LOSSES; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; OVERLAND-FLOW; WINTER-WHEAT; LAND-USE; COVER; EROSION; SYSTEMS AB Old World Bluestems, such as yellow bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum), have been seeded extensively in the Southern Great Plains because they are responsive to nitrogen fertilization and allow for higher stocking rates. From 1991 to 2005, we measured the effects of moderately grazing prairie species and heavily grazing fertilized yellow bluestem on runoff, sediment yield, leaf litter cover, and aboveground plant biomass for four adjacent watersheds located at the USDA-ARS Southern Plains Range Research Station in the sub-humid Rolling Red Plains of western Oklahoma. Here we show that factors other than leaf litter cover and biomass determine variation in runoff when leaf litter exceeds 70%. Runoff was related to grazing rate and storm size and inversely related to storm duration. Rainfall thresholds were similar between the moderately grazed prairie watersheds (15 mm) and the heavily grazed yellow bluestem watersheds (18 mm); however, the slope of the rainfall-runoff curve from heavily grazed yellow bluestem (0.242) was steeper than that of moderately grazed prairie (0.087). Slightly higher runoff from heavily grazed yellow bluestem relative to moderately grazed prairie may occur due to compaction of both the leaf litter and topsoil. Sediment yield was low from moderately grazed native prairie and heavily grazed yellow bluestem. Our findings indicate that both treatments assessed appear hydrologically sustainable. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wine, Michael L.; Zou, Chris B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bradford, James A.; Gunter, Stacey A.] USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Wine, ML (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mwine@nmt.edu RI Zou, Chris/A-5039-2010 OI Zou, Chris/0000-0003-0080-2866 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 450 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2012.05.012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 973GU UT WOS:000306349000031 ER PT J AU White, JW Andrade-Sanchez, P Gore, MA Bronson, KF Coffelt, TA Conley, MM Feldmann, KA French, AN Heun, JT Hunsaker, DJ Jenks, MA Kimball, BA Roth, RL Strand, RJ Thorp, KR Wall, GW Wang, GY AF White, Jeffrey W. Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro Gore, Michael A. Bronson, Kevin F. Coffelt, Terry A. Conley, Matthew M. Feldmann, Kenneth A. French, Andrew N. Heun, John T. Hunsaker, Douglas J. Jenks, Matthew A. Kimball, Bruce A. Roth, Robert L. Strand, Robert J. Thorp, Kelly R. Wall, Gerard W. Wang, Guangyao TI Field-based phenomics for plant genetics research SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Crop improvement; Phenomics; Phenotype; Proximal sensing; Stress tolerance ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE INDEXES; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; WATER-STRESS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; GENOMIC SELECTION; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; IRRIGATED COTTON; DIGITAL CAMERA AB A major challenge for crop research in the 21st century is how to predict crop performance as a function of genetic architecture. Advances in "next generation" DNA sequencing have greatly improved genotyping efficiency and reduced genotyping costs. Methods for characterizing plant traits (phenotypes), however, have much progressed more slowly over the past 30 years, and constraints in phenotyping capability limit our ability to dissect the genetics of quantitative traits, especially those related to harvestable yield and stress tolerance. As a case in point, mapping populations for major crops may consist of 20 or more families, each represented by as many as 200 lines, necessitating field trials with over 20,000 plots at a single location. Investing in the resources and labor needed to quantify even a few agronomic traits for linkage with genetic markers in such massive populations is currently impractical for most breeding programs. Herein, we define key criteria, experimental approaches, equipment and data analysis tools required for robust, high-throughput field-based phenotyping (FBP). The focus is on simultaneous proximal sensing for spectral reflectance, canopy temperature, and plant architecture where a vehicle carrying replicated sets of sensors records data on multiple plots, with the potential to record data throughout the crop life cycle. The potential to assess traits, such as adaptations to water deficits or acute heat stress, several times during a single diurnal cycle is especially valuable for quantifying stress recovery. Simulation modeling and related tools can help estimate physiological traits such as canopy conductance and rooting capacity. Many of the underlying techniques and requisite instruments are available and in use for precision crop management. Further innovations are required to better integrate the functions of multiple instruments and to ensure efficient, robust analysis of the large volumes of data that are anticipated. A complement to the core proximal sensing is high-throughput phenotyping of specific traits such as nutrient status, seed composition, and other biochemical characteristics, as well as underground root architecture. The ability to "ground truth" results with conventional measurements is also necessary. The development of new sensors and imaging systems undoubtedly will continue to improve our ability to phenotype very large experiments or breeding nurseries, with the core FBP abilities achievable through strong interdisciplinary efforts that assemble and adapt existing technologies in novel ways. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Jeffrey W.; Gore, Michael A.; Bronson, Kevin F.; Coffelt, Terry A.; Conley, Matthew M.; French, Andrew N.; Hunsaker, Douglas J.; Jenks, Matthew A.; Kimball, Bruce A.; Strand, Robert J.; Thorp, Kelly R.; Wall, Gerard W.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro; Heun, John T.; Roth, Robert L.; Wang, Guangyao] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Feldmann, Kenneth A.; Wang, Guangyao] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817; Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 99 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 15 U2 218 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 133 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.04.003 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 961VJ UT WOS:000305497300008 ER PT J AU Hung, HY Shannon, LM Tian, F Bradbury, PJ Chen, C Flint-Garcia, SA McMullen, MD Ware, D Buckler, ES Doebley, JF Holland, JB AF Hung, Hsiao-Yi Shannon, Laura M. Tian, Feng Bradbury, Peter J. Chen, Charles Flint-Garcia, Sherry A. McMullen, Michael D. Ware, Doreen Buckler, Edward S. Doebley, John F. Holland, James B. TI ZmCCT and the genetic basis of day-length adaptation underlying the postdomestication spread of maize SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; quantitative trait locus ID ASSOCIATION MAPPING POPULATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; FLOWERING-TIME; PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY; DOMESTICATION; REGULATOR; ARCHITECTURE; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION AB Teosinte, the progenitor of maize, is restricted to tropical environments in Mexico and Central America. The pre-Columbian spread of maize from its center of origin in tropical Southern Mexico to the higher latitudes of the Americas required postdomestication selection for adaptation to longer day lengths. Flowering time of teosinte and tropical maize is delayed under long day lengths, whereas temperate maize evolved a reduced sensitivity to photoperiod. We measured flowering time of the maize nested association and diverse association mapping panels in the field under both short and long day lengths, and of a maize-teosinte mapping population under long day lengths. Flowering time in maize is a complex trait affected by many genes and the environment. Photoperiod response is one component of flowering time involving a subset of flowering time genes whose effects are strongly influenced by day length. Genome-wide association and targeted high-resolution linkage mapping identified ZmCCT, a homologue of the rice photoperiod response regulator Ghd7, as the most important gene affecting photoperiod response in maize. Under long day lengths ZmCCT alleles from diverse teosintes are consistently expressed at higher levels and confer later flowering than temperate maize alleles. Many maize inbred lines, including some adapted to tropical regions, carry ZmCCT alleles with no sensitivity to day length. Indigenous farmers of the Americas were remarkably successful at selecting on genetic variation at key genes affecting the photoperiod response to create maize varieties adapted to vastly diverse environments despite the hindrance of the geographic axis of the Americas and the complex genetic control of flowering time. C1 [Hung, Hsiao-Yi; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Shannon, Laura M.; Doebley, John F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tian, Feng] China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Tian, Feng; Bradbury, Peter J.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Dept Plant Genet & Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bradbury, Peter J.; Ware, Doreen; Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chen, Charles] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry A.; McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry A.; McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Holland, James B.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Biological Infrastructure Grant [0321467]; NSF Integrative Organismal Systems Grant [0820619]; US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Biological Infrastructure Grant 0321467 and NSF Integrative Organismal Systems Grant 0820619, and by the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 42 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 53 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 28 BP E1913 EP E1921 DI 10.1073/pnas.1203189109 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977FP UT WOS:000306642100006 PM 22711828 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO Johnson, D Clay, K AF Reinhart, Kurt O. Johnson, Daniel Clay, Keith TI Conspecific Plant-Soil Feedbacks of Temperate Tree Species in the Southern Appalachians, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SHADE-INTOLERANT TREE; PRUNUS-SEROTINA; TROPICAL TREE; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; DISEASE; MORTALITY; FOREST AB Many tree species have seedling recruitment patterns suggesting that they are affected by non-competitive distance-dependent sources of mortality. We conducted an experiment, with landscape-level replication, to identify cases of negative distance-dependent effects and whether variation in these effects corresponded with tree recruitment patterns in the southern Appalachian Mountains region. Specifically, soil was collected from 14 sites and used as inocula in a 62 day growth chamber experiment determining whether tree seedling growth was less when interacting with soil from conspecific (like) than heterospecific (other) tree species. Tests were performed on six tree species. Three of the tree species had been previously described as having greater recruitment around conspecifics (i.e. facilitator species group) compared to the other half (i.e. inhibitor species group). We were then able to determine whether variation in negative distance-dependent effects corresponded with recruitment patterns in the field. Across the six species, none were negatively affected by soil inocula from conspecific relative to heterospecific sources. Most species (four of six) were unaffected by soil source. Two species (Prunus serotina and Tsuga canadensis) had enhanced growth in pots inoculated with soil from conspecific trees vs. heterospecifics. Species varied in their susceptibility to soil pathogens, but trends across all species revealed that species classified as inhibitors were not more negatively affected by conspecific than heterospecific soil inocula or more susceptible to pathogenic effects than facilitators. Although plant-soil biota interactions may be important for individual species and sites, it may be difficult to scale these interactions over space or levels of ecological organization. Generalizing the importance of plant-soil feedbacks or other factors across regional scales may be especially problematic for hyperdiverse temperate forests where interactions may be spatially variable. C1 [Reinhart, Kurt O.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT USA. [Johnson, Daniel; Clay, Keith] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Reinhart, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT USA. EM kurt.reinhart@ars.usda.gov RI Johnson, Daniel/K-8661-2012; Reinhart, Kurt/A-6730-2010 FU Highlands Biological Station; National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program, a partnership between the National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation helping form a partnership between the National Park Service; Ecological Society of America and the National Park Foundation FX Funding for this work included a grant-in-aid to KOR from Highlands Biological Station and to KOR from the National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program, a partnership between the National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program, funded through a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation helping form a partnership between the National Park Service, the Ecological Society of America and the National Park Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40680 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040680 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 973JD UT WOS:000306355500071 PM 22808231 ER PT J AU Kim, IY Pusey, PL Zhao, YF Korban, SS Choi, H Kim, KK AF Kim, In-Yong Pusey, Paul Lawrence Zhao, Youfu Korban, Schuyler S. Choi, Hyungsoo Kim, Kyekyoon Kevin TI Controlled release of Pantoea agglomerans E325 for biocontrol of fire blight disease of apple SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE Fire blight; Microencapsulation; Biocontrol; Pantoea agglomerans; Erwinia amylovora; Cell release ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; ALGINATE MICROCAPSULES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; STRAIN E325; CELLS; SIZE; ENCAPSULATION; BLOSSOMS; SURVIVAL; MICROENCAPSULATION AB Microencapsulation and controlled release of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 (E325), an antagonist to the bacterial plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora that causes fire blight, a devastating disease of apple and pear, have been investigated. Uniform core-shell alginate microcapsules (AMCs), 60-300 mu m in diameter, were fabricated to encapsulate E325 within the core, along with nutrients, to preserve viability and promote proliferation. Controlled release of E325 was achieved by separately adjusting alginate concentrations in the shell and core solutions, and by modifying the AMC size. Viability of E325 was monitored via fluorescent staining, revealing either lack of or minimal stress during or after encapsulation. Proliferation of E325 within AMCs, followed by their subsequent release, and colonization activities within confines of apple flowers were studied under different encapsulation conditions using rfp-labeled E325 to obtain highly promising results. This study provided a 'proof of concept' of the successful use of a microencapsulated biocontrol agent, E325, against E. amylovora, and could serve as a model for further studies on the development of effective plant disease management strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, In-Yong; Choi, Hyungsoo; Kim, Kyekyoon Kevin] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pusey, Paul Lawrence] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Zhao, Youfu] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Choi, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hyungsoo@illinois.edu; kevinkim@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)-Special Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) [AG 2009-51181-06023] FX We gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)-Special Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) project no. AG 2009-51181-06023 for their support for this work. The technical assistance provided by Felice Cheng, Jong Pil Park, and Hyun Min Kang is also gratefully acknowledged. The optical and fluorescence images were obtained at the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 161 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.028 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 965TL UT WOS:000305790100012 PM 22516094 ER PT J AU Al-Hamdan, OZ Pierson, FB Nearing, MA Williams, CJ Stone, JJ Kormos, PR Boll, J Weltz, MA AF Al-Hamdan, Osama Z. Pierson, Frederick B. Nearing, Mark A. Williams, C. Jason Stone, Jeffry J. Kormos, Patrick R. Boll, Jan Weltz, Mark A. TI Concentrated flow erodibility for physically based erosion models: Temporal variability in disturbed and undisturbed rangelands SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; WATER EROSION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; WESTERN JUNIPER; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; DETACHMENT; RILL; RUNOFF; RESISTANCE; HYDROLOGY AB Current physically based overland flow erosion models for rangeland application do not separate disturbed and undisturbed conditions in modeling concentrated flow erosion. In this study, concentrated flow simulations on disturbed and undisturbed rangelands were used to estimate the erodibility and to evaluate the performance of linear and power law equations that describe the relationship between erosion rate and several hydraulic parameters. None of the hydraulic parameters consistently predicted the detachment capacity well for all sites, however, stream power performed better than most of other hydraulic parameters. Using power law functions did not improve the detachment relation with respect to that of the linear function. Concentrated flow erodibility increased significantly when a site was exposed to a disturbance such as fire or tree encroachment into sagebrush steppe. This study showed that burning increases erosion by amplifying the erosive power of overland flow through removing obstacles and by changing the soil properties affecting erodibility itself. However, the magnitude of fire impact varied among sites due to inherent differences in site characteristics and variability in burn severity. In most cases we observed concentrated flow erodibility had a high value at overland flow initiation and then started to decline with time due to reduction of sediment availability. Thus we developed an empirical function to predict erodibility variation within a runoff event as a function of cumulative unit discharge. Empirical equations were also developed to predict erodibility variation with time postdisturbance as a function of readily available vegetation cover and surface soil texture data. Citation: Al-Hamdan, O. Z., F. B. Pierson, M. A. Nearing, C. J. Williams, J. J. Stone, P. R. Kormos, J. Boll, and M. A. Weltz (2012), Concentrated flow erodibility for physically based erosion models: Temporal variability in disturbed and undisturbed rangelands, Water Resour. Res., 48, W07504, doi:10.1029/2011WR011464. C1 [Al-Hamdan, Osama Z.; Pierson, Frederick B.; Williams, C. Jason] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Al-Hamdan, Osama Z.; Boll, Jan] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Nearing, Mark A.; Stone, Jeffry J.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Kormos, Patrick R.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Weltz, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. RP Al-Hamdan, OZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza IV, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM osama.al-hamdan@ars.usda.gov RI Al-Hamdan, Osama/C-6530-2012; OI Kormos, Patrick/0000-0003-1874-9215; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 FU Natural Resources Conservation Service; Joint Fire Science Program; U.S. Joint Fire Science Program FX The authors wish to thank the Natural Resources Conservation Service for funding of this project as part of the Grazing Lands component of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The authors also wish to express appreciation to the Joint Fire Science Program for funding the field work associated with this project. Portions of the field research were funded by Joint Fire Science Program grants for investigating fire effects on rangeland runoff and erosion processes. Field studies at pinyon and juniper woodland sites in this project are part of the Sagebrush Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. This is contribution 60 of the SageSTEP project. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 7 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W07504 DI 10.1029/2011WR011464 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 077YR UT WOS:000314065800002 ER PT J AU Opriessnig, T Gauger, PC Faaberg, KS Shen, HG Beach, NM Meng, XJ Wang, C Halbur, PG AF Opriessnig, Tanja Gauger, Phillip C. Faaberg, Kay S. Shen, Huigang Beach, Nathan M. Meng, Xiang-Jin Wang, Chong Halbur, Patrick G. TI Effect of porcine circovirus type 2a or 2b on infection kinetics and pathogenicity of two genetically divergent strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the conventional pig model SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coinfection; Interaction; Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2); Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; HETEROCLITE SUBGENOMIC RNAS; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; DUAL INFECTION; PRRSV; PCV2; DISEASE; SWINE; VACCINATION; EMERGENCE AB To determine differences in infection kinetics of two temporally and genetically different type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in vivo with and without concurrent porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2a or 2b infection, 62 pigs were randomly assigned to one of seven groups: negative controls (n = 8); pigs coinfected with a 1992 PRRSV strain (VR-2385) and PCV2a (Col-92-2a; n = 9), pigs coinfected with VR-2385 and PCV2b (Col-92-2b; n = 9), pigs coinfected with a 2006 PRRSV strain (NC16845b) and PCV2a (Col-06-2a; n = 9), pigs coinfected with NC16845b and PCV2b (Col-06-2b; n = 9), pigs infected with VR-2385 (n = 9), and pigs infected with NC16845b (n = 9). Blood samples were collected before inoculation and at day post-inoculation (dpi) 3, 6, 9 and 12 and tested for the presence of PRRSV antibody and RNA, PCV2 antibody and DNA, complete blood counts, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) levels. Regardless of concurrent PCV2 infection, VR-2385 initially replicated at higher levels and reached peak replication levels at dpi 6. Pigs infected with VR-2385 had significantly higher amounts of viral RNA in serum on both dpi 3 and dpi 6, compared to pigs infected with NC16845b. The peak of NC16845b virus replication occurred between dpi 9 and dpi 12 and was associated with a delayed anti-PRRSV antibody response in these pigs. PCV2 coinfection resulted in significantly more severe macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions and a stronger anti-PRRSV IgG response compared to pigs infected with PRRSV alone. This work further emphasizes in vivo replication differences among PRRSV strains and the importance of coinfecting pathogens. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Opriessnig, Tanja; Gauger, Phillip C.; Shen, Huigang; Wang, Chong; Halbur, Patrick G.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Faaberg, Kay S.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Beach, Nathan M.; Meng, Xiang-Jin] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wang, Chong] Iowa State Univ, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. RP Opriessnig, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tanjaopr@iastate.edu RI Beach, Nathan/A-5461-2011; Meng, X.J./B-8769-2009; Opriessnig, Tanja/F-2984-2012; OI Meng, X.J./0000-0002-2739-1334; Opriessnig, Tanja/0000-0001-9642-0904; Wang, Chong/0000-0003-4489-4344 FU Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council FX The authors thank the Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council for funding of this study. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.010 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 964EB UT WOS:000305675400007 PM 22406346 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Shoemaker, CA Martins, ML Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH AF Xu, De-Hai Shoemaker, Craig A. Martins, Mauricio L. Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Enhanced susceptibility of channel catfish to the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri after parasitism by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Susceptibility; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Bacteria loads; qPCR; Parasite-bacterium co-infection ID IN-VITRO; HOST AB Bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri and parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) are two common pathogens of cultured fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to E. ictaluri and determine bacterial loads in different fish organs after parasitism by Id). Fish received the following treatments: (1) infected by I. multifiliis at 5000 theronts/fish and exposed to E. ictaluri; (2) infected by I. multifiliis alone; (3) exposed to E. ictaluri alone; and (4) non-infected control. E. ictaluri in fish organs were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and reported as genome equivalents per mg of tissue (GEs/mg). The results demonstrated that the Ich-parasitized catfish showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher mortality (91.7%) when exposed to E. ictaluri than non-parasitized fish (10%). The bacterial loads in fish infected by 5000 theronts/fish ranged from 6497 to 163,898 GEs/mg which was between 40 and 2000 fold higher than non-parasitized fish (49-141 GEs/mg). Ich infection enhanced the susceptibility of channel catfish to bacterial invasion and increased fish mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xu, De-Hai; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Martins, Mauricio L.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, AQUOS Aquat Organisms Hlth Lab, Dept Aquaculture, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D]; National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS No. 6420-32000-024-00D The authors thank the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for financial support to M.L. Martins. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.007 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 964EB UT WOS:000305675400026 PM 22397934 ER PT J AU Pandelova, I Figueroa, M Wilhelm, LJ Manning, VA Mankaney, AN Mockler, TC Ciuffetti, LM AF Pandelova, Iovanna Figueroa, Melania Wilhelm, Larry J. Manning, Viola A. Mankaney, Aakash N. Mockler, Todd C. Ciuffetti, Lynda M. TI Host-Selective Toxins of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Induce Common Responses Associated with Host Susceptibility SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; TAN SPOT; PTR TOXA; GENE-EXPRESSION; JASMONIC ACID; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CHLOROSIS TOXIN; RESISTANCE GENE; POWDERY MILDEW AB Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), a necrotrophic fungus and the causal agent of tan spot of wheat, produces one or a combination of host-selective toxins (HSTs) necessary for disease development. The two most studied toxins produced by Ptr, Ptr ToxA (ToxA) and Ptr ToxB (ToxB), are proteins that cause necrotic or chlorotic symptoms respectively. Investigation of host responses induced by HSTs provides better insight into the nature of the host susceptibility. Microarray analysis of ToxA has provided evidence that it can elicit responses similar to those associated with defense. In order to evaluate whether there are consistent host responses associated with susceptibility, a similar analysis of ToxB-induced changes in the same sensitive cultivar was conducted. Comparative analysis of ToxA-and ToxB-induced transcriptional changes showed that similar groups of genes encoding WRKY transcription factors, RLKs, PRs, components of the phenylpropanoid and jasmonic acid pathways are activated. ROS accumulation and photosystem dysfunction proved to be common mechanism-of-action for these toxins. Despite similarities in defense responses, transcriptional and biochemical responses as well as symptom development occur more rapidly for ToxA compared to ToxB, which could be explained by differences in perception as well as by differences in activation of a specific process, for example, ethylene biosynthesis in ToxA treatment. Results of this study suggest that perception of HSTs will result in activation of defense responses as part of a susceptible interaction and further supports the hypothesis that necrotrophic fungi exploit defense responses in order to induce cell death. C1 [Pandelova, Iovanna; Figueroa, Melania; Wilhelm, Larry J.; Manning, Viola A.; Mankaney, Aakash N.; Mockler, Todd C.; Ciuffetti, Lynda M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pandelova, Iovanna; Figueroa, Melania; Wilhelm, Larry J.; Manning, Viola A.; Mankaney, Aakash N.; Mockler, Todd C.; Ciuffetti, Lynda M.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Figueroa, Melania] Oregon State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mockler, Todd C.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. RP Pandelova, I (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ciuffetL@science.oregonstate.edu RI Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013 OI Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775 FU National Research Initiative Microbial Biology: Microbial Associations with Plants Program of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2006-55600-16619]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [2010-65108-20548]; SIDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Microbial Biology: Microbial Associations with Plants Program of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES, grant#:2006-55600-16619) and in part by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grant #:2010-65108-20548) from the SIDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 97 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e40240 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040240 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 974UB UT WOS:000306461800055 PM 22792250 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Willett, WC Orav, EJ Lips, P Meunier, PJ Lyons, RA Flicker, L Wark, J Jackson, RD Cauley, JA Meyer, HE Pfeifer, M Sanders, KM Stahelin, HB Theiler, R Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. Willett, Walter C. Orav, Endel J. Lips, Paul Meunier, Pierre J. Lyons, Ronan A. Flicker, Leon Wark, John Jackson, Rebecca D. Cauley, Jane A. Meyer, Haakon E. Pfeifer, Michael Sanders, Kerrie M. Stahelin, Hannes B. Theiler, Robert Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI A Pooled Analysis of Vitamin D Dose Requirements for Fracture Prevention SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; D SUPPLEMENTATION; HIP FRACTURE; ELDERLY-WOMEN; DOUBLE-BLIND; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; OLDER-PEOPLE; RISK AB BACKGROUND The results of meta-analyses examining the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and fracture reduction have been inconsistent. METHODS We pooled participant-level data from 11 double-blind, randomized, controlled trials of oral vitamin D supplementation (daily, weekly, or every 4 months), with or without calcium, as compared with placebo or calcium alone in persons 65 years of age or older. Primary end points were the incidence of hip and any nonvertebral fractures according to Cox regression analyses, with adjustment for age group, sex, type of dwelling, and study. Our primary aim was to compare data from quartiles of actual intake of vitamin D (including each individual participant's adherence to the treatment and supplement use outside the study protocol) in the treatment groups of all trials with data from the control groups. RESULTS We included 31,022 persons (mean age, 76 years; 91% women) with 1111 incident hip fractures and 3770 nonvertebral fractures. Participants who were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D, as compared with those assigned to control groups, had a nonsignificant 10% reduction in the risk of hip fracture (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.01) and a 7% reduction in the risk of nonvertebral fracture (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.99). By quartiles of actual intake, reduction in the risk of fracture was shown only at the highest intake level (median, 800 IU daily; range, 792 to 2000), with a 30% reduction in the risk of hip fracture (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.86) and a 14% reduction in the risk of any nonvertebral fracture (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.96). Benefits at the highest level of vitamin D intake were fairly consistent across subgroups defined by age group, type of dwelling, baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and additional calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS High-dose vitamin D supplementation (>= 800 IU daily) was somewhat favorable in the prevention of hip fracture and any nonvertebral fracture in persons 65 years of age or older. (Funded by the Swiss National Foundations and others.) C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Waid City Hosp, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Theiler, Robert] City Hosp Triemli, Dept Rheumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Stahelin, Hannes B.] Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Geriatr, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. [Willett, Walter C.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Orav, Endel J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lips, Paul] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med & Endocrinol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lips, Paul] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Meunier, Pierre J.] Claude Bernard Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. [Lyons, Ronan A.] Swansea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Flicker, Leon] Univ Western Australia, Western Australian Ctr Hlth & Ageing, Crawley, Australia. [Wark, John] Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Bone & Mineral Serv, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. [Sanders, Kerrie M.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Clin & Biomed Sci, Barwon Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Jackson, Rebecca D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, Rebecca D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, Rebecca D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Diabet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, Rebecca D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Metab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cauley, Jane A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Meyer, Haakon E.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Meyer, Haakon E.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. [Pfeifer, Michael] Inst Clin Osteol & German Osteol Fdn, Bad Pyrmont, Germany. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Lyons, Ronan/G-7741-2012; Sanders, Kerrie/E-9033-2015; OI Lyons, Ronan/0000-0001-5225-000X; Sanders, Kerrie/0000-0002-2718-6592; Cauley, Jane A/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU Swiss National Foundations [PP00B-114864]; European Commission [DO-HEALTH-278588]; DSM Nutritional Products FX Supported by a professorship grant (PP00B-114864) from the Swiss National Foundations, a grant (DO-HEALTH-278588) from the European Commission Framework 7 Program, and DSM Nutritional Products. NR 30 TC 279 Z9 283 U1 4 U2 48 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 5 PY 2012 VL 367 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1109617 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 968KJ UT WOS:000305979400004 PM 22762317 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Bregitzer, P Liu, KS Hicks, KB AF Moreau, Robert A. Bregitzer, Phil Liu, KeShun Hicks, Kevin B. TI Compositional Equivalence of Barleys Differing Only in Low- and Normal-Phytate Levels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Barley; barley oil; phytate; phytic acid; tocopherols; tocotrienols; beta-glucan; Hordeum vulgare ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PHYTIC-ACID; HULLESS BARLEY; FUNCTIONAL LIPIDS; SEED PHOSPHORUS; BETA-GLUCAN; FRACTIONS; SCARIFICATION; REGISTRATION; PROTEIN AB Recent breeding advances have led to the development of several barley lines and cultivars with significant reductions (50% or greater) in phytate levels. Low-phytate (LP) grain is distinguished by containing not only a reduced level of phytate P but also an increased level of inorganic P, resulting in greater bioavailability of P and mineral cations in animal diets. It is important to determine whether other nutritional characteristics are altered by breeding for the low-phytate trait. This study was designed to investigate if breeding for reduced phytate content in barleys had any effect on the contents of other attributes measured by comparing mean and range values of the levels of protein, oil, ash, total carbohydrate, starch, and beta-glucan, fatty acid composition, and levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols between five LP and five normal-phytate barleys grown in three Idaho locations. Results show that only the phytate level in the LP group was substantially lower than that of the normal-phytate group and that all other attributes measured or calculated were substantially equivalent between the two groups of barleys. Therefore, the phytate level had little effect on the levels of protein, oil, ash, total carbohydrate, starch, and beta-glucan, fatty acid composition, and levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols in barley seeds. C1 [Moreau, Robert A.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Bregitzer, Phil; Liu, KeShun] ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplam Res Facil, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 4 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 26 BP 6493 EP 6498 DI 10.1021/jf301457k PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 966UV UT WOS:000305863800005 PM 22681545 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Morris, B Tonnis, B Davis, J Pederson, GA AF Wang, Ming Li Morris, Brad Tonnis, Brandon Davis, Jerry Pederson, Gary A. TI Assessment of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition Variability in Two Economically Important Hibiscus Species SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hibiscus germplasm; H. cannabinus; H. sabdariffa; variability; oil content; fatty acid composition; unusual fatty acid; seed oil utilization; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); gas chromatography (GC) ID SEED OIL; DIHYDROSTERCULIC ACID; L.; LIPIDS; NMR AB The Hibiscus genus encompasses more than 300 species, but kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are the two most economically important species within the genus. Seeds from these two Hibiscus species contain a relatively high amount of oil with two unusual fatty acids: dihydrosterculic and vernolic acids. The fatty acid composition in the oil can directly affect oil quality and its utilization. However, the variability in oil content and fatty acid composition for these two species is unclear. For these two species, 329 available accessions were acquired from the USDA germplasm collection. Their oil content and fatty acid composition were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Using NMR and GC analyses, we found that Hibiscus seeds on average contained 18% oil and seed oil was composed of six major fatty acids (each >1%) and seven minor fatty acids (each <1%). Hibiscus cannabinus seeds contained significantly higher amounts of oil (18.14%), palmitic (20.75%), oleic (28.91%), vernolic acids (VA, 4.16%), and significantly lower amounts of stearic (3.96%), linoleic (39.49%), and dihydrosterculic acids (DHSA, 1.08%) than H. sabdariffa seeds (17.35%, 18.52%, 25.16%, 3.52%, 4.31%, 44.72%, and 1.57%, respectively). For edible oils, a higher oleic/linoleic (O/L) ratio and lower level of DHSA are preferred, and for industrial oils a high level of VA is preferred. Our results indicate that seeds from H. cannabinus may be of higher quality than H. sabdariffa seeds for these reasons. Significant variability in oil content and major fatty acids was also detected within both species. The variability in oil content and fatty acid composition revealed from this study will be useful for exploring seed utilization and developing new cultivars in these Hibiscus species. C1 [Wang, Ming Li; Morris, Brad; Tonnis, Brandon; Pederson, Gary A.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Davis, Jerry] Univ Georgia, Dept Expt Stat, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 4 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 26 BP 6620 EP 6626 DI 10.1021/jf301654y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 966UV UT WOS:000305863800019 PM 22703121 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Ebel, ED AF Williams, Michael S. Ebel, Eric D. TI Methods for fitting a parametric probability distribution to most probable number data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Risk assessment; Concentration distribution; OpenBUGS; WinBUGS; R ID MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION DATA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MICROBIAL DENSITIES; POPULATION; SALMONELLA; WINBUGS AB Every year hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of samples are collected and analyzed to assess microbial contamination in food and water. The concentration of pathogenic organisms at the end of the production process is low for most commodities, so a highly sensitive screening test is used to determine whether the organism of interest is present in a sample. In some applications, samples that test positive are subjected to quantitation. The most probable number (MPN) technique is a common method to quantify the level of contamination in a sample because it is able to provide estimates at low concentrations. This technique uses a series of dilution count experiments to derive estimates of the concentration of the microorganism of interest. An application for these data is food-safety risk assessment, where the MPN concentration estimates can be fitted to a parametric distribution to summarize the range of potential exposures to the contaminant. Many different methods (e.g., substitution methods, maximum likelihood and regression on order statistics) have been proposed to fit microbial contamination data to a distribution, but the development of these methods rarely considers how the MPN technique influences the choice of distribution function and fitting method. An often overlooked aspect when applying these methods is whether the data represent actual measurements of the average concentration of microorganism per milliliter or the data are real-valued estimates of the average concentration, as is the case with MPN data. In this study, we propose two methods for fitting MPN data to a probability distribution. The first method uses a maximum likelihood estimator that takes average concentration values as the data inputs. The second is a Bayesian latent variable method that uses the counts of the number of positive tubes at each dilution to estimate the parameters of the contamination distribution. The performance of the two fitting methods is compared for two data sets that represent Salmonella and Campylobacter concentrations on chicken carcasses. The results demonstrate a bias in the maximum likelihood estimator that increases with reductions in average concentration. The Bayesian method provided unbiased estimates of the concentration distribution parameters for all data sets. We provide computer code for the Bayesian fitting method. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Michael S.; Ebel, Eric D.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUL 2 PY 2012 VL 157 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.014 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 987QR UT WOS:000307432700019 PM 22658686 ER PT J AU Hoelzer, K Pouillot, R Gallagher, D Silverman, MB Kause, J Dennis, S AF Hoelzer, Karin Pouillot, Regis Gallagher, Daniel Silverman, Meryl B. Kause, Janell Dennis, Sherri TI Estimation of Listeria monocytogenes transfer coefficients and efficacy of bacterial removal through cleaning and sanitation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE L. monocytogenes; Transfer coefficient; Food slicing; Sanitization; Mathematical model ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; MICROBIAL CROSS-CONTAMINATION; QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; STAINLESS-STEEL; MODELING TRANSFER; COMMERCIAL DISINFECTANTS; CAMPYLOBACTER TRANSFER; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INACTIVATION KINETICS AB Listeria monocytogenes is readily found in the environment of retail deli establishments and can occasionally contaminate food handled in these establishments. Here we synthesize the available scientific evidence to derive probability distributions and mathematical models of bacterial transfers between environmental surfaces and foods, including those during slicing of food, and of bacterial removal during cleaning and sanitizing (models available at www.foodrisk.org). Transfer coefficients varied considerably by surface type, and after log(10) transformation were best described by normal distributions with means ranging from -0.29 to -4.96 and standard deviations that ranged from 0.07 to 1.39. 'Transfer coefficients' during slicing were best described by a truncated logistic distribution with location 0.07 and scale 0.03. In the absence of protein residues, mean log inactivation indicated a greater than 5 logic, reduction for sanitization with hypochlorite (mean: 6.5 log(10); 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0-8.1 log(10)) and quaternary ammonium compounds (mean: 5.5 log(10); 95% CI: 3.6-7.3 log(10)), but in the presence of protein residues efficacy reduced dramatically for hypochlorite (mean: 3.8 log(10); 95% CI: 2.1-5.4 log(10)) as well as quaternary ammonium compounds (mean: 4.4log(10); 95% Cl: 2.5-6.4 log(10)). Overall, transfer coefficients are therefore low, even though cross-contamination can be extremely efficient under certain conditions. Dozens of food items may consequently be contaminated from a single contaminated slicer blade, albeit at low concentrations. Correctly performed sanitizing efficiently reduces L monocytogenes contamination in the environment and therefore limits cross-contamination, even though sanitization is only performed a few times per day. However, under unfavorable conditions reductions in bacterial concentration may be far below 5 log(10). The probability distributions and mathematical models derived here can be used to evaluate L monocytogenes cross-contamination dynamics in environments where foods are handled, and to assess the potential impact of different intervention strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoelzer, Karin; Pouillot, Regis; Dennis, Sherri] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Gallagher, Daniel] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Silverman, Meryl B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kause, Janell] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20228 USA. RP Hoelzer, K (reprint author), US FDA, Risk Assessment Coordinat Team, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr HFS 005, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,Room 2A-031, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Karin.Hoelzer@fda.hhs.gov RI Pouillot, Regis/E-8103-2010 OI Pouillot, Regis/0000-0002-6107-5212 FU Virginia Tech; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) [AG-3A94-P-08-0166]; US Department of Energy; U.S. Food and Drug Administration FX This work was supported in part by appointments to the Research Participation Program at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Support for this work was also provided by Virginia Tech in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS contract # AG-3A94-P-08-0166). NR 74 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUL 2 PY 2012 VL 157 IS 2 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.019 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 987QR UT WOS:000307432700021 PM 22704063 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA LaFrentz, BR Klesius, PH AF Shoemaker, Craig A. LaFrentz, Benjamin R. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Bivalent vaccination of sex reversed hybrid tilapia against Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio vulnificus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Tilapia; Bivalent vaccine; Streptococcus iniae; Vibrio vulnificus; Antibody ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS L.; SALMO-SALAR L; NILE TILAPIA; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; RAINBOW-TROUT; EDWARDSIELLA-TARDA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY AB Streptococcus iniae, a Gram-positive bacterium, and Vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium, have been associated with severe disease impacting tilapia aquaculture. Recent reports suggest that both bacteria have been associated independently and concomitantly with disease on commercial farms. Monovalent vaccines have been developed for disease control; however, the most effective delivery strategy has been via intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Due to handling stress and the cost associated with injecting each fish, a better strategy is to combine the monovalent vaccines into bivalent formulations. The objective of the present study was to test the ability of a killed bivalent S. iniae and V. vulnificus vaccine delivered by IP injection at protecting sex reversed hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus) against challenge with each bacterium, independently. In two independent trials, vaccination of tilapia with the bivalent vaccine conferred protective immunity against V. vulnificus and S. iniae as demonstrated by significant differences (P < 0.05) in survival curves between the sham-vaccinated and vaccinated groups. Relative percent survival values ranged from 79 to 89% for V. vulnificus and 69 to 100% for S. iniae following challenge of bivalent vaccinated fish. Use of this bivalent formulation may be a cost-effective strategy to reduce losses in tilapia co-infected with these two important bacterial pathogens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shoemaker, Craig A.; LaFrentz, Benjamin R.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM craig.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX The authors acknowledge the technical support of Paige Mumma, Alberta Pink and Ning Qin. We also thank Dr. Natha Booth for the critical review of the manuscript prior to submission. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project no. 6420-32000-024-00D (Integrated Aquatic Animal Health Strategies). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 2 PY 2012 VL 354 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.033 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 952AV UT WOS:000304763000008 ER PT J AU Cunha, RC de Leon, AAP Leite, FPL Pinto, LDS dos Santos, AG Andreotti, R AF Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero Perez de Leon, Adalberto Angel Leivas Leite, Fabio Pereira Pinto, Luciano da Silva dos Santos Junior, Alceu Goncalves Andreotti, Renato TI Bovine immunoprotection against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with recombinant Bm86-Campo Grande antigen SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA LA English DT Article DE Tick; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; anti-tick vaccine; recombinant Bm86; Pichia pastoris ID CATTLE TICK; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; PICHIA-PASTORIS; PROTEIN BM86; VACCINE; EXPRESSION; GAVAC(TM); LOCALIZATION; IMMUNIZATION; INFESTATIONS AB The southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is no doubt the most economically important ectoparasite of cattle globally. The inappropriate use of chemical acaricides has driven the evolution of resistance in populations of R. (B.) microplus. Anti-tick vaccines represent a technology that can be combined with acaricides in integrated control programs to mitigate the impact of R. (B.) microplus. The recombinant form of Bm86 antigen from the Campo Grande (rBm86-CG) strain of R. (B.) microplus was produced using the Pichia pastoris expression system to test its ability to immunoprotect cattle against tick infestation. Secretion of rBm86-CG by P. pastoris through the bioprocess reported here simplified purification of the antigen. A specific humoral immune response was detected by ELISA in vaccinated cattle. Immunoblot results revealed that polyclonal antibodies from vaccinated cattle recognized a protein in larval extracts with a molecular weight corresponding to Bm86. The rBm86-CG antigen showed 31% efficacy against the Campo Grande strain of R. (B.) microplus infesting vaccinated cattle. The rBm86-CG is an antigen that could be used in a polyvalent vaccine as part of an integrated program for the control of R. (B.) microplus in the region that includes Mato Grosso do Sul. C1 [Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero; Andreotti, Renato] Embrapa Gado Corte, Lab Sanidade Anim, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Perez de Leon, Adalberto Angel] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. [Leivas Leite, Fabio Pereira; Pinto, Luciano da Silva] Univ Fed Pelotas UFPel, Inst Biol, Programa Posgrad Biotecnol, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. [dos Santos Junior, Alceu Goncalves] Univ Fed Pelotas UFPel, Fac Med Vet, Ctr Bioteconol CENBIOT, Programa Posgrad Vet,Reitoria,Proreitoria Pesquis, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. RP Andreotti, R (reprint author), Embrapa Gado Corte, BR 262,Km 4,CP 154, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. EM andreott@cnpgc.embrapa.br FU Embrapa Beef Cattle; CNPq; Fundect; USDA-ARS [6205-32000-031-00D] FX This project was funded by Embrapa Beef Cattle, CNPq and Fundect. Adalberto A. Perez de Leon is supported in part through appropriated USDA-ARS project no. 6205-32000-031-00D. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU BRAZILIAN COLL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY PI SAO PAULO PA C/O ASSISTANT EDITOR AV PROF LINEU PRESTES, 1374, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, CEP 05508-900, SAO PAULO, 00000, BRAZIL SN 1984-2961 J9 REV BRAS PARASITOL V JI Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 254 EP 262 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 134ZH UT WOS:000318255300014 PM 23070436 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Ro, KS Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Smith, MC Hunt, PG AF Cantrell, K. B. Ro, K. S. Szoegi, A. A. Vanotti, M. B. Smith, M. C. Hunt, P. G. TI Green farming systems for the Southeast USA using manure-to-energy conversion platforms SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; POULTRY LITTER; FAST PYROLYSIS; THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; SWINE MANURE; TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; RENEWABLE ENERGY; WASTE TREATMENT; WATER-QUALITY; BIOMASS AB In the southeastern USA, livestock operations face issues with both manure management and energy. Both issues can be advanced by implementing holistic solutions to manure treatment that involve (1) resourceful energy management and (2) green farming systems. In such systems, current and emerging waste-to-energy conversion platforms can contribute to renewable energy solutions, improved crop yields, and sustained natural resources. System-component technologies can manage both wet and dry manures to provide recycled nutrients to crops while minimizing air and water quality impacts. Relative to energy, anaerobic digestion (AD) is the prevalent biochemical platform. It is a mature technology that readily processes wet manure, and it is used on many levels of sophistication throughout the globe. Thermochemical conversion (TCC) processes with smaller physical footprints are versatile, capable of handling wet and dry feedstocks to yield multiple byproducts. They need (1) manure feedstock conditioning to lessen the effects of salts, metals, and sulfur and (2) heat recovery for energy conservation. Additionally, with appropriate downstream processing, the TCC gases and bio-oils can aid in farm energy management to include liquid fuel. The TCC processes also produce a reasonably transportable, nutrient-dense biochar. While AD provides a digestate suitable for land application, wastewaters within these systems can also be treated at different stages with solids-separation and nitrogen-phosphorous recovery technologies. This cleaner effluent offers more options for its use in meeting crop water needs via irrigation. Thus, through holistic thinking coupled with dynamic agribusiness, there are significant opportunities for future livestock farming systems to improve the sustainability of natural resources including energy. [doi:10.1063/1.3663846] C1 [Cantrell, K. B.; Ro, K. S.; Szoegi, A. A.; Vanotti, M. B.; Hunt, P. G.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Smith, M. C.] ARS, USDA, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 61 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1941-7012 J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 AR 041401 DI 10.1063/1.3663846 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 079EM UT WOS:000314153200003 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, James H. TI Dung Pat Nesting by the Solitary Bee, Osmia (Acanthosmioides) integra (Megachilidae: Apiformes) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; nesting; manure; Hymenoptera ID HYMENOPTERA C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 BP 262 EP 264 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063BL UT WOS:000312970700010 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Fulgoni, VL Clemens, RA Schmidt, DB Freedman, MR AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Fulgoni, Victor L., III Clemens, Roger A. Schmidt, David B. Freedman, Marjorie R. TI Is "Processed" a Four-Letter Word? The Role of Processed Foods in Achieving Dietary Guidelines and Nutrient Recommendations SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; FUNCTIONAL FOODS; FIBER; TECHNOLOGY; AMERICANS; PRODUCTS; SATIETY; WEIGHT; CEREAL AB This paper, based on the symposium "Is 'Processed' a Four-Letter Word? The Role of Processed Foods in Achieving Dietary Guidelines and Nutrient Recommendations in the U.S." describes ongoing efforts and challenges at the nutrition food science interface and public health; addresses misinformation about processed foods by showing that processed fruits and vegetables made important dietary contributions (e.g., fiber, folate, potassium, vitamins A and C) to nutrient intake among NHANES 2003-2006 participants, that major sources of vitamins (except vitamin K) were provided by enrichment and fortification and that enrichment and fortification helped decrease the percentage of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A, thiamin, folate, and iron; describes how negative consumer perceptions and consumer confusion about processed foods led to the development of science-based information on food processing and technology that aligns with health objectives; and examines challenges and opportunities faced by food scientists who must balance consumer preferences, federal regulations, and issues surrounding food safety, cost, unintended consequences, and sustainability when developing healthful foods that align with dietary guidelines. Adv. Nutt.. 3: 536-548, 2012. C1 [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. [Clemens, Roger A.] ET Horn, La Mirada, CA USA. [Schmidt, David B.] Int Food Informat Council, Washington, DC USA. [Freedman, Marjorie R.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Packaging, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Freedman, MR (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Packaging, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM Marjorie.freedman@sjsu.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 100 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 536 EP 548 DI 10.3945/an.111.000901 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LJ UT WOS:000313222000008 PM 22797990 ER PT J AU Rutkoski, J Benson, J Jia, Y Brown-Guedira, G Jannink, JL Sorrells, M AF Rutkoski, Jessica Benson, Jared Jia, Yi Brown-Guedira, Gina Jannink, Jean-Luc Sorrells, Mark TI Evaluation of Genomic Prediction Methods for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATION; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SPRING WHEAT; RIDGE-REGRESSION; FUNGAL SPREAD; GENETIC VALUE; QTL ANALYSIS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is quantitative and difficult to evaluate. Genomic selection (GS) could accelerate FHB resistance breeding. We used U. S. cooperative FHB wheat nursery data to evaluate GS models for several FHB resistance traits including deoxynivalenol (DON) levels. For all traits we compared the models: ridge regression (RR), Bayesian LASSO (BL), reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) regression, random forest (RF) regression, and multiple linear regression (MLR) (fixed effects). For DON, we evaluated additional prediction methods including bivariate RR models, phenotypes for correlated traits, and RF regression models combining markers and correlated phenotypes as predictors. Additionally, for all traits, we compared different marker sets including genomewide markers, FHB quantitative trait loci (QTL) targeted markers, and both sets combined. Genomic selection accuracies were always higher than MLR accuracies, RF and RKHS regression were often the most accurate methods, and for DON, marker plus trait RF regression was more accurate than all other methods. For all traits except DON, using QTL targeted markers alone led to lower accuracies than using genomewide markers. This study indicates that cooperative FHB nursery data can be useful for GS, and prior information about correlated traits and QTL could be used to improve accuracies in some cases. C1 [Rutkoski, Jessica; Jia, Yi; Sorrells, Mark] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Benson, Jared] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brown-Guedira, Gina] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sorrells, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu OI Rutkoski, Jessica/0000-0001-8435-4049 FU USDA-NIFA-AFRI [2009-65300-05661, 2011-68002-30029, 2005-05130]; Hatch project [149-449]; USDA National Needs Fellowship [2008-38420-04755] FX This research was supported in part by USDA-NIFA-AFRI grants, award numbers 2009-65300-05661, 2011-68002-30029, and 2005-05130, and by Hatch project 149-449. In addition, partial support for J. Rutkoski was provided by a USDA National Needs Fellowship Grant #2008-38420-04755. NR 65 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 44 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2012.02.0001 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VI UT WOS:000312662500002 ER PT J AU Benson, J Brown-Guedira, G Murphy, JP Sneller, C AF Benson, Jared Brown-Guedira, Gina Murphy, J. Paul Sneller, Clay TI Population Structure, Linkage Disequilibrium, and Genetic Diversity in Soft Winter Wheat Enriched for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS; GENOME; QTL; CULTIVARS; COEFFICIENTS; GERMPLASM; PARENTAGE; SELECTION; PATTERNS AB The occurrence of epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, in U. S. winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the past two decades led to significant emphasis on development of resistant cultivars. Understanding the genetic diversity, population structure (PS), and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in winter wheat in the eastern United States is important for marker-assisted breeding and association analysis in this germplasm. Lines selected from collaborative FHB screening nurseries were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence tagged site (STS), and Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers to assess LD, genetic diversity, and PS. The genomewide average of LD decay to r(2) < 0.2 was 9.9 cM and moderate levels of LD (r(2) > 0.2) were generally constrained to markers less than 5 cM apart. Although the lines evaluated were targeted to distinct production zones of the eastern winter wheat region, cluster and principal component analyses did not detect separation of lines into subpopulations. The short, intense breeding history for scab resistance may have localized effects on LD. Lack of subgroups within our population could be due to intercrossing among common resistant parents and indicate frequent admixture and germplasm exchange among U. S. winter wheat programs focused on development of FHB resistant cultivars. C1 [Brown-Guedira, Gina] USDA ARS, SAA Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Benson, Jared; Murphy, J. Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sneller, Clay] Ohio State Univ, Dep Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gina.Brown-Guedira@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.11.0027 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VI UT WOS:000312662500004 ER PT J AU Blake, VC Kling, JG Hayes, PM Jannink, JL Jillella, SR Lee, J Matthews, DE Chao, S Close, TJ Muehlbauer, GJ Smith, KP Wise, RP Dickerson, JA AF Blake, Victoria C. Kling, Jennifer G. Hayes, Patrick M. Jannink, Jean-Luc Jillella, Suman R. Lee, John Matthews, David E. Chao, Shiaoman Close, Timothy J. Muehlbauer, Gary J. Smith, Kevin P. Wise, Roger P. Dickerson, Julie A. TI The Hordeum Toolbox: The Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project Genotype and Phenotype Resource SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; POPULATION-SIZE; PLANT-PATHOGENS; STRIPE RUST; DATABASE; GERMPLASM; RESISTANCE; COMMUNITY; SOFTWARE; QTL AB The use of DNA markers in public sector plant breeding is now the norm. Such markers are common across breeding programs and this commonality enables and enhances collaboration. Therefore, large collaborative research projects that measure several phenotypes across multiple environments coupled with the expanding amount of genotype data attainable with current marker technologies are on the rise and these projects demand efficient data delivery. However, development of computational tools for advanced data integration, visualization, and analysis is still a bottleneck, even though these resources have the greatest potential impact for users who are extracting and developing hypothesis-based solutions. The Hordeum Toolbox (THT) was developed as a data resource for the Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) with the novel capability of constructing user-defined downloadable sets of phenotype and/or genotype data for downstream analysis. Internal tools in THT enable users to create clusters of a selected group of lines based on genotype data, parse pedigrees, and select germplasm based on haplotype, phenotype, and agronomic properties. The Hordeum Toolbox can be adapted to breeding programs or collaborations to assist researchers in germplasm selection, genotype data visualization, and the integration of complex data sets for statistical analysis. C1 [Blake, Victoria C.; Lee, John] USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kling, Jennifer G.; Hayes, Patrick M.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] USDA REE ARS NAA, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jillella, Suman R.] Iowa State Univ, Virtual Real Applicat Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Matthews, David E.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS BRL, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Close, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.; Smith, Kevin P.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Crop & Insects Genet Genom & Informat Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dickerson, Julie A.] Iowa State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dep, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Blake, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM victoria.blake@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722]; USDA-NIFA [2009-85606-05701]; USDA-ARS [5325-21000-014-00]; "Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project (TCAP)" USDA-NIFA [2011-68002-30029] FX The authors thank the outstanding contributions by Iowa State University undergraduate students who helped create the THT interface soft ware: Gavin Monroe, Ethan Wilder, and Yong Huang. This research was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No. 2006-55606-16722 and USDA-NIFA Grant No. 2009-85606-05701, "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement." Maintenance and further development of THT by GrainGenes is supported by USDA-ARS project 5325-21000-014-00, "An Integrated Database and Bioinformatics Resource for Small Grains." This publication was supported by funds received from the "Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project (TCAP)" USDA-NIFA Grant no. 2011-68002-30029. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Upon request, all novel materials described in this publication will be made available in a timely manner for noncommercial research purposes, subject to the requisite permission from any third-party owners of all or parts of the material. Obtaining any permissions will be the responsibility of the requestor. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2012.03.0002 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VI UT WOS:000312662500005 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL Hay-Roe, M AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. Meagher, Robert L. Hay-Roe, Mirian TI Inferring the annual migration patterns of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the United States from mitochondrial haplotypes SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Migration; molecular haplotypes; Spodoptera frugiperda ID CORN-STRAIN POPULATIONS; PUERTO-RICO; FLORIDA; TEXAS; PHEROMONE; BRAZIL AB Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) or fall armyworm is an important agricultural pest of a number of crops in the western hemisphere. In the United States, infestations in corn acreages extend from the Mexican to the Canadian border. Because fall armyworm does not survive prolonged freezing, the infestations annually affecting most of North America are migrants from southern Texas and Florida, where winter temperatures are mild and host plants are available. A haplotype method was developed that can distinguish between these two geographically distant overwintering populations, with the potential to delineate the associated migratory pathways. Several years of collections from major corn-producing areas in the southern, central, and eastern United States were used to map the geographical distribution of the fall armyworm haplotypes. From these haplotype profiles, it was possible to develop the most detailed description yet of the annual northward movements of fall armyworm. The consistency of these results with past studies and the implications on our understanding of fall armyworm biology are discussed. A better understanding of fall armyworm populations and their movement is critical for the development of strategies to predict infestation levels and eventually control this pest in the United States. C1 [Nagoshi, Rodney N.; Meagher, Robert L.; Hay-Roe, Mirian] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30209] FX This material is based upon [work] supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2011-67003-30209. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1458 EP 1467 DI 10.1002/ece3.268 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055WK UT WOS:000312448400012 PM 22957154 ER PT J AU Dudley, TL Bean, DW Pattison, RR Caires, A AF Dudley, T. L. Bean, D. W. Pattison, R. R. Caires, A. TI Selectivity of a biological control agent, Diorhabda carinulata Desbrochers, 1870 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for host species within the genus Tamarix Linneaus, 1753 SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; biological control; plant-herbivore interactions; host specialization; Tamarix; Diorhabda ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LEAF BEETLE; BIOCONTROL AGENT; NATIVE FRANKENIA; FIELD ASSESSMENT; NONTARGET PLANT; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; DAY LENGTH AB Initial field releases of the saltcedar leaf beetle. Diorhabda carinulata Desbrochers, 1870 (Chrysomelidae), against saltcedars, Tamarix Linneaus, 1753 (Tamaricaceae) in North America were unsuccessful at sites where the target taxon was T. parviflora de Condolle, 1828 as opposed to the more widespread T ramosissima Ledebour, 1829 and related forms. A series of field and greenhouse studies was conducted to determine the basis for these failures. Generally, IT parviflora was a suitable host for larval and adult development. Larval growth was not significantly affected by host species although developmental rate was slightly slower when fed T. parviflora vs. T ramossisima; nitrogen enrichment had greater influence on growth than did host identity. Insect feeding impact to T ramossisima outplanted to the field was initially three times greater than to matched T parviflora plants, apparently as a consequence of adult oviposition preference. Subsequent larval migration from defoliated to green plants resulted in roughly equivalent defoliation of both hosts. Where the two Tamarix species co-occurred in northern Nevada, the 'preference' for T. ramossisima was apparent because it was consistently more heavily colonized, and utilization of T parviflora declined as insect densities diminished. These results, and the lack of alternative explanations for establishment failures at T parviflora sites (predation, developmental constraints, climate conditions), lead to the conclusion that such failures are based on host specificity as a consequence of adult behavioral avoidance of T parviflora. They also suggest that risks to non-target plants both within the genus Tamarix (e.g., T aphylla (Linneaus) Karsten, 1882) and in a related family (Frankeniaceae: Frankenia spp.) are low and should not delay program implementation. C1 [Dudley, T. L.; Pattison, R. R.; Caires, A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Dudley, T. L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bean, D. W.] Palisade Insectary, Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade, CO USA. [Pattison, R. R.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Dudley, TL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection [STDP R4-2004-01]; USDA National Research Initiative [2006-35302] FX Access to the field sites and logistical support were generously provided by the Brinkerhoff Ranch, Silver State Hunt Club and the Walker River Paiute Tribe. We thank Nina Louden, Clint Davis, Maria Kernacker, Jazbeen Ahmed and Camille Kirk for field assistance, and the staff of the USDA/ARS Exotic and Invasive Weed Research Unit in Reno, Nevada. Helpful comments on this manuscript were provided by Li Baoping, Lindsay Milbrath, Tim Seastadt and Joseph Milan. Voucher insect material is archived at the Colorado Department of Agriculture Insectary, Palisade, Colorado, and at the USDA Agricultural Research Service laboratory in Temple, Texas. This work was supported, in part, by grants from USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection (#STDP R4-2004-01) and USDA National Research Initiative (#2006-35302). NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 319 EP 341 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 053NA UT WOS:000312278500006 ER PT J AU Zahniser, JN McKamey, SH Dmitriev, DA AF Zahniser, J. N. McKamey, S. H. Dmitriev, D. A. TI Nomenclatural changes and notes in the Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Membracoidea; homonym; synonym; nomen novum; nomen protectum; nomen oblitum; new name; Drabescus; Osbornellus ID GENUS; LEAFHOPPERS; NAMES AB Nomenclatural changes and clarifications are provided for names in the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae. The replacement names Cicadula vilbastei nom. nov., Eutettix harlani nom. nov.. Macrosteles raoi nom. nov., Maiestas chalami nom. nov., Maiestas viraktamathi nom. nov., Opsius emeljanovi nom. nov.. Paradorydium naudei nom. nov., Penthimia alba nom. nov., Penthimia evansi nom. nov., and Peuthimia walker nom. nov. are given for species-group homonyms. Four new synonyms are recognized for previous replacement names that are no longer valid. The status of Acinopterus angulatus Lawson nomen protectum is discussed. Paramacrosteles Dai, Li & Chen status reinstated is reinstated as valid on taxonomic grounds. Priority is clarified for two species of Deltocephalinae, five new combinations in Balclutha Kirkaldy are given, and two original spellings are fixed. C1 [Zahniser, J. N.; Dmitriev, D. A.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [McKamey, S. H.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zahniser, JN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM zahniser@illinois.edu; stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov; dmitriev@inhs.illinois.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 EI 2162-0237 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 356 EP 364 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 053NA UT WOS:000312278500009 ER PT J AU Rehman, HM Rana, IA Ijaz, S Mustafa, G Joyia, FA Khan, IA Pijut, PM AF Rehman, Hafiz Mamoon Rana, Iqrar Ahmad Ijaz, Siddra Mustafa, Ghulam Joyia, Faiz Ahmad Khan, Iqrar Ahmad Pijut, Paula M. TI In vitro Regeneration of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and the Potential for Genetic Transformation SO NOTULAE BOTANICAE HORTI AGROBOTANICI CLUJ-NAPOCA LA English DT Article DE Dalbergia sissoo; genetic transformation; in vitro regeneration; Sissoo ID MEDIATED DNA DELIVERY; YIELDING LEGUMINOUS TREE; PLANT-REGENERATION; SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; SCUTELLAR TISSUE; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; MATURE TREES; EXPRESSION; GUS AB Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (Sissoo) is a native forest tree species in Pakistan. Many ecological and economical uses are associated with this premier timber species, but dieback disease is of major concern. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol for in vitro regeneration of Sissoo that could serve as target material for genetic transformation, in order to improve this species. Callus formation and plantlet regeneration was achieved by culturing cotyledons, immature seeds, and mature embryos on a modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators. Callus induction medium containing 2.71 mu M 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.93 mu M kinetin produced better callus on all explants tested compared to other treatments, such as 8.88 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2.69 mu M alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), or 2.71 mu M 2, 4-D and 2.69 mu M NAA. Shoot regeneration was best on MS medium containing 1.4 mu M NAA and 8.88 mu M BA compared to other treatments, such as 1.4 mu M NAA and 9.9 mu M kinetin, or 2.86 mu M indole-3-acetic acid and 8.88 mu M BA. Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.4 NAA mu M and 8.88 mu M BA was better in general for regeneration regardless of callus induction medium and the type of explant used. Rooting was best on half-strength MS medium with 7.35 mu M indole-3-butyric acid. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized for plantation in the field. Preliminary genetic transformation potential of D. sissoo was evaluated by particle bombardment of callus explants with a pUbiGus vector. The bombarded tissue showed transient Gus activity 1 week after bombardment. Transformation of this woody tree is possible provided excellent regeneration protocols. The best combination for regeneration explained in this study is one of such protocols. C1 [Rehman, Hafiz Mamoon; Rana, Iqrar Ahmad; Ijaz, Siddra; Mustafa, Ghulam; Joyia, Faiz Ahmad; Khan, Iqrar Ahmad] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Ctr Agr Biochem & Biotechnol, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. [Pijut, Paula M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rana, IA (reprint author), Univ Agr Faisalabad, Ctr Agr Biochem & Biotechnol, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. EM iqrar_rana@uaf.edu.pk RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 FU University of Agriculture, Faisalabad FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support from Dr. Dirk Becker of the University of Hamburg, Germany for providing the pUbi-gus plasmid. Additionally, we thank the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad for laboratory bench space and financial support. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV AGR SCI & VETERINARY MED CLUJ-NAPOCA PI CLUJ-NAPOCA PA 3-5 MANASTUR ST, CLUJ-NAPOCA, 400372, ROMANIA SN 0255-965X J9 NOT BOT HORTI AGROBO JI Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Na. PD JUL-DEC PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 043ZT UT WOS:000311589900020 ER PT J AU Toms, JD Faaborg, J Arendt, WJ AF Toms, Judith D. Faaborg, John Arendt, Wayne J. TI Climate change and birds in the forgotten tropics: the importance of tropical dry forests SO IBIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLOBAL CHANGE; CONSERVATION STATUS; HABITAT LOSS; IMPACTS; BIODIVERSITY; TERRESTRIAL; ECOREGIONS; ECOLOGY C1 [Toms, Judith D.; Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Arendt, Wayne J.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Toms, JD (reprint author), Ecol Consulting, 3014 Craigowan Rd, Victoria, BC V9B 1M8, Canada. EM jdthv6@mail.missouri.edu OI Toms, Judith/0000-0002-8492-3384 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2012 VL 154 IS 3 BP 632 EP 634 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01248.x PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 032SC UT WOS:000310738400021 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Jackson, T Bindlish, R Lee, H Hong, S AF Kim, Yihyun Jackson, Thomas Bindlish, Rajat Lee, Hoonyol Hong, Sukyoung TI Radar Vegetation Index for Estimating the Vegetation Water Content of Rice and Soybean SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Leaf area index (LAI); microwave remote sensing; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); polarimetric scatterometer; radar vegetation index (RVI); vegetation water content (VWC) ID BACKSCATTERING; SCATTEROMETER; RETRIEVAL; BIOMASS AB Vegetation water content (VWC) is an important biophysical parameter and has a significant role in the retrieval of soil moisture using microwave remote sensing. Here, the radar vegetation index (RVI) was evaluated for estimating VWC. Analysis utilized a data set obtained by a ground-based multifrequency polarimetric scatterometer system, with a single incidence angle of 40 degrees, during an entire growth period of rice and soybean. Temporal variations of the backscattering coefficients for the L-, C-, and X-bands, RVI, VWC, leaf area index, and normalized difference vegetation index were analyzed. The L-band RVI was found to be correlated to the different vegetation indices. Prediction equations for the estimation of VWC from the RVI were developed. The results indicated that it was possible to estimate VWC with an accuracy of 0.21 kg . m(-2) using L-band RVI observations. These results demonstrate that valuable new information can be extracted from current and future radar satellite systems on the vegetation condition of two globally important crop types. The results are directly applicable to systems such as the proposed NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite. C1 [Kim, Yihyun; Hong, Sukyoung] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Kim, Yihyun; Lee, Hoonyol] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Geophys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. [Jackson, Thomas; Bindlish, Rajat] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Rural Dev Adm, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Suwon 441707, South Korea. EM kleehyun@hanmail.net; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov; rajat.bindlish@ars.usda.gov; hoonyol@kangwon.ac.kr; syhong67@korea.kr OI Lee, Hoonyol/0000-0002-5980-8640 FU "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ007753032011] FX This work was carried out with the support of "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ007753032011)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 564 EP 568 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2174772 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 034YW UT WOS:000310909800006 ER PT J AU Dawit, W Flath, K Weber, WE Schumann, E Roder, MS Chen, X AF Dawit, W. Flath, K. Weber, W. E. Schumann, E. Roeder, M. S. Chen, X. TI POSTULATION AND MAPPING OF SEEDLING STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE GENES IN ETHIOPIAN BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yr gene; gene postulation; bread wheat; stripe rust; genetic resistance ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; TRITICI; BARLEY; LINES AB Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. In Ethiopia, grain yield loss in wheat cultivars ranges from 30 to 69%. The use of resistant cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly method of controlling the disease. Gene postulation which is based on the gene-for-gene interaction between the host line and the pathogen races is commonly used to determine resistance genes in wheat cultivars. In the present study Yr genes in 22 bread wheat cultivars were studied by testing them, together with the 24 differential lines, with 20 Pst races that were collected from Ethiopia, France and Germany. These cultivars were postulated to have different combinations of stripe rust resistance genes Yr2, Yr3a, Yr4a, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr27, Yr32 and YrSU. Among these genes, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr27 and Yr32 could not provide adequate control. This indicates the need for searching more effective resistance genes to be incorporated in Ethiopian bread wheat cultivars. Bread wheat cultivars Wabe and Tusie were resistant to all 20 races, similar to the differential lines with Yr5, Yr15 and Yr26. In addition, due to the absence of matching response spectra to the tested differential genotypes, the Yr gene(s) in bread wheat cultivar Suf-Omer could not be determined. However, the molecular experiments mapped Yr genes in cvs Wabe and Tusie on chromosome 7BL and 3BL in cv. Suf-Omer, showing that the resistance in these cultivars are governed by genes different from Yr5 (2BL), Yr15 (1BL), and Yr26 (1BS). C1 [Weber, W. E.; Schumann, E.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany. [Roeder, M. S.] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. [Chen, X.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM woubit123@yahoo.com RI Roder, Marion/B-1448-2013 OI Roder, Marion/0000-0002-9313-0650 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 94 IS 2 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 016AE UT WOS:000309488800015 ER PT J AU Wulder, MA Masek, JG Cohen, WB Loveland, TR Woodcock, CE AF Wulder, Michael A. Masek, Jeffrey G. Cohen, Warren B. Loveland, Thomas R. Woodcock, Curtis E. TI Opening the archive: How free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Archive; Science; Policy; Applications; Monitoring; Mapping ID DATA CONTINUITY MISSION; TIME-SERIES DATA; FOREST DISTURBANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; LANDSCAPE METRICS; THEMATIC MAPPER; WESTERN OREGON; BOREAL FORESTS; SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES AB Landsat occupies a unique position in the constellation of civilian earth observation satellites, with a long and rich scientific and applications heritage. With nearly 40 years of continuous observation - since launch of the first satellite in 1972 - the Landsat program has benefited from insightful technical specification, robust engineering, and the necessary infrastructure for data archive and dissemination. Chiefly, the spatial and spectral resolutions have proven of broad utility and have remained largely stable over the life of the program. The foresighted acquisition and maintenance of a global image archive has proven to be of unmatched value, providing a window into the past and fueling the monitoring and modeling of global land cover and ecological change. In this paper we discuss the evolution of the Landsat program as a global monitoring mission, highlighting in particular the recent change to an open (free) data policy. The new data policy is revolutionizing the use of Landsat data, spurring the creation of robust standard products and new science and applications approaches. Open data access also promotes increased international collaboration to meet the Earth observing needs of the 21st century. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wulder, MA (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM mwulder@nrcan.gc.ca RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Trivedi, Kruti/E-7558-2015; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016 OI Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896 NR 80 TC 202 Z9 205 U1 10 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600002 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Allen, RG Morse, A Kustas, WP AF Anderson, Martha C. Allen, Richard G. Morse, Anthony Kustas, William P. TI Use of Landsat thermal imagery in monitoring evapotranspiration and managing water resources SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Thermal remote sensing; Landsat; Water resource management; Drought ID SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; BASAL CROP COEFFICIENTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; BALANCE ALGORITHM; SATELLITE IMAGERY AB Freshwater resources are becoming increasingly limited in many parts of the world, and decision makers are demanding new tools for monitoring water availability and rates of consumption. Remotely sensed thermal-infrared imagery collected by Landsat provides estimates of land-surface temperature that allow mapping of evapotranspiration (ET) at the spatial scales at which water is being used. This paper explores the utility of moderate-resolution thermal satellite imagery in water resource management General modeling techniques for using land-surface temperature in mapping the surface energy balance are described, including methods developed to safeguard Er estimates from expected errors in the remote sensing inputs. Examples are provided of how remotely sensed maps of ET derived from Landsat thermal imagery are being used operationally by water managers today: in monitoring water rights, negotiating interstate compacts, estimating water-use by invasive species, and in determining allocations for agriculture, urban use, and endangered species protection. Other applications include monitoring drought and food insecurity, and evaluation of large-scale land-surface and climate models. To better address user requirements for high-resolution, time-continuous Er data, novel techniques have been developed to improve the spatial resolution of Landsat thermal-band imagery and temporal resolution between Landsat overpasses by fusing information from other wavebands and satellites. Finally, a strategy for future modification to the Landsat program is suggested, improving our ability to track changes in water use due to changing climate and growing population. The long archive of global, moderate resolution TIR imagery collected by the Landsat series is unmatched by any other satellite program, and will continue to be an invaluable asset to better management of our earth's water resources. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Anderson, Martha C.; Kustas, William P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Allen, Richard G.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. [Morse, Anthony] Spatial Anal Grp, Boise, ID 83701 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), Bldg 007,Rm 104 BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; FU Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station; Idaho Dept. Water Resources; NASA; USGS; USDA; NSF EPSCoR; Raytheon Company; NOAA FX Development of METRIC algorithms and applications has been supported by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, the Idaho Dept. Water Resources, NASA, USGS, USDA, NSF EPSCoR and Raytheon Company, with substantial guidance by Dr. Wim Bastiaanssen of Water Watch, Wageningen, the Netherlands and feedback by Mr. William Kramber, IDWR. Development of ALEXI/DisALEXI has been supported by NASA, NOAA, and USDA. We acknowledge the support of the Western States Water Council in sustaining US capacity in moderate resolution TIR. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 85 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 23 U2 191 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 50 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.025 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600007 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RE Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB Pfaff, E Braaten, J Nelson, P AF Kennedy, Robert E. Yang, Zhiqiang Cohen, Warren B. Pfaff, Eric Braaten, Justin Nelson, Peder TI Spatial and temporal patterns of forest disturbance and regrowth within the area of the Northwest Forest Plan SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Change detection; Landsat; Forest; Northwest forest plan; Disturbance; Growth ID LANDSAT TIME-SERIES; MULTITEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGERY; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; WESTERN OREGON; COVER CHANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PRIVATE FORESTRY; DETECTING TRENDS; BOREAL FORESTS; TASSELED CAP AB Understanding fine-grain patterns of forest disturbance and regrowth at the landscape scale is critical for effective management, particularly in forests in western Washington, Oregon, and California, U.S., where the policy known as the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was imposed in 1994 over >8 million ha of forest in an effort to balance environmental and economic tensions. We developed approaches to create disturbance and regrowth maps for forests within the area of the NWFP from the results of LandTrendr, a temporal segmentation algorithm described previously only at the pixel scale. Maps were developed from 674 Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper + images distributed across 22 separate scene areas, and were assessed for validity at 2360 points using TimeSync, a time-series validation and interpretation tool. Unlike maps derived using other techniques, maps derived from the segmentation approach were unique in providing simultaneous detection of abrupt disturbance, chronic disturbance, and ongoing vegetative growth with consistency across large areas and across time. Maps were then used to address six core monitoring questions focusing on the distribution of disturbance across time, ownership categories, and ecoregions. Forest was disturbed at rates that varied by ownership category and state, ranging from 9% to >39% of forest area over the period 1985 to 2008, with highest cumulative disturbed area on private and native lands in Washington and Oregon and lowest disturbed area on federal protected lands in Washington. Effects of court injunctions and subsequent implementation of the NWFP lowered forest disturbance rates, particularly in Oregon, and also caused decreases in the relative magnitude of disturbance on those lands relative to private lands. State-managed forests showed forest disturbance rates that varied considerably among the three states, with the highest rates in Washington state and lowest in California. Affected by large, stochastic fire events, protected lands in both Oregon and California showed disturbance rates similar to those found on actively managed federal lands. Protected lands also experienced high rates of chronic disturbance, often associated with insect-related mortality. As expected, moisture-limited ecoregions recovered vegetation more slowly than those where moisture was not limiting. Vegetative regrowth rates showed substantial variation among ownership categories. suggesting that differential forest policies may affect vegetative recovery rate. Taken together, these results emphasize that forest management policies do have manifestations at the landscape scale, but that detection of these manifestations is best achieved with mapping approaches that can detect both abrupt and longer-duration processes within the Landsat archive. (C) 2012 Elsevier inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kennedy, Robert E.; Yang, Zhiqiang; Pfaff, Eric; Braaten, Justin; Nelson, Peder] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Kennedy, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Robert.kennedy@uregonstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northwest Forest Plan Effectiveness Monitoring Program; NASA; NASA New Investigator Program; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy; Inventory and Monitoring network of the National Park Service: Southwest Alaska; Inventory and Monitoring network of the National Park Service: Sierra Nevada; Inventory and Monitoring network of the National Park Service: Northern Colorado Plateau; Inventory and Monitoring network of the National Park Service: Southern Colorado Plateau FX The development and testing of the LandTrendr algorithms reported in this paper were made possible with support of the USDA Forest Service Northwest Forest Plan Effectiveness Monitoring Program, the North American Carbon Program through grants from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs, the NASA New Investigator Program, the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy, and the following Inventory and Monitoring networks of the National Park Service: Southwest Alaska, Sierra Nevada, Northern Colorado Plateau, and Southern Colorado Plateau. NR 87 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 117 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.024 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600012 ER PT J AU Gavier-Pizarro, GI Kuemmerle, T Hoyos, LE Stewart, SI Huebner, CD Keuler, NS Radeloff, VC AF Gavier-Pizarro, Gregorio I. Kuemmerle, Tobias Hoyos, Laura E. Stewart, Susan I. Huebner, Cynthia D. Keuler, Nicholas S. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Monitoring the invasion of an exotic tree (Ligustrum lucidum) from 1983 to 2006 with Landsat TM/ETM plus satellite data and Support Vector Machines in Cordoba, Argentina SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Exotic tree invasions; Non-native invasive species; Ligustrum lucidum; Change detection; Support Vector Machines classification; Urban expansion; Landsat Thematic Mapper; Argentina; Sierras Chicas; Cordoba ID SUBTROPICAL FOREST RELICT; URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT; COVER CHANGE; GLEDITSIA-TRIACANTHOS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SECONDARY FORESTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT INVASIONS; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION AB In central Argentina, the Chinese tree glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum) is an aggressive invasive species replacing native forests, forming dense stands, and is thus a major conservation concern. Mapping the spread of biological invasions is a necessary first step toward understanding the factors determining invasion patterns. Urban areas may function as propagule sources for glossy privet because it has been used as a landscaping tree for over a century. The objectives of this paper were to 1) map the patterns of glossy privet expansion from 1983 to 2006 using a time series of Landsat TM/ETM + images, and 2) analyze the spatial pattern of glossy privet stands with regard to urban extent. Using six summer Landsat TM images (1983, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, and 2006) the expansion of glossy privet was analyzed using Support Vector Machines (SVM), a non-parametric classifier which we applied to a stack of all images simultaneously, a novel approach in its application to monitor non-native tree invasions. We then measured the area of glossy privet in a series of 200-m buffers at increasing distances around urban areas in 1983 and 2006, and compared it with the amount of privet expected in proportion to buffer area Glossy privet in the study area has spread very rapidly during the 23 years that we studied and the SVM resulted in highly accurate classifications (Kappa Index 0.88, commission error 0.07, omission error 0.16). Between 1983 and 2006 glossy privet area increased 50 times (from 50 to 2500 ha), and 20% of all forest in the study area is now dominated by glossy privet Most of the glossy privet dominated stands were located within 600 m of urban areas. However, the rate of glossy privet expansion accelerated substantially after 1992 and new glossy privet dominated stands tend to be located away from urban areas. This suggests that glossy privet is now self-sustaining, but expected urban growth in the area could further foster glossy privet invasion. Management and development plans should include mitigation efforts to contain this species and prevent invasion into native forests, and citizens should be informed about the risk of invasion associated with the use of glossy privet for landscaping. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gavier-Pizarro, Gregorio I.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kuemmerle, Tobias] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. [Hoyos, Laura E.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal IMBIV CONICE, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Hoyos, Laura E.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Huebner, Cynthia D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Keuler, Nicholas S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kuemmerle, Tobias] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. RP Gavier-Pizarro, GI (reprint author), Ctr Invest Recursos Nat CIRN IRB, INTA, Reseros & Las Cabanas S-N,HB1712WAA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM ggavier@cnia.inta.gov.ar RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU Northern Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service; Tinker-Nave Short Term Field Research Grant of the Latin American, Caribbean and Iberian Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison; Fulbright/Organization of American States Fellowship; Master in Wildlife Management Program (Maestria en Manejo de Vida Silvestre) of the National University of Cordoba (Argentina); Fedor Lynen Research Fellowship by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Einstein Foundation; European Union [VOLANTE FP7-ENV-2010-265104] FX We thank J. B. Zedler, M. G. Turner, E. L Kruger, D. J. Mladenoff, M. Wulder (guest editor of this special issue) and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions on previous versions of the manuscript. E. I. Gavier, F. Mascotti and C. Blumzak provided valuable assistance in the field. S. Benavidez generously provided field plot data for native forests. S. Serbin and J. Martin helped with tree core counting. C. Labaque provided valuable help with core samples treatment. P. C. Alcantara Concepcion provided valuable assistance with the spatial pattern analysis. We would like to thank A. Rabe, S. van der Linden, and P. Hostert for sharing the imageSVM software and for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from the Northern Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service, a Tinker-Nave Short Term Field Research Grant of the Latin American, Caribbean and Iberian Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a Fulbright/Organization of American States Fellowship to G. Gavier-Pizarro, from the Master in Wildlife Management Program (Maestria en Manejo de Vida Silvestre) of the National University of Cordoba (Argentina) to L. Hoyos and from a Fedor Lynen Research Fellowship by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Einstein Foundation and the European Union (Integrated Project VOLANTE FP7-ENV-2010-265104) to T. Kuemmerle. NR 86 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.023 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600013 ER PT J AU Pflugmacher, D Cohen, WB Kennedy, RE AF Pflugmacher, Dirk Cohen, Warren B. Kennedy, Robert E. TI Using Landsat-derived disturbance history (1972-2010) to predict current forest structure SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Time series; Forest disturbance; Biomass; Carbon; Lidar; MSS; Tasseled cap; LandTrendr; TimeSync ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; TM TASSELED CAP; TIME-SERIES; WESTERN OREGON; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; MULTITEMPORAL LANDSAT; STRUCTURE ATTRIBUTES; DETECTING TRENDS; STAND STRUCTURE AB Lidar is currently the most accurate method for remote estimation of forest structure, but it has limited spatial and temporal coverage. Conversely, Landsat data are more widely available, but exhibit a weaker relationship with structure under medium to high leaf area conditions. One potentially valuable means of enhancing the relationship between Landsat reflectance and forest structure is to incorporate Landsat spectral trends prior to a date of interest. Because the condition of a forest stand at any point in time is linked to the stand's disturbance history, an approach that directly leverages the temporal information of Landsat time series should improve estimates of forest structure. The main objective of this study was to test and demonstrate the utility of disturbance and recovery metrics derived from spectral profiles of annual Landsat time series (LTS) to predict current forest structure attributes (as compared to more traditional approaches, including airborne, discrete return lidar and single-date Landsat). We estimated aboveground live biomass (AGB(live)), dead woody biomass (AGB(dead)), basal area (live and dead), and Lorey's mean stand height for a mixed-conifer forest in eastem Oregon, USA, and compared the results with estimates from lidar and single, current-date Landsat imagery. Annual time-series stacks for the entire Landsat record (1972-2010) were obtained to characterize all long-term (insect, growth) and short-term (fire, harvest) vegetation changes that occurred during that period. This required the additional objective of integrating Landsat data from MSS and TM/ETM + sensors, and we describe here our approach. To extract spectral trajectories and change metrics associated with forest disturbances and recovery we applied a temporal segmentation to the calibrated time series. Lidar predicted forest structure of live trees most accurately (e.g. AGB(live): R-2 = 0.88, RMSE = 35.3 Mg ha(-1)). However, LTS metrics significantly improved model predictions (e.g. AGB(live): R-2 = 0.80, RMSE = 46.9 Mg ha(-1)) compared to single-date Landsat data (AGB(live), R-2 = 0.58, RMSE = 65.1 Mg ha(-1)). Conversely, distributions of AGB(dead) were more strongly associated with disturbance history than current structure of live trees. As a result, LTS models performed significantly better in estimating AGB(dead) (R-2 = 0.73, RMSE = 31.0 Mg ha(-1)), than lidar models (R-2 = 0.21, RMSE= 43.8 Mg ha(-1)); and single-date Landsat data failed completely (R-2 = 0, RMSE= 47.8 Mg ha(-1)). Further, ITS metrics that integrated disturbance and recovery history over the entire time series generally predicted AGB(dead) better than metrics describing single events only (e.g. the greatest disturbance). This study demonstrates the unique value of the long, historic Landsat record, and suggests new potentials for mapping current forest structure with Landsat. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pflugmacher, Dirk; Kennedy, Robert E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pflugmacher, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dirk.pflugmacher@oregonstate.edu FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX10AN49H]; Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board FX This research was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program - Grant "NNX10AN49H" and by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. We thank Dr. Zhiqiang Yang for his comments on the MSS tasseled cap calculations, the USGS EROS data center for early access to the MSS archive, Dr. Demetrios Gatziolis for his help with lidar data processing, Aaron Richards, Daniela White, and Candy Mollnau for their field assistance, and Dr. Keith Jayawickrama for providing the field hypsometer. We also thank six anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 107 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 146 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.025 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600014 ER PT J AU Schroeder, TA Wulder, MA Healey, SP Moisen, GG AF Schroeder, Todd A. Wulder, Michael A. Healey, Sean P. Moisen, Gretchen G. TI Detecting post-fire salvage logging from Landsat change maps and national fire survey data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Post-fire salvage logging; Landsat time series; Change detection; National fire survey data ID DIRECT CARBON EMISSIONS; TIME-SERIES; FOREST DISTURBANCE; BOREAL FORESTS; NATURAL-DISTURBANCE; WESTERN OREGON; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; WILDFIRE; IMAGERY AB In Canadian boreal forests, wildfire is the predominant agent of natural disturbance often with millions of hectares burning annually. In addition to fire, nearly one quarter of Canada's boreal forest is also managed for industrial wood production. Post-fire logging (or salvage harvesting) is increasingly used to minimize economic losses from fire, notwithstanding that the ecological impacts of successive disturbance events remain poorly understood. Improved monitoring and management of post-fire environments will require new information regarding the location and timing of past operations. In this paper we present and evaluate a data integration approach for detecting spatial and temporal trends in post-fire logging. Here we utilize a series of maps relating timing and extent of burned area (from the Canadian Large Fire Database) and year of harvest (from Landsat change detection) to identify occurrences of post-fire logging between 1987 and 2008 for a portion of boreal forest located in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Using a design-based, stratified random sampling framework we found that 68% (95% confidence interval (CI) [53 to 84%]) of the detected post-fire logging was correctly classified, such that both fire and clearcutting disturbances were positively verified by the reference data. The majority of map error resulted from spectral confusion between harvested areas and rock outcroppings exposed by fire and from mislabeling harvested unburned islands as post-fire logging. To add further confidence to our classification accuracy, we also found that mapped post-fire logging displayed similar temporal trends over a ten year period as salvage volume reported for a forest management area partially contained within the study area. Based upon the significant relationship between these estimates (r = 0.97, p<0.001) and the good degree of observed map accuracy, we believe that the presented approach offers a viable and flexible option for characterizing the spatial and temporal dynamics of post-fire logging in boreal forests. Maps which reliably identify areas of post-fire logging stand to improve our capacity to manage and model the ecological impacts associated with multiple disturbance events. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schroeder, Todd A.; Healey, Sean P.; Moisen, Gretchen G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Schroeder, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM tschroeder@fs.fed.us RI Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016 OI Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Interior West Region of the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program; "EcoMonitor: Northern Ecosystem Climate Change Monitoring" project; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terrestrial Ecology Program through the North American Forest Dynamics Project. Additional support was provided by the Interior West Region of the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. The participation of Wulder in this research was supported in part by the "EcoMonitor: Northern Ecosystem Climate Change Monitoring" project jointly funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP) and the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600015 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Evans, KO Compton, DL AF Laszlo, Joseph A. Evans, Kervin O. Compton, David L. TI Preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acyl glycerides via intramolecular antioxidant coupling SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Ferulic acid; Liposomes; Triglyceride; Antioxidant; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ID RADICAL-SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; FERULIC ACID; SKIN PARAMETERS; METABOLISM; DELIVERY; LIPIDS; MICROEMULSIONS; HYDROLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS AB Ferulic acid and its esters are known to be effective antioxidants. Feruloyl di-gamma-linolenoylglycerol was assessed for its ability to serve as an antioxidant for preventing the oxidation of its gamma-linolenoyl polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups in model membrane phospholipid vesicles. The molecule was incorporated into single-lamellar vesicles comprised of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Feruloyl di-gamma-linolenoylglycerol was found to be highly resistant to 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-initiated oxidation in comparison to di-gamma-linolenoylglycerol. Analysis of the individual fatty acyl chains indicated that degradation of gamma-linolenoyl groups from feruloyl di-gamma-linolenoylglycerol proceeded much more slowly than loss of the entire molecule, indicating that the feruloyl moiety was preferentially oxidized. In vesicles incorporating di-gamma-linolenoylglycerol and an equal amount (5 mol% each) feruloyl dioleoylglycerol, the extent of gamma-linolenoyl protection was not as great as when the gamma-linolenoyl groups were molecularly combined with a ferulate group. These findings indicate that the ferulate group of feruloyl di-gamma-linolenoylglycerol expresses intramolecular antioxidant activity. Direct coupling of polyunsaturated fatty acids with phenolic antioxidants may improve the oxidative stability of sensitive fatty acids in food or topical uses. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Laszlo, Joseph A.; Evans, Kervin O.; Compton, David L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Joe.Laszlo@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD JUL PY 2012 VL 165 IS 5 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.05.001 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 004KX UT WOS:000308681700004 PM 22609832 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, DR Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI Ecohydrological niche of sagebrush ecosystems SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; big sagebrush; hydrological processes; semiarid ecosystem; snow accumulation; snow melt; soil moisture; water cycle ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; BIG SAGEBRUSH; SOIL-WATER; PRECIPITATION PULSES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; ENVELOPE MODELS; GREAT-BASIN AB Spatial and temporal patterns of soil water are major determinants of net primary production and plant functional composition in arid and semiarid ecosystems which cover approximately 30% of global land area. The ecohydrological niche defines the components of species' niche that are described by the relationship between ecohydrological conditions and species occurrence. We modelled the ecohydrological niche of different sagebrush ecosystems types, which are widespread in the semiarid western United States, and identified characteristics, which, if altered, will potentially lead to changes in their geographic distribution. We ran a daily soil water simulation model, SOILWAT, to simulate the water balance in space and time for sites from across the geographic range of sagebrush ecosystems. Additionally, to evaluate the relative importance of weather type, soil texture, soil depth, vegetation biomass, and phenology, we performed a sensitivity analysis using output from SOILWAT. Our results demonstrated that soil water dynamics in sagebrush ecosystems are characterized by spring recharge followed by a dry period (timing dependent on ecosystem type), where top soil layers dry earlier and more completely than the bottom layers. Most response variables were strongly influenced by weather type, followed by phenology of biomass, and soil depth. Reducing the availability of deep soil water during summer dry periods by increasing evaporative demand or reducing spring recharge will potentially lead to shifts in the range of sagebrush ecosystems. Characterizing the ecohydrological niche will be essential for improving our understanding of how semiarid ecosystems will be affected by future climate and biological invasions. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the publish domain in the USA. C1 [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM dschlaep@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009 OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065 FU University of Wyoming; USDA Forest Service FX The work was made possible by funding from the University of Wyoming and the USDA Forest Service. We thank the review editor and four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version. NR 85 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 453 EP 466 DI 10.1002/eco.238 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 993TO UT WOS:000307882700009 ER PT J AU Endress, BA Parks, CG Naylor, BJ Radosevich, SR Porter, M AF Endress, Bryan A. Parks, Catherine G. Naylor, Bridgett J. Radosevich, Steven R. Porter, Mark TI Grassland Response to Herbicides and Seeding of Native Grasses 6 Years Posttreatment SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Potentilla recta L.; rangeland; sulfur cinquefoil; wildlife management ID CINQUEFOIL POTENTILLA-RECTA; SULFUR CINQUEFOIL; INVASIVE PLANTS; WEED-CONTROL; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; PICLORAM AB Herbicides are the primary method used to control exotic, invasive plants. This study evaluated restoration efforts applied to grasslands dominated by an invasive plant, sulfur cinquefoil, 6 yr after treatments. Of the five herbicides we evaluated, picloram continued to provide the best control of sulfur cinquefoil over 6 yr. We found the timing of picloram applications to be important to the native forb community. Plots with picloram applied in the fall had greater native forb cover. However, without the addition of native perennial grass seeds, the sites became dominated by exotic grasses. Seeding resulted in a 20% decrease in exotic grass cover. Successful establishment of native perennial grasses was not apparent until 6 yr after seeding. Our study found integrating herbicide application and the addition of native grass seed to be an effective grassland restoration strategy, at least in the case where livestock are excluded. C1 [Parks, Catherine G.; Naylor, Bridgett J.] USDA ARS, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Endress, Bryan A.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Div Appl Plant Ecol, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Radosevich, Steven R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Porter, Mark] Wallowa Resources, Noxious Weed Program, Enterprise, OR 97828 USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM cparks01@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 35 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00050.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006XQ UT WOS:000308853500001 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF AF Spencer, David F. TI Response of Giant Reed (Arundo donax) to Intermittent Shading SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Establishment; invasion; photosynthesis; growth response; leaf life span ID CALIFORNIA; GROWTH; PLANT AB A species' successful invasion into a new site depends on its ability to persist in the local environment. An experiment was conducted to examine the response of giant reed to intermittent periods of shading for 2 yr. Results indicate that giant reed persisted when exposed to significant shading (i.e., 90% reduction of full sun) and that shading also caused changes in a number of plant characteristics, such as stem height, internode length, leaf nitrogen, leaf chlorophyll content, specific leaf area, total leaf area per plant, and leaf life span. Estimates of leaf photosynthetic rates did not differ across shade levels. Giant reed's ability to persist and grow under intermittent low-light conditions implies that plants would be poised to take advantage of sun flecks and disturbances that create gaps within the resident plant community. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, MS 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM david.spencer@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00087.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006XQ UT WOS:000308853500002 ER PT J AU Bryson, CT Reddy, KN Byrd, JD AF Bryson, Charles T. Reddy, Krishna N. Byrd, John D., Jr. TI Growth, Development, and Morphological Differences among Native and Nonnative Prickly Nightshades (Solanum spp.) of the Southeastern United States SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Solanaceae; invasive weed; invasive nightshades; morphological characterization ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CORN ZEA-MAYS; SILVERLEAF NIGHTSHADE; VIARUM; CAROLINENSE; ELAEAGNIFOLIUM; INTERFERENCE; FLORIDA; WEED; GERMINATION AB Prickly nightshades are troublesome weeds of natural habitats, pastures, feedlots, right-of-ways, and croplands. Native and nonnative invasive weedy species of prickly nightshades were compared to determine growth, development, and morphological differences. Six (Solanum bahamense, Solanum capsicoides, Solanum carolinense, Solanum dimidiatum, Solanum donianum, and Solanum pumilum) of the 18 species of prickly nightshades studied are native to the US. Two species, Solanum citrullifolium and Solanum rostratum, are annuals; the others are perennials or are short lived perennials or annuals in northern extremes of their range in North America. Tables were developed from new and existing data to differentiate vegetative and reproductive characteristics among 18 species of prickly nightshade found in the southeastern US. In greenhouse experiments, average plant height ranged from 24 and 26 cm (9.45 and 10.24 inch) for S. carolinense and Solanum jamaicense, respectively, to 100 and 105 cm for Solanum tampicense and Solanum sisymbriifolium, respectively at 10 wk after emergence (WAE). By 10 WAE, the average number of leaves per plant ranged from < 10 for S. carolinense and Solanum torvum to > 40 leaves/plant for S. rostratum and S. dimidiatum. Average number of nodes/plant main stem ranged from 11, 12, and 14 nodes in S. jamaicense, S. torvum, and S. carolinense, respectively, to 54 nodes in S. rostratum. Average plant dry weights were collected at 10 WAE and were greatest for Solanum mammosum and (> 17 g/plant) (0.6001 oz/plant) and least for S. carolinense (1 g/plant). Based on these data, nightshade growth rate and dry weight were variable among some species and variability may be a result of phenology and life cycles, annual or perennial. Plants of S. rostratum, an annual, were relatively tall and produced high number of nodes and leaves and had the shortest period from emergence to flower among the prickly nightshades evaluated. C1 [Bryson, Charles T.; Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Byrd, John D., Jr.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM krishna.reddy@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00062.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006XQ UT WOS:000308853500005 ER PT J AU Matlaga, DP Quinn, LD Davis, AS Stewart, JR AF Matlaga, David P. Quinn, Lauren D. Davis, Adam S. Stewart, J. Ryan TI Light Response of Native and Introduced Miscanthus sinensis Seedlings SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass allocation; light response; Miscanthus sinensis; phenotypic plasticity ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SHADE TOLERANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; PLANT INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; BIOENERGY; POPULATIONS; GENOTYPES; GRASS; INVASIVENESS AB The Asian grass Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) is being considered for use as a bioenergy crop in the U.S. Corn Belt. Originally introduced to the United States for ornamental plantings, it escaped, forming invasive populations. The concern is that naturalized M. sinensis populations have evolved shade tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that seedlings from within the invasive U.S. range of M. sinensis would display traits associated with shade tolerance, namely increased area for light capture and phenotypic plasticity, compared with seedlings from the native Japanese populations. In a common garden experiment, seedlings of 80 half-sib maternal lines were grown from the native range (Japan) and 60 half-sib maternal lines from the invasive range (U.S.) under four light levels. Seedling leaf area, leaf size, growth, and biomass allocation were measured on the resulting seedlings after 12 wk. Seedlings from both regions responded strongly to the light gradient. High light conditions resulted in seedlings with greater leaf area, larger leaves, and a shift to greater belowground biomass investment, compared with shaded seedlings. Japanese seedlings produced more biomass and total leaf area than U.S. seedlings across all light levels. Generally, U.S. and Japanese seedlings allocated a similar amount of biomass to foliage and equal leaf area per leaf mass. Subtle differences in light response by region were observed for total leaf area, mass, growth, and leaf size. U.S. seedlings had slightly higher plasticity for total mass and leaf area but lower plasticity for measures of biomass allocation and leaf traits compared with Japanese seedlings. Our results do not provide general support for the hypothesis of increased M. sinensis shade tolerance within its introduced U.S. range compared with native Japanese populations. C1 [Matlaga, David P.; Davis, Adam S.] Agr Res Serv, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Quinn, Lauren D.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stewart, J. Ryan] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Matlaga, DP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA, N-319 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dmatlaga@illinois.edu RI Quinn, Lauren/F-9742-2010 OI Quinn, Lauren/0000-0002-9349-9191 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; University of Illinois Energy Biosciences Institute FX Panicles were collected by Marilyn Ortt (OH), Jonathan Horton (NC), David Taylor (KY), Masanori Saito (KAW), Ryo Suzuki (SUG), Yo Toma (TOM), and Katsuhisa Shimoda (NIS). Toshihiko Yamada facilitated Japanese collections. Student workers assisted with seedling measurements, including Tyler Slack, Yu-Chi Sun, Iryna Olyva, and Gurpal Sandhu. Greenhouse support was kindly provided by Heather Lash, Ruth Green, and Mark Hurt. Jim Moody provided logistical support. Tanya Matlaga provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded in part by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the University of Illinois Energy Biosciences Institute. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 38 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00056.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006XQ UT WOS:000308853500007 ER PT J AU Fischer, AP Charnley, S AF Fischer, A. Paige Charnley, Susan TI Private Forest Owners and Invasive Plants: Risk Perception and Management SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Nonindustrial private forest owners; ponderosa pine zone; invasive plant mitigation; forest management policy ID PINUS-PONDEROSA FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WILLAMETTE VALLEY; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; CONSERVING OAK; OREGON; USA AB We investigated nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners' invasive plant risk perceptions and mitigation practices using statistical analysis of mail survey data and qualitative analysis of interview data collected in Oregon's ponderosa pine zone. We found that 52% of the survey sample was aware of invasive plant species considered problematic by local natural resource professionals; 70% was concerned about these species; and 46% had treated invasive plants on their parcels. Owners' perceptions of invasive plant risks fell along a spectrum ranging from a lack of awareness or concern, to the view that invasive plant infestations have discrete causes and controllable consequences, to the perception that incursions by invasive plants have diffuse causes and uncontrollable effects. Being aware or concerned about invasive plant species were predictors (p <= 0.001) of whether owners treat their parcels to control invasive plants. Holding wildlife habitat and/or biodiversity as an important forest management goal was also a predictor (p <= 0.08) of whether owners treated their parcels to control invasive plants. Some owners were sensitive to the risks of invasive plant infestations from nearby properties, and a surprisingly high percentage of respondents had cooperated with others in forest management activities previously. Our findings suggest three approaches to increasing the frequency of invasive plant mitigation by NIPF owners that hold promise: (1) raising awareness and concern about invasive plants and their impacts on forest management goals that owners care about, such as wildlife habitat and/or biodiversity; (2) providing assistance to help owners mitigate invasive plants they feel unable to control; and (3) engaging owners in coordinated efforts across ownership boundaries to address invasive plant risks. C1 [Fischer, A. Paige] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Fischer, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM paigefischer@fs.fed.us FU National Fire Plan FX We sincerely thank the NIPF owners who took the time to participate in the interviews and survey. P. Cunningham conducted a statistical review of the manuscript and greatly assisted with building and interpretation of the models. J. Bliss, G. Lettman and J. Kline provided helpful comments on the study design and data interpretation. K. Olsen provided GIS assistance and C. Olsen provided statistical assistance. We are grateful to G. Lettman, T. Gamache and others at the Oregon Department of Forestry and Oregon State University for furnishing the data from the survey that they funded and administered. Funding for this study was provided in part by the National Fire Plan. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 46 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00005.1 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006XQ UT WOS:000308853500008 ER PT J AU Morohashi, K Casas, MI Ferreyra, LF Mejia-Guerra, MK Pourcel, L Yilmaz, A Feller, A Carvalho, B Emiliani, J Rodriguez, E Pellegrinet, S McMullen, M Casati, P Grotewold, E AF Morohashi, Kengo Casas, Maria Isabel Falcone Ferreyra, Lorena Mejia-Guerra, Maria Katherine Pourcel, Lucille Yilmaz, Alper Feller, Antje Carvalho, Bruna Emiliani, Julia Rodriguez, Eduardo Pellegrinet, Silvina McMullen, Michael Casati, Paula Grotewold, Erich TI A Genome-Wide Regulatory Framework Identifies Maize Pericarp Color1 Controlled Genes SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ZEA-MAYS L.; DNA-BINDING SPECIFICITIES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CORN-EARWORM; RNA-SEQ; P-GENE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; FLAVONE SYNTHASES AB Pericarp Color1 (P1) encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor responsible for the accumulation of insecticidal flavones in maize (Zea mays) silks and red phlobaphene pigments in pericarps and other floral tissues, which makes P1 an important visual marker. Using genome-wide expression analyses (RNA sequencing) in pericarps and silks of plants with contrasting P1 alleles combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing, we show here that the regulatory functions of P1 are much broader than the activation of genes corresponding to enzymes in a branch of flavonoid biosynthesis. P1 modulates the expression of several thousand genes, and similar to 1500 of them were identified as putative direct targets of P1. Among them, we identified F2H1, corresponding to a P450 enzyme that converts naringenin into 2-hydroxynaringenin, a key branch point in the P1-controlled pathway and the first step in the formation of insecticidal C-glycosyl flavones. Unexpectedly, the binding of P1 to gene regulatory regions can result in both gene activation and repression. Our results indicate that P1 is the major regulator for a set of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and a minor modulator of the expression of a much larger gene set that includes genes involved in primary metabolism and production of other specialized compounds. C1 [Morohashi, Kengo; Grotewold, Erich] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morohashi, Kengo; Casas, Maria Isabel; Mejia-Guerra, Maria Katherine; Yilmaz, Alper; Carvalho, Bruna; Grotewold, Erich] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Appl Plant Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Casas, Maria Isabel; Mejia-Guerra, Maria Katherine] Ohio State Univ, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Falcone Ferreyra, Lorena; Emiliani, Julia; Casati, Paula] Univ Nacl Rosario, Ctr Estudios Fotosintet & Bioquim, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Pourcel, Lucille] Univ Geneva, Dept Bot & Plant Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Feller, Antje] Inst Agrario San Michele AllAdige, Dept Food Qual & Nutr, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Italy. [Rodriguez, Eduardo] Inst Biol Mol & Celular Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Pellegrinet, Silvina] Inst Quim, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [McMullen, Michael] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McMullen, Michael] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Grotewold, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, 484 W 12Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM grotewold.1@osu.edu RI Morohashi, Kengo/C-5511-2014; Yilmaz, Alper/C-7075-2014; Pourcel, Lucille/P-2896-2015; Casas, Maria/M-2393-2016; OI Yilmaz, Alper/0000-0002-8827-4887; Pourcel, Lucille/0000-0003-1522-9900; Casas, Maria/0000-0002-1395-9646; Emiliani, Julia/0000-0002-1471-195X FU National Institutes of Health [5 T32 CA106196-05]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Excellence in Plant Molecular Biology/Biotechnology Graduate Fellowships; [NSF-DBI-0701405]; [IOS-1125620] FX We thank Doreen Ware, Robin Buell, and Tom Brutnell for helpful discussions. We also thank Erik Bloomquist for assistance with statistical analysis, Matt Hunt for help with the characterization of maize phenolic genes, Surinder Chopra for sharing results ahead of publication, and Waka Omata for assistance with protein extractions and protein gel blot analysis. This work was supported by Grants NSF-DBI-0701405 and IOS-1125620 to E.G., by the National Institutes of Health 5 T32 CA106196-05 Fellowship to A.Y., by grants from Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica to S.P. and P.C., and by grants from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas to L.F.F. L.F.F., S.P., and P.C. are members of the Research Career of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas of Argentina. M.K.M.-G. and M.I.C. acknowledge support from Excellence in Plant Molecular Biology/Biotechnology Graduate Fellowships. NR 104 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 2012 VL 24 IS 7 BP 2745 EP 2764 DI 10.1105/tpc.112.098004 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 999YU UT WOS:000308352800007 PM 22822204 ER PT J AU Franco, DAS Almeida, SDB Cerdeira, AL Duke, SO Moraes, RM Lacerda, ALS Matallo, MB AF Franco, D. A. S. Almeida, S. D. B. Cerdeira, A. L. Duke, S. O. Moraes, R. M. Lacerda, A. L. S. Matallo, M. B. TI Evaluation of Glyphosate Application on Transgenic Soybean and its Relationship with Shikimic Acid SO PLANTA DANINHA LA Portuguese DT Article DE shikimate; root exsudation; AMPA; nutrient solution ID AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; GLYCINE-MAX; RESISTANT; EXUDATION; PLANTS; L. AB Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]-resistant crops (GRC) are the transgenic crops most extensively grown worldwide, with soybean being the major GRC. It is important to evaluate the impact of glyphosate on transgenic soybean and its relationship with shikimic acid. A field experiment was conducted at Engenheiro Coelho-SP, Brazil, during the agricultural year 2007/2008 to evaluate the effect of glyphosate on the growth, development, and seed quality of GRC soybean variety BRS Valiosa RR. A randomized block design was used with four replications. Glyphosate was applied at 720 and 960 g a.e. ha(-1) (acid equivalent) and in sequence at the doses 720/720, 960/720, and 960/720/720 g a.e. ha(-1) (acid equivalent). To evaluate transfer from GRC soybean to non GRC soybean cultivated in nutrient solution, a pot experiment was conducted at Instituto Biolegico, SP, Brazil. Glyphosate was applied on the GRC soybean (M8045RR) at 2,400 g a.e. ha(-1). Both GRC soybean and non GRC soybean were sown in the same box with nutrient solution. At 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after application, shikimic acid was measured by HPLC and the glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) levels in nutrient solution were determined by GC-MS. The results showed that yield, plant height, seed oil, and protein contents were not affected by glyphosate application. GRC soybean accumulated shikimic acid in the field. Glyphosate and AMPA were released through the roots of GRC soybean, and subsequently taken up by non-GRC soybean, exerting inhibitory effects on their shikimic pathway. C1 [Franco, D. A. S.; Almeida, S. D. B.; Matallo, M. B.] Inst Biol, Lab Ciencia Plantas Daninhas, BR-13092543 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Cerdeira, A. L.] Embrapa Meio Ambiente, BR-13820000 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. [Duke, S. O.] USDA ARS, NPURU, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. [Moraes, R. M.] Univ Mississippi, Biol Field Stn, Oxford, MS 38601 USA. RP Franco, DAS (reprint author), Inst Biol, Lab Ciencia Plantas Daninhas, BR-13092543 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM matallo@biologico.sp.gov.br NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 25 PU UNIV FEDERAL VICOSA PI VICOSA PA CAIXA POSTAL 270, VICOSA, MG CEP 36571-00, BRAZIL SN 0100-8358 J9 PLANTA DANINHA JI Planta Daninha PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 30 IS 3 BP 659 EP 666 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991TI UT WOS:000307724100023 ER PT J AU Lewis, SA Robichaud, PR Hudak, AT Austin, B Liebermann, RJ AF Lewis, Sarah A. Robichaud, Peter R. Hudak, Andrew T. Austin, Brian Liebermann, Robert J. TI Utility of Remotely Sensed Imagery for Assessing the Impact of Salvage Logging after Forest Fires SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE QuickBird; NAIP; School Fire; Red Eagle Fire; Tripod Fire; spectral mixture analysis ID POSTFIRE MANAGEMENT; LAND-COVER; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; WILDFIRE; SEVERITY; SOILS AB Remotely sensed imagery provides a useful tool for land managers to assess the extent and severity of post-wildfire salvage logging disturbance. This investigation uses high resolution QuickBird and National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery to map soil exposure after ground-based salvage operations. Three wildfires with varying post-fire salvage activities and variable ground truth data were used to evaluate the utility of remotely sensed imagery for disturbance classification. The Red Eagle Fire in northwestern Montana had intensive ground truthing with GPS-equipment logging equipment to map their travel paths, the Tripod Fire in north central Washington had ground truthed disturbance transects, and the School Fire in southeastern Washington had no salvage-specific ground truthing but pre-and post-salvage images were available. Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and principle component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the imagery. Our results showed that soil exposure (disturbance) was measureable when pre-and post-salvage QuickBird images were compared at one site. At two of the sites, only post-salvage imagery was available, and the soil exposure correlated well to salvage logging equipment disturbance at one site. When ground disturbance transects were compared to NAIP imagery two years after the salvage operation, it was difficult to identify disturbance due to vegetation regrowth. These results indicate that soil exposure (ground disturbance) by salvage operation can be detected with remotely sensed imagery especially if the images are taken less than two years after the salvage operation. C1 [Lewis, Sarah A.; Robichaud, Peter R.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Liebermann, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Austin, Brian] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM sarahlewis@fs.fed.us; probichaud@fs.fed.us; ahudak@fs.fed.us; bdaustin@uidaho.edu; rjliebermann@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and Department of Interior Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [06-3-4-21, 06-1-02-03]; JFSP; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; University of Idaho; Pomeroy Ranger District, Umatilla National Forest FX This project was supported by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and Department of Interior Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) grants (06-3-4-21 and 06-1-02-03). We are very grateful to the JFSP for providing funding and support throughout the course of this project. This research was also supported in part by funds and personnel from the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and the University of Idaho. We thank the Blackfeet Tribe, Umatilla National Forest and the Wenatchee-Okanogan Nation Forest for their logistical support. Funding for QuickBird imagery on the School Fire was provided by the Pomeroy Ranger District, Umatilla National Forest. Two anonymous reviewers provided insightful advice and comments. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 4 IS 7 BP 2112 EP 2132 DI 10.3390/rs4072112 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978QG UT WOS:000306759700012 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV Hardegree, SP Cho, J AF Bonta, J. V. Hardegree, S. P. Cho, J. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF WITHIN-DAY BEGINNING TIMES OF STORMS FOR STOCHASTIC SIMULATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Beginning times of storms; Kernel density estimation; Mixed doubly truncated normal distributions; Storm simulation; Weather generator ID DAILY RAINFALL DISAGGREGATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; WEATHER DATA; TEMPERATURE; GENERATION; PARAMETERS; IMPACT AB The beginning times of storms within a day are often required for stochastic modeling purposes and for studies on plant growth. This study investigated the variation in frequency distributions of storm initiation time (SI time) within a day due to elevation changes and month. Actual storms without 24 h constraints were used, as opposed to simply bursts of precipitation within a 24 h period. Two methods of characterizing and quantifying these distributions were investigated: kernel density estimation (KDE), and a mixed doubly truncated normal (MDTN) distribution method using nonlinear curve fitting subject to bounds on the parameters. Parameter estimation methods were also investigated. Data came from the raingauge network maintained by the USDA-ARS at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho over a 982 m elevation gradient. There was no difference between frequency distributions of SI time with elevation or precipitation type over the 147 km(2) study area. There was a significant shift in SI-time distribution from earlier in the morning in late fall and winter to early afternoon during the spring and summer. Both the KDE and MDTN methods accurately characterized the observed histograms, which included near-uniform, single-mode, and bimodal distributions. The MDTN method worked well most of the tune (similar to 97%) but can have mathematical convergence problems. An SI-time analysis based on a 24 h cycle starting at 2100 h yielded a better fit to the data than a "standard day" defined to start at midnight using the MDTN method. Exploratory regressions between the four MDTN parameters and several readily available independent variables did not yield consistent or significant predictive relationships. Cumulative distributions for either the KDE or MDTN methods are suggested for stochastic modeling purposes on a monthly basis, as they represent well observed histograms of SI times. The KDE method is suggested for use because of its simplicity in ungauged areas as long as neighboring data are available. The methods have utility for characterizing time variation of other weather elements. C1 [Bonta, J. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Hardegree, S. P.; Cho, J.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Jim.bonta@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1192 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900006 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Wilson, BN Douglas-Mankin, KR Arnold, JG Gowda, PH AF Moriasi, D. N. Wilson, B. N. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. Arnold, J. G. Gowda, P. H. TI HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELS: USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE ASABE; Calibration; Guidelines; Hydrologic models; Hydrology; Validation; Water quality; Watershed ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; SWAT MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; GUIDELINES; SOIL AB To provide a common background and platform for consensual development of calibration and validation guidelines, model developers and/or expert users of the commonly used hydrologic and water quality models globally were invited to write technical articles recommending calibration and validation procedures specific to their model. This article introduces a special collection of 22 research articles that present and discuss calibration and validation concepts in detail for 25 hydrologic and water quality models. The main objective of this introductory article is to introduce and summarize key aspects of the hydrologic and water quality models presented in this collection. The models range from field to watershed scales for simulating hydrology, sediment, nutrients, bacteria, and pesticides at temporal scales varying from hourly to annually. Individually, the articles provide model practitioners with detailed, model-specific guidance on model calibration, validation, and use. Collectively, the articles in this collection present a consistent framework of information that will facilitate development of a proposed set of ASABE model calibration and validation guidelines. C1 [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Wilson, B. N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Gowda, P. H.] USDA ARS, So Plains Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 NR 50 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1247 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900011 ER PT J AU Knisel, WG Douglas-Mankin, KR AF Knisel, W. G. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. TI CREAMS/GLEAMS: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural management systems; Hydrologic model; Nonpoint-source pollution ID GLEAMS MODEL; SURFACE RUNOFF; SEEPAGE ZONES; SOIL; PREDICTION; FIELD; LOSSES; RZWQM; ADAPT; FLOW AB The Chemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems (CREAMS) model was developed by a multidisciplinary team of research scientists from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The primary purpose of the model was to aid the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) specialists in assessing nonpoint-source pollution from agricultural areas and to compare impacts of alternative management practices. Existing readily modifiable and new components were assembled into afield-scale model. Modelers also were charged with publication of model documentation, validation, and a user manual. Model validation with available data and sensitivity analyses of parameters in the hydrology, erosion, plant nutrient, and pesticide components were essential to demonstrate the model capabilities and effectiveness. Technology transfer to NRCS personnel was necessary to gain acceptance and proper use as well as to identify, weaknesses and areas for needed improvement. Following publication and NRCS acceptance, improvements to CREAMS were made to better represent soil layering, crop rotations, irrigation, soil water routing, and chemical movement, which resulted in the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS) model. Climatic records were increased from a maximum of 20 years to 50 years. The modifications were validated with available data and included in subsequent publications. The user manual gives more comprehensive description of the model parameters and their relative sensitivity. This article describes the historical development of the CREAMS and GLEAMS models with an emphasis on providing model users with an understanding of the degree of model verification and validation that was undertaken during development of these multidisciplinary models. Model calibration is discussed, including sensitive parameters and recommended procedures. Finally, two specific case studies are presented along with brief synopses of numerous case studies that have been used to validate model components. Future users are encouraged to use the model source code to further expand its utility for analyzing the nonpoint-source pollution impacts of agricultural management practices. C1 [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Knisel, W. G.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Douglas-Mankin, KR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 147 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM Krdm@ksu.edu FU USDA-ARS FX CREAMS model development would not have occurred without the funding and personnel assignments by the late T. W. Edminster, USDA-ARS administrator. In addition, the support of ARS national program staff scientists Carl Carlson, Jesse Lunin, and Robby Robinson was instrumental in the successful completion of the CREAMS model. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1291 EP 1302 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900015 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Mulla, DJ Desmond, ED Ward, AD Moriasi, DN AF Gowda, P. H. Mulla, D. J. Desmond, E. D. Ward, A. D. Moriasi, D. N. TI ADAPT: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Nonpoint-source pollution; Subsurface drainage system; Upper Midwest; Water quality; Water table management ID SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; FIELD-SCALE; FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; NITROGEN LOSSES; NITRATE LOSSES; DEPTH; PREDICTION; GROUNDWATER AB This article presents an overview of the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model and a case study to illustrate the calibration and validation steps for predicting subsurface drainage and nitrate-N losses from an agricultural system. The ADAPT model is a daily time step, field-scale water table management model that was developed as an extension of the GLEAMS model. The GLEAMS algorithms were augmented with algorithms for subsurface drainage, subsurface irrigation, deep seepage, and related water quality processes. Recently, a frost depth algorithm was incorporated to enhance the model's capability to predict flow during spring and fall months. In addition to the normal GLEAMS output, ADAPT gives estimates of pesticides and nutrients in drainage. The model has four components: hydrology, erosion, nutrient transport, and pesticide transport. Predictions of surface runoff and subsurface drainage by ADAPT are very sensitive to hydrology input parameters, such as NRCS curve number, hydraulic conductivity, depth of the impeding layer, and hydraulic conductivity of the impeding layer In the erosion component, slope, hydraulic length, and crop management are the most sensitive factors. Nutrients generally follow the trends in surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in soil horizons are sensitive to nutrient losses. Recently, the ADAPT model was further calibrated and validated in southern Minnesota to evaluate impacts of subsurface drain spacing and depth, rate and timing of nitrogen application, and precipitation changes on water quality. ADAPT is written in FORTRAN, and the source code is available to interested model users. Considering the limited technical support and text editor-based input files, development of a user-friendly interface to create input files would greatly enhance ADAPTS acceptability by users involved in modeling agricultural systems equipped with subsurface drains. C1 [Gowda, P. H.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Mulla, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Desmond, E. D.; Ward, A. D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Biol & Agr Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Great Plains Agroclimate & Nat Resources Res Unit, El Reno, OK USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Prasanna.Gowda@ars.usda.gov OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1345 EP 1352 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900019 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Caldwell, TG Cho, J Hardegree, SP AF Flerchinger, G. N. Caldwell, T. G. Cho, J. Hardegree, S. P. TI SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND WATER (SHAW) MODEL: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AMALGAM; Multi-objective parameter optimization; SHAW model; Soil water ID SOIL-WATER; GERMINATION RESPONSE; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; WINTER CONDITIONS; ENERGY-BALANCE; RZ-SHAW; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; MOISTURE AB A discussion of calibration and validation procedures used for the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model is presented Three calibration approaches are presented and compared for simulating soil water content. Approaches included a stepwise local search methodology, trial-and-error calibration, and an automated multi-objective parameter optimization algorithm; the automated algorithm was used to optimize four separate parameter sets with increasing vertical heterogeneity in the soil profile, i.e., considering from one to four soil layers, respectively, within the soil profile. In the stepwise approach, parameters for each soil horizon were individually varied to determine which parameter could minimize the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between measured and simulated soil water content of the top 20 cm. Subsequently, all other parameters were varied while holding constant the parameter that minimized the RMSD in the previous iteration. Iterations continued until the RMSD was minimized For the trial-and-error calibration, plots of simulated and measured soil water content were examined, and soil parameters of each soil horizon or individual soil layers were varied to obtain a better fit and to minimize RMSD of the top 20 cm as well as the top 60 cm. The automated multi-objective parameter optimization algorithm searched throughout a feasible parameter space for parameter combinations that minimized each of several RMSD objective functions, and then effectively minimized the tradeoffs between the objective functions. Variation in simulated daily soil water content between the simulations ranged from 0.018 to 0.026 m(3) m(-3) at the different depths, with more variability between simulations being observed within the top 10 cm. Much of the variability between the calibrated simulations was attributed to the calibrations that assumed uniform properties in the 0-75 cm soil horizon, i.e., the stepwise calibration and the single-layer automated optimization; variation between these and the other simulations ranged as high as 0.030 to 0.043 m(3) m(-3) near the surface. Advantages and disadvantages of the three calibration approaches are discussed C1 [Flerchinger, G. N.; Cho, J.; Hardegree, S. P.] USDA ARS, NWRC, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Caldwell, T. G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWRC, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM gerald.flerchinger@ars.usda.gov RI Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 FU USDA-ARS Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management Program; Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0453] FX We acknowledge support from the USDA-ARS Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management Program. T. G. Caldwell acknowledges partial support from the Army Research Office (No. W911NF-08-1-0453). We thank Jasper Vrugt (University of California-Irvine) for the AMALGAM code and his assistance, and T. Wohling (University of Tubingen) for help parallelizing the code. NR 83 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1395 EP 1411 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900023 ER PT J AU Ma, L Ahuja, LR Nolan, BT Malone, RW Trout, TJ Qi, Z AF Ma, L. Ahuja, L. R. Nolan, B. T. Malone, R. W. Trout, T. J. Qi, Z. TI ROOT ZONE WATER QUALITY MODEL (RZWQM2): MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrological modeling; Modeling; Model validation; Plant growth; RZWQM; Soil water movement ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DOUBLE-CROPPING SYSTEM; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; LONG-TERM; TILE-DRAINAGE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AB The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) has been used widely for simulating agricultural management effects on crop production and soil and water quality. Although it is a one-dimensional model, it has many desirable features for the modeling community This article outlines the principles of calibrating the model component by component with one or more datasets and validating the model with independent datasets. Users should consult the RZWQM2 user manual distributed along with the model and a more detailed protocol on how to calibrate RZWQM2 provided in a book chapter Two case studies (or examples) are included in this article. One is from an irrigated maize study in Colorado to illustrate the use of field and laboratory measured soil hydraulic properties on simulated soil water and crop production. It also demonstrates the interaction between soil and plant parameters in simulated plant responses to water stresses. The other is from a maize-soybean rotation study in Iowa to show a manual calibration of the model for crop yield, soil water, and N leaching in tile-drained soils. Although the commonly used trial-and-error calibration method works well for experienced users, as shown in the second example, an automated calibration procedure is more objective, as shown in the first example. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Parameter Estimation Software (PEST) into RZWQM2 made the calibration of the model more efficient than a grid (ordered) search of model parameters. In addition, PEST provides sensitivity and uncertainty analyses that should help users in selecting the right parameters to calibrate. C1 [Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.; Qi, Z.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Trout, T. J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 111 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1425 EP 1446 PG 22 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900025 ER PT J AU Wang, X Williams, JR Gassman, PW Baffaut, C Izaurralde, RC Jeong, J Kiniry, JR AF Wang, X. Williams, J. R. Gassman, P. W. Baffaut, C. Izaurralde, R. C. Jeong, J. Kiniry, J. R. TI EPIC AND APEX: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE APEX; EPIC; Hydrologic balance; Landscape; Water quality; Watershed; Whole farm ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GRASSED WATERWAYS; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SURFACE RUNOFF; EROSION; SEDIMENT; UNCERTAINTY; QUALITY; SCALE AB The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) and Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) models have been developed to assess a wide variety of agricultural water resource, water quality, and other environmental problems. The EPIC model is designed to be applied at the field scale. APEX is a direct extension of EPIC that can also be applied to fields as well as to more complex multi-subarea landscapes, whole farms, and watersheds. This article describes key model components of EPIC and APEX, including different options for simulating surface runoff evapotranspiration, soil erosion, and other processes. Field-scale calibration and validation procedures are then described for both models, with an emphasis on important calibration parameters and guidance regarding logical sequences of calibration steps. Additional calibration and validation guidance is further provided for applications of APEX at the landscape and watershed scales. Two calibration and validation case studies are presented: one for an EPIC plot study and one for an APEX study of a 35 ha field in north-central Missouri. Research and development needs for both models are also discussed. C1 [Wang, X.; Williams, J. R.; Jeong, J.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Gassman, P. W.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA USA. [Baffaut, C.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Kiniry, J. R.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM swang@brc.tamus.edu NR 102 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 10 U2 68 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1447 EP 1462 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900026 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Frankenberger, JR Ascough, JC AF Flanagan, D. C. Frankenberger, J. R. Ascough, J. C., II TI WEPP: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Erosion by water; Hydrology; Modeling; Soil loss; Validation; Verification; WEPP ID SEDIMENT YIELD PREDICTION; EROSION PREDICTION; WATER EROSION; SOIL-EROSION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY; RUNOFF; RANGELAND; INFILTRATION; PARAMETERS AB The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model is a process-based, continuous simulation, distributed parameter; hydrologic and soil erosion prediction system. It has been developed over the past 25 years to allow for easy application to a large number of land management scenarios. Most general or field agency users of WEPP rely upon existing or special databases and/or interfaces that have been developed, tested, and verified by others. This article describes WEPP model calibration and validation procedures, under ideal situations (where all necessary input data and runoff/sediment observations are available) as well as under more typical and less ideal conditions. Two case study applications of the model from the literature are highlighted and discussed in detail as examples of single storm hillslope profile and continuous simulation watershed applications. Current and future development efforts on WEPP are also described. C1 [Flanagan, D. C.; Frankenberger, J. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Dennis.Flanagan@ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1463 EP 1477 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900027 ER PT J AU Arnold, JG Moriasi, DN Gassman, PW Abbaspour, KC White, MJ Srinivasan, R Santhi, C Harmel, RD van Griensven, A Van Liew, MW Kannan, N Jha, MK AF Arnold, J. G. Moriasi, D. N. Gassman, P. W. Abbaspour, K. C. White, M. J. Srinivasan, R. Santhi, C. Harmel, R. D. van Griensven, A. Van Liew, M. W. Kannan, N. Jha, M. K. TI SWAT: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Autocalibration; Hydrologic model; SWAT; Validation ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE CHANGE; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; QUALITY MODEL; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; CROP YIELD; MULTISITE CALIBRATION AB SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a comprehensive, semi-distributed river basin model that requires a large number of input parameters, which complicates model parameterization and calibration. Several calibration techniques have been developed for SWAT, including manual calibration procedures and automated procedures using the shuffled complex evolution method and other common methods. In addition, SWAT-CUP was recently developed and provides a decision-making framework that incorporates a semi-automated approach (SUF12) using both manual and automated calibration and incorporating sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. In SWAT-CUP, users can manually adjust parameters and ranges iteratively between autocalibration runs. Parameter sensitivity analysis helps focus the calibration and uncertainty analysis and is used to provide statistics for goodness-of-fit. The user interaction or manual component of the SWAT-CUP calibration forces the user to obtain a better understanding of the overall hydrologic processes (e.g., baseflow ratios, ET, sediment sources and sinks, crop yields, and nutrient balances) and of parameter sensitivity. It is important for future calibration developments to spatially account for hydrologic processes; improve model run time efficiency; include the impact of uncertainty in the conceptual model, model parameters, and measured variables used in calibration; and assist users in checking for model errors. When calibrating a physically based model like SWAT, it is important to remember that all model input parameters must be kept within a realistic uncertainty range and that no automatic procedure can substitute for actual physical knowledge of the watershed. C1 [Arnold, J. G.; White, M. J.; Harmel, R. D.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Great Plains Agroclimate & Nat Resources Res Unit, El Reno, OK USA. [Gassman, P. W.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA USA. [Abbaspour, K. C.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX USA. [Santhi, C.; Kannan, N.] Texas Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [van Griensven, A.] UNESCO IHE, Inst Water Educ, Delft, Netherlands. [Van Liew, M. W.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Jha, M. K.] N Carolina A&T, Coll Engn, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jeff.arnold@ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013; van Griensven, Ann/M-4312-2013; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009; OI van Griensven, Ann/0000-0002-2105-6287; Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 NR 145 TC 216 Z9 226 U1 30 U2 146 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1491 EP 1508 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900029 ER PT J AU Goodrich, DC Burns, IS Unkrich, CL Semmens, DJ Guertin, DP Hernandez, M Yatheendradas, S Kennedy, JR Levick, LR AF Goodrich, D. C. Burns, I. S. Unkrich, C. L. Semmens, D. J. Guertin, D. P. Hernandez, M. Yatheendradas, S. Kennedy, J. R. Levick, L. R. TI KINEROS2/AGWA: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Distributed watershed model; Erosion; Kinematic wave; KINEROS; Rainfall-runoff Sediment ID MOUNTAINOUS NORTHERN VIETNAM; TERRAIN-BASED MODEL; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; HYDROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; OVERLAND-FLOW; LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION; INVESTIGATIVE PURPOSES; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; EROSION MODEL; RUNOFF MODEL AB KINEROS (KINematic runoff and EROSion) originated in the 1960s as a distributed event-bused model that conceptualizes a watershed as a cascade of overland flow model elements that flow into trapezoidal channel model elements. KINEROS was one of the first widely available watershed models that interactively coupled a finite difference approximation of the kinematic overland flow equations to a physically based infiltration model. Development and improvement of KINEROS continued from the 1960s on a variety of projects for a range of purposes, which has resulted in a suite of KINEROS-based modeling tools. This article focuses on KINEROS2 (K2), a spatially distributed, event-based watershed rainfall-runoff and erosion model, and the companion ArcGIS-based Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool. AGWA automates the time-consuming tasks of watershed delineation into distributed model elements and initial parameterization of these elements using commonly available, national GIS data layers. A variety of approaches have been used to calibrate and validate K2 successfully across a relatively broad range of applications (e.g., urbanization, pre- and post-fire, hillslope erosion, erosion from roads, runoff and recharge, and manure transport). The case studies presented in this article (1) compare lumped to stepwise calibration and validation of runoff and sediment at plot, hillslope, and small watershed scales; and (2) demonstrate an uncalibrated application to address relative change in watershed response to wildfire. C1 [Goodrich, D. C.; Burns, I. S.; Unkrich, C. L.; Hernandez, M.; Levick, L. R.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Semmens, D. J.; Kennedy, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Guertin, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Sch & Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Yatheendradas, S.] NASA Goddard Hydrol Sci Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Yatheendradas, S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Goodrich, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM Dave.goodrich@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 73 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1561 EP 1574 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900033 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Sundaram, J Puppala, N Settaluri, V AF Kandala, C. V. K. Sundaram, J. Puppala, N. Settaluri, V. TI NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF WHEAT USING A SINGLE CALIBRATION WITH A PARALLEL-PLATE CAPACITANCE SENSOR SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Capacitance; Impedance analyzer; Moisture content; Parallel-plate electrodes; Phase angle; Wheat ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY; KERNELS; DEPENDENCE; PEANUTS; CORN AB A simple, low-cost instrument that measures impedance and phase angle was used along with a parallel-plate capacitance system to estimate the moisture content (MC) of six varieties of wheat. Moisture content of grain is important and is measured at various stages of processing and storage. A sample of about 150 g of wheat was placed separately between a set of parallel plate electrodes, and the impedance and phase angle of the system were measured at frequencies I and 5 MHz. A semi-empirical equation was developed using the measured impedance and phase angle values, the computed capacitance, and the MC values obtained by standard air-oven method. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used for the empirical equation development using statistical software. In the present work, a low-cost impedance analyzer, designed and assembled in our laboratory, was used to measure the impedance and phase angles. MC values of wheat samples in the moisture range of 9% to 25%, not used in the calibration, were predicted by the equations and compared with their standard air-oven values. For over 97% of the samples tested from the six varieties of wheat, the predicted MC values were within 1% of the air-oven values. This method, being nondestructive and rapid, will have considerable application in the drying and storage processes of wheat and similar field crops. C1 [Kandala, C. V. K.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. [Sundaram, J.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Puppala, N.; Settaluri, V.] New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr & Home Econ, Clovis, NM USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. EM Chari.kandala@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1583 EP 1587 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900035 ER PT J AU Waldrip, HM Todd, RW Cole, NA AF Waldrip, H. M. Todd, R. W. Cole, N. A. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AMMONIUM SORPTION BY BEEF CATTLE FEEDYARD MANURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Ammonium; Beef cattle; Feedyard; Manure; Sorption ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; CRUDE PROTEIN; MECHANISTIC MODEL; DAIRY-COWS; WIND-SPEED; EMISSIONS; VOLATILIZATION; ADSORPTION; SOILS; SYSTEMS AB Ammonia (NH3) emissions from beef cattle feedyards represent a loss of agronomically important N and can potentially affect the environment. Sorption of ammonium (NH4+) and NH3 by mineral and otganic solids decreases the proportion of free, aqueous ammoniacal N, which reduces volatilization potential. In the U.S., the High Plains region of Texas is subject to arid conditions with widely fluctuating temperatures. Furthermore, feedyard manure contains little soil and has high dry matter (DM) content; therefore, it is unclear if sorption parameters determined for soils or liquid manure systems are valid for feedyards. Our objectives were to use batch equilibration experiments to characterize NH4+ sorption by two feedyard manures. Kinetic and isotherm studies with (NH4)(2)SO4/0.01 M CaCl2 solutions revealed that feedyard manures could sorb up to 227 cmol kg(-1) NH4+-N and that sorption was rapid and linearly related to NH4+ concentration. The Freundlich partitioning coefficient (K-p) for NH4+ sorption averaged 13.3 L kg(-1). From 58% to 96% of the sorbed NH4+ was readily desorbable with 0.01 M CaCl2, and up to 81% was volatilized as NH3 when manures were air-dried. Temperature influenced sorption, with 112% more NH4+ sorption at 4 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. These results indicate that NH4+ sorption by manure on feedyard surfaces may temporarily reduce NH3 volatilization, particularly during winter. C1 [Waldrip, H. M.; Todd, R. W.; Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Waldrip, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM heidi.waldrip@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA [TS2006-06009] FX This project was partially supported by USDA-NIFA funding to Texas A&M AgriLife Research for the federal special grant project TS2006-06009: "Air quality: Reducing emissions from cattle feedlots and dairies (TX & KS)." NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1609 EP 1619 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900038 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Lan, Y Suh, CP Westbrook, JK Lacey, R Hoffmann, WC AF Zhang, H. Lan, Y. Suh, C. P. Westbrook, J. K. Lacey, R. Hoffmann, W. C. TI DIFFERENTIATION OF COTTON FROM OTHER CROPS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES USING SPECTRAL PROPERTIES AND DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Corn; Cotton; Hyperspectral; Red edge; Reflectance; Sorghum; Soybean ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; RED-EDGE; HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; INDEXES AB The spectral reflectance properties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.)], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] crops during their different growth stages were examined, and spectral data were used to distinguish cotton from other crops. Two field blocks with two different soil types, Belk clay (BaA) and Ships clay (ShA), were set up with cotton, corn, soybean, and sorghum in each block and grown using conventional production practices for the area. Spectral information was collected from all crops at different growth stages from May to July 2009. Reflectance spectra and the first derivative of the spectra were analyzed to characterize the spectral properties of crop types and compare the crops grown in different soil types. The red-edge points of cotton, soybean, and sorghum shifted with the growth stage. Principal component analyses were successful in reducing the dimensionality of the hyperspectral data and identifying significant features from the original data. Most significant wavelengths selected were in the 548-556 nm, 679-682 nm, 756-764 nm, and 928-940 nm regions of the spectrum. Discriminant analysis was able to differentiate cotton from other crop types at four critical growth stages with 100% accuracy of classification for all four observation dates. C1 [Lan, Y.; Suh, C. P.; Westbrook, J. K.; Hoffmann, W. C.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zhang, H.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA USA. [Lacey, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Lan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM yubin.lan@ars.usda.gov FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program; U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB); Cotton Inc. (RCA) [09-597] FX This study was supported in part by grants from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB), and from Cotton Inc. (RCA No. 09-597). The authors express their sincere gratitude to Mr. Mike O'Neil and Mr. Charlie Harris for helping with the ground-based field tests. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1623 EP 1630 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900039 ER PT J AU Bengtsson, J Hartmann, M Unterseher, M Vaishampayan, P Abarenkov, K Durso, L Bik, EM Garey, JR Eriksson, KM Nilsson, RH AF Bengtsson, Johan Hartmann, Martin Unterseher, Martin Vaishampayan, Parag Abarenkov, Kessy Durso, Lisa Bik, Elisabeth M. Garey, James R. Eriksson, K. Martin Nilsson, R. Henrik TI Megraft: a software package to graft ribosomal small subunit (16S/18S) fragments onto full-length sequences for accurate species richness and sequencing depth analysis in pyrosequencing-length metagenomes and similar environmental datasets SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metagenomics; Rarefaction; Species richness analysis; rDNA; 16S; 18S ID RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; QUALITY AB Metagenomic libraries represent subsamples of the total DNA found at a study site and offer unprecedented opportunities to study ecological and functional aspects of microbial communities. To examine the depth of a community sequencing effort, rarefaction analysis of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU/16S/18S) gene in the metagenome is usually performed. The fragmentary, non-overlapping nature of SSU sequences in metagenomic libraries poses a problem for this analysis, however. We introduce a software package - Megraft - that grafts SSU fragments onto full-length SSU sequences, accounting for observed and unobserved variability, for accurate assessment of species richness and sequencing depth in metagenomics endeavors. (c) 2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Bengtsson, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Sahlgrenska Acad, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Bengtsson, Johan; Eriksson, K. Martin; Nilsson, R. Henrik] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hartmann, Martin] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hartmann, Martin] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Unterseher, Martin] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. [Vaishampayan, Parag] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Abarenkov, Kessy] Univ Tartu, Nat Hist Museum, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Durso, Lisa] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Bik, Elisabeth M.] Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Garey, James R.] Univ S Florida, Dept Cell Biol Microbiol & Mol Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Nilsson, R. Henrik] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Bot, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. RP Bengtsson, J (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Sahlgrenska Acad, Medicinaregatan 11,Box 434, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM johan@microbiology.se; martin.hartmann@microbiome.ch; martin.unterseher@uni-greifswald.de; Parag.A.Vaishampayan@jpl.nasa.gov; kessy@ut.ee; Lisa.Durso@ars.usda.gov; eliesbik@stanford.edu; garey@usf.edu; martin.eriksson@bioenv.gu.se; henrik.nilsson@bioenv.gu.se RI Bengtsson-Palme, Johan/K-3871-2012; Eriksson, Karl/D-7811-2015; Abarenkov, Kessy/H-9611-2015; Unterseher, Martin/B-2381-2014; Hartmann, Martin/M-9371-2016; Bik, Elisabeth/A-1204-2007; OI Bengtsson-Palme, Johan/0000-0002-6528-3158; Eriksson, Karl/0000-0001-7437-7175; Abarenkov, Kessy/0000-0001-5526-4845; Hartmann, Martin/0000-0001-8069-5284; Bik, Elisabeth/0000-0001-5477-0324; Nilsson, Henrik/0000-0002-8052-0107 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 163 IS 6-7 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.07.001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 007PU UT WOS:000308901400002 PM 22824070 ER PT J AU Rai, DK Rieder, E AF Rai, Devendra K. Rieder, Elizabeth TI Homology Modeling and Analysis of Structure Predictions of the Bovine Rhinitis B Virus RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aphthovirus; BRBV; homology modeling; 3D(pol) structure predictions ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; SWISS-MODEL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN; RHINOVIRUS; ELECTROSTATICS; ENVIRONMENT; REPOSITORY; COMPLEX; BINDING AB Bovine Rhinitis B Virus (BRBV) is a picornavirus responsible for mild respiratory infection of cattle. It is probably the least characterized among the aphthoviruses. BRBV is the closest relative known to Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) with a similar to 43% identical polyprotein sequence and as much as 67% identical sequence for the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is also known as 3D polymerase (3D(pol)). In the present study we carried out phylogenetic analysis, structure based sequence alignment and prediction of three-dimensional structure of BRBV 3D(pol) using a combination of different computational tools. Model structures of BRBV 3D(pol) were verified for their stereochemical quality and accuracy. The BRBV 3D(pol) structure predicted by SWISS-MODEL exhibited highest scores in terms of stereochemical quality and accuracy, which were in the range of 2 angstrom resolution crystal structures. The active site, nucleic acid binding site and overall structure were observed to be in agreement with the crystal structure of unliganded as well as template/primer (T/P), nucleotide tri-phosphate (NTP) and pyrophosphate (PPi) bound FMDV 3D(pol) (PDB, 1U09 and 2E9Z). The closest proximity of BRBV and FMDV 3D(pol) as compared to human rhinovirus type 16 (HRV-16) and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) 3D(pols) is also substantiated by phylogeny analysis and root-mean square deviation (RMSD) between C-alpha traces of the polymerase structures. The absence of positively charged alpha-helix at C terminal, significant differences in non-covalent interactions especially salt bridges and CH-pi interactions around T/P channel of BRBV 3D(pol) compared to FMDV 3D(pol), indicate that despite a very high homology to FMDV 3D(pol), BRBV 3D(pol) may adopt a different mechanism for handling its substrates and adapting to physiological requirements. Our findings will be valuable in the design of structure-function interventions and identification of molecular targets for drug design applicable to Aphthovirus RdRps. C1 [Rai, Devendra K.; Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM devendra.rai@ars.usda.gov; elizabeth.rieder@ars.usda.gov RI Rai, Devendra/J-3857-2013 OI Rai, Devendra/0000-0001-9035-685X FU Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program; CRIS, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture [1940-32000-057-00D] FX This research was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (appointment of Devendra Rai); by CRIS project no. 1940-32000-057-00D, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (Elizabeth Rieder). We thank Sabena Uddowla for sources of BRBV proteins and for fruitful discussions; Paul Lawrence for critical reading of the manuscript and useful suggestions. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 13 IS 7 BP 8998 EP 9013 DI 10.3390/ijms13078998 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 978QJ UT WOS:000306760000025 PM 22942748 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Tang, CL Huang, XL Li, FF Chen, XM Zhang, G Sun, YF Han, DJ Kang, ZS AF Wang, Xiaojie Tang, Chunlei Huang, Xueling Li, Fangfang Chen, Xianming Zhang, Gang Sun, Yanfei Han, Dejun Kang, Zhensheng TI Wheat BAX inhibitor-1 contributes to wheat resistance to Puccinia striiformis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bax inhibitor1; plantpathogen interactions; plant resistance; Puccinia striiformis; VIGS; wheat ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; F-SP TRITICI; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; STRIPE RUST FUNGUS; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; COMPATIBLE INTERACTION; BLUMERIA-GRAMINIS; POWDERY MILDEW AB BAX inihibitor-1 (BI-1) is proposed to be a cell death suppressor conserved in both animals and plants. The ability of BI-1 genes to inhibit programmed cell death (PCD) has been well studied in animals, but the physiological importance of BI-1 in plantmicrobe interactions remains unclear. This study characterized BI-1 from wheat infected by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). The deduced TaBI-1 protein contained a Bax inhibitor domain and seven transmembrane regions conserved among members of the BI-1 family. Transcription of TaBI-1 was detected in all wheat tissues tested (culms, roots, leaves, anthers, and spikelets). Furthermore, TaBI-1 exhibited positive transcriptional responses to Pst infection and abiotic stresses. Overexpression of TaBI-1 in tobacco blocked Bax-induced cell death. Silencing TaBI-1 in plants of a resistant wheat genotype converted a resistant reaction to a relatively susceptible reaction when inoculated with an avirulent pathotype of the pathogen, and increased the area per infection site, but the percentage of necrotic cells did not change significantly, indicating that TaBI-1, a negative cell death regulator, contributes to wheat resistance to stripe rust. These results provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of wheat resistance to stripe rust. C1 [Wang, Xiaojie; Huang, Xueling; Li, Fangfang; Zhang, Gang; Sun, Yanfei; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaojie; Huang, Xueling; Li, Fangfang; Zhang, Gang; Sun, Yanfei; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Tang, Chunlei] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Han, Dejun] NW A&F Univ, Coll Agron, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 FU Specialized Project of Transgenic Crops of Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011ZX08002-001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30930064, 31000836]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20100204120005]; 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China [B07049]; Fundamental Research Funds for the NWSUF Universities [QN2009030] FX We thank Dr. Steven R. Scofield for providing BSMV vectors and Dr. Jinrong Xu for critical comments. This study was supported by grants from the Specialized Project of Transgenic Crops of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011ZX08002-001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30930064 and 31000836), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20100204120005), the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049), the Fundamental Research Funds for the NWSUF Universities (QN2009030). NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 63 IS 12 BP 4571 EP 4584 DI 10.1093/jxb/ers140 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 992ZM UT WOS:000307821100021 PM 22696283 ER PT J AU He, XH Quinones, B McMahon, S Mandrell, RE AF He, Xiaohua Quinones, Beatriz McMahon, Stephanie Mandrell, Robert E. TI A Single-Step Purification and Molecular Characterization of Functional Shiga Toxin 2 Variants from Pathogenic Escherichia coli SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE cell-free translation assay; cytotoxicity; purification of Shiga toxins; Shiga toxin 2 variants; thermal stability of Shiga toxins ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; RELATIVE TOXICITIES; VIRULENCE FACTORS; EDEMA DISEASE; II VARIANT; STRAINS; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIOPHAGE; HUMANS AB A one-step affinity chromatography method was developed to purify Shiga toxin 2 variants (Stx2) Stx2a, Stx2c, Stx2d and Stx2g from bacterial culture supernatants. Analysis of the purified Stx2 variants by denaturing gel electrophoresis revealed 32 kDa and 7 kDa protein bands, corresponding to the Stx2A- and B-subunits, respectively. However, native gel electrophoresis indicated that purified Stx2c and Stx2d were significantly higher in molecular weight than Stx2a and Stx2g. In a cytotoxicity assay with Hela cells, the 50% cytotoxic dose of Stx2a and Stx2g were 100 pg and 10 pg, respectively, but 1 ng each for Stx2c and Stx2d. Interestingly, analysis of the 50% inhibitory dose in a cell-free translational system from rabbit reticulocyte lysates indicated that Stx2g had a lower capacity to inhibit protein synthesis than the other Stx2 variants. The cytotoxicities in Hela cells were neutralized with an anti-Stx2B antibody and were denatured at 80 degrees C for 1 h. These findings demonstrated that Stx2 variants exhibited different toxicities, holotoxin structure, and stabilities using distinct systems for assessing toxin activities. The development of a simple method for purification of Stx2 variants will enable further studies of Stx2-mediated toxicity in various model systems. C1 [He, Xiaohua; Quinones, Beatriz; McMahon, Stephanie; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP He, XH (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM xiaohua.he@ars.usda.gov; beatriz.quinones@ars.usda.gov; stephanie.mcmahon@ars.usda.gov; robert.mandrell@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Program [NP108]; CRIS [5325-42000-048-00D, 5325-42000-047-00D]; National Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55212-16927, 2007-35212-18239] FX We would like to acknowledge John Mark Carter and Robert Hnasko for their helpful comments and to Michelle S. Swimley for excellent technical assistance. This research was supported by USDA-ARS National Program NP108, CRIS projects 5325-42000-048-00D and 5325-42000-047-00D and supported partially by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no's. 2006-55212-16927 and 2007-35212-18239 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The US Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD JUL PY 2012 VL 4 IS 7 BP 487 EP 504 DI 10.3390/toxins4070487 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 995CD UT WOS:000307983500001 PM 22852065 ER PT J AU Prostko, EP Kemerait, RC Webster, TM AF Prostko, Eric P. Kemerait, Robert C. Webster, Theodore M. TI Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Tifguard Peanut Cultivar Response to Chlorimuron SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop injury; tomato spotted wilt virus ID REGISTRATION; YIELD AB Recent shifts in the peanut cultivars commercially grown have led to a renewed interest in the tolerance of these new cultivars to herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in Georgia from 2008 to 2011 to evaluate the effects of chlorimuron on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and yield of 'Florida-07', 'Georgia-06G', and Tifguard'. Chlorimuron at 9 g ai ha(-1) was applied at 60 to 69, 70 to 79, 90 to 99, and 100 to 109 d after peanut emergence (DAE). TSWV was increased by only 3% when chlorimuron was applied to Tifguard at 60 to 69 DAE. Yields of Florida-07 were not influenced by any timing of chlorimuron. Chlorimuron applied 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and 90 to 99 DAE caused yield reductions when applied to Georgia-06G. Yields of the cultivar Tifguard were reduced when chlorimuron was applied 70 to 79, 90 to 99, and 100 to 109 DAE. Yield losses from chlorimuron ranged from 7 to 11%. C1 [Prostko, Eric P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31973 USA. [Kemerait, Robert C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Prostko, EP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31973 USA. EM eprostko@uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 429 EP 431 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00177.1 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700007 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. TI Possible Causes of Dry Pea Synergy to Corn SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop diversity; crop sequence; crop tolerance to interference; rotation effect ID PRECEDING CROP; PLANT-DISEASE; ROOT-ZONE; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; AGRICULTURE; BENEFITS; SYSTEMS; WHEAT; MYCORRHIZAE AB Dry pea improves corn yield and tolerance to weed interference compared with soybean, spring wheat, or canola as preceding crops. To understand this synergy between dry pea and corn, growth and nutrient concentration of corn were examined following dry pea or soybean in sequence. Each corn plot was split into weed-free and weed-infested subplots, with foxtail millet established at one density to provide uniform weed interference. Compared with soybean, dry pea improved corn grain yield 10% in weed-free conditions and corn tolerance to weed interference more than twofold. Dry pea synergy to corn in weed-free conditions was not related to differences in corn development, height, or nutrient status of corn seedlings. When foxtail millet was present, dry pea increased corn height and rate of development late in the growing season compared with soybean. Improved corn tolerance to weed interference was not related to seedling emergence or growth of foxtail millet, as these parameters did not vary with preceding crop. Other biological factors must be involved in dry pea synergy to corn. C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randy.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 438 EP 442 DI 10.1614/WT-D-12-00001.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700009 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Balkcom, KS Duzy, LM Kelton, JA AF Price, Andrew J. Balkcom, Kip S. Duzy, Leah M. Kelton, Jessica A. TI Herbicide and Cover Crop Residue Integration for Amaranthus Control in Conservation Agriculture Cotton and Implications for Resistance Management SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation tillage; pigweed; resistance management ID 3 WINTER CEREALS; PALMER AMARANTH; WEED SUPPRESSION; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ROLLER-CRIMPER; GLYPHOSATE; RETROFLEXUS; GLUFOSINATE; ACCESSIONS; MULCHES AB Conservation agriculture (CA) practices are threatened by glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Integrated control practices including PRE herbicides and high-residue CA systems can decrease Amaranthus emergence. Field experiments were conducted from autumn 2006 through crop harvest in 2009 at two sites in Alabama to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management practices on Amaranthus population density and biomass, cotton yield, and economics in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Horizontal strips included four CA systems with three cereal rye cover crop seeding dates and a winter fallow (WF) CA system compared to a conventional tillage (CT) system. Additionally, vertical strips of four herbicide regimes consisted of: broadcast, banded, or no PRE applications of S-metolachlor (1.12 kg ai ha(-1)) followed by (fb) glyphosate (1.12 kg ae ha(-1)) applied POST fb layby applications of diuron (1.12 kg ai ha(-1)) plus MSMA (2.24 kg ai ha(-1)) or the LAYBY application alone. Early-season Amaranthus density was reduced in high-residue CA in comparison to the CA WF systems in 2 of 3 yr. Amaranthus densities in herbicide treatments that included a broadcast PRE application were lower at three of five sampling dates compared to banding early-season PRE applications; however, the differences were not significant during the late season and cotton yields were not affected by PRE placement. High-residue conservation tillage yields were 577 to 899 kg ha(-1) more than CT, except at one site in 1 yr when CT treatment yields were higher. CA utilizing high-residue cover crops increased net returns over CT by $100 ha(-1) or more 2 out of 3 yr at both locations. High-residue cover crop integration into a CA system reduced Amaranthus density and increased yield over WF systems; the inclusion of a broadcast PRE. application can increase early-season Amaranthies control and might provide additional control when glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus populations are present. C1 [Price, Andrew J.; Balkcom, Kip S.; Duzy, Leah M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Kelton, Jessica A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM andrew.price@ars.usda.gov FU Alabama Famer's Federation Cotton Commission FX We wish to thank Mr. Trent Morton, USDA ARS NSDL, and the station personnel at the E. V. Smith and Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Centers for their technical assistance in this study. This work was partially supported by the Alabama Famer's Federation Cotton Commission. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00127.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700018 ER PT J AU Grichar, WJ Lloyd-Reilley, J Rahmes, J Ocumpaugh, WR Foster, JL AF Grichar, W. James Lloyd-Reilley, John Rahmes, Jeff Ocumpaugh, W. R. Foster, Jamie L. TI Safening of Native Grass to Herbicides by Using Carbon Bands SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Native grass tolerance; weed management ID PEANUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; VOLUNTEER LEGUME CONTROL; WEED-CONTROL; SEED CROPS; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS; ACTIVATED CARBON; AC 263,222; IMAZETHAPYR; CLORANSULAM AB Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a carbon band to provide a "safe zone" for seedling emergence and growth of three native grass species. 'KIKA677' streambed bristlegrass germplasm, 'Alamo' switchgrass, and 'Waelder' shortspike windmillgrass germplasm were used in combination with several PRE- and POST-applied herbicides including cloransularn, flumioxazin, imazapic, imazethapyr, and 2,4-D. In a greenhouse experiment, switchgrass emergence was improved when a carbon band was used with imazapic or imazethapyr at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ai ha(-1) or 2,4-D at 2.12 kg ae ha(-1). Windmillgrass emergence was improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.05 and 0.1 kg ai ha(-1), imazapic at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ha(-1), imazethapyr at 0.07 kg ha(-1), and 2,4-D at 1.06 kg ha(-1), whereas bristlegrass emergence was improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.1 kg ai ha(-1), imazapic at both rates, and imazethapyr at 0.04 kg ha(-1). Field studies indicated that flumioxazin at 0.05 and 0.1 kg ha(-1), imazapic at 0.04 kg ha(-1), and imazethapyr at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ha(-1), were safened for bristlegrass and switchgrass emergence when used with carbon. Windmillgrass emergence and growth were improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.1 kg ha(-1). C1 [Grichar, W. James; Rahmes, Jeff; Ocumpaugh, W. R.; Foster, Jamie L.] Texas AgriLife Res, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. [Lloyd-Reilley, John] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Kika de la Garza Plant Mat Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Grichar, WJ (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. EM w-grichar@tamu.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00147.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700019 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Yan, WG AF Gealy, David R. Yan, WenGui TI Weed Suppression Potential of 'Rondo' and Other Indica Rice Germplasm Lines SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop-weed interference; competition; indica rice ID ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; ORYZA-SATIVA; SEEDED RICE; UPLAND RICE; BARNYARDGRASS; REGISTRATION; MANAGEMENT; COMPETITIVENESS; DISCRIMINATION; CULTIVARS AB Research was conducted to evaluate the weed suppression potential of 'Rondo' (4484-1693; PI 657830), a sister line (4484-1665), and other indica rice lines against barnyardgrass in field plots in Stuttgart, AR, using minimal herbicide inputs in two separate 3-yr experiments. Under weed pressure, Rondo and the sister line (4484-1665) generally produced yields that were comparable to those of weed-suppressive indica standards and approximately 50% greater than those of the least-suppressive commercial cultivars, such as 'Kaybonnee, 'Katy', and 'Lemont'. Rice yield under weed pressure was correlated with weed-free yield and harvest height. Indica lines tended to produce more tillers than did the commercial cultivars. Tillering potential under weed-free conditions was not correlated with weed suppression or yield loss; however, tillering under weed pressure was strongly correlated with weed suppression and biomass, and yield and yield loss under the weed densities in these experiments. Rondo is presently being used for commercial organic rice production in Texas, in part due to its high yield potential and ability to suppress or tolerate rice pests, including weeds. Our results suggest that the weed-suppressive ability of Rondo and the other indica lines evaluated in these experiments is superior to that of many commercial cultivars. C1 [Gealy, David R.; Yan, WenGui] USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM david.gealy@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00141.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700022 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, TJ Glenn, DM AF Tworkoski, Thomas J. Glenn, D. Michael TI Weed Suppression by Grasses for Orchard Floor Management SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apple; competition; ground cover; reduced herbicide; peach ID YOUNG PEACH-TREES; SOIL-MANAGEMENT; ROOT-GROWTH; COMPETITION; RESPONSES; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; VIRUS; CROPS; YIELD AB Fruit trees in orchards of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States are often planted in vegetation-free rows alternating with grass alleys. Grass managed to suppress weeds but to compete minimally with fruit trees may be an alternative to herbicide and tillage. This research was conducted in the greenhouse and field to assess five different grasses that may suppress weeds without reducing yield of fruit trees. In the greenhouse with high seeding rates, red fescue competed more effectively than did chewings fescue, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass with three weeds (damesrocket, cornflower, and chicory). However, with reduced seeding rates, similar to rates used in the field, grass competitiveness with weeds was similar between red fescue, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass. Similar results were obtained during a 4-yr field experiment; roughstalk bluegrass competed least effectively with weeds but the other four grasses provided similar weed suppression-generally providing as much weed suppression as traditional herbicides. None of the candidate grasses significantly reduced yields of 10-yr-old apple and peach trees, although fruit size was affected by some grasses. The grass that was least suppressive of yield, roughstalk bluegrass, was the least effective in controlling weeds. Annual mowing in combination with four of the grasses tested is one option to manage the orchard floor with reduced herbicides, but fruit size may decrease. C1 [Tworkoski, Thomas J.; Glenn, D. Michael] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tom.tworkoski@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank Anthony Rugh, Jeremy Glassford, Josh Ott, and George Vass for technical assistance. We also thank John Phillips for advice on the statistical analysis. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 38 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00044.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700029 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Papiernik, SK Gesch, RW AF Forcella, Frank Papiernik, Sharon K. Gesch, Russ W. TI Postemergence Herbicides for Calendula SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calendic acid; drying oil; herbicide injury; industrial crop; oilseed; tolerance ID OFFICINALIS; INDUSTRIAL; CROP AB Calendula is an alternative oilseed crop whose seed oil is valued as a substitute for tung oil and a replacement for petroleum-based volatile organic compounds in paints and other coatings. Calendula tolerances to most POST-applied herbicides are unknown. Two POST-applied herbicides were tested for tolerance by calendula. Imazamethabenz at 0.44 kg ai ha(-1) plus surfactant and desmedipham plus phenmedipham at 0.36 + 0.36 kg ai ha(-1) were tolerated by calendula, but the latter herbicide must be applied after the four-leaf-pair stage of growth to avoid severe injury. Neither herbicide adversely affected calendula seed yield if applied at the four-leaf-pair stage. Because these herbicides can control several weed species, calendula tolerance to them may encourage more growers and crop advisors to test this new oilseed crop on commercial farms. C1 [Forcella, Frank] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM frank.forcella@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 566 EP 569 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00133.1 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700030 ER PT J AU Price, WJ Shafii, B Seefeldt, SS AF Price, William J. Shafii, Bahman Seefeldt, Steven S. TI Estimation of Dose-Response Models for Discrete and Continuous Data in Weed Science SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative model estimation; bioassay; maximum likelihood; nonlinear models; treatment comparison ID BIOASSAY AB Dose response analysis is widely used in biological sciences and has application to a variety of risk assessment, bioassay, and calibration problems. In weed science, dose response methodologies have typically relied on least squares estimation under the assumptions of normal, homoscedastic, and independent errors. Advances in computational abilities and available software, however, have given researchers more flexibility and choices for data analysis when these assumptions are not appropriate. This article will explore these techniques and demonstrate their use to provide researchers with an up-to-date set of tools necessary for analysis of dose response problems. Demonstrations of the techniques are provided using a variety of data examples from weed science. C1 [Price, William J.; Shafii, Bahman] Univ Idaho, Stat Programs, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Seefeldt, Steven S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Shafii, B (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Stat Programs, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM bshafii@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 587 EP 601 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00101.1 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 994II UT WOS:000307923700035 ER PT J AU Byler, RK Delhom, CD AF Byler, R. K. Delhom, C. D. TI COMPARISON OF SAW GINNING AND HIGH-SPEED ROLLER GINNING WITH DIFFERENT LINT CLEANERS OF MID-SOUTH GROWN COTTON SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE AFIS; Cotton; Gin; HVI; Lint cleaner; Roller; Saw ID UPLAND COTTON; GIN STAND; KNIFE AB Four cotton cultivars were ginned with a saw gin equipment line and also with a high-speed roller-gin line. The saw gin line using an air-jet and controlled-batt saw-type lint cleaner was compared to the high-speed roller-gin line including one of three designs of lint cleaner; either of two versions of an experimental lint cleaner, of a basic design not used with commercial roller ginning, one design with a lint reclaimer and the other without the lint reclaimer or a commercially available mill-type lint cleaner The high-speed roller-gin processed the seed cotton at the same rate as the saw gin stand per m of machine width; however, the roller-gin stand is narrower than the saw gin stand. The roller-gin line produced lint with better fiber length properties than the saw gin line. The roller-gin stand did less damage to the fiber than the saw gin stand and each of the three lint cleaners following the roller gin stand did less damage to the lint than the controlled-batt saw-type lint cleaner Fewer neps were created in the roller-gin line than the saw gin line. The experimental lint cleaner did not remove as much non-lint material as the traditional controlled-batt lint cleaner but the measurements of the negative effects of the experimental lint cleaner were significantly lower than for the controlled-batt lint cleaner The mill-type cleaner removed even less material but added still fewer neps than the experimental lint cleaner and did little damage to the lint. The fiber processed with the lint cleaner with the reclaimer had lower quality than the fiber processed with the same lint cleaner without the reclaimer; also, the lint cleaner with the reclaimer removed nearly as much material as without the reclaimer Therefore, the reclaimer will not be included in further testing. C1 [Byler, R. K.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Delhom, C. D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Rick.byler@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700001 ER PT J AU Funk, P Hardin, RG AF Funk, P. Hardin, R. G. TI COTTON GIN ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE TRENDS AND 2009 AUDIT RESULTS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton ginning; Energy conservation; Energy consumption ID SEED COTTON AB Cotton gin energy costs have risen more than other operating costs. Energy audits were conducted in 20 U.S. cotton gins representing a range of capacities in six states. The average participating saw gin used 39.5 kWh to process a bale. The average roller gin used 62.6 kWh. Gins have become larger, from a connected power of 570 kW (764 hp) in 1962 to over 2237 kW (3000 hp) today Energy costs are a larger proportion, 20% of the total cost of ginning, compared to 6% to 10% of the total in the 1970s, even though energy consumed per bale processed is less, approximately 73% of the electricity consumed in 1982. Connected power and energy consumption were allocated to five categories: seed cotton cleaning, ginning, lint cleaning, bale packaging, and materials handling. Materials handling accounted for the largest portion, over half of the electricity consumed by a gin, as it has since the 1960s. Since the 1980s, the power and energy allocated to ginning has decreased slightly, and that allocated to lint cleaning has decreased significantly. Best practices still include: operating at full capacity, avoiding down time, minimizing materials handling, and improving electric motor efficiency. C1 [Funk, P.] SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. [Hardin, R. G.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Funk, P (reprint author), SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM pfunk@nmsu.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700004 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Iversen, WM Evans, RG AF Jabro, J. D. Iversen, W. M. Evans, R. G. TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ACCURACY OF PASSIVE CAPILLARY SAMPLERS (PCAPs) FOR ESTIMATING REAL-TIME DRAINAGE WATER FLUXES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation; Drainage; Lysimeter; Performance; Vadose zone ID ZERO-TENSION PAN; VADOSE ZONE; FIBERGLASS WICKS; PORE-WATER; COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FIELD AB Successful monitoring of pollutant transport through the soil profile requires accurate, reliable, and appropriate instrumentation to measure amount of drainage water or flux within the vadose layer. We evaluated the performance and accuracy of automated passive capillary wick samplers (PCAPs) for their ability to monitor and estimate real-time drainage water fluxes by comparing amounts of drainage recorded by the datalogger from the tipping buckets with manually collected drainage amounts. Drainage water fluxes were online estimated and manually collected below the rootzone of a sugarbeet-potato-barley using five years of data. Twelve automated PCAPs with outside sampling surface dimensions of 91 x 31 x 87 cm were placed 90 cm below the soil surface in a Lihen sandy loam. Drainage water amounts recorded by the datalogger from the tipping bucket were compared with manually collected drainage water amounts using several statistical methods. The relative root mean square values (RRMSE) were 81%, 49%, 16%, 58%, 72%, and 62% and logging efficiency (EF) values were 0.889, 0.914, 0.975, 0.885, 0.901, and 0.907 for 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 5-yr combined, respectively. Overall, statistical results indicated that our automated PCAP samplers performed well and were accurately able to continuously monitor and estimate drainage water fluxes below the rootzone of a cropping system in the vadose layer without the need for costly and time-consuming supportive. sampling methods. Slight variations between the logged and collected drainage water amounts may have resulted from human sampling error, reproducibility and mechanical operational problems with the PCAP assembly. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Iversen, W. M.; Evans, R. G.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 537 EP 542 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700007 ER PT J AU Porter, D Gowda, P Marek, T Howell, T Moorhead, J Irmak, S AF Porter, D. Gowda, P. Marek, T. Howell, T. Moorhead, J. Irmak, S. TI SENSITIVITY OF GRASS- AND ALFALFA-REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION TO WEATHER STATION SENSOR ACCURACY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sensitivity analysis; Weather data; Weather stations ID MONTEITH REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CLIMATIC VARIABLES; IMPACTS AB A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative effects of measurement errors in climate data input parameters on the accuracy of calculated reference crop evapotranspiration (ET) using the ASCE-EWRI Standardized Reference ET Equation. Data for the period of 1995 to 2008 from an automated weather station located at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, Texas were used for the analysis. Results indicated that grass (ETos) and alfalfa (ETrs) reference crop ET were most sensitive to measurement errors in wind speed and air temperature followed by incoming shortwave (solar) radiation, and that data sensitivity was greater during the mid-summer growing season in this semi-arid region. Given the highly advective conditions of the Texas High Plains and the relative sensitivity of ET calculations to errors in wind speed, special care is recommended in siting, sensor placement, and sensor maintenance for agriculturally-based ET weather stations. C1 [Porter, D.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Serv, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Porter, D.] Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Lubbock, TX USA. [Gowda, P.; Howell, T.; Moorhead, J.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Marek, T.] Texas AgriLifc Res, Amarillo, TX USA. [Irmak, S.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Marek, T.] N Res Field, Etter, TX USA. RP Porter, D (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Serv, 1102 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM d-porter@tamu.edu FU USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program; Texas Water Development Board Agricultural Water Conservation Grant Program [0903580000] FX This project was supported in part through the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program and Texas Water Development Board Agricultural Water Conservation Grant Program Contract No. 0903580000. Data were provided by the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory and the Texas High Plains Evapotranspiration Network. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 543 EP 549 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700008 ER PT J AU Armstrong, PR Tallada, JG AF Armstrong, P. R. Tallada, J. G. TI PREDICTION OF KERNEL DENSITY OF CORN USING SINGLE-KERNEL NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Corn hardness; Kernel density; NIRS; Partial least squares regression ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; HARDNESS; MAIZE; CLASSIFICATION; GRAIN AB Corn hardness is an important property for dry and wet-millers, food processors, and corn breeders developing hybrids for specific markets. Of the several methods used to measure hardness, kernel density measurements are one of the more repeatable methods to quantify, hardness. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides an attractive method to measure kernel density as it can also measure other compositional attributes. Some commercial instruments do measure density of bulk samples. Single-seed NIRS, however, may provide additional information and capabilities by measuring density of individual kernels. This has potential applications for breeders or quality control wishing to look at variance within a sample and for sorting. This study examined the accuracy of NIRS to predict density from single seeds of corn. Absorbance spectra (904 to 1685 nm) were collected on single seeds from 67 food hybrids and 40 commodity hybrids. Moisture adjusted density measurements, using 12-g samples, were made using a gas pycnometer and used as the reference method in the development of the prediction equation. The best prediction model developed from partial least squares regression between averaged spectra and density values had a standard error of cross (SEC V) validation of 0.018, coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.79 and the ratio of the standard deviation to the standard error for the cross-validation model (RPD) of 2.1. Predictions for a validation set of 35 samples yielded a standard error of prediction (SEP) equal to 0.016, R-2 = 0.76 and the ratio of the standard deviation to the standard error for the cross-validation model (RPD) = 1.9. Other models developed using different spectral pretreatments yielded very similar statistics. Ten samples were subsequently sorted into low, medium, and high density fractions based on spectroscopic predictions. Pycnometer measurements on the fractions verified they were correctly sorted by density and are correlated to starch content (r = 0.42) and oil content (r = -0.39). C1 [Armstrong, P. R.; Tallada, J. G.] USDA ARS, EWERU, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, EWERU, CGAHR, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paul.armstrong@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700011 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Gamble, G Thibodeaux, D AF Liu, Y. Gamble, G. Thibodeaux, D. TI PREDICTING COTTON STELOMETER FIBER STRENGTH BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton fiber strength; Cotton quality; HVI strength; IR spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; Stelometer strength ID CELL-WALL; CELLULOSE; MATURITY; INDEXES AB The strength of cotton fibers is one of several important end-use characteristics. In routine programs, it has been mostly assessed by automation-oriented high volume instrument (HVI) system. An alternative method for cotton strength is near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Although previous NIR models have been promising in the prediction of HVI strength, in the latest research we have reported a much improved NIR model for HVI strength with a proposal of applying the pre-screening procedure to determine appropriate calibration samples. As a different and complementary approach, the present study was involved with partial least squares (PLS) analysis on mid-infrared (IR) spectra and cotton Stelometer strength. The model performance from the 1800 to 800 cm(-1) IR region was nearly equivalent to that from the full 3600 to 600 cm(-1) region. Considering the heterogeneous distribution of strength in native fibers and different sampling spotsbetween IR spectral and reference measurement, a 90% confidence interval was applied to exclude outlier samples from the calibration and validation sets. The recalibrated model revealed the feasibility of the IR technique for the quantitative determination of cotton Stelometer strength. Of most interest is that the capability of IR model for Stelometer strength is in good agreement with the NIR model for HVI strength. C1 [Liu, Y.] USDA ARS, Cotton Struct & Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Gamble, G.] USDA ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Struct & Qual Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 585 EP 591 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700013 ER PT J AU Casanova, JJ Evett, SR Schwartz, RC AF Casanova, J. J. Evett, S. R. Schwartz, R. C. TI DESIGN AND FIELD TESTS OF AN ACCESS-TUBE SOIL WATER SENSOR SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Dielectric; Neutron probe; Soil water; Time domain reflectometry ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; BULK ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; NEUTRON PROBE; CALIBRATION; FREQUENCY; ACCURACY; MODEL AB Accurate soil profile water content monitoring at multiple depths has heretofore been possible only using the neutron probe (NP) but with great effort and at infrequent time intervals. Despite the existence of several frequency domain electromagnetic (EM) sensor systems for profile water content measurements, accuracy and spatial representativeness has been precluded by fundamental problems related to soil conductivity and structure effects on the volume explored by the EM field of these sensors, which causes nonrealistic spatial variation in reported profile water contents. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) methods have the distinct advantage of employing a moving EM field that must pass through and be affected by both the drier and wetter soil structures in which the TDR electrodes are embedded. This article describes a profiling water content system based on TDR. The design, laboratory calibration, and field testing is detailed. The sensor system provides unattended, real-time, data acquisition. And, it can be installed without disturbing the soil around the access tube on the outside of which the TDR electrodes are embedded. The correlation coefficient between neutron probe and TDR measured soil water content was 0.94 with a slope of 1.40 and an intercept of -0.08 m(3) m(-3). Bias between TDR and NP readings (TDR-NP) was positive at all depths below 10 cm, ranging from 0.021 and 0.096 m(3) m(-3). Uncertainty in data of similar to 0.012 m(3) m(-3) for soil water and uncertainty in bulk electrical conductivity of 0.030 S m(-1) (both partly due to unreliable mechanical electrical connections) shows that improvements must be made before such a system is acceptable for widespread use. C1 [Casanova, J. J.; Evett, S. R.; Schwartz, R. C.] USDA ARS, CPRL, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Casanova, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, CPRL, 2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM joaquin.casanova@ars.usda.gov FU Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. Brice Ruthardt for help in probe construction. This research was supported by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 603 EP 610 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700015 ER PT J AU Digman, MF Conley, SP Lauer, JG AF Digman, M. F. Conley, S. P. Lauer, J. G. TI EVALUATION OF A MICROWAVE RESONATOR FOR PREDICTING GRAIN MOISTURE INDEPENDENT OF BULK DENSITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Soybean; Glycine max L.; Merr; Corn; Zea mays L.; Microwaves; Microwave moisture sensor; Dielectric constant; Permittivity; Bulk density; Moisture content; Attenuation; Frequency shift; Bandwidth shift AB This work evaluated the utility of a planar resonator to predict moisture considering moisture and densities expected in an on-harvester application. A calibration model was developed to accurately predict moisture over the moisture, density, and temperature ranges evaluated. This model, comprised of bandwidth and center frequency of a resonance peak at 2.38 GHz, predicted moisture content compared to oven moisture reference data with an r(2) of 0.996 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.32. When bulk density was added to the moisture prediction model, no statistically significant improvement was obtained. C1 [Digman, M. F.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Conley, S. P.; Lauer, J. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Digman, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM matthew.digman@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 611 EP 617 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 992RZ UT WOS:000307798700016 ER PT J AU Brown, TC Froemke, P AF Brown, Thomas C. Froemke, Pamela TI Improved Measures of Atmospheric Deposition Have a Negligible Effect on Multivariate Measures of Risk of Water-Quality Impairment: Response from Brown and Froemke SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Brown, Thomas C.; Froemke, Pamela] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM thomas.brown@colostate.edu; pfroemke@fsfed.us NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7 BP 621 EP 622 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.7.19 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 976KR UT WOS:000306584000003 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Bytnerowicz, A Liptzin, D AF Fenn, Mark E. Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Liptzin, Daniel TI Nationwide Maps of Atmospheric Deposition Are Highly Skewed When Based Solely on Wet Deposition SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Fenn, Mark E.; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. [Liptzin, Daniel] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. EM mfenn@fsfed.us NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7 BP 621 EP 621 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.7.18 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 976KR UT WOS:000306584000002 ER PT J AU Gustafsson, L Baker, SC Bauhus, J Beese, WJ Brodie, A Kouki, J Lindenmayer, DB Lohmus, A Pastur, GM Messier, C Neyland, M Palik, B Sverdrup-Thygeson, A Volney, WJA Wayne, A Franklin, JF AF Gustafsson, Lena Baker, Susan C. Bauhus, Juergen Beese, William J. Brodie, Angus Kouki, Jari Lindenmayer, David B. Lohmus, Asko Martinez Pastur, Guillermo Messier, Christian Neyland, Mark Palik, Brian Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne Volney, W. Jan A. Wayne, Adrian Franklin, Jerry F. TI Retention Forestry to Maintain Multifunctional Forests: A World Perspective SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecology; conservation; forestry ID GREEN-TREE RETENTION; VARIABLE-RETENTION; BOREAL FORESTS; WET FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; BIODIVERSITY; SILVICULTURE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB The majority of the world's forests are used for multiple purposes, which often include the potentially conflicting goals of timber production and biodiversity conservation. A scientifically validated management approach that can reduce such conflicts is retention forestry, an approach modeled on natural processes, which emerged in the last 25 years as an alternative to clearcutting. A portion of the original stand is left unlogged to maintain the continuity of structural and compositional diversity. We detail retention forestry's ecological role, review its current practices, and summarize the large research base on the subject. Retention forestry is applicable to all forest biomes, complements conservation in reserves, and represents bottom-up conservation through forest manager involvement. A research challenge is to identify thresholds for retention amounts to achieve desired outcomes. We define key issues for future development and link retention forestry with land-zoning allocation at various scales, expanding its uses to forest restoration and the management of uneven-age forests. C1 [Gustafsson, Lena] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Baker, Susan C.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bauhus, Juergen] Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [Beese, William J.] Vancouver Isl Univ, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Brodie, Angus] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA USA. [Kouki, Jari] Univ Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland. [Lindenmayer, David B.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Lohmus, Asko] Univ Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. [Messier, Christian] Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Neyland, Mark] Forestry Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, As, Norway. [Wayne, Adrian] Western Australia Dept Environm & Conservat, Manjimup, WA, Australia. [Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gustafsson, L (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. EM lena.gustafsson@slu.se RI Baker, Susan/F-9307-2011; Kouki, Jari/B-6241-2008; Bauhus, Jurgen/G-4449-2013; OI Baker, Susan/0000-0002-7593-0267; Bauhus, Jurgen/0000-0002-9673-4986; Neyland, Mark/0000-0002-9755-9438; Martinez Pastur, Guillermo/0000-0002-7369-0423; Martinez Pastur, Guillermo/0000-0003-2614-5403 FU Future Forests, a multidisciplinary research program; Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research; Swedish Forestry Industry; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umea University; Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk); Swedish Research Council Formas through the Smart Tree Retention research program [215-2009-569] FX This article was prepared during a workshop on retention forestry in Sweden in May 2011. The work was funded through Future Forests, a multidisciplinary research program supported by the Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, the Swedish Forestry Industry, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea University, and the Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk). The Swedish Research Council Formas also gave economic support through the Smart Tree Retention research program (grant no. 215-2009-569 to LG). Anders Esselin and Berrit Kiehl facilitated the workshop, and Berrit Kiehl also drew the figures. Lilian Blanc, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Manuel Guariguata, Benjamin Jarvis, Neville Kemp, Robert Nasi, Robert Ong, Michelle Pinard, John Poulsen, Janis Priednieks, Margareta Rehnstrom, Douglas Sheil, and Darius Stoncius are thanked for advice on what material to include. We thank three anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions. NR 64 TC 178 Z9 184 U1 16 U2 185 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7 BP 633 EP 645 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.7.6 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 976KR UT WOS:000306584000008 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Katselis, GS Moore, RE Lekpor, K Goto, RM Hunt, HD Lee, TD Miller, MM AF Zhang, Lei Katselis, George S. Moore, Roger E. Lekpor, Kossi Goto, Ronald M. Hunt, Henry D. Lee, Terry D. Miller, Marcia M. TI MHC class I target recognition, immunophenotypes and proteomic profiles of natural killer cells within the spleens of day-14 chick embryos SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chicken; Natural killer cells; Immunophenotyping; MHC class I ligands; Proteomics; Monocytes ID LEUKOCYTE RECEPTOR COMPLEX; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; LARGE GENE LISTS; HUMAN NK CELLS; T-CELLS; B-NK; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; EFFECTOR-CELLS; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN AB Chicken natural killer (NK) cells are not well defined, so little is known about the molecular interactions controlling their activity. At day 14 of embryonic development, chick spleens are a rich source of T-cell-free CD8 alpha alpha(+), CD3(-) cells with natural killing activity. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays revealed complex NK cell discrimination of MHC class I, suggesting the presence of multiple NK cell receptors. Immunophenotyping of freshly isolated and recombinant chicken interleukin-2-stimulated d14E CD8 alpha alpha(+) CD3(-) splenocytes provided further evidence for population heterogeneity. Complex patterns of expression were found for CD8 alpha, chB6 (Bu-1), CD1-1, CD56 (NCAM), KUL01, CD5, and CD44. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed an array of NK cell proteins, including the NKR2B4 receptor. DAVID and KEGG analyses and additional immunophenotyping revealed NK cell activation pathways and evidence for monocytes within the splenocyte cultures. This study provides an underpinning for further investigation into the specificity and function of NK cells in birds. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Lei; Goto, Ronald M.; Miller, Marcia M.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Katselis, George S.; Moore, Roger E.; Lekpor, Kossi; Lee, Terry D.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Immunol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Hunt, Henry D.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. EM mamiller@coh.org FU National Science Foundation [MCB-05-24167]; National Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-65119-05676] FX The authors are grateful to Janet Fulton (Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA) for arranging delivery of uniformly high quality fertile eggs on a weekly basis. We thank Christopher C. Dascher for mAb NL1-1.A1 and Thomas W. Gobel for mAb 8A11 and the rChIL2 plasmid. We also thank Christian Ravnsborg and Katianna Pihakari for access to Protein Center, Jack Shively for access to the BD FACSCanto II, and Kelly Walker for proofreading this manuscript. This project was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant MCB-05-24167 and the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2009-65119-05676 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 446 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2012.03.007 PG 11 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 980KG UT WOS:000306891500015 PM 22446732 ER PT J AU Collins-Silva, J Nural, AT Skaggs, A Scott, D Hathwaik, U Woolsey, R Schegg, K McMahan, C Whalen, M Cornish, K Shintani, D AF Collins-Silva, Jillian Nural, Aise Taban Skaggs, Amanda Scott, Deborah Hathwaik, Upul Woolsey, Rebekah Schegg, Kathleen McMahan, Colleen Whalen, Maureen Cornish, Katrina Shintani, David TI Altered levels of the Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion) small rubber particle protein, TkSRPP3, result in qualitative and quantitative changes in rubber metabolism SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Russian dandelion; Taraxacum kok-saghyz; Rubber; Asteraceae; Small rubber particle protein; Rubber transferase ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; HEV B 3; NATURAL-RUBBER; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; TRANSFERASE-ACTIVITY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ALTERNATIVE SOURCES; LATEX COAGULATION; ELONGATION-FACTOR AB Several proteins have been identified and implicated in natural rubber biosynthesis, one of which, the small rubber particle protein (SRPP), was originally identified in Hevea brasiliensis as an abundant protein associated with cytosolic vesicles known as rubber particles. While previous in vitro studies suggest that SRPP plays a role in rubber biosynthesis, in vivo evidence is lacking to support this hypothesis. To address this issue, a transgene approach was taken in Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion or Tk) to determine if altered SRPP levels would influence rubber biosynthesis. Three dandelion SRPPs were found to be highly abundant on dandelion rubber particles. The most abundant particle associated SRPP, TkSRPP3, showed temporal and spatial patterns of expression consistent with patterns of natural rubber accumulation in dandelion. To confirm its role in rubber biosynthesis, TkSRPP3 expression was altered in Russian dandelion using over-expression and RNAi methods. While TkSRPP3 over-expressing lines had slightly higher levels of rubber in their roots, relative to the control, TkSRPP3 RNAi lines showed significant decreases in root rubber content and produced dramatically lower molecular weight rubber than the control line. Not only do results here provide in vivo evidence of TkSRPP proteins affecting the amount of rubber in dandelion root, but they also suggest a function in regulating the molecular weight of the cis-1, 4-polyisoprene polymer. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Collins-Silva, Jillian; Nural, Aise Taban; Skaggs, Amanda; Hathwaik, Upul; Shintani, David] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Woolsey, Rebekah; Schegg, Kathleen] Univ Nevada, Nevada Prote Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Scott, Deborah; McMahan, Colleen; Whalen, Maureen] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Cornish, Katrina] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Cornish, Katrina] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Shintani, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM shintani@unr.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-03211690]; Nevada Agricultural Experimental Station; NIH IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) [RR-03-008] FX This work was supported by funding from The National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-03211690), the Nevada Agricultural Experimental Station and the NIH IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE, RR-03-008). NR 53 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2012 VL 79 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.015 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 982GT UT WOS:000307031800004 PM 22609069 ER PT J AU Ponciano, G McMahan, CM Xie, WS Lazo, GR Coffelt, TA Collins-Silva, J Nural-Taban, A Gollery, M Shintani, DK Whalen, MC AF Ponciano, Grisel McMahan, Colleen M. Xie, Wenshuang Lazo, Gerard R. Coffelt, Terry A. Collins-Silva, Jillian Nural-Taban, Aise Gollery, Martin Shintani, David K. Whalen, Maureen C. TI Transcriptome and gene expression analysis in cold-acclimated guayule (Parthenium argentatum) rubber-producing tissue SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Parthenium argentatum; Guayule; Transcriptome; Natural rubber; Rubber transferase activity; Gene expression ID 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA SYNTHASE GENE; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN; ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; NATURAL-RUBBER; TRANSFERASE-ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; CIS-PRENYLTRANSFERASES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NIGHT TEMPERATURE AB Natural rubber biosynthesis in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is associated with moderately cold night temperatures. To begin to dissect the molecular events triggered by cold temperatures that govern rubber synthesis induction in guayule, the transcriptome of bark tissue, where rubber is produced, was investigated. A total of 11,748 quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. The vast majority of ESTs encoded proteins that are similar to stress-related proteins, whereas those encoding rubber biosynthesis-related proteins comprised just over one percent of the ESTs. Sequence information derived from the ESTs was used to design primers for quantitative analysis of the expression of genes that encode selected enzymes and proteins with potential impact on rubber biosynthesis in field-grown guayule plants, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene synthase, small rubber particle protein, allene oxide synthase, and cis-prenyl transferase. Gene expression was studied for field-grown plants during the normal course of seasonal variation in temperature (monthly average maximum 41.7 degrees C to minimum 0 degrees C, from November 2005 through March 2007) and rubber transferase enzymatic activity was also evaluated. Levels of gene expression did not correlate with air temperatures nor with rubber transferase activity. Interestingly, a sudden increase in night temperature 10 days before harvest took place in advance of the highest CPT gene expression level. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ponciano, Grisel; McMahan, Colleen M.; Xie, Wenshuang; Lazo, Gerard R.; Whalen, Maureen C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Coffelt, Terry A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Collins-Silva, Jillian; Nural-Taban, Aise; Gollery, Martin; Shintani, David K.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP McMahan, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grisel.ponciano@ars.usda.gov; Colleen.McMahan@ars.usda.gov; xie.184@osu.edu; gerard.lazo@ars.usda.gov; terry.coffelt@ars.usda.gov; jillian.collins@hotmail.com; marty.gollery@gmail.com; shintani@unr.edu; maureen.whalen@ars.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Xie, Wenshuang/K-3084-2014 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Xie, Wenshuang/0000-0003-4504-8609 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [5325-21410-020-00D]; Nevada National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (NSF-EPSCOR); NSF Plant Genome Research Program [DBI-03211690] FX This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS Project #5325-21410-020-00D. Development of cDNA libraries and EST sequencing was funded by the Nevada National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (NSF-EPSCOR), and by NSF Plant Genome Research Program DBI-03211690. Contributions to preliminary experiments by Dr. Katrina Cornish (former USDA-ARS, now Ohio State University) are gratefully acknowledged. Researchers thank Grace Chen and Kent McCue for critical reading of the manuscript. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2012 VL 79 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.007 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 982GT UT WOS:000307031800005 PM 22608127 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Dix-Luna, O Shaw, SR AF Kula, Robert R. Dix-Luna, Oscar Shaw, Scott R. TI REVIEW OF ILATHA FISCHER (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: ALYSIINAE), INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES AND A KEY TO SPECIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Actinote; Calolydella; diagnosis; distribution; Geometridae; host; Nymphalidae; parasitoid; Psaliodes; Tachinidae; taxonomy ID SENSU-LATO HYMENOPTERA; DISTRIBUTION RECORDS; REVISION AB The following new species from the Neotropical Region are described: Ilatha buffingtoni Kula, Dix-Luna, and Shaw; Ilatha cloptoni Kula, Dix-Luna, and Shaw; Malta dasygaster Kula, Dix-Luna, and Shaw; Ilatha henospilota Kula, Dix-Luna, and Shaw; Ilatha plaumanni Kula, Dix-Luna, and Shaw; and Ilatha stiremani Kula, Dix-Luna, and Shaw. Diagnoses are provided for differentiating all species of Ilatha Fischer, as is a key. Ilatha dasygaster is reported as a parasitoid of a species near Calolydella geminata Townsend (Tachinidae: Exoristinae) parasitizing Actinote stratonice Latreille (Nymphalidae: Acraeinae) on Munnozia pinnatipartita (Hieron.) H. Rob. & Brettell (Asterales: Asteraceae). Ilatha stiremani is reported as a parasitoid of an undetermined species of Tachinidae parasitizing Psaliodes strigosa Warren (Geometridae: Larentiinae) on Diplazium costale var. robustum (Sodiro) Stolze (Polypodiales: Dryopteridaceae). The aforementioned new host records are the first for any species of Ilatha. The following new distribution records at the country level are reported: Ilatha erythrogaster (Cameron) from Argentina and Colombia; Ilatha longicornis (Cameron) from Mexico; Ilatha pulchripennis (Cameron) from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; and Ilatha xanthoptera (Cameron) from Costa Rica. New distribution records for Ilatha are reported from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, and Venezuela based on new and previously described species treated in this research. C1 [Kula, Robert R.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Ins, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Dix-Luna, Oscar] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Monteria, Colombia. [Shaw, Scott R.] Univ Wyoming, Insect Museum, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Ins, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov; oscardix@gmail.com; braconid@uwyo.edu FU National Science Foundation [BSI-03-46729, BSI-07-17458, DEB-07-17034, DEB-10-20751]; NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) [DEB-08-23094, DEB-09-13110]; McIntire-Stennis project [WYO-362-02]; U.W. International Programs; U.W. Environment and Natural Resources Program; Wyoming NASA Space Consortium; U.W. Global Perspectives Program; Division de Investigaciones Bogota (DIB), Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Braconid Wasps in Forest Ecosystems FX We thank Gavin Broad (The Natural History Museum, London, England), David Wahl (American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.), and Edward G. Riley and Robert A. Wharton (Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A.) for providing specimens used for this research. Thomas J. Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL]), Norman E. Woodley (SEL), and Paul M. Marsh (Kansas State University) kindly reviewed the manuscript prior to submission. We are grateful to Sam Coleman (Intern, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, U.S.A. [NMNH]) and Jerrett McCormick (private contractor, Hagerstown, Maryland) for capturing and enhancing habitus images. Matthew L. Buffington (SEL) kindly provided assistance with digital imaging. We thank Taina Litwak (SEL) for the wing paintings and Laura Spence (Intern, NMNH) for capturing scanning electron micrographs. Harold Greeney (Yanayacu Biological Center for Creative Studies) and Andrew Town-send (formerly University of Wyoming/Yanayacu Biological Center for Creative Studies) are thanked for providing local arrangements and hospitality while at the Yanayacu Biological Station. Jose Simbana (Yanayacu Biological Center for Creative Studies) is thanked for his assistance with photographing some Ilatha specimens. We are grateful to John O. Stireman III (Wright State University) for identifying puparia and providing information on tachinid biology. This research was supported (in part) by National Science Foundation grants BSI-03-46729, BSI-07-17458, DEB-07-17034, and DEB-10-20751 (Caterpillars and parasitoids in the Eastern Andes of Ecuador, CAPEA), NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) supplemental grants DEB-08-23094, DEB-09-13110, and (in part) by McIntire-Stennis project No. WYO-362-02, Braconid Wasps in Forest Ecosystems. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Travel to Ecuador was also supported, in part, by grants from U.W. International Programs, U.W. Environment and Natural Resources Program, Wyoming NASA Space Consortium, and U.W. Global Perspectives Program. Funding for Oscar Dix-Luna was from the Division de Investigaciones Bogota (DIB), Universidad Nacional de Colombia. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 114 IS 3 BP 293 EP 328 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.114.3.293 PG 36 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 988ZE UT WOS:000307529200002 ER PT J AU Singh, A Liang, YC Kumar, P Jiang, CZ Reid, MS AF Singh, Alka Liang, Yin-Chih Kumar, Pushpendra Jiang, Cai-Zhong Reid, Michael S. TI Co-silencing of the Mirabilis antiviral protein (MAP) permits virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of other genes in Four O'Clock plants (Mirabilis jalapa) SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS; N-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; FLOWER SENESCENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PORTULACA-GRANDIFLORA; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; MAGNESIUM CHELATASE; CYCLO-DOPA; EXPRESSION AB Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful and rapid technique for the analysis of gene function during plant growth and development. We attempted to use VIGS for the functional analysis of genes associated with floral senescence and abscission in Four O'Clock plants (Mirabilis jalapa). Plants infected with a Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) vector containing a fragment of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene did not show the expected photo-bleaching phenotype. We hypothesised that the failure of VIGS in this species might be due to the presence of the Mirabilis antiviral protein (MAP) which is known to have potent activity in preventing viral infection. Plants infected with a TRV vector containing fragments of both the PDS and MAP genes showed the typical photo-bleaching phenotype in photosynthetic tissues, and this was accompanied by reductions in the abundance of PDS and MAP transcripts. We also demonstrated reduced transcript abundance (and the expected phenotypes) when VIGS with a TRV-MAP vector was used to silence the chlorata42 (Ch42) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) genes. Silencing of the 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine 5-glucosyl transferase (DOPA5GT) gene reduced pigmentation in stems, leaves, and flowers. This is the first direct demonstration of the role of an enzyme that has been proposed to be a key step in the synthesis of betalain pigments. Co-silencing of endogenous anti-viral proteins may increase the range of taxa that are amenable to the use of VIGS for functional gene analysis. C1 [Jiang, Cai-Zhong] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Singh, Alka; Liang, Yin-Chih; Kumar, Pushpendra; Reid, Michael S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Singh, Alka] Navsari Agr Univ, Dept Floriculture & Landscaping, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India. [Kumar, Pushpendra] SVBP Univ Agr & Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Meerut 250004, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Jiang, CZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cjiang@ucdavis.edu OI Jiang, Cai-Zhong/0000-0002-5972-7963 FU USDA Floriculture Initiative; BARD (the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund) [IS-3815-05] FX This study was supported in part by funds from the USDA Floriculture Initiative and BARD (the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund) Research Grant No. IS-3815-05. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 BP 334 EP 340 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 988HH UT WOS:000307479700008 ER PT J AU Barney, DL Hummer, KE AF Barney, Danny L. Hummer, Kim E. TI Northern Highbush and Half-high Blueberries on the Alaskan Kenai Peninsula: Preliminary Observations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS AB Home and commercial cultivation of small fruits is popular in Alaska and blueberries of several species, such as V corymbosum and V angustifolium, have potential as cultivated crops for local production. In June 2009, we established blueberry plantings in two locations on the Kenai Peninsula, approximately 106 kilometers southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. Our objectives were to compare effects of location and cultivar for three northern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and six half-high (V. corymbosum x V. angustifolium) blueberry cultivars on plant survival, fall tip dieback, winter injury, yield and fruit weight. Severe winter injury and some mortality were observed by June 2011. At both locations, highbush cultivars 'Duke', 'Earliblue', and 'Patriot', and the half-high cultivars 'Chippewa' and 'Northland' had severe fall tip dieback and winter injury. These five cultivars are not recommended for Southcentral Alaska, although 'Patriot' produced a few large ripe fruit in 2011. The remaining half-high cultivars survived well and produced yields in 2011. 'Northblue' and 'Northsky' ripened first, followed by 'Northcountry' and 'Polaris'. Fruit was harvested three times in September 2011. 'Northblue' yield was 0.25 kg.plant(-1) (2-years post-establishment) and mean berry size was 1.98 g.berry(-1). Yields for 'Northcountry', 'Northsky', 'Polaris', and 'Patriot' were 0.09, 0.18, 0.05, and 0.02 kg.plant(-1), respectively. Berry weights were 0.66, 0.88, and 1.50 g.berry(-1) for 'Northcountry', 'Northsky', and Polaris', respectively. Berry weights were not determined for 'Patriot'. Based on our initial observations, given appropriate cultivar selection and plant management, half-high blueberry production on the Kenai Peninsula appears feasible for home and small-acreages. Snow-catch strategies for winter protection and tunnels for season extension are recommended. C1 [Hummer, Kim E.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Barney, Danny L.] ARS, USDA, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kim.hummer@ars.usda.gov FU ARS CRIS [5341-21000-004-00D, 5358-21000-038-00D] FX We appreciate the donation of research plant materials from Fall Creek Nursery, Lowell, Oregon. We also thank Brian Olson, owner Alaska Berries, and Mike O'Brien of O'Brien Farms, for providing acreage and plant maintenance for these trials. This research was supported by ARS CRIS 5341-21000-004-00D and ARS CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 986CP UT WOS:000307318700006 ER PT J AU Elkins, R Bell, R Einhorn, T AF Elkins, Rachel Bell, Richard Einhorn, Todd TI Needs Assessment for Future US Pear Rootstock Research Directions Based on the Current State of Pear Production and Rootstock Research SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHOOT REGENERATION; CYDONIA-OBLONGA; HIGH-DENSITY; QUINCE; PERFORMANCE; CLONES; SELECTION; PROTOCOL; STANDARD AB The area devoted to pear production in the United States (U.S.) is declining due to lack of precocity and high cost of production. The U.S. pear industry currently lacks "modern" orchard systems characterized by compact trees that produce early, high yields of large, high quality fruit. Tall, shaded canopies are not economically sustainable and are at a competitive disadvantage for attracting and sustaining a labor supply. There is broad and deep consensus in the pear industry that developing size-controlling rootstocks is imperative to remain competitive nationally and globally. Currently employed rootstocks in the U.S. are Pyrus communis seedlings and clones, none of which achieve more than about a one-third size reduction, and P betulifolia seedlings. Quince (C. oblonga), used with interstems in Europe and South America, is utilized commercially (without interstems) in the U.S. only for 'Comice' in southern Oregon and northern California. This is due primarily to a lack of cold hardiness needed in more northern production areas, a lack of graft-compatibility with the other major scion cultivars, fire blight and iron chlorosis susceptibility, and relative lack of productivity versus other rootstocks, especially in California. Current evaluative trials rely on older U.S. and imported selections, and include the NC-140 Multistate Rootstock Research Project and several individual programs in California, New York, Oregon and Washington. A fundamental deficiency is the lack of a mature pear rootstock breeding program, despite access to the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), which holds a major worldwide collection of Pyrus and related genera. International breeding programs focus on increasing yield efficiency, but also graft compatibility, fruit quality and size, high soil pH tolerance, winter hardiness, warm climate/low chilling adaptation, drought and salt tolerance, and resistance to fire blight, pear decline, and pear scab. An intensive planning and implementation effort is needed to develop the necessary contacts, collaborations, explorations, and importation logistics to acquire the most promising clonal selections for propagation and testing. Basic research needs include effects of dwarfing rootstock on tree architecture and fruiting, the underlying mechanisms of dwarfing functional in pear, the inheritance of key traits, and selection criteria for breeding. Propagation and orchard systems have also been identified as major research needs. C1 [Elkins, Rachel] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. [Bell, Richard] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Einhorn, Todd] Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. RP Elkins, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. EM rbelkins@ucdavis.edu NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 986CP UT WOS:000307318700007 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, AW Caesar-TonThat, T Jabro, JD Lartey, RT Evans, RG Allen, BL AF Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew W. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan Jabro, Jalal D. Lartey, Robert T. Evans, Robert G. Allen, Brett L. TI Dryland soil nitrogen cycling influenced by tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Crop residue nitrogen; Labile nitrogen fractions; Management practices; Nitrogen cycling; Nitrogen storage ID ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; INTENSITY; SEQUENCE; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; RESIDUES AB Management practices may influence dryland soil N cycling. We evaluated the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice on dryland crop biomass (stems and leaves) N, surface residue N, and soil N fractions at the 0-20 cm depth in a Williams loam from 2004 to 2008 in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were two tillage practices (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), two crop rotations (continuous spring wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] [CW] and spring wheat-barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.] hay-corn [Zea mays L.]-pea [Pisum sativum L.] [W-B-C-P]), and two cultural practices (regular [conventional seed rates and plant spacing, conventional planting date, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height] and ecological [variable seed rates and plant spacing, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height]). Nitrogen fractions were soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH4-N, and NO3-N. Crop biomass N was 30 % greater in W-B-C-P than in CW in 2005. Surface residue N was 30-34 % greater in NT with the regular and ecological practices than in CT with the regular practice. The STN, PON, and MBN at 10-20 and 0-20 cm were 5-41 % greater in NT or CW with the regular practice than in CT or CW with the ecological practice. The PNM at 5-10 cm was 22 % greater in the regular than in the ecological practice. The NH4-N and NO3-N contents at 10-20 and 0-20 cm were greater in CT with W-B-C-P and the regular practice than with most other treatments in 2007. Surface residue and soil N fractions, except PNM and NO3-N, declined from autumn 2007 to spring 2008. In 2008, NT with W-B-C-P and the regular practice gained 400 kg N ha(-1) compared with a loss of 221 kg N ha(-1) to a gain of 219 kg N ha(-1) in other treatments. No-tillage with the regular cultural practice increased surface residue and soil N storage but conventional tillage with diversified crop rotation and the regular practice increased soil N availability. Because of continuous N mineralization, surface residue and soil N storage decreased without influencing N availability from autumn to the following spring. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Lenssen, Andrew W.; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan; Jabro, Jalal D.; Lartey, Robert T.; Evans, Robert G.; Allen, Brett L.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s10705-012-9518-9 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 987UK UT WOS:000307443100005 ER PT J AU Olson, CA Beard, KH Pitt, WC AF Olson, Christina A. Beard, Karen H. Pitt, William C. TI Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 8. Eleutherodactylus planirostris, the Greenhouse Frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COQUI FROG; HAWAII; LEPTODACTYLIDAE; HABITAT AB The greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris, is a direct-developing (i.e., no aquatic stage) frog native to Cuba and the Bahamas. It was introduced to Hawai'i via nursery plants in the early 1990s and then subsequently from Hawai'i to Guam in 2003. The greenhouse frog is now widespread on five Hawaiian Islands and Guam. Infestations are often overlooked due to the frog's quiet calls, small size, and cryptic behavior, and this likely contributes to its spread. Because the greenhouse frog is an insectivore, introductions may reduce invertebrates. In Hawai'i, the greenhouse frog primarily consumes ants, mites, and springtails and obtains densities of up to 12,500 frogs ha(-1). At this density, it is estimated that they can consume up to 129,000 invertebrates ha(-1) night(-1). They are a food source for the nonnative brown tree snake in Guam and may be a food source for other nonnative species. They may also compete with other insectivores for available prey. The greatest direct economic impacts of the invasions are to the nursery trade, which must treat infested shipments. Although various control methods have been developed to control frogs in Hawai'i, and citric acid, in particular, is effective in reducing greenhouse frogs, the frog's inconspicuous nature often prevents populations from being identified and managed. C1 [Olson, Christina A.; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Olson, Christina A.; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pitt, William C.] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Hawaii Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.beard@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 FU Jack H. Berryman Institute; Ecology Center at Utah State University FX Support for this research came from the Jack H. Berryman Institute and the Ecology Center at Utah State University. Manuscript accepted 25 October 2011. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 61 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 255 EP 270 DI 10.2984/66.3.1 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 983UP UT WOS:000307144500001 ER PT J AU Liu, JP Luo, XY Shaff, J Liang, CY Jia, XM Li, ZY Magalhaes, J Kochian, LV AF Liu, Jiping Luo, Xiaoying Shaff, Jon Liang, Cuiyue Jia, Xiaomin Li, Ziyan Magalhaes, Jurandir Kochian, Leon V. TI A promoter-swap strategy between the AtALMT and AtMATE genes increased Arabidopsis aluminum resistance and improved carbon-use efficiency for aluminum resistance SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aluminum resistance; transporter protein; organic acid exudation; promoter swap; carbon-use efficiency; Arabidopsis thaliana ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ROOT APICES; ACID SOILS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; LUPINUS-ALBUS; HIGHER-PLANTS; MALATE TRANSPORTERS; ACTIVATED CITRATE; TOLERANCE GENE; PROTEOID ROOTS AB The primary mechanism of Arabidopsis aluminum (Al) resistance is based on root Al exclusion, resulting from Al-activated root exudation of the Al3+-chelating organic acids, malate and citrate. Root malate exudation is the major contributor to Arabidopsis Al resistance, and is conferred by expression of AtALMT1, which encodes the root malate transporter. Root citrate exudation plays a smaller but still significant role in Arabidopsis Al resistance, and is conferred by expression of AtMATE, which encodes the root citrate transporter. In this study, we demonstrate that levels of Al-activated root organic acid exudation are closely correlated with expression of the organic acid transporter genes AtALMT1 and AtMATE. We also found that the AtALMT1 promoter confers a significantly higher level of gene expression than the AtMATE promoter. Analysis of AtALMT1 and AtMATE tissue- and cell-specific expression based on stable expression of promoterreporter gene constructs showed that the two genes are expressed in complementary root regions: AtALMT1 is expressed in the root apices, while AtMATE is expressed in the mature portions of the roots. As citrate is a much more effective chelator of Al3+ than malate, we used a promoter-swap strategy to test whether root tip-localized expression of the AtMATE coding region driven by the stronger AtALMT1 promoter (AtALMT1P::AtMATE) resulted in increased Arabidopsis Al resistance. Our results indicate that expression of AtALMT1P::AtMATE not only significantly increased Al resistance of the transgenic plants, but also enhanced carbon-use efficiency for Al resistance. C1 [Liu, Jiping; Luo, Xiaoying; Shaff, Jon; Liang, Cuiyue; Jia, Xiaomin; Li, Ziyan; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Luo, Xiaoying] Southwest Univ, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Shaff, Jon; Jia, Xiaomin] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Liang, Cuiyue] S China Agr Univ, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Ziyan] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm Sci, Yangling, Peoples R China. [Magalhaes, Jurandir] Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, Brazil. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM leon.kochian@ars.usda.gov OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU Generation Challenge grant [G3008.02] FX This work was supported by Generation Challenge grant number G3008.02. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 71 IS 2 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04994.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 980KZ UT WOS:000306893400013 PM 22413742 ER PT J AU Karl, JW Duniway, MC Nusser, SM Opsomer, JD Unnasch, RS AF Karl, Jason W. Duniway, Michael C. Nusser, Sarah M. Opsomer, Jean D. Unnasch, Robert S. TI Using Very-Large-Scale Aerial Imagery for Rangeland Monitoring and Assessment: Some Statistical Considerations SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SRM Symposium on Very-High Resolution Imaging for Resources Monitoring CY FEB 09-10, 2011 CL Billings, MT DE accuracy; monitoring; precision; sample design; statistics; very-large-scale aerial image ID NATIONAL RESOURCES INVENTORY; HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; DESIGN AB The availability of very-large-scale aerial (VLSA) imagery (typically less than 1 cm ground-sampling-distance spatial resolution) and techniques for processing those data into ecosystem indicators has opened the door for routinely using VLSA imagery in rangeland monitoring and assessment. However, for VLSA imagery to provide defensible information for managers, it is crucial to understand the statistical implications of designing and implementing VLSA image studies, including consideration of image scale, sample design limitations, and the need for validation of estimates. A significant advantage of VLSA imaging is that the researcher can specify the scale (i.e., spatial resolution and extent) of the images. VLSA image programs should plan for scales that match monitoring questions, size of landscape elements to be measured, and spatial heterogeneity of the environment. Failure to plan for scale may result in images that are not optimal for answering management questions. Probability-based sampling guards against bias and ensures that inferences can be made to the desired study area. Often collected along flight transects, VLSA imagery lends itself well to certain probability-based sample designs, such as systematic sampling, not often used in field studies. With VLSA image programs, the sample unit can be an entire image or a portion of an image. It is critical to define the sampling unit and understand the relationship between measurements and estimates made from the imagery. Finally, it is important to statistically validate estimates produced from VLSA images at selected locations using quantitative data of the same scale and more precise and accurate than the VLSA image techniques. The extent to which VLSA imagery will be useful as a tool for understanding the status and trend of rangelands depends as much on the ability to build the imagery into robust programs as it does on the ability to quickly and relatively easily collect VLSA images over large landscapes. C1 [Karl, Jason W.; Duniway, Michael C.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Nusser, Sarah M.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Survey Stat & Methodol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Opsomer, Jean D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Unnasch, Robert S.] Nature Conservancy, Idaho Chapter, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Karl, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jkarl@nmsu.edu OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 65 IS 4 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00102.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986UA UT WOS:000307369900002 ER PT J AU James, JJ Rinella, MJ Svejcar, T AF James, J. J. Rinella, M. J. Svejcar, T. TI Grass Seedling Demography and Sagebrush Steppe Restoration SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; fire; seed; seedling establishment ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; GERMINATION; SURVIVAL; ESTABLISHMENT; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; MOVEMENTS; INVASION; GROWTH AB Seeding is a key management tool for arid rangeland. In these systems, however, seeded species often fail to establish. A recent study in Wyoming big sagebrush steppe suggested that over 90% of seeded native grass individuals die before seedlings emerged. This current study examines the timing and rate of seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling death related to this demographic bottleneck. We seeded monocultures of two native perennial bunchgrasses, Pseudoroegenaria spicata (Pursh) A. Love and Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey, and one introduced bunchgrass, Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult., in 2007, 2008, and 2009 and tracked sown seed and seedling fate. Across the study years and species we found that germination was rapid and high, with species obtaining 50% germination by December, less than 2 mo after planting. Emergence of germinated seed did not occur until late February for A. desertorum and March for the two native grasses. In 2007 the majority of emergence and death was constrained to several weeks, whereas in 2008 and 2009 emergence and death was distributed across several months. The timing of seedling emergence did not influence survival probability or midday plant water potential (probability of exceedance <0.05). Survival probabilities once seedlings emerged were greater for native species (0.71) than A. desertorum (0.51) in 2 of the 3 study yr (probability of exceedance >0.98). The early germination of grasses following fall seeding, and the long 2- to 3-mo period that germinated grass seed remain in the soil before emerging, support the hypothesis that seedling recruitment might be limited largely by ecological processes and conditions during winter or early spring (such as soil freeze thaw events, seed pathogens, or physical crusts). Delaying seeding to early winter or spring and other management tools that mitigate these factors driving this bottleneck might greatly improve restoration outcomes in these systems. C1 [James, J. J.; Svejcar, T.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Rinella, M. J.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 53 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 65 IS 4 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00138.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986UA UT WOS:000307369900010 ER PT J AU Pastur, GM Andrieu, E Iverson, LR Peri, PL AF Martinez Pastur, Guillermo Andrieu, Emilie Iverson, Louis R. Luis Peri, Pablo TI Agroforestry landscapes and global change: landscape ecology tools for management and conservation SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Landscape ecology; Forest management; Agroforestry; Biodiversity conservation; Global changes AB Forest ecosystems are impacted by multiple uses under the influence of global drivers, and where landscape ecology tools may substantially facilitate the management and conservation of the agroforestry ecosystems. The use of landscape ecology tools was described in the eight papers of the present special issue, including changes in forested landscapes due to agricultural and forestry activities, landscape changes due to recent intensification of agriculture, and the impacts of agroforestry as compared to natural forest ecosystems. Landscape ecology can improve the economic, environmental and social values of agroforestry, and this knowledge should help to develop new management alternatives for agroforestry. We believe that these papers will inform management at the landscape level, especially in agroforestry landscapes, offering new tools for management and conservation. C1 [Martinez Pastur, Guillermo] Ctr Austral Invest Cient CADIC CONICET, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. [Andrieu, Emilie] UMR DYNAFOR Inra INP ENSAT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Iverson, Louis R.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH USA. [Luis Peri, Pablo] Univ Nacl Patagonia Austral, CONICET, UNPA INTA, Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina. RP Pastur, GM (reprint author), Ctr Austral Invest Cient CADIC CONICET, Houssay 200, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. EM gpastur@conicet.gob.ar RI Andrieu, Emilie/C-9742-2010; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Martinez Pastur, Guillermo/0000-0002-7369-0423; Martinez Pastur, Guillermo/0000-0003-2614-5403; Andrieu, Emilie/0000-0002-0021-4573; Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 SI SI BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s10457-012-9496-6 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 976LI UT WOS:000306585800001 ER PT J AU Dweikat, I Weil, C Moose, S Kochian, L Mosier, N Ileleji, K Brown, P Peer, W Murphy, A Taheripour, F McCann, M Carpita, N AF Dweikat, Ismail Weil, Clifford Moose, Stephen Kochian, Leon Mosier, Nathan Ileleji, Klein Brown, Patrick Peer, Wendy Murphy, Angus Taheripour, Farzad McCann, Maureen Carpita, Nicholas TI Envisioning the transition to a next-generation biofuels industry in the US Midwest SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Article DE biofuels; bio-based products; bioenergy crops; US Midwest agriculture ID MISCANTHUS X GIGANTEUS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GENETIC-RESOURCES; PERENNIAL GRASSES; MAIZE; SWITCHGRASS; SORGHUM; FEEDSTOCKS; GENOME AB Corn grain ethanol production is a mature industry built on a Midwestern agricultural infrastructure. Second-and third-generation biofuels and bio-based products industries could take advantage of this robust framework. Significant but not insurmountable barriers remain for grower acceptance of bioenergy crop plants and capital investment in transitioning from grain to lignocellulosic biomass at scale. The existing infrastructure in the Midwest provides a model for implementing an environmentally responsible and sustainable next-generation biofuels industry into the agro-economy. (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Mosier, Nathan; Peer, Wendy; McCann, Maureen; Carpita, Nicholas] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dweikat, Ismail] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. [Moose, Stephen; Brown, Patrick] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kochian, Leon] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. [Weil, Clifford] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Murphy, Angus] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Taheripour, Farzad] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Carpita, N (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM carpita@purdue.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000997]; USDA-NIFA [2010-01616] FX This perspective was completed through support from the Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0000997, and grant 2010-01616 from the USDA-NIFA supporting the Midwest Center for Bioenergy Grasses. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 6 IS 4 BP 376 EP 386 DI 10.1002/bbb.1342 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 971DV UT WOS:000306184800013 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, AH Spero, DM Gay, C Zimic, M De Groot, AS AF Gutierrez, Andres H. Spero, Denice M. Gay, Cyril Zimic, Mirko De Groot, Anne S. TI New vaccines needed for pathogens infecting animals and humans One Health SO HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE One Health; zoonotic infectious diseases; vaccines; emerging pathogens; food safety; biodefense ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA; NIPAH VIRUS; SUBUNIT VACCINE; GLOBAL CONTROL; HENDRA-VIRUS; CHALLENGE; PROTECTION; OUTBREAK AB The field of "One Health" encourages researchers to collaborate across a wide range of disciplines to improve health at the animal-human-ecosystems interface. One Health recognizes the potential of emerging infectious diseases to impact public health and global food security, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to counteract the effect of these diseases. Vaccinologists are also beginning to engage in research related to One Health, recognizing that preventing transmission of emerging infectious diseases at the animal-human interface is critically important for protecting the world population from epizootics and pandemics. In this synopsis of recent work in the One Health field, we describe some emerging One Health pathogens, discuss the importance of One Health to food safety and biodefense, propose strategies for improving One Health including the development of new vaccines and new vaccine design approaches, and close with a brief discussion of the opportunities and risks related to One Health vaccine research. C1 [Gutierrez, Andres H.; Spero, Denice M.; De Groot, Anne S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Inst Immunol & Informat, Providence, RI 02908 USA. [Gay, Cyril] USDA, ARS, REE, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zimic, Mirko] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Ciencias & Filosofia, Labs Invest & Desarrollo, Lima, Peru. [De Groot, Anne S.] EpiVax Inc, Providence, RI USA. RP De Groot, AS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Inst Immunol & Informat, 825 Chalkstone Ave, Providence, RI 02908 USA. EM dr.annie.degroot@gmail.com RI De Groot, Anne/B-6221-2013 OI De Groot, Anne/0000-0001-5911-1459 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 2164-5515 J9 HUM VACC IMMUNOTHER JI Human Vaccines Immunother. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 8 IS 7 DI 10.4161/hv.20202 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 983GL UT WOS:000307107600028 ER PT J AU Soldi, RA Rodrigues, MACM Aldrich, JR Zarbin, PHG AF Soldi, Rafael A. Rodrigues, Mauro A. C. M. Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Zarbin, Paulo H. G. TI The Male-produced Sex Pheromone of the True Bug, Phthia picta, is an Unusual Hydrocarbon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phthia picta; Coreidae; 5,9,17-Trimethylhenicosane; Metathoracic scent gland; Heteroptera ID METATHORACIC SCENT GLANDS; METHYL 2,6,10-TRIMETHYLDODECANOATE; HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA; DEFENSIVE SECRETION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; EUSCHISTUS-HEROS; STINK BUGS; IDENTIFICATION; COREIDAE; PENTATOMIDAE AB Phthia picta is part of a complex of true bugs (Heteroptera) in Brazil that attack tomatoes, being particularly damaging because nymphs and adults feed on both leaves and fruit. Gas chromatography (GC) of aeration extracts of adult males vs. females revealed the presence of a male-specific compound. GC-electroantennographic detector experiments indicated that the antennae of females are highly sensitive to this male-specific compound. GC-mass spectrometry and GC-FTIR analyses suggested a methyl branched hydrocarbon structure for this compound. After synthesis of three different proposed structures, the natural product was indentified as 5,9,17-trimethylhenicosane, which was strongly attractive to females in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Analysis of dissected body parts of adults revealed that the pheromone is produced in the lateral accessory glands of the metathoracic scent gland of males only. C1 [Soldi, Rafael A.; Rodrigues, Mauro A. C. M.; Zarbin, Paulo H. G.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Quim, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Aldrich, Jeffrey R.] ARS, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarbin, PHG (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dept Quim, CP 19081, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM pzarbin@ufpr.br RI Zarbin, Paulo/C-1383-2013 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES - Brazil); Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Tecnologia de Semioquimicos na Agricultura; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Federal University of Parana [proc.: 401604/2009-8] FX We thank the Empresa Paranaense de Assistencia Tecnica Extensao Rural, EMATER - Urai, PR, Brazil. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES - Brazil) and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Tecnologia de Semioquimicos na Agricultura for supporting our research. PHGZ thanks Prof. Dr. Jocelyn G. Millar (UC-Riverside) for discussions on the mass spectra. We are also grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for funding the visit of Dr. Jeffrey R. Aldrich to the Federal University of Parana (visiting researcher; proc.: 401604/2009-8). NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 38 IS 7 BP 814 EP 824 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0147-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981FM UT WOS:000306952300002 PM 22723201 ER PT J AU Ren, H Zeng, SJ Li, LN Zhang, QM Yang, L Wang, J Wang, ZF Guo, QF AF Ren, Hai Zeng, Songjun Li, Longna Zhang, Qianmei Yang, Long Wang, Jun Wang, Zhengfeng Guo, Qinfeng TI Reintroduction of Tigridiopalma magnifica, a rare and Critically Endangered herb endemic to China SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Canonical Correspondence Analysis; CCA; China; distribution; endemic; habitat; Melastomataceae; Tigridiopalma magnifica ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION; REGENERATION AB Tigridiopalma magnifica, a perennial herb and the only species in the genus Tigridiopalma (Family Melastomataceae) is rare and endemic to China where it is categorized as Critically Endangered on the national Red List. Twelve locations with populations of T. magnifica have been identified (1 extinct, 11 extant). T. magnifica only grows in the surface soil on stone walls or rocks under the canopy of secondary forests and plantations and has no specific associated plant species. Canopy closure, soil water content and the distance to the closest stream are the main factors influencing the distribution of T. magnifica. We reintroduced T. magnifica plantlets produced by tissue culture into three locations: one within the species' original range, and 11.5 and 400 km from the species' original range. After 11 months survival rate was 40-58% but survival was higher and plantlet crowns were larger at the location within the species' original range than at the other two sites. The combination of advanced propagation techniques and ecological restoration could facilitate reintroduction and conservation of T. magnifica and other rare and threatened plants. This example of the successful reintroduction of a rare, threatened herb has implications for human-assisted migration and colonization of rare plant species under future climate change scenarios. C1 [Ren, Hai; Zeng, Songjun; Li, Longna; Zhang, Qianmei; Yang, Long; Wang, Jun; Wang, Zhengfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [31170493]; Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan [2010U1-E00601]; Guangdong Sci-Tech Planning Project [2010B060200039] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (reference 31170493), Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan (reference 2010U1-E00601), and the Guangdong Sci-Tech Planning Project (reference 2010B060200039). We thank Yizhi Zhuang and Zhixin Tang for field monitoring, Huilan Zhang for soil analysis, HuaguYe for species identification, Jinping Zhang and Linjun Li for mapping and calculations, Bruce Jaffee for help with English and Jennifer Togerson for editing, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 32 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JUL PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1017/S0030605311000615 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984HU UT WOS:000307181500017 ER PT J AU Hermann, J Koski, D Taylor, S Gatewood, D AF Hermann, J. Koski, D. Taylor, S. Gatewood, D. TI Evaluation of the analytical sensitivity of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of chicken infectious anemia virus in avian vaccines SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Chicken infectious anemia virus; PCR; Sensitivity ID CELL-LINE; AGENT CAA AB Chicken infectious anemia virus (CAV) is a ubiquitous pathogen of chickens causing significant disease in commercial flocks worldwide. During CAV outbreaks, the Center for Veterinary Biologics requires manufacturers of veterinary biologicals to test materials derived from infected flocks for extraneous CAV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The analytical sensitivity of a PCR assay for detection of CAV was determined and the applicability of a CAV DNA standard as a positive control for assay validity was evaluated. The analytical sensitivity of the CAV PCR assay was assessed to be 100 copies per reaction for the DNA standard and 1 x 10(1.9) TCID50/reaction for infectious virus. Establishing the analytical sensitivity of this CAV PCR assay and the inclusion of internal and external positive controls for validity provide a basis for determining whether suspect materials are safe for use in the production of veterinary biologics. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biological Standardization. C1 [Hermann, J.; Koski, D.; Taylor, S.; Gatewood, D.] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hermann, J (reprint author), Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM joseph.R.Hermann@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JUL PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP 266 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.04.006 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 979KW UT WOS:000306819900007 PM 22595681 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Lingle, CK Stabel, JR Ramyar, KX Garcia, BL Raeber, AJ Schacher, P Kapur, V Geisbrecht, BV AF Bannantine, John P. Lingle, Cari K. Stabel, Judith R. Ramyar, Kasra X. Garcia, Brandon L. Raeber, Alex J. Schacher, Pascal Kapur, Vivek Geisbrecht, Brian V. TI MAP1272c Encodes an NlpC/P60 Protein, an Antigen Detected in Cattle with Johne's Disease SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; ELISA; TUBERCULOSIS; SECRETION; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB The protein encoded by MAP1272c has been shown to be an antigen of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that contains an NlpC/P60 superfamily domain found in lipoproteins or integral membrane proteins. Proteins containing this domain have diverse enzymatic functions that include peptidases, amidases, and acetyltransferases. The NlpC protein was examined in comparison to over 100 recombinant proteins and showed the strongest antigenicity when analyzed with sera from cattle with Johne's disease. To further localize the immunogenicity of NlpC, recombinant proteins representing defined regions were expressed and evaluated with sera from cattle with Johne's disease. The region from amino acids 74 to 279 was shown to be the most immunogenic. This fragment was also evaluated against a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two monoclonal antibodies were produced in mice immunized with the full-length protein, and each recognized a distinct epitope. These antibodies cross-reacted with proteins from other mycobacterial species and demonstrated variable sizes of the proteins expressed from these subspecies. Both antibodies were further analyzed, and their interaction with MAP1272c and MAP1204 was characterized by a solution-based, luminescent binding assay. These tools provide additional means to study a strong antigen of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. C1 [Bannantine, John P.; Stabel, Judith R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Lingle, Cari K.; Ramyar, Kasra X.; Garcia, Brandon L.; Geisbrecht, Brian V.] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Raeber, Alex J.; Schacher, Pascal] Prionics AG, Schlieren, Switzerland. [Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU Missouri Life Sciences Research Board [13238-2007] FX This work was funded in part by a grant to B. V. G. from the Missouri Life Sciences Research Board (13238-2007). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1083 EP 1092 DI 10.1128/CVI.00195-12 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 983HP UT WOS:000307110700012 PM 22593240 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Kay, S Shapiro-Ilan, DI Tedders, WL AF Morales-Ramos, Juan A. Rojas, M. Guadalupe Kay, Sasha Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Tedders, W. Louis TI Impact of Adult Weight, Density, and Age on Reproduction of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE yellow mealworm; insect rearing; biology; fecundity; cannibalism ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; BODY-SIZE; POPULATION-DENSITY; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; LARVAL COMPETITION; FECUNDITY; FOOD; LEPIDOPTERA; DIETS AB The impact of adult weight, age, and density on reproduction of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was studied. The impact of adult weight on reproduction was determined by: (1) counting the daily progeny of individual adult pairs of known weight and analyzing the data with linear regression and (2) creating 5 weight classes of 10-mg intervals starting at 60 mg (60 - 69.9mg) and ending at 100 mg (100 - 109.9 mg), then the progeny of 10 groups of 5 males and 5 females of each weight class were compared using ANOVA. To determine the impact of adult density on reproduction, adults were grouped at 8 different densities by increasing numbers per box (at 1:1 sex ratio). Weekly progeny production of 8 groups per density treatment was compared using ANOVA. There was no significant relationship between female weight and progeny production in the individual pair analysis. Fecundity was significantly different among weight classes, but the relationship was not linear. Adult density had a significant impact on progeny per female and progeny per unit area. Reproductive output per female decreased as adult density increased. Progeny per unit area increased to a maximum at a density of 14 adults/dm(2) and then declined sharply. Adult age had a significant impact on reproduction. The highest reproductive output occurred at 2 and 3 wk of age and was significantly higher than at any other age. Adult density and age may be manipulated to maximize production of T. molitor larvae. C1 [Morales-Ramos, Juan A.; Rojas, M. Guadalupe; Kay, Sasha; Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Tedders, W. Louis] USDA ARS NBCL, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS NBCL, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM juan.moralesramos@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 FU USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2007-33610-18416, 2007-03695] FX The authors thank the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) for financing a portion of this research through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program (grant No. 2007-33610-18416/proposal No. 2007-03695). We also thank Scott Lee for producing the drawings for Figures 1 and 2. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 58 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 208 EP 220 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 978WA UT WOS:000306775300002 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Davey, RB Pound, JM AF Lohmeyer, K. H. Davey, R. B. Pound, J. M. TI Therapeutic and Residual Efficacy of a Pour-On Formulation of Novaluron against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on Infested Cattle SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benzoylphenyl urea; southern cattle tick; novaluron; tick control ID TICKS ACARI; COUMAPHOS; INSECTICIDES; MEXICO AB The effectiveness of a pour-on formulation of novaluron (Novatack Pour-on 5% Al, Clarion Biociencias LTDA, Goiania, Brazil), a benzoylphenyl urea acaricide, was evaluated by applying a low and high concentrations (1 mg/20 kg body weight and 1 mg/10 kg body weight) to cattle infested with all parasitic developmental stages (adults, nymphs, and larvae) of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini). The therapeutic percentage reduction in the number of females that reached repletion following treatment was 24.8 and 24.6% for the low and high rates, respectively. No difference in the weight of engorged females recovered from treated calves or in the index of fecundity (IF) was observed for either rate in comparison with the untreated control, and no significant difference in the overall therapeutic level of control was observed between the low and the high rates. Results obtained from the analysis of persistent (residual) efficacy of both rates showed no significant differences between the treatments at weekly intervals; however, the percent control of the IF observed against larvae infested 1 and 2 wks after treatment of both rates was moderate indicating that novaluron appears to be more effective against larvae that come into contact with cattle after treatment than against adults or nymphs already infesting the animal at the time of treatment. C1 [Lohmeyer, K. H.; Davey, R. B.; Pound, J. M.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 238 EP 246 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 978WA UT WOS:000306775300005 ER PT J AU Wagner, TL Shelton, TG Villavaso, EJ AF Wagner, Terence L. Shelton, Thomas G. Villavaso, Eric J. TI CO2 Release in Groups of Reticulitermes virginicus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE respiration; CO2; temperature; termite; Reticulitermes virginicus ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; ZOOTERMOPSIS NEVADENSIS HAGEN; CARBON-DIOXIDE RELEASE; WATER-LOSS; METABOLISM; FORMOSAN; COLONIES; METHANE; RATES; SIZE AB CO2 release rates were measured from groups of 10 Reticulitermes virginicus Banks workers, soldiers, and nymphs. For workers, (V) over dot(CO2) (mu l.mg(-1).h(-1)) increased linearly with temperature between 16.2 - 30.4 degrees C. (V) over dot(CO2), recorded at approximate to 20 degrees C was 0.177 +/- 0.005 mu l.mg(-1).h(-1) for soldiers and 0.219 +/- 0.027 mu l.mg(-1).h(-1) for nymphs. Assuming a similar slope of temperature increase in (V) over dot(CO2) for all castes, predicted mass-corrected CO2 release values for grouped R. virginicus workers, soldiers and nymphs at 23.6 degrees C were 27, 52 and 27% lower than literature values for the same castes of R. flavipes measured individually at that temperature. CO2 release rate (mu l.mg(-1).h(-1)) for R. virginicus nearly doubled over the 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C temperature range (Q(10) = 1.91), similar to literature values for Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen) over the same range. For all temperatures except 25.2 degrees C, CO2 release rate (in mu l.h(-1)) increased significantly with mass, with coefficients ranging from 0.123 (16.2 degrees C) to 0.599 (30.4 degrees C). C1 [Wagner, Terence L.; Shelton, Thomas G.; Villavaso, Eric J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM tshelton@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 264 EP 271 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 978WA UT WOS:000306775300007 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Harris-Coward, PY Ehrlich, KC Moore, GG Wei, QJ Bhatnagar, D AF Cary, Jeffrey W. Harris-Coward, Pamela Y. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Moore, Geromy G. Wei, Qijian Bhatnagar, Deepak TI Functional and phylogenetic analysis of the Aspergillus ochraceoroseus aflQ (ordA) gene ortholog SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus ochraceoroseus; gene cluster; mycotoxin; oxidoreductase ID BIOSYNTHESIS CLUSTER GENE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; PARASITICUS; FLAVUS; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; RESISTANCE; NIDULANS; BINDING; PROTEIN AB Within the Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus aflatoxin (AF) biosynthetic gene cluster the aflQ(ordA) and aflP (omtA) genes encode respectively an oxidoreductase and methyltransferase. These genes are required for the final steps in the conversion of sterigmatocystin (ST) to aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)). Aspergillus nidulans harbors a gene cluster that produces ST, as the aflQ and aflP orthologs are either non-functional or absent in the genome. Aspergillus ochraceoroseus produces both AF and ST, and it harbors an AF/ST biosynthetic gene cluster that is organized much like the A. nidulans ST cluster. The A. ochraceoroseus cluster also does not contain aflQ or aflP orthologs. However the ability of A. ochraceoroseus to produce AF would indicate that functional aflQ and aflP orthologs are present within the genome. Utilizing degenerate primers based on conserved regions of the A. flavus aflQ gene and an A. nidulans gene demonstrating the highest level of homology to aflQ a putative aflQ, ortholog was PCR amplified from A. ochraceoroseus genomic DNA. The A. ochraceoroseus aflQ ortholog demonstrated 57% amino acid identity to A. flavus AflQ. Transformation of an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) -accumulating A. parasiticus aflQ mutant with the putative A. ochraceoroseus aflQ gene restored AF production. Although the aflQ gene does not reside in the AF/ST cluster it appears to be regulated in a manner similar to other A. ochraceoroseus AF/ST cluster genes. Phylogenetic analysis of AflQ and AflQ-like proteins from a number of ST- and AF-producing Aspergilli indicates that A. ochraceoroseus might be ancestral to A. nidulans and A. flavus. C1 [Cary, Jeffrey W.; Harris-Coward, Pamela Y.; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.; Moore, Geromy G.; Wei, Qijian; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Jeff.Cary@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 857 EP 864 DI 10.3852/11-328 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 981AQ UT WOS:000306938100007 PM 22495451 ER PT J AU Minnis, AM McTaggart, AR Rossman, AY Aime, MC AF Minnis, Andrew M. McTaggart, Alistair R. Rossman, Amy Y. Aime, M. Catherine TI Taxonomy of mayapple rust: the genus Allodus resurrected SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE autoecious rust fungi; Berberidaceae; fungal taxonomy; Pucciniales; rDNA systematics; Uredinales ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; FUNGI UREDINALES; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; NUCLEAR LARGE; PUCCINIA; PHYLOGENY; UROMYCES AB Mayapple rust is a common, disfiguring disease that is widespread in temperate eastern North America wherever the host, Podophyllum peltatum, occurs. Puccinia podophylli, the etiological agent of this rust, has been shown to be distantly related to both Puccinia and Uromyces as exemplified by their types. A systematic study was made to determine the generic classification of P. podophylli. Phylogenetic analyses of two rDNA loci from multiple specimens support the recognition of this taxon as a separate genus of Pucciniaceae. Based on historical literature and type material, P. podophylli was found to represent the type of the forgotten genus Allodus and it is correctly named Allodus podophylli. A neotype is designated for Puccinia podophylli Schwein. ( Allodus podophylli) and a lectotype is designated for Aecidium podophylli. C1 [McTaggart, Alistair R.; Aime, M. Catherine] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Minnis, Andrew M.; Rossman, Amy Y.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aime, MC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, 302 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM maime@agcenter.lsu.edu RI McTaggart, Alistair/A-8871-2014; OI McTaggart, Alistair/0000-0002-3681-7632; McTaggart, Alistair/0000-0002-0996-1313 FU Louisiana Board of Regents LEQSF [(2009-12)-RD-A-01]; USDA-APHIS [10-8100-1530-CA] FX The authors thank Louisiana Board of Regents LEQSF (2009-12)-RD-A-01 and USDA-APHIS 10-8100-1530-CA for financial support of MCA, Ed B. Lickey for collections in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Lisa A. Castlebury for additional material and Cindy Park for expert laboratory assistance at SMML. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 942 EP 950 DI 10.3852/11-350 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 981AQ UT WOS:000306938100014 PM 22495446 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Luttrell, R AF Zhu, Yu Cheng Luttrell, Randall TI Variation of acephate susceptibility and correlation with esterase and glutathione S-transferase activities in field populations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Esterase; Glutathione S-transferase; Detoxification; Acephate; Susceptibility; Resistance; Tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; HETEROPTERA MIRIDAE; S,S,S-TRIBUTYL PHOSPHOROTRITHIOATE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; MECHANISMS; STRAIN; ADULTS; LARVAE; GENES AB The tarnished plant bug (TPB) has increasingly become an economically important pest of cotton. Heavy dependence on insecticides, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, for TPB control facilitated resistance development to multiple classes of insecticides. To better understand resistance and explore ways to monitor resistance in field populations, this study examined acephate susceptibility and the activities of two major detoxification enzymes in nine field populations collected in the Delta region of Mississippi and Arkansas in 2010. Two Arkansas populations from Reed and Backgate had 3.5- and 4.3-fold resistance to acephate, as compared to a susceptible laboratory strain. Extensive planting of cotton and heavy chemical sprays is a major driving force for resistance development to acephate in Mid-south cotton growing areas. Reduced susceptibility to acephate was highly correlated with elevated esterase activities. The acephate-resistant populations from Backgate, Lula, and Reed consistently had higher (up to 5.3-fold) esterase activities than susceptible populations. Regression analysis of LC(50)s with kinetic esterase activities revealed a significant polynomial quadratic relationship with R-2 up to 0.89. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) also had elevated activity in most populations, but the variations of GST activities were not significantly correlated with changes of acephate susceptibility. Finally, examination of esterase and GST inhibitors indicated that suppression rates (up to 70%) by two esterase inhibitors in 2010 were slightly lower than those detected in 2006, and ethacrynic acid (EA) inhibited GST effectively in both years. Two other GST inhibitors (sulfobromophthalein and diethyl maleate) displayed significantly lower suppression rates in 2010 than those detected in 2006, suggesting a potential genetic shift in pest populations and a necessity of continued monitoring for insecticide resistance with both bioassay and biochemical approaches. Results indicated that using major detoxification enzyme activities for resistance monitoring may provide insight into acephate resistance in field populations of TPB. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 103 IS 3 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.05.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 983QS UT WOS:000307134400007 ER PT J AU Zakharenkova, TS Aver'yanov, AA Pasechnik, TD Lapikova, VP Baker, CJ AF Zakharenkova, Tatiana S. Aver'yanov, Andrey A. Pasechnik, Tatiana D. Lapikova, Vera P. Baker, Con Jacyn TI Surface contact of cucumber or rice leaves with water can suppress their fungal diseases SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cladosporium cucumerinum; Cucumis sativus; Disease resistance; Leaf surface; Magnaporthe grisea; Oryza sativa; Superoxide radical; Water metabolism ID CUTIN MONOMERS; ACTIVE OXYGEN; BLAST DISEASE; RESISTANCE; PLANT; FUNGITOXICITY; EXCRETIONS; INFECTION; FORMS AB Small amounts of water placed onto leaf surface for one day just before challenge inoculation were found to reduce severity of blast disease of rice and cucurbit scab of cucumber. The effect was only local in the first pathosystem and both local and systemic in the second one. In rice, the reduction in symptoms was preceded by increased superoxide production in the treated leaves. Presumably, water liberates plant elicitors inducing oxidative burst and other defense responses that render the plant relatively resistant. This reaction may be an adaptation of plants to higher risk of infections under humid conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zakharenkova, Tatiana S.; Aver'yanov, Andrey A.; Pasechnik, Tatiana D.; Lapikova, Vera P.] Res Inst Phytopathol, Bvyazemy 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. [Baker, Con Jacyn] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aver'yanov, AA (reprint author), Res Inst Phytopathol, Bvyazemy 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. EM aaveryanov@post.ru FU ARS USDA [2682p] FX The work was supported by the grant #2682p of ARS USDA mediated by the International Science and Technology Center. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 79 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2012.03.002 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 981TS UT WOS:000306994200003 ER PT J AU Baird, RA Verbyla, D Hollingsworth, TN AF Baird, Rebecca A. Verbyla, David Hollingsworth, Teresa N. TI Browning of the landscape of interior Alaska based on 1986-2009 Landsat sensor NDVI SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRENDS; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; SATELLITE DATA; WHITE SPRUCE; TANANA RIVER; TREE GROWTH; FOREST; DROUGHT; ECOSYSTEMS; CANADA AB We used a time series of 1986-2009 Landsat sensor data to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 30 m pixels within the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest of interior Alaska. Based on simple linear regression, we found significant (p < 0.05) declining trends in mean NDVI of three dominant landscape types of floodplains, lowlands, and uplands. At smaller patch sizes, similar declining trends occurred among topographic classes of north- and south-facing slopes and valley bottoms and among forest classes, including black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.). Significant positive trends in mean NDVI occurred only in areas that were recently burned, whereas wetlands had no significant trend. The greatest departure from the NDVI trend line occurred following the 2004 drought for all forest classes except black spruce, which dominates the coldest sites, and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), which occurs on low, moist terraces within the Tanana River floodplain. The consistent long-term declining trend at several spatial scales may be due to a regional climatic regime shift that occurred in the mid-1970s. C1 [Baird, Rebecca A.; Verbyla, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] US Forest Serv, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Verbyla, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dlverbyla@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0620579]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; University of Alaska Fairbanks Center for Global Change FX We thank Janet Kidd, Dana Nossov, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback in helping improve the manuscript. We thank Becky Hewitt, Salley Anderson, Jamie Holingsworth, and Brian Charlton for assistance in the field and Martha Raynolds for technical expertise in vegetation mapping. Funding for the research was provided by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0620579 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Center for Global Change student grant. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1371 EP 1382 DI 10.1139/X2012-088 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 976UY UT WOS:000306612800017 ER PT J AU Evans, JA Davis, AS Raghu, S Ragavendran, A Landis, DA Schemske, DW AF Evans, Jeffrey A. Davis, Adam S. Raghu, S. Ragavendran, Ashok Landis, Douglas A. Schemske, Douglas W. TI The importance of space, time, and stochasticity to the demography and management of Alliaria petiolata SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alliaria petiolata; biological control; demography; environmental stochasticity; Illinois, USA; invasive species; matrix model; Michigan, USA; weed management ID MATRIX POPULATION-MODELS; SPECIES HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; GARLIC MUSTARD; INVASIVE PLANT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIEB CAVARA; GROWTH-RATE; BRASSICACEAE; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB As population modeling is increasingly called upon to guide policy and management, it is important that we understand not only the central tendencies of our study systems, but the consequences of their variation in space and time as well. The invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) is actively managed in the United States and is the focus of a developing biological control program. Two weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchus) that reduce fecundity (C. alliariae) and rosette survival plus fecundity (C. scrobicollis) are under consideration for release pending host specificity testing. We used a demographic modeling approach to (1) quantify variability in A. petiolata growth and vital rates and (2) assess the potential for single- or multiple-agent biocontrol to suppress growth of 12 A. petiolata populations in Illinois and Michigan studied over three plant generations. We used perturbation analyses and simulation models with stochastic environments to estimate stochastic growth rates (lambda(S)) and predict the probability of successful management using either a single biocontrol agent or two agent species together. Not all populations exhibited invasive dynamics. Estimates of lambda(S) ranged from 0.78 to 2.21 across sites, while annual, deterministic growth (lambda) varied up to sevenfold within individual sites. Given our knowledge of the biocontrol agents, this analysis suggests that C. scrobicollis alone may control A. petiolata at up to 63% of our study sites where lambda(S) > 1, with the combination of both agents predicted to succeed at 88% of sites. Across sites and years, the elasticity rankings were dependent on lambda. Reductions of rosette survival, fecundity, or germination of new seeds are predicted to cause the greatest reduction of lambda in growing populations. In declining populations, transitions affecting seed bank survival have the greatest effect on lambda. This contrasts with past analyses that varied parameters individually in an otherwise constant matrix, which may yield unrealistic predictions by decoupling natural parameter covariances. Overall, comparisons of stochastic and deterministic growth rates illustrate how analyses of individual populations or years could misguide management or fail to characterize complex traits such as invasiveness that emerge as attributes of populations rather than species. C1 [Evans, Jeffrey A.; Landis, Douglas A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Davis, Adam S.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Raghu, S.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Ragavendran, Ashok] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schemske, Douglas W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Evans, JA (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM jeff@jeffreyevans.org RI Raghu, S./A-1281-2010 OI Raghu, S./0000-0001-5843-5435 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2005-35320-15312] FX We thank Tara Lehman, Molly Murphy, Rob Johnson, Marc Wegener, Susan Post, Jordan Shelley, the Landis, Schemske, Davis, and Raghu laboratories, and many others who assisted with field and laboratory work, and The Nature Conservancy, the Edward Lowe Foundation, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Kent County Parks, Ottawa County Parks, the Shiawassee YMCA Camp, Robert Bartelt, Todd Ehrenputsch (Army Corps of Engineers, Farmdale, Illinois), Wayne Vanderploeg (Cook County Forest Preserve District, Illinois), and the Gasinski family for access to field sites. Carol Horvitz shared sections of code used in the analyses. Hal Caswell offered helpful insights into the use of lower-level elasticities. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), grant 2005-35320-15312, and fellowships to J. Evans: The Michigan State University (MSU) Plant Sciences Fellowship, EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship FP-91650101, an MSU Dissertation Completion Fellowship, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship in the Life Sciences award to Dartmouth College (R. Sloboda, PI). NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 105 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1497 EP 1511 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400010 PM 22908709 ER PT J AU Boyden, S Montgomery, R Reich, PB Palik, B AF Boyden, Suzanne Montgomery, Rebecca Reich, Peter B. Palik, Brian TI Seeing the forest for the heterogeneous trees: stand-scale resource distributions emerge from tree-scale structure SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aggregate retention silviculture; competition; dispersal patterns; forest structure; gap size; heterogeneity; light; likelihood modeling; neighborhood index; nutrients; Pinus resinosa; variable-retention harvesting ID SAPLING GROWTH; LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CANOPY; PINE; COMPETITION; UNDERSTORY; OVERSTORY; MODEL; AVAILABILITY AB Forest ecosystem processes depend on local interactions that are modified by the spatial pattern of trees and resources. Effects of resource supplies on processes such as regeneration are increasingly well understood, yet we have few tools to compare resource heterogeneity among forests that differ in structural complexity. We used a neighborhood approach to examine understory light and nutrient availability in a well-replicated and large-scale variable-retention harvesting experiment in a red pine forest in Minnesota, USA. The experiment included an unharvested control and three harvesting treatments with similar tree abundance but different patterns of retention (evenly dispersed as well as aggregated retention achieved by cutting 0.1- or 0.3-ha gaps). We measured light and soil nutrients across all treatments and mapped trees around each sample point to develop an index of neighborhood effects (NI). Field data and simulation modeling were used to test hypotheses that the mean and heterogeneity of resource availability would increase with patchiness because of greater variation in competitive environments. Our treatments dramatically altered the types and abundances of competitive neighborhoods (NI) in each stand and resulted in significantly nonlinear relationships of light, nitrogen and phosphorus availability to NI. Hence, the distribution of neighborhoods in each treatment had a significant impact on resource availability and heterogeneity. In dense control stands, neighborhood variation had little impact on resource availability, whereas in more open stands (retention treatments), it had large effects on light and modest effects on soil nutrients. Our results demonstrate that tree spatial pattern can affect resource availability and heterogeneity in explainable and predictable ways, and that neighborhood models provide a useful tool for scaling heterogeneity from the individual tree to the stand. These insights are needed to anticipate the outcomes of silvicultural manipulations and should become more holistically integrated into both basic ecological and management science. C1 [Boyden, Suzanne] Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. [Montgomery, Rebecca; Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. [Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Boyden, S (reprint author), Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. EM sboyden@clarion.edu RI Montgomery, Rebecca/J-5774-2013 OI Montgomery, Rebecca/0000-0002-4131-1847 FU USDA NRI CREES Award [2006-35101-17061]; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Wilderness Research Foundation; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station [MIN-42-074] FX We thank Christel Kern, Kathryn Lang, Doug Kastendick, and Susan Barrott for field crew supervision and data organization, and Kelly Barrett and Barb Knight of the Chippewa National Forest for logistic support. Doris Nelson assisted with soil nutrient analyses, and Mark Holland provided expert statistical consulting. Thanks to the numerous students and members of short-term field crews for field data collection. Valuable feedback was provided by three anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by USDA NRI CREES Award No. 2006-35101-17061, the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, the Wilderness Research Foundation, and the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station MIN-42-074. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1578 EP 1588 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400016 PM 22908715 ER PT J AU Raymond, CL McKenzie, D AF Raymond, Crystal L. McKenzie, Donald TI Carbon dynamics of forests in Washington, USA: 21st century projections based on climate-driven changes in fire regimes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon; climate change; fire regime; forest; mitigation; Pacific Northwest, USA ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE MORTALITY-RATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATIONAL-PARK; HISTORICAL RANGE; STORAGE; GROWTH AB During the 21st century, climate-driven changes in fire regimes will be a key agent of change in forests of the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW). Understanding the response of forest carbon (C) dynamics to increases in fire will help quantify limits on the contribution of forest C storage to climate change mitigation and prioritize forest types for monitoring C storage and fire management to minimize C loss. In this study, we used projections of 21st century area burned to explore the consequences of changes in fire regimes on C dynamics in forests of Washington State. We used a novel empirical approach that takes advantage of chronosequences of C pools and fluxes and statistical properties of fire regimes to explore the effects of shifting age class distributions on C dynamics. Forests of the western Cascades are projected to be more sensitive to climate-driven increases in fire, and thus projected changes in C dynamics, than forests of the eastern Cascades. In the western Cascades, mean live biomass C is projected to decrease by 24-37%, and coarse woody debris (CWD) biomass C by 15-25% for the 2040s. Loss of live biomass C is projected to be lower for forests of the eastern Cascades and Okanogan Highlands (17-26%), and CWD biomass is projected to increase. Landscape mean net primary productivity is projected to increase in wet low-elevation forests of the western Cascades, but decrease elsewhere. These forests, and moist forests of the Okanogan Highlands, are projected to have the greatest percentage increases in consumption of live biomass. Percentage increases in consumption of CWD biomass are greater than 50% for all regions and up to four times greater than increases in consumption of live biomass. Carbon sequestration in PNW forests will be highly sensitive to increases in fire, suggesting a cautious approach to managing these forests for C sequestration to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions. C1 [Raymond, Crystal L.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Raymond, Crystal L.; McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Raymond, CL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM craymond@fs.fed.us FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148, 1866]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; USGS Global Change Research Program FX This publication was partially supported by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement Number NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148, contribution number 1866. Additional funding came from the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and the USGS Global Change Research Program. This publication is a product of the Western Mountain Initiative. James K. Agee, David L. Peterson, and Jeffrey Hicke provided helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. Robert Norheim assisted with maps and figures. NR 101 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1589 EP 1611 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400017 PM 22908716 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ Wang, GY AF Mou, Beiquan Wang, Guangyao TI Asia's Indigenous Horticultural Crops: An Introduction SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mou, Beiquan] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Wang, Guangyao] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 7 BP 819 EP 820 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 976JP UT WOS:000306581000002 ER PT J AU Julian, JW Strik, BC Larco, HO Bryla, DR Sullivan, DM AF Julian, James W. Strik, Bernadine C. Larco, Handell O. Bryla, David R. Sullivan, Dan M. TI Costs of Establishing Organic Northern Highbush Blueberry: Impacts of Planting Method, Fertilization, and Mulch Type SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; sawdust; compost; weed mat; landscape fabric; fish emulsion; feather meal; economics; cost of production ID NITROGEN; GROWTH; SOIL; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; NUTRITION; APPLE; YIELD AB A systems trial was established to evaluate factorial management practices for organic production of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The practices included: flat and raised planting beds; feather meal and fish emulsion fertilizer applied at 29 and 57 kg.ha(-1) of nitrogen (N); sawdust mulch, compost topped with sawdust mulch (compost + sawdust), or weed mat; and two cultivars, Duke and Liberty. The planting was established in Oct. 2006 and was certified organic in 2008. Weeds were managed by hand-hoeing or pulling in sawdust and weed mat-mulched plots and a combination of hand-pulling, propane-flaming, and post-emergent, targeted applications of acetic acid or lemon grass oil to any weeds present in the compost + sawdust plots depending on year. Data were recorded on input costs and returns in Year 0 (establishment year) through Year 3. Plants were harvested beginning the second year after planting. Planting costs were $741/ha higher on raised beds than on the flat, but the higher costs were more than offset by an average of 63% greater yields that improved net returns by as much as $2861/ha. Cumulative net returns after 3 years were negative and ranged from -$32,967 to -$50,352/ha when grown on raised beds and from -$34,320 to -$52,848/ha when grown on flat beds, depending on cultivar, mulch, and fertilizer rate and source. The greatest yields were obtained in plants fertilized with the low rate of fish emulsion or the high rate of feather meal, but fertilizing with fish emulsion by hand cost (materials and labor) as much as $5066/ha more than feather meal. Higher costs of establishment and pruning for 'Liberty' compared with 'Duke' were offset by higher net returns in all treatment combinations, except feather meal fertilizer with either weed mat or compost + sawdust mulch. Mulch type affected establishment costs, weed presence, and weed management costs, which included product and labor costs for application of herbicides (acetic acid and lemon grass oil) as well as labor for hand-weeding as needed, depending on the treatment. The highest yielding treatment combinations (growing on raised beds mulched with compost + sawdust and fertilized with fish emulsion) improved cumulative net returns as much as $19,333/ha over 3 years. C1 [Strik, Bernadine C.; Larco, Handell O.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Julian, James W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Sullivan, Dan M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Blueberry Commission; Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; Washington Blueberry Commission; NIFA-OREI program FX We would like to recognize the financial support provided by the Oregon Blueberry Commission, the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, The Washington Blueberry Commission, and the NIFA-OREI program. We appreciate the valuable assistance of Emily Vollmer and Gil Buller at Oregon State University. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 7 BP 866 EP 873 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 976JP UT WOS:000306581000013 ER PT J AU VandenLangenberg, KM Bethke, PC Nienhuis, J AF VandenLangenberg, Kyle M. Bethke, Paul C. Nienhuis, James TI Patterns of Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose Accumulation in Snap and Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Pods SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sugar; fructose; glucose; sucrose; pod development; metabolism; bean breeding; taste; vegetables ID GREEN BEANS; COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES; HPLC DETERMINATION; MUSKMELON FRUITS; VEGETABLES; SUGAR; FLAVOR; FRESH; PLANT; IDENTIFICATION AB Sugars, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Little is known regarding differences in sugar content among snap bean and dry bean cultivars and the patterns of sugar accumulation with increasing pod size. Alcohol-soluble sugar concentration of five snap bean cultivars and one dry bean cultivar planted in field trials was assayed throughout pod development over 2 years using high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant differences in sugar accumulation patterns and quantity were observed among cultivars. In general, fructose and glucose content decreased, whereas sucrose increased with increasing pod size in snap beans. In contrast, fructose and glucose amounts increased, whereas sucrose concentration remained unchanged with increasing pod size in the dry bean cultivar. No year-by-genotype interactions were observed for sugar accumulation patterns or sugar amount. Results indicate that sieve size No. 3 (7.34 to 8.33 mm) or No. 4 (8.33 to 9.52 mm) pods are suitable for detecting differences in sugar concentration among genotypes. C1 [VandenLangenberg, Kyle M.; Bethke, Paul C.; Nienhuis, James] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bethke, Paul C.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nienhuis, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM nienhuis@wisc.edu FU Federal Multistate HATCH project [W150, WIS01427, WIS01540] FX This research was financially supported by the Federal Multistate (W150) HATCH project grants WIS01427 and WIS01540. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 7 BP 874 EP 878 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 976JP UT WOS:000306581000014 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Strik, BC Banados, MP Righetti, TL AF Bryla, David R. Strik, Bernadine C. Pilar Banados, M. Righetti, Timothy L. TI Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment-II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; fertilizer rate; integrated plant nutrient management; macronutrients; micronutrients; nutrient partitioning; plant dry matter; reallocation ID ELEMENT CONTENT; RED RASPBERRY; GROWTH; (15)NITROGEN; FRUIT; MULCH AB A study was done to determine the macro- and micronutrient requirements of young northern highbush blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Bluecrop') during the first 2 years of establishment and to examine how these requirements were affected by the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied. The plants were spaced 1.2 x 3.0 m apart and fertilized with 0, 50, or 100 kg.ha(-1) of N, 35 kg.ha(-1) of phosphorus (P), and 66 kg.ha(-1) of potassium (K) each spring. A light fruit crop was harvested during the second year after planting. Plants were excavated and parts sampled for complete nutrient analysis at six key stages of development, from leaf budbreak after planting to fruit harvest the next year. The concentration of several nutrients in the leaves, including N, P, calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn), increased with N fertilizer application, whereas leaf boron (B) concentration decreased. In most cases, the concentration of nutrients was within or above the range considered normal for mature blueberry plants, although leaf N was below normal in plants grown without fertilizer in Year 1, and leaf B was below normal in plants fertilized with 50 or 100 kg.ha(-1) N in Year 2. Plants fertilized with 50 kg.ha(-1) N were largest, producing 22% to 32% more dry weight (DW) the first season and 78% to 90% more DW the second season than unfertilized plants or plants fertilized with 100 kg.ha(-1) N. Most DW accumulated in new shoots, leaves, and roots in both years as well as in fruit the second year. New shoot and leaf DW was much greater each year when plants were fertilized with 50 or 100 kg.ha(-1) N, whereas root DW was only greater at fruit harvest and only when 50 kg.ha(-1) N was applied. Application of 50 kg.ha(-1) N also increased DW of woody stems by fruit harvest, but neither 50 nor 100 kg.ha(-1) N had a significant effect on crown, flower, or fruit DW. Depending on treatment, plants lost 16% to 29% of total biomass at leaf abscission, 3% to 16% when pruned in winter, and 13% to 32% at fruit harvest. The content of most nutrients in the plant followed the same patterns of accumulation and loss as plant DW. However, unlike DW, magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) content in new shoots and leaves was similar among N treatments the first year, and N fertilizer increased N and S content in woody stems much earlier than it increased biomass of the stems. Likewise, N, P, S, and Zn content in the crown were greater at times when N fertilizer was applied, whereas K and Ca content were sometimes lower. Overall, plants fertilized with 50 kg.ha(-1) N produced the most growth and, from planting to first fruit harvest, required 34.8 kg.ha(-1) N, 2.3 kg.ha(-1) P, 12.5 kg.ha(-1) K, 8.4 kg.ha(-1) Ca, 3.8 kg.ha(-1) Mg, 5.9 S, 295 g.ha(-1) Fe, 40 B, 23 g.ha(-1) copper (Cu), 1273 g.ha(-1) Mn, and 65 g.ha(-1) Zn. Thus, of the total amount of fertilizer applied over 2 years, only 21% of the N, 3% of the P, and 9% of the K were used by plants during establishment. C1 [Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Strik, Bernadine C.; Pilar Banados, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pilar Banados, M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Fruticultura & Enol, Santiago, Chile. [Righetti, Timothy L.] Univ Guam, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM david.bryla@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon Blueberry Commission; Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX We thank G. Buller, H. Rempel, and M. Resendes for technical support and acknowledge financial support from the Oregon Blueberry Commission and the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 7 BP 917 EP 926 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 976JP UT WOS:000306581000021 ER PT J AU Santiago, HC LeeVan, E Bennuru, S Ribeiro-Gomes, F Mueller, E Wilson, M Wynn, T Garboczi, D Urban, J Mitre, E Nutman, TB AF Santiago, Helton C. LeeVan, Elyse Bennuru, Sasisekhar Ribeiro-Gomes, Flavia Mueller, Ellen Wilson, Mark Wynn, Thomas Garboczi, David Urban, Joseph Mitre, Edward Nutman, Thomas B. TI Molecular mimicry between cockroach and helminth glutathione S-transferases promotes cross-reactivity and cross-sensitization SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GST; cockroach; allergy; hygiene hypothesis; cross-reactivity; filariasis ID IGE ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; REGULATORY T-CELLS; ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES; ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; PARASITE INFECTION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; GERMAN-COCKROACH; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; MAJOR ALLERGEN AB Background: The extensive similarities between helminth proteins and allergens are thought to contribute to helminth-driven allergic sensitization. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the cross-reactivity between a major glutathione-S transferase allergen of cockroach (Bla g 5) and the glutathione-S transferase of Wuchereria bancrofti (WbGST), a major lymphatic filarial pathogen of humans. Methods: We compared the molecular and structural similarities between Bla g 5 and WbGST by in silico analysis and by linear epitope mapping. The levels of IgE, IgG, and IgG(4) antibodies were measured in filarial-infected and filarial-uninfected patients. Mice were infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri, and their skin was tested for cross-reactive allergic responses. Results: These 2 proteins are 30% identical at the amino acid level with remarkable similarity in the N-terminal region and overall structural conservation based on predicted 3-dimensional models. Filarial infection was associated with IgE, IgG, and IgG(4) anti-Bla g 5 antibody production, with a significant correlation between antibodies (irrespective of isotype) to Bla g 5 and WbGST (P < .0003). Preincubation of sera from cockroach-allergic subjects with WbGST partially depleted (by 50%-70%) anti-Bla g 5 IgE, IgG, and IgG(4) antibodies. IgE epitope mapping of Bla g 5 revealed that 2 linear N-terminal epitopes are highly conserved in WbGST corresponding to Bla g 5 peptides partially involved in the inhibition of WbGST binding. Finally, mice infected with H bakeri developed anti-HbGST IgE and showed immediate-type skin test reactivity to Bla g 5. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that helminth glutathione-S transferase and the aeroallergen Bla g 5 share epitopes that can induce allergic cross-sensitization. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:248-56.) C1 [Santiago, Helton C.; LeeVan, Elyse; Bennuru, Sasisekhar; Ribeiro-Gomes, Flavia; Wilson, Mark; Wynn, Thomas; Nutman, Thomas B.] NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mueller, Ellen; Mitre, Edward] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Garboczi, David] NIAID, Immunogenet Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Urban, Joseph] Agr Res Serv, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Santiago, HC (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 4 Ctr Dr,Bldg 4,Rm B1-05, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM helton.santiago@nih.gov RI Ribeiro-Gomes, Flavia/F-7609-2015; Santiago, Helton/F-8704-2012; Vacinas, Inct/J-9431-2013 OI Santiago, Helton/0000-0002-5695-8256; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869; FU Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.; Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: T. B. Nutman received research support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 130 IS 1 BP 248 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.045 PG 18 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 977GN UT WOS:000306644800034 PM 22541242 ER PT J AU Arthur, MA Alexander, HD Dey, DC Schweitzer, CJ Loftis, DL AF Arthur, Mary A. Alexander, Heather D. Dey, Daniel C. Schweitzer, Callie J. Loftis, David L. TI Refining the Oak-Fire Hypothesis for Management of Oak-Dominated Forests of the Eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE oak-fire hypothesis; oak regeneration; forest management; oak ecology; prescribed fire ID REPEATED PRESCRIBED FIRES; NORTH-AMERICA; ADVANCE REGENERATION; ACORN PRODUCTION; HARDWOOD REGENERATION; SHELTERWOOD STANDS; CUMBERLAND PLATEAU; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; QUERCUS-ALBA AB Prescribed fires are increasingly implemented throughout eastern deciduous forests to accomplish various management objectives, including maintenance of oak-dominated (Quercus spp.) forests. Despite a regional research-based understanding of prehistoric and historic fire regimes, a parallel understanding of contemporary fire use to preserve oak forests is only emerging, and with somewhat inconsistent results. For prescribed fires to be effective, they must positively influence oak regeneration at one or more critical life stages: pollination, flowering, seed set, germination, establishment, seedling development, and release into the canopy. We posit that a simplistic view of the relationship between fire and oak forests has led to a departure from an ecologically based management approach with prescribed fire. Here, we call for a refinement in our thinking to improve the match between management tools and objectives and provide some guidelines for thinking more ecologically about when and where to apply fire on the landscape to sustain oak-dominated forests. C1 [Arthur, Mary A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Alexander, Heather D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Schweitzer, Callie J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Upland Hardwood Ecol & Management, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Loftis, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Arthur, MA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 205 TP Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM marthur@uky.edu; hdalexander@ufl.edu; ddey@fs.fed.us; csshweitzer@fs.fed.us; davidloftis@bellsouth.net NR 87 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 51 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 110 IS 5 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.5849/jof.11-080 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 976JK UT WOS:000306580500003 ER PT J AU Jain, TB AF Jain, Theresa B. TI The Role of Experimental Forests in Science and Management SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tjain@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 110 IS 5 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 976JK UT WOS:000306580500006 ER PT J AU Sgolastra, F Kemp, WP Maini, S Bosch, J AF Sgolastra, Fabio Kemp, William P. Maini, Stefano Bosch, Jordi TI Duration of prepupal summer dormancy regulates synchronization of adult diapause with winter temperatures in bees of the genus Osmia SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Summer diapause; Fluctuating temperature; Thermoperiod; Climate change; Global warming ID SOLITARY BEE; LIGNARIA HYMENOPTERA; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; INSECT DIAPAUSE; NESTING-BEHAVIOR; CHRYSOPA-OCULATA; EMERGENCE TIME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORNUTA LATR; BODY-SIZE AB Osmia (Osmia) bees are strictly univoltine and winter as diapausing adults. In these species, the timing of adult eclosion with the onset of wintering conditions is critical, because adults exposed to long pre-wintering periods show increased lipid loss and winter mortality. Populations from warm areas fly in February-March and are exposed to longer growth seasons than populations from colder areas, which fly in April-May. Given their inability to produce an extra generation, early-flying populations should develop more slowly than late-flying populations and thus avoid the negative consequences of long pre-wintering periods. In this study we compare the development under natural and laboratory conditions of phenologically-distinct populations in two Osmia species. Early-flying populations took similar to 2 months longer to develop than late-flying populations. Differences between populations in larval and pupal period duration were very small, whereas the prepupal period was much longer in early-flying populations. In contrast to the larval and pupal stages, the prepupal stage showed a non-linear response to temperature, was strongly affected by thermoperiod, and exhibited minimum respiration rates. Coupled with other lines of evidence, these results suggest that the prepupal period in Osmia corresponds to a summer diapause, and its duration may be under local selection to synchronize adult eclosion with the onset of winter temperatures. We discuss the implications of our results relative to current expectations of global warming. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sgolastra, Fabio; Maini, Stefano] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Kemp, William P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND USA. [Bosch, Jordi] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Bosch, Jordi] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Sgolastra, F (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali Entomol, Viale G Fanin 42, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM fabio.sgolastra2@unibo.it OI Maini, Stefano/0000-0001-7272-1243; Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457; Sgolastra, Fabio/0000-0002-2845-8297 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGR. 91-0988, CSD2008-00040]; University of Bologna FX Thanks are due to J. Calzadilla, M.A. Escolano, M. Lopez and N. Vicens (Barcelona), G. Trostle, S. Kalaskar and P. Rieger (Logan) and S. Pryor (San Luis Obispo) for their help with obtaining populations and monitoring development. The manuscript was improved through comments from J. Bowsher (North Dakota State University), J.P. Rinehart (USDA-ARS, Fargo, North Dakota), and two anonymous reviewers. This study was partially supported by DGICYT project AGR. 91-0988 and CONSOLIDER project CSD2008-00040 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) to J.B., and a Ph.D. scholarship from the University of Bologna to F.S. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 58 IS 7 BP 924 EP 933 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.04.008 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 978TC UT WOS:000306767700007 PM 22546562 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Andrews, KB Shugart, HJ Greve, LC Labavitch, JM Alhaddad, H AF Backus, Elaine A. Andrews, Kim B. Shugart, Holly J. Greve, L. Carl Labavitch, John M. Alhaddad, Hasan TI Salivary enzymes are injected into xylem by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, a vector of Xylella fastidiosa SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electrical penetration graph; EPG; Xylella fastidiosa transmission; Glucanase; Hemiptera ID HEMIPTERA CICADELLIDAE CICADELLINAE; ADULT HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; INTERVESSEL PIT MEMBRANES; FASCIFRONS STAL HOMOPTERA; GRAPH WAVE-FORM; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; STYLET PENETRATION; PLANT-PATHOGENS; VITIS-VINIFERA; AMINO-ACIDS AB A few phytophagous hemipteran species such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis, (Germar), subsist entirely on xylem fluid. Although poorly understood, aspects of the insect's salivary physiology may facilitate both xylem-feeding and transmission of plant pathogens. Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that causes Pierce's disease of grape and other scorch diseases in many important crops. X. fastidiosa colonizes the anterior foregut (precibarium and cibarium) of H. vitripennis and other xylem-feeding vectors. Bacteria form a dense biofilm anchored in part by an exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix that is reported to have a beta-1,4-glucan backbone. Recently published evidence supports the following, salivation-egestion hypothesis for the inoculation of X. fastidiosa during vector feeding. The insect secretes saliva into the plant and then rapidly takes up a mixture of saliva and plant constituents. During turbulent fluid movements in the precibarium, the bacteria may become mechanically and enzymatically dislodged: the mixture is then egested back out through the stylets into plant cells, possibly including xylem vessels. The present study found that proteins extracted from dissected H. vitripennis salivary glands contain several enzyme activities capable of hydrolyzing glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides such as those found in EPS and plant cell walls, based on current information about the structures of those polysaccharides. One of these enzymes, a beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EGase) was enriched in the salivary gland protein extract by subjecting the extract to a few, simple purification steps. The EGase-enriched extract was then used to generate a polyclonal antiserum that was used for immunohistochemical imaging of enzymes in sharpshooter salivary sheaths in grape. Results showed that enzyme-containing gelling saliva is injected into xylem vessels during sharpshooter feeding, in one case being carried by the transpiration stream away from the injection site. Thus, the present study provides support for the salivation-egestion hypothesis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Backus, Elaine A.; Shugart, Holly J.] USDA Agr Res Serv, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Andrews, Kim B.; Greve, L. Carl; Labavitch, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alhaddad, Hasan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), USDA Agr Res Serv, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Elaine.Backus@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Alhaddad, Hasan/0000-0001-7904-2913 FU University of California; USDA-ARS FX We thank David Morgan, California Dept. of Food and Agriculture, Mt. Rubidoux Field Station, Riverside, CA, for providing study insects from his H. vitripennis colony. We also extend appreciation to Jose Gutierrez and Cole Pearson, ARS Parlier, for rearing plants as well as collecting, transporting and maintaining insects for this study. Great appreciation is also extended to Qiang Sun, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, for help in interpreting control images. Greg Phillips, ARS Parlier, provided invaluable assistance with the Western blotting and also reviewed parts of an earlier draft of the manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. Funds for this research came from a grant to Backus from the University of California Pierce's Disease Research Program, plus her in-house USDA-ARS funding. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 58 IS 7 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.04.011 PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 978TC UT WOS:000306767700010 PM 22587965 ER PT J AU Deng, MY Millien, M Jacques-Simon, R Flanagan, JK Bracht, AJ Carrillo, C Barrette, RW Fabian, A Mohamed, F Moran, K Rowland, J Swenson, SL Jenkins-Moore, M Koster, L Thomsen, BV Mayr, G Pyburn, D Morales, P Shaw, J Burrage, T White, W McIntosh, MT Metwally, S AF Deng, Ming Y. Millien, Max Jacques-Simon, Rodney Flanagan, J. Keith Bracht, Alexa J. Carrillo, Consuelo Barrette, Roger W. Fabian, Andrew Mohamed, Fawzi Moran, Karen Rowland, Jessica Swenson, Sabrina L. Jenkins-Moore, Melinda Koster, Leo Thomsen, Bruce V. Mayr, Gregory Pyburn, Dave Morales, Paula Shaw, John Burrage, Thomas White, William McIntosh, Michael T. Metwally, Samia TI Diagnosis of Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis in the Republic of Haiti SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Haiti; genome sequence; Porcine teschovirus; teschovirus encephalomyelitis ID SWINE FEVER VIRUS; PCR ASSAY; POLIOENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ENTEROVIRUSES; PHYLOGENIES; ISOLATE AB In February and March 2009, approximately 1,500 backyard pigs of variable age became sick, and approximately 700 of them died or were euthanized in the Lower Artibonite Valley and the Lower Plateau of the Republic of Haiti. The main clinical sign was posterior ataxia followed by paresis and/or paralysis on the second or third day of illness. No gross lesions were observed at postmortem examinations. The morbidity and mortality were approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. Diagnostic samples (whole blood, brain, tonsil, lymph nodes, spleen, and lung) were negative for Classical swine fever virus and African swine fever virus. Porcine teschovirus type 1 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions in brain samples. Results of virus isolation, electron microscopy of virus particles, histopathological analysis on brain tissues, nucleic acid sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the viral isolate supported the diagnosis of teschovirus encephalomyelitis. The outbreak of the disease in Haiti is the first appearance of the severe form of teschovirus encephalomyelitis in the Americas. This disease poses a potential threat to the swine industries in other Caribbean countries, as well as to Central and North American countries. C1 [Deng, Ming Y.; Bracht, Alexa J.; Carrillo, Consuelo; Barrette, Roger W.; Fabian, Andrew; Mohamed, Fawzi; Moran, Karen; Rowland, Jessica; Mayr, Gregory; McIntosh, Michael T.; Metwally, Samia] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, NVSL,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Burrage, Thomas; White, William] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Dept Homeland Secur, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Millien, Max; Jacques-Simon, Rodney] Minist Agr, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Flanagan, J. Keith] Inst Int Cooperat Agr, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Swenson, Sabrina L.; Jenkins-Moore, Melinda; Koster, Leo; Thomsen, Bruce V.] APHIS, USDA, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Pyburn, Dave] APHIS, USDA, VS, Swine Hlth Program, Des Moines, IA USA. [Morales, Paula; Shaw, John] APHIS, USDA, Int Serv, US Embassy, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Deng, MY (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, NVSL,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM ming.y.deng@aphis.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1177/1040638712445769 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983KR UT WOS:000307118700004 PM 22604774 ER PT J AU Zanella, EL Miller, LC Lager, KM Bigelow, TT AF Zanella, Eraldo L. Miller, Laura C. Lager, Kelly M. Bigelow, Troy T. TI Evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for Pseudorabies virus surveillance purposes SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Pseudorabies virus; real-time polymerase chain reaction; swine. ID DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; FLORIDA; SWINE; PIGS AB Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the cause of Aujeszky's disease, a disease that is significant economically for the swine industry worldwide. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the gB and gE genes was used to identify PRV nucleic acid in diagnostic samples. Using virus isolation (VI) as the gold standard, the PCR assay performed well in a variety of diagnostic matrices. Testing was conducted on 1,027 nasal swabs with the following findings: gB sensitivity: 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.3-96.4%), specificity: 71.0% (95% CI: 64.0-77.3%); gE sensitivity: 94.6% (95% CI: 92.3-96.4%), specificity: 79.3% (95% CI: 72.9-84.7%). Diagnostic performance of the real-time PCR assay developed as a testing method indicates that it is a rapid, accurate assay that can provide reliable results on clinical samples. C1 [Zanella, Eraldo L.; Miller, Laura C.; Lager, Kelly M.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zanella, Eraldo L.] Univ Passo Fundo, Curso Med Vet, Passo Fundo, Brazil. [Bigelow, Troy T.] Vet Serv, USDA, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM laura.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 FU CNPq/Brazil; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [0414701]; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [0414701] FX Dr. Eraldo Zanella was a recipient of a scholarship from CNPq/Brazil in partial support of this work. The authors thank Dr. Romero from the University of Florida for the feral swine isolate FS268, Dr. Stallknecht from the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study for the feral swine isolate C3R Ossabaw Is and the panther isolate FP117-05, and Dr. Yoon from Iowa State University for the domestic swine isolate ISUVDL4892. The authors would also like to thank S. Anderson and D. Adolphson for technical assistance, and S. Ohlendorf for secretarial assistance in preparation of the manuscript.; The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by Interagency Agreement 0414701 between the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1177/1040638712447279 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983KR UT WOS:000307118700015 PM 22621947 ER PT J AU Nichols, TA Spraker, TR Gidlewski, T Powers, JG Telling, GC VerCauteren, KC Zabel, MD AF Nichols, Tracy A. Spraker, Terry R. Gidlewski, Tom Powers, Jenny G. Telling, Glenn C. VerCauteren, Kurt C. Zabel, Mark D. TI Detection of prion protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease using protein misfolding cyclic amplification SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cerebrospinal fluid; Cervus canadensis nelson; chronic wasting disease; protein misfolding cyclic amplification; prion protein; Rocky Mountain elk ID ELAPHUS-NELSONI; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; SEEDED CONVERSION; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; CWD PRIONS; PRPCWD; SCRAPIE; SHEEP; PRPRES AB Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been examined as a possible source for preclinical diagnosis of prion diseases in hamsters and sheep. The present report describes the detection of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in the CSF of elk and evaluates its usefulness as an antemortem test for CWD. The CSF from 6 captive and 31 free-ranging adult elk was collected at necropsy and evaluated for the presence of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein that has been associated with CWD (PrPCWD) via protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Additionally, the obex from each animal was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Four out of 6 captive animals were CWD-positive and euthanized due to signs of terminal CWD. The remaining 2 were CWD negative. None of the 31 free-range animals showed overt signs of CWD, but 12 out of 31 tested positive for CWD by IHC. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification detected PrPCWD from 3 of the 4 captive animals showing clinical signs of CWD and none of the nonclinical animals that were CWD positive by IHC. The data suggests that CWD prions can be detected in the CSF of elk, but only relatively late in the course of the disease. C1 [Nichols, Tracy A.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gidlewski, Tom] Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Spraker, Terry R.; Telling, Glenn C.; Zabel, Mark D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Pr Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Powers, Jenny G.] Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resources Management Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nichols, TA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM tracy.a.nichols@aphis.usda.gov FU North American Deer Farmers Association FX The authors thank the North American Deer Farmers Association for research support. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 746 EP 749 DI 10.1177/1040638712448060 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983KR UT WOS:000307118700016 PM 22621952 ER PT J AU Rogovskyy, AS Baszler, TV Bradway, DS Bruning, DL Davitt, CM Evermann, JF Burk, RD Chen, ZG Mansfield, KG Haldorson, GJ AF Rogovskyy, Artem S. Baszler, Timothy V. Bradway, Daniel S. Bruning, Darren L. Davitt, Christine M. Evermann, James F. Burk, Robert D. Chen, Zigui Mansfield, Kristin G. Haldorson, Gary J. TI A novel papillomavirus isolated from proliferative skin lesions of a wild American beaver (Castor canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE American beavers; Castor canadensis; cutaneous papillomatosis; papillomatosis; papillomavirus; proliferative skin lesion ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PAPILLOMATOSIS AB Cutaneous papillomatosis was diagnosed in an adult American beaver (Castor canadensis). Gross lesions included numerous exophytic, roughly circular, lightly pigmented lesions on hairless areas of fore and hind feet and the nose. The most significant histopathologic findings were multifocal papilliform hyperplasia of the superficial stratified squamous epithelium, with multifocal koilocytes, and multiple cells with large, darkly basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. A virus with properties consistent with papillomavirus (PV) was recovered by virus isolation of skin lesions, utilizing rabbit and feline kidney cell lines. The presence of the virus was confirmed by PV-specific polymerase chain reaction. The partial sequences of E1 and L1 genes did not closely match those of any PVs in GenBank, suggesting that this might be a new type of PV. Partial E1 and L1 nucleotide sequences of the beaver papillomavirus (hereafter, ARbeaver-PV1) were used to create a phylogenetic tree employing the complete E1 and L1 open reading frame nucleotide sequences of 68 PVs. The phylogenetic tree placed the ARbeaver-PV1 in a clade that included the Mupapillomavirus (HPV1 and HPV63) and Kappapapillomavirus (OcPV1 and SfPV1) genera. The present article confirms the papillomaviral etiology of cutaneous exophytic lesions in the beaver. C1 [Rogovskyy, Artem S.; Baszler, Timothy V.; Haldorson, Gary J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rogovskyy, Artem S.; Baszler, Timothy V.; Bradway, Daniel S.; Haldorson, Gary J.] Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Evermann, James F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bradway, Daniel S.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davitt, Christine M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Coll Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davitt, Christine M.] Washington State Univ, Franceschi Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, Coll Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bruning, Darren L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Olympia, WA USA. [Bruning, Darren L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Delta Junction, AK USA. [Burk, Robert D.; Chen, Zigui] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat & Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Mansfield, Kristin G.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. RP Rogovskyy, AS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM artem@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Chen, Zigui/E-8490-2017 FU Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Pullman, WA; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The current study was funded by the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Pullman, WA, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 750 EP 754 DI 10.1177/1040638712448654 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983KR UT WOS:000307118700017 PM 22649160 ER PT J AU Johnson, DJ Ostlund, EN Palmer, TJ Fett, KL Schmitt, BJ AF Johnson, Donna J. Ostlund, Eileen N. Palmer, Tiffany J. Fett, Kathryn L. Schmitt, Beverly J. TI Isolation of Equine rhinitis A virus from a horse semen sample SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Equine rhinitis A virus; polymerase chain reaction; semen; virus isolation ID PREVALENCE AB Semen from an apparently healthy 4-year-old American Quarter Horse was submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratories for Equine arteritis virus isolation. Visual inspection of the semen sample upon arrival noted it was unusually yellow in color. The semen sample was inoculated onto cell monolayers, and cytopathic effect was observed 5 days postinoculation. The resultant isolate tested negative for Equine arteritis virus, and was subsequently identified as Equine rhinitis A virus. Equine rhinitis A virus has been isolated from horse urine, but has not been described in stallion semen. The present study documents the isolation of Equine rhinitis A virus from stallion semen that was likely contaminated with urine at the time of collection. C1 [Johnson, Donna J.; Ostlund, Eileen N.; Palmer, Tiffany J.; Fett, Kathryn L.; Schmitt, Beverly J.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Johnson, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM donna.j.johnson@aphis.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 801 EP 803 DI 10.1177/1040638712447936 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983KR UT WOS:000307118700029 PM 22621949 ER PT J AU Sebastian, RS Enns, CW Goldman, JD Moshfegh, AJ AF Sebastian, Rhonda S. Enns, Cecilia Wilkinson Goldman, Joseph D. Moshfegh, Alanna J. TI Change in methodology for collection of drinking water intake in What We Eat in America/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: implications for analysis SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Drinking water intake; 24 h recall; National Health and Nutrition; Examination Survey; What We Eat in America ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; ENERGY; BEVERAGES; DIETARY AB Objective: To provide updated estimates of drinking water intake (total, tap, plain bottled) for groups aged >= 1 year in the USA and to determine whether intakes collected in 2005-2006 using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method for the 24 h recall differ from intakes collected in 2003-2004 via post-recall food-frequency type questions. Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Setting: What We Eat in America (WWEIA), the dietary intake component of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Subjects: Individuals aged >= 1 year in 2003-2004 (n 8249) and 2005-2006(n 8437) with one complete 24 h recall. Results: The estimate for the percentage of individuals who reported total drinking water in 2005-2006 was significantly (P<0.0000) smaller (76.9%) than that for 2003-2004 (87.1%), attributable to a lower percentage reporting tap water (54.1% in 2005-2006 v. 67.0% in 2003-2004; P=0.0001). Estimates of mean tap water intake differed between the survey cycles for men aged >= 71 years. Conclusions: Survey variables must be examined before combining or comparing data from multiple WWEIA/NHANES release cycles. For at least some age/gender groups, drinking water intake data from NHANES cycles prior to 2005-2006 should not be considered comparable to more recent data. C1 [Sebastian, Rhonda S.; Enns, Cecilia Wilkinson; Goldman, Joseph D.; Moshfegh, Alanna J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sebastian, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp,BARC W, Bldg 005,Room 102, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rhonda.Sebastian@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX This contribution is the work of US Government employees and is not subject to copyright protection in the USA. The funding source for this study was the USDA. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement from the US Government. None of the authors had a conflict of interest. R.S.S. contributed to the concept, design, analysis, interpretation of results and writing of the manuscript; C.W.E. contributed to the concept, literature review, interpretation of results, creation of tables and writing of the manuscript; J.D.G. contributed to the design and analysis and conducted the programming; A.J.M. contributed to the concept and design of the study. All co-authors reviewed and critiqued multiple drafts of the manuscripts. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 EI 1475-2727 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1190 EP 1195 DI 10.1017/S1368980012000316 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 976KL UT WOS:000306583400009 PM 22339887 ER PT J AU Olesnevich, ME Kuczmarski, MF Mason, M Fang, CS Zonderman, AB Evans, MK AF Olesnevich, Meghan E. Kuczmarski, Marie Fanelli Mason, Marc Fang, Chengshun Zonderman, Alan B. Evans, Michele K. TI Serum ferritin levels associated with increased risk for developing CHD in a low-income urban population SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CVD; Cohort study; Serum ferritin; CHD; Iron ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BODY IRON STORES; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; WOMEN; RACE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Objective: The present study examined the association of serum ferritin with CHD risk using the Framingham Heart Study's 10-year risk algorithm. Design: Ordinal logistic regression modelling was used to interpret risk. Proportional odds modelling assessed four divisions of ranked CHD risk (4, high; 3, increased; 2, slight; 1, minimal), separately by sex. Setting: Baltimore, MD, USA. Subjects: African-American and white participants (n 1823) from baseline of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, aged 30-64 years. Results: For men, there was a 0.5% increase in risk for every 10-unit rise in serum ferritin (pmol/l). Other significant predictors included increased BMI, white race, unemployment and C-reactive protein >= 9.5 mg/l. For women, there was a 5.1% increase in risk per 10-unit rise in serum ferritin (pmol/l). Other significant predictors included increased BMI, lower education, unemployment and C-reactive protein mg/l. Conclusions: Serum ferritin is a significant predictor of 10-year hard CHD risk for HANDLS study participants, a low-income, urban population. Serum ferritin, independent of elevated C-reactive protein, was associated with increased 10-year CHD risk for HANDLS participants. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence of the role of serum ferritin as a risk factor for hard CHD in African-American and white postmenopausal women in the USA. Future research on cardiovascular events from this prospective study may confirm the association. C1 [Kuczmarski, Marie Fanelli; Fang, Chengshun] Univ Delaware, Dept Behav Hlth & Nutr, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Olesnevich, Meghan E.] USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mason, Marc] NIA, MedStar Hlth Res Inst, Hlth Dispar Res Sect, Clin Res Branch,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Zonderman, Alan B.; Evans, Michele K.] NIA, Biomed Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Kuczmarski, MF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Behav Hlth & Nutr, 021 Carpenter Sports Bldg, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mfk@udel.edu OI Zonderman, Alan B/0000-0002-6523-4778 FU Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health. There are no conflicts of interest. M.E.O. conceived of and designed the study, conducted the literature review, and prepared the first manuscript draft. M.F.K. contributed to the design of the study, assisted with the interpretation of the data, and made critical revisions of the manuscript for intellectual content. She assisted in editing drafts and reviewing data analyses and interpretation. M.M. created the plan for the analytical approaches, performed all the statistical analyses, drafted the statistical analysis section of the paper, and critically reviewed and edited the results section. C.F. assisted with the final design of the study and contributed to the preparation of the manuscript, focusing on the Fe status measures. A.B.Z. and M.K.E. conceived of and designed the HANDLS study and directed its implementation. They were directly involved in data collection and quality assurance. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1291 EP 1298 DI 10.1017/S1368980011003284 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 976KL UT WOS:000306583400022 PM 22230289 ER PT J AU Bukun, B Nissen, SJ Shaner, DL Vassios, JD AF Bukun, Bekir Nissen, Scott J. Shaner, Dale L. Vassios, Joseph D. TI Imazamox Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism in Red Lentil and Dry Bean SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Imidazolinone herbicides; imazamox; absorption; translocation; metabolism; herbicide physiology ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS RESPONSE; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED-CONTROL; ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE; IMAZETHAPYR; HERBICIDE; BENTAZON AB Imazamox is an imidazolinone herbicide used to control many grasses and broadleaf weeds in leguminous crops such as soybean, alfalfa, and dry bean; however, imazamox cannot be used on red lentil due to unacceptable injury. Studies were conducted to compare imazamox absorption, translocation, and metabolism in red lentil and dry bean to determine if any or all of these factors contributed to differential crop sensitivity. Radiolabeled imazamox was applied to three young red lentil leaves and the youngest, fully expanded dry bean trifoliolate leaf. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism were followed over a 96-h time course. Red lentil had more rapid absorption compared to dry beans with 64 and 54% of the applied dose absorbed 12 h after treatment (HAT), respectively. Maximum absorption was also greater in red lentil than dry bean, 79 and 61%, respectively. Translocation out of the treated leaf was significantly higher in red lentil compared with dry bean, 16 and 0.5%, respectively, at 96 HAT. Translocation was greater to red lentil roots compared to shoots, 9 and 7%, respectively, at 96 HAT. In dry bean only 14% of applied C-14-imazamox remained intact 24 HAT, while 79% of the radioactivity was imazamox in red lentil 24 HAT. Both species metabolized the herbicide to more polar metabolites. The inherent sensitivity of aceolactate synthase (ALS) from dry bean and red lentil was also evaluated. ALS from both species had similar I-50 values for imazamox, 7.2 and 8.2 mu M, respectively. The combined effects of increased imazamox absorption and reduced imazamox metabolism are the major contributors to differential selectivity between dry bean and red lentil. Rapid imazamox metabolism in dry bean significantly limited herbicide translocation out of the treated leaf. C1 [Nissen, Scott J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bukun, Bekir] Dicle Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Diyarbakir, Turkey. [Shaner, Dale L.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Vassios, Joseph D.] United Phosphorous Inc, Rocklin, CA 95765 USA. RP Nissen, SJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.nissen@colostate.edu OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 FU TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific Research Counsel) [1090629]; Colorado State University FX The senior author wishes to acknowledge the financial support for Project Number 1090629 provided by TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific Research Counsel) and partial support for this collaborative project with Colorado State University. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 350 EP 354 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00182.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 983RV UT WOS:000307137300004 ER PT J AU Sosnoskie, LM Webster, TM Kichler, JM MacRae, AW Grey, TL Culpepper, AS AF Sosnoskie, Lynn M. Webster, Theodore M. Kichler, Jeremy M. MacRae, Andrew W. Grey, Timothy L. Culpepper, A. Stanley TI Pollen-Mediated Dispersal of Glyphosate-Resistance in Palmer Amaranth under Field Conditions SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate resistance; pollen movement; long distance dispersal ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; GENE-FLOW; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; SUGAR-BEET; INTERFERENCE; GEORGIA; POLLINATION; RETROFLEXUS; EVOLUTION; MOVEMENT AB In addition to being a strong competitor with cotton and other row crops, Palmer amaranth has developed resistance to numerous important agricultural herbicides, including glyphosate. The objective of this study was to determine if the glyphosate-resistance trait can be transferred via pollen movement from a glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth source to a glyphosate-susceptible sink. In 2006 and 2007 glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth plants were transplanted in the center of a 30-ha cotton field. Susceptible Palmer amaranth plants were transplanted into plots located at distances up to 300 m from the edge of the resistant pollen source in each of the four cardinal and ordinal directions. Except for the study plots, the interior of the field and surrounding acreage were kept free of Palmer amaranth by chemical and physical means. Seed was harvested from 249 and 292 mature females in October 2006 and 2007, respectively. Offspring, 14,037 in 2006 and 13,685 in 2007, from glyphosate-susceptible mother plants were treated with glyphosate when the plants were 5 to 7 cm tall. The proportion of glyphosate-resistant progeny decreased with increased distance from the pollen source; approximately 50 to 60% of the offspring at the 1- and 5-m distances were resistant to glyphosate, whereas 20 to 40% of the offspring were resistant at the furthest distances. The development of resistance was not affected by direction; winds were variable with respect to both speed and direction during the peak pollination hours throughout the growing season. Results from this study indicate that the glyphosate-resistance trait can be transferred via pollen movement in Palmer amaranth. C1 [Sosnoskie, Lynn M.; MacRae, Andrew W.; Grey, Timothy L.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Kichler, Jeremy M.] Gulf Coast REC, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. RP Sosnoskie, LM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, 4604 Res Way, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM lynn.sosnoskie@gmail.com RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Sosnoskie, Lynn/A-8854-2014 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Sosnoskie, Lynn/0000-0002-1892-7934 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 23 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00151.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 983RV UT WOS:000307137300007 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Davis, AS Tranel, PJ AF Liu, Jianyang Davis, Adam S. Tranel, Patrick J. TI Pollen Biology and Dispersal Dynamics in Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gene flow; herbicide resistance; pollen dispersal; pollen viability ID MEDIATED GENE FLOW; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; FIELD TRIALS; POLLINATION; SEED; EVOLUTION; DISTANCE; LONGEVITY; SURVIVAL; DENSITY AB Waterhemp is a major weed of field crops in the Midwestern United States. Its prevalence is at least partly due to its rapid evolution of resistance to many groups of herbicides over the last two decades. In light of its dioecy and anemophily, pollen movement in waterhemp is considered to be an important factor in the spread of herbicide resistance genes. Thus, the biology and dispersal profile of waterhemp pollen are critical determinants for understanding and predicting the spatial population dynamics of herbicide resistance in this species. In this study, pollen longevity was investigated with greenhouse experiments, and pollen dispersal and the effect of pollen competition were investigated in field plots. Pollen dispersal was determined by measuring the frequency of seeds produced on receptor plants positioned at various distances from a pollen source, which flowered in synchrony with the receptor plants. Results indicated that waterhemp pollen can remain viable up to 120 h, implying a low limitation of pollen dispersal by its longevity. Effective pollen dispersal declined exponentially with distance, with most pollen fertilizing recipient plants within 50 m of the pollen source. However, long distance pollen dispersal (800 m) was also observed. We also saw evidence for pollen swamping in this species. Under conditions of pollen competition among distinct genotypes, pollination success was inversely related to distance between pollen donors and receptors. However, relative pollen density may also play an important role in determining the rate of long distance gene flow. This study confirmed the potential of waterhemp pollen to effect long distance gene flow and provides supporting data for quantitative spatial modeling of waterhemp resistance dynamics. C1 [Liu, Jianyang; Tranel, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Davis, Adam S.] ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tranel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tranel@illinois.edu OI Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 FU Monsanto Company; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ILLU-802-31] FX The authors thank Monsanto Company and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch project ILLU-802-31) for partial funding of this research. We are also thankful to the staff at the South Farm of the University of Illinois for their technical guidance and support in field experiments. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00201.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 983RV UT WOS:000307137300015 ER PT J AU Wortman, SE Davis, AS Schutte, BJ Lindquist, JL Cardina, J Felix, J Sprague, CL Dille, JA Ramirez, AHM Reicks, G Clay, SA AF Wortman, Sam E. Davis, Adam S. Schutte, Brian J. Lindquist, John L. Cardina, John Felix, Joel Sprague, Christy L. Dille, J. Anita Ramirez, Analiza H. M. Reicks, Graig Clay, Sharon A. TI Local Conditions, Not Regional Gradients, Drive Demographic Variation of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) and Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Across Northern U.S. Maize Belt SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vital rates; weed demography; plant distribution; climate change; environmental dines; population dynamics ID WEED SPECIES ABUNDANCE; CORN-BELT; IDENTIFYING ASSOCIATIONS; SITE PROPERTIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEED BANK; EMERGENCE; PLANT; SOIL; ADAPTATION AB Knowledge of environmental factors influencing demography of weed species will improve understanding of current and future weed invasions. The objective of this study was to quantify regional-scale variation in vital rates of giant ragweed and common sunflower. To accomplish this objective, a common field experiment was conducted across seven sites between 2006 and 2008 throughout the north central U.S. maize belt. Demographic parameters of both weed species were measured in intra- and interspecific competitive environments, and environmental data were collected within site-years. Site was the strongest predictor of belowground vital rates (summer and winter seed survival and seedling recruitment), indicating sensitivity to local abiotic conditions. However, biotic factors influenced aboveground vital rates (seedling survival and fecundity). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) indicated that demography of both species was most strongly influenced by thermal time and precipitation. The first PLSR components, both characterized by thermal time, explained 63.2% and 77.0% of variation in the demography of giant ragweed and common sunflower, respectively; the second PLSR components, both characterized by precipitation, explained 18.3% and 8.5% of variation, respectively. The influence of temperature and precipitation is important in understanding the population dynamics and potential distribution of these species in response to climate change. C1 [Wortman, Sam E.; Lindquist, John L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Davis, Adam S.; Schutte, Brian J.] ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cardina, John; Felix, Joel] Ohio State Univ, OARDC Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Sprague, Christy L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dille, J. Anita; Ramirez, Analiza H. M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Reicks, Graig; Clay, Sharon A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Wortman, SE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sam.wortman@huskers.unl.edu RI Wortman, Sam/H-9061-2012; OI Wortman, Sam/0000-0001-5021-0899 NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 440 EP 450 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00196.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 983RV UT WOS:000307137300018 ER PT J AU Gealy, DH Agrama, H Jia, MH AF Gealy, David H. Agrama, Hesham Jia, Melissa H. TI Genetic Analysis of Atypical U.S. Red Rice Phenotypes: Indications of Prior Gene Flow in Rice Fields? SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Weedy red rice; Oryza sativa L.; strawhull red rice; blackhull red rice; rice (Oryza sativa L.); rice-red rice hybrid; tropical japonica rice; simple sequence repeat (SSR); genetic diversity ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLEARFIELD(TM) RICE; WEEDY RICE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; OUTCROSSING RATE; CORE SUBSET; DIVERSITY; ARKANSAS AB Weedy red rice is a troublesome weed problem in rice fields of the southern United States. Typically, red rice plants are much taller than rice cultivars, and most biorypes are either awnless with straw-colored hulls (strawhull) or have long awns with black-colored hulls (blackhull). Outcrossing between rice and red rice occurs at low rates, resulting in a broad array of plant types. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to evaluate the genetic backgrounds of atypical red rice types obtained from rice farms in Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Mississippi, in comparison to standard red rice types and rice cultivars. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and population structure analysis of atypical red rice accessions suggested that short-stature awnless (LhtsA-) and awned (LhtsA+) types, each representing a total of about 5% of a 460-accession collection, usually were closely genetically related to their normal-sized counterparts, and not with cultivated rice. A short-awned, intermediate height type, 'Sawn', representing about 4% of the accessions Was genetically distinct from all of the other types. Key alleles in Sawn types appeared to be shared by both standard awnless (StdRRA-) and awned (StdRRA+) red rice, suggesting that Sawn types could have arisen from gene flow between awned and awnless red rice types. Nomenclature: Weedy red rice, Oryza sativa L.; Rice, Oryza sativa L. C1 [Gealy, David H.; Jia, Melissa H.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Agrama, Hesham] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Div Agr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Gealy, DH (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM david.gealy@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 451 EP 461 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00159.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 983RV UT WOS:000307137300019 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Staehelin, C Dayan, FE Song, YY Su, YJ Zeng, RS AF Wang, Rui Long Staehelin, Christian Dayan, Franck E. Song, Yuan Yuan Su, Yi Juan Zeng, Ren Sen TI Simulated Acid Rain Accelerates Litter Decomposition and Enhances the Allelopathic Potential of the Invasive Plant Wedelia trilobata (Creeping Daisy) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biology invasion; bioassay; allelochemical-soil interactions; phytotoxin ID LEAF-LITTER; SEEDLING GROWTH; SOIL; FOREST; CHINA; ALLELOCHEMICALS; ECOSYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; COMMUNITY AB Invasive species and acid rain cause global environmental problems. Creeping daisy, an invasive exotic allelopathic weed, has caused great damage in southern China, where acid rain is prevalent. The impact of the acidity of simulated acid rain (SAR) on soil nutrients, the decomposition of creeping daisy litter, and on the allelopathic potential of the surrounding soils was investigated. Litter was treated with SAR at different acidity (pH 2.5, 4.0, 5.6) or with water (pH 7.0) as a control. After 70 d, the remaining amount of creeping daisy litter, nutrient contents, and allelopathic potentials in the surrounding soil were determined. The litter decomposition was commensurate to the increase in the acidity of the SAR. Total C and N contents, NO3--N and available P increased, levels of NH4+-N, the ratio of C/N and soil pH values decreased, water contents increased and then decreased, whereas available K did not significantly change in the soil surrounding the litters in response to the increase in the acidity of the SAR. Bioassays showed that SAR promoted the allelopathic activity in the soil surrounding the litter, as measured by seedling growth of turnip and radish. In conclusion, our results indicated that SAR influenced soil nutrient status, accelerated creeping daisy litter decomposition, and enhanced the allelopathic potential of its litter in the surrounding soil, suggesting that acid rain may enhance the invasiveness of creeping daisy plants. C1 [Wang, Rui Long; Song, Yuan Yuan; Su, Yi Juan; Zeng, Ren Sen] S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Key Lab Trop Agroenvironm, Minist Agr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Staehelin, Christian] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Dayan, Franck E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Zeng, RS (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Key Lab Trop Agroenvironm, Minist Agr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM rszeng@scau.edu.cn RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 FU National 973 project of China [2011CB100400]; Natural Science Foundation of China [31000260, 31070388]; Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme; Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China [8451064201001012] FX This research was Financially supported by the National 973 project of China (2011CB100400), Natural Science Foundation of China (31000260, 31070388), Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme (2010), and the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China (8451064201001012). NR 49 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 55 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1614/WS-D-12-00016.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 983RV UT WOS:000307137300020 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN AF Krutz, L. Jason Zablotowicz, Robert M. Reddy, Krishna N. TI Selection Pressure, Cropping System, and Rhizosphere Proximity Affect Atrazine Degrader Populations and Activity in s-Triazine-Adapted Soil SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE persistence; mineralization; atzABCDEF; half-life; trzN ID WEED-CONTROL; MAIZE RHIZOSPHERE; FIELD CONDITIONS; DEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; ROTATION; COTTON; BIODEGRADATION; ADAPTATION; EFFICACY AB A field study was conducted on an s-triazine adapted soil to determine the effects of s-triazine exclusion interval (1, 2, 3, or 4 yr), crop production system (continuous corn or continuous soybean), and rhizosphere proximity (bulk or rhizosphere soil) on atrazine degrader populations and activity. Atrazine degrader populations were quantified by a radiological Most Probable Number technique, while degrader activity was assessed via mineralization of ring-labeled C-14-atrazine. As the s-triazine exclusion interval increased, atrazine degrader populations declined exponentially, regardless of crop or rhizosphere proximity. Crop and exclusion interval interacted to affect degrader populations (P = 0.0043). Pooled over rhizosphere and bulk soil, degrader populations were 1.5-fold higher and declined 2.8-fold faster in soybean than corn. An interaction between rhizosphere proximity and exclusion interval was also noted (P = 0.0021), whereby degrader populations were 1.9-fold higher and declined 2.8-fold slower in rhizosphere compared with bulk soil, regardless of crop. The time required for 50% mineralization of ring-labeled C-14-atrazine (DT50) following exclusion of s-triazine herbicides increased linearly at a rate of 2.2 d yr(-1). In contrast, the DT50 for this site prior to a known s-triazine application was 85 d and declined exponentially over 5 yr of successive atrazine applications: 24.5 d after 1 yr, 10.8 d after two successive years, and 3.8 d after five successive atrazine applications. Omitting s-triazines can reduce degrader populations and activity in adapted soils, but more than 4 yr is required to return mineralization kinetics to nonadapted levels, regardless of crop or rhizosphere proximity. C1 [Krutz, L. Jason; Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Reddy, Krishna N.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00104.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 983RV UT WOS:000307137300028 ER PT J AU Harrington, CA Gould, PJ Sniezko, RA AF Harrington, Constance A. Gould, Peter J. Sniezko, Richard A. TI FIELD NOTE Growth and Survival of Port-Orford-Cedar Families on Three Sites on the South Oregon Coast SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Chamaecyparis lawsoniana; Phytophthora lateralis; multiple stems; browsing damage; foliage disease AB Port-Orford-cedar is of interest to ecologists and foresters, but little information is available on its growth, its genetic variation, or the field performance of families selected for resistance to root disease. Survival, damaging agents, and growth were evaluated for nine families at three outplanting sites in south coastal Oregon. Survival was excellent on two sites. Family differences were observed in growth rates, foliage dieback, and tendency to form multiple stems after browsing. Mean tree height 8 growing seasons after planting was 2.6 m; the heights of the tallest trees on one site were >5.5 m. C1 [Harrington, Constance A.; Gould, Peter J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Gould, Peter J.; Sniezko, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. RP Harrington, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM charrington@fs.fed.us; pgould@fs.fed.us; rsniezko@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 156 EP 158 DI 10.5849/wjaf.11-015 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 978GY UT WOS:000306730000007 ER PT J AU Gao, S Wang, XP Wang, LH Allison, RB AF Gao, Shan Wang, Xiping Wang, Lihai Allison, R. Bruce TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ACOUSTIC EVALUATION OF STANDING TREES AND LOGS: PART 1-LABORATORY INVESTIGATION SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Acoustic velocity; peak energy; logs; moisture content; temperature; trees ID FIBER-SATURATION POINT; MOISTURE-CONTENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BENDING PROPERTIES; WAVE VELOCITY; WOOD QUALITY; LUMBER; ELASTICITY; MODULUS; GREEN AB The goals of this study were to investigate the effect of environment temperature on acoustic velocity of standing trees and green logs and to develop workable models for compensating temperature differences as acoustic measurements are performed in different climates and seasons. The objective of Part 1 was to investigate interactive effects of temperature and moisture state of wood on acoustic properties in a laboratory-controlled environment. Small clear specimens (25.4 x 25.4 x 407 mm) obtained from a freshly cut red pine (Pin us resinosa) log were conditioned to four moisture content levels: green (fresh-cut condition), 24%, 12%, and 0%. All specimens were acoustically tested using an ultrasonic device across a temperature range of -40 to 35 degrees C. Results indicate that wood temperature had a significant effect on acoustic velocity in frozen wood. Below the freezing point, acoustic velocity increased as wood temperature decreased. When wood temperature was well above freezing, velocity decreased linearly at a slow rate as wood temperature increased. We found that wood moisture content had a significant compounding effect on velocity temperature relationships in the freezing zone (-2.5 to 2.5 degrees C). Temperature effect was much more significant in green wood than in dry wood. In green wood, both velocity and peak energy changed abruptly around the freezing point because of the phase transformation of free water in the cell lumens. C1 [Wang, Xiping] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gao, Shan; Wang, Lihai] NE Forestry Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Allison, R. Bruce] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM gao_shan2000@hotmail.com; xwang@fs.fed.us; lihaiwang@yahoo.com; rbruceallison@tds.net FU China Special Research Funding Program for Forestry Public Service Sector [201104007]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30671643]; China Scholarship Council; University of Minnesota-Duluth FX This project was conducted under the cooperative research agreement between Northeast Forestry University and the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) and supported in part by the China Special Research Funding Program for Forestry Public Service Sector (Grant No. 201104007) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30671643). The financial support to Ms. Shan Gao's visiting study in the US was provided by the China Scholarship Council and the University of Minnesota-Duluth. We thank Dr. Robert Ross and Mr. Brian Brashaw for their great support to Shan Gao's visiting study program. We also thank Mr. James T. Gilbertson of FPL for his technical assistance during this study. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 44 IS 3 BP 286 EP 297 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 978FZ UT WOS:000306727300006 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Rehfeldt, GE Jaquish, B AF Ledig, F. Thomas Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Jaquish, Barry TI PROJECTIONS OF SUITABLE HABITAT UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANS-BOUNDARY ASSISTED COLONIZATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE assisted colonization; climatic models; conservation; Picea breweriana; Pinaceae; Random Forests ID PICEA-BREWERIANA; GLOBAL-CHANGE; RESPONSES; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; DEBATE AB Premise of the study: Climate change may threaten endemic species with extinction, particularly relicts of the Arcto-Tertiary Forest, by elimination of their contemporary habitat. Projections of future habitat are necessary to plan for conservation of these species. Methods: We used spline climatic models and modified Random Forests statistical procedures to predict suitable habitats for Brewer spruce (Picea breweriana), which is endemic to the Klamath Region of California and Oregon. We used three general circulation models and two sets of carbon emission scenarios (optimistic and pessimistic) for future climates. Key results: Our procedures predicted present occurrence of Brewer spruce perfectly. For the decades 2030, 2060, and 2090, its projected range within the Klamath Region progressively declined, to the point of disappearance in the decade 2090. The climate niche was projected to move north to British Columbia, the Yukon Territory, and southeastern Alaska. Conclusion: The results emphasize the necessity of assisted colonization and trans-boundary movement to prevent extinction of Brewer spruce. The projections provide a framework for formulating conservation plans, but planners must also consider regulations regarding international plant transfers. C1 [Ledig, F. Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Jaquish, Barry] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Resource, Kalamalka Forestry Ctr, Vernon, BC V1B 2C7, Canada. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tomledig100@gmail.com NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 46 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 99 IS 7 BP 1217 EP 1230 DI 10.3732/ajb.1200059 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 975IN UT WOS:000306505000020 PM 22763352 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JP Carter, L Munk, D Klonsky, K Hutmacher, R Shrestha, A DeMoura, R Wroble, J AF Mitchell, Jeffrey P. Carter, Lyle Munk, Dan Klonsky, Karen Hutmacher, Robert Shrestha, Anil DeMoura, Rich Wroble, Jon TI Conservation tillage systems for cotton advance in the San Joaquin Valley SO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE LA English DT Review AB Cotton production in the San Joaquin Valley has traditionally relied heavily on tillage for its presumed benefits to plant establishment, yields and insect management. Research in the 1960s and 1970s demonstrated the potential of precision or zone tillage, which foreshadowed the introduction of a variety of minimum tillage implements in the early 1990s. During a 3-year comparison study from 2001 to 2003, cotton yields in strip tillage plots matched or exceeded yields of standard tillage plots in all 3 years. In a 12-year study from 1999 to 2011, tillage costs were lowered an average of $70 per acre in 2011 dollars using no-tillage compared to standard tillage while achieving statistically comparable yields, provided that adequate crop stands were achieved. If bottom-line profitability can be maintained, conservation tillage may become increasingly attractive to cotton producers in the San Joaquin Valley. C1 [Mitchell, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carter, Lyle] ARS, USDA, Shafter Cotton Res Stn, Sacramento, CA USA. [Munk, Dan] Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens Farm, Fresno County, CA USA. [Klonsky, Karen; DeMoura, Rich] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA USA. [Hutmacher, Robert] Univ Calif, W Side Res & Extens Ctr, Five Points, NY USA. [Shrestha, Anil] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Wroble, Jon] Univ Calif, Fresno County, CA USA. RP Mitchell, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA, OAKLAND, DIVISION AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCES PI RICHMOND PA 1301 S 46 ST, RICHMOND, CA 94804 USA SN 0008-0845 J9 CALIF AGR JI Calif. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.3733/ca.v066n03p108 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 974SZ UT WOS:000306458600023 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Butchko, RAE Busman, M Proctor, RH AF Brown, Daren W. Butchko, Robert A. E. Busman, Mark Proctor, Robert H. TI Identification of gene clusters associated with fusaric acid, fusarin, and perithecial pigment production in Fusarium verticillioides SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Secondary metabolism; Polyketide; Fusarium verticillioides; Microarray analysis; Fusaric acid ID POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENES; GIBBERELLA-MONILIFORMIS; FUMONISIN PRODUCTION; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; BIOSYNTHETIC GENES; METHYL-ESTERS; PATHOGENICITY; GENOMICS; ENCODES AB The genus Fusarium is of concern to agricultural production and food/feed safety because of its ability to cause crop disease and to produce mycotoxins. Understanding the genetic basis for production of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites (SMs) has the potential to limit crop disease and mycotoxin contamination. In fungi, SM biosynthetic genes are typically located adjacent to one another in clusters of co-expressed genes. Such clusters typically include a core gene, responsible for synthesis of an initial chemical, and several genes responsible for chemical modifications, transport, and/or regulation. Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most common pathogens of maize and produces a variety of SMs of concern. Here, we employed whole genome expression analysis and utilized existing knowledge of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, a common cluster core gene, to identify three novel clusters of co-expressed genes in F. verticillioides. Functional analysis of the PKS genes linked the clusters to production of three known Fusarium SMs, a violet pigment in sexual fruiting bodies (perithecia) and the mycotoxins fusarin C and fusaric acid. The results indicate that microarray analysis of RNA derived from culture conditions that induce differential gene expression can be an effective tool for identifying SM biosynthetic gene clusters. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Brown, Daren W.; Butchko, Robert A. E.; Busman, Mark; Proctor, Robert H.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM daren.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 49 IS 7 BP 521 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.05.010 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 975VJ UT WOS:000306539300003 PM 22652150 ER PT J AU Estrada, AER Jonkers, W Kistler, HC May, G AF Estrada, Alma E. Rodriguez Jonkers, Wilfried Kistler, H. Corby May, Georgiana TI Interactions between Fusarium verticillioides, Ustilago maydis, and Zea mays: An endophyte, a pathogen, and their shared plant host SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endophyte; Pathogen; Parasitism; Mutualism; Plant ID IN-VITRO INTERACTIONS; REAL-TIME PCR; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; PIRIFORMOSPORA-INDICA; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MAIZE; COMMUNITY; TRICHODERMA; REVEALS AB Highly diverse communities of microbial symbionts occupy eukaryotic organisms, including plants. While many well-studied symbionts may be characterized as either parasites or as mutualists, the prevalent but cryptic endophytic fungi are less easily qualified because they do not cause observable symptoms of their presence within their host. Here, we investigate the interactions of an endophytic fungus, Fusarium verticillioides with a pathogen, Ustilago maydis, as they occur within maize (Zea mays). We used experimental inoculations to evaluate metabolic mechanisms by which these three organisms might interact. We assessed the impacts of fungal-fungal interactions on endophyte and pathogen growth within the plant, and on plant growth. We find that F. verticillioides modulates the growth of U. maydis and thus decreases the pathogen's aggressiveness toward the plant. With co-inoculation of the endophyte with the pathogen, plant growth is similar to that which would be gained without the pathogen present. However, the endophyte may also break down plant compounds that limit U. maydis growth, and obtains a growth benefit from the presence of the pathogen. Thus, an endophyte such as F. verticillioides may function as both a defensive mutualist and a parasite, and express nutritional modes that depend on ecological context. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Estrada, Alma E. Rodriguez; May, Georgiana] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jonkers, Wilfried] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP May, G (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gmay@umn.edu FU NSF [En-Gen 0723451] FX Research described here was supported by an NSF grant, En-Gen 0723451 to G. May and H.C. Kistler. The F. verticillioides strains used in these experiments are publically available at the UM Culture Collection and the U. maydis are available by request from G. May. The Minnesota Super-Computing Institute (MSI) provided computational resources; metabolite analyses were conducted at the Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, and sequencing and real-time PCR at BioMedical Genomics Center (BMGC), all at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Alyssa Bernardo, Peter Lenz, and other members of the May and Kistler labs. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 88 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 49 IS 7 BP 578 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.05.001 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 975VJ UT WOS:000306539300008 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT Thornton, KW Farris, JL Prevost, JD Pierce, SC AF Kroeger, Robert Moore, Matthew T. Thornton, Kent W. Farris, Jerry L. Prevost, J. Dan Pierce, Samuel C. TI Tiered on-the-ground implementation projects for Gulf of Mexico water quality improvements SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-GRADE WEIRS; DRAINAGE DITCHES; RIPARIAN BUFFER; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; NUTRIENT REDUCTIONS; SURFACE RUNOFF; CONSERVATION; SEDIMENT; TOOL; PHOSPHORUS C1 [Kroeger, Robert; Pierce, Samuel C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Thornton, Kent W.] FTN Associates, Little Rock, AR USA. [Prevost, J. Dan] FARM, Watershed Specialist Delta, Stoneville, MS USA. [Farris, Jerry L.] Arkansas State Univ, Jonesboro, AR USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. FU Mississppi Department of Marine Resources; Environmental Protection Agency Gulf of Mexico Program office FX This paper was born from a presentation given to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force in May 2011 in Mobile, Alabama. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Mississppi Department of Marine Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency Gulf of Mexico Program office that provided collaboration opportunities that led to the development of these thoughts. For more information on other. associated Gulf of Mexico projects, please visit the following website: www.fwrc.msstate.edu/water. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 94A EP 99A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.4.94A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 974QH UT WOS:000306450900002 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Paine, LK Winsten, JR Krome, M Sanderson, MA Ogles, K Thompson, D AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Paine, Laura K. Winsten, Jonathan R. Krome, Margaret Sanderson, Matt A. Ogles, Kevin Thompson, Dennis TI Well-managed grazing systems: A forgotten hero of conservation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Paine, Laura K.] Trade & Consumer Protect, Wisconsin Dept Agr, Madison, WI USA. [Winsten, Jonathan R.] Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Arlington, VA USA. [Krome, Margaret] Michael Fields Agr Inst, Troy, WI USA. [Sanderson, Matt A.] USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. [Ogles, Kevin] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Greensboro, NC USA. [Thompson, Dennis] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 27 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 100A EP 104A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.4.100A PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 974QH UT WOS:000306450900003 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Duniway, MC Pyke, DA Bestelmeyer, BT Wills, SA Brown, JR Karl, JW Havstad, KM AF Herrick, Jeffrey E. Duniway, Michael C. Pyke, David A. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Wills, Skye A. Brown, Joel R. Karl, Jason W. Havstad, Kris M. TI A holistic strategy for adaptive land management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; RANGELAND; STATE; RESTORATION; LANDSCAPES; FRAMEWORK; PROTOCOL; IMAGERY C1 [Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Karl, Jason W.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. [Wills, Skye A.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Brown, Joel R.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU US Bureau of Land Management; USDA Agricultural Research Service; USDA NRCS FX We thank Craig Mackinnon, Gordon Toevs, and Kit Muller of the US Bureau of Land Management, Washington, DC; Sherm Karl of the US Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado; and the rest of the US Bureau of Land Management team that contributed to the development of the core indicators. Angela Muhanga of New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico assisted with the compilation of the surveys. We are grateful to Arlene Tugel of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Dennis Thompson and Leonard Jolley of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC; Pat Shaver of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portland, Oregon; Mike Pellant of the US Bureau of Land Management, Boise, Idaho; Fee Busby of the Utah State University, Logan, Utah; Robert Unnasch of The Nature Conservancy, Boise, Idaho; Anton Imeson of the 3D Environmental Change, The Netherlands; Luca Montanarella, of the European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy; Michelle Wander of the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Shannon Horst of the Savory Institute, Boulder, Colorado; Craig Leggett of Leggett Consulting, Durango, Colorado; Corinna Riginos of Mpala Research Center, Nanyuki, Kenya; Jayne Belnap of the US Geological Survey, Moab, Utah, and many others for conversations that contributed to the development of this manuscript. Work associated with this manuscript was supported by the US Bureau of Land Management and by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the USDA NRCS through the Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 32 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 105A EP 113A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.4.105A PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 974QH UT WOS:000306450900004 ER PT J AU Willett, CD Lerch, RN Schultz, RC Berges, SA Peacher, RD Isenhart, TM AF Willett, C. D. Lerch, R. N. Schultz, R. C. Berges, S. A. Peacher, R. D. Isenhart, T. M. TI Streambank erosion in two watersheds of the Central Claypan Region of Missouri, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE carbon; land use; nitrogen; stream order; streambank erosion; watershed scale transport ID RIVER BANK EROSION; EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFERS; CENTRAL IOWA; BEAR CREEK; LAND-USES; IMPACTS; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN AB This study was undertaken to assess the importance of streambank erosion to the total in-stream sediment of two agricultural watersheds within the Central Claypan Areas. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of stream order, adjacent land use, and season on streambank erosion rates. Thirty-four study sites were established in 2007 and 2008. within Crooked and Otter Creek watersheds, two claypan watersheds located in northeastern Missouri. At each site, field assessments of severely to very severely eroding bank length were determined along 300 to 400 m (984 to 1,312 ft) stream reaches. A factorial experimental design was implemented with four land uses (crop, forest, pasture, and riparian forest), three seasons, and three stream orders (1st, 2nd, and 3rd). Each treatment was replicated three times for each stream order, except for the cropped 3rd order treatment as only one suitable treatment site could be found. Streambank erosion was measured using erosion pins, which were installed in randomly assigned plots that included at least 20% of the eroded bank length within each site. The effect of different seasons was assessed by measuring the length of the exposed pins three times per year (March, July, and November). The bulk density and carbon and nitrogen content of bank material were also determined. Sediment loss rates showed that season and the three-way interaction between season, land use, and stream order were highly significant.. Erosion rates were consistently higher in the winter months than spring/summer and fall seasons; however, the significant three-way. interaction precluded a simple interpretation of the seasonal effect. Soil nutrient concentration data showed that forest sites had significantly lower C and N concentrations than other land uses. At the watershed scale, bank Sediment accounted for 79% to 96% of the total in-stream sediment and 21% to 24% of the total N exported from the study area. These results indicate that streambanks are the dominant source of sediment and a significant source of N in these streams. Therefore, improved management of riparian areas to decrease streambank erosion would result in significant water quality improvement in streams of the Central Claypan Areas in northeastern Missouri. C1 [Willett, C. D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soils Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lerch, R. N.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Schultz, R. C.; Berges, S. A.; Peacher, R. D.; Isenhart, T. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. RP Willett, CD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soils Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.4.249 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 974QH UT WOS:000306450900006 ER PT J AU Ritchey, KD Norton, LD Hass, A Gonzalez, JM Snuffer, DJ AF Ritchey, K. D. Norton, L. D. Hass, A. Gonzalez, J. M. Snuffer, D. J. TI Effect of selected soil conditioners on soil properties, erosion, runoff, and rye growth in nonfertile acid soil SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ammonium laureth sulfate; fluidized bed combustion residue; gypsum; polyacrylamide (PAM); runoff chemistry; soil pH ID SILT LOAM SOIL; AGGREGATE STABILITY; SIMULATED RAINFALL; INFILTRATION-RATE; WATER CHEMISTRY; RAINDROP IMPACT; CRUST FORMATION; BY-PRODUCTS; POLYACRYLAMIDE; AMENDMENTS AB Construction operations result in highly disturbed soil, vulnerable to erosion, excess runoff, and sediment loads. Limited information exists about effects of soil amendment-based erosion and runoff mitigation practices in low fertility acidic sites. The current study evaluates the use of 20 kg ha(-1) polyacrylamide (PAM), 0.3 kg ha ammonium laureth sulfate (ALS), 5,000 kg ha(-1) fluidized bed combustion residue (FBC), and 5,000 kg ha(-1) coal-fired power plant by-product gypsum (GYP) in reducing erosion and runoff from a disturbed, acidic, dystrophic Appalachian soil. Study plots of 1 m by 1 m, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, were established on an abandoned grassland hillside in southern West Virginia. Plots were rototilled before annual surface applications of each of the above materials and that of FBC plus PAM, for four consecutive years, starting in 1996. In the fourth year, Wheeler rye grass was broadcast on the plots. Sediment, runoff, and soil and runoff chemical composition were monitored during a period of two to four months after application. No significant differences were found between ALS treatment and control (where no additive was applied). By the fourth year, the FBC-containing treatments had increased soil pH by an average of one pH unit, which resulted in improved plant nutrirional status and biomass production. Mean runoff concentrations of calcium (Ca) for the four years averaged 236 mg L-1 compared to 6 mg L-1 in the control. FBC decreased zinc (Zn) concentrations in runoff by nearly four-fold compared to the control. Gypsum addition resulted in even greater increases in runoff concentration of Ca and sulfur (S), but effects on soil pH and plant biomass were not significantly different from the control. No differences in runoff volume among any of the treatments were observed during the first year, yet in general, FBC-containing treatments decreased runoff for the remainder of the experiment. In the fourth year, after seeding with Wheeler rye grass, the FBC-containing treatments reduced runoff by up to 51% and sediment by 37% compared to the control. FBC + PAM was found to be the most effective treatment in enhancing plant growth and reducing sediment and runoff on the tested soil. C1 [Ritchey, K. D.; Snuffer, D. J.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. [Norton, L. D.; Gonzalez, J. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Hass, A.] W Virginia State Univ, Gus R Douglass Land Grant Inst, Agr & Environm Res Stn, Institute, WV USA. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 35 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 264 EP 274 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.4.264 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 974QH UT WOS:000306450900007 ER PT J AU Moore, G Zika, PF Rushworth, CA AF Moore, Gerry Zika, Peter F. Rushworth, Catherine A. TI Impatiens ecornuta, a New Name for Impatiens ecalcarata (Balsaminaceae), a Jewelweed from the United States and Canada SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Balsaminaceae; Impatiens; North America AB The new name Impatiens ecornuta Gerry Moore, Zika & Rushworth (Balsaminaceae) is proposed for the species of western North America currently recognized as I. ecalcarata Blank. The latter name is an illegitimate later homonym of I. ecalcarata Collett & Hemsl. C1 [Moore, Gerry] USDA, Natl Plant Data Team, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. [Zika, Peter F.] Univ Washington, WTU Herbarium, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rushworth, Catherine A.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Moore, G (reprint author), USDA, Natl Plant Data Team, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, 2901 E Lee St, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. EM gerry.moore@gnb.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 60 EP 61 DI 10.3417/2011088 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 974RK UT WOS:000306453900010 ER PT J AU Rout, ME Callaway, RM AF Rout, Marnie E. Callaway, Ragan M. TI Interactions between exotic invasive plants and soil microbes in the rhizosphere suggest that oeverything is not everywhere' SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Biogeography; plant invasions; microbial distributions; nutrient cycling; plantmicrobe ineractions ID PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI; NATIVE RANGE; ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENEMY RELEASE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS; BIOTA AB The study of soil biota in the context of exotic plant invasions has led to an explosion in our understanding of the ecological roles of many different groups of microbes that function in roots or at the rootsoil interface. Part of this progress has been the emergence of two biogeographic patterns involving invasive plants and soil microbes. First, in their non-native ranges invasive plants commonly interact differently with the same soil microbes than native plants. Second, in their native ranges, plants that are invasive elsewhere commonly interact functionally with soil microbes differently in their home ranges than they do in their non-native ranges. These studies pose a challenge to a long-held paradigm about microbial biogeography the idea that microbes are not limited by dispersal and are thus free from the basic taxonomic, biogeographical and evolutionary framework that characterizes all other life on Earth. As an analogy, the global distribution of animals that function as carnivores does not negate the fascinating evolutionary biogeographic patterns of carnivores. Other challenges to this notion come from new measurements of genetic differences among microbes across geographic boundaries, which also suggest that meaningful biogeographic patterns exist for microorganisms. We expand this discussion of whether or not oeverything is everywhere' by using the inherently biogeographic context of plant invasions by reviewing the literature on interactions among invasive plants and the microorganisms in the rhizosphere. We find that these interactions can be delineated at multiple scales: from individual plants to continents. Thus the microbes that regulate major aspects of plant biology do not appear to be exempt from the fundamental evolutionary processes of geographical isolation and natural selection. At the important scales of taxonomy, ecotype and ecosystem functions, the fundamental ecology of invaders and soil microbes indicates that everything might not be everywhere. C1 [Rout, Marnie E.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock Range & Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Rout, Marnie E.; Callaway, Ragan M.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Rout, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock Range & Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM marnie.rout@ars.usda.gov FU University of Montana; Montana - Ecology of Infectious Diseases National Science Foundation - IGERT program [0504628]; US National Science Foundation [DEB 0614406] FX We thank to two anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions during the review of this manuscript. M. E. R. was supported by The University of Montana, and Montana - Ecology of Infectious Diseases National Science Foundation - IGERT program under grant No. 0504628. R. M. C. was supported by the International Programs at The University of Montana and the US National Science Foundation DEB 0614406. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 175 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 SI SI BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1093/aob/mcs061 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 974CQ UT WOS:000306407800003 PM 22451600 ER PT J AU Madsen, MD Petersen, SL Fernelius, KJ Roundy, BA Taylor, AG Hopkins, BG AF Madsen, Matthew D. Petersen, Steven L. Fernelius, Kaitlynn J. Roundy, Bruce A. Taylor, Alan G. Hopkins, Bryan G. TI Influence of Soil Water Repellency on Seedling Emergence and Plant Survival in a Burned Semi-Arid Woodland SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE erosion; hydrophobicity; pinyon-juniper; reseeding; restoration; revegetation; surfactants; weeds; wetting-agents; wildfire ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND; FIRE; SAGEBRUSH; ESTABLISHMENT; SURFACTANTS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; SEVERITY AB High intensity wildfires in semiarid shrub and woodland plant communities can leave ecosystems incapable of self-repair and susceptible to weed invasion. Subsequently, land managers need effective restoration tools to reseed native vegetation back into these degraded systems. In order to develop successful post-fire restoration approaches in these communities, it is critical that we understand the mechanisms that impair reseeding success. Our objective was to quantify the influence of soil water repellency on seedling emergence and plant growth in a greenhouse study using soil cores obtained from beneath burned Juniperus osteosperma trees. Soil cores were seeded with either Elymus wawawaiensis or Agropyron cristatum, and watered with either a high (watered daily) or a low water regime ( watered every 5 days). During the first watering event, water repellency was ameliorated in half the cores by adding a wetting-agent comprised of alkylpolyglycoside-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers. Results showed that water repellency reduced seedling emergence and seedling survival by decreasing soil moisture availability. Wetting-agents improved ecohydrologic properties required for plant growth by decreasing runoff and increasing the amount and duration of available water for seedling emergence, survival, and plant growth. These results indicate that soil water repellency can act as an ecological threshold by impairing establishment of reseeded species after afire. Where restoration efforts are limited by soil water repellency, wetting agents have the potential to improve the success of post-fire reseeding efforts. Future work is needed to validate these findings in the field. C1 [Madsen, Matthew D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Petersen, Steven L.; Fernelius, Kaitlynn J.; Roundy, Bruce A.; Hopkins, Bryan G.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Taylor, Alan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY USA. RP Madsen, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM matthew.madsen@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service; Conservation Initiative Grant; USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Rangeland Research Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX We are grateful to Daniel Zvirzdin and Alexander Zvirzdin for their aid in conducting this research. Wetting agent and technical support was provided by Stan Kostka (Aquatrols, Paulsboro, NJ, USA). Funding was provided by the USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service, Conservation Initiative Grant, USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Rangeland Research Program, and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of the other products that also may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1080/15324982.2012.680655 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 973SL UT WOS:000306380000005 ER PT J AU Whited, DC Kimball, JS Lucotch, JA Maumenee, NK Wu, H Chilcote, SD Stanford, JA AF Whited, Diane C. Kimball, John S. Lucotch, John A. Maumenee, Niels K. Wu, Huan Chilcote, Samantha D. Stanford, Jack A. TI A Riverscape Analysis Tool Developed to Assist Wild Salmon Conservation Across the North Pacific Rim SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; NETWORK; STOCKS AB A major constraint for management and conservation of wild salmon is the large geographic area and diversity of rivers that provide critical freshwater habitats for salmon production and sustainability. These habitats span lengths of entire river systems, crossing international borders and management jurisdictions, while encompassing a range of climate and landscape conditions and human impacts. We developed the Riverscape Analysis Project (RAP) to provide a consistent and comprehensive geospatial database to document, assess, and compare the physical habitats of large salmon rivers of the North Pacific Rim (NPR). Here, we introduce and summarize a web-based GIS and decision support system (DSS) to assist salmon conservation around the NPR. The foundation of the RAP database is a seamless mosaic of moderate (30 m) resolution, multispectral satellite imagery from the Landsat TM instrument series, mapped with coincident 90-m resolution digital terrain Digital Evaluation Model (DEM) information to a consistent global projection; these data produced a set of watershed, river, and floodplain physical features and derived riverine freshwater habitat metrics important for salmon. The RAP DSS is publicly available online (http://rap.ntsg.umt.edu) and includes user-friendly tools and tutorials to allow users to compare, query, and download geospatial summary data across a suite of physical metrics. C1 [Whited, Diane C.; Kimball, John S.; Lucotch, John A.; Maumenee, Niels K.; Wu, Huan; Chilcote, Samantha D.; Stanford, Jack A.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Chilcote, Samantha D.] USFS, Weaverville, CA 96093 USA. [Wu, Huan] Univ Maryland, NASA GSFC ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Whited, DC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, 32125 Bio Stn Lane, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM diane.whited@umontana.edu RI Wu, Huan/K-1003-2013 OI Wu, Huan/0000-0003-2920-8860 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California FX This work was funded by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California. We also thank Tom Bansak, Sarah O'Neal, and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful input on this manuscript. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2012 VL 37 IS 7 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.696009 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TN UT WOS:000306460200004 ER PT J AU McDaneld, TG Kuehn, LA Thomas, MG Snelling, WM Sonstegard, TS Matukumalli, LK Smith, TPL Pollak, EJ Keele, JW AF McDaneld, T. G. Kuehn, L. A. Thomas, M. G. Snelling, W. M. Sonstegard, T. S. Matukumalli, L. K. Smith, T. P. L. Pollak, E. J. Keele, J. W. TI Y are you not pregnant: Identification of Y chromosome segments in female cattle with decreased reproductive efficiency SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; pooling; reproductive efficiency ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; GROWTH-HORMONE; TRAITS; HEIFERS; ARRAYS AB Reproductive efficiency is of economic importance in commercial beef cattle production, since failure to achieve pregnancy reduces the number of calves marketed. Identification of genetic markers with predictive merit for reproductive success would facilitate early selection of females and avoid inefficiencies associated with sub-fertile cows. To identify regions of the genome harboring variation affecting reproductive success, we applied a genome-wide association approach based on the >700,000 SNP marker assay. To include the largest number of individuals possible under the available budget, cows from several populations were assigned to extremes for reproductive efficiency, and DNA was pooled within population and phenotype before genotyping. Surprisingly, pools prepared from DNA of low reproductive cattle returned fluorescence intensity data intermediate between fertile females and males for SNP mapped to the Y chromosome (i.e., male sex chromosome). The presence of Y-associated material in low reproductive heifers or cows was confirmed by Y-directed PCR, which revealed that 21 to 29% of females in the low reproductive category were positive by a Y chromosome PCR test normally used to sex embryos. The presence of the Y chromosome anomaly was further confirmed with application of additional Y-specific PCR amplicons, indicating the likelihood of the presence of some portion of male sex chromosome in female cattle in various beef cattle herds across the U. S. Discovery of this Y anomaly in low reproductive females may make an important contribution to management of reproductive failures in beef cattle operations. C1 [McDaneld, T. G.; Kuehn, L. A.; Snelling, W. M.; Smith, T. P. L.; Pollak, E. J.; Keele, J. W.] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Thomas, M. G.] New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Sonstegard, T. S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matukumalli, L. K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP McDaneld, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM tara.mcdaneld@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-AFRI [2008-35205-18751]; Gerald Thomas Chair endowment of New Mexico State University; New Mexico Agric. Exp. Stn. [216391] FX Financial support provided in part by USDA-AFRI (Grant no. 2008-35205-18751) for collection of DNA samples. M. G. Thomas also supported by Gerald Thomas Chair endowment of New Mexico State University and New Mexico Agric. Exp. Stn. Project (Hatch #216391). NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2142 EP 2151 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4536 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200007 PM 22408089 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Coleman, SW Phillips, WA Miller, MF Brooks, JC Johnson, DD Olson, TA AF Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Phillips, W. A. Miller, M. F. Brooks, J. C. Johnson, D. D. Olson, T. A. TI Genetic effects on carcass quantity, quality, and palatability traits in straightbred and crossbred Romosinuano steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brahman; breed effects; carcass traits; heterosis; Romosinuano ID MEAT QUALITY; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; BEEF-CATTLE; BRAHMAN; BREED; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETERS; FEEDLOTS AB The objectives of this work were to estimate heterosis and breed genetic effects for carcass quantity, quality, and palatability traits of steers (Bos spp.) produced from matings of Romosinuano, Brahman, and Angus cattle. Steers (n = 464) were weaned at 7 mo of age and transported to the Southern Great Plains where they grazed winter wheat for 6 mo and were then fed a finishing diet until serial slaughter after different days on feed (average 130 d). Carcass quality and quantity traits were measured; steaks (aged 7 d) were obtained for palatability evaluation. Heterosis was detected for BW, HCW, dressing percentage, LM area, and yield grade for all pairs of breeds. Generally, Romosinuano-Angus heterosis estimates were smallest, Romosinuano-Brahman estimates were intermediate, and Brahman-Angus heterosis estimates were largest. The direct Romosinuano effect was to decrease (P < 0.05) BW (-67 +/- 16 kg), HCW (-48 +/- 10 kg), dressing percentage (-1.4 +/- 0.5 units), 12th rib fat thickness (-5.2 +/- 0.8 mm), and yield grade (-0.9 +/- 0.1), and to increase LM area per 100 kg HCW (3.6 +/- 0.3 cm(2)/100 kg). Significant Brahman direct effects were detected for BW (34 +/- 17 kg), HCW (29 +/- 10 kg), dressing percentage (1.6 +/- 0.6 %), LM area per 100 kg HCW (-3.3 +/- 0.4 cm(2)/100 kg), and yield grade (0.6 +/- 0.1). Signifi cant Angus direct effects were to increase 12th rib fat thickness (3.8 +/- 1 mm). Among sire breed means, Romosinuano had reduced (P = 0.002) marbling score (393 +/- 9) than Angus, but greater mean sensory tenderness scores (5.8 +/- 0.1), and reduced percentage Standard carcasses (10 +/- 2%) than Brahman (P < 0.002). Angus sire breed means for marbling score (475 +/- 10), overall tenderness (5.8 +/- 0.1), and percentage Choice carcasses (75 +/- 5%) were greater (P < 0.05) than Brahman sire breed means (360 +/- 11, 5.4 +/- 0.1, 31 +/- 5%). From consideration only of characteristics of the end product of beef production, Romosinuano did not provide a clearly superior alternative to Brahman for U. S. producers, as they had some quality and palatability advantages relative to Brahman, but at lighter HCW. C1 [Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Phillips, W. A.] ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Miller, M. F.; Brooks, J. C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Johnson, D. D.; Olson, T. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM david-riley@tamu.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2159 EP 2166 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4471 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200009 PM 22767551 ER PT J AU Miles, JR Vallet, JL Ford, JJ Freking, BA Cushman, RA Oliver, WT Rempel, LA AF Miles, J. R. Vallet, J. L. Ford, J. J. Freking, B. A. Cushman, R. A. Oliver, W. T. Rempel, L. A. TI Contributions of the maternal uterine environment and piglet genotype on weaning survivability potential: I. Development of neonatal piglets after reciprocal embryo transfers between Meishan and White crossbred gilts SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE embryo transfer; energy store; glycogen; Meishan pig; pre-weaning mortality; White crossbred pig ID EUROPEAN LARGE-WHITE; CHINESE MEISHAN; BODY-COMPOSITION; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; OVULATION RATE; OBESE SWINE; PERFORMANCE; BREEDS; PIGS; GESTATION AB In commercial pigs, the greatest susceptibility for pre-weaning mortality occurs in low birth-weight piglets. Despite their overall decreased birth weight, Meishan (MS) piglets have decreased pre-weaning mortality rates compared with contemporary Western breeds. The objective of the current study was to determine the contributions of the maternal uterine environment, piglet genotype, and their interaction on the development of neonatal piglets pertaining to pre-weaning survivability using reciprocal embryo transfer between MS and White crossbred (WC) pigs. Twenty-five successful pregnancies were produced from 2 farrowing seasons, generating litters of maternal uterine environment (MUE) by piglet genotype (PigG) combinations; MS x MS (n = 4 litters), MS x WC (n = 7 litters), WC x MS (n = 7 litters), and WC x WC (n = 7 litters). At approximately 24 h of age (Day 1), piglets (n = 173) were weighed and a blood sample was taken. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, albumin, NEFA, lactate, and cortisol were measured in all blood samples. Representative piglets (n = 46) from each litter were harvested and body measurements (i.e., organ weights, tissue glycogen content, and body composition) were determined. Piglet data were analyzed by ANOVA using MIXED model procedures. Both MUE (P < 0.001) and PigG (P < 0.01) affected piglet BW, illustrating that piglets gestated in WC gilts were heavier than piglets gestated in MS gilts, and WC piglets were heavier than MS piglets. Serum albumin concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) in MS piglets compared with WC piglets, indicating greater liver maturity. Significant MUE x PigG interactions were observed for hematocrit and hemoglobin, in which the greatest concentrations were observed in MS piglets gestated in MS and WC gilts, and the lowest concentrations were observed in WC piglets gestated in WC gilts, demonstrating increased oxygen-carrying capability. The percentage of fat and nitrogen, as well as the GE of the body, were greater (P < 0.05) in MS piglets, indicating greater energy stores. Liver, bicep femoris, and LM glycogen concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in WC piglets compared with MS piglets, demonstrating increased glycogen catabolism in MS piglets. This study demonstrated limited interactions between the maternal uterine environment and piglet genotype on weaning survivability potential, suggesting that the MS piglet is a viable model for pre-weaning survivability. C1 [Miles, J. R.; Vallet, J. L.; Ford, J. J.; Freking, B. A.; Cushman, R. A.; Oliver, W. T.; Rempel, L. A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Miles, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jeremy.Miles@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; CRIS [5438-31000-084] FX The authors thank Susan Hassler, Troy Gramke, and Jeff Waechter for technical assistance in collection and processing of samples and data collection, Linda Parnell for secretarial assistance, the USMARC swine crew for animal husbandry, Steven Ford and Ronald Christenson for advice on embryo transfer protocols, Tara McDaneld, Gail Miles, and Matthew Wilson for critical review of this manuscript. Research supported by USDA-ARS, CRIS Project No. 5438-31000-084. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2181 EP 2192 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4724 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200011 PM 22266991 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Aad, PY Eborn, DR Spicer, LJ AF Echternkamp, S. E. Aad, P. Y. Eborn, D. R. Spicer, L. J. TI Increased abundance of aromatase and follicle stimulating hormone receptor mRNA and decreased insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor mRNA in small ovarian follicles of cattle selected for twin births SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aromatase; cattle; insulin-like growth factor; ovarian follicular development; twinning ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; OVULATION RATE; GONADOTROPIN RECEPTORS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BOVINE FOLLICLES; GRANULOSA-CELLS; FACTOR SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; STEROIDOGENESIS; HYPOPHYSECTOMY AB Cattle genetically selected for twin ovulations and births (Twinner) exhibit increased ovarian follicular development, increased ovulation rate, and greater blood and follicular fluid IGF-1 concentrations compared with contemporary cattle not selected for twins (Control). Experimental objectives were to 1) assess relationships among aromatase (CYP19A1), IGF-1 (IGF1), IGF-2 receptor (IGF2R), and FSH receptor (FSHR) mRNA expression in small (<= 5 mm) antral follicles and 2) determine their association with increased numbers of developing follicles in ovaries of Twinner females. Ovaries were collected from mature, cyclic (d 3 to 6) Twinner (n = 11), and Control (n = 12) cows at slaughter and pieces of cortical tissue were fixed and embedded in paraffin. Expression of mRNA was evaluated by in situ hybridization using S-35-UTP-labeled antisense and sense probes for CYP19A1, FSHR, IGF1, and IGF2R mRNA. Silver grain density was quantified within the granulosa and theca cells of individual follicles (2 to 7 follicles/cow) by Bioquant image analysis. Follicles of Twinners tended to be smaller in diameter than Controls (1.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.1 mm; P = 0.08), but thickness of granulosa layer did not differ (P > 0.1) by genotype. Relative abundance of CYP19A1 (P < 0.01) and FSHR (P < 0.05) mRNA was greater in granulosa cells of Twinners vs. Controls, respectively, whereas IGF2R mRNA expression was less in both granulosa (P < 0.01) and theca (P < 0.05) cells in follicles of Twinners vs. Controls, respectively. Abundance of CYP19A1 mRNA in granulosa cells was correlated negatively with IGF2R mRNA expression in both granulosa (r = -0.33; P < 0.01) and theca (r = -0.21; P = 0.05) cells. Expression of IGF1 mRNA was primarily in granulosa cells, including cumulus cells, and its expression did not differ between Twinners vs. Controls (P > 0.10). Detected increases in CYP19A1 and FSHR, but not IGF1, mRNA expression along with decreases in IGF2R mRNA expression in individual follicles of Twinners support the hypothesis that increased follicular development and steroidogenesis in Twinner females result from increased extra-ovarian IGF-1 production. Furthermore, a reduction in follicular IGF2R mRNA expression accompanied by a reduction in receptor numbers would increase availability of free IGF-2 and its stimulation of follicular development in Twinners. C1 [Echternkamp, S. E.; Eborn, D. R.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Aad, P. Y.; Spicer, L. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Echternkamp, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Sherrill.Echternkamp@ars.usda.gov OI Spicer, Leon/0000-0003-2911-6130 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2193 EP 2200 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4735 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200012 PM 22266997 ER PT J AU Funston, RN Summers, AF Roberts, AJ AF Funston, R. N. Summers, A. F. Roberts, A. J. TI ALPHARMA BEEF CATTLE NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Implications of nutritional management for beef cow-calf systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE beef cattle; fetal programming; nutrition; supplementation ID MATERNAL NUTRIENT RESTRICTION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; FETAL SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WINTER GRAZING SYSTEM; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; SHEEP; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREPARTUM; PROGENY; HORMONE AB The beef cattle industry relies on the use of high-forage diets to develop replacement females, maintain the cow herd, and sustain stocker operations. Forage quantity and quality fluctuate with season and environmental conditions. Depending on class and physiological state of the animal, a forage diet may not always meet nutritional requirements, resulting in reduced ADG or BW loss if supplemental nutrients are not provided. It is important to understand the consequences of such BW loss and the economics of providing supplementation to the beef production system. Periods of limited or insufficient nutrient availability can be followed by periods of compensatory BW gain once dietary conditions improve. This may have less impact on breeding animals, provided reproductive efficiency is not compromised, where actual BW is not as important as it is in animals destined for the feedlot. A rapidly evolving body of literature is also demonstrating that nutritional status of cows during pregnancy can affect subsequent offspring development and production characteristics later in life. The concept of fetal programming is that maternal stimuli during critical periods of fetal development have long-term implications for offspring. Depending on timing, magnitude, and duration of nutrient limitation or supplementation, it is possible that early measures in life, such as calf birth BW, may be unaffected, whereas measures later in life, such as weaning BW, carcass characteristics, and reproductive traits, may be influenced. This body of research provides compelling evidence of a fetal programming response to maternal nutrition in beef cattle. Future competitiveness of the US beef industry will continue to be dependent on the use of high-forage diets to meet the majority of nutrient requirements. Consequences of nutrient restriction or supplementation must be considered not only on individual animal performance but also the developing fetus and its subsequent performance through-out life. C1 [Funston, R. N.; Summers, A. F.] Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Roberts, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Funston, RN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. EM rfunston2@unl.edu FU Alpharma Animal Health (Bridgewater, NJ); American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) Foundation; Alpharma Animal Health; Journal of Animal Science; ASAS Foundation FX Based on a presentation at the Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium titled "Enhancing beef production efficiency with new knowledge and technologies: Building the bridges for future collaboration" at the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10 to 14, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana, sponsored, in part, by Alpharma Animal Health (Bridgewater, NJ), the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) Foundation, with publication sponsored by Alpharma Animal Health, the Journal of Animal Science, and the ASAS Foundation. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2301 EP 2307 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4568 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200023 PM 22021812 ER PT J AU Sawyer, JE Mulliniks, JT Waterman, RC Petersen, MK AF Sawyer, J. E. Mulliniks, J. T. Waterman, R. C. Petersen, M. K. TI Influence of protein type and level on nitrogen and forage use in cows consuming low-quality forage SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE beef cattle; diet quality; protein source ID DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN; FEED-EFFICIENCY; SUPPLEMENTATION; KINETICS; ENERGY; STEERS; SHEEP; RUMEN; UREA; DIGESTIBILITY AB Minimal quantities of ruminally degradable protein from supplements may improve supplement use efficiency of ruminants grazing dormant forages. In Exp. 1, N retention, ruminal NH3, serum urea N, and NDF digestibility were evaluated for 12 ruminally cannulated cows (Bos spp.) in an incomplete Latin Square design with 3 periods of 42 d each. Cows were fed weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] hay (4.1% CP, 75% NDF, OM basis) at 1.3% BW/d and offered 1 of 3 sources of CP [urea, cottonseed (Gossypium spp.) meal (CSM); or 50% blood meal and 50% feather meal combination (BFM)] fed to supply 0, 40, 80, or 160 g/d of CP. Beginning on d 22 of supplementation, ruminal contents and serum samples were collected at -2, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 h relative to the morning offering of hay. On Day 24, feces and urine were collected for 72 h. In Exp. 2, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin Square to evaluate use of supplements differing in quantity and ruminal CP degradability. Steers were fed 6.8 kg/d chopped sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench nothosubsp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] hay (3.7% CP, 74% NDF on OM basis) and supplemented with 56 g/d of a salt mineral mix (CON); CON + 28 g/d blood meal + 28 g/d feather meal (BFM); CON + 98 g/d CSM (LCS); or CON + 392 g/d CSM (HCS). Treatments provided 0, 40, 40, or 160 g/d of CP for CON, BFM, LCS, and HCS respectively. In Exp. 1, N use and total tract NDF digestibility were not affected by protein sources or amounts (P >= 0.18). Ruminal NH3 concentrations exhibited a quadratic response over time for UREA (P < 0.05) and was greater with increasing inclusion of urea (P < 0.05); whereas BFM or CSM did not differ (P > 0.05) by amount or across time. In Exp. 2, supplementation had a tendency (P = 0.09) to increase DM disappearance. Supplementation also increased (P < 0.01) serum glucose concentrations; however, no difference (P >= 0.28) was found between supplements. Serum urea N and ruminal NH3 concentrations were increased (P <= 0.01) in steers fed HCS. Feeding low quantities of a high-RUP supplement maintained rumen function without negatively affecting DM or NDF digestibility of a low-quality forage diet. C1 [Sawyer, J. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mulliniks, J. T.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Waterman, R. C.; Petersen, M. K.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Sawyer, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j-sawyer@tamu.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2324 EP 2330 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4782 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200026 PM 22287680 ER PT J AU Cooke, RF Carroll, JA Dailey, J Cappellozza, BI Bohnert, DW AF Cooke, R. F. Carroll, J. A. Dailey, J. Cappellozza, B. I. Bohnert, D. W. TI Bovine acute-phase response after different doses of corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE acute-phase proteins; acute-phase response; bovine; corticotropin-releasing hormone; proinflammatory cytokines ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; TECHNICAL NOTE; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; BEEF-CALVES; CATTLE; STRESS; PERFORMANCE; HAPTOGLOBIN; CORTISOL; TRANSPORTATION AB The objective was to compare the acute-phase response of steers receiving different doses of bovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Fourteen weaned Angus steers (BW = 191 +/- 2.1 kg, age = 167 +/- 4.7 d) fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter and a rectal temperature (RT) monitoring device were assigned to receive 1 of 3 treatments (intravenous infusion): 1) 0.1 mu g of CRH/kg of BW (CRH1; n = 5), 2) 0.5 mu g of CRH/kg of BW (CRH5; n = 5), and 3) 10 mL of saline (0.9%; n = 4). Blood samples were collected via catheters, relative to treatment infusion (0 h), hourly from -2 to 0 h and 4 to 8 h and every 30 min from 0 to 4 h. Rectal temperatures were recorded every 30 min from -2 to 8 h. Blood samples were also collected via jugular venipuncture and rectal temperatures assessed using a digital thermometer every 6 h from 12 to 72 h and every 24 h from 96 to 168 h. All plasma samples collected during the study were analyzed for concentrations of haptoglobin. All plasma samples collected from -2 to 8 h were analyzed for cortisol concentrations. Serum samples collected hourly from -2 to 8 h were analyzed for concentrations of NEFA, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon-gamma Cortisol peaked at 0.5 h for CRH1 steers but returned to baseline concentrations at 1 h relative to infusion (time effect; P < 0.01). In CRH5 steers, cortisol peaked at 0.5 h and returned to baseline concentrations 3.5 h relative to infusion (time effect; P < 0.01). Cortisol concentrations did not change after treatment infusion for saline steers (time effect; P = 0.42). In CRH1 steers, NEFA concentrations peaked 5 h after treatment infusion (time effect; P = 0.01). Conversely, serum NEFA concentrations did not change for CRH5 and saline steers after treatment infusion (time effect; P > 0.37). Mean serum TNF-alpha concentrations in CRH1 steers after treatment infusion were greater compared with saline (P = 0.02), tended to be greater (P = 0.08) compared with CRH5, and were similar (P = 0.40) between CRH5 and saline steers. Mean RT in CRH1 steers after treatment infusion were greater (P < 0.04) compared with saline and CRH5 and similar (P = 0.50) between CRH5 and saline steers. Haptoglobin increased and peaked 72 h after treatment infusion for CRH1 steers (time effect; P = 0.01) but did not change for CRH5 and saline steers (time effect; P > 0.45). In conclusion, the bovine acute-phase response stimulated by CRH infusion is dependent on the CRH dose and the subsequent response in circulating cortisol. C1 [Cooke, R. F.; Cappellozza, B. I.; Bohnert, D. W.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Carroll, J. A.; Dailey, J.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Cooke, RF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM reinaldo.cooke@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-ARS; USDA-NIFA Oregon [ORE00079A] FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, including the Burns and Union Stations, is jointly funded by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS. Financial support for this research was provided by USDA-NIFA Oregon (ORE00079A). Appreciation is expressed to Flavia Cooke, Cesar Trevisanuto, and Victor Tabacow (Oregon State University, Burns) for their assistance during this study. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2337 EP 2344 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4608 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200028 PM 22247118 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Green, BT Gardner, DR Cook, D Pfister, JA Panter, KE AF Welch, K. D. Green, B. T. Gardner, D. R. Cook, D. Pfister, J. A. Panter, K. E. TI The effect of 7, 8-methylenedioxylycoctonine-type diterpenoid alkaloids on the toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) in cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE cattle; Delphinium; diterpenoid alkaloids; larkspur; methyllycaconitine ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; BARBEYI; METHYLLYCACONITINE; GLAUCESCENS; RECEPTORS; MICE AB Delphinium spp. contain numerous norditerpenoid alkaloids which are structurally delineated as 7, 8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL) and N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids. The toxicity of many tall larkspur species has been primarily attributed to their increased concentration of MSAL-type alkaloids, such as methyllycaconitine (MLA), which are typically 20 times more toxic than MDL-type alkaloids. However, the less toxic MDL-type alkaloids are often more abundant than MSAL-type alkaloids in most Delphinium barbeyi and Delphinium occidentale populations. Previous research demonstrated that MDL-type alkaloids increase the acute toxicity of MSAL-type alkaloids. In this study, we examined the role of MDL-type alkaloids on the overall toxicity of tall larkspur plants to cattle while controlling for the exact dose of MSAL-type alkaloids. Cattle were dosed with plant material from 2 different populations of tall larkspur containing either almost exclusively MDL- or MSAL-type alkaloids. These 2 plant populations were combined to create mixtures with ratios of 0.3: 1, 1: 1, 5: 1, and 10: 1 MDL- to MSAL-type alkaloids. The dose that elicited similar clinical signs of poisoning in mice and cattle was determined for each mixture on the basis of the MSAL-type alkaloid content. As the ratio of MDL-to MSAL-type alkaloids increased, the amount of MSAL-type alkaloids required to elicit clinical signs decreased. These results indicate that the less toxic MDL-type alkaloids in tall larkspur exacerbate the toxicity of the MSAL-type alkaloids. Consequently, both the amount of MSAL-type alkaloids and the amount of total alkaloids should be fully characterized to determine more accurately the relative toxicity of tall larkspur plant material. C1 [Welch, K. D.; Green, B. T.; Gardner, D. R.; Cook, D.; Pfister, J. A.; Panter, K. E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Kevin.Welch@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2394 EP 2401 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4560 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200034 PM 22247113 ER PT J AU Johnson, JM Aiken, GE Phillips, TD Barrett, M Klotz, JL Schrick, FN AF Johnson, J. M. Aiken, G. E. Phillips, T. D. Barrett, M. Klotz, J. L. Schrick, F. N. TI Steer and pasture responses for a novel endophyte tall fescue developed for the upper transition zone SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE beef cattle; ergot alkaloids; fescue toxicosis; novel endophytes; tall fescue ID ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; TOXICOSIS; CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; PROLACTIN; ALLOWANCE AB A 2-yr grazing experiment was conducted with crossbred steers (8 to 10 mo and with initial BW of 304 kg +/- 34 kg in 2008 and 277 kg +/- 24 in 2009) to evaluate animal performance and pasture responses of a late maturing tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh; KYFA9301] population infected with the AR584 novel, non-toxic endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum; NE9301) as compared with Kentucky 31 fescue infected with the common toxic endophyte strain (KY31), 'Jesup' MaxQ fescue infected with the AR542 endophyte (MaxQ), and endophyte-free KYFA9301 (EF9301). Treatments were assigned for seeding in 1.0-ha pastures in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Pastures were grazed from 6 May to 23 July in 2008 (76 d) and 2 April to 25 June in 2009 (84 d). Each pasture was grazed with 4 tester steers and put-and-take steers were used to maintain forage mass at 2,500 +/- 250 kg DM/ha. Shrunk BW was taken at initiation and termination of grazing each year. Rectal and skin temperatures were recorded, and jugular blood was collected each year at approximately d 28, 56, and study completion. Forage samples were collected at 2-wk intervals for analyzing CP, IVDMD, ADF, and NDF. Responses were analyzed with mixed models, and preplanned orthogonal contrasts were used to compare KY31 with non-toxic fescues, EF9301 vs. novel endophyte fescues, and NE9301 vs. MaxQ. All steer responses were similar (P > 0.10) among the nontoxic fescues. Average daily gains and total BW gain/ha for the 3 non-toxic fescues were greater (P < 0.001) than for KY31. Rectal/skin temperatures for the 3 nontoxic fescues were less (P < 0.001) and serum prolactin concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) than for KY-31. Pasture carrying capacity was greater (P = 0.003) for KY31 than the 3 non-toxic fescues and was greater for EF9301 (P = 0.017) than the 2 novel endophyte fescues. However, stocking rates (kg BW/ha) at the initial and midpoint days of grazing were similar (P > 0.40) among endophyte-fescue combinations, but by the end of the grazing season, stocking rate was greater (P < 0.001) for KY31 than for the non-toxic fescues and was greater (P = 0.053) for NE9301 than for MaxQ. Results indicated that NE9301 is as effective as EF9301 and MaxQ in improving BW gain and alleviating fescue toxicosis and that NE9301 can provide greater carrying capacities than MaxQ in late June and July. C1 [Aiken, G. E.; Klotz, J. L.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Johnson, J. M.; Phillips, T. D.; Barrett, M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schrick, F. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM glen.aiken@ars.usda.gov FU University of Kentucky Department of Plant and Soil Sciences FX Appreciation is expressed to NZ Ag Research for providing the AR584 novel endophyte. Special thanks are extended to the University of Kentucky Department of Plant and Soil Sciences for funding the graduate assistantship, Facilities Management and the Beef Cattle Research Center for providing time and labor to the experiment, and to Tracy Hamilton and Jessica Carter for their valuable technical support NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2402 EP 2409 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4493 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200035 PM 22287669 ER PT J AU King, DA Shackelford, SD McDaneld, TG Kuehn, LA Kemp, CM Smith, TPL Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF King, D. A. Shackelford, S. D. McDaneld, T. G. Kuehn, L. A. Kemp, C. M. Smith, T. P. L. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. TI Associations of genetic markers in cattle receiving differing implant protocols SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE beef; carcass merit; implant; growth; single nucleotide polymorphism; tenderness ID LONGISSIMUS TENDERNESS; SARCOMERE-LENGTH; CARCASS QUALITY; BEEF-CATTLE; TRAITS; STEERS; PALATABILITY; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB The potential interaction of growth-promoting implants and genetic markers previously reported to be associated with growth, carcass traits, and tenderness was evaluated. Two implant protocols were applied to subsets of steers (n = 383) and heifers (n = 65) that were also genotyped for 47 SNP reported to be associated with variation in growth, fat thickness, LM area, marbling, or tenderness. The "mild" protocol consisted of a single terminal implant [16 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), 80 mg trenbalone acetate (TBA) or 8 mg EB, 80 mg TBA given to steers and heifers, respectively]. The "aggressive" protocol consisted of both a growing implant (8 mg EB, 40 mg TBA) for the lightest half of the animals on the aggressive protocol and 2 successive implants (28 mg EB, 200 mg TBA) given to all animals assigned to the aggressive treatment. Implant protocol had measurable impact on BW and ADG (P < 0.05), with the aggressive protocol increasing these traits before the terminal implant (relative to the mild protocol), whereas the mild protocol increased ADG after the terminal implant so that the final BW and ADG over the experimental period were similar between protocols. Animals on the aggressive protocol had significantly increased (P < 0.05) LM area (1.9 cm(2)), slice shear force (1.4 kg), and intact desmin (0.05 units), but decreased (P < 0.05) marbling score (49 units) and adjusted fat thickness (0.1 cm), and yield grade (0.15 units). Among both treatments, 8 of 9 growth-related SNP were associated with BW or ADG, and 6 of 17 tenderness-related SNP were associated with slice shear force or intact desmin. Favorable growth alleles generally were associated with increased carcass yield traits but decreased tenderness. Similarly, favorable tenderness genotypes for some markers were associated with decreased BW and ADG. Some interactions of implant protocol and genotype were noted, with some growth SNP alleles increasing the effect of the aggressive protocol. In contrast, putative beneficial effects of favorable tenderness SNP alleles were mitigated by the effects of aggressive implant. These type of antagonisms of management variables and genotypes must be accounted for in marker assisted selection (MAS) programs, and our results suggest that MAS could be used to manage, but likely will not eliminate negative impact of implants on quality. C1 [King, D. A.; Shackelford, S. D.; McDaneld, T. G.; Kuehn, L. A.; Kemp, C. M.; Smith, T. P. L.; Wheeler, T. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP King, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM andy.king@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded, in part, by The Beef Checkoff NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2410 EP 2423 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4693 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 972JK UT WOS:000306273200036 PM 22767554 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Siemann, E Wheeler, GS Zhu, L Gu, X Ding, JQ AF Wang, Yi Siemann, Evan Wheeler, Gregory S. Zhu, Lin Gu, Xue Ding, Jianqing TI Genetic variation in anti-herbivore chemical defences in an invasive plant SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE constitutive and inducible defences; EICA; evolution of increased competitive ability; flavonoids; invasion ecology; tannins ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; CHINESE TALLOW TREE; TRIADICA-SEBIFERA EUPHORBIACEAE; SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; ANTIHERBIVORE DEFENSES; NATIVE HERBIVORES; NATURAL ENEMIES; EICA HYPOTHESIS; UNITED-STATES AB 1. Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids or tannins that vary in effectiveness against different herbivores. Because invasive plants experience different herbivore interactions in their introduced versus native ranges, they may vary in defence chemical profiles. 2. We subjected tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) seedlings from native (China) and introduced (US) populations to induction by leaf clipping or one of three Chinese caterpillars (two generalists and one specialist). We measured the concentrations of five flavonoids and four tannins in leaves produced before or after damage. We measured growth of caterpillars fed these leaves from plants of each induction treatment or undamaged controls. 3. Plants from introduced populations had higher flavonoids and lower tannins than plants from native populations, especially in new leaves following induction. Caterpillar responses to changing chemical concentrations varied in direction and strength, so overall performance varied from significantly lower (generalist Grammodes geometrica), unchanged (generalist Cnidocampa flavescens), to significantly higher (specialist Gadirtha inexacta) on introduced populations. 4. Synthesis. Together, such a trade-off in secondary metabolism in invasive plants and the effect on herbivores suggest divergent selection may favour different chemical defences in the introduced range where co-evolved natural enemies, especially specialists, are absent. C1 [Wang, Yi; Zhu, Lin; Gu, Xue; Ding, Jianqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan Bot Inst, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yi; Gu, Xue] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Siemann, Evan] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Wheeler, Gregory S.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Zhu, Lin] Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Inst Environm Biol & Insect Resources, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Ding, JQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan Bot Inst, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM dingjianqing@yahoo.com FU China National Basic Study Program [2012CB11410004]; 100 Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; US National Science Foundation [DEB 0820560]; Florida Department of Environmental Protection and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission [SL849]; foreign visiting professorship of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX We would like to thank Juli Carrillo and Wei Huang for comments and discussions and Xuefang Yang for field assistance. We are grateful for comments by Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers that improved the early version of this manuscript. This study was supported by the China National Basic Study Program (2012CB11410004), the 100 Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (to J.D.), the US National Science Foundation (DEB 0820560 to E. S.), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (SL849 to G. W.), and the foreign visiting professorship of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (to E.S.). NR 52 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 107 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 100 IS 4 BP 894 EP 904 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01980.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959TE UT WOS:000305335400006 ER PT J AU Bartlett-Healy, K Unlu, I Obenauer, P Hughes, T Healy, S Crepeau, T Farajollahi, A Kesavaraju, B Fonseca, D Schoeler, G Gaugler, R Strickman, D AF Bartlett-Healy, Kristen Unlu, Isik Obenauer, Peter Hughes, Tony Healy, Sean Crepeau, Taryn Farajollahi, Ary Kesavaraju, Banu Fonseca, Dina Schoeler, George Gaugler, Randy Strickman, Daniel TI Larval Mosquito Habitat Utilization and Community Dynamics of Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE larval survey; container-inhabiting; larval-pupal productivity; New Jersey ID VECTOR COMPETENCE; UNITED-STATES; DETRITUS TYPE; NEW-JERSEY; AEGYPTI; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; INVASION; DENGUE AB Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. japonicus (Theobald) are important container-inhabiting mosquitoes that transmit disease agents, outcompete native species, and continue to expand their range in the United States. Both species deposit eggs in natural and artificial containers and thrive in peridomestic environments. The goal of our study was to examine the types and characteristics of containers that are most productive for these species in the northeastern United States. In total, 306 containers were sampled in urban, suburban, and rural areas of New Jersey. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors were recorded in an attempt to identify variables associated with the productivity of each species. Based on pupal abundance and density of container types, results showed that tires, trash cans, and planter dishes were the most important containers for Ae. albopictus, while planter dishes were the most important containers for Ae. japonicus. Container color (black and gray), material (rubber), and type (tires) were correlated with species presence for Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus. These factors may play a role in the selection of oviposition sites by female mosquitoes or in the survival of their progeny. Differences in species composition and abundance were detected between areas classified as urban, suburban, and rural. In urban and suburban areas, Ae. albopictus was more abundant in container habitats than Ae. japonicus; however, Ae. japonicus was more abundant in rural areas, and when water temperatures were below 14 degrees C. Our results suggest many variables can influence the presence of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus in container habitats in northeastern United States. C1 [Bartlett-Healy, Kristen; Unlu, Isik; Fonseca, Dina; Gaugler, Randy] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Unlu, Isik; Farajollahi, Ary] Mercer Cty Mosquito Control, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Obenauer, Peter] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Hughes, Tony] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Healy, Sean; Crepeau, Taryn] Monmouth Cty Mosquito Exterminat Commiss, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. [Kesavaraju, Banu] Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement Dist, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Schoeler, George] USN, Med Res Unit 2, Honolulu, HI USA. [Strickman, Daniel] USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bartlett-Healy, K (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM krisb@rci.rutgers.edu RI Gaugler, Randy/K-3898-2013; OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) FX We appreciate the assistance of Jesse Evans and Robin Murillo of the Navy Entomology Center for Excellence, Anna Corichi, Masooma Muzaffar, Ryan Rader, Michael Milewski, Nidhi Singh, and Heather Evans of Mercer County Mosquito Control, and Kyle Cole, and Jane McGivern of Monmouth County Mosquito Commission. We would also like to thank Kelly Pniewski and Linda McCuiston of Rutgers University. We thank those involved in the Area-wide Management Project for the Asian tiger mosquito, which has been funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS). The opinions or assertions expressed herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as representing those of the Department of Defense or the Department of the Navy. NR 48 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 37 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 813 EP 824 DI 10.1603/ME11031 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 971VN UT WOS:000306232500004 PM 22897041 ER PT J AU Rounds, MA Crowder, CD Matthews, HE Philipson, CA Scoles, GA Ecker, DJ Schutzer, SE Eshoo, MW AF Rounds, Megan A. Crowder, Christopher D. Matthews, Heather E. Philipson, Curtis A. Scoles, Glen A. Ecker, David J. Schutzer, Steven E. Eshoo, Mark W. TI Identification of Endosymbionts in Ticks by Broad-Range Polymerase Chain Reaction and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endosymbiont; tick; Ixodes; Dermacentor; polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry ID FRANCISELLA-LIKE ENDOSYMBIONTS; VECTOR AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; INFECTING WOOD TICKS; LONE STAR TICK; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; INTRACELLULAR SYMBIONTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIA; RICINUS AB Many organisms, such as insects, filarial nematodes, and ticks, contain heritable bacterial endosymbionts that are often closely related to transmissible tickborne pathogens. These intracellular bacteria are sometimes unique to the host species, presumably due to isolation and genetic drift. We used a polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry assay designed to detect a wide range of vectorborne microorganisms to characterize endosymbiont genetic signatures from Amblyomma americanum (L.), Amblyomma maculatum Koch, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Ixodes scapularis Say, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, Ixodes ricinus (L.), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) ticks collected at various sites and of different stages and both sexes. The assay combines the abilities to simultaneously detect pathogens and closely related endosymbionts and to identify tick species via characterization of their respective unique endosymbionts in a single test. C1 [Rounds, Megan A.; Crowder, Christopher D.; Matthews, Heather E.; Philipson, Curtis A.; Ecker, David J.; Eshoo, Mark W.] Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schutzer, Steven E.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Eshoo, MW (reprint author), Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM mark.eshoo@abbott.com FU National Institutes of Health [2R44AI077156-02]; Tami Fund FX We thank Scott Campbell (Suffolk County Department of Public Health, New York), Kirby Stafford, III (The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station), Jianmin Zhong (California State University Humboldt), and Stacy Berden (San Joaquin Mosquito and Vector Control) for providing ticks and Oliver Nolte (Laboratory of Brunner, Constance, Germany), Libor Grubhoffer, and Vaclav Honig (both University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic) for providing tick extracts. We also thank Keith Clay (Indiana University, Bloomington) for review of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant 2R44AI077156-02 and the Tami Fund. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1603/ME12038 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 971VN UT WOS:000306232500007 PM 22897044 ER PT J AU Szymlek-Gay, EA Lonnerdal, B Abrams, SA Kvistgaard, AS Domellof, M Hernell, O AF Szymlek-Gay, Ewa A. Loennerdal, Bo Abrams, Steven A. Kvistgaard, Anne S. Domellof, Magnus Hernell, Olle TI alpha-Lactalbumin and Casein-Glycomacropeptide Do Not Affect Iron Absorption from Formula in Healthy Term Infants SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BREAST-FED INFANTS; ZINC-BINDING SITE; ERYTHROCYTE INCORPORATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; CALCIUM-BINDING; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; BOVINE-MILK; DEFICIENCY; SUPPLEMENTATION; FRACTIONS AB Iron absorption from infant formula is relatively low. alpha-Lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide have been suggested to enhance mineral absorption. We therefore assessed the effect of alpha-lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide on iron absorption from infant formula in healthy term infants. Thirty-one infants were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 formulas (4 mg iron/L, 13.1 g protein/L) from 4-8 wk to 6 mo of age: commercially available whey-predominant standard infant formula (standard formula), alpha-lactalbumin enriched infant formula (alpha-LAC), or alpha-lactalbumin-enriched/casein-glycomacropeptide-reduced infant formula (alpha-LAC/RGMP). Nine breast-fed infants served as a reference. At 5.5 mo of age, Fe-58 was administered to all infants in a meal. Blood samples were collected 14 d later for iron absorption and iron status indices. Iron deficiency was defined as depleted iron stores, iron-deficient erythropoiesis, or iron deficiency anemia. Iron absorption (mean +/- SD) was 10.3 +/- 7.0% from standard formula, 8.6 +/- 3.8% from alpha-LAC, 9.2 +/- 6.5% from alpha-LAC/RGMP, and 12.9 +/- 6.5% from breast milk, with no difference between the formula groups (P = 0.79) or all groups (P = 0.44). In the formula-fed infants only, iron absorption was negatively correlated with serum ferritin (r = -0.49; P = 0.005) and was higher (P = 0.023) in iron-deficient infants (16.4 +/- 12.4%) compared with those with adequate iron status (8.6 +/- 4.4%). Our findings indicate that alpha-lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide do not affect iron absorption from infant formula in infants. Low serum ferritin concentrations are correlated with increased iron absorption from infant formula. J. Nutr. 142: 1226-1231, 2012. C1 [Szymlek-Gay, Ewa A.] Deakin Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Ctr Phys Act & Nutr Res, Burwood, Vic, Australia. [Szymlek-Gay, Ewa A.; Domellof, Magnus; Hernell, Olle] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Umea, Sweden. [Loennerdal, Bo] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kvistgaard, Anne S.] Arla Foods Ingredients Grp PS, Viby, Denmark. RP Szymlek-Gay, EA (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Ctr Phys Act & Nutr Res, Burwood, Vic, Australia. EM ewa.szymlekgay@deakin.edu.au RI Domellof, Magnus/E-5307-2011; OI Domellof, Magnus/0000-0002-0726-7029; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU Aria Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Aarhus, Denmark; Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [UMEA0901] FX Supported by Aria Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Aarhus, Denmark. E.A. Szymlek-Gay was in receipt of a New Zealand Science and Technology Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (UMEA0901). NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 142 IS 7 BP 1226 EP 1231 DI 10.3945/jn.111.153890 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963AP UT WOS:000305592800007 PM 22623383 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Zerofsky, M Burnett, DJ Lin, YP Hammock, BD Hall, LM McHugh, T AF Stephensen, Charles B. Zerofsky, Melissa Burnett, Dustin J. Lin, Yan-ping Hammock, Bruce D. Hall, Laura M. McHugh, Tara TI Ergocalciferol from Mushrooms or Supplements Consumed with a Standard Meal Increases 25-Hydroxyergocalciferol but Decreases 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in the Serum of Healthy Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; EDIBLE MUSHROOMS; US POPULATION; D-2; BIOAVAILABILITY; IRRADIATION; STEROL AB Few foods contain ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol. Treatment of mushrooms with UV light increases ergocalciferol content and could provide a dietary source of vitamin D. We evaluated the impact of consuming UV-treated white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) on the vitamin D status of healthy adults. Thirty-eight volunteers were randomized to 4 treatments consumed with a standard meal for 6 wk: the control (C) group received untreated mushrooms providing 0.85 mu g/d ergocalciferol (n = 10); groups M1 and M2 received UV-treated mushrooms providing 8.8 (n = 10) and 17.1 mu g/d (n = 9), respectively; and the supplement (S) group received purified ergocalciferol plus untreated mushrooms, providing a total of 28.2 mu g/d (n = 9). Serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol [25(OH)D2] were 83 38 and 2.4 2.0 nmol/L, respectively, at baseline (mean +/- SD). At wk 6, 25(OH)D2 had increased and was higher in all treatment groups than in the C group, whereas 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] had decreased and was lower in the M2 and S groups than in the C group. Increases in 25(OH)D2 for groups C, M1, M2, and S were 1.2 +/- 5.2, 13.8 +/- 7.3, 12.7 +/- 3.7, and 32.8 +/- 3.3 nmol/L and decreases in 25(OH)D3 were -3.9 +/- 16.3, -10.4 +/- 6.4, -20.6 +/- 14.6, and -29.5 +/- 15.9 nmol/L, respectively. Concentrations did not change in group C. In summary, ergocalciferol was absorbed and metabolized to 25(OH) D2 but did not affect vitamin D status, because 25(OH)D3 decreased proportionally. J. Nutr. 142: 1246-1252, 2012. C1 [Stephensen, Charles B.; Zerofsky, Melissa; Burnett, Dustin J.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stephensen, Charles B.; Zerofsky, Melissa; Burnett, Dustin J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lin, Yan-ping; Hammock, Bruce D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hall, Laura M.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [McHugh, Tara] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM charles.stephensen@ars.usda.gov FU Mushroom Council; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [5306-51530-018-00] FX Supported by The Mushroom Council (research grant to C.B.S.) and by USDA, Agricultural Research Service project no. 5306-51530-018-00. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mushrooms were provided by Monterey Mushroom, Inc. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 142 IS 7 BP 1246 EP 1252 DI 10.3945/jn.112.159764 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963AP UT WOS:000305592800010 PM 22623385 ER PT J AU Sakakeeny, L Roubenoff, R Obin, M Fontes, JD Benjamin, EJ Bujanover, Y Jacques, PF Selhub, J AF Sakakeeny, Lydia Roubenoff, Ronenn Obin, Martin Fontes, Joao D. Benjamin, Emelia J. Bujanover, Yoram Jacques, Paul F. Selhub, Jacob TI Plasma Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate Is Inversely Associated with Systemic Markers of Inflammation in a Population of U.S. Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; VITAMIN-B-6 STATUS; FOLATE CONCENTRATIONS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM PYRIDOXAL; DISEASE; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Low vitamin B-6 status, based on plasma concentrations of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), has been identified in inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes. Our objective was to examine the association between plasma PLP and multiple markers of inflammation in a community-based cohort [n = 2229 participants (55% women, mean age 61 +/- 9 y)]. We created an overall inflammation score (IS) as the sum of standardized values of 13 individual inflammatory markers. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis was used to assess the associations between the IS and plasma PLP. Geometric mean plasma PLP concentrations were lower in the highest tertile category of IS relative to the lowest (61 vs. 80 nmol/L; P-trend < 0.0001). Similarly, the prevalence of PLP insufficiency was significantly higher for participants in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles for IS categories. These relationships persisted after accounting for vitamin B-6 intake. Also, there were significant inverse relationships between plasma PLP and 4 IS based on functionally related markers, including acute phase reactants, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and oxidative stress. In addition, secondary analyses revealed that many of the individual inflammatory markers were inversely associated with plasma PLP after adjusting for plasma C-reactive protein concentration. This study, in combination with past findings, further supports our hypothesis that inflammation is associated with a functional deficiency of vitamin B-6. We discuss 2 possible roles for PLP in the inflammatory process, including tryptophan metabolism and serine hydroxyrnethyltransferase activity. J. Nutr. 142: 1280-1285, 2012. C1 [Sakakeeny, Lydia; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Obin, Martin] Tufts Univ, Obes Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Roubenoff, Ronenn] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fontes, Joao D.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Bujanover, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Safra Childrens Hosp, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Sakakeeny, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lydia.sakakeeny@gmail.com OI Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336 FU USDA [58-1950-7-707, 51520-008-04S]; Framingham Heart Study [NO1-HC251-95]; [1RO1 HL64753]; [R01 HL076784]; [1 R01 AG028321] FX Supported in part by a gift from Pharmavit and by USDA agreement nos. 58-1950-7-707 and 51520-008-04S. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. It was also supported by grants 1RO1 HL64753, R01 HL076784, and 1 R01 AG028321 and a Framingham Heart Study core contract NO1-HC251-95. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 142 IS 7 BP 1280 EP 1285 DI 10.3945/jn.111.153056 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963AP UT WOS:000305592800015 PM 22623384 ER PT J AU Clemens, R Kranz, S Mobley, AR Nicklas, TA Raimondi, MP Rodriguez, JC Slavin, JL Warshaw, H AF Clemens, Roger Kranz, Sibylle Mobley, Amy R. Nicklas, Theresa A. Raimondi, Mary Pat Rodriguez, Judith C. Slavin, Joanne L. Warshaw, Hope TI Filling America's Fiber Intake Gap: Summary of a Roundtable to Probe Realistic Solutions with a Focus on Grain-Based Foods SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; BODY-MASS INDEX; DIETARY FIBER; NATIONAL-HEALTH; NUTRIENT INTAKE; WEIGHT REGULATION; NHANES 1999-2002; WHOLE GRAINS; US CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Current fiber intakes are alarmingly low, with long-term implications for public health related to risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, certain gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and the continuum of metabolic dysfunctions including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Eating patterns high in certain fibers are known to lover LDL cholesterol and blood pressure, lower blood glucose, and decrease insulin resistance in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes; help with both weight loss and maintenance; and improve bowel regularity and gastrointestinal health. With >90% of adults and children who fall short of meeting their daily fiber recommendations, the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans once again classified fiber as a nutrient of concern. Despite efforts over the past decade to promote adequate fiber through fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intakes, fiber consumption has remained flat at approximately half the daily recommended amount. The public health implications of inadequate fiber intake prompted the roundtable session "Filling America's Fiber Gap: Probing Realistic Solutions," which assembled nutrition researchers, educators, and communicators to identify challenges, opportunities, and realistic solutions to help fill the current fiber gap. The roundtable discussions highlighted the need for both consumer and professional education to improve acceptance for and inclusion of grain-based foods with added fiber as one strategy for increasing fiber intakes within daily energy goals. J. Nutr. 142: 1390S-1401S, 2012. C1 [Clemens, Roger] Univ So Calif, Dept Pharm, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kranz, Sibylle] Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mobley, Amy R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Raimondi, Mary Pat] Acad Nutr & Dietet, Chicago, IL USA. [Rodriguez, Judith C.] Univ N Florida, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Slavin, Joanne L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN USA. [Warshaw, Hope] Hope Warshaw Associates LLC, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Clemens, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Pharm, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM clemens@usc.edu FU Kellogg Company FX The meeting was sponsored by Kellogg Company. The coordinator for this supplement is Betsy Hornick, Supplement Coordinator disclosures: Betsy Hornick is supported by funds from the Kellogg Company, and is a nutrition writer and consultant for FoodMinds, LLC, a food and nutrition affairs company that represents the Kellogg Company. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 142 IS 7 BP 1390S EP 1401S DI 10.3945/jn.112.160176 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963AP UT WOS:000305592800030 PM 22649260 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA AF Nakata, Paul A. TI Engineering Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation in Arabidopsis SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; Calcium; Crystals; Genes obcA and obcB; Oxalate ID GLEDITSIA-TRIACANTHOS L; L-ASCORBIC-ACID; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PISTIA-STRATIOTES; OXALIC-ACID; BURKHOLDERIA-GLUMAE; ISOLATED LEAFLETS; YUCCA-TORREYI; PLANTS; IDIOBLASTS AB Many plants accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate. Just how these crystals form remains unknown. To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating calcium oxalate crystal formation, a crystal engineering approach was initiated utilizing the non-crystal-accumulating plant, Arabidopsis. The success of this approach hinged on the ability to transform Arabidopsis genetically into a calcium oxalate crystal-accumulating plant. To accomplish this transformation, two oxalic acid biosynthetic genes, obcA and obcB, from the oxalate-secreting phytopathogen, Burkholderia glumae were inserted into the Arabidopsis genome. The co-expression of these two bacterial genes in Arabidopsis conferred the ability not only to produce a measurable amount of oxalate but also to form crystals of calcium oxalate. Biochemical and cellular studies of crystal accumulation in Arabidopsis revealed features that are similar to those observed in the cells of crystal-forming plants. Thus, it appears that at least some of the basic components that comprise the calcium oxalate crystal formation machinery are conserved even in non-crystal-accumulating plants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-0-008]; Integrated Microscopy Core at Baylor College of Medicine [U54 HD-07495-39, P30 DX56338-05A2, P39 CA125123-04, S10RR027783-01A1] FX This research was supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-0-008].; The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. Special thanks go to Michele McConn for comments on the manuscript. We wish to thank the Integrated Microscopy Core at Baylor College of Medicine (supported by grants U54 HD-07495-39, P30 DX56338-05A2, P39 CA125123-04, S10RR027783-01A1) and James Barrish for help with SEM and TEM sample preparation. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1275 EP 1282 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcs071 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 973PK UT WOS:000306372000010 PM 22576773 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Yau, YY Ow, DW Wang, Y AF Zhou, Yin Yau, Yuan-Yeu Ow, David W. Wang, Ying TI Site-specific deletions in the tomato genome by the CinH-RS2 and ParA-MRS recombination systems SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Site-specific recombination; Marker removal; Transgenic plants; Tomato transformation; Gene stacking ID GENE; PLANTS; DNA; MARKER; FRUIT; TRANSFORMATION; REPLACEMENT; ARABIDOPSIS; INTEGRATION; ENRICHMENT AB We have tested the CinH-RS2 and ParA-MRS site-specific deletion systems in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The ParA-MRS system is derived from the broad-host-range plasmid RK2, where the 222 aa ParA recombinase recognizes a 133 bp multimer resolution site (MRS). The CinH-RS2 system is derived from Acinetobacter plasmids pKLH2 and pKLH204, where the 188 amino acid CinH recombinase recognizes a 113-bp recombination site known as RS2. In this study, target lines containing a DNA segment flanked by recombination sites were crossed to recombinase-expressing lines producing CinH or ParA recombinase. CinH-mediated recombination of RS2 substrates was detected in 2 of 3 F-1 plants that harbor both the target and recombinase loci. On the other hand, recombination mediated by ParA was not detected among F-1 plants, but was found among 13 of 47 F-2 plants. These data show that both systems can mediate site-specific DNA deletion in the tomato genome, and, upon further refinement, can provide additional molecular tools for tomato improvement through precise genome manipulation. As the target construct also contains additional recombination sites for site-specific integration by other recombination systems, these tomato lines could be used for future testing of gene stacking through site-specific integration. C1 [Zhou, Yin; Wang, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Plant Germplasm Enhancement & Specialty A, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Yau, Yuan-Yeu; Ow, David W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Ow, David W.] S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Plant Germplasm Enhancement & Specialty A, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM dow@scbg.ac.cn; yingwang@wbgcas.cn FU Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-EW-J-20]; CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams Project; Chinese Ministry of Agriculture [2010ZX08010-001] FX We thank Professor Zhibiao Ye of Huazhong Agriculture University for technical support and Zhiguo Han of South China Botanical Garden for technical advice and discussion. This work was partially supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-20), CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams Project, and the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2010ZX08010-001). NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1863-5466 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL REP JI Plant Biotechnol. Rep. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 6 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s11816-012-0217-4 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 974MQ UT WOS:000306440000005 ER PT J AU Rada, NE Buccola, ST AF Rada, Nicholas E. Buccola, Steven T. TI Agricultural policy and productivity: evidence from Brazilian censuses SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE O2; O3; Brazilian agriculture; Embrapa; Input distance function; Stochastic frontier; Total factor productivity; Technical change; Efficiency ID NORTHEAST BRAZIL; CHINESE AGRICULTURE; GROWTH AB Brazil's economic strategy has shifted hesitatingly during the last several decades from one of producer protection to trade competitiveness. Exploiting the variations these shifts have afforded, we use a sequence of decennial agricultural censuses to examine Brazilian policy implications for agricultural competitiveness and efficiency. Total factor productivity is decomposed into best-technology and efficiency elements, each subject to policy influence. We find technology growth, at 4.5% per annum, to have been extraordinarily high, particularly in the south. But because productivity among average producers has fallen rapidly behind that on the technical frontier, total productivity growth has been a much more modest 2.6% per year. Public agricultural research programs most benefit the country's technological leaders, widening the gap between frontier and average producer. Credit, education, and road construction policies instead narrow that gap. Credit and road programs especially enhance efficiency in the south, where efficiency losses have been greatest. C1 [Rada, Nicholas E.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Buccola, Steven T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rada, NE (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 355 E St SW,6-269B, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM nrada@ers.usda.gov FU Oregon State University; Economic Research Service, USDA FX This project was funded by a cooperative agreement between Oregon State University and the Economic Research Service, USDA. Any views expressed are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2012.00588.x PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 969OU UT WOS:000306065800001 ER PT J AU Benight, NM Stoll, B Marini, JC Burrin, DG AF Benight, Nancy M. Stoll, Barbara Marini, Juan C. Burrin, Douglas G. TI Preventative oral methylthioadenosine is anti-inflammatory and reduces DSS-induced colitis in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methionine; matrix metalloproteinases; inflammatory bowel disease ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; LARGE GENE LISTS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION; RAT HEPATOCYTES; 5'-METHYLTHIOADENOSINE; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; CELLS AB Benight NM, Stoll B, Marini JC, Burrin DG. Preventative oral methylthioadenosine is anti-inflammatory and reduces DSS-induced colitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 303: G71-G82, 2012. First published May 3, 2012; doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00549.2011.Methylthioadenosine (MTA) is a precursor of the methionine salvage pathway and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in various models of acute and chronic inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of MTA in models of intestinal inflammation are not defined. We hypothesized that orally administered MTA would be bioavailable and reduce morbidity associated with experimental colitis. We examined clinical, histological, and molecular markers of disease in mice provided oral MTA before (preventative) or after (therapy) the induction of colitis with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We found a reduction in disease activity, weight loss, myeloperoxidase activity, and histological damage in mice given preventative MTA compared with DSS alone. We also found that equivalent supplementation with methionine could not reproduce the anti-inflammatory effects of MTA, and that MTA had no detectable adverse effects in control or DSS mice. Expression microarray analysis of colonic tissue showed several dominant pathways related to inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and extracellular matrix remodeling were upregulation by DSS and suppressed in MTA-supplemented mice. MTA is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and disseminated throughout the body, based on a time course analysis of an oral bolus of MTA. This effect is transient, with MTA levels falling to near baseline within 90 min in most organs. Moreover, MTA did not lead to increased blood or tissue methionine levels, suggesting that its effects are specific. However, MTA provided limited therapeutic benefit when administered after the onset of colitis. Our results show that oral MTA supplementation is a safe and effective strategy to prevent inflammation and tissue injury associated with DSS colitis in mice. Additional studies in chronic inflammatory models are necessary to determine if MTA is a safe and beneficial option for the maintenance of remission in human inflammatory bowel disease. C1 [Benight, Nancy M.; Stoll, Barbara; Marini, Juan C.; Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.edu OI Benight, Nancy/0000-0001-7321-3187 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6, 58-6250-001]; Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (National Institutes of Health) [P30 DK-56338] FX This work was supported by federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6&-001, and the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (National Institutes of Health Grant P30 DK-56338). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 303 IS 1 BP G71 EP G82 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00549.2011 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 973DR UT WOS:000306335500009 PM 22556140 ER PT J AU Duehl, AJ Arbogast, RT Sheridan, AB Teal, PE AF Duehl, Adrian J. Arbogast, Richard T. Sheridan, Audrey B. Teal, Peter E. TI The influence of light on small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) behavior and trap capture SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; small hive beetle; LED; phototaxis ID HONEY-BEE; COLEOPTERA NITIDULIDAE; APIS-MELLIFERA; VOLATILES; DISPERSAL; PARASITE; COLONIES AB The small hive beetle (Aethina tumida, Murray) is a major pest of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies, particularly in the Southeastern USA. We evaluated the small hive beetle's (SHB) response to different wavelengths of the light spectrum and found that SHB larvae and adults were most attracted to the 390 nm wavelength. Early instar larvae were not significantly attracted to light, while wandering larvae and adults exhibited strong positive phototaxis. The light response of the nonfeeding larval stage indicates readiness to leave a hive and search for pupation locations. Laboratory competitive trapping trials showed that light increased trap catches more than ten-fold for adults and twenty-fold for larvae compared to traps without light. Field trials demonstrated different features of photo attraction; at field sites, hanging traps with light-emitting diodes incorporated into the capture area did not capture more adults than control traps. Light traps in enclosed spaces effectively trapped both adults and larvae. Light shows promise for beetle control in locations where comb is stored or honey extracted. C1 [Duehl, Adrian J.; Arbogast, Richard T.; Teal, Peter E.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. [Sheridan, Audrey B.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Duehl, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. EM adrian.duehl@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s13592-011-0106-9 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971OV UT WOS:000306214600005 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Frake, AM Rinderer, TE AF de Guzman, Lilia I. Frake, Amanda M. Rinderer, Thomas E. TI Marking small hive beetles with thoracic notching: effects on longevity, flight ability and fecundity SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; mark; notch; recapture; survival; fecundity; flight activities ID AETHINA-TUMIDA COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; OCTOPAMINE; REPRODUCTION; MOVEMENT AB We tested two marking techniques for adult small hive beetles (SHB): dusting and thoracic notching. The use of blue and red chalk dusts to mark beetles was not persistent and caused early death of SHB with an average survival of 52.6 +/- 23.8 and 13.9 +/- 7.3 days, respectively. In contrast, notched beetles survived longer (mean = 353.6 +/- 5.3 days) with the last beetle dying after 383 days. Likewise, notched beetles (presumed to be injured because of oozing hemolymph from the notched area) also lived long with an average of 193.6 +/- 38.8 days. Notching also resulted in a high rate of recovery; 81% for beetles introduced directly into a nucleus colony, and 59% and 66% for a nucleus colony and pole traps, respectively, for beetles released inside a screen tent. These high recovery rates confirmed that notching did not interfere with the beetles' ability to fly. However, it appeared that notched females laid more eggs than those that were not notched both with multiple (171.70 +/- 11.20 vs 126.87 +/- 10.27 eggs per day) and single (70.02 +/- 5.45 vs 57.97 +/- 5.12 eggs per day) pairs for a period of 1-3 days. Whether or not notching affects lifetime fecundity of females was not assessed in this study. Nevertheless, notching is a permanent mark for SHB and thus, may be useful in many ecological studies or in studying the efficacy of lures and traps for SHB control. C1 [de Guzman, Lilia I.; Frake, Amanda M.; Rinderer, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM lilia.deguzman@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s13592-011-0107-8 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971OV UT WOS:000306214600006 ER PT J AU Malmierca, MG Cardoza, RE Alexander, NJ McCormick, SP Hermosa, R Monte, E Gutierrez, S AF Malmierca, M. G. Cardoza, R. E. Alexander, N. J. McCormick, S. P. Hermosa, R. Monte, E. Gutierrez, S. TI Involvement of Trichoderma Trichothecenes in the Biocontrol Activity and Induction of Plant Defense-Related Genes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES ENCODES; TUMOR-CELL LINES; OXYGENATION STEPS; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; MYCOTOXINS; HARZIANUM AB Trichoderma species produce trichothecenes, most notably trichodermin and harzianum A (HA), by a biosynthetic pathway in which several of the involved proteins have significant differences in functionality compared to their Fusarium orthologues. In addition, the genes encoding these proteins show a genomic organization differing from that of the Fusarium tri clusters. Here we describe the isolation of Trichoderma arundinaceum IBT 40837 transformants which have a disrupted or silenced tri4 gene, a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that oxygenates trichodiene to give rise to isotrichodiol, and the effect of tri4 gene disruption and silencing on the expression of other tri genes. Our results indicate that the tri4 gene disruption resulted in a reduced antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani and also in a reduced ability to induce the expression of tomato plant defense-related genes belonging to the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) pathways against B. cinerea, in comparison to the wild-type strain, indicating that HA plays an important function in the sensitization of Trichoderma-pre-treated plants against this fungal pathogen. Additionally, the effect of the interaction of T. arundinaceum with B. cinerea or R. solani and with tomato seedlings on the expressions of the tri genes was studied. C1 [Malmierca, M. G.; Cardoza, R. E.; Gutierrez, S.] Univ Leon, Univ Sch Agr Engineers, Area Microbiol, Ponferrada, Spain. [Alexander, N. J.; McCormick, S. P.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogen & Mycol Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Hermosa, R.; Monte, E.] Univ Salamanca, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Spanish Portuguese Ctr Agr Res CIALE, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. RP Gutierrez, S (reprint author), Univ Leon, Univ Sch Agr Engineers, Area Microbiol, Campus Ponferrada, Ponferrada, Spain. EM s.gutierrez@unileon.es RI Gutierrez, Santiago/H-6456-2015; Monte, Enrique/A-9008-2017; Hermosa, Rosa/A-9409-2017 OI Gutierrez, Santiago/0000-0001-6659-1390; Monte, Enrique/0000-0002-0166-5181; Hermosa, Rosa/0000-0003-4758-5838 FU Junta de Castilla y Leon [GR67]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2006-05660, AGL2009-13431-C01, AGL2009-13431-C02, AP2007-02835] FX Research project funding was obtained from Junta de Castilla y Leon (GR67) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2006-05660, AGL2009-13431-C01, and AGL2009-13431-C02). M. G. Malmierca was granted an FPU fellowship by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AP2007-02835). NR 59 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 78 IS 14 BP 4856 EP 4868 DI 10.1128/AEM.00385-12 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 969ZT UT WOS:000306098600011 PM 22562989 ER PT J AU Wesley, RL Cibils, AF Mulliniks, JT Pollak, ER Petersen, MK Fredrickson, EL AF Wesley, Robert L. Cibils, Andres F. Mulliniks, J. Travis Pollak, Emily R. Petersen, Mark K. Fredrickson, Ed. L. TI An assessment of behavioural syndromes in rangeland-raised beef cattle SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Animal temperaments; Animal personalities; Stress coping styles; Cow-calf; GPS; Grazing distribution ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; BOS-INDICUS; EXCITABLE TEMPERAMENTS; NORTHERN QUEENSLAND; ANIMAL TEMPERAMENT; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HOME-RANGE; DAIRY-COWS; PERFORMANCE; PERSONALITY AB Individuals in most animal groups exhibit consistent behavioural differences across situations or over time known as behavioural syndromes. We conducted a study with a herd of young rangeland-raised cows to determine whether animals exhibited consistent differences in foraging behaviours across contexts (confinement vs. rangeland pasture) and could be clustered into behavioural type groups on the basis of a suite of correlated behaviours. We also investigated whether cows with different behavioural types performed differently in this environment. Supplement consumption rate (SCR) in confinement was used to select two groups of cows (fast eaters vs. slow eaters). This classification was validated by measuring the persistence of SCR differences through time, conducting cluster analysis to classify individuals into two behavioural types (BT1 and BT2) on the basis of a suite of 14 behavioural, physiological, and performance predictors, and comparing serum cortisol concentrations of cows in either group. Discriminant and linear correlation analyses were used to assess the influence of behavioural and performance responses on the classification of cows, and to study the relationships between behaviour and animal performance. Thirty-three young cows were tracked with GPS collars for approximately 45 days during the calving seasons 01 2006 and 2007 and several performance responses were measured on each individual. Cows classified as exhibiting BT1 had significantly higher (P <= 0.05) SCR (mean +/- SE 2006: 1.90 +/- 0.1; 2007: 2.54 +/- 0.1 g/s) and serum cortisol (SC) concentrations (8.8 +/- 0.88 ng/mL) than BT2 counterparts (SCR 2006: 0.32 +/- 0.03 g/s; SCR 2007: 1.59 +/- 0.1 g/s; SC: 5.5 +/- 0.5 ng/mL). Compared to BT2 cows, BT1 individuals tended to spend less time at water (BT1 : 73 +/- 10; BT2: 172 +/- 16 min/day), cover larger areas (BT1, : 21 +/- 0.3; BT2: 17 +/- 2 ha/day), and exhibit less concentrated search patterns (BT1: 264 +/- 8.9; BT2: 314 +/- 2 Gm travelled/(ha covered/day)). BT1 individuals tended to be heavier (BT1 : 434 +/- 7; BT2: 394 +/- 10 kg) and began gaining weight sooner after calving (BT1 : 44 +/- 3; BT2: 69 +/- 6 days). Cows exhibiting BT1 were more abundant in the herd and appeared to perform better in the rangeland environment where we conducted the study. Further research is needed to determine the constraints imposed by this behavioural syndrome on animal performance in other feeding environments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cibils, Andres F.; Mulliniks, J. Travis] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Wesley, Robert L.; Pollak, Emily R.] Nature Conservancy, Red Canyon Ranch, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Petersen, Mark K.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Fredrickson, Ed. L.] USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Cibils, AF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Box 30003,MSC 3-1, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM acibils@nmsu.edu FU USDA-CSREES Rangeland Ecosystems Project; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; Corona Range and Livestock Research Centre FX This research was funded by the USDA-CSREES Rangeland Ecosystems Project, the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Corona Range and Livestock Research Centre. The USDA ARS Jornada Experimental Range provided equipment (GPS collars) and logistical support. We are indebted to Drs. Timothy Ross and Christopher Brown for comments and insightful discussion on earlier versions of this manuscript and to Dr. D.M. Hallford for conducting the serum cortisol RIA. Shad Cox, Michael Rubio, Christina Black-Rubio, and Maria Giacomini provided valuable help in the field. Joshua Miller, Brad Cooper, and Dustin Yates provided support with GIS work and laboratory analyses. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable suggestions that greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 139 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.04.005 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 971MS UT WOS:000306208600004 ER PT J AU Hafner, SD Montes, F Rotz, CA AF Hafner, Sasha D. Montes, Felipe Rotz, C. Alan TI A mass transfer model for VOC emission from silage SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dairy farms; Silage; Volatile organic compounds; Emission; Model ID HENRYS LAW COEFFICIENTS; AEROBIC DETERIORATION; AIR TURBULENCE; MAIZE SILAGE; GAS; TEMPERATURE; DAIRY; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION; ACETONITRILE AB Silage has been shown to be an important source of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone. Measurements have shown that environmental conditions and silage properties strongly influence emission rates, making it difficult to assess the contribution of silage in VOC emission inventories. In this work, we present an analytical convection-diffusion-dispersion model for predicting emission of VOCs from silage. It was necessary to incorporate empirical relationships from wind tunnel trials for the response of mass transfer parameters to surface air velocity and silage porosity. The resulting model was able to accurately predict the effect of temperature on ethanol emission in wind tunnel trials, but it over-predicted alcohol and aldehyde emission measured using a mass balance approach from corn silage samples outdoors and within barns. Mass balance results confirmed that emission is related to gas-phase porosity, but the response to air speed was not clear, which was contrary to wind tunnel results. Mass balance results indicate that alcohol emission from loose silage on farms may approach 50% of the initial mass over six hours, while relative losses of acetaldehyde will be greater. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hafner, Sasha D.; Montes, Felipe; Rotz, C. Alan] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hafner, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sasha.hafner@ars.usda.gov RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU National Milk Producers Federation FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Milk Producers Federation. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 54 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971JQ UT WOS:000306200600016 ER PT J AU Wegner, TH Spartz, JT AF Wegner, Theodore H. Spartz, James T. TI Nature's polymer SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article C1 [Wegner, Theodore H.; Spartz, James T.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Spartz, James T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Life Sci Commun, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wegner, TH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 7 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1002/cind.7607_10 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 972XG UT WOS:000306314100029 ER PT J AU Qiao, G Lee, DC Woo, SH Li, H Xu, DH Park, SI AF Qiao, Guo Lee, Deok Chan Woo, Sung Ho Li, Hua Xu, De-Hai Park, Soo Il TI Microbiological characteristics of Vibrio scophthalmi isolates from diseased olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vibrio scophthalmi; Microbiological characteristics; Olive flounder; Mortality; Diseases ID RNA GENE SEQUENCE; DNAJ GENE; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; EXTRACELLULAR PRODUCTS; PHYLOGENETIC MARKER; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; MAXIMUS CULTURE; RAINBOW-TROUT AB In 2005, massive mortality occurred in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus farms in Korea, and five isolates were collected from diseased fish. In this study, microbiological and pathogenic characteristics of these isolates were studied. The isolates gave negative results in lysine and ornithine decarboxylase, ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-galactoside, and citrate tests, and positive results in urease, esculinase, and nitrate reduction tests. The isolates produced acid from adipate, fructose, d-glucose, and maltose, and gave positive results in alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. According to genetic analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 98-100 % identity with both Vibrio scophthalmi and V. ichthyoenteri. The dnaJ gene sequences presented a higher identity with V. scophthalmi than with V. ichthyoenteri. Thus, the isolates were identified as V. scophthalmi. Pathogenicity of the five isolates in olive flounder was different and LD50 values were from 10(6) to 10(8) CFU/g fish. Symptoms included darkening of skin, hemorrhage of liver and intestine, ascites, and distended abdomen. Histopathological changes included hemopoiesis dilatation and epithelial hyaline droplets in kidney, macrophage infiltration and ellipsoid dilatation in spleen, vascular dilatation, submucosal edema, and serosa inflammation of intestine. Cumulative mortality was 25 % for fish singly infected by isolate A19008 or Streptococcus parauberis, and increased to 87.5 % in super-infection group with these two pathogens. C1 [Qiao, Guo; Woo, Sung Ho; Park, Soo Il] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Aquat Life Med, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Lee, Deok Chan] NFRDI, SE Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Tongyeong 650943, South Korea. [Li, Hua] Dalian Ocean Univ, Key Lab Mariculture & Biotechnol, Minist Agr, PRC, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Park, SI (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Aquat Life Med, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM out1937@nfrdi.go.kr; parksi@pknu.ac.kr NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 BP 853 EP 863 DI 10.1007/s12562-012-0502-8 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970JC UT WOS:000306123200012 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Leow, YN Liu, L Dharne, M Kannan, P AF Bhagwat, Arvind A. Leow, Yi Ning Liu, Liu Dharne, Mahesh Kannan, Porteen TI Role of Anionic Charges of Periplasmic Glucans of Shigella flexneri in Overcoming Detergent Stress SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; MEMBRANE-DERIVED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; OSMOTIC REGULATION; SALMONELLA; BIOSYNTHESIS; INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE AB Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are synthesized by the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae when grown under low osmotic growth conditions. Enteropathogens such as Shigella flexneri spend considerable time outside the host environment such as irrigation waters where low nutrient low osmolarity conditions normally may exist. We recently demonstrated that OPGs of S. flexneri are required for optimal growth under low osmolarity low nutrient conditions. Based on homology of the OPG biosynthesis genes to those of Escherichia coli, the presumptive function of opgC and opgB genes is to add succinate and phosphoglycerol residues respectively on OPGs, rendering them anionic. Using lambda-red recombination procedure, we constructed opgB, opgC, and opgBC mutants of S. flexneri. The mutant strain defective in opgC and opgB genes synthesized neutral OPGs. The OPGs without any anionic charges were beneficial for the organism's growth in hypo-osmotic media. However, with the loss of anionic charges from OPGs, mutants were compromised in their ability to combat stress caused by anionic detergents in hypo-osmotic growth conditions. Cloned wild-type genes opgB, opgC, and opgBC, when mobilized to respective opg mutants, simultaneously restored anionic charges to OPGs and tolerance to detergents. The data indicate that anionic charges on the OPGs contribute towards overcoming the stress caused by anionic detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium deoxycholate. C1 [Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA,BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov RI Dharne, Mahesh/K-3541-2012; OI Kannan, Porteen/0000-0002-6925-328X NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 7 BP 632 EP 637 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.1090 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 970AX UT WOS:000306101600009 PM 22730962 ER PT J AU Folster, JP Pecic, G Singh, A Duval, B Rickert, R Ayers, S Abbott, J McGlinchey, B Bauer-Turpin, J Haro, J Hise, K Zhao, S Fedorka-Cray, PJ Whichard, J McDermott, PF AF Folster, J. P. Pecic, G. Singh, A. Duval, B. Rickert, R. Ayers, S. Abbott, J. McGlinchey, B. Bauer-Turpin, J. Haro, J. Hise, K. Zhao, S. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Whichard, J. McDermott, P. F. TI Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolated from Food Animals, Retail Meat, and Humans in the United States 2009 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PLASMIDS; CMY-2; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POULTRY; STRAINS AB Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. Although salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections typically require antimicrobial treatment, and ceftriaxone, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC), is commonly used in both adults and children. Surveillance conducted by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) has shown a recent increase in ESC resistance among Salmonella Heidelberg isolated from food animals at slaughter, retail meat, and humans. ESC resistance among Salmonella in the United States is usually mediated by a plasmid-encoded bla(CMY) beta-lactamase. In 2009, we identified 47 ESC-resistant bla(CMY)-positive Heidelberg isolates from humans (n = 18), food animals at slaughter (n = 16), and retail meats (n = 13) associated with a spike in the prevalence of this serovar. Almost 90% (26/29) of the animal and meat isolates were isolated from chicken carcasses or retail chicken meat. We screened NARMS isolates for the presence of bla(CMY), determined whether the gene was plasmid-encoded, examined pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns to assess the genetic diversities of the isolates, and categorized the bla(CMY) plasmids by plasmid incompatibility groups and plasmid multi-locus sequence typing (pMLST). All 47 bla(CMY) genes were found to be plasmid encoded. Incompatibility/replicon typing demonstrated that 41 were IncI1 plasmids, 40 of which only conferred bla(CMY)-associated resistance. Six were IncA/C plasmids that carried additional resistance genes. pMLST of the IncI1-bla(CMY) plasmids showed that 27 (65.8%) were sequence type (ST) 12, the most common ST among bla(CMY)-IncI1 plasmids from Heidelberg isolated from humans. Ten plasmids had a new ST profile, ST66, a type very similar to ST12. This work showed that the 2009 increase in ESC resistance among Salmonella Heidelberg was caused mainly by the dissemination of bla(CMY) on IncI1 and IncA/C plasmids in a variety of genetic backgrounds, and is likely not the result of clonal expansion. C1 [Folster, J. P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Syst, OID NCEZID DFWED EDLB, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Singh, A.; Ayers, S.; Abbott, J.; Zhao, S.; McDermott, P. F.] US FDA, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Res Off, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD USA. [Folster, J. P.; Pecic, G.] IHRC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Duval, B.; Bauer-Turpin, J.; Haro, J.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Folster, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Syst, OID NCEZID DFWED EDLB, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gux8@cdc.gov FU CDC; USDA; FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine FX We thank the NARMS participating public health laboratories for submitting the isolates, Anne Whitney for DNA sequencing, Alessandra Carattoli for the plasmid incompatibility typing control strains, and Maria Karlsson for her critical review. This work was partially supported by an interagency agreement between CDC, USDA, and the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC, FDA or USDA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 7 BP 638 EP 645 DI 10.1089/fpd.2012.1130 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 970AX UT WOS:000306101600010 PM 22755514 ER PT J AU Cooke, WH Mostovoy, GV Anantharaj, VG Jolly, WM AF Cooke, William H. Mostovoy, Georgy V. Anantharaj, Valentine G. Jolly, W. Matt TI Wildfire Potential Mapping over the State of Mississippi: A Land Surface Modeling Approach SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT INDEXES; FUEL MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; PROBABILITY; SYSTEM; IGNITION; CLIMATE; RISK; TIME AB A relationship between the likelihood of wildfires and various drought metrics (soil moisture-based fire potential indices) were examined over the southern part of Mississippi. The following three indices were tested and used to simulate spatial and temporal wildfire probability changes: (1) the accumulated difference between daily precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (P - E); (2) simulated moisture content of the top 10 cm of soil; and (3) the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI). These indices were estimated from gridded meterological data and Mosaic-simulated soil moisture data available from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2). The relationships between normalized fire potential index deviations and the probability of at least one fire occurring during the following five consecutive days were evaluated using a 23-year (1986-2008) forest fire record for an evenly spaced grid (0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees) across the state of Mississippi's coastal plain. Two periods were selected and examined (January-mid June and mid September-December). There was good agreement between the observed and logistic model-fitted fire probabilities over the study area during both seasons. The fire potential indices based on the top 10 cm soil moisture and KBDI had the largest impact on wildfire odds, increasing it by almost 2 times in response to each unit change of the corresponding fire potential index during January-mid-June period and by nearly 1.5 times during mid-September-December. These results suggest that soil moisture-based fire potential indices are good indicators of fire occurrence probability across this region. C1 [Cooke, William H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cooke, William H.; Mostovoy, Georgy V.] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Anantharaj, Valentine G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jolly, W. Matt] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Cooke, WH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM whc5@geosci.msstate.edu FU NASA Applied Sciences Program [NNX10AB74G]; National Center for Computational Sciences at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA FX This research was supported by the NASA Applied Sciences Program via grant/project NNX10AB74G. Valentine Anantharaj was also supported by the National Center for Computational Sciences at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. The authors greatly appreciate efforts of the NLDAS-2 team for providing high-quality land surface data for the research community, and the efforts of the Mississippi Forestry Commission for continuing to supply wildfire data for research purposes. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 492 EP 509 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.49.4.492 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 970HH UT WOS:000306118500002 ER PT J AU Comas, LH Mueller, KE Taylor, LL Midford, PE Callahan, HS Beerling, DJ AF Comas, L. H. Mueller, K. E. Taylor, L. L. Midford, P. E. Callahan, H. S. Beerling, D. J. TI EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANGIOSPERM ROOT TRAITS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE specific root length; root trait evolution; biogeochemical weathering; EM colonization; AM colonization; nitrogen; carbon dioxide (CO2); soil ID POTENTIAL GROWTH-RATE; LEAF VEIN EVOLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; PHYTOTARIUM CONCEPT; CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS; VASCULAR PLANTS; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOREAL FOREST AB On the basis of a synthesis of recent progress in belowground ecology, we advance and discuss a hypothesis that relates root trait evolution to the increased dominance of angiosperms into dry upland habitats and the decline of atmospheric CO2 concentration that began in the Cretaceous. Our hypothesis is built from examining patterns of fine root adaptations during the Cretaceous, when angiosperms dramatically diversified in association with arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal root-fungal symbionts. We then explore the potential effects of root adaptations and mycorrhizas on the geochemical carbon cycle. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses of root traits among extant plant species, we suggest that angiosperm taxa, which diversified since the early Cretaceous, evolved thinner roots with greater root length per unit of biomass invested (i.e., specific root length [SRL]) than earlier diverging taxa. We suggest that these changes in root morphology were facilitated by a decline in atmospheric CO2, which likely caused water to become more limiting and nutrients more bound to organic matter. Under these conditions, we suggest that thin roots with long SRL would have allowed plants to more efficiently forage for soil water and nutrients. This assertion is supported by the observation that SRL correlates with greater root length density in soil and increased root capacity to take up water. Simulations indicate that the evolution of angiosperm root systems with greater SRL and ectomycorrhizas during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic substantially increased mineral weathering rates, with a fourfold increase in SRL, equivalent to a quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The hypothesis presented here raises the possibility that plant hydraulic status and nutrient balance together shaped whole-plant growth strategies, with important consequences for the evolution of the biosphere. C1 [Comas, L. H.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mueller, K. E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Taylor, L. L.; Beerling, D. J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Midford, P. E.] Duke Univ, Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Callahan, H. S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Comas, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM louise.comas@ars.usda.gov; kevin.e.mueller@gmail.com; l.l.taylor@sheffield.ac.uk RI Callahan, Hilary/A-3229-2013; Beerling, David/C-2840-2009; OI Beerling, David/0000-0003-1869-4314; Mueller, Kevin/0000-0002-0739-7472 FU National Science Foundation [IOS 07-19259]; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center FX We would like to thank T. S. Feild and E. J. Edwards for inviting us to write this review and encouraging the collaboration to accomplish it and T. S. Feild and two anonymous reviewers for feedback and suggestions for strengthening this article. L. H. Comas and H. S. Callahan would like to thank S. Roberts and A. Patterson at Barnard College for assistance with root trait collection, M. Hatchoudorian at the New York Botanical Garden and K. Bucharowski in Barnard's Ross Greenhouse for access to plants, and the National Science Foundation (IOS 07-19259) for financial support. L. H. Comas and P. E. Midford would like to thank the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center for a short-term visitor award to L. H. Comas that facilitated their collaboration. NR 105 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 85 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 EI 1537-5315 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 173 IS 6 BP 584 EP 595 DI 10.1086/665823 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 968JU UT WOS:000305977100004 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB AF Altenbach, Susan B. TI New insights into the effects of high temperature, drought and post-anthesis fertilizer on wheat grain development SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Environment; Proteomics; Transcriptomics; Wheat quality ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HEAT-RESPONSIVE PROTEINS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; CARYOPSIS DEVELOPMENT; GLIADIN PROTEINS; DURUM-WHEAT; ENDOSPERM; GENES AB Temperature, water and fertilizer have complex and interacting effects on wheat grain development, yield and flour quality. Transcript and protein profiling studies have provided insight into molecular processes in the grain and are now being used in conjunction with controlled growth experiments to decipher the effects of specific environmental variables on grain development. These studies are complicated because environmental treatments such as high temperature and drought shorten the duration of grain development and because effects of high temperature and drought on gene expression and protein accumulation are superimposed upon those of post-anthesis fertilizer. The integration of data from recent proteomic and transcriptomic studies is an important step in identifying genes and proteins that respond to environment and affect yield and flour quality. Such information is needed to develop wheat better able to adapt to global climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM susan.altenbach@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 13 U2 85 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.12.012 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 973GV UT WOS:000306349100006 ER PT J AU Chen, GS Notaro, M Liu, ZY Liu, YQ AF Chen, Guang-Shan Notaro, Michael Liu, Zhengyu Liu, Yongqiang TI Simulated Local and Remote Biophysical Effects of Afforestation over the Southeast United States in Boreal Summer SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION-CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LAND-COVER CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; EARTHS CLIMATE; GCM SIMULATION; IMPACTS; SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERE AB Afforestation has been proposed as a climate change mitigation strategy by sequestrating atmospheric carbon dioxide. With the goal of increasing carbon sequestration, a Congressional project has been planned to afforest about 18 million acres by 2020 in the Southeast United States (SEUS), the Great Lake states, and the Corn Belt states. However, biophysical feedbacks of afforestation have the potential to counter the beneficial climatic consequences of carbon sequestration. To assess the potential biophysical effects of afforestation over the SEUS, the authors designed a set of initial value ensemble experiments and long-term quasi-equilibrium experiments in a fully coupled Community Climate System Model, version 3.5 (CCSM3.5). Model results show that afforestation over the SEUS not only has a local cooling effect in boreal summer [June-August (JJA)] at short and long time scales but also induces remote warming over adjacent regions of the SEUS at long time scales. Precipitation, in response to afforestation, increases over the SEUS (local effect) and decreases over adjacent regions (remote effect) in JJA. The local surface cooling and increase in precipitation over SEUS in JJA are hydrologically driven by the changes in evapotranspiration and latent heat flux. The remote surface warming and decrease in precipitation over adjacent regions are adiabatically induced by anomalous subsidence. Our results suggest that the planned afforestation efforts should be developed carefully by taking account of short-term (local) and long-term (remote) biophysical effects of afforestation. C1 [Chen, Guang-Shan; Notaro, Michael; Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Liu, Yongqiang] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM gchen9@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; NOAA CPPA; [GYHY200906016]; [2012CB955201] FX The authors gratefully thank the three anonymous reviewers. Their comments and suggestions improved the paper significantly. This work is supported by USDA Forest Service and NOAA CPPA. This work is also supported by Grants GYHY200906016 and 2012CB955201. The simulations were made using NERSC computer resources. We thank Dr. Robert Gallimore for discussion. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 13 BP 4511 EP 4522 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00317.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GN UT WOS:000306043800007 ER PT J AU Kalchayanand, N Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Schmidt, JW Wang, R Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL AF Kalchayanand, Norasak Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Schmidt, John W. Wang, Rong Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. TI Evaluation of Commonly Used Antimicrobial Interventions for Fresh Beef Inoculated with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serotypes O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157:H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ACIDIFIED SODIUM-CHLORITE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PEROXYACETIC ACID; PROCESSING PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-BEEF; HOT-WATER; O157-H7; PREVALENCE; REDUCTION AB Although numerous antimicrobial interventions targeting Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been developed and implemented to decontaminate meat and meat products during the harvesting process, the information on efficacy of these interventions against the so-called Big Six non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains is limited. Prerigor beef flanks (160) were inoculated to determine if antimicrobial interventions currently used by the meat industry have a similar effect in reducing non-O157 STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 compared with E. coli O157:H7. A high (10(4) CFU/cm(2)) or a low (10(1) CFU/cm(2)) inoculation of two cocktail mixtures was applied to surfaces of fresh beef. Cocktail mixture I was composed of O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157, while cocktail mixture 2 was composed of O45, O121, and O157. The inoculated fresh beef flanks were subjected to spray treatments by the following four antimicrobial compounds: acidified sodium chlorite, peroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, and hot water. High-level inoculation samples were enumerated for the remaining bacteria populations after each treatment and compared with the untreated controls, while low-level inoculation samples were chilled for 48 h at 4 degrees C before enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, and isolation. Spray treatments with hot water were the most effective, resulting in mean pathogen reductions of 3.2 to 4.2 log CFU/cm(2), followed by lactic acid. Hot water and lactic acid also were the most effective interventions with the low-level inoculation on surfaces of fresh beef flanks after chilling. Peroxyacetic acid had an intermediate effect, while acidified sodium chlorite was the least effective in reducing STEC levels immediately after treatment. Results indicate that the reduction of non-O157 STEC by antimicrobial interventions on fresh beef surfaces were at least as great as for E. coli O157:H7. However, the recovery of these low inoculation levels of pathogens indicated that there is no single intervention to eliminate them. C1 [Kalchayanand, Norasak; Arthur, Terrance M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Schmidt, John W.; Wang, Rong; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kalchayanand, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM norasak.kalchayanand@ars.usda.gov FU American Meat Institute Foundation FX This project was funded, in part, by the American Meat Institute Foundation. The authors thank the following companies: Ecolab, Environ Tech, Elanco Food Solutions, Punic, and SteriFx for providing the necessary equipment and antimicrobial compounds used in this study. We also thank Bruce Jasch, Frank Reno, Greg Smith, Sydney Brodrick, and Ken Ostdiek for their technical assistance, and Cheryl Yates for secretarial assistance. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1207 EP 1212 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-531 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 972AW UT WOS:000306249900003 PM 22980002 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Ukuku, D Phillips, JG Juneja, VK AF Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Ukuku, Dike Phillips, John G. Juneja, Vijay K. TI Survival and Growth of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Membrane-Processed Liquid Egg White with pH, Temperature, and Storage Conditions as Controlling Factors SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; WHOLE EGG; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; YOLK; INACTIVATION; RADIATION; PRODUCTS; RISK; FOOD AB Processing temperature and pH are known to influence the lethality and cell injury in many microbial interventions. A study was undertaken to determine the effects of variations in solution pH and process temperature on the removal and growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in liquid egg white (LEW) by microfiltration (MF) membrane process. The effects of various storage conditions on the growth of Salmonella in membrane-separated LEW were evaluated. Pretreated and pH-adjusted (pH 6 to pH 9) LEW was inoculated with a five-strain composite of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis at ca. 7 log CFU/ml, microfiltered at 25 or 40 degrees C, and stored at 4 or 10 degrees C. Temperature had a greater influence on Salmonella reduction than did pH. The maximum reduction of Salmonella and background microflora in LEW by MF was observed at 40 degrees C and pH 8 and 9. However, the influence of temperature on permeate flow was less than that of pH. The mean permeate flow increased by 180% at 25 degrees C as the pH decreased from 9 to 6, while flow increased merely by 18% at pH 6 as temperature increased from 25 to 40 degrees C. Salmonella populations in processed LEW at 4 degrees C storage remained quite stable (0.01 to 0.55 log CFU/ml), irrespective of MF experimental conditions. At 10 degrees C the population was greater, but no major outgrowth was observed. Findings from this study would be advantageous to liquid egg processing industries. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan; Ukuku, Dike; Phillips, John G.; Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sudarsan.mukhopadhyay@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1219 EP 1226 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-436 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 972AW UT WOS:000306249900005 PM 22980004 ER PT J AU Batz, MB Hoffmann, S Morris, JG AF Batz, Michael B. Hoffmann, Sandra Morris, J. Glenn, Jr. TI Ranking the Disease Burden of 14 Pathogens in Food Sources in the United States Using Attribution Data from Outbreak Investigations and Expert Elicitation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RISK-FACTORS; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; NEW-ZEALAND; INFECTIONS; SITES; MODEL; CONSUMPTION; ENGLAND; WALES AB Understanding the relative public health impact of major microbiological hazards across the food supply is critical for a risk-based national food safety system. This study was conducted to estimate the U.S. health burden of 14 major pathogens in 12 broad categories of food and to then rank the resulting 168 pathogen-food combinations. These pathogens examined were Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, norovirus, Salmonella enterica, Toxoplasma gondii, and all other FoodNet pathogens. The health burden associated with each pathogen was measured using new estimates of the cost of illness and loss of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) from acute and chronic illness and mortality. A new method for attributing illness to foods was developed that relies on both outbreak data and expert elicitation. This method assumes that empirical data are generally preferable to expert judgment; thus, outbreak data were used for attribution except where evidence suggests that these data are considered not representative of food attribution. Based on evaluation of outbreak data, expert elicitation, and published scientific literature, outbreak-based attribution estimates for Campylobacter, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Yersinia were determined not representative; therefore, expert-based attribution were included for these four pathogens. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the effect of attribution data assumptions on rankings. Disease burden was concentrated among a relatively small number of pathogen-food combinations. The top 10 pairs were responsible for losses of over $8 billion and 36,000 QALYs, or more than 50% of the total across all pairs. Across all 14 pathogens, poultry, pork, produce, and complex foods were responsible for nearly 60% of the total cost of illness and loss of QALYs. C1 [Batz, Michael B.; Morris, J. Glenn, Jr.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Hoffmann, Sandra] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hoffmann, Sandra] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Batz, MB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, POB 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM mbatz@ufl.edu OI Batz, Michael/0000-0001-5085-5953 FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Milbank Memorial Fund FX This research was supported by competitive grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (now the National Institute of Food and Agriculture), and the Milbank Memorial Fund. We thank our collaborators on the research efforts extended by this study, in particular Alan J. Krupnick, Paul S. Fischbeck, Heather Green, Michael McWilliams, and Michael R. Taylor. NR 55 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 68 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1278 EP 1291 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-418 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 972AW UT WOS:000306249900013 PM 22980012 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, S Batz, MB Morris, JG AF Hoffmann, Sandra Batz, Michael B. Morris, J. Glenn, Jr. TI Annual Cost of Illness and Quality-Adjusted Life Year Losses in the United States Due to 14 Foodborne Pathogens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; ECONOMIC COST; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; DISEASE BURDEN; HEALTH; INFECTIONS; RISK; QALYS; PRIORITIZATION; POPULATION AB In this article we estimate the annual cost of illness and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) loss in the United States caused by 14 of the 31 major foodbome pathogens reported on by Scallan et al. (Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17:7-15, 2011), based on their incidence estimates of foodbome illness in the United States. These 14 pathogens account for 95% of illnesses and hospitalizations and 98% of deaths due to identifiable pathogens estimated by Scallan et al. We estimate that these 14 pathogens cause $14.0 billion (ranging from $4.4 billion to $33.0 billion) in cost of illness and a loss of 61,000 QALYs (ranging from 19,000 to 145,000 QALYs) per year. Roughly 90% of this loss is caused by five pathogens: nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica ($3.3 billion; 17,000 QALYs), Campylobacter spp. ($1.7 billion; 13,300 QALYs), Listeria monocytogenes ($2.6 billion; 9,400 QALYs), Toxoplasma gondii ($3 billion; 11,000 QALYs), and norovirus ($2 billion: 5,000 QALYs). A companion article attributes losses estimated in this study to the consumption of specific categories of foods. To arrive at these estimates, for each pathogen we create disease outcome trees that characterize the symptoms, severities, durations, outcomes, and likelihoods of health states associated with that pathogen. We then estimate the cost of illness (medical costs, productivity loss, and valuation of premature mortality) for each pathogen. We also estimate QALY loss for each health state associated with a given pathogen, using the EuroQol 5D scale. Construction of disease outcome trees, outcome-specific cost of illness, and EuroQol 5D scoring are described in greater detail in a second companion article. C1 [Hoffmann, Sandra] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Batz, Michael B.; Morris, J. Glenn, Jr.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Hoffmann, S (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM shoffmann@ers.usda.gov OI Batz, Michael/0000-0001-5085-5953 FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Milbank Memorial Fund FX This research was supported by grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (now the National Institute of Food and Agriculture), and the Milbank Memorial Fund. We thank our collaborators on the research efforts extended by this study, in particular Alan J. Krupnick, Paul S. Fischbeck, Heather Green. Michael McWilliams, and Michael R. Taylor. NR 71 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 68 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1292 EP 1302 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-417 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 972AW UT WOS:000306249900014 PM 22980013 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Frank, JF AF Berrang, Mark E. Frank, Joseph F. TI Generation of Airborne Listeria innocua from Model Floor Drains SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING PLANT; MONOCYTOGENES; MEAT; CHICKEN; CONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL; PRODUCTS; OUTBREAK; AEROSOLS; BIOFILM AB Listeria monocyto genes can colonize floor drains in poultry processing and further processing facilities, remaining present even after cleaning and disinfection. Therefore, during wash down, workers exercise caution to avoid spraying hoses directly into drains in an effort to prevent the escape and transfer of drain microflora to food contact surfaces. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which an inadvertent water spray into a colonized floor drain can cause the spread of airborne Listeria. Listeria innocua was used to inoculate a polyvinyl chloride model floor drain, resulting in approximately 10(8) cells per ml of phosphate-buffered saline and 10(4) attached cells per square centimeter of inner surface. Each model drain was subjected to a 2-s spray of tap water at 68.9 kPa from a distance of 1 m. Drains were sprayed while filled and again after emptying. Airborne cells were collected by using sedimentation plates containing Listeria selective agar which were placed on the floor and walls of a contained room at incremental horizontal and vertical distances of 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, or 4.0 m from the drain. Sedimentation plates were exposed for 10 min. A mechanical sampler was used to also collect air by impaction on the surface of Listeria selective agar to determine the number of cells per liter of air. The experiment was conducted in triplicate rooms for each of four replications. L. innocua was detected on sedimentation plates on the floor as far as 4.0 m from the drain and on walls as high as 2.4 m above the floor and 4 m from the drain. A 2-s spray with a water hose into a contaminated drain can cause airborne spread of Listeria, resulting in the potential for cross-contamination of food contact surfaces, equipment, and exposed product. C1 [Berrang, Mark E.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Frank, Joseph F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1328 EP 1331 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-021 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 972AW UT WOS:000306249900020 PM 22980019 ER PT J AU Wilson, R Plinston, C Hunter, N Casalone, C Corona, C Tagliavini, F Suardi, S Ruggerone, M Moda, F Graziano, S Sbriccoli, M Cardone, F Pocchiari, M Ingrosso, L Baron, T Richt, J Andreoletti, O Simmons, M Lockey, R Manson, JC Barron, RM AF Wilson, Rona Plinston, Chris Hunter, Nora Casalone, Cristina Corona, Cristiano Tagliavini, Fabrizio Suardi, Silvia Ruggerone, Margherita Moda, Fabio Graziano, Silvia Sbriccoli, Marco Cardone, Franco Pocchiari, Maurizio Ingrosso, Loredana Baron, Thierry Richt, Juergen Andreoletti, Olivier Simmons, Marion Lockey, Richard Manson, Jean C. Barron, Rona M. TI Chronic wasting disease and atypical forms of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie are not transmissible to mice expressing wild-type levels of human prion protein SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; TRANSGENIC MICE; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; ORAL-TRANSMISSION; INFECTIOUS PRIONS; GREAT-BRITAIN; MULE DEER; ELK; STRAINS; AGENT AB The association between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has demonstrated that cattle transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) can pose a risk to human health and raises the possibility that other ruminant TSEs may be transmissible to humans. In recent years, several novel TSEs in sheep, cattle and deer have been described and the risk posed to humans by these agents is currently unknown. In this study, we inoculated two forms of atypical BSE (BASE and H-type BSE), a chronic wasting disease (CWD) isolate and seven isolates of atypical scrapie into gene-targeted transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the human prion protein (PrP). Upon challenge with these ruminant TSEs, gene-targeted Tg mice expressing human PrP did not show any signs of disease pathology. These data strongly suggest the presence of a substantial transmission barrier between these recently identified ruminant TSEs and humans. C1 [Wilson, Rona; Plinston, Chris; Hunter, Nora; Manson, Jean C.; Barron, Rona M.] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Neuropathogenesis Div, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wilson, Rona; Plinston, Chris; Hunter, Nora; Manson, Jean C.; Barron, Rona M.] Univ Edinburgh, RDSVS, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland. [Casalone, Cristina; Corona, Cristiano] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Piemonte, Turin, Italy. [Tagliavini, Fabrizio; Suardi, Silvia; Ruggerone, Margherita; Moda, Fabio] IRCCS Fdn, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, Milan, Italy. [Graziano, Silvia; Sbriccoli, Marco; Cardone, Franco; Pocchiari, Maurizio; Ingrosso, Loredana] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Baron, Thierry] Agence Natl Securite Sanit, Lyon, France. [Richt, Juergen] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Andreoletti, Olivier] Ecole Natl Vet Toulouse, INRA, UMR Interact Hotes Agents Pathogenes 1225, F-31076 Toulouse 3, France. [Simmons, Marion; Lockey, Richard] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Dept Pathol & Host Susceptibil, Neuropathol Sect, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. RP Barron, RM (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Neuropathogenesis Div, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland. EM rona.barron@roslin.ed.ac.uk RI Barron, Rona/C-7703-2013; Simmons, Marion/C-2586-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; INGROSSO, LOREDANA/C-6487-2016; Cardone, Franco/D-1724-2009; OI Cardone, Franco/0000-0002-2376-0470; Barron, Rona/0000-0003-4512-9177 FU Food Standards Agency (FSA), UK [M03054]; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [SE1441]; 'NeuroPrion' from the European Union and from the Italian Ministry of Health [2004-506579]; 'Pathogenesis, Transmission and Detection of Zoonotic Prion Diseases' NIAID [PO1 AI077774-01]; Italian Ministry of Health: Ricerca Finalizzata [09F01] FX The authors would like to acknowledge I. McConnell, V. Thomson, S. Cumming, S. Carpenter, R. Greenan, K. Hogan, I. Itro, E. Laconi, M. Venditti, A. Valanzano, M. Bonanno and N. Bellizzi for experimental setup, care and scoring of the animals; A. Coghill, A. Boyle, S. Mack and G. McGregor for histology processing and scoring; I. Martino, D. Biondo and A. De Pascalis for Western blotting. We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for the CWD brain sample. All mouse experiments were reviewed and approved by the Local Ethical Review Committee and performed under licence from the UK Home Office in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and by the Service for Biotechnology and Animal Welfare of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, authorized by the Italian Ministry of Health according to Legislative Decree 116/12, which has implemented in Italy the European Directive 86/609/EEC on laboratory animals protection. This work was funded by the Food Standards Agency (FSA), UK, contract M03054; the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), contract SE1441; 'NeuroPrion' from the European Union and from the Italian Ministry of Health, contract 2004-506579; and 'Pathogenesis, Transmission and Detection of Zoonotic Prion Diseases', contract NIAID PO1 AI077774-01. The authors declare that this study was carried out under the following Research Project funded by the Italian Ministry of Health: Ricerca Finalizzata 2009 - 09F01 'The novel emergence of atypical animal and human TSEs. A clinical, pathological, molecular, and experimental approach to define interspecies similarities and strain connections'. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 BP 1624 EP 1629 DI 10.1099/vir.0.042507-0 PN 7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 973GT UT WOS:000306348900025 PM 22495232 ER PT J AU Oleas, NH Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J AF Oleas, Nora H. Meerow, Alan W. Francisco-Ortega, Javier TI Population Dynamics of the Endangered Plant, Phaedranassa tunguraguae, from the Tropical Andean Hotspot SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Amaryllidaceae; conservation; endangered species; microsatellite DNA; Phaedranassa; population diversity ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; FRAGMENTED POPULATIONS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; NULL ALLELES; DIFFERENTIATION; SOFTWARE; SIZE AB The Tropical Andes is a diversity hotspot for plants, but there is a scant knowledge about patterns of genetic variation within its constituent species. Phaedranassa tunguraguae is an IUCN endangered plant species endemic to a single valley in the Ecuadorian Andes. We estimate the levels of genetic differentiation across the geographic distribution of P. tunguraguae using 12 microsatellite loci. We discuss factors that might influence the genetic structure of this species. Genetic distance was used to evaluate relationship among populations and geographic patterns. Bayesian methods were used to investigate population structure, migration, evidence of recent bottlenecks, and time of divergence. The 7 populations form 2 genetic clusters. These clusters show highly significant differentiation between them, along with isolation by distance. Allele richness decreases from the most diverse westernmost population to the least diverse easternmost population. The species overall shows an excess of homozygotes, with highest levels of inbreeding in the easternmost population. We found evidence of recent bottleneck events. Migration rates were in general low but were higher between populations within each of the clusters. Time of divergence between populations was related to historical volcanic activity in the area. Based on our results, we propose 2 management units for P. tunguraguae. C1 [Meerow, Alan W.] USDA ARS SHRS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL USA. [Oleas, Nora H.; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Oleas, Nora H.; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL USA. [Oleas, Nora H.] Univ Tecnol Indoamer, Dept Ingn Ind, Quito, Ecuador. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS SHRS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov RI Oleas, Nora/D-3869-2013; OI Oleas, Nora/0000-0002-1948-4119 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0129179] FX National Science Foundation (DEB 0129179 to A.W.M.). NR 97 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 103 IS 4 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1093/jhered/ess020 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 973NN UT WOS:000306367000009 PM 22563126 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Liu, KS Memon, AA AF Luthria, Devanand L. Liu, Keshun Memon, Ayaz A. TI Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Capacity of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as Compared with Corn SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS); Commercial ethanol processing plants; Corn; Phenolic acids; HPLC-DAD-MS; Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay ID PETROSELINUM-CRISPUM FLAKES; SAMPLE PREPARATION; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION; PREVENTION; PLANTS; FLAVONOIDS; PRODUCTS; PROTEINS; PROFILE AB Three sets of ground corn and the corresponding distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were collected from three commercial plants and analyzed for individual phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of processing on phenolic acids content and antioxidant capacity of corn and the corresponding processed DDGS samples. The five phenolic acids identified in corn and DDGS were vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Ferulic and p-coumaric acids accounted for about 80% of the total identified and quantified phenolic acids. The phenolic acids profile of DDGS was comparable to that of corn. The content of total phenolic acids per gram basis, in DDGS was 3.40 fold higher and antioxidant capacity was 2.58 fold more than that of corn. These observations suggest that there was little degradation in individual phenolic acids content during dry grind processing. Furthermore, significant variation in measured individual and total phenolic acids, and antioxidant capacity among processing plants existed for both corn and DDGS. Results from this study will be valuable to bioethanol manufacturers and the feed industry. C1 [Luthria, Devanand L.; Memon, Ayaz A.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, Keshun] ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Memon, Ayaz A.] Univ Sindh, Natl Ctr Excellence Analyt Chem, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dave.Luthria@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 89 IS 7 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2025-y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972PB UT WOS:000306287900015 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY AF Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Omega-Functionalized Fatty Acids, Alcohols, and Ethers via Olefin Metathesis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Fats and oils; Co-products (waste) < biobased products; Polymers/coatings < biobased products ID CROSS-METATHESIS; METHYL OLEATE; SOPHOROLIPIDS; ESTERS; SYSTEM AB Methyl 17-hydroxy stearate was converted to methyl octadec-16-enoate using copper sulfate adsorbed on silica gel. This compound served as a useful substrate for the olefin metathesis reaction. As a result, several fatty acids with novel functional groups at the omega-end were prepared: a glyceryl ether attached at the 18-carbon, an aromatic fatty acid from eugenol, and a ferrocenyl fatty acid. By employing the unsaturated fatty alcohol, other groups were introduced, namely the terminal fluoride, bromide, and iodide were prepared, as was a thiol derivative. The penultimate and omega olefins reported here should serve as building blocks that allow fatty acids to make a greater contribution to a range of emerging technological areas. C1 [Zerkowski, Jonathan A.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jonathan.zerkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 89 IS 7 BP 1325 EP 1332 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2015-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972PB UT WOS:000306287900018 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Chase, CCL AF Ridpath, Julia F. Neill, John D. Chase, Christopher C. L. TI IMPACT OF BVDV INFECTION OF WHITE-TAILED DEER DURING SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE BVDV; pregnancy; reproductive disease; white-tailed deer ID VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; MULE DEER; PERSISTENT; DISEASE; STRAIN; FAWNS AB While it has been demonstrated that persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections can be established in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) following in utero exposure in the first trimester of gestation, there is little to no information regarding the outcome of infection in later stages of pregnancy in deer. Our goal was to observe the impact of infection of white-tailed deer in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Five white-tailed deer in the second trimester of pregnancy and four in the third trimester were infected with a BVDV type 2 virus previously isolated from a BVDV-infected deer harvested from the wild. Infection of deer in the second trimester of pregnancy resulted in loss of the pregnancy in three of five deer. Fawns born to the two remaining deer appeared normal and were born BVDV antigen negative with neutralizing serum antibodies against BVDV. Infection of does in the third trimester of pregnancy did not result in fetal death or persistent infection and all does gave birth to live, healthy fawns that were BVDV antigen-negative and born with antibodies against BVDV. These results, combined with those previously reported regarding BVDV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy, suggest that the impact of BVDV infection of pregnant white-tailed deer is very similar to that observed in pregnant cattle. C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Chase, Christopher C. L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Anim Dis Res & Diagnost Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI [SD00G255-08] FX We thank Patricia Federico and Kathryn Fulk for technical support and Jeremy Spieker, Brian Conrad, and Rebecca Jepsen for providing animal husbandry. This research was supported in part by an USDA-NRI Grant SD00G255-08. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 758 EP 762 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 972GF UT WOS:000306264600025 PM 22740542 ER PT J AU Yang, J Ding, MZ Li, BZ Liu, ZL Wang, X Yuan, YJ AF Yang, Jie Ding, Ming-Zhu Li, Bing-Zhi Liu, Z. Lewis Wang, Xin Yuan, Ying-Jin TI Integrated Phospholipidomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Enhanced Tolerance to a Mixture of Acetic Acid, Furfural, and Phenol SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE COMPOSITION; ETHANOL TOLERANCE; INTRACELLULAR PH; YEAST; FERMENTATION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; RESPONSES; REVEALS; INHIBITORS; CURVATURE AB A mixture of acetic acid, furfural, and phenol (AFP), three representative lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, significantly inhibited the growth and bioethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to uncover the mechanisms behind the enhanced tolerance of an inhibitor-tolerant S. cerevisiae strain (T), we measured the plasma membrane properties, which significantly influence cellular adaptation to inhibitors, of T strain and its parental strain (P) with and without AFP treatment. We integrated data obtained from multi-statistics-assisted phospholipidomics and parallel transcriptomics by using LC-tandem MS and microarray analysis. With the AFP treatment, the transcriptional changes of fatty acid metabolic genes showed a strong correlation with the increase of fatty-acyl-chain length of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). This suggests a possible compensatory mechanism to cope with the increase of plasma membrane permeability and fluidity in both strains. Moreover, the absence of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species from the most variable phospholipid species group was a discriminative feature of the T strain. This resulted from the decrease of CHO1 and increase of CHO2 levels of the T strain upon AFP treatment. These novel findings reveal that the coordinated transcription and phospholipid composition changes contribute to the increased robustness of the T strain and highlight potential metabolic engineering targets for mutants with higher tolerance. C1 [Yang, Jie; Ding, Ming-Zhu; Li, Bing-Zhi; Wang, Xin; Yuan, Ying-Jin] Tianjin Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Dept Pharmaceut Engn, Key Lab Syst Bioengn,Minist Educ, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Liu, Z. Lewis] USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Yuan, YJ (reprint author), Tianjin Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Dept Pharmaceut Engn, Key Lab Syst Bioengn,Minist Educ, POB 6888, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. EM yjyuan@tju.edu.cn RI Li, Bing-Zhi/I-6107-2013 OI Li, Bing-Zhi/0000-0003-4121-3048 FU National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) [2011CBA00802]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21020102040] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program: 2011CBA00802), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Major International Joint Research Project: 21020102040). We also thank Amanda L. Smith (University of Washington, Department of Chemical Engineering) for English editing. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 EI 1557-8100 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 374 EP 386 DI 10.1089/omi.2011.0127 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 973ND UT WOS:000306365900002 PM 22734833 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ AF Peterson, Chris J. TI Longevity of a mixture of acetamiprid and bifenthrin (TransportTM) at the termiticidal application rate SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil; termiticidal activity; termites; acetamiprid; bifenthrin ID NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA; BIOAVAILABILITY; THIAMETHOXAM; DEGRADATION; TERMITES; TOXICITY AB BACKGROUND: The 30 month longevity, mobility and insecticidal activity of a combination of acetamiprid and bifenthrin currently marketed in the United States for the prevention of termite infestation in buildings was investigated in greenhouse and laboratory studies. RESULTS: Acetamiprid dissipated to below the limit of detection within 7 months of application, while bifenthrin remained in the soil at levels sufficient to kill termites for the duration of the study. Acetamiprid was detected in decreasing amounts in eluates of treated soil from months 1 to 4, while no bifenthrin was detected in eluates at any time. The treated soil remained toxic to termites for the 30 month duration of the study. Two indices of synergy between technical-grade acetamiprid and bifenthrin demonstrated that it is unlikely that there would be any synergism between the two active ingredients in the field. The presence of vegetation did not have a significant effect on the longevity of bifenthrin, except at intermediate times, where residues in the treated soil were higher in vegetated plots, depending on depth and time. CONCLUSIONS: Acetamiprid has a short residual time in soil, and this formulation's effectiveness beyond about 7 months against subterranean termites is due to the bifenthrin content. Copyright (c) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Insects Dis & Invas Plants Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Peterson, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Insects Dis & Invas Plants Unit, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1002/ps.3261 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 956DT UT WOS:000305070800008 PM 22371389 ER PT J AU Burke, JL Hanula, JL Horn, S Audley, JP Gandhi, KJK AF Burke, Jordan L. Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott Audley, Jackson P. Gandhi, Kamal J. K. TI Efficacy of two insecticides for protecting loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) from subcortical beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae and Cerambycidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; bifenthrin; carbaryl; insecticides; loblolly pine; woodboring beetles ID BARK BEETLES; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; UNITED-STATES; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE; NORTH-AMERICA; ATTACK; CARBARYL; WESTERN; SCOLYTIDAE AB BACKGROUND: Tests were conducted on two insecticides (carbaryl and bifenthrin) for excluding subcortical beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae and Cerambycidae) from loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.). Two trap designs (single- and double-pane windows) and two trapping heights (1.5 and 4 m) were also evaluated for maximizing beetle catches. RESULTS: In July 2009, 15 loblolly pine trees were double girdled and were either left unsprayed or sprayed with carbaryl or bifenthrin. A total of 28 473 bark beetles were caught in window traps, including Ips avulsus Eichoff, I. grandicollis (Eichhoff), I. calligraphus (Germar) and Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier). Both insecticides significantly reduced colonization of the trees by bark and woodboring beetles by 300-400%, with no differences in efficacy observed between the two insecticides. About 59% more I. avulsus were caught in double- than in single-pane window traps, with no differences for any other species. Traps at 4 m caught more I. avulsus and I. grandicollis (290 and 153% respectively), while traps at 1.5 m caught more D. terebrans (215%). CONCLUSIONS: Either bifenthrin or carbaryl can be used to exclude subcortical beetles from loblolly pine trees. Trapping data reflect known vertical partitioning on the bole by these insects. Double-pane traps were slightly more effective than single-pane traps in catching subcortical beetles. Copyright (c) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Burke, Jordan L.; Audley, Jackson P.; Gandhi, Kamal J. K.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Burke, JL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Forest Sci Ctr, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM jordan.lewis.burke@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station; Daniel B Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens FX Thanks to Mike Cody (USDA Forest Service, Athens) for assisting with the application of insecticides and the girdling of trees, and to Daniel Miller (USDA Forest Service, Athens) for providing baits. Brittany Barnes, Kayla Brownell, Michael Hunter, Lee Ogden, Jenny Staeben and Dale Porterfield (University of Georgia) provided critical field and laboratory assistance. The authors are grateful for the funding provided by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and by the Daniel B Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1048 EP 1052 DI 10.1002/ps.3266 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 956DT UT WOS:000305070800012 PM 22359265 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Suarez, DL AF Goldberg, Sabine Suarez, Donald L. TI Role of Organic Matter on Boron Adsorption-Desorption Hysteresis of Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Extractable B; B release; Langmuir adsorption isotherm ID WATER SOLUBLE BORON; HUMIC-ACID; SORPTION; FIXATION; ONTARIO; RELEASE AB In this study, we evaluated the boron (B) adsorption-desorption reaction of six soils and examined the extent to which organic matter content, as well as incubation time, affected B release. Six soils varying in initial pH, clay content, and organic matter content were selected for the study. Adsorption experiments were carried out to determine B adsorption isotherms using 0.01 M NaCl solutions containing 0 to 100 mg B kg(-1). The soils were equilibrated for 23 h. Boron desorption was investigated after replacing aliquots with B-free 0.01 M NaCl solution three times. Three of the soils were also spiked with 0 to 100 mg B kg(-1) and equilibrated for up to 23 months at field capacity water content in a temperature-controlled room at 25 degrees C. At various intervals, sub-samples were extracted with DTPA-sorbitol, boiling water, and 0.1 M NaCl. The B adsorption-desorption behavior of all six soils was found to be nonhysteretic in the short-term experiment, regardless of organic matter content. Apparent hysteresis of B adsorption can result from difficulties in the experimental procedure itself. Some B adsorption hysteresis was found for two soils with all three extractants after long-term equilibrations of 1 to 23 months. Our results do not support the hypothesis that B desorption hysteresis increases in soils with increasing organic matter content. C1 [Goldberg, Sabine; Suarez, Donald L.] USDA, ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W,Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sabine.goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 177 IS 7 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318256bc0c PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 970FW UT WOS:000306114500001 ER PT J AU Nouwakpo, SK Huang, CH AF Nouwakpo, Sajyro Kossi Huang, Chi-hua TI A Fluidized Bed Technique for Estimating Soil Critical Shear Stress SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL HYDRAULIC-GRADIENT; SEAL FORMATION; EROSION; ERODIBILITY; REGIMES; WATER AB Soil erosion models, depending on how they are formulated, always have erodibility parameters in the erosion equations. For a process-based model like the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, the erodibility parameters include rill and interrill erodibility and critical shear stress (tau(cr)). These erodibility parameters are commonly determined from rainfall and runoff experiments. Recent developments in soil erosion research suggest that these experimentally determined parameters are affected by field conditions prevailing during the measurement and therefore are not inherent to the soil. The quest for fast and accurate alternatives to rainfall and runoff experiments for estimating soil erodibility parameters is an active research area. In this study, the fluidized bed technique for intrinsic soil cohesion measurement was improved and tested on four soils with various intrinsic soil properties, along with two low-cohesion materials, sand and glass beads. A strong correlation (R-2 = 0.82) was found between cohesion per unit length C-0 and published tau(cr) values. In addition, when the C-0 values were multiplied by a submillimeter dimension equivalent to a hypothetical layer removed at the onset of erosion, the range of stress that was yielded overlapped that of the published tau(cr) values. This method is a simple alternative to rainfall-runoff experiments, with the added advantage of being independent of extrinsic factors. C1 [Nouwakpo, Sajyro Kossi] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Huang, Chi-hua] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nouwakpo, SK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM snouwakp@purdue.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1192 EP 1196 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0056 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900007 ER PT J AU Nouwakpo, SK Huang, CH AF Nouwakpo, Sayjro Kossi Huang, Chi-hua TI The Role of Subsurface Hydrology in Soil Erosion and Channel Network Development on a Laboratory Hillslope SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RANGE DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; RILL; SEEPAGE; MODEL; THRESHOLDS; INITIATION; STABILITY; SYSTEM AB Ephemeral gully erosion is currently considered one of the dominant sources of soil loss from the agricultural landscape. It is assumed to be the result of surface flow concentration with hydraulic properties exceeding a given threshold for channel initiation. In this paper, we devised a laboratory experiment to show how subsurface hydrology impacts channel network development and soil loss. A series of rainfall+run-on experiments were conducted on a 9.75-m by 3.66-m laboratory hillslope set under drainage or oversaturation (seepage) condition. Soil loss was monitored by collecting runoff samples and by digitizing the soil surface at regular time intervals using digital photogrammetry. We found that the seepage condition produced erosion rates 2.1 times as high as those measured under drainage condition for a high rainfall+run-on intensity (6.8x10 (4) m(3) s(-1)) and 1.6 times as high for a low intensity (3.4x10(-4) m(3) s(-1)). After 1.2 m(3) of runoff the soil under seepage condition lost on average 1.9 times more soil than the one under drainage condition. Digital photogrammetry performed well at quantifying elevation changes due to channel network development and suggested that channel erosion rates were doubled for the seepage condition. We also found an effect of rainfall+run-on intensity on interrill sediment load, supporting a previously proposed model for interrill erosion relating sediment load to rainfall intensity and to the square root of runoff rate. Finally, elevation change patterns observed during each rainfall+run-on event were found to be more consistent with the simultaneous erosion deposition theory as opposed to the sediment transport capacity concept as a sediment transport mechanism. This study demonstrated that subsurface hydrology might be a controlling factor in the rate of development of ephemeral gullies. C1 [Nouwakpo, Sayjro Kossi] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Huang, Chi-hua] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nouwakpo, SK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM snouwakp@purdue.edu NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1197 EP 1211 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0013 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900008 ER PT J AU Stewart, CE Follett, RF Wallace, J Pruessner, EG AF Stewart, Catherine E. Follett, Ronald F. Wallace, James Pruessner, Elizabeth G. TI Impact of Biosolids and Tillage on Soil Organic Matter Fractions: Implications of Carbon Saturation for Conservation Management in the Virginia Coastal Plain SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POOL DYNAMICS; SEQUESTRATION; AGGREGATION; CULTIVATION; CLAY; CO2; PHOSPHORUS; TEMPERATE; EMISSIONS; TURNOVER AB In the Virginia Coastal Plain, growers have practiced rotational no-tillage (RT) and continuous no-tillage (NT) for more than 30 yr to reduce runoff and improve soil quality. We sampled 48 grower's fields representing three soil series varying in texture and managed under RT and NT. Half the fields received biosolids (S) application in 2001. We evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, C distribution, and potential saturation limits in particulate organic matter (POM) and silt+clay (<53 mu m) fractions in three soil series with different silt+clay protective capacities. Across the three soil series, NT increased SOC stocks compared to RT (33.2 +/- 1.8 vs. 28.3 +/- 0.9 Mg C ha(-1)) and S compared to no biosolids application (33.1 +/- 1.8 vs. 28.4 +/- 1.1 Mg C ha(-1)) for the 0- to 20-cm depth. Tillage and biosolids effects on SOM fractions were only significant for POM and showed no evidence of C saturation with statistical modeling. Silt+clay-associated C showed no tillage or S effects and in one soil were better fit with a C saturation compared to a linear model, indicating saturating dynamics. In two soils, measured silt+clay C content was significantly greater than the calculated 1: 1 and 2: 1 protective capacity, also suggesting silt+clay saturation. Since these soils are near or exceed their silt+clay protective capacity, additional C storage will primarily occur in aggregate and POM C pools that are sensitive to subsequent changes in management practice. Best management practices that decrease soil disturbance and increase C input are crucial to these agroecosystems where even single tillage events can cumulatively cause significant C loss. C1 [Stewart, Catherine E.; Follett, Ronald F.; Pruessner, Elizabeth G.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wallace, James] Colonial Soil & Water, Quinton, VA 23141 USA. RP Stewart, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Catherine.Stewart@ars.usda.gov OI Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 FU USDA-ARS-GRACEnet Project FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of participating Colonial Soil and Water Conservation District growers for their long-term field conservation management. Mark Alley, John Spargo, Paul Davis, and Brian Noyes provided expert knowledge and specific management details for these cropping systems. Ed Buenger provided technical assistance with C and N analyses and data management. Two anonymous reviewers and the editor provided many helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This work would not be possible without USDA-ARS technicians and students. Support for this research was provided by USDA-ARS-GRACEnet Project. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 43 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1257 EP 1267 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0165 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900014 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Weyers, SL Archer, DW Barbour, NW AF Johnson, Jane M. F. Weyers, Sharon L. Archer, David W. Barbour, Nancy W. TI Nitrous Oxide, Methane Emission, and Yield-Scaled Emission from Organically and Conventionally Managed Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; CORN-BELT; AGRONOMIC ASSESSMENT; MITIGATION OPTIONS; TILLAGE; FERTILIZER; ROTATION; FIELDS; FLUXES AB Empirical data on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission are needed for management systems from many regions of the United States to evaluate mitigation strategies. The primary objectives of this study were to assess and compare crop productivity, CH4 andN(2)O flux, and yield-scaled emissions between a conventionally and an organically managed system. All phases of a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)]-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa rotation were present each year. Both systems emitted about 4.2 kg N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1) including growing and nongrowing season emissions, which cumulatively represents 4.74 and 9.26% of 267 kg synthetic-N and 136 kg manure-N applied, respectively. The equivalent of 0.84% of the 78 kg urea-N and 0.76% of the 136 kg manure-N were emitted as N2O ha(-1) within 30-d of fertilizer application in the conventionally managed system and organically managed system, respectively. Following the application of starter fertilizer to the conventionally managed corn, the equivalent of 3.45% of the 11 kg starter N was emitted within 30 d. The largest spring-thaw N2O flux was measured in the conventionally managed system following alfalfa, which had been killed the previous fall. Yield-scaled N2O+CH4 emission (Mg CO2 equivalents Mg-1 yield) was 1.6- to 5-times greater in the organically managed system, which had lower yield but similar emission compared to the conventionally managed system. Thus, viability of organic systems to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission may be compromised when crop productivity is reduced. Study results highlight the importance of assessing emission and crop production when evaluating GHG mitigation strategies. C1 [Johnson, Jane M. F.; Weyers, Sharon L.; Barbour, Nancy W.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Archer, David W.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Jane.Johnson@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX Authors thank the following: reviewers for insightful suggestions; B. Burmeister for careful proofreading but take full responsibility for any errors; and C. Hennen, S. Larson, J. Eklund, and A. Wilts for their technical assistance in maintaining the plots and sample collection. This research was funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. It is part of the USDA-ARS-GRACEnet project. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 63 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1357 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0017 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900022 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Johnson, GL Schwartz, RC AF Baumhardt, R. L. Johnson, G. L. Schwartz, R. C. TI Residue and Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Effects on Simulated Rain Infiltration and Sediment Transport SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; SOIL-WATER STORAGE; GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; SYSTEMS; DRYLAND; NITROGEN; CARBON; CONSERVATION; EVAPORATION AB Increased precipitation storage as soil water is crucial to dryland production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on the semiarid southern Great Plains. At the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, TX, surface runoff from a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) is typically greater with no-till (NT) than stubble-mulch (SM) tillage under the 3-yr wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) dryland crop rotation. Our objective was to quantify the effects of NT or SM tillage with bare or retained residue on infiltration of simulated rain, sediment transport, and related aggregate stability for continuous wheat (CW) and WSF rotation plots established in 1983. Compared with bare soil, the retained wheat residue cover increased mean 60-min cumulative infiltration across all tillage and rotation combinations by >25 mm and decreased soil loss. Cumulative rain infiltration and total soil loss did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) with tillage, but the mean infiltration rate at 60 min was 15.0 mm h(-1) less for NT than SM. The CW rotation typically increased infiltration regardless of residue cover or tillage compared with the WSF rotation, which we attributed to greater aggregate stability. The greater aggregate stability for CW may have decreased soil loss compared with WSF, which was greatest for bare SM tilled sites. We conclude that residue cover significantly increases rain infiltration over bare soil conditions independent of any tillage or rotation treatment effects. Nevertheless, increased rain infiltration due to residue cover was not sustained in the absence of soil disturbance for NT. C1 [Baumhardt, R. L.; Johnson, G. L.; Schwartz, R. C.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM r.louis.baumhardt@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1370 EP 1378 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0331 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900024 ER PT J AU Hammerbeck, AL Stetson, SJ Osborne, SL Schumacher, TE Pikul, JL AF Hammerbeck, Amber L. Stetson, Sarah J. Osborne, Shannon L. Schumacher, Thomas E. Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. TI Corn Residue Removal Impact on Soil Aggregates in a No-Till Corn/Soybean Rotation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; STOVER REMOVAL; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; PARTICULATE; WHEAT; PHOSPHORUS AB Many questions have surfaced regarding short-and long-term impacts of corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal for use in the biofuels industry. To address these concerns, a field study was established in eastern South Dakota in 2000 using no-till soil management within a 2-yr corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of three residue removal treatments of low (corn harvested for grain; all residues remain on soil surface), medium (corn harvested for grain; residue raked, baled, and removed), and high (aboveground corn biomass and grain removed) on soil quality, measured through particulate organic matter (POM), soil organic matter (SOM), wet aggregate stability (WAS), and dry aggregate size distribution (DASD). Following four complete rotational cycles, when residue was removed from the soil surface there was a consistent decrease in the amount of SOM and all fractions of POM regardless of aggregate size class, indicating a possible decrease in soil quality. This was further indicated by the near doubling of the erodible fraction in the high removal treatment compared to the low removal treatment. Potential further degradation of the soil structure is indicated by a shift in DASD among the residue removal treatments. Within this study, removal of corn residue had a negative impact on the soil physical and chemical properties measured, potentially illustrating the importance of crop residue to maintain our soil resource. Additional research is needed to incorporate other soil chemical and biological indicators before recommendations can be made. C1 [Stetson, Sarah J.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Pikul, Joseph L., Jr.] ARS, USDA, NCARL, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Hammerbeck, Amber L.; Schumacher, Thomas E.] S Dakota State Univ, Plant Sci Dep, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Osborne, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCARL, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Shannon.Osborne@ars.usda.gov OI Stetson, Sarah/0000-0002-4930-4748 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 70 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1390 EP 1398 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0421 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900026 ER PT J AU Stetson, SJ Osborne, SL Schumacher, TE Eynard, A Chilom, G Rice, J Nichols, KA Pikul, JL AF Stetson, Sarah J. Osborne, Shannon L. Schumacher, Thomas E. Eynard, Anna Chilom, Gabriela Rice, James Nichols, Kristine A. Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. TI Corn Residue Removal Impact on Topsoil Organic Carbon in a Corn-Soybean Rotation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; SOIL AGGREGATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CROP RESIDUE; GREAT-PLAINS; COVER CROPS; GLOMALIN; MANAGEMENT AB Corn (Zea mays L.) residue is being considered as a feedstock for biofuels production. The impact of removing corn residue on soil productivity is not well understood. A corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation was established in 2000 to determine the effect of removing corn residue at three rates (37, 55, and 98%) on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the 0- to 5-cm layer of soil after 8 yr. The effect of cover crops {slender wheatgrass [Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv.] in corn and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. variety Morton) in soybeans} on SOC was also measured. As the rate of residue removal increased, soil organic matter (SOM), wet aggregate stability (WAS), C/N, and microbial activity decreased significantly. Although the effect was not significant, there was a decrease in SOC as the rate of removal increased. At the high residue removal rate, SOM analyzed by quantitative C-13 NMR contained an abundance of aromatic C structures, suggesting that less humified pools of soil C are not being replenished. The humin fraction of the soil had a reduction in SOC under the medium and high rates of residue removal without a cover crop and is likely beginning to be depleted. Bradford-reactive soil protein and immunoreactive soil protein were higher in soils with cover crops, likely due to increased plant diversity and extending the growing season to allocate more C belowground. Overall, the data suggest that the soil properties indicative of soil quality are negatively impacted by removal of corn residue. C1 [Stetson, Sarah J.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Pikul, Joseph L., Jr.] ARS, USDA, NCARL, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Schumacher, Thomas E.; Eynard, Anna] S Dakota State Univ, Plant Sci Dep, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chilom, Gabriela; Rice, James] S Dakota State Univ, Avera Hlth Sci Ctr 131, Dep Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Nichols, Kristine A.] ARS, USDA, NGPRL, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Osborne, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCARL, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Shannon.Osborne@ars.usda.gov OI Stetson, Sarah/0000-0002-4930-4748 NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 51 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1399 EP 1406 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0420 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900027 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Shortle, WC David, MB Smith, KT Warby, RAF Lapenis, AG AF Lawrence, Gregory B. Shortle, Walter C. David, Mark B. Smith, Kevin T. Warby, Richard A. F. Lapenis, Andrei G. TI Early Indications of Soil Recovery from Acidic Deposition in US Red Spruce Forests SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HUBBARD-BROOK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; CALCIUM ADDITION; WINTER INJURY; PICEA-RUBENS; CHEMISTRY AB Forty to fifty percent decreases in acidic deposition through the 1980s and 1990s led to partial recovery of acidified surface waters in the northeastern United States; however, the limited number of studies that have assessed soil change found increased soil acidification during this period. From existing data, it's not clear whether soils continued to worsen in the 1990s or if recovery had begun. To evaluate possible changes in soils through the 1990s, soils in six red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, first sampled in 1992 to 1993, were resampled in 2003 to 2004. The Oa-horizon pH increased (P < 0.01) at three sites, was marginally higher (P < 0.1) at one site, and lower (P < 0.05) at the New York site. Total C concentrations in Oa horizons decreased (P < 0.05) at sites where the pH increased, but the cause is uncertain. Exchangeable Al concentrations in Oa horizons decreased (P < 0.05) 20 to 40% at all sites except New York, which showed no change. The Al decrease can be attributed to decreased deposition of SO42-, which decreased the mobility of Al throughout the upper soil profile. Results indicate a nascent recovery driven largely by vegetation processes. C1 [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Shortle, Walter C.; Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [David, Mark B.] Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Warby, Richard A. F.] Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Lapenis, Andrei G.] SUNY Albany, Dep Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; USDA Forest Service FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and USDA Forest Service. Helpful comments on the manuscript were provided by Scott Bailey. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1407 EP 1417 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0415 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900028 ER PT J AU Jurgensen, M Tarpey, R Pickens, J Kolka, R Palik, B AF Jurgensen, Martin Tarpey, Rachel Pickens, Jim Kolka, Randy Palik, Brian TI Long-term Effect of Silvicultural Thinnings on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ABIES L. KARST.; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; NORWAY SPRUCE; FOREST FLOOR; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MIXED-CONIFER; SIERRA-NEVADA; LITTER FALL; BALSAM FIR AB The effects of long-term silvicultural thinning on soil C and N content are not well known. We evaluated the impact of periodic thinnings on soil C and N pools in a 134-yr-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest in Minnesota, and a 104 yr-old northern hardwood forest in Wisconsin. The red pine stands had five thinning regimes (13.8, 18.4, 22.7, 27.6, 32.1 m(2) ha(-1) residual basal area [BA]), which were cut five or seven times over 46 yr. The northern hardwood stands had three residual basal area treatments (13.8, 17.2, 20.6 m(2) ha(-1)) that were thinned five times over 50 yr. Our results showed that the heaviest-thinned (13.8 m(2) ha(-1)) and uncut control red pine stands had higher C and N contents in the mineral A horizon, as compared to the other four thinning treatments. Multiple thinning did not affect C and N pool size in the forest floor and surface mineral soil (30-cm depth) in either red pine or hardwood stands. Within stand BA variability was positively correlated to C and N pools in the forest floor of the lightly-thinned (32.1 m(2) ha(-1)) red pine treatment, but was negatively correlated to C and N pools in the A horizon. Our study and the literature indicate that stem-only removal for wildfire risk reduction and bio-energy production would have little impact on total soil C and N pools. However, more information is needed on the effects of whole-tree thinning regimes on soil C and nutrient contents. C1 [Jurgensen, Martin; Tarpey, Rachel; Pickens, Jim] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kolka, Randy; Palik, Brian] USFS, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Jurgensen, M (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mfjurgen@mtu.edu FU American Forest and Paper Association FX The following people are recognized for their help that made this research possible: John Elioff, Christel Kern, Joni Moore, Deborah Page-Dumroese, and Terry Strong. Special thanks to Kevin Grady, Luke Nave, and Inge Stupak for supplying additional information from their studies. This research was funded by the American Forest and Paper Association under Agenda 2020. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1418 EP 1425 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0257 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900029 ER PT J AU Wilson, MA Young, AV Knapp, BD Hoover, DR Swenson, HK AF Wilson, Michael A. Young, Allyson V. Knapp, Bruce D. Hoover, David R. Swenson, Hal K. TI Geochemistry of Alluvial Soils Composed of Metal-Enriched Sediments, Main Stem of the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; CONTAMINATED SOILS; OXIDE MINERALS; IRON; MANGANESE; NODULES; WETLAND; LAKE; SPECIATION; BASIN AB Metal-enriched sediments produced from Ag, Pb, and Zn mining have been alluvially deposited on riparian areas along the Coeur d'Alene River in northern Idaho. Ten pedons were sampled with the objective to assess the influence of soil pedogenesis on the vertical distribution of Fe, Mn, and trace elements through these sediments and into the underlying native alluvial materials. Depth of metal-enriched sediments varied from 20 to 104 cm. The pH was similar in both parent materials, ranging from 4.9 to 6.8. The metal-enriched sediments had a high concentration of Fe, Mn, and trace elements relative to horizons of native alluvium. Depth distribution of Fe, Mn, and ratios of Fe from selective dissolution as well as microscopic and macroscopic morphological expressions of redoximorphic features were evidence of pedogenic redistribution of elements. Results suggest that redistribution was largely driven by redox changes from seasonal flooding and high water tables, resulting in dissolution/precipitation of Fe-Mn hydrous oxides. Location of the highest concentration of elements varied with depth within the metal-enriched zone and was not apparently linked to a hydrologic discontinuity between parent materials. Initial deposition of hydrous oxides may be in the capillary fringe above the water table, but data suggests that once a zone of secondary Fe deposition was established, this cementation likely influenced soil hydrology. Subsequent deposition of hydrous oxides apparently continued at this pedogenic interface. Iron was present in various forms (crystalline and noncrystalline hydrous oxides, metal-organic complexes with humic substances) and these compounds function as sinks for trace elements. C1 [Wilson, Michael A.; Hoover, David R.] USDA NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Young, Allyson V.; Knapp, Bruce D.] USDA NRCS, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Swenson, Hal K.] USDA NRCS, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Wilson, MA (reprint author), USDA NRCS, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM mike.wilson@lin.usda.gov NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1477 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0442 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900034 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW Chase, CC Albano, J AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. Chase, Chad C. Albano, Joseph TI Absence of negative environmental effects of increased soil P levels in cattle congregation zones SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Total inorganic nitrogen; Phosphorus saturation; Landscape locations ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PHOSPHORUS SORPTION; SLOPE POSITION; CARBON; NITROGEN; PLANT; NUTRIENTS; FOREST; WATER; HETEROGENEITY AB Determining soil nutrient distribution in pasture with beef cattle operation is critical to identifying which area is at risk of nitrogen or phosphorus buildup and loading. Characterizing spatial variability of soil nutrients in relations to landscape location is important for understanding the effects of future land use change on soil nutrients and water pollution. We hypothesized that cattle congregation site may have higher concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen than in the pasture and grazing site or the adjoining forest site. This study assessed levels of Mehlich-1 extractable P, total inorganic N, and soil P saturation in relation to landscape locations in subtropical beef cattle pasture. Soil samples were collected during the spring and fall of 2005 to 2007 from three 19 adjoining landscape sites that are associated with beef cattle operation. These sites consisted of three locations: congregation, grazing, and forest sites. The levels of extractable P, total inorganic N, and P saturation in soils varied with landscape location. Congregation site had the highest concentration of extractable P of 36.1 mg kg(-1), followed by grazing site of 17.7 mg kg(-1), and forest site of 8.2 mg kg(-1). Spatial distribution of total inorganic nitrogen across the landscape was higher for congregation site (2.3 mg kg(-1)) than forest site (0.9 mg kg(-1)) and grazing site (0.7 mg kg(-1)). The overall spatial distribution of extractable P from congregation site to forest site can be described by P = -4.2x + 45.8; (R-2 = 0.97**); the best-fit models for total inorganic N was 0.04x(2) - 0.6x + 3.5; (R-2 = 0.89**) and for soil P saturation was -3.6x + 36.2; (R-2 = 0.92**). Results show that the levels of extractable P, total inorganic nitrogen, and soil phosphorus saturation were decreasing from the congregation site to forest site. Although our results may have had supported our hypothesis that congregation site typical on Florida ranchers have greater concentrations of extractable P than in grazing site and forest site, the average extractable P at all three landscape locations did not exceed the crop requirement threshold of 36 mg kg(-1) and the water quality protection threshold of 150 mg kg(-1). Our current pasture management including cattle rotation in terms of grazing days and current fertilizer application had thus no negative environmental impact on landscape with cow-calf operation. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.; Coleman, Samuel W.; Chase, Chad C.] ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Albano, Joseph] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1007/s13593-011-0066-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 969NG UT WOS:000306061800009 ER PT J AU Wang, QR Li, YC Klassen, W Alva, A AF Wang, Qingren Li, Yuncong Klassen, Waldemar Alva, Ashok TI High retention of N P nutrients, soil organic carbon, and fine particles by cover crops under tropical climate SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Cover crop; Nutrient leaching; Soil conservation; Soil particle; Legume ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CATCH CROP; CORN; TILLAGE; PHOSPHORUS; AMENDMENTS; FRACTIONS; STEMFLOW; MATTER; WATER AB Soil and water conservation is a major challenge for the development of sustainable agriculture. Leaching and runoff of soil nutrients and fine particles negatively impact soil fertility, soil quality, and contribute to surface water eutrophication and sediment accumulation. Such issues are especially critical in a tropical or subtropical region, such as in south Florida with high rainfall and shallow aquifer. So far, little is known about soil particle and nutrient retention by cover cropping under contrasting rainfall intensity. Here, a pot experiment was conducted with four cover crops and two simulated rainfall rates, a low rate of 5.8 mm day(-1) and a high rate of 11.6 mm day(-1), to study the transport of N, P, and fine soil particles down the soil profile. The cover crops were sunn hemp, velvetbean, cowpea, and sorghum sudangrass in contrast to weedy fallow as a control. Results show that under low rainfall rate, total N in leachates of 0.5-1.9 kg ha(-1) for cover crops was much lower than 10.2 kg ha(-1) for fallow. Under high rainfall rate, total N in leachates ranged from 3.4 to 16.1 kg ha(-1) for cover crops and 8.8 kg ha(-1) for fallow. Cover cropping with sunn hemp was the most effective at retaining soil nutrients because of its large plant biomass production. Indeed sunn hemp biomass accumulated 376 and 247 kg N ha(-1) and 27 and 22 kg Pha(-1) under high and low rainfall rates. We also found that soil organic carbon associated with fine soil particles in the root zone under sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass was 5-7% greater than soil organic carbon in fallow. This study demonstrates that growing sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass cover crops can conserve soil fine particles and nutrients against leaching and reduce adverse impacts on surface water. C1 [Wang, Qingren; Li, Yuncong; Klassen, Waldemar] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Wang, Qingren; Li, Yuncong; Klassen, Waldemar] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Alva, Ashok] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Wang, QR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW 280 ST, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM qrwang@ufl.edu FU Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; Florida Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-ARS FX The research was supported by Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, and by a cooperative agreement with the USDA-ARS. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 53 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 781 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s13593-011-0054-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 969NG UT WOS:000306061800018 ER PT J AU Severino, LS Auld, DL Baldanzi, M Candido, MJD Chen, G Crosby, W Tan, D He, XH Lakshmamma, P Lavanya, C Machado, OLT Mielke, T Milani, M Miller, TD Morris, JB Morse, SA Navas, AA Soares, DJ Sofiatti, V Wang, ML Zanotto, MD Zieler, H AF Severino, Liv S. Auld, Dick L. Baldanzi, Marco Candido, Magno J. D. Chen, Grace Crosby, William Tan, D. He, Xiaohua Lakshmamma, P. Lavanya, C. Machado, Olga L. T. Mielke, Thomas Milani, Maira Miller, Travis D. Morris, J. B. Morse, Stephen A. Navas, Alejandro A. Soares, Dartanha J. Sofiatti, Valdinei Wang, Ming L. Zanotto, Mauricio D. Zieler, Helge TI A Review on the Challenges for Increased Production of Castor SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID RICINUS-COMMUNIS L.; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; DO-SUL STATE; ALBUMIN STORAGE PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BEAN CULTIVAR IRIS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; 2S ALBUMIN; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION AB Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the oldest cultivated crops, but currently it represents only 0.15% of the vegetable oil produced in the world. Castor oil is of continuing importance to the global specialty chemical industry because it is the only commercial source of a hydroxylated fatty acid. Castor also has tremendous future potential as an industrial oilseed crop because of its high seed oil content (more than 480 g kg(-1)), unique fatty acid composition (900 g kg(-1) of ricinoleic acid), potentially high oil yields (1250-2500 L ha(-1)), and ability to be grown under drought and saline conditions. The scientific literature on castor has been generated by a relatively small global community of researchers over the past century. Much of this work was published in dozens of languages in journals that are not easily accessible to the scientific community. This review was conducted to provide a compilation of the most relevant historic research information and define the tremendous future potential of castor. The article was prepared by a group of 22 scientists from 16 institutions and eight countries. Topics discussed in this review include: (i) germplasm, genetics, breeding, biotic stresses, genome sequencing, and biotechnology; (ii) agronomic production practices, diseases, and abiotic stresses; (iii) management and reduction of toxins for the use of castor meal as both an animal feed and an organic fertilizer; (iv) future industrial uses of castor including renewable fuels; (v) world production, consumption, and prices; and (vi) potential and challenges for increased castor production. C1 [Severino, Liv S.; Milani, Maira; Soares, Dartanha J.; Sofiatti, Valdinei] Embrapa Algodao, BR-58428095 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. [Auld, Dick L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Candido, Magno J. D.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dep Zootecnia, BR-60021970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Baldanzi, Marco] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Chen, Grace; He, Xiaohua] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Crosby, William] Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Tan, D.] Zibo Acad Agr Sci, Zibo, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Lakshmamma, P.; Lavanya, C.] Directorate Oilseed Res, Hyderabad 500030, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Machado, Olga L. T.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, BR-28013600 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Mielke, Thomas] Oil World, Hamburg, Germany. [Miller, Travis D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Morris, J. B.; Wang, Ming L.] ARS, USDA, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zanotto, Mauricio D.] Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Navas, Alejandro A.] Corpo La Selva, Rio Negro, Antioquia, Colombia. [Zieler, Helge] Synthet Genom Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Severino, LS (reprint author), Embrapa Algodao, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 1143, BR-58428095 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. EM liv@cnpa.embrapa.br RI Milani, Maira/F-9244-2012; Severino, Liv/A-4431-2013; Machado, Olga/G-7461-2012; Candido, Magno /E-2995-2013; Soares, Dartanha/E-3382-2014 OI Severino, Liv/0000-0001-6956-7345; Soares, Dartanha/0000-0002-9415-9316 FU Evogene Ltd.; ACME-HARDESTY Oleochemicals FX To Evogene Ltd. and ACME-HARDESTY Oleochemicals for the support for this publication. To the University Writing Center of Texas Tech University for the English revision. NR 416 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 10 U2 81 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 853 EP 880 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0210 PG 28 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800002 ER PT J AU Krueger, ES Ochsner, TE Baker, JM Porter, PM Reicosky, DC AF Krueger, Erik S. Ochsner, Tyson E. Baker, John M. Porter, Paul M. Reicosky, Don C. TI Rye-Corn Silage Double-Cropping Reduces Corn Yield but Improves Environmental Impacts SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COVER CROP; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; ORGANIC-CARBON; FORAGE YIELD; DRY-MATTER; MANURE; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; NITRATE AB Recent proliferation of large dairies has prompted concern regarding environmental impacts of associated corn silage production and high-rate manure application. Our objectives were to compare environmental impacts and forage production of monocrop corn (Zea mays L.) silage and rye (Secale cereal L.)-corn silage double-crop systems with multiple corn planting dates and high-rate manure application near Morris, MN. From 2007 to 2009, corn for silage was seeded into a silt loam as a monocrop in early and mid-May and as a double-crop aft er rye in mid-May and early June. Manure was fall applied annually at average total N and P rates of 393 and 109 kg ha(-1), respectively. Double-cropping reduced total forage dry matter (DM) yield 2 of 3 yr and reduced corn DM yield 15 to 25%. Soil NO3-N to 90 cm accumulated at an average rate of 71 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) with monocropping, but accumulation was not observed with double-cropping. Soil organic C concentration from 0 to 5 cm increased in the monocrop (18%) and double-crop (26%) systems over 3 yr. Average soil solution NO3-N concentration was high with monocropping (52 mg L-1) and double-cropping (37 mg L-1), but estimated leaching load averaged only 8 kg ha-1 yr-1. Fall and spring ground cover was oft en less than 10% with monocropping but was usually greater than 30% with double-cropping. The primary environmental concerns identified for monocrop corn silage were soil NO3-N buildup and inadequate ground cover. Double-cropping addressed each concern but oft en decreased forage production. C1 [Ochsner, Tyson E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Krueger, Erik S.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Porter, Paul M.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.] ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reicosky, Don C.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conserv Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, 368 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tyson.ochsner@okstate.edu FU USDA-ARS through the St. Paul, MN; Morris, MN; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors thank George Nelson, WCROC, Morris, MN, for his expert assistance with plot management. We also thank Chris Wente, USDA-ARS, Morris, MN; and Todd Schumacher, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN for their assistance in all aspects of data collection for this study. We thank Jeff Coulter for his assistance with the statistical analyses. Funding was provided by USDA-ARS through the St. Paul, MN, and Morris, MN, locations and by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 888 EP 896 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0341 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800004 ER PT J AU Read, JJ AF Read, John J. TI Spring Nitrogen Fertilization of Ryegrass-Bermudagrass for Phytoremediation of Phosphorus-Enriched Soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROILER LITTER; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; HISTORY; MANURE AB Because annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) exhibits increases in herbage P with increasing soil P, biomass response to N should influence phytoremediation of P-enriched soils. Field plot (each 2 by 5 m) studies were conducted to determine the effect of six N schemes that provided 112 or 168 kg N ha(-1) on uptake of P and soil test P (STP, 0-15-cm depth) of double-cropped bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.)] and ryegrass. Bermudagrass was previously fertilized with 9 and 18 Mg broiler litter ha(-1) in 2004-2007, no litter was applied aft er 2007. At past litter rate of 9 Mg ha(-1), total uptake of P averaged 48.5 kg ha(-1) in 2008 and 51.7 kg ha(-1) in 2009. Based on initial STP levels in 2007, results in 2009 indicated STP levels decreased by approximately 50 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), with reductions of 44% at 9 Mg litter ha(-1) (104-58 mg kg(-1)) and 38% at 18 Mg litter ha(-1) (173-108 mg kg(-1)). Averaged across years and litter rates, uptake of P in ryegrass was greater at 168 than 112 kg N ha(-1) (35.4 vs. 29.4 kg ha(-1), P < 0.01) and ranged from 35.8 kg ha(-1) in scheme N5 to 26.7 kg ha(-1) in scheme N1. Schemes N5 and N6, with a total rate of 168 kg N ha(-1) in March and May, stimulated uptake of P in ryegrass and ryegrass-bermudagrass, but STP levels in 2009 were not lower than a single application of 112 kg N ha(-1) in January and March. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Read, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM john.read@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 908 EP 916 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0385 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800006 ER PT J AU Wiggans, DR Singer, JW Moore, KJ Lamkey, KR AF Wiggans, Dustin R. Singer, Jeremy W. Moore, Kenneth J. Lamkey, Kendall R. TI Response of Continuous Maize with Stover Removal to Living Mulches SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CORN PRODUCTION; COVER CROPS; KURA CLOVER; YIELD; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; GROWTH; GRAIN; SOIL AB Constraints to maize (Zea mays L.) stover biomass harvest may be mitigated by using a living mulch (LM) to off set C exports and control soil erosion. Living mulches can compete with the main crop for resources. The objective of this research was to quantify competitive effects of LM management systems grown in continuous maize with stover removal. Maize was planted into creeping red fescue (CF) (Festuca rubra L.), Kentucky bluegrass (KB) (Poa pratensis L.), and a mixture of CF and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (MX) LMs in 2008, 2009, and 2010 near Ames, IA. Management treatments were fall strip-tillage (ST) and no-tillage (NT), with either a pre-planting paraquat burn-down followed by two glyphosate bands (PQ) or glyphosate bands only (GLY). Kentucky bluegrass PQ ST produced similar grain yields (11,230 kg ha(-1)) all 3 yr as the no LM control (11,810 kg ha(-1)) with a harvest index (HI) of 0.55 compared to 0.52 in the control, averaged across years. The control produced greater stover dry matter (SDM) (10,110 kg ha(-1)) 2 of the 3 yr compared to KB PQ ST (8600 kg ha(-1)). Total groundcover averaged 80% in KB PQ ST compared to only 45% in the no LM control. These results indicate that a combination of herbicide suppression and ST suppresses LMs adequately to maintain competitive maize grain yields. Additional research under varying climatic conditions will further quantify the risk of LM management systems to increase the sustainable stover harvest of maize biomass feedstocks. C1 [Wiggans, Dustin R.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Monsanto Corp, Ames, IA USA. [Singer, Jeremy W.] ARS, BASF Plant Sci, USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. EM jeremy.singer@basf.com RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 917 EP 925 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0395 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800007 ER PT J AU Yost, MA Coulter, JA Russelle, MP Sheaffer, CC Kaiser, DE AF Yost, Matt A. Coulter, Jeffrey A. Russelle, Michael P. Sheaffer, Craig C. Kaiser, Daniel E. TI Alfalfa Nitrogen Credit to First-Year Corn: Potassium, Regrowth, and Tillage Timing Effects SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-NITROGEN; YIELD RESPONSE; STALK NITRATE; CROP-ROTATION; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; MANURE; TESTS; RECOMMENDATIONS; GRASS AB Compared with corn (Zea mays L.) following corn, N guidelines for first-year corn following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the U.S. Corn Belt suggest that N rates can be reduced by about 168 kg N ha(-1) when >= 43 or 53 alfalfa plants m(-2) are present at termination. These guidelines have been questioned by practitioners, however, as corn grain yields have increased. We conducted experiments at 16 locations in Minnesota to address questions regarding N availability to first-year corn aft er alfalfa relating to the effect of carryover fertilizer K from alfalfa and the amount and timing of alfalfa regrowth incorporation. Corn grain yield, silage yield, and fertilizer N uptake were not affected by carryover K or amount or timing of regrowth incorporation. Maximum corn grain yield ranged from 12.0 to 16.1 Mg ha(-1) among locations but responded to fertilizer N at only one. At that location, which had inadequate soil drainage, the economically optimum N rate (EONR) was 85 kg N ha(-1), assuming prices of US$0.87 kg(-1) N and US$132 Mg-1 grain. The EONR for silage yield across 6 of 15 locations where it was measured was 40 kg N ha(-1), assuming US$39 Mg-1 silage. These results demonstrate that on highly productive medium-to fine-textured soils in the Upper Midwest with >= 43 alfalfa plants m(-2) at termination, first-year corn grain yield is oft en maximized without fertilizer N, regardless of alfalfa regrowth management or timing of incorporation, but that small N applications may be needed to optimize silage yield. C1 [Yost, Matt A.; Coulter, Jeffrey A.; Sheaffer, Craig C.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kaiser, Daniel E.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Yost, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yostx051@umn.edu FU Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council; Minnesota Agricultural Fertilizer Research and Education Council FX This research was supported by the Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council and the Minnesota Agricultural Fertilizer Research and Education Council. We appreciate the assistance from many extension educators, state agency personnel, and private consultants to identify potential cooperators, the technical help from Ryan Maher, Eric Ristau, Keith Henjum, Melissa Colletti, Tari Helmers, Anna Yang, Andrey Pashkevich, and Yuriy Garmash, and the generous cooperation of 16 Minnesota farm families. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 953 EP 962 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0384 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800012 ER PT J AU DeLaune, PB Sij, JW Park, SC Krutz, LJ AF DeLaune, P. B. Sij, J. W. Park, S. C. Krutz, L. J. TI Cotton Production as Affected by Irrigation Level and Transitioning Tillage Systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION; TEXAS HIGH-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; YIELD AB Identifying management practices that conserve and protect water resources are very important to a wide variety of stakeholders within semiarid environments. The objective of this study was to develop water management strategies for transitioning tillage systems in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production within the Texas Rolling Plains when in a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system. Five irrigation regimes (0, 33, 66, 100, and 133% evapotranspiration [ET] replacement) and four tillage systems (conventional till, reduced till, no-till, and no-till with a terminated cover crop) were evaluated. The study was conducted for 3 yr and treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Lint yields were not affected by the main effects of tillage or the interaction of tillage and ET replacement. In contrast ET replacement was a significant factor for lint yields, irrigation water use efficiency, and net returns. Greatest lint yields and net returns were achieved at 100% ET replacement. Fitted models indicated that optimum lint yields and net returns were achieved at 104.5% ET and 102% ET, respectively. Irrigation at 83% ET was within the 95% confidence interval for lint yield. Net returns were significantly higher for no-till systems compared with conventional till. Thus, adoption of conservation tillage systems should not negatively affect lint yield or net returns in deficit irrigated SDI cotton systems within the Texas Rolling Plains, particularly during the transition from intensively tilled systems to conservation tilled systems. C1 [DeLaune, P. B.; Sij, J. W.; Park, S. C.] Texas AgriLife Res Vernon, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Krutz, L. J.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP DeLaune, PB (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res Vernon, POB Box 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM pbdelaune@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas State Support Committee-Cotton Incorporated [TX 08-312] FX The authors would like to thank the Texas State Support Committee-Cotton Incorporated for project funding (project no. TX 08-312). NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0420 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800016 ER PT J AU Delbecq, BA Brown, JP Florax, RJGM Kladivko, EJ Nistor, AP Lowenberg-DeBoer, JM AF Delbecq, Benoit A. Brown, Jason P. Florax, Raymond J. G. M. Kladivko, Eileen J. Nistor, Adela P. Lowenberg-DeBoer, Jess M. TI The Impact of Drainage Water Management Technology on Corn Yields SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITRATE LOSS; CROP YIELD; TABLE MANAGEMENT; SOIL; SUBIRRIGATION; PRECISION; TILLAGE; MODELS; SYSTEM AB Controlled drainage (drainage water management) restricts outflow during periods of the year when equipment operations are not required in the field. This may increase yields as well as reduce the loss of nutrients with negative environmental externalities. An experiment using controlled drainage was investigated and its impact on corn (Zea mays L.) yields was assessed at the field level in Indiana. Specifically, yield monitor data was analyzed across space and time using a geographic information system and spatial panel regression methods. The use of panel data methods controlling simultaneously for spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as dependence provides precision agriculture researchers with a powerful framework to model crop sensor data across space and time. During the period 2005 to 2009, controlled drainage was found to outperform free-flow systems by an average of 0.57 to 1.00 Mg ha(-1) (5.8-9.8% across the effective range of 0-0.61 m above the water control structure) for the experimental field; however, these aggregate results masked substantial year-to-year and within-field variations. C1 [Delbecq, Benoit A.] ERS, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Brown, Jason P.] ERS, Resource & Rural Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Florax, Raymond J. G. M.; Lowenberg-DeBoer, Jess M.] Purdue Univ, Dep Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Florax, Raymond J. G. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dep Spatial Econ, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Florax, Raymond J. G. M.] Tinbergen Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kladivko, Eileen J.] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nistor, Adela P.] Tutorheight, Mississauga, ON L5M 5J9, Canada. RP Delbecq, BA (reprint author), ERS, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM bdelbecq@ers.usda.gov FU USDA CSREES National Integrated Water Quality Program [2004-04674] FX This research was supported by the USDA CSREES National Integrated Water Quality Program, Grant 2004-04674 entitled "Drainage Water Management Impacts on Watershed Nitrate Load, Soil Quality and Farm Profitability". Thanks to Nathan Utt and Roxanne Adeuya for their help with data collection and formatting. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1109 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0003 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800029 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS Green, TR Erskine, RH Edmunds, DA Ascough, JC AF McMaster, Gregory S. Green, Timothy R. Erskine, Robert H. Edmunds, Debora A. Ascough, James C., II TI Spatial Interrelationships between Wheat Phenology, Thermal Time, and Terrain Attributes SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; LEAF APPEARANCE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN-YIELD; CROP YIELD; SHOOT APEX; WATER; CANOPY AB Spatial variation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phenology across complex terrain has received little attention despite its importance for assessing overall crop status and making key precision management decisions. Temperature is the environmental factor explaining the greatest variation in phenology, and temperature varies across a landscape. Our primary hypothesis was that variability in thermal time (TT) by landscape position could explain the phenological variation, with a secondary hypothesis that spatial patterns of TT and phenology were related to terrain attributes. Four years of phenology and soil and air temperature data were collected from a 100-ha field in northeast Colorado. Five developmental stages were monitored at 10 landscape sites each year. Terrain attributes were computed using 5-m-grid land surface elevation data. Spatial differences in reaching developmental stages across sites varied from 2 to 12 d within a year. Up to 96% of the phenological variation among years was explained when using a general TT model pooling all data. Refining the TT model, however, by using either air or soil TT at specific sites partially supported the primary hypothesis only for the relatively wetter 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 years (regression relationships explained up to 72% of the variation). Similarly, terrain attributes occasionally explained spatial patterns of phenology in the two wetter years, and attributes with the highest explanatory power varied among years and developmental stages. Further research is needed to better understand the controlling environmental factors and predict spatial patterns of wheat phenology for precision management using terrain attributes. C1 [McMaster, Gregory S.; Green, Timothy R.; Erskine, Robert H.; Edmunds, Debora A.; Ascough, James C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM greg.mcmaster@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1110 EP 1121 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0323 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800030 ER PT J AU Northup, BK Daniel, JA AF Northup, Brian K. Daniel, John A. TI Near Infrared Reflectance-Based Tools for Predicting Soil Chemical Properties of Oklahoma Grazinglands SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; SEQUESTRATION; REGRESSION; FERTILITY; NITROGEN; PRAIRIE; PLAINS; MATTER AB Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has potential to provide timely, and lower cost estimates of soil properties than current laboratory techniques. This study defined the capacity of NIRS to predict soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) in native prairie (n = 3) and conventionally tilled wheat (n = 1) experimental paddocks (1.6 ha) in central Oklahoma under different forms of long-term (1978-2004) management. Samples were collected from paddocks along 150-m transects situated between a ridge and toe slope. The A horizon was divided into sections (0-5, 5-10, and 10-25 cm), reflectance (R) measurements (log 1/R) collected, and absorption spectra (750-2500 nm) developed for random samples collected from all paddocks (total n = 124 for C and N; n = 214 for SOM). Calibration equations between absorbance at various wavelengths and laboratory-measured properties were developed by multivariate partial least squares regression, and tested with an independent validation set of observations. Relationship between laboratory values and NIRS estimates (n = 62 for C and N; n = 75 for SOM) generated significant calibration equations (0.91 < R-2 < 0.98; P < 0.01; 2.5 < RPD ratios < 3.7). Application of calibration equations to validation datasets (n = 62 for C and N; n = 139 for SOM) generated significant relationships (0.85 < R-2 < 0.92; p < 0.01) with slopes that did not differ from calibration equations (0.70 < p < 0.76). Results suggest the developed equations could provide useful predictions of soil properties for routine determination of responses to management. More accurate and broadly applicable equations for central Oklahoma mollisols will require samples from a wider range of exposures, landscape positions, soil types, and management regimes. C1 [Northup, Brian K.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Daniel, John A.] Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Elko, NV 89801 USA. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM brian.northup@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1129 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0029 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800031 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC MacKown, CT Garbrecht, JD Zhang, H Edwards, JT AF Zhang, X. C. (John) MacKown, C. T. Garbrecht, J. D. Zhang, H. Edwards, J. T. TI Variable Environment and Market Affect Optimal Nitrogen Management in Wheat and Cattle Production Systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; CERES-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; SIMULATION-MODELS; BEEF-PRODUCTION; RESPONSE INDEX; GRAZING MODEL; PLANTING DATE; WATER; GROWTH AB Fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is about 33% worldwide. The application of crop models has the potential to improve NUE by allowing managers to optimize and synchronize N supply with crop demand. We used a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grazing model to predict optimal N rates that maximize either grain yield for a grain-only system or net economic return for a dual-purpose system for selected climate, soil water reserve, and market conditions. Simulated probabilistic distributions of optimal fertilizer N rates for grain-only wheat revealed a 55% chance that optimal N was <40 kg ha(-1) when precipitation from August to February was <30 cm, and a 90% chance that optimal N was between 90 and 120 kg ha(-1) when precipitation during the same period was >40 cm. This result supports a split N application with <45 kg ha(-1) applied pre-plant and additional N top-dressed in February according to precipitation and yield potential. Dual-purpose winter wheat with an initially wet soil profile required about 20, 60, 80, and 90 kg ha(-1) of pre-plant N to maximize cattle (Bos taurus) live weight gain for stocking densities of 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 head ha(-1), and about 120 kg N ha(-1) to maximize total net economic returns. In contrast, total optimal N for dual-purpose wheat with an initially dry soil ranged from 0 to 90 kg ha(-1), depending on climate. Precipitation between August and February was a good predictor of N requirement. Wheat grazing model was a useful tool for optimizing N management in north-central Oklahoma. C1 [Zhang, X. C. (John); MacKown, C. T.; Garbrecht, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Zhang, H.; Edwards, J. T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM john.zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1148 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0381 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800033 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Saseendran, SA Ma, L Ahuja, LR AF Nielsen, D. C. Saseendran, S. A. Ma, L. Ahuja, L. R. TI Simulating the Production Potential of Dryland Spring Canola in the Central Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE OILSEED CROPS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; WATER-USE; GROWTH; MODEL; RZWQM2; YIELD; DATE AB Canola (Brassica napus L.) has potential to be grown as a dryland crop to diversify the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow production system of the semiarid central Great Plains. Extensive regional field studies have not been conducted under rainfed conditions to provide farmers, agricultural lenders, and crop insurance providers with information about the production potential and expected yield variability of canola in this region. The purpose of this study was to use an agricultural system model to simulate canola production under rainfed conditions in the central Great Plains and to determine the economic viability of canola production. The CROPGRO-canola model was used within the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) with weather data (1993-2008) to simulate canola yield for nine central Great Plains locations under four plant-available water (PAW) contents at planting. Average yield with 75% PAW was highest (1725 kg ha(-1)) at Champion, NE, in the north-central area and lowest (975 kg ha(-1)) at Walsh, CO, in the south-central area. Simulated yields increased with increasing PAW at planting at an average rate of 5.31 kg ha(-1) mm(-1). Yield variability was simulated to be lowest at Sidney, NE, Stratton, CO, and Walsh, CO, and highest at Akron, CO, Tribune, KS, and Garden City, KS. Yield variability did not consistently change with amount of PAW across the region. Calculated average net returns indicate that profitable canola production is possible across a large portion of the central Great Plains when PAW at planting is at least 50%. C1 [Nielsen, D. C.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Pl Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Saseendran, S. A.; Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Pl Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1182 EP 1188 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0048 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968DS UT WOS:000305957800038 ER PT J AU Di Noia, J Mauriello, L Byrd-Bredbenner, C Thompson, D AF Di Noia, Jennifer Mauriello, Leanne Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol Thompson, Debbe TI Validity and Reliability of a Dietary Stages of Change Measure Among Economically Disadvantaged African-American Adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE Transtheoretical Model; Stages of Change; Fruit and Vegetable Consumption; Reliability and Validity; African-Americans; Adolescents; Prevention Research ID FOOD PURCHASING BEHAVIOR; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL; DECISIONAL BALANCE; SELF-EFFICACY; LOW-INCOME; HEALTH-PROMOTION; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; CONDOM USE AB Purpose. To examine the construct validity and 2-month test-retest reliability of a staging measure for assessing readiness to consume five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables among economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents. Design. Longitudinal survey. Setting. Youth services agencies serving low-income communities in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Subjects. African-American adolescents (N = 390) aged 11 to 74 years. Measures. Self-report measures of stage of change and fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis. Correlation analysis and analysis of covariance were used to examine, cross-sectionally, whether fruit and vegetable consumption differed by stage of change (validity assessment). Correlation analysis and Cohen's kappa (kappa) were used to assess the degree of association and level of agreement between stages longitudinally (test-retest reliability assessment). Results. Fruit and vegetable consumption was moderately correlated with stage of change (r >= .54, p = .000). Consistent with the transtheoretical model, youths' consumption increased from earlier to later stages (p = .000). Forty-six percent of youths were in the same stage at both measurements. The correlation between stages was .26, and Cohen's kappa was .20 (p = .000). Conclusions. Despite preliminary evidence of construct validity, the low test-retest reliability found suggests that further research and testing are needed to improve the stability of the measure. (Am J Health Promot 2012;26[6]:381-389.) C1 [Di Noia, Jennifer] William Paterson Univ, Dept Sociol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. [Mauriello, Leanne] Prochange Behav Syst Inc, Res & Prod Dev, W Kingston, RI USA. [Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Thompson, Debbe] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Di Noia, J (reprint author), William Paterson Univ, Dept Sociol, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. EM dinoiaj@wpunj.edu RI Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol/F-8064-2015 OI Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol/0000-0002-8010-3987 FU NCI NIH HHS [R43 CA097849, R44 CA097849, CA 97849] NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER JOURNAL HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI TROY PA PO BOX 1254, TROY, MI 48099-1254 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.4278/ajhp.100903-QUAN-302 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 970UH UT WOS:000306157300010 PM 22747321 ER PT J AU Knopp, PD AF Knopp, Peter D. TI The Distribution of Quercus rubra in the Maumee Lake Plain of Southeastern Michigan SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; CONIFER ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NORTH-AMERICA; OAK; CLASSIFICATION; WISCONSIN; GRADIENT; HARDWOOD AB Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) has been described as an opportunistic, pioneer species adapted to mesic sites, though its presence and site-specific occurrence in extreme soil-water conditions is not well understood. Fifty woodlots were investigated for the presence of Q. rubra on the Maumee lake plain of southeastern Michigan. Although it was found widespread geographically, Quercus rubra was observed only in dry-mesic to mesic ecosystems where adequate moisture remains throughout the growing season on sand, sand/clay, and clay lake plain landforms. Quercus rubra was absent in sand lake plain ecosystems of nutrient-poor, deep sand (> 200 cm to clay), and from high sand ridges that were not adjacent to swampy depressions. Within the sand lake plain it was observed only on relatively mesic, well- to somewhat poorly-drained ecosystems. In all landforms, Q. rubra was absent in seasonally inundated depressions. Successful overstory recruitment of Q. rubra was very rare, with the exception of a single site on the sand lake plain. Lacking major disturbances in the overstory, Q. rubra will likely be replaced by basswood (Tilia americana L.) and elm (Ulmus spp.) on the clay lake plain, sugar (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and black maple (Acer nigrum Michx. f.) on the sand/clay lake plain, and red maple (Acer rubrum L.), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), and sugar maple on the sand lake plain. Further studies with a particular focus on water-table relations are necessary to predict future migrations of Q. rubra under a warming climate. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. RP Knopp, PD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. EM pknopp@fs.fed.us FU University of Michigan; Michigan DNR, Natural Features Inventory FX I wish to thank Dr. Burton V. Barnes (Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan) for providing encouragement and for very helpful reviews of this manuscript. This study would not have been possible without the permission of private land owners in southeastern Michigan. I thank Dr. Mark J. Twery (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station) for supporting the completion of this manuscript. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Todd Hutchinson and Dr. Louis Iverson (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station) for valuable suggestions. This study was partially funded from a grant from the University of Michigan, in cooperation with the Michigan DNR, Natural Features Inventory. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 168 IS 1 BP 70 EP 92 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967QB UT WOS:000305921800007 ER PT J AU Webster, JR Morkeski, K Wojculewski, CA Niederlehner, BR Benfield, EF Elliott, KJ AF Webster, J. R. Morkeski, K. Wojculewski, C. A. Niederlehner, B. R. Benfield, E. F. Elliott, K. J. TI Effects of Hemlock Mortality on Streams in the Southern Appalachian Mountains SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TSUGA-CANADENSIS L.; WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; ORGANIC DEBRIS DAMS; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; EASTERN HEMLOCK; LONG-TERM; FOREST DISTURBANCE; HEADWATER STREAMS; NEW-ENGLAND; ECOSYSTEM CONSEQUENCES AB The death of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) trees in response to infestation by the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) may affect ecosystem processes and structure of streams. Prior to hemlock mortality, we documented the conditions of eight small streams and their associated riparian forests within the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, U.S.A. Hemlock was the dominant tree species on all riparian sites and was always associated with rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum). Significant trends of increasing canopy openness, increasing light to the streams and increasing annual temperature range were observed. Contributions of hemlock to litterfall, in-stream wood, and benthic organic matter were important at the beginning of the study, suggesting that the loss of hemlock may significantly modify the trophic dynamics and physical structure of southern Appalachian streams. Increased growth of rhododendron in response to hemlock mortality may compensate for the trophic influences of hemlock loss. However, because of rhododendron's negative effect on growth of seedlings of other tree species, the greatest ecosystem impact of hemlock wooly adelgid may be more extensive rhododendron thickets within the riparian corridors of southern Appalachian streams. C1 [Webster, J. R.; Morkeski, K.; Wojculewski, C. A.; Niederlehner, B. R.; Benfield, E. F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Elliott, K. J.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Webster, JR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jwebster@vt.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station; Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research Project (National Science Foundation) [DEB-02218001, DEB-0823293] FX This work was supported by a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and by the Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research Project (National Science Foundation DEB-02218001 and DEB-0823293). We thank the many undergraduate and graduate students who helped with the collection and processing of samples. Also, Andy Dolloff helped with the measurement of large wood, and Phil Araman and Matt Winn identified the species of large wood. NR 81 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 70 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 168 IS 1 BP 112 EP 131 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967QB UT WOS:000305921800009 ER PT J AU Antony, F Schimleck, LR Jordan, L Daniels, RF Clark, A AF Antony, Finto Schimleck, Laurence R. Jordan, Lewis Daniels, Richard F. Clark, Alex, III TI Modeling the effect of initial planting density on within tree variation of stiffness in loblolly pine SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Loblolly pine; Corewood; Outerwood; Stiffness; Pinus taeda L ID WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; MANAGEMENT INTENSITY; FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; REGIONAL-VARIATION; SOUTHEASTERN USA; UNITED-STATES; PLANTATION; ELASTICITY; RADIATA AB Modulus of elasticity (MOE) is an important mechanical property determining the end-use and value of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) lumber. In this study, a model was developed to predict the within tree variation of MOE, from pith-to-bark and stump-to-tip, using data collected from a 21-year-old unthinned stand where trees were planted under seven initial stand density levels (746-2,243 trees/hectare). The study was laid out in a randomized complete block design, with seven levels of initial planting density, replicated three times. Seven trees were destructively sampled from each plot, and bolts were cut from each tree at heights of 2.4, 7.3, and 12.2 m. Static bending samples (of dimension 2.5 x 2.5 x 40.6 cm) representing pith-to-bark variation were cut from each bolt and MOE measured. A three-parameter logistic function was used to model the pith-to-bark variation in stiffness with distance from pith as an explanatory variable. Based on the final fitted model, it was found that the asymptotic parameter (maximum outerwood MOE = 13.48 GPa) was not influenced by sampling height, initial planting density, and stem slenderness. However, the inflection and scale parameters were significantly influenced by these variables. In summary, we found that initial planting density had a significant influence on the amount of corewood produced with higher initial planting densities producing a lower proportion of corewood as indicated by a linear decrease in inflection point with an increase in planting density. C1 [Antony, Finto; Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jordan, Lewis] Weyerhaeuser Co, So Timberlands R&D, Columbus, MS 39704 USA. [Clark, Alex, III] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Antony, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fintoa@warnell.uga.edu FU Wood Quality Consortium at the University of Georgia FX Wood Quality Consortium at the University of Georgia. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 641 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s13595-011-0180-1 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 968AV UT WOS:000305950300010 ER PT J AU Hansen, JA Klingeman, WE Moulton, JK Oliver, JB Windham, MT Zhang, A Trigiano, RN AF Hansen, J. A. Klingeman, W. E. Moulton, J. K. Oliver, J. B. Windham, M. T. Zhang, A. Trigiano, R. N. TI Molecular Identification of Synanthedonini Members (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Using Cytochrome Oxidase I SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; clearwing moth; barcoding; DNA fingerprinting; woodborer ID DOGWOOD BORER LEPIDOPTERA; DNA BARCODES; APPLE ORCHARDS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY; TREE BORER; PHEROMONE; EVOLUTION; SCITULA; DIPTERA AB Many North American sesiid moths within Synanthodonini have been studied extensively because their feeding activity can cause detrimental economic and esthetic impacts to many commercially important ornamental and native plant species. Recent discoveries of nonnative clearwing moth pest introductions [e.g., Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkh.)], reinforce the need for reliable and accurate molecular diagnostic tools that can be used by nontaxonomic experts, particularly when juvenile life stages are recovered from infested host-plant tissues. Cytochrome oxidase I (cox I) previously has been used to successfully identify species and resolve species complexes. In this study, the cox I phylogeny inferred from sequences generated from 21 species of sesiid moths classified within Synanthedonini confirms the close evolutionary relationship between sesiid species. As other authors have suggested in previous works, we observed that Synanthedon rileyana H. Edwards appears atypical for the genus, as it paired with Carmenta bassiformis (Walker) one node removed from, but not sister to, a large well-supported Synanthedon-rich clade. Sannina uroceriformis Walker and Podosesia Moschler were observed nested deeply within the aforementioned well-supported clade (posterior probability [PP] of clade = 100) comprised of all Synanthedon species sampled, except S. rileyana. Placement of these two taxa conflicts with results from previous morphological studies. These placements were immune from repeated attempts to delete perceived nearby long branches within the data set. Despite these few conflicts and overall low statistical support for most interspecific and higher relationships, our data suggest that all species examined possess unique genetic signatures that lend themselves to accurate identification of all life history stages of these clearwing pests. C1 [Hansen, J. A.; Moulton, J. K.; Windham, M. T.; Trigiano, R. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Klingeman, W. E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oliver, J. B.] TSU Otis Floyd Nursery Crops Res Stn, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Zhang, A.] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hansen, JA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jahanse2@ncsu.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 105 IS 4 BP 520 EP 528 DI 10.1603/AN11028 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 969RS UT WOS:000306075200002 ER PT J AU Hughes, RF Uowolo, AL Togia, TP AF Hughes, R. Flint Uowolo, Amanda L. Togia, Tavita P. TI Recovery of native forest after removal of an invasive tree, Falcataria moluccana, in American Samoa SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Disturbance; Pacific Islands; Samoa; Biomass; Richness; Soil nitrogen; Succession ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; ALBIZIA-FALCATARIA; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; SPECIES INVASIONS; CLIDEMIA-HIRTA; GLOBAL CHANGE; PLANT TRAITS; MYRICA-FAYA AB Invasive species are among the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Unfortunately, meaningful control of invasive species is often difficult. Here, we present results concerning the effects of invasion by a non-native, N-2-fixing tree, Falcataria moluccana, on native-dominated forests of American Samoa and the response of invaded forests to its removal. We sampled species richness, seedling and stem densities, biomass, and soil inorganic N status in native-dominated forests, and in forests invaded by F. moluccana where it was subsequently removed. While total biomass of intact native forests and those invaded by F. moluccana did not differ significantly, greater than 60% of the biomass of invaded forest plots was accounted for by F. moluccana, and biomass of native species was significantly greater in intact native forests. Biomass of native Samoan tree species following removal of F. moluccana accumulated rapidly from 128 Mg ha(-1) immediately after tree girdling treatment to 185 Mg ha(-1) following 8 years of post-removal recovery, at which point biomass of F. moluccana-removal plots did not differ significantly from native-dominated forest plots. Native trees exhibiting early successional traits accounted for a large portion of aboveground biomass in these forests where frequent large-scale disturbance events (i.e., tropical cyclones) are a salient feature. We suspect that this is the single most important reason why F. moluccana removal is a successful management strategy; once F. moluccana is removed, native tree species grow rapidly, exploiting the legacy of increased available soil N and available sunlight. Seedling densities of F. moluccana were high in invaded forest stands but effectively absent following only 3 years of forest recovery; a result likely due to the shade cast by reestablishing native trees. Although F. moluccana is a daunting invasive species, it exhibits characteristics that make it vulnerable to successful control: it is easily killed by girdling or herbicides, and its seeds and seedlings do not tolerate shade. These characteristics, combined with the important capacity for rapid growth exhibited by many of Samoa's native trees, provide conditions and opportunities for successful, long-term control of F. moluccana across lowland forests of American Samoa. Caution should be exercised, however, in anticipating comparable management success in the control of F. moluccana elsewhere, as post-removal responses of invaded forest communities may differ dramatically from what has been documented in American Samoa. C1 [Hughes, R. Flint; Uowolo, Amanda L.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Togia, Tavita P.] Natl Pk Amer Samoa, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. RP Hughes, RF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM fhughes@fs.fed.us FU National Park Service, Department of the Interior FX We thank A. Masani'ai, T. Iosefa, A. Wyberski, J. Puni, T. Gaoteote, I. Sagaga, J. Togi, T. Lemalu, L. Peo, D. Tago, L. Seagai, S. Eliu, F. Suani, M. Tago, M. Tuinei, T. Sagapolutele, L. Tapusoa, E. Situa, C. Osigafeagaiga, B. Malaga and S. Laolagi, I. Joaquin, A. Cortes, R. Loo, and J. Mascaro for their invaluable assistance in collecting the field data for this study. J. Baldwin provided advice, expertise, and assistance with the statistical analysis, and V. Vaivai created the map of Tutuila Island used here. L. Loope, E. Webb, and J. Mascaro and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved previous drafts of the manuscript with their comments. We are grateful to the High Chief Atuatasi Talosaga and the Fagasa village council for their strong support and graciousness in permitting access to their forested lands, and we thank the National Park Service, Department of the Interior for the funding that allowed us to execute this research. NR 91 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2012 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1393 EP 1413 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0164-y PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958YT UT WOS:000305277600011 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, A Williams, DA Wheeler, GS Cuda, JP Pal, S Overholt, WA AF Mukherjee, A. Williams, D. A. Wheeler, G. S. Cuda, J. P. Pal, S. Overholt, W. A. TI Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida and South America: evidence of a possible niche shift driven by hybridization SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Niche conservation; Hybridization; Range expansion; Lag period ID FUTURE BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; ANACARDIACEAE; EVOLUTION; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) was introduced into Florida from South America in the 1800s and commercialized as an ornamental plant. Based on herbaria records and available literature, it began to escape cultivation and invade ruderal and natural habitats in the 1950s, and is now considered to be one of Florida's most widespread and damaging invasive plants. Historical records and molecular evidence indicate that two genetic lineages of Brazilian peppertree were established in Florida, one in Miami on the east coast and a second near Punta Gorda on the west coast. Since arriving, the distributions of these two types have greatly expanded, and they have extensively hybridized. Principal component analysis and reciprocal niche fitting were used to test the equivalency of climatic niches of the Florida populations with the climatic niches of the two South American chloroplast haplotype groups which established in Florida. Both approaches indicated a significant shift in niches between the parental populations in the native range and the invasive populations in Florida. The models, however, closely predicted the areas of initial establishment. We hypothesize that (1) Brazilian peppertree was able to gain an initial foothold in Florida due to niche similarity and (2) the current dissimilarity in native and exotic niches is due to hybridization followed by rapid selection of genotypes adapted to Florida's climate. In addition, to examine the potential consequence of the introduction of additional genetic diversity from the native range on invasion success, a niche model constructed with occurrences of all native genotypes was projected onto the continental United States. The result of this test indicated that under such an event, the potential invasive range would greatly expand to cover most of the southeastern USA. Our study suggests that multiple introductions from disjunct regions in the native range can facilitate invasion success. C1 [Overholt, W. A.] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Mukherjee, A.; Cuda, J. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Wheeler, G. S.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Pal, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Overholt, WA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM billover@ufl.edu RI Williams, Dean/H-6108-2016 OI Williams, Dean/0000-0002-9001-6019 FU Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; South Florida Water Management District; USDA/ARS FX Brazilian collections were conducted with the assistance of Dr. M. Vitorino, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, under the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente permit 09BR003939/DF. Field assistance was generously provided by F. McKay, USDA/ARS/SABCL, Hurlingham, Argentina. We thank the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, South Florida Water Management District, and USDA/ARS for financial support for this work. NR 93 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2012 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1415 EP 1430 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0168-7 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958YT UT WOS:000305277600012 ER PT J AU Mosjidis, JA Burke, JM Hess, JB AF Mosjidis, Jorge A. Burke, Joan M. Hess, Joseph B. TI The Facts about Sunn Hemp Toxicity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; CROTALARIA-JUNCEA; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; LEGUME FORAGES; SEEDS; GROWTH; PLANTS; TRIBE; HAY AB Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an annual plant widely grown in the tropics. The genus Crotalaria includes some species known to be toxic to animals. Development of seed-producing cultivars for the continental United States at Auburn University, AL, has raised the question of whether its seeds and forage are toxic. This review will present the evidence reported in the literature on the presence of toxic compounds in sunn hemp seed and foliage and other Crotalaria species found in the United States and their effect on animals. Results from research on sunn hemp demonstrate it is a valuable source of forage without toxic effects. The seed does not cause acute toxicity to domestic animals because it has only a small amount of the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids characteristic of the genus Crotalaria. Therefore, its presence as a feed contaminant does not pose a problem. However, sunn hemp seed should not be incorporated in animal diets because, depending on the amount in the diet and the length of time that the diet is fed, it may cause weight loss and potential death. Conflicting reports found in the literature regarding seed toxicity of C. juncea appear to be caused by the amount of seed included in the diet, length of time the diet was fed, and animal species that consumed it. Statements indicating that sunn hemp forage is toxic seem to be due to misinterpretation of the literature and unwarranted extension of the toxicity problems found in other Crotalaria species to sunn hemp. C1 [Mosjidis, Jorge A.] Auburn Univ, Dep Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Burke, Joan M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Hess, Joseph B.] Auburn Univ, Poultry Sci Dep, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Mosjidis, JA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dep Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM mosjija@auburn.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1469 EP 1474 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.11.0583 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900001 ER PT J AU McCann, LC Bethke, PC Casler, MD Simon, PW AF McCann, Leah C. Bethke, Paul C. Casler, Michael D. Simon, Philipp W. TI Allocation of Experimental Resources Used in Potato Breeding to Minimize the Variance of Genotype Mean Chip Color and Tuber Composition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; EFFICIENCY; YIELD; LOCI AB Breeders strive to select superior genotypes despite the challenges that environmental variation and environment x genotype interactions bring in increasing phenotypic variance. Effective selection requires experimental design that minimizes variance of genotype means and therefore allows for the identification of superior genotypes. The variance components calculated from three extensive datasets were used in modeling experiments to determine how experimental replication and sampling affected the variance of genotype mean for composition or fried chip color of tubers from Solanum species including the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. Maximizing experimental replication over years and locations with limited sampling minimized variance of genotype means for chip color, tuber sugar concentrations, and tuber dry matter. It is suggested that in the early stages of a potato breeding program, more precise evaluations of the genetic potential of individual clones would be achieved through the use of small plots evaluated over several locations and/or years rather than increased replication at one location. C1 [McCann, Leah C.; Bethke, Paul C.; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Hort, ARS, USDA,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bethke, PC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dep Hort, ARS, USDA,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM paul.bethke@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1475 EP 1481 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0392 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900002 ER PT J AU Pinson, SRM Jia, YL Gibbons, J AF Pinson, Shannon R. M. Jia, Yulin Gibbons, James TI Response to Early Generation Selection for Resistance to Rice Kernel Fissuring SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; MEDIUM-GRAIN RICE; MILLING QUALITY; MOISTURE ADSORPTION; ROUGH RICE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; REGISTRATION; HARVEST; YIELDS; CULTIVARS AB The value of milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) depends on the percent whole versus broken kernels after milling. Kernel fissures caused by pre- or postharvest stresses are the leading cause of breakage on milling. 'Cypress' is known to be more fissure resistant (FR) than most cultivars, but breeding success has been limited by a lack of ability to identify FR among F 2 and F 3 progeny. An induced-fissuring method wherein small samples of seed are evaluated for fissure rates after controlled exposure to humid laboratory conditions can distinguish FR among pure-breeding rice cultivars. To measure the efficacy of the induced-fissuring system for evaluating FR among segregating breeding progeny, we applied divergent selection for FR and fissure susceptibility (FS) on seed harvested from similar to 300 Cypress (FR) x 'LaGrue' (FS) F-2 plants and evaluated selection success using seed from F-2:3 plants grown in Arkansas and Texas. A second round of divergent selection was made among F-3 progeny followed by F-3:4 progeny testing. Fissure susceptible F-2:3 progeny fissured twice as much as FR progeny, with an average response to selection of 13.5%. Response to F-3 selection was smaller (averaging 2.6%), suggesting some fixation of alleles due to the F-2 selections. Narrow-sense heritabilities (h(2)) were 0.54 and 0.73 for the FR and FS F-2 selections, respectively. This study documented successful early-generation selection for FR, opening new opportunity for breeders to develop rice cultivars improved for this important trait. C1 [Pinson, Shannon R. M.] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Jia, Yulin] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gibbons, James] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Pinson, SRM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM shannon.pinson@ars.usda.gov FU Rice Foundation FX Partial funding for this study was provided by the Rice Foundation. Cypress x LaGrue F2 seed was obtained from Dr. Steve Linscombe, rice breeder at the LSU AgCenter's Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1482 EP 1492 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.05.0247 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900003 ER PT J AU Wiebbecke, CE Graham, MA Cianzio, SR Palmer, RG AF Wiebbecke, Christiana E. Graham, Michelle A. Cianzio, Silvia R. Palmer, Reid G. TI Day Temperature Influences the Male-Sterile Locus ms9 in Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACCESSION DERIVED GERMPLASM; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; RECURRENT SELECTION; COTTON IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVAR CROSSES; MUTANT; VALUES; STRAIN AB Cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a major source of oil and protein in global food production. As demand for soy-based products increases, it is essential for breeders to find ways to increase yield beyond conventional methods. Alternative methods of cultivar development and improvement must be identified. Our objectives were to determine if the ms9 locus conferring male sterility in soybean was environmentally sensitive and, if it were, to determine which environments could be used in hybrid seed production. This was accomplished through characterization of pollen phenotypes and selfed seed set among progeny of soybean genotype T359H (Genetic Type Collection number T359H), a heterozygous maintainer line for the ms9 locus. T359H was evaluated in seven environmental regimens in growth chamber experiments. We used a split-plot design to test the effect of temperature regimens and male-sterile phenotypic classifications within chambers. As day temperature increased from 30 to 35 degrees C, selfed seed set on male-sterile, female-fertile plants decreased. Conversely, night temperature affected neither fertile nor male-sterile, female-fertile selfed seed set. This suggests that ms9 can be used in hybrid seed production in controlled environments where day temperature is 35 degrees C during the flowering. These temperature conditions and their effect on ms9 may provide an alternative method to produce hybrid seed in soybean cultivar development programs. C1 [Wiebbecke, Christiana E.; Graham, Michelle A.; Cianzio, Silvia R.; Palmer, Reid G.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wiebbecke, Christiana E.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.; Palmer, Reid G.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpalmer@iastate.edu RI Graham, Michelle/C-7144-2013 FU Monsanto Co., the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa [4403]; Hatch Act; State of Iowa FX This project was a joint contribution from Monsanto Co., the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 4403, and from the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit and supported by the Hatch Act and the State of Iowa. The mention of a trademark or proprietary product by Monsanto Co., Iowa State University, or the USDA, and the use of the name by Monsanto Co., Iowa State University, or the USDA does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. We would like to express our appreciation to Dan Nordman for his assistance with statistical design and analysis. Additionally, we would like to acknowledge Allison Pappas and Randall Den Adel for their assistance capturing microphotograph images. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1503 EP 1510 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0410 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900005 ER PT J AU Bartek, MS Hodnett, GL Burson, BL Stelly, DM Rooney, WL AF Bartek, Matthew S. Hodnett, George L. Burson, Byron L. Stelly, David M. Rooney, William L. TI Pollen Tube Growth After Intergeneric Pollinations of iap-Homozygous Sorghum SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PISTIL INTERACTIONS; STIGMA ADHESION; BICOLOR; HYBRIDIZATION; MACROSPERMUM; SACCHARUM; HYBRIDS; INTROGRESSION; BRASSICACEAE; HALEPENSE AB Hybridization within sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been the primary means of creating genetic diversity for improvement. While considerable variation exists within S. bicolor, traits such as biotic stress tolerance could be improved if secondary and tertiary germplasm pools were accessible through hybridization. Sorghum germplasm possessing the inhibition of alien pollen (iap) allele has enhanced the ability to make successful wide hybridizations between secondary and tertiary gene pools. However, the range of this efficacy has not been tested. Pollen from Miscanthus Andersson, Pennisetum Rich., Sorghastrum Nash, and Zea L. was transferred to the stigmas of S. bicolor lines Tx3361 (with the iap allele) and ATx623 (without the iap allele). Pollen of all genera exhibited tube growth, but the frequencies of germination and growth rates varied among species and accessions within a genus. Significantly more pollen germinated and grew into the pistils of Tx3361 than ATx623. Pollen grains were noticeably more numerous on stigmas of Tx3361, implying that factors within Tx3361 may also affect pollen adhesion. The results indicate that the potential for intergeneric hybridization of S. bicolor via Tx3361 will vary based on the individual species and accessions within a species that are used as pollinators. C1 [Bartek, Matthew S.; Hodnett, George L.; Stelly, David M.; Rooney, William L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Burson, Byron L.] Texas A&M Univ, ARS, USDA, Crop Germplasm Res Unit,Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bartek, MS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mbartek@neo.tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1553 EP 1560 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0474 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900010 ER PT J AU VandenLangenberg, KM Bethke, PC Nienhuis, J AF VandenLangenberg, Kyle M. Bethke, Paul C. Nienhuis, James TI Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose Concentration in Snap Bean Pods SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SEED DEVELOPMENT; GREEN BEANS; SUGAR; QTL; TOMATO; QUALITY; STARCH; FLAVOR AB Sugars, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Differences between dry and snap bean cultivars and among snap bean cultivars in the patterns of accumulation of sugars have been observed. In 'Eagle', a white-seeded, large-sieve snap bean cultivar, fructose and glucose concentrations in developing pods decreased while sucrose concentration increased with increasing pod size. In contrast, fructose and glucose concentrations increased while sucrose remained unchanged with increasing pod size in Puebla 152, a black-seeded dry bean landrace from Mexico. A population derived from the cross Eagle x Puebla 152 consisting of 75 F-9:10 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed by single seed descent. Significant differences in fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations of sieve size 4 (8.33-9.52 mm) pods were observed among RILs. No significant genotype x year interactions were observed. Heritability estimates for fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 0.85 +/- 0.16, 0.81 +/- 0.16, and 0.85 +/- 0.16, respectively. A single quantitative trait locus (QTL) on linkage group B1 was identified that is closely linked to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker W9.1050 and explains 28.8 and 26.6% of the variation in pod fructose and sucrose concentration, respectively. A two-QTL model, including W9.1050 and RAPD marker F8.500 on linkage group B6, explained 36.4% of the variation in glucose concentration in pods. C1 [VandenLangenberg, Kyle M.; Bethke, Paul C.; Nienhuis, James] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bethke, Paul C.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Nienhuis, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM nienhuis@wisc.edu FU Federal Multistate HATCH [WIS01427, WIS01540] FX This research was funded by Federal Multistate HATCH projects WIS01427 and WIS01540. The authors would like to thank Michell Sass, University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Horticulture, and Dr. James Busse, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, for their technical assistance with this project as well as Dr. Karl Broman, University of Wisconsin, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, for providing statistical expertise with the QTL analysis. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1593 EP 1599 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0396 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900014 ER PT J AU Felicetti, E Song, QJ Jia, GF Cregan, P Bett, KE Miklas, PN AF Felicetti, Erin Song, Qijian Jia, Gaofeng Cregan, Perry Bett, Kirstin E. Miklas, Phillip N. TI Simple Sequence Repeats Linked with Slow Darkening Trait in Pinto Bean Discovered by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Assay and Whole Genome Sequencing SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; SEED-COAT; SSR-MARKERS; REGISTRATION; GENE AB Seed coat darkening in pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) primarily occurs during prolonged storage and can result in significant loss in value based on it being a consumer perceived product flaw. Several slow darkening (SD) pintos, conditioned by the presence of the recessive sd gene, exist but are poorly adapted. Breeding for improved SD pintos is complicated by the recessive inheritance and expression of the trait in maternal tissue. We sought to develop capacity for marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the SD trait. Three F-2 populations (159 individuals) derived from crosses between SD parents, representing two different sources (1533-15 and SDIP-1) for the trait, and commercial regular darkening (RD) pintos were used to screen for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked with the sd locus. Separate DNA pools from SD and from RD F-2 individuals genotyped for the sd locus were used to detect putative sd-linked SNPs using the bulked-segregant analysis strategy. Two of 1536 SNPs differentiated between the SD and RD DNA bulks for all three populations. The whole genome sequence scaffold possessing the two SNPs was canvassed for simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Three of 12 SSRs from the SNP region distinguished between the SD and RD lines. The three SSRs, Pvsd-1157, Pvsd-1158, and Pvsd-0028, were observed to be tightly linked with the sd locus at 0.9, 0.4, and 3.1 cM, respectively, across the F-2 populations. The SSRs assayed across a recombinant inbred line mapping population (CDC Pintium x 1533-15) placed the sd gene on bean linkage group 7 between framework SSR markers BM210 and PvBR35. A survey of SD and RD advanced lines and cultivars revealed the SSRs will have utility for MAS of the SD trait in pinto bean and perhaps in other dry bean market classes as well. C1 [Felicetti, Erin; Miklas, Phillip N.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Song, Qijian; Jia, Gaofeng; Cregan, Perry] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bett, Kirstin E.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dep Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM phil.miklas@ars.usda.gov FU BeanCAP; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-01929] FX The preliminary assembly of the Phaseolus vulgaris whole genome sequence was made available by Dr. Jeremy Schmutz (HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL). Access to this resource is greatly appreciated. This research was partially supported by the BeanCAP funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, project number 2009-01929. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1600 EP 1608 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.12.0655 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900015 ER PT J AU Lorenz, AJ Smith, KP Jannink, JL AF Lorenz, A. J. Smith, K. P. Jannink, J. -L. TI Potential and Optimization of Genomic Selection for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Six-Row Barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; BREEDING VALUES; KERNEL DISCOLORATION; POPULATION; PREDICTION; ACCURACY; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), causing reductions in yield and quality. Marker-based selection for resistance to FHB and lowered deoxynivalenol (DON) grain concentration would save considerable costs and time associated with phenotyping. A marker-based selection approach called genomic selection (GS) uses genomewide marker information to predict genetic value. We used a cross-validation approach that separated training sets from validation sets by both entry and environment. We used this framework to test the potential of GS for genetic improvement of FHB and DON as well as test the effect of different factors on prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy for FHB was found to be as high as 0.72 and that for DON was found to be as high as 0.68. Little difference was found between marker effect estimation methods in terms of prediction of entry genetic value. The extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) present in this population allowed the marker set to be reduced to 384 markers and training population (TP) size to be reduced 200 with little effect on prediction accuracy. We found little to no advantage to combining subpopulations that correspond to neighboring breeding programs to increase TP size. Apparently, little genetic information is shared between subpopulations, either because of different marker-quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage phases, different segregating QTL, or nonadditive gene action. C1 [Lorenz, A. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Smith, K. P.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jannink, J. -L.] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lorenz, AJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, 363 Keim Hall,POB 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM alorenz2@unl.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2006-55606-16722, 2009-65300-05661, 2011-68002-30029]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [59-0206-9-072]; U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreements No. 2006-55606-16722 "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement"; 2009-65300-05661 Evaluating Genomic Selection for Applied Plant Breeding"; 2011-68002-30029 "Improving Barley and Wheat Germplasm for Changing Environments" and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0206-9-072, a cooperative project with the U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 38 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1609 EP 1621 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0503 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900016 ER PT J AU Gurung, S Hansen, JM Bonman, JM Gironella, AIN Adhikari, TB AF Gurung, Suraj Hansen, Jana M. Bonman, J. Michael Gironella, Ann Inez N. Adhikari, Tika B. TI Multiple Disease Resistance to Four Leaf Spot Diseases in Winter Wheat Accessions from the USDA National Small Grains Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; STAGONOSPORA NODORUM BLOTCH; TAN SPOT; SEPTORIA-TRITICI; COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; SPRING WHEAT; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; BIPOLARIS-SOROKINIANA; SOUTH-ASIA; GENE AB Tan spot (TS, caused by Pyrenophora trit-ici-repentis), Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB, caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum), spot blotch (SB, caused by Cochliobolus sativus), and Septoria tritici blotch (STB, caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola) are important leaf spot diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) worldwide. Most commercial wheat cultivars are often resistant to one pathogen but susceptible to the others. Our objective was to identify resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases in a subset of winter wheat accessions from the core collection of the National Small Grains Collection of the USDA-ARS. In total, 633 winter wheat accessions were evaluated for resistance in a greenhouse and 205, 278, 146, and 68 accessions were resistant to TS, SNB, SB, and STB, respectively. Resistance to STB, SNB, and SB were positively associated, but resistance to TS was positively associated only with STB. Except for STB, resistance was more common among accessions from Europe than accessions from Asia. Cultivars and breeding lines were more likely to be resistant to SNB and STB compared with landraces. Fifty-six accessions were resistant to three or more diseases, and of these, five (CItr16595, PI 278612, PI 351330, PI 361858, and PI 351983) were resistant to all four diseases. On the basis of Germ-plasm Resources Information Network data, 17 of the 56 wheat accessions were resistant to at least two additional diseases. These multiple disease resistance sources will be useful in wheat breeding programs. C1 [Adhikari, Tika B.] N Carolina State Univ, CIPM, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gurung, Suraj] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Hansen, Jana M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Bonman, J. Michael] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Gironella, Ann Inez N.] Idaho State Univ, Math Dep, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Adhikari, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, CIPM, Centennial Campus, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tadhikari31@yahoo.com FU Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota; North Dakota Wheat Commission; State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota; USDA-ARS [58-5366-0-133] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota, North Dakota Wheat Commission, and the State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota, and USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-5366-0-133. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1640 EP 1650 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0408 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900019 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Bregitzer, P Mornhinweg, D Jackson, EW AF Dahleen, Lynn S. Bregitzer, Phil Mornhinweg, Dolores Jackson, Eric W. TI Association Mapping of Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance in Barley as a Method to Identify Diversity in the National Small Grains Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT; SPRING BARLEY; MIXED-MODEL; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; STARS-9577B; HOMOPTERA; MARKERS; STARS-9301B; POPULATIONS AB Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) infestations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cause chlorotic leaf spotting and streaking and prevent unrolling of leaves, which traps spikes and reduces grain yield. Resistant accessions identified in the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) were used to develop adapted, resistant germplasm and cultivars. This study identified loci affecting RWA resistance and diversity in the NSGC using association mapping. Resistant and susceptible accessions, breeding lines, and cultivars were genotyped with Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers and phenotyped for RWA responses. A core set of nine markers explained 83% of the variation for chlorosis. Most resistant and susceptible accessions had opposite genotypes at each of these markers. The six susceptible adapted cultivars were exceptions and shared the haplotype of the resistant accessions. Variability at four additional loci associated with resistance did not sufficiently explain phenotypic variability between resistant accessions and susceptible cultivars. Examining subsets of the data identified six additional markers associated with RWA response, which discriminated between resistant accessions and susceptible cultivars. Additional investigation is necessary to better understand the genetics of RWA resistance. However, this study provided useful information on diversity in the NSGC and suggested that RWA resistance is a complex trait that may share physiological components with other characteristics that were selected during domestication. C1 [Dahleen, Lynn S.] ARS, USDA, NCSL, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Bregitzer, Phil; Jackson, Eric W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Mornhinweg, Dolores] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCSL, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM lynn.dahleen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS CRIS [5442-21000-035-00, 5366-21000-028-00, 6217-21000-007-00] FX This research was supported by USDA, ARS CRIS project numbers 5442-21000-035-00, 5366-21000-028-00, and 6217-21000-007-00. The authors welcome collaborations with others who are interested in using this data set to analyze these lines for other traits. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1651 EP 1662 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0525 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900020 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Jang, SC Baxter, I Wiebold, WJ AF Krishnan, Hari B. Jang, Sungchan Baxter, Ivan Wiebold, William J. TI Growing Location has a Pronounced Effect on the Accumulation of Cancer Chemopreventive Agent Bowman-Birk Inhibitor in Soybean Seeds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STORAGE PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; MAX L. MERR.; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; BETA-CONGLYCININ; CLONOGENIC SURVIVAL; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; NECK-CANCER; FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; SULFUR AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] contains several health promoting compounds including phytosterols, isoflavones, phytic acid, and protease inhibitors. The two abundant protease inhibitors of soybean seeds are the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI). Bowman-Birk inhibitor has been touted as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent for humans. Little information is available on the effect of growing location on the accumulation of this cancer chemopreventive agent. In this study we have examined the protein profile of eight soybean varieties that were grown in three Missouri locations in 2009 and 2010. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis demonstrated that soybean varieties that were grown in Grand Pass contained elevated levels of the beta subunit of beta-conglycinin and reduced amounts of BBI. This observation was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. This difference in the levels of BBI was also reflected in the chymotrypsin inhibitor activity. Growing location also influenced the overall S content of soybean seeds as evidenced by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Seeds grown in Grand Pass had lower amounts of total S content in both 2009 and 2010. Our results demonstrate that growing location has a profound effect on the accumulation of BBI and it is possible to modulate the concentration of this cancer chemopreventive agent by simple changes in agronomic practices. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jang, Sungchan; Wiebold, William J.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Baxter, Ivan] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ars.usda.gov RI Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1786 EP 1794 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.11.0593 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900032 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Wang, QG Timlin, DJ Chun, JA Reddy, VR AF Fleisher, David H. Wang, Qinguo Timlin, Dennis J. Chun, Jong-Ahn Reddy, V. R. TI Response of Potato Gas Exchange and Productivity to Phosphorus Deficiency and Carbon Dioxide Enrichment SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS; CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURES; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; VICIA-FABA-L; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; SPINACH LEAVES; WATER-STRESS; DRY-MATTER; GROWTH AB The degree to which crops respond to atmospheric CO2 enrichment may be influenced by nutrition. To determine the extent to which dry matter production, canopy and leaf photosynthesis, and transpiration are influenced by P and CO2, potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cultivar Kennebec) were grown in outdoor soil-plant-atmosphere research (SPAR) chambers at two levels of CO2 (400 or 800 mu mol mol(-1)) and three levels of P fertilization. Total dry matter declined an average 42% between high and low P fertilizer and increased 13% in response to elevated CO2 when averaged across the P treatments. This enhancement effect did not vary with level of P treatment. Leaf level photosynthetic rate was reduced 58% and stomatal conductance 43% between high and low P treatments. Biochemical model parameters for carboxylation rate, ribulose bisphosphate regeneration, and triose phosphate use were reduced by P deficiency but scarcely influenced by growth CO2. After tuber initiation, canopy assimilation rate increased under elevated CO2 particularly at the middle levels of P fertilization, and diurnal canopy evapotranspiration showed a significant reduction in response to elevated CO2 and declining P fertilizer. Lack of interactive effects between CO2 and P on most measured responses suggests the effect of CO2 enrichment on potato growth and assimilation is similar at each P-treatment level; however, such effects may also be correlated with plant N status. C1 [Fleisher, David H.; Timlin, Dennis J.; Chun, Jong-Ahn; Reddy, V. R.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Qinguo] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, BARC W, Bldg 001,Rm 342,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.fleisher@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 29 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1803 EP 1815 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0526 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900034 ER PT J AU Conaty, WC Burke, JJ Mahan, JR Neilsen, JE Sutton, BG AF Conaty, W. C. Burke, J. J. Mahan, J. R. Neilsen, J. E. Sutton, B. G. TI Determining the Optimum Plant Temperature of Cotton Physiology and Yield to Improve Plant-Based Irrigation Scheduling SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE FOLLOWING ILLUMINATION; CONSTANT LEAF TEMPERATURE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; THERMAL-DEPENDENCE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; MALATE SYNTHASE; HEAT TOLERANCE; REAPPEARANCE; DIVERSITY; MAINTENANCE AB A plant-based thermal optimum approach to irrigation scheduling provides potential benefits in that water applications are scheduled on the basis of plant response to water status. Such irrigation systems require a defined thermal optimum for the crop and while such optimum values have been identified for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars in the United States, there is no information of this type for cultivars common in Australian production. This paper outlines a threefold approach to determining the optimum temperature (T-opt) of the commercial Australian cotton cultivar Sicot 70BRF in an Australian production system. It combines the use of a laboratory-based fluorescence assay, field-based net C assimilation rate (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(s)), and canopy temperature (T-c)-yield relations. The fluorescence assay showed a T-opt between 28 and 30 degrees C while leaf gas exchange rates peaked at a leaf temperature (T l) of 29 degrees C. The T-c-yield relations peaked at 26 degrees C, with yield reductions observed when T-c > 28 degrees C. We conclude the T-opt of the Australian upland cotton cultivar Sicot 70BRF to be 28 +/- 2 degrees C. This T-opt will provide valuable information for use in thermal optimum irrigation scheduling systems. C1 [Conaty, W. C.; Neilsen, J. E.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. [Burke, J. J.; Mahan, J. R.] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Conaty, W. C.; Sutton, B. G.] Univ Sydney, Fac Food Agr & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Neilsen, J. E.] Monsanto Australia Ltd, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Conaty, WC (reprint author), CSIRO Plant Ind, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. EM warren.conaty@csiro.au RI Conaty, Warren/B-8153-2011 FU Cotton Catchment Communities Cooperative Research Centre; Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures; University of Sydney; CSIRO Plant Industry FX This study was funded by the Cotton Catchment Communities Cooperative Research Centre and the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures with further support from the University of Sydney and CSIRO Plant Industry. Thanks to Merry Errington, Nicola Cottee, Jo Price, Jono Cuell, Mitch Cuell, Martyn Tann, and Megan Smith in Narrabri for technical assistance. Special thanks to Jacob Sanchez in Lubbock for completing the fluorescence assay and Andrew Young in Lubbock for data sorting. We are grateful to Stephen Yeates for agronomic advice and providing the crop factor. Further thanks to Greg Constable, Michael Bange, Daniel Tan, Nicola Cottee, Jenny Clement, and Merry Errington for advice and reviewing the manuscript. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1828 EP 1836 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.11.0581 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900036 ER PT J AU Zhao, DL Glynn, NC Glaz, B Comstock, JC Johnson, RM AF Zhao, Duli Glynn, Neil C. Glaz, Barry Comstock, Jack C. Johnson, Richard M. TI Development of Leaf Spectral Models for Evaluating Large Numbers of Sugarcane Genotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; INDIRECT SELECTION; YIELD; PREDICTION; NITROGEN; LEAVES; WHEAT; INDEXES; BIOMASS AB Leaf reflectance has been used to estimate crop leaf chemical and physiological characteristics. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) leaf N, C, and chlorophyll levels are important traits for high yields and perhaps useful for genotype evaluation. The objectives of this study were to identify sugarcane genotypic variation in leaf hyperspectral reflectance, leaf chemical (chlorophyll, N, and C), and yield (juice sucrose content, commercial recoverable sucrose [CRS], cane yield in tonnes of cane per hectare [TCH], and sucrose yield in tonnes of sucrose per hectare [TSH]) traits and to determine relationships between leaf reflectance and these chemical and yield traits. In Stage II of the Canal Point, FL, sugarcane cultivar development program, we measured spectral reflectance and chemical traits on three leaves of the top visible dewlap from each of 87 genotypes in December 2008 and 208 and 124 genotypes in May, July, September, and October 2009 and 2010, respectively. Yield traits were determined on mature plants. Genotypic variation of leaf reflectance mainly occurred in 540 to 1200 nm. Leaf relative chlorophyll, N, C, and C to N ratio varied among genotypes and during the growing season. Highly significant calibrations were developed for leaf chemical traits using leaf reflectance (P < 0.0001). Correlations of juice sucrose, CRS, TCH, and TSH with leaf reflectance were poor. Measurement of leaf reflectance is a promising tool for estimating leaf chemical traits but not for predicting yield traits across a large number of diverse genotypes in early selection stages of a sugarcane breeding program. C1 [Zhao, Duli; Glynn, Neil C.; Glaz, Barry; Comstock, Jack C.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Johnson, Richard M.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Zhao, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM duli.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1837 EP 1847 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.01.0054 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900037 ER PT J AU Merewitz, EB Belanger, FC Warnke, SE Huang, BR AF Merewitz, Emily B. Belanger, Faith C. Warnke, Scott E. Huang, Bingru TI Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Linked to Drought Tolerance in a Colonial x Creeping Bentgrass Hybrid Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; DOLLAR SPOT RESISTANCE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; QTL ANALYSIS; CYTOKININ SYNTHESIS; WINTER HARDINESS; ABSCISIC-ACID; UPLAND RICE; PROTEIN; STRESS AB Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for drought tolerance will allow for detection of important genomic regions associated with specific drought tolerance traits. This study aimed to identify QTL for drought tolerance traits in a colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) x creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) hybrid backcross population. The traits included relative water content (RWC), turf quality (TQ), electrolyte leakage (EL), chlorophyll content (CHL), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and canopy temperature depression (CTD). A colonial x creeping bentgrass hybrid backcross population segregating for drought tolerance was exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation in three different locations or environmental conditions (two greenhouse studies in two different years, 2009 and 2010, and a growth chamber study in 2010). Phenotypic trait data were collected in these studies. Significant variation in the parents and the progenies occurred for phenotypic traits and the broad-sense heritability values indicated that the traits were polygenic in nature. A total of 32 potential QTL of varying effects (31 major and 1 minor) were detected on seven chromosomes. Significant overlap of QTL was found, particularly for CHL and CTD on 1A1, CTD, CHL, EL, and NDVI on linkage group 2A1, CTD and TQ on 2A2, TQ and RWC on 5A1 and 5A2, and TQ and CHL on 5A2. The QTL with the strongest effect for each trait (highest likelihood of the odds [LOD] and percent of phenotypic variance explained by the QTL) were CTD (4.19, 18.8%), CHL (4.23, 18.9%), EL (3.25, 14.9%), and NDVI (4.12, 22.4%) on group 2A1, RWC (3.27, 15.7%) on group 5A1, and TQ (4.38, 19.5%) on group 5A2. The analysis of potential genes in the QTL regions for these physiological traits indicate that the QTL may be linked to metabolic factors involved in N metabolism and energy metabolism such as photosynthesis and respiration. The QTL regions identified here could contain important genetic factors conferring drought tolerance in bentgrass species. C1 [Merewitz, Emily B.; Belanger, Faith C.; Huang, Bingru] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Warnke, Scott E.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, BR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM huang@aesop.rutgers.edu FU United States Golf Association; Rutgers Center of Turfgrass Science; United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service FX The authors express thanks to United States Golf Association, Rutgers Center of Turfgrass Science, and United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service for funding support of this research. Thanks also go to Dr. Stacy Bonos for us to use the MapQTL and JoinMAP program and technical assistance with the programs. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1891 EP 1901 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.01.0037 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900042 ER PT J AU Amundsen, K Brown, R Jung, G Warnke, S AF Amundsen, Keenan Brown, Rebecca Jung, Geunhwa Warnke, Scott TI Evaluation of Population Structure within Diploid Agrostis Germplasm Based on Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CREEPING BENTGRASS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; MARKERS; HYBRIDS AB The bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.) are valuable species to the turfgrass industry. The bentgrasses have complex genomes resulting from interspecific hybridization and polyploidization events. The New England Velvet Bentgrass collection along with diploid germplasm present in the National Plant Germplasm System represent the largest collections of publicly available diploid Agrostis germplasm within the United States. In the present study, 1225 miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE)-display genetic markers were used to assess the amount of genetic diversity within a collection of 181 diploid Agrostis selections. Structure v. 2.3.3 was used to determine population structure and suggests that five subpopulations best explain the genetic variation present within this germplasm. An analysis of molecular variance and principal coordinate analysis also supports the subgroupings defined by the Structure analysis. Nine selections were found to be genetically similar to Agrostis stolonifera L. and may be related to one of its diploid progenitors. Our improved understanding of the genetic diversity among these diploid selections, resulting from this study, will help Agrostis breeders transfer important traits from these unimproved selections for cultivar improvement. C1 [Amundsen, Keenan] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Brown, Rebecca] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Jung, Geunhwa] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Warnke, Scott] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Amundsen, K (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kamundsen2@unl.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1902 EP 1909 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.12.0669 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 965YY UT WOS:000305804900043 ER PT J AU Slavinski, S Humberg, L Lowney, M Simon, R Calvanese, N Bregman, B Kass, D Oleszko, W AF Slavinski, Sally Humberg, Lee Lowney, Martin Simon, Richard Calvanese, Neil Bregman, Brooke Kass, Daniel Oleszko, William TI Trap-Vaccinate-Release Program to Control Raccoon Rabies, New York, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ONTARIO; PENNSYLVANIA; INFECTION; MOVEMENTS; EFFICACY; DENSITY; CANADA AB In 2009, an outbreak of raccoon rabies in Central Park in New York City, New York, USA, infected 133 raccoons. Five persons and 2 dogs were exposed but did not become infected. A trap-vaccinate-release program vaccinated approximate to 500 raccoons and contributed to the end of the epizootic. C1 [Slavinski, Sally; Bregman, Brooke; Kass, Daniel; Oleszko, William] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Humberg, Lee; Lowney, Martin] USDA, Rockville, MD USA. [Simon, Richard] New York City Dept Pk & Recreat, New York, NY USA. [Calvanese, Neil] Cent Pk Conservancy, New York, NY USA. RP Slavinski, S (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 2 Gotham Ctr,CN 22A,42-09 28th St, Queens, NY 11101 USA. EM sslavins@health.nyc.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2012 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1170 EP 1172 DI 10.3201/eid1807.111485 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 969CZ UT WOS:000306034600025 PM 22709617 ER PT J AU Asah, ST Bengston, DN Westphal, LM AF Asah, Stanley T. Bengston, David N. Westphal, Lynne M. TI The Influence of Childhood: Operational Pathways to Adulthood Participation in Nature-Based Activities SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE childhood participation; nature-based activities; motivations; constraints mitigation ID STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; MISSING DATA; CONSTRAINT NEGOTIATION; LEISURE CONSTRAINTS; INNER-CITY; RECREATION; EXPERIENCE; VISITS; SCALES; IMPACT AB A conceptual and operational model examined relationships among childhood participation in nature-based activities, motivations, constraints, mitigation of constraints, and adult visits to Minnesota State Parks. The results support a model in which (a) higher childhood participation in nature-based activities increased motivation and mitigation strategies, (b) constraints decreased state park visitation and also triggered the use of mitigation strategies that in turn increased state park visits, and (c) higher levels of motivation improved efforts to negotiate constraints and visit more. Consistent with the main hypothesis, the more nature-based activities people participate in during childhood, the more they desire such activities and are able to mitigate constraints to participation, and consequently, the higher the level of participation, as an adult. The results suggest a rather indirect association between childhood participation in nature-based activities and adulthood participation in such activities. C1 [Asah, Stanley T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bengston, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Westphal, Lynne M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. RP Asah, ST (reprint author), Univ Washington, 201 Anderson Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stasah@uw.edu NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 44 IS 4 BP 545 EP 569 DI 10.1177/0013916510397757 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 968HT UT WOS:000305969100005 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Vodovnik, M Min, BR Pinchak, WE Krueger, NA Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, Robin C. Vodovnik, Masa Min, Byeng R. Pinchak, William E. Krueger, Nathan A. Harvey, Roger B. Nisbet, David J. TI Bactericidal effect of hydrolysable and condensed tannin extracts on Campylobacter jejuni in vitro SO FOLIA MICROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; CRANBERRY; PATHOGENS; HEALTH; ANTIBACTERIAL; RUMINANTS; NUTRITION; PHENOLICS; BILAYERS; GROWTH AB Strategies are sought to reduce intestinal colonisation of food-producing animals by Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness worldwide. Presently, we tested the antimicrobial activity of hydrolysable-rich blackberry, cranberry and chestnut tannin extracts and condensed tannin-rich mimosa, quebracho and sorghum tannins (each at 100 mg/mL) against C. jejuni via disc diffusion assay in the presence of supplemental casamino acids. We found that when compared to non-tannin-treated controls, all tested tannins inhibited the growth of C. jejuni and that inhibition by the condensed tannin-rich mimosa and quebracho extracts was mitigated in nutrient-limited medium supplemented with casamino acids. When tested in broth culture, both chestnut and mimosa extracts inhibited growth of C. jejuni and this inhibition was much greater in nutrient-limited than in full-strength medium. Consistent with observations from the disc diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of the condensed tannin-rich mimosa extracts but not the hydrolysable tannin-rich chestnut extracts was mitigated by casamino acid supplementation to the nutrient-limited medium, likely because the added amino acids saturated the binding potential of the condensed tannins. These results demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of various hydrolysable and condensed tannin-rich extracts against C. jejuni and reveal that condensed tannins may be less efficient than hydrolysable tannins in controlling C. jejuni in gut environments containing high concentrations of amino acids and soluble proteins. C1 [Anderson, Robin C.; Krueger, Nathan A.; Harvey, Roger B.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Vodovnik, Masa] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Anim Sci, Domzale, Slovenia. [Min, Byeng R.; Pinchak, William E.] Texas AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Robin.Anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-5632 J9 FOLIA MICROBIOL JI Folia Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s12223-012-0119-4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 968KQ UT WOS:000305980400002 PM 22528299 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Bowman, MJ Saha, BC Hector, R Berhow, MA Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, N. Bowman, M. J. Saha, B. C. Hector, R. Berhow, M. A. Cotta, M. A. TI Effect of cellulosic sugar degradation products (furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural) on acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii P260 SO FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Butanol; Acetone butanol ethanol (ABE); Productivity; Clostridium beijerinckii P260; Furfural; Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) ID RECOVERY; ACETOBUTYLICUM; PERFORMANCE; SOLVENTS AB Studies were performed to identify chemical compounds present in wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) that enhance acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) productivity. These compounds were identified as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). Control experiment resulted in the production of 21.38 g L-1 ABE with a productivity of 0.30 g L-1 h(-1). WSH contained 0.04-0.34 g L-1 furfural and 0.12-0.88 g L-1 HMF. Addition of furfural to the fermentation medium at a concentration of 0.50 g L-1 resulted in a productivity of 0.88 g L-1 h(-1) which is 293% of the productivity obtained in control experiments. Supplementation with 1.00 g L-1 HMF into the fermentation medium produced 25.27 g L-1 ABE with a productivity of 0.68 g L-1 h(-1). A combination of furfural (0.50 g L-1) and HMF (0.50 g L-1) also enhanced ABE production and productivity when added to the fermentation medium. Both furfural and HMF enhanced specific productivity (233-308%) of ABE. In brief, WSH contained an adequate concentration of furfural and HMF that enhanced ABE productivity, specific productivity, and product concentration. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Institution of Chemical Engineers. C1 [Qureshi, N.; Bowman, M. J.; Saha, B. C.; Hector, R.; Cotta, M. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Berhow, M. A.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Funct Foods Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 25 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0960-3085 J9 FOOD BIOPROD PROCESS JI Food Bioprod. Process. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS C3 BP 533 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.fbp.2011.09.002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 966TJ UT WOS:000305860000021 ER PT J AU Ostapkowicz, J Ramsey, CB Brock, F Higham, T Wiedenhoeft, AC Ribechini, E Lucejko, JJ Wilson, S AF Ostapkowicz, Joanna Ramsey, Christopher Bronk Brock, Fiona Higham, Tom Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. Ribechini, Erika Lucejko, Jeannette J. Wilson, Samuel TI Chronologies in wood and resin: AMS C-14 dating of pre-Hispanic Caribbean wood sculpture SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; Taino; Lucayan; Wood; Resin; Radiocarbon dating ID RADIOCARBON; PRETREATMENT AB This paper establishes a chronological framework for selected pieces of Caribbean (Taino/Lucayan) wooden sculpture, enabling previously ahistoric artefacts to fit back into the wider corpus of pre-colonial material culture. Seventy-two C-14 AMS determinations from 56 artefacts held in museum collections are reported, including 32 ceremonial duhos, or seats. Far from being constrained to the last few centuries prior to contact, the dates for these objects extend back to ca. AD 250, and include the artistic legacies of various cultures. Duhos in both low and high back styles are present from about AD 600, if not earlier, in a distribution that spans the Antillean island chain from Trinidad to Cuba. Complex, drug-related paraphernalia and elaborate ancestral reliquaries are in evidence by AD 1000, as are some distinctive regional styles such as the unique iconography from the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos islands. This paper explores relevant methodological issues from the challenges of working with museum pieces (e.g., uncertain provenance, discrete sampling techniques, impact of previous conservation treatments on dating results), to dealing with potential 'in-built' age in tropical hardwoods. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ostapkowicz, Joanna] World Museum Liverpool, Liverpool L3 8EN, Merseyside, England. [Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Brock, Fiona; Higham, Tom] Univ Oxford, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Wiedenhoeft, Alex C.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Wood Anat Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ribechini, Erika; Lucejko, Jeannette J.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Wilson, Samuel] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Ostapkowicz, J (reprint author), World Museum Liverpool, William Brown St, Liverpool L3 8EN, Merseyside, England. EM Joanna.Ostapkowicz@liverpoolmuseums.org.uk RI Lucejko, Jeannette/H-1585-2012; Bronk Ramsey, Christopher/A-3277-2012; Ribechini, Erika/M-7210-2014; Brock, Fiona/I-4970-2016 OI Ribechini, Erika/0000-0002-4978-2782; Brock, Fiona/0000-0003-0728-6091 FU Getty Foundation; British Academy FX This work was part of the 'Pre-Hispanic Caribbean Sculptural Arts in Wood' project funded by the Getty Foundation and British Academy, with administrative support by National Museums Liverpool (NML). The authors would like to thank the following museums for their involvement and for permissions to sample: Caribbean: Antiquities, Monuments and Museums Corporation, Nassau, Bahamas; Turks and Caicos National Museum, Grand Turk, TCI; National Gallery Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica; Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica; Museum of History, Anthropology and Art, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico; Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center, Ponce, Puerto Rico; Europe: Musee Barrois, Bar-le-Duc, and Musee du Quai Branly, Paris, France; Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Turin and Museum of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnology section, Florence, Italy; UK: Kew Economic Botany Collection, London; Sainsbury Centre for the Visual Arts, University of East Anglia, Norwich; Manchester Museum, Manchester, UK; USA: American Museum of Natural History, New York; Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; National Museum of the American Indian and National Museum of Natural History, Washington; Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven; Saint John's Abbey, Collegeville, Minnesota; St Louis Art Museum, Missouri. Tracey Seddon and Graham Usher, NML, assisted in the sampling and study of the Manchester and Kew Duhos. Rick Schulting, Lee Newsom and an anonymous reviewer all made insightful comments on an earlier version of this paper. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2238 EP 2251 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.035 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 966PH UT WOS:000305849400032 ER PT J AU Soder, KJ Brito, AF Rubano, MD Dell, CJ AF Soder, K. J. Brito, A. F. Rubano, M. D. Dell, C. J. TI Effect of incremental flaxseed supplementation of an herbage diet on methane output and ruminal fermentation in continuous culture SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flaxseed; herbage; in vitro fermentation; methane ID FATTY-ACID PROFILE; MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MILK-PRODUCTION; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; EXTRUDED LINSEED; RUMEN PROTOZOA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CRUDE LINSEED AB A. 4-unit dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to assess the effect of increasing flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation of an herbage-based diet on nutrient digestibility, microbial N synthesis, and methane (CH4) output. Treatments were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with 7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for data and sample collection. Treatments were 0, 5, 10, and 15% ground flaxseed supplementation of an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) diet [70 g of total dry matter (DM) fed daily]. Samples were collected from the fermentors 4 times daily at feeding (0730, 1030, 1400, and 1900 h) on d 8 to 10 of each of four 10-d periods and analyzed for pH, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acids. Gas samples for CH4 analysis were collected immediately before and. 1 and 2 h after the 0730 h feeding on d 8, 9, and 10 and at the 1400 h feeding on d 7, 8, and 9 of each period. Effluents were analyzed for DM, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber for determination of nutrient digestibilities, and for total purine concentration for estimation of microbial protein synthesis. Apparent DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities decreased linearly with increasing supplemental flaxseed, whereas true DM and organic matter digestibilities were not significantly affected by treatment, averaging 77.6 and 79.1%, respectively. Mean ruminal pH and concentration of total volatile fatty acids were not significantly affected by increasing the dietary concentration of flaxseed, averaging 6.68 and 55.9 mmol/L across treatments, respectively. However, molar proportions of acetate and propionate increased linearly, whereas those of butyrate and valerate decreased linearly with increasing flaxseed supplementation. Although CH4 output decreased linearly as supplemental flaxseed increased from 0 to 15% of diet DM, ammonia-N concentration, apparent crude protein digestibility, and microbial N synthesis did not differ across treatments. Incremental ground flaxseed supplementation of an herbage-based diet resulted in a corresponding decrease in CH4 output in a dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system. However, apparent nutrient digestibility also decreased with flaxseed supplementation, which, at the cow level, could result in decreased DM intake, milk production, or both. C1 [Soder, K. J.; Rubano, M. D.; Dell, C. J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brito, A. F.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Soder, KJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kathy.soder@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 7 BP 3961 EP 3969 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4981 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 960BN UT WOS:000305363100044 PM 22720950 ER PT J AU Godden, SM Smolenski, DJ Donahue, M Oakes, JM Bey, R Wells, S Sreevatsan, S Stabel, J Fetrow, J AF Godden, S. M. Smolenski, D. J. Donahue, M. Oakes, J. M. Bey, R. Wells, S. Sreevatsan, S. Stabel, J. Fetrow, J. TI Heat-treated colostrum and reduced morbidity in preweaned dairy calves: Results of a randomized trial and examination of mechanisms of effectiveness SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteria; colostrum; morbidity; heat-treatment ID LEUKOCYTES PROMOTES DEVELOPMENT; ADMINISTERED DUODENAL FLUID; NEONATAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; BOVINE COLOSTRUM; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; NEWBORN CALVES; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; HEIFERS; MILK AB A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted using 1,071 newborn calves from 6 commercial dairy farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin, with the primary objective being to describe the effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum on serum immunoglobulin G concentration and health in the preweaning period. A secondary objective was to complete a path analysis to identify intermediate factors that may explain how feeding heat-treated colostrum reduced the risk for illness. On each farm, colostrum was collected each day, pooled, and divided into 2 aliquots; then, one aliquot was heat-treated in a commercial batch pasteurizer at 60 C for 60 min. Samples of fresh and heat-treated colostrum were collected for standard microbial culture (total plate count and total coliform count, cfu/mL) and for measurement of immunoglobulin G concentrations (mg/mL). Newborn calves were removed from the dam, generally within 30 to 60 min of birth, and systematically assigned to be fed 3.8 L of either fresh (FR, n = 518) or heat-treated colostrum (HT, n = 553) within 2 h of birth. Venous blood samples were collected from calves between 1 and 7 d of age for measurement of serum IgG concentrations (mg/mL). All treatment and mortality events were recorded by farm staff between birth and weaning. Regression models found that serum IgG concentrations were significantly higher in calves fed HT colostrum (18.0 +/- 1.5 mg/mL) compared with calves fed FR colostrum (15.4 +/- 1.5 mg/ml). Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression indicated a significant increase in risk for a treatment event (any cause) in calves fed FR colostrum (36.5%, hazard ratio = 1.25) compared with calves fed HT colostrum (30.9%). In addition, we observed a significant increase in risk for treatment for scours in calves fed FR colostrum (20.7%, hazard ratio = 1.32) compared with calves fed HT colostrum (16.5%). Path analysis suggested that calves fed HT colostrum were at lower risk for illness because the heat-treatment process caused a significant reduction in colostrum total colifom count, which was associated with a reduced risk for illness as a function of improved serum IgG concentrations. C1 [Godden, S. M.; Donahue, M.; Bey, R.; Wells, S.; Sreevatsan, S.; Fetrow, J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smolenski, D. J.; Oakes, J. M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Stabel, J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Godden, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM godde002@umn.edu OI Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU USDA-CSREES FX This study was funded by a grant from the USDA-CSREES. The authors thank the owners and managers of the 6 dairy herds for their participation and support. We also thank Amber Hazel (College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota. St. Paul), Eb Ballinger (Cornell Veterinary Clinic, Cornell, WI), Jennifer Belz (Pierce Veterinary Clinic. Ellsworth, WI), and Katie Konkol (Mrdutt) (Bovine Veterinary Clinic. Ridge land, WI) for their technical assistance. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 7 BP 4029 EP 4040 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-5275 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 960BN UT WOS:000305363100051 PM 22720957 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Ehrlich, JL Null, DJ AF Cole, J. B. Ehrlich, J. L. Null, D. J. TI Short communication: Projecting milk yield using best prediction and the MilkBot lactation model SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE best prediction; lactation model; MilkBot ID COMMON HEALTH DISORDERS; PERSISTENCY AB The accuracy and precision of 3 lactation models was estimated by summarizing means and variability in projection error for next-test milk and actual 305-d milk yield (M305) for 50-d intervals in a large Dairy Herd Improvement Association data set. Lactations were grouped by breed (Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred) and parity (first vs. later). A smaller, single-herd data set with both Dairy Herd Improvement Association data and daily milk weights was used to compare M305 calculated from test-day data with M305 computed by summing daily milk weights. The lactation models tested were best prediction (BP), the nonlinear MilkBot (MB) model, and a null model (NM) based on a stepwise function. The accuracy of the models was ranked (best to worst) MB, BP, and NM for later-parity cows and MB, NM, and BP for first-parity cows, with MB achieving accuracy in projecting daily milk of 0.5 kg or better in most groups. The models generally showed better accuracy after 50 d in milk. Best prediction and NM had low accuracy for crossbred cows and first-parity Holstein and Jersey cows. The MB model appears to be more precise than BP, and NM had low precision, especially for M305. Regression of model-generated M305 on summed M305 showed BP and MB to be equally efficient in ranking lactations, but MB was better at quantifying differences. C1 [Cole, J. B.; Null, D. J.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ehrlich, J. L.] Dairy Vet Grp, Argyle, NY 12809 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.cole@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 FU Dairy Veterinarians Group (Argyle, NY) [58-3K95-9-1349-M]; US Department of Agriculture (Beltsville, MD) [58-3K95-9-1349-M] FX The cooperation of Dairy Records Management Systems (Raleigh, NC, and Ames, IA) and AgSource Cooperative Services (Madison, WI) in supplying lactation yield data is gratefully acknowledged. This research was conducted in support of Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 58-3K95-9-1349-M between Dairy Veterinarians Group (Argyle, NY) and the US Department of Agriculture (Beltsville, MD). The authors appreciate the comments of 2 anonymous reviewers that helped improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 7 BP 4041 EP 4044 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4905 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 960BN UT WOS:000305363100052 PM 22720958 ER PT J AU Parlato, E Van Vleck, LD AF Parlato, E. Van Vleck, L. D. TI Effect of parentage misidentification on estimates of genetic parameters for milk yield in the Mediterranean Italian buffalo population SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy buffalo; pedigree misidentification; heritability ID BREEDING VALUE; DAIRY-CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of parentage misidentification on estimation of genetic parameters for the Italian buffalo population for milk yield from 45,194 lactation records of 23,104 Italian buffalo cows. Animals were grouped into 10 data sets in which sires and dams were DNA identified, or reported from the pedigree, or unknown. A derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood method was used to estimate components of variance with a repeatability model. The model contained age at calving nested within parity and days from calving to conception as linear covariates, herd-year-seasons as fixed effects, and additive genetic, permanent environmental, and temporary environmental effects as random effects. Estimates of heritability (+/- SE) ranged from 0.00 +/- 0.099 (sires and darns as reported in the pedigree) to 0.39 +/- 0.094 (sires DNA identified and dams as reported in the pedigree). When identification of sires was as reported in the pedigree, estimates of heritability were close to zero. These small estimates indicate that a large proportion of reported paternity is incorrect. When sires are unknown and dams are DNA identified, the proportion of variance due to sires seems to he captured in the estimate of permanent environmental variance as a fraction of phenotypic variance. Therefore, as heritability decreased, permanent environmental variance increased about the same amount. Data sets with dams identified from pedigree and sires DNA identified showed the largest estimate of heritability (0.39), which was essentially the same as when clams were DNA identified (0.38). This result supports that most darns are correctly reported from the pedigree. Genetic progress should be much greater with bulls DNA identified because of greater heritability, but without artificial insemination and progeny testing, progress would be slow and would depend mostly on selection of sires based on darn estimated breeding values. Implementation of artificial insemination programs and DNA testing to identify sires are the keys for increasing genetic progress in the Italian buffalo population. C1 [Parlato, E.; Van Vleck, L. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Parlato, E.] Italian Buffalo Breeders Assoc, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. [Van Vleck, L. D.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Parlato, E (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM e.parlato@anasb.it NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 7 BP 4059 EP 4064 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4855 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 960BN UT WOS:000305363100056 PM 22720962 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Miller, RH Wright, JR Hutchison, JL Olson, KM AF Norman, H. D. Miller, R. H. Wright, J. R. Hutchison, J. L. Olson, K. M. TI Factors associated with frequency of abortions recorded through Dairy Herd Improvement test plans SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abortion; conception rate; haplotype; nonreturn rate ID COMPLEX VERTEBRAL MALFORMATION; UNITED-STATES; FETAL LOSS; CATTLE; HOLSTEIN; COWS; FERTILITY; MODEL; STILLBIRTH; DYSTOCIA AB Frequency of abortions recorded through Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) testing was summarized for cows with lactations completed from 2001 through 2009. For 8.5 million Dill lactations of cows that had recorded breeding dates and were > 151 d pregnant at lactation termination, the frequency of recorded abortions was 1.31%. Effects of year, herd-year, month, and pregnancy stage at lactation termination; parity; breed; milk yield; herd size; geographic region; and state within region associated with DHI-recorded abortion were examined. Abortions recorded through DHI (minimum gestation of 152 d required) were more frequent during early gestation; least squares means (LSM) were 4.38, 3.27, 1.19, and 0.59% for 152 to 175, 176 to 200, 201 to 225, and 226 to 250 d pregnant, respectively. Frequency of Dill-recorded abortions was 1.40% for parity 1 and 1.01% for parity >= 8. Abortion frequency was highest from May through August (1.42 to 1.53%) and lowest from October through February (1.09 to 1.21%). Frequency of DHI-recorded abortions was higher for Holsteins (1.32%) than for Jerseys (1.10%) and other breeds (1.27%). Little relationship was found between DHI-recorded abortions and herd size. Abortion frequencies for effects should be considered to be underestimated because many abortions, especially those caused by genetic recessives, go undetected. Therefore, various nonreturn rates (NRR; 60, 80, ... , 200 d) were calculated to document pregnancy loss confirmed by the absence of homozygotes in the population. Breeding records for April 2011 US Department of Agriculture sire conception rate evaluations were analyzed with the model used for official evaluations with the addition of an interaction between carrier status of the service sire (embryo's sire) and cow sire (embryo's maternal grandsire). Over 13 million matings were examined using various NRR for Holstein lethal recessive traits (brachyspina and complex vertebral malformation) and undesirable recessive haplotypes (HH1, HH2, and HH3) as well as > 61,000 matings for a Brown Swiss haplotype (BH1), and 670,000 matings for a Jersey haplotype (JH1). Over 80% of fertility loss occurred by 60 d after breeding for BH1, HH3, and JH1, by 80 d for HH2, by 100 d for BY, and by 180 d for HH1. For complex vertebral malformation, fertility loss increased from 40 to 74% across gestation. Association of undesirable recessives with DHI-recorded abortions ranged from 0.0% for Jerseys to 2.4% for Holsteins. C1 [Norman, H. D.; Miller, R. H.; Wright, J. R.; Hutchison, J. L.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Olson, K. M.] Natl Assoc Anim Breeders, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Duane.Norman@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 7 BP 4074 EP 4084 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4998 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 960BN UT WOS:000305363100058 PM 22720964 ER PT J AU Erbe, M Hayes, BJ Matukumalli, LK Goswami, S Bowman, PJ Reich, CM Mason, BA Goddard, ME AF Erbe, M. Hayes, B. J. Matukumalli, L. K. Goswami, S. Bowman, P. J. Reich, C. M. Mason, B. A. Goddard, M. E. TI Improving accuracy of genomic predictions within and between dairy cattle breeds with imputed high-density single nucleotide polymorphism panels SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genomic selection; multiple breeds ID GENETIC-RELATIONSHIP INFORMATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOTYPE IMPUTATION; RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; WIDE ASSOCIATION; MULTI-BREED; SELECTION; VALUES; POPULATIONS; INFERENCE AB Achieving accurate genomic estimated breeding values for dairy cattle requires a very large reference population of genotyped and phenotyped individuals. Assembling such reference populations has been achieved for breeds such as Holstein, but is challenging for breeds with fewer individuals. An alternative is to use a multibreed reference population, such that smaller breeds gain some advantage in accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) from information from larger breeds. However, this requires that marker-quantitative trait loci associations persist across breeds. Here, we assessed the gain in accuracy of GEBV in Jersey cattle as a result of using a combined Holstein and Jersey reference population, with either 39,745 or 624,213 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The surrogate used for accuracy was the correlation of GEBV with daughter trait deviations in a validation population. Two methods were used to predict breeding values, either a genomic BLUP (GBLIJP_mod), or a new method, BayesR, which used a mixture of normal distributions as the prior for SNP effects, including one distribution that set SNP effects to zero. The GBLUP_mod method scaled both the genomic relationship matrix and the additive relationship matrix to a base at the time the breeds diverged, and regressed the genomic relationship matrix to account for sampling errors in estimating relationship coefficients due to a finite number of markers, before combining the 2 matrices. Although these modifications did result in less biased breeding values for Jerseys compared with an unmodified genomic relationship matrix, BayesR gave the highest accuracies of GEBV for the 3 traits investigated (milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield), with an average increase in accuracy compared with GBLUP_mod across the 3 traits of 0.05 for both Jerseys and Holsteins. The advantage was limited for either Jerseys or Holsteins in using 624,213 SNP rather than 39,745 SNP (0.01 for Holsteins and 0.03 for Jerseys, averaged across traits). Even this limited and nonsignificant advantage was only observed when BayesR was used. An alternative panel, which extracted the SNP in the transcribed part of the bovine genome from the 624,213 SNP panel (to give 58,532 SNP), performed better, with an increase in accuracy of 0.03 for Jerseys across traits. This panel captures much of the increased genomic content of the 624,213 SNP panel, with the advantage of a greatly reduced number of SNP effects to estimate. Taken together, using this panel, a combined breed reference and using BayesR rather than GBLUP_mod increased the accuracy of GEBV in Jerseys from 0.43 to 0.52, averaged across the 3 traits. C1 [Hayes, B. J.; Bowman, P. J.; Reich, C. M.; Mason, B. A.; Goddard, M. E.] Dept Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Erbe, M.] Univ Gottingen, Dept Anim Sci, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. [Hayes, B. J.; Bowman, P. J.; Reich, C. M.; Mason, B. A.] Dairy Futures Cooperat Res Ctr, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Hayes, B. J.] La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Matukumalli, L. K.] USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Goswami, S.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Goddard, M. E.] Univ Melbourne, Fac Land & Food Resources, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Hayes, BJ (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. EM Ben.hayes@dpi.vic.gov.au RI Hayes, Ben/L-3308-2016; OI Hayes, Ben/0000-0002-5606-3970; Goddard, Michael/0000-0001-9917-7946 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bonn, Germany) within the AgroClustEr "Synbreed-Synergistic plant and animal breeding" [0315526] FX Parts of the analyses were carried out during a research stay of M. Erbe at the Department of Primary Industries in Victoria, Australia. This research was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bonn, Germany) within the AgroClustEr "Synbreed-Synergistic plant and animal breeding" (Funding identification: 0315526). NR 33 TC 164 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 7 BP 4114 EP 4129 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-5019 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 960BN UT WOS:000305363100062 PM 22720968 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Laird, DA Busscher, WJ AF Ippolito, James A. Laird, David A. Busscher, Warren J. TI Environmental Benefits of Biochar SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; MANURE; MECHANISMS; FERTILITY; CHARCOAL; FATE AB Understanding and improving environmental quality by reducing soil nutrient leaching losses, reducing bioavailability of environmental contaminants, sequestering C, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancing crop productivity in highly weathered or degraded soils, has been the goal of agroecosystem researchers and producers for years. Biochar, produced by pyrolysis of biomass, may help attain these goals. The desire to advance understanding of the environmental and agronomic implication of biochar utilization led to the organization of the 2010 American Society of Agronomy-Soil Science Society of America Environmental Quality Division session titled "Biochar Effects on the Environment and Agricultural Productivity." This specialized session and sessions from other biochar conferences, such as the 2010 U. S. Biochar Initiative and the Biochar Symposium 2010 are the sources for this special manuscript collection. Individual contributions address improvement of the biochar knowledge base, current information gaps, and future biochar research needs. The prospect of biochar utilization is promising, as biochars may be customized for specific environmental applications. C1 [Ippolito, James A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Laird, David A.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Busscher, Warren J.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 45 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 127 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 967 EP 972 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0151 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900001 PM 22751039 ER PT J AU Spokas, KA Cantrell, KB Novak, JM Archer, DW Ippolito, JA Collins, HP Boateng, AA Lima, IM Lamb, MC McAloon, AJ Lentz, RD Nichols, KA AF Spokas, Kurt A. Cantrell, Keri B. Novak, Jeffrey M. Archer, David W. Ippolito, James A. Collins, Harold P. Boateng, Akwasi A. Lima, Isabel M. Lamb, Marshall C. McAloon, Andrew J. Lentz, Rodrick D. Nichols, Kristine A. TI Biochar: A Synthesis of Its Agronomic Impact beyond Carbon Sequestration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROWAVE-INDUCED PYROLYSIS; WATER SLUDGE BIOCHAR; ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; BLACK CARBON; WASTE-WATER; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT-GROWTH; BIOMASS GASIFICATION AB Biochar has been heralded as an amendment to revitalize degraded soils, improve soil carbon sequestration, increase agronomic productivity, and enter into future carbon trading markets. However, scientific and economic technicalities may limit the ability of biochar to consistently deliver on these expectations. Past research has demonstrated that biochar is part of the black carbon continuum with variable properties due to the net result of production (e.g., feedstock and pyrolysis conditions) and postproduction factors (storage or activation). Therefore, biochar is not a single entity but rather spans a wide range of black carbon forms. Biochar is black carbon, but not all black carbon is biochar. Agronomic benefits arising from biochar additions to degraded soils have been emphasized, but negligible and negative agronomic effects have also been reported. Fifty percent of the reviewed studies reported yield increases after black carbon or biochar additions, with the remainder of the studies reporting alarming decreases to no significant differences. Hardwood biochar (black carbon) produced by traditional methods (kilns or soil pits) possessed the most consistent yield increases when added to soils. The universality of this conclusion requires further evaluation due to the highly skewed feedstock preferences within existing studies. With global population expanding while the amount of arable land remains limited, restoring soil quality to nonproductive soils could be key to meeting future global food production, food security, and energy supplies; biochar may play a role in this endeavor. Biochar economics are often marginally viable and are tightly tied to the assumed duration of agronomic benefits. Further research is needed to determine the conditions under which biochar can provide economic and agronomic benefits and to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these benefits. C1 [Spokas, Kurt A.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. [Spokas, Kurt A.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cantrell, Keri B.; Novak, Jeffrey M.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [Archer, David W.; Nichols, Kristine A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Ippolito, James A.; Lentz, Rodrick D.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. [Collins, Harold P.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Boateng, Akwasi A.; McAloon, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Lima, Isabel M.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Lamb, Marshall C.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Spokas, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. EM kurt.spokas@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 FU Minnesota Corn Growers Association/Minnesota Corn Research Production Council; Minnesota Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant program FX This manuscript is a joint product of the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biochar and Pyrolysis Initiative and GRACEnet programs. The USDA-ARS has established an integrated long-term research effort examining pyrolysis and biochar research at multiple locations across the United States, with various coordinated field and laboratory components (USDA Biochar and Pyrolysis Initiative). Some of the results from these USDA-ARS studies were included here. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge the partial funding from the Minnesota Corn Growers Association/Minnesota Corn Research Production Council and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant program. The authors also acknowledge the assistance of the anonymous reviewers who provided helpful suggestions on improvements to the manuscript. NR 221 TC 186 Z9 191 U1 24 U2 343 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 973 EP 989 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0069 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900002 PM 22751040 ER PT J AU Rogovska, N Laird, D Cruse, RM Trabue, S Heaton, E AF Rogovska, N. Laird, D. Cruse, R. M. Trabue, S. Heaton, E. TI Germination Tests for Assessing Biochar Quality SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS; SOIL; CARBON; BIOAVAILABILITY; SORPTION; MANURE; MINERALIZATION; PHENANTHRENE; EXTRACTION AB Definition, analysis, and certification of biochar quality are crucial to the agronomic acceptance of biochar. While most biochars have a positive impact on plant growth, some may have adverse effects due to the presence of phytotoxic compounds. Conversely, some biochars may have the ability to adsorb and neutralize natural phytotoxic compounds found in soil. We evaluated the effects of biochars on seedling growth and absorption of allelochemicals present in corn (Zea mays L.) residues. Corn seeds were germinated in aqueous extracts of six biochars produced from varied feedstocks, thermochemical processes, and temperatures. Percent germination and shoot and radicle lengths were evaluated at the end of the germination period. Extracts from the six biochars had no effect on percent germination; however, extracts from three biochars produced at high conversion temperatures significantly inhibited shoot growth by an average of 16% relative to deionized (DI) water. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in the aqueous extracts are believed to be at least partly responsible for the reduction in seedling growth. Repeated leaching of biochars before extract preparation eliminated the negative effects on seedling growth. Biochars differ significantly in their capacity to adsorb allelochemicals present in corn residues. Germination of corn seeds in extracts of corn residue showed 94% suppression of radicle growth compared to those exposed to DI water; however, incubation of corn residue extracts with leached biochar for 24 h before initiating the germination test increased radicle length 6 to 12 times compared to the corn residue extract treatments. Germination tests appear to be a reliable procedure to differentiate between effects of different types of biochar on corn seedling growth. C1 [Rogovska, N.; Laird, D.; Cruse, R. M.; Heaton, E.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Trabue, S.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rogovska, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM natashar@iastate.edu RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 56 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 82 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1014 EP 1022 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0103 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900005 PM 22751043 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Ippolito, JA AF Lentz, R. D. Ippolito, J. A. TI Biochar and Manure Affect Calcareous Soil and Corn Silage Nutrient Concentrations and Uptake SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BEANS PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; BLACK CARBON; ZEA-MAYS; CHARCOAL; NITROGEN; PLANTS; GROWTH; YIELD; AVAILABILITY; MECHANISMS AB Carbon-rich biochar derived from the pyrolysis of biomass can sequester atmospheric CO2, mitigate climate change, and potentially increase crop productivity. However, research is needed to confirm the suitability and sustainability of biochar application to different soils. To an irrigated calcareous soil, we applied stockpiled dairy manure (42 Mg ha(-1) dry wt) and hardwood-derived biochar (22.4 Mg ha(-1)), singly and in combination with manure, along with a control, yielding four treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied when needed (based on preseason soil test N and crop requirements) in all plots and years, with N mineralized from added manure included in this determination. Available soil nutrients (NH4-N; NO3-N; Olsen P; and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-extractable K, Mg, Na, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe), total C (TC), total N (TN), total organic C (TOC), and pH were evaluated annually, and silage corn nutrient concentration, yield, and uptake were measured over two growing seasons. Biochar treatment resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in available soil Mn and a 1.4-fold increase in TC and TOC, whereas manure produced a 1.2-to 1.7-fold increase in available nutrients (except Fe), compared with controls. In 2009 biochar increased corn silage B concentration but produced no yield increase; in 2010 biochar decreased corn silage TN (33%), S (7%) concentrations, and yield (36%) relative to controls. Manure produced a 1.3-fold increase in corn silage Cu, Mn, S, Mg, K, and TN concentrations and yield compared with the control in 2010. The combined biochar-manure effects were not synergistic except in the case of available soil Mn. In these calcareous soils, biochar did not alter pH or availability of P and cations, as is typically observed for acidic soils. If the second year results are representative, they suggest that biochar applications to calcareous soils may lead to reduced N availability, requiring additional soil N inputs to maintain yield targets. C1 [Lentz, R. D.; Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rick.lentz@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 63 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 83 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1043 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0126 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900007 PM 22751045 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Gaskin, JW Harris, K Das, KC Novak, JM Busscher, WJ Watts, DW Woodroof, RH Lima, IM Ahmedna, M Rehrah, D Xing, BS AF Schomberg, Harry H. Gaskin, Julia W. Harris, Keith Das, K. C. Novak, Jeff M. Busscher, Warren J. Watts, Don W. Woodroof, Robin H. Lima, Isabel M. Ahmedna, Mohamed Rehrah, Djaafar Xing, Baoshan TI Influence of Biochar on Nitrogen Fractions in a Coastal Plain Soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC NITROGEN; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CHARCOAL PRODUCTION; PINE FORESTS; MAIZE YIELD; MINERALIZATION; MATTER; AMENDMENTS; FERTILITY AB Interest in the use of biochar from pyrolysis of biomass to sequester C and improve soil productivity has increased; however, variability in physical and chemical characteristics raises concerns about effects on soil processes. Of particular concern is the effect of biochar on soil N dynamics. The effect of biochar on N dynamics was evaluated in a Norfolk loamy sand with and without NH4 NO3. High-temperature (HT) (>= 500 C) and low-temperature (LT) (<= 400 degrees C) biochars from peanut hull (Arachis hypogaea L.), pecan shell (Carya illinoinensis Wangenh. K. Koch), poultry litter (Gallus gallus domesticus), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and a fast pyrolysis hardwood biochar (450-600 degrees C) were evaluated. Changes in inorganic, mineralizable, resistant, and recalcitrant N fractions were determined after a 127-d incubation that included four leaching events. After 127 d, little evidence of increased inorganic N retention was found for any biochar treatments. The mineralizable N fraction did not increase, indicating that biochar addition did not stimulate microbial biomass. Decreases in the resistant N fraction were associated with the high pH and high ash biochars. Unidentified losses of N were observed with HT pecan shell, HT peanut hull, and HT and LT poultry litter biochars that had high pH and ash contents. Volatilization of N as NH3 in the presence of these biochars was confirmed in a separate short-term laboratory experiment. Th e observed responses to different biochars illustrate the need to characterize biochar quality and match it to soil type and land use. C1 [Schomberg, Harry H.; Woodroof, Robin H.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Gaskin, Julia W.; Harris, Keith; Das, K. C.] Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dep, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Novak, Jeff M.; Busscher, Warren J.; Watts, Don W.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Lab, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Lima, Isabel M.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Ahmedna, Mohamed; Rehrah, Djaafar] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Interdisciplinary Energy & Environm Program, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Plant Soil & Insect Sci Dep, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM harry.schomberg@ars.usda.gov OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 NR 58 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 80 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1095 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0133 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900012 PM 22751050 ER PT J AU Hass, A Gonzalez, JM Lima, IM Godwin, HW Halvorson, JJ Boyer, DG AF Hass, Amir Gonzalez, Javier M. Lima, Isabel M. Godwin, Harry W. Halvorson, Jonathan J. Boyer, Douglas G. TI Chicken Manure Biochar as Liming and Nutrient Source for Acid Appalachian Soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; LITTER BIOCHARS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BROILER LITTER; BY-PRODUCTS; ADSORPTION; PYROLYSIS; METALS AB Acid weathered soils oft en require lime and fertilizer application to overcome nutrient deficiencies and metal toxicity to increase soil productivity. Slow-pyrolysis chicken manure biochars, produced at 350 and 700 degrees C with and without subsequent steam activation, were evaluated in an incubation study as soil amendments for a representative acid and highly weathered soil from Appalachia. Biochars were mixed at 5, 10, 20, and 40 g kg(-1) into a Gilpin soil (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult) and incubated in a climate-controlled chamber for 8 wk, along with a nonamended control and soil amended with agronomic dolomitic lime (AgLime). At the end of the incubation, soil pH, nutrient availability (by Mehlich-3 and ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [AB-DTPA] extractions), and soil leachate composition were evaluated. Biochar effect on soil pH was process- and rate-dependent. Biochar increased soil pH from 4.8 to 6.6 at the high application rate (40 g kg(-1)), but was less effective than AgLime. Biochar produced at 350 degrees C without activation had the least effect on soil pH. Biochar increased soil Mehlich-3 extractable micro-and macronutrients. On the basis of unit element applied, increase in pyrolysis temperature and biochar activation decreased availability of K, P, and S compared to nonactivated biochar produced at 350 degrees C. Activated biochars reduced AB-DTPA extractable Al and Cd more than AgLime. Biochar did not increase NO3- in leachate, but increased dissolved organic carbon, total N and P,(PO43-)-P-3, SO42-, and K at high application rate (40 g kg(-1)). Risks of elevated levels of dissolved P may limit chicken manure biochar application rate. Applied at low rates, these biochars provide added nutritional value with low adverse impact on leachate composition. C1 [Hass, Amir] W Virginia State Univ, Gus R Douglass Land Grant Inst, Agr & Environm Res Stn, Institute, WV 25112 USA. [Hass, Amir; Gonzalez, Javier M.; Godwin, Harry W.; Halvorson, Jonathan J.; Boyer, Douglas G.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Lima, Isabel M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Hass, A (reprint author), W Virginia State Univ, Gus R Douglass Land Grant Inst, Agr & Environm Res Stn, Institute, WV 25112 USA. EM amirhass@wvstateu.edu NR 62 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 84 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1096 EP 1106 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0124 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900013 PM 22751051 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Novak, JM Busscher, WJ Ahmedna, BM Rehrah, D Watts, DW AF Ippolito, J. A. Novak, J. M. Busscher, W. J. Ahmedna, Busscher M. Rehrah, D. Watts, D. W. TI Switchgrass Biochar Affects Two Aridisols SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL AMENDMENT; BLACK CARBON; CHARCOAL; FERTILITY; MANURE; AVAILABILITY; FERRALSOL; YIELD AB The use of biochar has received growing attention because of its ability to improve the physicochemical properties of highly weathered Ultisols and Oxisols, yet very little research has focused on its effects in Aridisols. We investigated the effect of low or high temperature (250 or 500 degrees C) pyrolyzed switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biochar on two Aridisols. In a pot study, biochar was added at 2% w/w to a Declo loam (Xeric Haplocalcids) or to a Warden very fine sandy loam (Xeric Haplocambids) and incubated at 15% moisture content (by weight) for 127 d; a control (no biochar) was also included. Soils were leached with 1.2 to 1.3 pore volumes of deionized H2O on Days 34, 62, 92, and 127, and cumulative leachate Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, NO3-N, NO2-N, and NH4-N concentrations were quantified. On termination of the incubation, soils were destructively sampled for extractable Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Zn, NO3-N, and NH4-N, total C, inorganic C, organic C, and pH. Compared with 250 degrees C, the 500 degrees C pyrolysis temperature resulted in greater biochar surface area, elevated pH, higher ash content, and minimal total surface charge. For both soils, leachate Ca and Mg decreased with the 250 degrees C switchgrass biochar, likely due to binding by biochar's functional group sites. Both biochars caused an increase in leachate K, whereas the 500 degrees C biochar increased leachate P. Both biochars reduced leachate NO3-N concentrations compared with the control; however, the 250 degrees C biochar reduced NO3-N concentrations to the greatest extent. Easily degradable C, associated with the 250 degrees C biochar's structural make-up, likely stimulated microbial growth, which caused NO3-N immobilization. Soil-extractable K, P, and NO3-N followed a pattern similar to the leachate observations. Total soil C content increases were linked to an increase in organic C from the biochars. Cumulative results suggest that the use of switchgrass biochar prepared at 250 degrees C could improve environmental quality in calcareous soil systems by reducing nutrient leaching potential. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Novak, J. M.; Busscher, W. J.; Watts, D. W.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Ahmedna, Busscher M.; Rehrah, D.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dep Human Environm & Family Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0100 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900016 PM 22751054 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Cantrell, KB Hunt, PG Novak, JM Chang, SC AF Uchimiya, Minori Cantrell, Keri B. Hunt, Patrick G. Novak, Jeffrey M. Chang, SeChin TI Retention of Heavy Metals in a Typic Kandiudult Amended with Diff erent Manure-based Biochars SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; ACTIVATED CARBONS; CHICKEN MANURE; FAST PYROLYSIS; SOILS; ADSORPTION; COPPER; SEDIMENTS; PLANT; ACID AB Although nutrient-rich manure biochars are expected to be an effective heavy metal stabilizer in agricultural and contaminated soils, systematic studies are lacking to predict the influence of manure variety and pyrolysis temperature on metal-binding potentials. In this study, biochars produced from five manure varieties (dairy, paved feedlot, swine solids, poultry litter, and turkey litter) at two pyrolytic temperatures (350 and 700 degrees C) were examined for the stabilization of Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cd in a weathered, acidic Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudult). Equilibrium concentrations in the aqueous phase were determined for heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb) and additional selected elements (Na, P, S, Ca, Mg, Al, and K); these were analyzed by positive matrix factorization to quantitatively determine the factors responsible for the biochar's ability to bind the selected heavy metals in soil. Concurrently with the greatest increase in pH and highest equilibrium Na, S, and K concentrations, poultry litter, turkey litter, and feedlot 700 degrees C biochar exhibited the greatest heavy metal retention. In contrast, manure varieties containing disproportionately high (swine) and low (dairy) ash, P, and other elements were the least effective stabilizers. Regardless of the manure type, proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed the removal of leachable aliphatic and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic functional groups at the higher (700 degrees C) pyrolysis temperature. Consistently greater Cu retention by the 700 degrees C biochar indicated the mobilization of Cu by 350 degrees C biochar-born dissolved organic carbon; however, the influence of other temperature-dependent biochar characteristics cannot be ruled out. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Chang, SeChin] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cantrell, Keri B.; Hunt, Patrick G.; Novak, Jeffrey M.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 79 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1149 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0115 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900018 PM 22751056 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Strawn, DG Scheckel, KG Novak, JM Ahmedna, M Niandou, MAS AF Ippolito, J. A. Strawn, D. G. Scheckel, K. G. Novak, J. M. Ahmedna, M. Niandou, M. A. S. TI Macroscopic and Molecular Investigations of Copper Sorption by a Steam-Activated Biochar SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; SOIL; AMENDMENT; MOBILITY; COMPOST; CARBONS; MANURE; ACID AB Excessive Cu concentrations in water systems can negatively affect biological systems. Because Cu can form strong associations with organic functional groups, we examined the ability of biochar (an O-C-enriched organic bioenergy by-product) to sorb Cu from solution. In a batch experiment, KOH steam-activated pecan shell biochar was shaken for 24 h in pH 6, 7, 8, or 9 buffered solutions containing various Cu concentrations to identify the effect of pH on biochar Cu sorption. Afterward, all biochar solids from the 24-h shaking period were air-dried and analyzed using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to determine solid-phase Cu speciation. In a separate batch experiment, biochar was shaken for 30 d in pH 6 buffered solution containing increasing Cu concentrations; the Cu sorption maximum was calculated based on the exponential rise to a maximum equation. Biochar sorbed increasing amounts of Cu as the solution pH decreased from 9 to 6. The XAFS spectroscopy revealed that Cu was predominantly sorbed onto a biochar organic phase at pH 6 in a molecular structure similar to Cu adsorbed on model humic acid (Cu-humic acid [HA]). The XAFS spectra at pH 7, 8, and 9 suggested that Cu was associated with the biochar as three phases: (i) a complex adsorbed on organic ligands similar to Cu-HA, (ii) carbonate phases similar to azurite (Cu-3(CO3)(2)(OH2)), and (iii) a Cu oxide phase like tenorite (CuO). The exponential rise equation fit to the incubated samples predicted a Cu sorption maximum of 42,300 mg Cu kg(-1). Th e results showed that KOH steam-activated pecan shell biochar could be used as a material for sorbing excess Cu from water systems, potentially reducing the negative effects of Cu in the environment. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Strawn, D. G.] Univ Idaho, Dep Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Scheckel, K. G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Novak, J. M.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Ahmedna, M.; Niandou, M. A. S.] N Carolina A&T Univ, Dep Human Environm & Family Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Strawn, Daniel/B-6936-2012; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1156 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0113 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900019 PM 22751057 ER PT J AU Streubel, JD Collins, HP Tarara, JM Cochran, RL AF Streubel, Jason D. Collins, Harold P. Tarara, Julie M. Cochran, Rebecca L. TI Biochar Produced from Anaerobically Digested Fiber Reduces Phosphorus in Dairy Lagoons SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FLY-ASH; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; POTENTIAL BIOAVAILABILITY; PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; REMOVING PHOSPHORUS; MANURE; WATER; SLAG AB This study evaluated the use of biochar produced from anaerobic digester dairy fiber (ADF) to sequester phosphorus (P) from dairy lagoons. The ADF was collected from a plugged flow digester, air-dried to <8% water content, and pelletized. Biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis in a barrel retort. The potential of biochar to reduce P in the anaerobic digester effluent (ADE) was assessed in small-scale filter systems through which the effluent was circulated. Biochar sequestered an average of 381 mg L-1 P from the ADE, and 4 g L-1 ADF was captured as a coating on the biochar. There was an increase of total (1.9 g kg(-1)), Olsen (763 mg kg(-1)), and water-extractable P (914 mg kg(-1)) bound to the biochar after 15 d of filtration. This accounted for a recovery of 32% of the P in the ADE. The recovered P on the biochar was analyzed using P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance for P speciation, which confirmed the recovery of inorganic orthophosphate after liquid extraction of the biochar and the presence of inextractable Ca-P in the solid state. The inorganic phosphate was sequestered on the biochar through physical and weak chemical bonding. Results indicate that biochar could be a beneficial component to P reduction in the dairy system. C1 [Streubel, Jason D.] Convoy Hope, Springfield, MO 65803 USA. [Collins, Harold P.; Cochran, Rebecca L.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Tarara, Julie M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Streubel, JD (reprint author), Convoy Hope, 330 S Patterson, Springfield, MO 65803 USA. EM jstreubel@convoyofhope.org FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the EMSL facility FX The authors would like to thank the effort of Dr. Sarah Burton for her technical support at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Richland, WA. We also acknowledge that part of this research was conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the EMSL facility under a public access user grant. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 62 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1166 EP 1174 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0131 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900021 PM 22751059 ER PT J AU Jeong, CY Wang, JJ Dodla, SK Eberhardt, TL Groom, L AF Jeong, Chang Yoon Wang, Jim J. Dodla, Syam K. Eberhardt, Thomas L. Groom, Les TI Effect of Biochar Amendment on Tylosin Adsorption-Desorption and Transport in Two Different Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; WASTE-WATER; MOBILITY; SORPTION; MANURE; OXYTETRACYCLINE; BIOAVAILABILITY; METRONIDAZOLE; ENVIRONMENT; OLAQUINDOX AB The role of biochar as a soil amendment on the adsorption-desorption and transport of tylosin, a macrolide class of veterinary antibiotic, is little known. In this study, batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption kinetics and transport of tylosin in forest and agricultural corn field soils amended with hardwood and softwood biochars. Tylosin adsorption was rapid at initial stages, followed by slow and continued adsorption. Amounts of adsorption increased as the biochar amendment rate increased from 1 to 10%. For soils with the hardwood biochar, tylosin adsorption was 10 to 18% higher than that when using the softwood biochar. Adsorption kinetics was well described by Elovich equation (r(2) >= 0.921). As the percent of biochar was increased, the rates of initial reactions were generally increased, as indicated by increasing alpha value at low initial tylosin concentration, whereas the rates during extended reaction times were generally increased, as indicated by decreasing beta value at high initial tylosin concentration. A considerably higher amount of tylosin remained after desorption in the corn field soil than in the forest soil regardless of the rate of biochar amendment, which was attributed to the high pH and silt content of the former. The breakthrough curves of tylosin showed that the two soils with biochar amendment had much greater retardation than those of soils without biochar. The CXTFIT model for the miscible displacement column study described well the peak arrival time as well as the maximum concentration of tylosin breakthrough curves but showed some underestimation at advanced stages of tylosin leaching, especially in the corn field soil. Overall, the results indicate that biochar amendments enhance the retention and reduce the transport of tylosin in soils. C1 [Jeong, Chang Yoon; Wang, Jim J.; Dodla, Syam K.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Groom, Les] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Ctr Agr, 104 Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jjwang@agcenter.lsu.edu RI Dodla, Syam/D-9954-2013 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 16 U2 109 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1192 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0166 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900023 PM 22751061 ER PT J AU Walker, CW Watson, JE Williams, C AF Walker, Charles W. Watson, John E. Williams, Clinton TI Occurrence of Carbamazepine in Soils under Different Land Uses Receiving Wastewater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; IRRIGATED SOILS; SURFACE WATERS; CLOFIBRIC ACID; PHARMACEUTICALS; BIOSOLIDS; DRUGS; FATE; DICLOFENAC AB Due to its resistance to many wastewater treatment processes, the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is routinely found in wastewater effluent. Wastewater irrigation is an alternative to stream discharge of wastewater effluent, which utilizes the soil as a tertiary filter to remove excess nutrients and has the potential to remove pharmaceutical compounds. Previous data suggest that CBZ is strongly sorbed to soil; however, it is unknown what its fate is for long periods of irrigation and if land use affects its distribution. Therefore, the objectives of our research were to characterize CBZ concentrations in soils that have been receiving wastewater irrigation for >25 yr under three different land uses: cropped, grassed, and forested. Triplicate soil cores were collected at each of the land uses to a depth of 120 cm. Extractions for CBZ were performed using 5-g soil samples and 20 mL of acetonitrile. The extracted solutions were analyzed on a liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer. The samples were also analyzed for supporting information such as organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity. Results suggest that there is accumulation of the CBZ in the surface soils, which have the highest organic carbon content. Average concentrations of CBZ in the surface soils were 4.92, 2.9, and 1.92 ng g(-1), for the forested, grassed, and cropped land uses, respectively. The majority of the CBZ was found in the upper 30 cm of the profile. Our results suggest that the soils adsorb CBZ and slow its movement into groundwater, compared to the movement of nonadsorbed chemicals. C1 [Walker, Charles W.; Watson, John E.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Williams, Clinton] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Walker, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM cwwalker@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1263 EP 1267 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0193 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900032 PM 22751070 ER PT J AU Qu, WJ Breksa, AP Pan, ZL Ma, HL Mchugh, TH AF Qu, Wenjuan Breksa, Andrew P., III Pan, Zhongli Ma, Haile Mchugh, Tara H. TI Storage Stability of Sterilized Liquid Extracts from Pomegranate Peel SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; phenolic compounds; pomegranate; storage stability ID PUNICA-GRANATUM PEEL; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC COMPOSITION; STRAWBERRY JUICE; ANTHOCYANINS; COLOR; EXPRESSION; DIGESTION; QUALITY; MARC AB Pomegranate marc, a byproduct of commercial juice production, has shown promise as a starting material for the recovery of health promoting phenolic compounds. The stability of aqueous extracts prepared from pomegranate marc was evaluated in preparation to directly using these extracts as nutraceuticals or food additives. The liquid extracts were produced under extraction conditions of 25 degrees C, water to peel ratio of 50 : 1 (w/w) for 2 min, and then sterilized at 121 degrees C for 10 s. Storage conditions tested included 3 different pH values (3.5, 5.0, and 7.0) and 2 packaging methods (no light and exposure to light). The extracts were evaluated for industrial (pH, total soluble solid content, and clarity), color, spectral, and antioxidant characteristics over a period of 180 d. The results showed that both pH value and packaging method significantly influenced the industrial and color characteristics of the extracts. The high pH had a negative effect on spectral and antioxidant characteristics. Therefore, the recommended storage conditions are low pH and with dark packaging to maintain the high storage stability. After 180 d of storage, extracts stored at low pH (3.5) in dark packaging still retained 67% and 58% of their total soluble phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity, compared with 61% and 43% for high pH (7.0) samples, and were composed of high concentrations of punicalagins A and B, gallic, and ellagic acids. Practical Application: The present research developed an effective recovery of phenolic compounds from pomegranate marc to be used as nutraceuticals or food additives. The aqueous extract product has good quality characteristics with high industrial and color stability, and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, when stored at pH 3.5 in dark packaging for up to 180 d. The evaluation results of storage stability reported here are important for commercialization. C1 [Qu, Wenjuan; Pan, Zhongli; Ma, Haile] Jiangsu Univ, Food & Biol Engn Coll, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China. [Breksa, Andrew P., III; Mchugh, Tara H.] USDA ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Jiangsu Univ, Food & Biol Engn Coll, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China. EM quwenjuan2005@yahoo.com.cn; zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-41000-063-00, 5325-41430-011-00D]; Jiangsu Univ. [10JDG121]; Postdoctoral Funds of Jiangsu Univ.; Jiangsu Province, P.R. China [1101039C] FX This research was conducted at the Western Regional Research Center of USDA-ARS and Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif., U. S. A. The authors wish to thank the POM Wonderful LLC for providing the pomegranate marc materials, and Don Olson for preparing the pomegranate samples. This study was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project nr 5325-41000-063-00 and 5325-41430-011-00D. The authors also wish to extend our appreciation for the supports provided by the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Senior Professional Research Start-up Fund of Jiangsu Univ. (10JDG121), and for Postdoctoral Funds of Jiangsu Univ. and Jiangsu Province (1101039C), P.R. China. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 77 IS 7 BP C765 EP C772 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02779.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 968JM UT WOS:000305975700028 PM 22757697 ER PT J AU Gunduz, GT Niemira, BA Gonul, SA Karapinar, M AF Gunduz, Gulten Tiryaki Niemira, Brendan A. Gonul, Sahika Aktug Karapinar, Mehmet TI Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil on Iceberg Lettuce with Different Attachment Conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; essential oil; lettuce; salmonella; vegetables ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FRESH PRODUCE; INOCULUM SIZE; SANITIZERS; EFFICACY; WATER; MICROORGANISMS; INACTIVATION AB In this study, the antimicrobial activity of oregano oil was investigated under different attachment conditions of Salmonella spp. to iceberg lettuce. Inoculated lettuce was either not dried or dried for 30 min, 60 min, or 120 min, under either static air or moving air. Washing iceberg lettuce with 500 ppm oregano oil for 1, 5, and 10 min reduced the population of Salmonella spp. by (respectively) 1.3, 1.65, and 2.28 log cfu/g following the most challenging inoculation conditions, an inoculum drying period of 2 h under moving air. Across all inoculation conditions, increasing the treatment time significantly increased the reductions in the populations of Salmonella spp. (P < 0.05). Browning and softening of the lettuce leaf surface was observed after 10 min of treatment with oregano oil. For each treatment time, attachment times and drying under static compared with moving air did not significantly affect the antimicrobial efficacy of the various oregano oil treatments (P > 0.05). The results obtained in this study suggest that oregano oil can effectively reduce populations of Salmonella attached to lettuce leaf surfaces. Practical Application: The use of essential oils as an antimicrobial treatment can help to ensure the safety of leafy green products. As used in this study, oregano oil effectively reduced Salmonella spp., even after the pathogen had dried onto the lettuce leaves. Treatments that incorporate oregano oil therefore hold promise as a biocide treatment for process and packaged lettuce. C1 [Niemira, Brendan A.] ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Gunduz, Gulten Tiryaki; Gonul, Sahika Aktug; Karapinar, Mehmet] Ege Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Food Engn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Brendan.Niemira@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 77 IS 7 BP M412 EP M415 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02759.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 968JM UT WOS:000305975700023 PM 22757714 ER PT J AU Johanningsmeier, SD Franco, W Perez-Diaz, I McFeeters, RF AF Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. Franco, Wendy Perez-Diaz, Ilenys McFeeters, Roger F. TI Influence of Sodium Chloride, pH, and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Anaerobic Lactic Acid Utilization during Fermented Cucumber Spoilage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lactic acid degradation; Lactobacillus buchneri; reduced salt; spoilage biochemistry; vegetable fermentation ID SP-NOV.; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; PROPIONIBACTERIUM; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; VEGETABLES; BUCHNERI AB Cucumbers are preserved commercially by natural fermentations in 5% to 8% sodium chloride (NaCl) brines. Occasionally, fermented cucumbers spoil after the primary fermentation is complete. This spoilage has been characterized by decreases in lactic acid and a rise in brine pH caused by microbial instability. Objectives of this study were to determine the combined effects of NaCl and pH on fermented cucumber spoilage and to determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) spoilage isolates to initiate lactic acid degradation in fermented cucumbers. Cucumbers fermented with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% NaCl were blended into slurries (FCS) and adjusted to pH 3.2, 3.8, 4.3, and 5.0 prior to centrifugation, sterile-filtration, and inoculation with spoilage organisms. Organic acids and pH were measured initially and after 3 wk, 2, 6, 12, and 18 mo anaerobic incubation at 25 degrees C. Anaerobic lactic acid degradation occurred in FCS at pH 3.8, 4.3, and 5.0 regardless of NaCl concentration. At pH 3.2, reduced NaCl concentrations resulted in increased susceptibility to spoilage, indicating that the pH limit for lactic acid utilization in reduced NaCl fermented cucumbers is 3.2 or lower. Over 18 mo incubation, only cucumbers fermented with 6% NaCl to pH 3.2 prevented anaerobic lactic acid degradation by spoilage bacteria. Among several LAB species isolated from fermented cucumber spoilage, Lactobacillus buchneri was unique in its ability to metabolize lactic acid in FCS with concurrent increases in acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol. Therefore, L. buchneri may be one of multiple organisms that contribute to development of fermented cucumber spoilage. Practical Application: Microbial spoilage of fermented cucumbers during bulk storage causes economic losses for producers. Current knowledge is insufficient to predict or control these losses. This study demonstrated that in the absence of oxygen, cucumbers fermented with 6% sodium chloride to pH 3.2 were not subject to spoilage. However, lactic acid was degraded by spoilage microorganisms in reduced salt, even with pH as low as 3.2. Efforts to reduce salt in commercial brining operations will need to include control measures for this increased susceptibility to spoilage. Lactobacillus buchneri was identified as a potential causative agent and could be used as a target in development of such control measures. C1 [Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D.; Perez-Diaz, Ilenys; McFeeters, Roger F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Franco, Wendy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27698 USA. RP Johanningsmeier, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, 322 Schaub Hall,Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM suzanne.johanningsmeier@ars.usda.gov FU Pickle Packers International Inc., Washington, DC FX The authors wish to express gratitude to Mrs. Janet S. Hayes, Mrs. Jane Caldwell, Ms. Emily Thorpe, and Dr. Fred Breidt, Jr. for assistance with the identification of lactic acid bacteria from spoilage samples. We also gratefully acknowledge that this investigation was partially supported by Pickle Packers International Inc., Washington, DC. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 77 IS 7 BP M397 EP M404 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02780.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 968JM UT WOS:000305975700021 PM 22757713 ER PT J AU Ravishankar, S Jaroni, D Zhu, LB Olsen, C McHugh, T Friedman, M AF Ravishankar, Sadhana Jaroni, Divya Zhu, Libin Olsen, Carl McHugh, Tara Friedman, Mendel TI Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on Ham and Bologna Using Pectin-Based Apple, Carrot, and Hibiscus Edible Films Containing Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial films; bologna; carvacrol; cinnamaldehyde; food safety; ham; Listeria monocytogenes ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; COOKED HAM; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Edible films can be used as wrapping material on food products to reduce surface contamination. The incorporation of antimicrobials into edible films could serve as an additional barrier against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms that contaminate food surfaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, incorporated into apple, carrot, and hibiscus-based edible films against Listeria monocytogenes on contaminated ham and bologna. Ham or bologna samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes and dried for 30 min, then surface wrapped with edible films containing the antimicrobials at various concentrations. The inoculated, film-wrapped samples were stored at 4 degrees C. Samples were taken at day 0, 3, and 7 for enumeration of surviving L. monocytogenes by plating on appropriate media. Carvacrol films showed better antimicrobial activity than cinnamaldehyde films. Compared to control films without antimicrobials, films with 3% carvacrol induced 1 to 3, 2 to 3, and 2 to 3 log CFU/g reductions on ham and bologna at day 0, 3, and 7, respectively. Corresponding reductions with 1.5% carvacrol were 0.5 to 1, 1 to 1.5, and 1 to 2 logs, respectively. At day 7, films with 3% cinnamaldehyde reduced L. monocytogenes population by 0.5 to 1.5 and 0.5 to 1.0 logs on ham and bologna, respectively. Inactivation by apple films was greater than that by carrot or hibiscus films. Apple films containing 3% carvacrol reduced L. monocytogenes population on ham by 3 logs CFU/g on day 0 which was 1 to 2 logs greater than that by carrot and hibiscus films. Films were more effective on ham than on bologna. The food industry and consumers could use these films to control surface contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. Practical Application: Antimicrobial edible, food-compatible film wraps prepared from apples, carrots, and hibiscus calyces can be used by the food industry to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes on widely consumed ready to eat meat products such as bologna and ham. This study provides a scientific basis for large-scale application of edible fruit- and vegetable-based antimicrobial films on foods to improve microbial food safety. C1 [Ravishankar, Sadhana; Zhu, Libin] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jaroni, Divya] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Olsen, Carl; McHugh, Tara; Friedman, Mendel] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Univ. of Arizona; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-35200117409] FX We thank the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Univ. of Arizona for financial support. Research was also supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant 2006-35200117409. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 77 IS 7 BP M377 EP M382 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02751.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 968JM UT WOS:000305975700018 PM 22671718 ER PT J AU Berhow, MA Affum, AO Gyan, BA AF Berhow, Mark A. Affum, Andrews Obeng Gyan, Ben A. TI Rosmarinic Acid Content in Antidiabetic Aqueous Extract of Ocimum canum Sims Grown in Ghana SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Article DE anti-diabetic drug; aluminum(III) chloride method; flavonoids; Folin-Ciocalteu method; HPLC-ESI-MS; leaves; Ocimum canum Sims; polyphenol profile; rosmarinic acid; thin layer chromatography ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAFFEIC ACID; PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESSENTIAL OIL; ANTIOXIDANT; POLYPHENOLS; SPECTROSCOPY; OFFICINALIS; VEGETABLES AB Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an important antioxidant polyphenol that is found in a variety of spices and herbs, including Ocimum canum Sims (locally called eme or akokobesa in Ghana). Aqueous extracts from the leaves of O. canum are used as an antidiabetic herbal medicine in Ghana. Analytical thin-layer chromatography was used to examine the composition of the polyphenols in leaf extracts. The polyphenol content in the aqueous and methanol extracts from the leaf, as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, were 314 and 315 mg gallic acid equivalent/g leaf sample, respectively. The total flavonoid concentration as determined by the aluminum(III) chloride method was 135 mg catechin equivalent/g leaf sample. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer was also used to determine the polyphenol fingerprint profile in the leaf extracts of O. canum. Although the average RA concentration in the O. canum leaf extracts from Ghana was 1.69 mg/g dry weight (reported values range from 0.01 to 99.62 mg/g dry weight), this polyphenol was still a prominent peak in addition to caffeic acid derivatives. C1 [Affum, Andrews Obeng] Ghana Atom Energy Commiss, Natl Nucl Res Inst, Dept Chem, Accra, Ghana. [Gyan, Ben A.] Ghana Atom Energy Commiss, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Dept Immunol, Accra, Ghana. [Berhow, Mark A.] USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Affum, AO (reprint author), Ghana Atom Energy Commiss, Natl Nucl Res Inst, Dept Chem, POB LG 80, Legon, Ghana. EM aaffum1@hotmail.com NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD JUL PY 2012 VL 15 IS 7 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1089/jmf.2011.0278 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 966LL UT WOS:000305839000004 PM 22663161 ER PT J AU Pearce, MB Belser, JA Gustin, KM Pappas, C Houser, KV Sun, XJ Maines, TR Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Pearce, Melissa B. Belser, Jessica A. Gustin, Kortney M. Pappas, Claudia Houser, Katherine V. Sun, Xiangjie Maines, Taronna R. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Protects against 1918 Spanish Influenza Virus Infection in Ferrets SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 H5N3 VACCINE; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SWINE-ORIGIN 2009; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IN-VITRO; A VIRUS; H1N1 AB The influenza virus H1N1 pandemic of 1918 was one of the worst medical catastrophes in human history. Recent studies have demonstrated that the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the 1918 virus and 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus [A(H1N1)pdm09], the latter now a component of the seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV), share cross-reactive antigenic determinants. In this study, we demonstrate that immunization with the 2010-2011 seasonal TIV induces neutralizing antibodies that cross-react with the reconstructed 1918 pandemic virus in ferrets. TIV-immunized ferrets subsequently challenged with the 1918 virus displayed significant reductions in fever, weight loss, and virus shedding compared to these parameters in nonimmune control ferrets. Seasonal TIV was also effective in protecting against the lung infection and severe lung pathology associated with 1918 virus infection. Our data demonstrate that prior immunization with contemporary TIV provides cross-protection against the 1918 virus in ferrets. These findings suggest that exposure to A(H1N1)pdm09 through immunization may provide protection against the reconstructed 1918 virus which, as a select agent, is considered to pose both biosafety and biosecurity threats. C1 [Pearce, Melissa B.; Belser, Jessica A.; Gustin, Kortney M.; Pappas, Claudia; Houser, Katherine V.; Sun, Xiangjie; Maines, Taronna R.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Houser, Katherine V.] Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Grad Program Immunol & Mol Pathogenesis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 86 IS 13 BP 7118 EP 7125 DI 10.1128/.JVI.00674-12 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 961XA UT WOS:000305501600010 PM 22553323 ER PT J AU Josset, L Belser, JA Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Chang, JH Chang, ST Belisle, SE Tumpey, TM Katze, MG AF Josset, Laurence Belser, Jessica A. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Chang, Jean H. Chang, Stewart T. Belisle, Sarah E. Tumpey, Terrence M. Katze, Michael G. TI Implication of Inflammatory Macrophages, Nuclear Receptors, and Interferon Regulatory Factors in Increased Virulence of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza A Virus after Host Adaptation SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL-INFECTIONS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; TNF-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; MICE; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MECHANISMS AB While pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A viruses were responsible for numerous severe infections in humans, these viruses do not typically cause corresponding severe disease in mammalian models. However, the generation of a virulent 2009 H1N1 virus following serial lung passage in mice has allowed for the modeling of human lung pathology in this species. Genetic determinants of mouse-adapted 2009 H1N1 viral pathogenicity have been identified, but the molecular and signaling characteristics of the host response following infection with this adapted virus have not been described. Here we compared the gene expression response following infection of mice with A/CA/04/2009 (CA/04) or the virulent mouse-adapted strain (MA-CA/04). Microarray analysis revealed that increased pathogenicity of MA-CA/04 was associated with the following: (i) an early and sustained inflammatory and interferon response that could be driven in part by interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and increased NF-kappa B activation, as well as inhibition of the negative regulator TRIM24, (ii) early and persistent infiltration of immune cells, including inflammatory macrophages, and (iii) the absence of activation of lipid metabolism later in infection, which may be mediated by inhibition of nuclear receptors, including PPARG and HNF1A and -4A, with proinflammatory consequences. Further investigation of these signatures in the host response to other H1N1 viruses of various pathogenicities confirmed their general relevance for virulence of influenza virus and suggested that lung response to MA-CA/04 virus was similar to that following infection with lethal H1n1 r1918 influenza virus. This study links differential activation of IRFs, nuclear receptors, and macrophage infiltration with influenza virulence in vivo. C1 [Josset, Laurence; Chang, Jean H.; Chang, Stewart T.; Belisle, Sarah E.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Belser, Jessica A.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Katze, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu RI Josset, Laurence/A-7960-2015 OI Josset, Laurence/0000-0002-7158-1186 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200800060C] FX This project was funded in part by federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract HHSN272200800060C (to M.G.K.). NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 86 IS 13 BP 7192 EP 7206 DI 10.1128/JVI.00563-12 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 961XA UT WOS:000305501600017 PM 22532695 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Levey, DJ Kwit, C Mccarty, JP Pearson, SF Sargent, S Kilgo, J AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Levey, Douglas J. Kwit, Charles Mccarty, John P. Pearson, Scott F. Sargent, Sarah Kilgo, John TI Long-Term Patterns of Fruit Production in Five Forest Types of the South Carolina Upper Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; clearcut regeneration; Coastal Plain forest; fruit; pine plantation; Savannah River Site; soft mast; timber harvest; upland hardwoods; wildlife food ID WARBLERS DENDROICA-CORONATA; BIRD-DISPERSED SHRUB; SOFT MAST; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; POSTFLEDGING PERIOD; AUTUMN MIGRATION; HABITAT USE; ABUNDANCE; APPALACHIANS; ECOLOGY AB Fleshy fruit is a key food resource for many vertebrates and may be particularly important energy source to birds during fall migration and winter. Hence, land managers should know how fruit availability varies among forest types, seasons, and years. We quantified fleshy fruit abundance monthly for 9 years (1995-2003) in 56 0.1-ha plots in 5 forest types of South Carolina's upper Coastal Plain, USA. Forest types were mature upland hardwood and bottomland hardwood forest, mature closed-canopy loblolly (Pinus taeda) and longleaf pine (P. palustris) plantation, and recent clearcut regeneration harvests planted with longleaf pine seedlings. Mean annual number of fruits and dry fruit pulp mass were highest in regeneration harvests (264,592 +/- 37,444 fruits; 12,009 +/- 2,392 g/ha), upland hardwoods (60,769 +/- 7,667 fruits; 5,079 +/- 529 g/ha), and bottomland hardwoods (65,614 +/- 8,351 fruits; 4,621 +/- 677 g/ha), and lowest in longleaf pine (44,104 +/- 8,301 fruits; 4,102 +/- 877 g/ha) and loblolly (39,532 +/- 5,034 fruits; 3,261 +/- 492 g/ha) plantations. Fruit production was initially high in regeneration harvests and declined with stand development and canopy closure (1995-2003). Fruit availability was highest June-September and lowest in April. More species of fruit-producing plants occurred in upland hardwoods, bottomland hardwoods, and regeneration harvests than in loblolly and longleaf pine plantations. Several species produced fruit only in 1 or 2 forest types. In sum, fruit availability varied temporally and spatially because of differences in species composition among forest types and age classes, patchy distributions of fruiting plants both within and among forest types, fruiting phenology, high inter-annual variation in fruit crop size by some dominant fruit-producing species, and the dynamic process of disturbance-adapted species colonization and decline, or recovery in recently harvested stands. Land managers could enhance fruit availability for wildlife by creating and maintaining diverse forest types and age classes. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Greenberg, Cathryn H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Levey, Douglas J.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kwit, Charles] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mccarty, John P.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Pearson, Scott F.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Res Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Sargent, Sarah] Audubon Penn, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. [Kilgo, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us RI McCarty, John/E-9797-2011 OI McCarty, John/0000-0002-6278-5451 FU U.S. Forest Service [SU96-43-F]; Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River [DE-IA09-76SR00056] FX We thank J. I. Blake and the U.S. Forest Service for long-term logistical and financial support of this study (No. SU96-43-F; D. J. L. and C. H. G., PIs). Support was also provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-IA09-76SR00056. K. Borgmann, A. Brinton, R. Busser, C. Deppe, T. Hargrave-Roof, N. Khalil, M. Reiskind, C. Renk, and E. Uramkin assisted with fruit surveys. A. Poole provided soils information for plots. B. Parresol provided statistical guidance and review. T. L. Keyser, T. Fearer, G. Roloff, and 3 anonymous reviewers helped improve earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1046 DI 10.1002/jwmg.343 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000019 ER PT J AU Hatlestad, GJ Sunnadeniya, RM Akhavan, NA Gonzalez, A Goldman, IL McGrath, JM Lloyd, AM AF Hatlestad, Gregory J. Sunnadeniya, Rasika M. Akhavan, Neda A. Gonzalez, Antonio Goldman, Irwin L. McGrath, J. Mitchell Lloyd, Alan M. TI The beet R locus encodes a new cytochrome P450 required for red betalain production SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TABLE BEET; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; CLONING; 5-O-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM; VECTORS; PLANTS; L. AB Anthocyanins are red and violet pigments that color flowers, fruits and epidermal tissues in virtually all flowering plants. A single order, Caryophyllales, contains families in which an unrelated family of pigments, the betalains, color tissues normally pigmented by anthocyanins(1). Here we show that CYP76AD1 encoding a novel cytochrome P450 is required to produce the red betacyanin pigments in beets. Gene silencing of CYP76AD1 results in loss of red pigment and production of only yellow betaxanthin pigment. Yellow betalain mutants are complemented by transgenic expression of CYP76AD1, and an insertion in CYP76AD1 maps to the R locus(2,3) that is responsible for yellow versus red pigmentation. Finally, expression of CYP76AD1 in yeast verifies its position in the betalain biosynthetic pathway. Thus, this cytochrome P450 performs the biosynthetic step that provides the cyclo-DOPA moiety of all red betacyanins. This discovery will contribute to our ability to engineer this simple, nutritionally valuable pathway(4) into heterologous species. C1 [Hatlestad, Gregory J.; Sunnadeniya, Rasika M.; Akhavan, Neda A.; Gonzalez, Antonio; Lloyd, Alan M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Goldman, Irwin L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McGrath, J. Mitchell] ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. [McGrath, J. Mitchell] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lloyd, AM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lloyd@uts.cc.utexas.edu FU USDA [2008-01111]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [MCB-1122179] FX The authors dedicate this manuscript to Tom Mabry and thank him for inspiration. The authors thank K. Keller for help with pigment analysis. This work was supported by USDA grant 2008-01111 and US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant MCB-1122179. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 12 U2 70 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 44 IS 7 BP 816 EP U130 DI 10.1038/ng.2297 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 967DP UT WOS:000305886900019 PM 22660548 ER PT J AU Dror, DK Allen, LH AF Dror, Daphna K. Allen, Lindsay H. TI Interventions with Vitamins B6, B12 and C in Pregnancy SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE vitamin B6; vitamin B12; cobalamin; vitamin C; pregnancy ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ASCORBIC-ACID; E SUPPLEMENTATION; PYRIDOXINE SUPPLEMENTATION; FOLIC-ACID; MATERNAL NUTRITION; PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY AB The water-soluble vitamins B6, B12 and C play important roles in maternal health as well as fetal development and physiology during gestation. This systematic review evaluates the risks and benefits of interventions with vitamins B6, B12 and C during pregnancy on maternal, neonatal and child health and nutrition outcomes. Relevant publications were identified by searching PubMed, Popline and Web of Science databases. Meta-analyses were conducted for outcomes where results from at least three controlled trials were available. Potential benefits of vitamin B6 supplementation were reduction in nausea and vomiting, improvement in dental health, and treatment of some cases of anaemia. In meta-analysis based on three small studies, vitamin B6 supplementation had a significant positive effect on birthweight (d = 217 g [95% confidence interval (CI) 130, 304]). Interventions with vitamin C alone or combined with vitamin E did not systematically reduce the incidence of pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. In meta-analyses, vitamins C and E increased the risk of pregnancy-related hypertension (relative risk 1.10 [95% CI 1.02, 1.19]). Effects of vitamin B6 or C intervention on other neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birthweight, and perinatal morbidity and mortality, were not significant. Data on child health outcomes were lacking. Despite the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency amongst populations with limited intake of animal source foods, no intervention trials have evaluated vitamin B12 supplementation before or during pregnancy. In conclusion, existing evidence does not justify vitamin C supplementation during pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to confirm positive effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on infant birthweight and other outcomes. While vitamin B12 supplementation may reduce the incidence of neural tube defects in the offspring based on theoretical considerations, research is needed to support this hypothesis. C1 [Dror, Daphna K.] ARS, Allen Lab, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dror, DK (reprint author), ARS, Allen Lab, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkdror@ucdavis.edu NR 128 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 26 SU 1 SI SI BP 55 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01277.x PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 965UV UT WOS:000305793700005 PM 22742602 ER PT J AU Coulston, JW Moisen, GG Wilson, BT Finco, MV Cohen, WB Brewer, CK AF Coulston, John W. Moisen, Gretchen G. Wilson, Barry T. Finco, Mark V. Cohen, Warren B. Brewer, C. Kenneth TI Modeling Percent Tree Canopy Cover: A Pilot Study SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; BETA REGRESSION; FOREST INVENTORY; DATABASE; BIOMASS; US; CARBON; AREA AB Tree canopy cover is a fundamental component of the landscape, and the amount of cover influences fire behavior, air pollution mitigation, and carbon storage. As such, efforts to empirically model percent tree canopy cover across the United States are a critical area of research. The 2001 national-scale canopy cover modeling and mapping effort was completed in 2006, and here we present results from a pilot study for a 2011 product. We examined the influence of two different modeling techniques (random forests and beta regression), two different Landsat imagery normalization processes, and eight different sampling intensities across five different pilot areas. We found that random forest out-performed beta regression techniques and that there was little difference between models developed based on the two different normalization techniques. Based on these results we present a prototype study design which will test canopy cover modeling approaches across a broader spatial scale. C1 [Coulston, John W.] US Forest Serv, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Moisen, Gretchen G.] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Wilson, Barry T.] US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Finco, Mark V.] Red Castle Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brewer, C. Kenneth] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Coulston, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM jcoulston@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis; USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center FX Support for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis national techniques research group and the USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center. The author's also thank Chris King (US Forest Service) for a technical edit of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 78 IS 7 BP 715 EP 727 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 969HZ UT WOS:000306047600009 ER PT J AU Liu, N Guo, QF AF Liu, Nan Guo, Qinfeng TI Resource-use efficiencies of three indigenous tree species planted in resource islands created by shrubs: implications for reforestation of subtropical degraded shrublands SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nurse plant; Resource accumulation; Restoration; Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ID NURSE PLANT; SOIL; FERTILITY; DESERT; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; HETEROGENEITY; FACILITATION; ARGENTINA AB Shrub resource islands are characterized by resources accumulated shrubby areas surrounded by relative barren soils. This research aims to determine resource-use efficiency of native trees species planted on shrub resource islands, and to determine how the planted trees may influence the resource islands in degraded shrublands in South China. Shrub (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) resource islands were left unplanted or were planted with 0.5-year-old indigenous tree species Schima superba, Castanopsis fissa, and Michelia macclurei. The results indicate that, after 2.5 years, the tree seedlings did not modify the physical traits (light, air temperature, and soil water) but tended to increase soil nutrients (soil organic carbon and soil nitrogen) and soil microbial biomass of the resource islands. Relative to S. superba and M. macclurei, C. fissa had greater effects on soil nutrients and microbial biomass but showed lower plant growth, survival, and resource-use efficiencies (for water, light, energy, and nitrogen). These results rejected our initial assumption that shrub resource islands would effectively promote the growth and resource utility of all the indigenous tree species and shorten the reforestation course in subtropical degraded shrubland. C. fissa performed poorly when growing on shrub resource islands, but its role in soil nutrient accumulation might have long-term impacts on the restoration of degraded shrubland. In contrast, S. superba and M. macclurei could make better use of the shrub resource islands therefore accelerating the construction of native plantations. C1 [Liu, Nan] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA FS Eastern Forest Threat Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Liu, N (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM liunan@scbg.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30901148] FX This research was financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30901148). The authors are grateful to their colleagues in Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest Ecosystems, especially to Zhifang Lin, Hai Ren, and Long Yang for suggestive comments, to Lanlan Guan, Zhongyu Sun, and Zhipeng Chen for field assistances. The authors are also thankful to the English editing work by Bruce Jaffee and suggestions by the two anonymous reviewers on the early version of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 213 IS 7 BP 1177 EP 1185 DI 10.1007/s11258-012-0075-8 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 968BQ UT WOS:000305952400011 ER PT J AU Lu, SY Zhao, HY Des Marais, DL Parsons, EP Wen, XX Xu, XJ Bangarusamy, DK Wang, GC Rowland, O Juenger, T Bressan, RA Jenks, MA AF Lu, Shiyou Zhao, Huayan Des Marais, David L. Parsons, Eugene P. Wen, Xiaoxue Xu, Xiaojing Bangarusamy, Dhinoth K. Wang, Guangchao Rowland, Owen Juenger, Thomas Bressan, Ray A. Jenks, Matthew A. TI Arabidopsis ECERIFERUM9 Involvement in Cuticle Formation and Maintenance of Plant Water Status SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; CUTICULAR WAX BIOSYNTHESIS; RETICULUM STRESS-RESPONSE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; GUARD-CELL; BARRIER PROPERTIES AB Mutation of the ECERIFERUM9 (CER9) gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) causes elevated amounts of 18-carbon-length cutin monomers and a dramatic shift in the cuticular wax profile (especially on leaves) toward the very-long-chain free fatty acids tetracosanoic acid (C-24) and hexacosanoic acid (C-26). Relative to the wild type, cer9 mutants exhibit elevated cuticle membrane thickness over epidermal cells and cuticular ledges with increased occlusion of the stomatal pore. The cuticular phenotypes of cer9 are associated with delayed onset of wilting in plants experiencing water deficit, lower transpiration rates, and improved water use efficiency measured as carbon isotope discrimination. The CER9 protein thus encodes a novel determinant of plant drought tolerance-associated traits, one whose deficiency elevates cutin synthesis, redistributes wax composition, and suppresses transpiration. Map-based cloning identified CER9, and sequence analysis predicted that it encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase homologous to yeast Doa10 (previously shown to target endoplasmic reticulum proteins for proteasomal degradation). To further elucidate CER9 function, the impact of CER9 deficiency on interactions with other genes was examined using double mutant and transcriptome analyses. For both wax and cutin, cer9 showed mostly additive effects with cer6, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase1 (lacs1), and lacs2 and revealed its role in early steps of both wax and cutin synthetic pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the cer9 mutation affected diverse cellular processes, with primary impact on genes associated with diverse stress responses. The discovery of CER9 lays new groundwork for developing novel cuticle-based strategies for improving the drought tolerance and water use efficiency of crop plants. C1 [Lu, Shiyou; Zhao, Huayan; Bangarusamy, Dhinoth K.; Wang, Guangchao; Bressan, Ray A.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Chem & Life Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Des Marais, David L.; Juenger, Thomas] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Parsons, Eugene P.; Xu, Xiaojing; Bressan, Ray A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wen, Xiaoxue; Rowland, Owen] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Wen, Xiaoxue; Rowland, Owen] Carleton Univ, Inst Biochem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Jenks, Matthew A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Lu, SY (reprint author), King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Chem & Life Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. EM shiyou.lu@kaust.edu.sa OI Rowland, Owen/0000-0002-2752-2584 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation [DEB-0618347]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (National Institute of Food and Agriculture Biomass Research and Development Initiative) FX This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery grant to O.R.), the National Science Foundation (grant no. DEB-0618347 to T.J.), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (National Institute of Food and Agriculture Biomass Research and Development Initiative grant to M.A.J.). NR 53 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3 BP 930 EP 944 DI 10.1104/pp.112.198697 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 968DU UT WOS:000305958000006 PM 22635115 ER PT J AU Jiang, K Frick-Cheng, A Trusov, Y Delgado-Cerezo, M Rosenthal, DM Lorek, J Panstruga, R Booker, FL Botella, JR Molina, A Ort, DR Jones, AM AF Jiang, Kun Frick-Cheng, Arwen Trusov, Yuri Delgado-Cerezo, Magdalena Rosenthal, David M. Lorek, Justine Panstruga, Ralph Booker, Fitzgerald L. Botella, Jose Ramon Molina, Antonio Ort, Donald R. Jones, Alan M. TI Dissecting Arabidopsis G beta Signal Transduction on the Protein Surface SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; ALPHA-SUBUNIT GPA1; ABSCISIC-ACID; SEED-GERMINATION; NECROTROPHIC PATHOGENS; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; GAMMA-SUBUNITS; CELL-DIVISION; THALIANA AB The heterotrimeric G-protein complex provides signal amplification and target specificity. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) G beta-subunit of this complex (AGB1) interacts with and modulates the activity of target cytoplasmic proteins. This specificity resides in the structure of the interface between AGB1 and its targets. Important surface residues of AGB1, which were deduced from a comparative evolutionary approach, were mutated to dissect AGB1-dependent physiological functions. Analysis of the capacity of these mutants to complement well-established phenotypes of G beta-null mutants revealed AGB1 residues critical for specific AGB1-mediated biological processes, including growth architecture, pathogen resistance, stomata-mediated leaf-air gas exchange, and possibly photosynthesis. These findings provide promising new avenues to direct the finely tuned engineering of crop yield and traits. C1 [Jiang, Kun; Frick-Cheng, Arwen; Jones, Alan M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jones, Alan M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Trusov, Yuri; Botella, Jose Ramon] Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Delgado-Cerezo, Magdalena; Molina, Antonio] Univ Politecn Madrid, Ctr Biotecnol & Genom Plantas, E-28223 Madrid, Spain. [Rosenthal, David M.; Ort, Donald R.] USDA, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, Agr Res Unit, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lorek, Justine; Panstruga, Ralph] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Biol 1, Unit Plant Mol Cell Biol, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol & Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Jones, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alan_jones@unc.edu RI Panstruga, Ralph/F-3340-2011; Rosenthal, David/C-9559-2012; Botella, Jose (Jimmy)/D-9766-2011; Molina, Antonio /G-9789-2015 OI Panstruga, Ralph/0000-0002-3756-8957; Rosenthal, David/0000-0002-4822-5861; Botella, Jose (Jimmy)/0000-0002-4446-3432; Molina, Antonio /0000-0003-3137-7938 FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM065989]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0723515, MCB-0718202]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB670]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [BIO2009-07161]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05er15671] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant no. R01GM065989 to A.M.J.), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. MCB-0723515 and MCB-0718202 to A.M.J.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. SFB670 to R. P.), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grant no. BIO2009-07161 to A. M. and a Ph.D. fellowship to M. D.-C.), the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (to F. L. B.), and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-05er15671 to A.M.J.). NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3 BP 975 EP 983 DI 10.1104/pp.112.196337 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 968DU UT WOS:000305958000009 PM 22570469 ER PT J AU Barry, CS Aldridge, GM Herzog, G Ma, Q McQuinn, RP Hirschberg, J Giovannoni, JJ AF Barry, Cornelius S. Aldridge, Georgina M. Herzog, Gal Ma, Qian McQuinn, Ryan P. Hirschberg, Joseph Giovannoni, James J. TI Altered Chloroplast Development and Delayed Fruit Ripening Caused by Mutations in a Zinc Metalloprotease at the lutescent2 Locus of Tomato SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MADS-BOX GENE; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; STRESS-RESPONSE; GREEN-FLESH; MUTANT; ARABIDOPSIS; PLAYS; CHLOROPHYLL; CLEAVAGE AB The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in higher plants but also functions as the center of synthesis for primary and specialized metabolites including amino acids, fatty acids, starch, and diverse isoprenoids. Mutants that disrupt aspects of chloroplast function represent valuable tools for defining structural and biochemical regulation of the chloroplast and its interplay with whole-plant structure and function. The lutescent1 (l1) and l2 mutants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) possess a range of chlorophyll-deficient phenotypes including reduced rates of chlorophyll synthesis during deetiolation and enhanced rates of chlorophyll loss in leaves and fruits as they age, particularly in response to high-light stress and darkness. In addition, the onset of fruit ripening is delayed in lutescent mutants by approximately 1 week although once ripening is initiated they ripen at a normal rate and accumulation of carotenoids is not impaired. The l2 locus was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 10 and positional cloning revealed the existence of a premature stop codon in a chloroplast-targeted zinc metalloprotease of the M50 family that is homologous to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene ETHYLENE-DEPENDENT GRAVITROPISM DEFICIENT AND YELLOW-GREEN1. Screening of tomato germplasm identified two additional l2 mutant alleles. This study suggests a role for the chloroplast in mediating the onset of fruit ripening in tomato and indicates that chromoplast development in fruit does not depend on functional chloroplasts. C1 [Barry, Cornelius S.; Ma, Qian] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Aldridge, Georgina M.; McQuinn, Ryan P.; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Herzog, Gal; Hirschberg, Joseph] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [McQuinn, Ryan P.; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barry, CS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM barrycs@msu.edu RI Barry, Cornelius/D-7759-2012; OI Barry, Cornelius/0000-0003-4685-0273 FU Michigan State University; Michigan AgBioResearch; National Science Foundation [IOS-0923312, DBI0606595]; Israel Science Foundation [1685/09, EU-FP7 METAPRO 244348]; Hughes Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by startup funds from Michigan State University and Michigan AgBioResearch (to C. S. B.), the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program (grant nos. IOS-0923312 and DBI0606595 to J.J.G.), the Israel Science Foundation (grant nos. 1685/09 and EU-FP7 METAPRO 244348 to J.H.), and a Hughes Undergraduate Research Fellowship (to G.M.A.). NR 68 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3 BP 1086 EP 1098 DI 10.1104/pp.112.197483 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 968DU UT WOS:000305958000018 PM 22623517 ER PT J AU Doherr, MG Calavas, D Cameron, A Dufour, B Greiner, M Gustafson, L Hoinville, L Knopf, L Roger, F Stark, KDC Salman, MD AF Doherr, M. G. Calavas, D. Cameron, A. Dufour, B. Greiner, M. Gustafson, L. Hoinville, L. Knopf, L. Roger, F. Staerk, K. D. C. Salman, M. D. TI First international conference on animal health surveillance (ICAHS) Preface SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Doherr, M. G.] Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Vet Publ Hlth Inst, CH-3097 Bern, Switzerland. [Dufour, B.] Natl Alfort Vet Sch, Maisons Alfort, France. [Greiner, M.] Berlin & Vet Univ Hannover, Fed Inst Risk Assessment BfR, Hannover, Germany. [Gustafson, L.] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hoinville, L.] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Knopf, L.] World Org Anim Hlth OIE, Paris, France. [Roger, F.] CIRAD, AGIRs Res Unit, Montpellier, France. [Staerk, K. D. C.] Univ London Royal Vet Coll, London, England. [Salman, M. D.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Doherr, MG (reprint author), Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Vet Publ Hlth Inst, Schwarzenburgstr 155, CH-3097 Bern, Switzerland. EM marcus.doherr@vetsuisse.unibe.ch RI Greiner, Matthias/D-2812-2013; Staerk, Katharina/M-4186-2013; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 OI Greiner, Matthias/0000-0003-4974-5970; Staerk, Katharina/0000-0002-0553-5499; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 105 IS 3 SI SI BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.03.014 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 966TQ UT WOS:000305860700001 PM 22541250 ER PT J AU McColley, SD Tyers, DB Sowell, BF AF McColley, Samuel D. Tyers, Daniel B. Sowell, Bok F. TI Aspen and Willow Restoration Using Beaver on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE land cover; riparian areas; ungulate herbivory ID CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM; HERBIVORY; FOREST; ELK AB Aspen (Populus tremuloides) on the northern Yellowstone winter range has declined over the last half-century. Beaver (Castor canadensis) were reintroduced in Eagle Creek in 1991 in an attempt to reverse this trend. In 2005, we assessed the efficacy of this project by quantifying the long-term effects of beaver on aspen stands and the riparian area in this drainage. Between 1990 and 2005, the canopy cover of mature aspen decreased more than 62%, whereas immature aspen cover more than tripled, resulting in a total aspen canopy cover decrease (p < 0.05) from 43 to 25% (a loss of 7.25 ha). Willow canopy cover increased from 10 to 14% during the same period. The impacts of beaver on aspen stands were estimated by comparing vegetative changes among control sites with less than 10% beaver use (n = 5), active beaver sites (n = 6), sites inactive for 13 years (n = 7), sites inactive for 46 years (n = 4), and sites inactive for 711 years (n = 5). Aspen sprout and sapling densities were greater (p = 0.01) on sites which were active and inactive for 13 years compared to the other sites. Aspen ramets were not able to grow taller than 2 m on sites without beaver activity for 411 years due to ungulate herbivory. Although beaver stimulated the growth of aspen sprouts and saplings, ungulate herbivory prevented successful aspen recovery in the Eagle Creek drainage of the northern Yellowstone winter range 14 years after beaver reintroduction. C1 [Sowell, Bok F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [McColley, Samuel D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Tyers, Daniel B.] US Forest Serv, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, No Rockies Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Sowell, BF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Anim Biosci Bldg,POB 172900, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bok@montana.edu FU Gardiner Ranger District, US Forest Service; USDA Remote Sensing Application Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank the editors of Restoration Ecology for all of their suggestions. Changes suggested by Charles Kay and another anonymous reviewer greatly improved the article. This study was supported by the Gardiner Ranger District, US Forest Service, the USDA Remote Sensing Application Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Dick Ohman and Gerry Bennett provided financial assistance. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00792.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968TI UT WOS:000306007300004 ER PT J AU Thaxton, JM Cordell, S Cabin, RJ Sandquist, DR AF Thaxton, Jarrod M. Cordell, Susan Cabin, Robert J. Sandquist, Darren R. TI Non-Native Grass Removal and Shade Increase Soil Moisture and Seedling Performance during Hawaiian Dry Forest Restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bulldozing; invasive species; shade structures; supplemental watering; tropical dry forest; weeding ID UNGULATE EXCLUSION; EXOTIC GRASSES; TREE; ESTABLISHMENT; GERMINATION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; PANAMA AB Invasive non-native species can create especially problematic restoration barriers in subtropical and tropical dry forests. Native dry forests in Hawaii presently cover less than 10% of their original area. Many sites that historically supported dry forest are now completely dominated by non-native species, particularly grasses. Within a grass-dominated site in leeward Hawaii, we explored the mechanisms by which non-native Pennisetum setaceum, African fountain grass, limits seedlings of native species. We planted 1,800 seedlings of five native trees, three native shrubs, and two native vines into a factorial field experiment to examine the effects of grass removal (bulldozed vs. clipped plus herbicide vs. control), shade (60% shade vs. full sun), and water (supplemental vs. ambient) on seedling survival, growth, and physiology. Both grass removal and shade independently increased survival and growth, as well as soil moisture. Seedling survival and relative growth rate were also significantly dependent on soil moisture. These results suggest that altering soil moisture may be one of the primary mechanisms by which grasses limit native seedlings. Grass removal increased foliar nitrogen content of seedlings, which resulted in an increase in leaf-level photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency. Thus in the absence of grasses, native species showed increased productivity and resource acquisition. We conclude that the combination of grass removal and shading may be an effective approach to the restoration of degraded tropical dry forests in Hawaii and other ecologically similar ecosystems. C1 [Thaxton, Jarrod M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Thaxton, Jarrod M.; Cordell, Susan] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cabin, Robert J.] Brevard Coll, Div Sci & Math, Brevard, NC 28712 USA. [Sandquist, Darren R.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. RP Thaxton, JM (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM jarrod.thaxton@upr.edu FU USDA NRI [2002-00631] FX We thank Kamehameha Schools and the North Kona Dryland Forest Working Group (especially Y. Yarber-Carter and R. Harris) for site access and logistical support. Special thanks to R. Sopkin and V. Velez-Thaxton for their help throughout the project. C. Cole, J. Funk, N. Cervin, C. Litton, M. Ching, B. Paritosh, S. Brooks, and M. Higashi helped with fieldwork. Outplanting was conducted by volunteers from the U. S. Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hawaii Natural Area Reserves, Hawaii Community College, and Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden. Seedlings were provided by D. Goo, B. Kiyabu, and P. van Dyke. Funding was provided by USDA NRI Grant 2002-00631 to R. J. C., S. C., and D. R. S. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the final version of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00793.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968TI UT WOS:000306007300007 ER PT J AU Birdsall, JL McCaughey, W Runyon, JB AF Birdsall, Jennifer L. McCaughey, Ward Runyon, Justin B. TI Roads Impact the Distribution of Noxious Weeds More Than Restoration Treatments in a Lodgepole Pine Forest in Montana, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burning; disturbance; exotic plants; forest management; invasive species; prescribed fire; silvicultural treatments; thinning ID UNDERSTORY VEGETATION RESPONSE; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FIRE; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; INSECTS AB A century of fire suppression has created unnaturally dense stands in many western North American forests, and silviculture treatments are being increasingly used to reduce fuels to mitigate wildfire hazards and manage insect infestations. Thinning prescriptions have the potential to restore forests to a more historically sustainable state, but land managers need to be aware of the potential impacts of such treatments on invasion by exotic plants. However, the effects of these activities on the introduction and spread of invasive plants are not well understood. We evaluated noxious weed occurrence over a 9-year period (20012009) following thinning and burning treatments in a lodgepole pine forest in central Montana. Surveys were made in the treatment units and along roads for two shelterwood-with-reserve prescriptions, each with and without prescribed burning, burned only, and untreated controls. Five species listed as noxious weeds in Montana were recorded: spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe), oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), and houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale). With the exception of Canada thistle, noxious weeds were confined to roadsides and did not colonize silvicultural treatment areas. Roadside habitats contributed more to the distribution of noxious plant species than did silvicultural treatments in this relatively uninvaded forest, indicating the importance of weed control tactics along roads and underscoring the need to mitigate exotic plant dispersal by motorized vehicles. In addition, these findings suggest that roadways should be considered when evaluating the potential for invasion and spread of exotic plants following forest restoration treatments. C1 [Birdsall, Jennifer L.; Runyon, Justin B.] USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [McCaughey, Ward] USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Runyon, JB (reprint author), USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1648 S 7th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jrunyon@fs.fed.us OI Runyon, Justin B./0000-0002-0271-0511 FU Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We thank Zip Birdsall, Daniel Boone, Karen Estill, Kathy Quigley, Matt Wotherspoon, Marcia and Blithe Youngman, and the Montana Conservation Corps for assistance with data collection; Rob Ahl for his help in designing Figure 1; and Jack Butler, Helen Smith, and Steve Warren for helpful comments on this article. Special acknowledgment goes to Daniel Boone for identifying and controlling the first houndstongue found in TCEF. The Rocky Mountain Research Station provided funding for data collection on the experimental forest. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00781.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968TI UT WOS:000306007300012 ER PT J AU Patindol, J Mendez-Montealvo, G Wang, YJ AF Patindol, James Mendez-Montealvo, Guadalupe Wang, Ya-Jane TI Starch properties of malted barley in relation to real degree of fermentation SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE AM; AP; Malted barley; Real degree of fermentation; Starch ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GRANULE STARCHES; RICE; FUNCTIONALITY; STABILITY; SUGARS; WAXY AB Real degree of fermentation (RDF) is an important measure of brewhouse performance in the production of beer. In this work, the relationship of RDF with malted barley starch properties was investigated. Starches were isolated from 25 malted barley samples and analyzed for molecular size distribution (by HPSEC), AP structural features (by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering and RI detectors), and thermal properties (by DSC). Cluster analysis, analysis of variance, principal component analysis, bivariate correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in establishing correlations. RDF, AM, and AP content were 74.080.1%, 25.234.4%, and 65.674.9%, respectively. Starch gelatinization enthalpy was 6.48.1?J/g, and onset gelatinization temperature was 58.564.3 degrees C. AP and AM content had a positive and negative impact on RDF, respectively. The effect of thermal properties (starch gelatinization and AM-lipid complex melting) on RDF was not clear. Starch properties explained up to 86% of RDF variance to indicate that other malted barley constituents and/or properties also contribute to cultivar variations in RDF. C1 [Mendez-Montealvo, Guadalupe; Wang, Ya-Jane] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Patindol, James] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM yjwang@uark.edu FU Anheuser Busch Company FX We thank Drs. Gary Hanning and Jolanta Menert of Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc. for providing malted barley samples and RDF results, and Devon Cameron, Stephen O'Brien, and Ryan O'Kelley for valuable technical assistance. The funding provided by Anheuser Busch Company is greatly appreciated. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD JUL PY 2012 VL 64 IS 7 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1002/star.201100171 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 968VR UT WOS:000306014000004 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Jaynes, DB Parkin, TB Moorman, TB Singer, JW AF Kaspar, T. C. Jaynes, D. B. Parkin, T. B. Moorman, T. B. Singer, J. W. TI Effectiveness of oat and rye cover crops in reducing nitrate losses in drainage water SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cover crops; Subsurface drainage; Nitrate leaching; Water quality; Corn-soybean rotation; Nitrate uptake ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; SOIL; DISCONTINUATION; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS; ILLINOIS; HYPOXIA AB Much of the NO3 in the riverine waters of the upper Mississippi River basin in the United States originates from agricultural land used for corn (Zea mays L) and soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) production. Cover crops grown between maturity and planting of these crops are one approach for reducing losses of NO3. In this experiment, we evaluated the effectiveness of oat (Avena sativa L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops in reducing NO3 concentrations and loads in subsurface drainage water. The oat fall cover crop was broadcast seeded into living corn and soybean crops before harvest in late August or early September and was killed by cold temperatures in late November or early December The rye winter cover crop, which had already been used annually for four years, was planted with a grain drill after corn and soybean harvest, overwintered, grew again in the spring, and was killed with herbicides before main crop planting. These treatments were evaluated in subsurface-drained field plots with an automated system for measuring drainage flow and collecting proportional samples for analysis of NO3 concentrations from each plot. The rye winter cover crop significantly reduced drainage water NO3 concentrations by 48% over five years, but this was less than the 58% reduction observed in its first four years of use. The oat fall cover crop reduced NO3 concentrations by 26% or about half of the reduction of the rye cover crop. Neither cover crop significantly reduced cumulative drainage or nitrate loads because of variability in cumulative annual drainage among plots. Both oat and rye cover crops are viable management options for significantly reducing NO3 losses to surface waters from agricultural drainage systems used for corn and soybean production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kaspar, T. C.; Jaynes, D. B.; Parkin, T. B.; Moorman, T. B.; Singer, J. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Kaspar@ars.usda.gov; Dan.Jaynes@ars.usda.gov; Tim.Parkin@ars.usda.gov; Tom.Moorman@ars.usda.gov; Jeremy.Singer@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.010 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 959GU UT WOS:000305301700004 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH Suarez, DL Goldberg, S Shouse, PJ AF Skaggs, T. H. Suarez, D. L. Goldberg, S. Shouse, P. J. TI Replicated lysimeter measurements of tracer transport in clayey soils: Effects of irrigation water salinity SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Solute transport; Salinity; Leaching requirement; Lysimeter ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STEADY-STATE; PH ERRORS; FLOW; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; PLANT; SWAP AB Recent studies suggest that standard guidelines for managing salinity in irrigated agriculture overestimate the leaching requirement. Transient-state, process-based model analyses offer the possibility of more efficient water and salinity management, but data are needed to evaluate the accuracy of various subcomponents of the models. In this study, tracer (Br) transport in twelve lysimeters identically packed with clayey soil materials was monitored at eight soil depths and in drainage waters. In the first phase of the experiment (the salinization phase), six of the lysimeters were irrigated with high EC waters (8.1 dS m(-1)) and six with low EC waters (0.4 dS m(-1)). In the second phase, all lysimeters were leached with low EC waters (0.4 dS m(-1)). Tracer transport was very different in the high and low EC irrigation treatments, with the high EC treatment exhibiting significant tailing in the breakthrough curves. Due to the replicated experimental design, it was possible to confirm that the differences between the experimental treatments were significant and not due to random deviation. Future research aimed at placing realistic confidence levels on model predictions will allow transient-state models to reach their full potential as water and salinity management tools. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Skaggs, T. H.; Suarez, D. L.; Goldberg, S.; Shouse, P. J.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM todd.skaggs@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.04.003 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 959GU UT WOS:000305301700010 ER PT J AU Islam, A Ahuja, LR Garcia, LA Ma, LW Saseendran, AS Trout, TJ AF Islam, Adlul Ahuja, Lajpat R. Garcia, Luis A. Ma, Liwang Saseendran, Anapalli S. Trout, Thomas J. TI Modeling the impacts of climate change on irrigated corn production in the Central Great Plains SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Corn yield; Evapotranspiration; Water use efficiency; Climate change; Multi-model scenarios ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; WATER-RESOURCES; MAIZE; RESPONSES; YIELD; PLANT AB The changes in temperature and precipitation patterns along with increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) may change evapotranspiration (ET) demand, and affect water availability and crop production. An assessment of the potential impact of climate change and elevated CO2 on irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) in the Central Great Plains of Colorado was conducted using the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) model. One hundred and twelve bias corrected and spatially disaggregated (BCSD) climate projections were used to generate four different multi-model ensemble scenarios of climate change: three of the ensembles represented the A1B, A2, and B1 emission scenarios and the fourth comprised of all 112 BCSD projections. Three different levels of irrigation, based on meeting 100, 75, and 50% of the crop ET demand, were used to study the climate change effects on corn yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under full and deficit irrigation. Predicted increases in mean monthly temperature during the crop growing period varied from 1.4 to 1.9, 2.1 to 3.4, and 2.7 to 5.4 degrees C during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, for the different climate change scenarios. During the same periods, the projected changes in mean monthly precipitation varied in the range of -4.5 to 1.7, -6.6 to 4.0 and -11.5 to 10.2%, respectively. Simulation results showed a decrease in corn yield, because the negative effects of increase in temperature dominated over the positive effects of increasing CO2 levels. The mean overall decrease in yield for the four different climate change scenarios, with full irrigation, ranged from 11.3 to 14.0, 17.1 to 21.0, and 20.7 to 27.7% during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, even though the CO2 alone increased yield by 3.5 to 12.8% for the scenario representing ensembles of 112 projections (S1). The yield decrease was linearly related to the shortening of the growing period caused by increased temperature. Under deficit irrigation, the yield decreases were smaller due to increased WUE with elevated CO2. Because of the shortened crop growing period and the CO2 effect of decreasing the ET demand, there was a decrease in the required irrigation. Longer duration cultivars tolerant to higher temperatures may be one of the possible adaptation strategies. The amount of irrigation water needed to maintain the current yield for a longer duration corn cultivar, having the same WUE as the current cultivar. is projected to change in the range of -1.7 to 6.4% from the current baseline, under the four different scenarios of climate change evaluated in this research. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Islam, Adlul; Ahuja, Lajpat R.; Ma, Liwang; Saseendran, Anapalli S.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Garcia, Luis A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Saseendran, Anapalli S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) under the Global Research Alliance; Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to thank USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) for providing the necessary funding under the Global Research Alliance and Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellowship Program for conducting this research work. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.04.004 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 959GU UT WOS:000305301700011 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Donangelo, CM Ritchie, LD Gildengorin, G Abrams, S King, JC AF O'Brien, Kimberly O. Donangelo, Carmen M. Ritchie, Lorrene D. Gildengorin, Ginny Abrams, Steve King, Janet C. TI Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium intake affect rates of bone calcium deposition during pregnancy and the early postpartum period SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; VITAMIN-D; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; REGULATING HORMONES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; LACTATION; WOMEN; METABOLISM; TURNOVER; HOMEOSTASIS AB Background: Factors affecting bone calcium deposition across pregnancy and lactation are not well characterized. Objective: The impact of maternal age, calcium intake, race-ethnicity, and vitamin D status on the rate of bone calcium deposition (VO+) was assessed across pregnancy and lactation. Design: Stable calcium isotopes were given to 46 women at pre- or early pregnancy (trimester I), late pregnancy (trimester 3), and 3-10 wk postpartum. Three cohorts were included: 23 adolescents from Baltimore (MD), aged 16.5 +/- 1.4 y (mean +/- SD; Baltimore cohort); 13 adults from California, aged 29.5 +/- 2.6 y (California cohort); and 10 adults from Brazil, aged 30.4 +/- 4.0 y (Brazil cohort). The total exchangeable calcium pool, VO+, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D], parathyroid hormone, and calcium intake were evaluated. Results: At trimester 3, inverse associations between 1,25(OH)(2)D and VO+ were evident in the Baltimore (P = 0.059) and Brazil (P = 0.008) cohorts and in the whole group (P = 0.029); calcium intake was not a significant determinant of VO+ in any group during pregnancy. At postpartum, a significant positive association was evident between VO+ and calcium intake (P <= 0.002) and between VO+ and African ethnicity (P <= 0.004) in the whole group and within the Baltimore and Brazil cohorts. Conclusions: Elevated 1,25(OH)(2)D was associated with decreased rates of bone calcium deposition during late pregnancy, a finding that was particularly evident in pregnant adolescents and adult women with low calcium intakes. Higher dietary calcium intakes and African ethnicity were associated with elevated rates of bone calcium deposition in the postpartum period. Ant J Clin Nutr 2012;96:64-72. C1 [Gildengorin, Ginny; King, Janet C.] CHORI, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [O'Brien, Kimberly O.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Donangelo, Carmen M.] Univ Republica, Escuela Nutr & Dietet, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Ritchie, Lorrene D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dr Robert C & Veronica Atkins Ctr Weight & Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abrams, Steve] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), CHORI, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM jking@chori.org OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NIH [HD35191, DK41732]; National Center for Research Resources/General Clinical Research Centers [RR00052] FX Supported by the NIH (grants HD35191 and DK41732) and National Center for Research Resources/General Clinical Research Centers grant RR00052. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 96 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.029231 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 964CA UT WOS:000305670100011 PM 22648718 ER PT J AU deShazo, RD Feldlaufer, MF Mihm, MC Goddard, J AF deShazo, Richard D. Feldlaufer, Mark F. Mihm, Martin C. Goddard, Jerome TI Bullous Reactions to Bedbug Bites Reflect Cutaneous Vasculitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bedbug bites; Bedbug reactions; Bullous reactions; Cutaneous vasculitis; Treatment of cutaneous reactions ID CIMEX-LECTULARIUS; BUG BITES; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; ERUPTION; URTICARIA; IGE AB BACKGROUND: There has been a worldwide resurgence of bedbug infestations. Bites by these insects may cause mild or severe cutaneous reactions, and anaphylaxis has been reported. Little is known about the most severe cutaneous reactions, termed bullous or complex reactions. OBJECTIVE: To study the time course and histopathologic findings of complex (bullous) cutaneous reactions to bedbugs in order to determine the optional treatment for them. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We prospectively photographed bullous reactions to observed bedbug bites at 30 minutes; 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours; 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, and biopsied reactions at 30 minutes, and 6, 12, and 24 hours. We also reviewed Internet postings and the available medical literature on bullous reactions after bedbug bites. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Correlations between clinical and histologic findings using both routine and immunofluorescent techniques. RESULTS: Bullous reactions to bedbugs are not rare. Of 357 photographs of bedbug bites posted on the Internet, 6% were bullous. In an individual with previous bullous reactions, experimental bedbug bites were associated with a progression of cutaneous responses at bite sites from immediate, pruritic, edematous lesions to a late-in-time macule, which evolved into bullous reactions by 24 hours. Bullous lesions eventually lysed but took weeks to heal. Histopathologic evaluation of bullous reactions showed a polymorphous picture with histologic evidence of an urticarial-like reaction early on that rapidly developed into a hybrid leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This vasculitis was initially neutrophilic but developed into a destructive, necrotizing, eosinophil-rich vasculitis with prominent infiltration of CD 68+ histiocytes and collagen necrobiosis. This histologic picture is similar to the dermal vasculitis in patients with Churg-Strauss vasculitis. CONCLUSION: Historically, bedbug bite reactions have been considered to be of minor medical significance. However, the findings presented here demonstrate that the not-uncommon bullous reactions to bedbug bites reflect the presence of a local, highly destructive, cutaneous vasculitis. The histologic features of these reactions resemble those occurring in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Therefore, efforts to prevent further bites and monitor for evidence of systemic vasculitis should be made in patients with bullous reactions to bedbug bites. Topical treatment with high potency corticosteroids may be useful in the treatment of bullous reactions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. . The American Journal of Medicine (2012) 125, 688-694 C1 [deShazo, Richard D.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [deShazo, Richard D.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Feldlaufer, Mark F.] USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Mihm, Martin C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Goddard, Jerome] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP deShazo, RD (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM rdeshazo@umc.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 125 IS 7 BP 688 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 965FN UT WOS:000305752700022 PM 22560811 ER PT J AU Drenovsky, RE Grewell, BJ D'Antonio, CM Funk, JL James, JJ Molinari, N Parker, IM Richards, CL AF Drenovsky, Rebecca E. Grewell, Brenda J. D'Antonio, Carla M. Funk, Jennifer L. James, Jeremy J. Molinari, Nicole Parker, Ingrid M. Richards, Christina L. TI A functional trait perspective on plant invasion SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Climate change; non-native plant; plant invasion; functional traits; plant traits; invasiveness; invader impacts ID ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SUCCULENT CARPOBROTUS-EDULIS; BROOM CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Global environmental change will affect non-native plant invasions, with profound potential impacts on native plant populations, communities and ecosystems. In this context, we review plant functional traits, particularly those that drive invader abundance (invasiveness) and impacts, as well as the integration of these traits across multiple ecological scales, and as a basis for restoration and management. We review the concepts and terminology surrounding functional traits and how functional traits influence processes at the individual level. We explore how phenotypic plasticity may lead to rapid evolution of novel traits facilitating invasiveness in changing environments and then oscale up' to evaluate the relative importance of demographic traits and their links to invasion rates. We then suggest a functional trait framework for assessing per capita effects and, ultimately, impacts of invasive plants on plant communities and ecosystems. Lastly, we focus on the role of functional trait-based approaches in invasive species management and restoration in the context of rapid, global environmental change. To understand how the abundance and impacts of invasive plants will respond to rapid environmental changes it is essential to link trait-based responses of invaders to changes in community and ecosystem properties. To do so requires a comprehensive effort that considers dynamic environmental controls and a targeted approach to understand key functional traits driving both invader abundance and impacts. If we are to predict future invasions, manage those at hand and use restoration technology to mitigate invasive species impacts, future research must focus on functional traits that promote invasiveness and invader impacts under changing conditions, and integrate major factors driving invasions from individual to ecosystem levels. C1 [Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. [Grewell, Brenda J.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci MS 4, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla M.; Molinari, Nicole] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Environm Studies Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Jennifer L.] Chapman Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [James, Jeremy J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Parker, Ingrid M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Richards, Christina L.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Drenovsky, RE (reprint author), John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. EM rdrenovsky@jcu.edu RI Richards, Christina/C-6455-2008; Funk, Jennifer/B-6328-2009 OI Richards, Christina/0000-0001-7848-5165; NR 170 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 34 U2 314 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 EI 1095-8290 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1093/aob/mcs100 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 963OD UT WOS:000305630200013 PM 22589328 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Anchieta, AG AF Wintermantel, William M. Anchieta, Amy G. TI The genome sequence of lettuce necrotic stunt virus indicates a close relationship to Moroccan pepper virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOMATO; PROTEIN; TOMBUSVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; SUPPRESSION; PELARGONIUM; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; EGGPLANT; GENES AB Lettuce necrotic stunt virus (LNSV) causes severe losses to lettuce production in the western United States, which results in stunting, necrosis and death on all non-crisphead lettuces, as well as flower abortion and yield losses in greenhouse tomato production. The genome of LNSV was sequenced and has an organization typical of viruses of the genus Tombusvirus. Sequence comparisons indicated that much of the genome is relatively closely related to tomato bushy stunt virus; however, the coat protein is very closely related to that of isolates of Moroccan pepper virus (MPV). C1 [Wintermantel, William M.; Anchieta, Amy G.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bill.wintermantel@ars.usda.gov FU California Leafy Greens Research Program FX Thanks to Laura L. Hladky for assistance with sequence alignments and figure preparation. Support for this research was provided in part through funding by the California Leafy Greens Research Program. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 157 IS 7 BP 1407 EP 1409 DI 10.1007/s00705-012-1307-x PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 965VL UT WOS:000305795300025 PM 22527864 ER PT J AU Park, JB Velasquez, MT AF Park, Jae B. Velasquez, Manuel T. TI Potential effects of lignan-enriched flaxseed powder on bodyweight, visceral fat, lipid profile, and blood pressure in rats SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE Lignan-enriched flaxseed powder; Obesity; Blood pressure ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DIGLUCOSIDE; WEIGHT-LOSS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESITY; ALPHA AB The potential effects of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside lignan-enriched flaxseed powder (LEFP) on bodyweight, visceral fat, lipid profile, adipokines, and blood pressure were investigated using rats, divided into four groups (n = 8); a normal control diet (NC), a normal control diet with 0.02% LEFP (NCL), a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFD), or a high-fat and high-fructose diet with 0.02% LEFP (HFDL). Liver, heart, kidney, adipose tissues, and blood were collected following 12-weeks on the diets. The average body weight of the HFD group was significantly higher than those of the NC, NCL, and the HFDL groups (P < 0.05). Also, the average weights of kidneys from the HFD and HFDL groups was higher than those of the NC and NCL groups (P < 0.05), although not significantly different in the weights of livers and hearts. The visceral fat weight was significantly higher in rats in the HFD group, but notably reduced in the HFDL fed rats (P < 0.05). Accordingly, plasma leptin increased significantly in rats fed the HFD diet, higher than rats fed the HFDL diet. Also, the rats in the HFDL group showed improved lipid profile, compared to the rats in the HFD group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in blood pressure was observed in the rats of the HFDL group compared to the HFD group (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the LEFP supplementation may provide beneficial effects such as the reduction of bodyweight and fat accumulation, the lipid profile improvement, and blood pressure control. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Park, Jae B.] ARS, USDA, BHNRC, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Renal Dis & Hypertens,WA, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Bldg 307C,Rm 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jae.park@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD JUL PY 2012 VL 83 IS 5 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 963XI UT WOS:000305657900020 PM 22542959 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZQ Tako, E Yeung, A Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Cheng, Zhiqiang Tako, Elad Yeung, Andrew Welch, Ross M. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Evaluation of metallothionein formation as a proxy for zinc absorption in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model SO FOOD & FUNCTION LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL-CELL; CACO-2 CELLS; IRON; BIOAVAILABILITY; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; COPPER AB Caco-2 cell metallothionein (MT) formation was studied to determine if MT could be used as a proxy for zinc (Zn) absorption in a cell culture model. The MT intracellular concentration was determined using a cadmium/hemoglobin affinity assay. The cellular Zn uptake was determined by acid digests (5% HNO3) using inductively-coupled argon-plasma emission spectroscopy. The effect of phytic acid (PA) on cellular Zn and MT concentrations was also studied. Cells were treated with a media containing 0, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 mu mol L-1 Zn (ZnCl2). The effect of varying the Zn : PA molar ratios (1 : 0, 1 : 1, 1 : 5, 1 : 10, 1 : 20) on the Zn uptake and MT formation was determined. The results showed a positive linear correlation between Zn-media concentrations and cellular Zn uptake, and MT formation was observed. Zn and MT concentrations in the cells treated with increasing levels of Zn (>25 mu mol L-1 Zn) were elevated. The Zn and MT concentrations in the cells incubated with Zn (when <10 mu mol L-1) were similar to the untreated cells. PA significantly lowered the cellular Zn and MT concentrations. When the Zn : PA molar ratios were >1 : 5, cellular MT concentrations were no different to untreated cells. When a combined in vitro digestion/cell model was used, the cellular MT concentrations in white or red beans and fish samples were no different to the cell baseline. This study suggests that measurements of cellular Zn and MT concentrations have some limitations (<10 mu mol L-1 Zn). PA was observed to be a potent inhibitor of Zn uptake. Under the conditions of this in vitro model, Caco-2 cell monolayers are not useful for evaluating the Zn availability from foods. C1 [Cheng, Zhiqiang; Tako, Elad; Welch, Ross M.; Glahn, Raymond P.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yeung, Andrew] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM et79@cornell.edu FU CGIAR HarvestPlus FX The authors thank Mary Bodis, Yongpei Chang and Larry Heller for their excellent technical assistance. The research was supported by CGIAR HarvestPlus. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-6496 J9 FOOD FUNCT JI Food Funct. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 3 IS 7 BP 732 EP 736 DI 10.1039/c2fo10232c PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 965VO UT WOS:000305795700006 PM 22538397 ER PT J AU Parinussa, RM Holmes, TRH de Jeu, RAM AF Parinussa, Robert M. Holmes, Thomas R. H. de Jeu, Richard A. M. TI Soil Moisture Retrievals From the WindSat Spaceborne Polarimetric Microwave Radiometer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Microwave radiometry; moisture; parameter estimation ID POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX; VEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; MODEL; PERFORMANCE AB An existing methodology to derive surface soil moisture from passive microwave satellite observations is applied to the WindSat multifrequency polarimetric microwave radiometer. The methodology is a radiative-transfer-based model that has successfully been applied to a series of (historical) satellite sensors, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Brightness temperature observations from the WindSat and AMSR-E radiometers were compared, and the WindSat observations were adjusted to overcome small sensor differences (e.g., frequency, bandwidth, incidence angle, and original sensor calibration procedure). The method to relate Ka-band brightness temperature observations to land surface temperature was adapted to the overpass times of WindSat. Statistical analysis with both satellite-observed and in situ soil moistures indicates that the quality of the newly derived WindSat soil moisture product is similar to that obtained with AMSR-E after the adjustment of the WindSat brightness temperature observations. The average correlation coefficients (R) between satellite soil moisture and in situ observations are similar for the two satellites with average values of R = 0.60 for WindSat and R = 0.62 for AMSR-E as calculated from 33 sites. On a global scale, the average correlation coefficient between the two satellite soil moisture products is high with a value of R = 0.83. The results of this study demonstrate that soil moisture from WindSat is consistent with existing soil moisture products derived from AMSR-E using the land parameter retrieval model. Therefore, the soil moisture retrievals from these two satellites could easily be combined to increase the temporal resolution of satellite-derived soil moisture observations. C1 [Parinussa, Robert M.; Holmes, Thomas R. H.] ARS, Hydrol & Res Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [de Jeu, Richard A. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & Geoenvironm Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Parinussa, RM (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Res Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.Parinussa@falw.vu.nl; Thomas.Holmes@ars.usda.gov; Richard.de.Jeu@falw.vu.nl RI Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010 OI Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079 FU European Space Agency (European Space Research Institute) [22086/08/I-EC] FX This work was supported in part by the European Space Agency Support To Science Element Water Cycle Multimission Observation Strategy project (European Space Research Institute/Contract 22086/08/I-EC) coordinated by the International Institute of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). NR 35 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2012 VL 50 IS 7 BP 2683 EP 2694 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2174643 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 965DO UT WOS:000305746900001 ER PT J AU Viscarra, JA Vazquez-Medina, JP Rodriguez, R Champagne, CD Adams, SH Crocker, DE Ortiz, RM AF Viscarra, Jose Abraham Vazquez-Medina, Jose Pablo Rodriguez, Ruben Champagne, Cory D. Adams, Sean H. Crocker, Daniel E. Ortiz, Rudy M. TI Decreased expression of adipose CD36 and FATP1 are associated with increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids during prolonged fasting in northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipid metabolism; adipose tissue; insulin resistance; fasting; carnitine ID INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; CYCLE ACTIVITY; TISSUE; METABOLISM; LACTATION; CARNITINE; OXIDATION AB The northern elephant seal pup (Mirounga angustirostris) undergoes a 2-3. month post-weaning fast, during which it depends primarily on the oxidation of fatty acids to meet its energetic demands. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) increases and is associated with the development of insulin resistance in late-fasted pups. Furthermore, plasma NEFA concentrations respond differentially to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) depending on fasting duration, suggesting that the effects of glucose on lipid metabolism are altered. However, elucidation of the lipolytic mechanisms including lipase activity during prolonged fasting in mammals is scarce. To assess the impact of fasting and glucose on the regulation of lipid metabolism, adipose tissue and plasma samples were collected before and after ivGTTs performed on early (2. weeks, N=5) and late (6-8. weeks; N=8) fasted pups. Glucose administration increased plasma triglycerides and NEFA concentrations in late-fasted seals, but not plasma glycerol. Fasting decreased basal adipose lipase activity by 50%. Fasting also increased plasma lipase activity twofold and decreased the expressions of CD36, FAS, FATP1 and PEPCK-C by 22-43% in adipose tissue. Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicated that late-fasted seals display higher incomplete LCFA beta-oxidation. Results suggest that long-term fasting induces shifts in the regulation of lipolysis and lipid metabolism associated with the onset of insulin resistance in northern elephant seal pups. Delineation of the mechanisms responsible for this shift in regulation during fasting can contribute to a more thorough understanding of the changes in lipid metabolism associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in mammals. C1 [Viscarra, Jose Abraham; Vazquez-Medina, Jose Pablo; Rodriguez, Ruben; Ortiz, Rudy M.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Champagne, Cory D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA,Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Viscarra, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. EM jviscarra@ucmerced.edu FU National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [NIH NHLBI HL091767, NIH NHLBI HL091767-S1, NIH NHLBI K02HL103787]; US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Intramural Project [5306-51530-019-00]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIH-NIDDK R01DK078328-01, R01DK078328-02S1] FX This research was funded by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [NIH NHLBI HL091767 to R.M.O. and D. E. C.; NIH NHLBI HL091767-S1 to R.M.O.; and NIH NHLBI K02HL103787 to R.M.O.], the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Intramural Project [5306-51530-019-00 to S. H. A.] and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIH-NIDDK R01DK078328-01 and R01DK078328-02S1 to S. H. A.]. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 215 IS 14 BP 2455 EP 2464 DI 10.1242/jeb.069070 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 964GT UT WOS:000305682700017 PM 22723485 ER PT J AU Beasley, JC Olson, ZH DeVault, TL AF Beasley, James C. Olson, Z. H. DeVault, T. L. TI Carrion cycling in food webs: comparisons among terrestrial and marine ecosystems SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SANTA-CATALINA BASIN; DEEP-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VERTEBRATE SCAVENGERS; UNGULATE CARCASSES; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; REAL DIFFERENCES; DECOMPOSITION AB In light of current global changes to ecosystem function (e.g. climate change, trophic downgrading, and invasive species), there has been a recent surge of interest in exploring differences in nutrient cycling among ecosystem types. In particular, a growing awareness has emerged concerning the importance of scavenging in food web dynamics, although no studies have focused specifically on exploring differences in carrion consumption between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this forum we synthesize the scavenging literature to elucidate differences in scavenging dynamics between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and identify areas where future research is needed to more clearly understand the role of carrion consumption in maintaining ecosystem function within each of these environments. Although scavenging plays a similar functional role in terrestrial and aquatic food webs, here we suggest that several fundamental differences exist in scavenging dynamics among these ecosystem types due to the unique selection pressures imposed by the physical properties of water and air. In particular, the movement of carcasses in marine ecosystems (e.g. wave action, upwelling, and sinking) diffuses biological activity associated with scavenging and decomposition across large, three-dimensional spatial scales, creating a unique spatial disconnect between the processes of production, scavenging, and decomposition, which in contrast are tightly linked in terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, the limited role of bacteria and temporal stability of environmental conditions on the sea floor appears to have facilitated the evolution of a much more diverse community of macrofauna that relies on carrion for a higher portion of its nutrient consumption than is present in terrestrial ecosystems. Our observations are further discussed as they pertain to the potential impacts of climate change and trophic downgrading (i.e. removal of apex consumers from ecosystems) on scavenging dynamics within marine and terrestrial ecosystems. C1 [Beasley, James C.; Olson, Z. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [DeVault, T. L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Beasley, JC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marstellar St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM beasley@purdue.edu FU Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546]; University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory FX We thank Olin E. Rhodes, Jr. and Bradley F. Blackwell for critically reviewing previous drafts of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Research Center, and by the U.S. Department of Energy through contract number DE-FC09-96SR18546 with the University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. NR 71 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUL PY 2012 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1021 EP 1026 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20353.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963IR UT WOS:000305614300004 ER PT J AU Veerappan, V Wang, J Kang, MY Lee, J Tang, YH Jha, AK Shi, HZ Palanivelu, R Allen, RD AF Veerappan, Vijaykumar Wang, Jing Kang, Miyoung Lee, Joohyun Tang, Yuhong Jha, Ajay K. Shi, Huazhong Palanivelu, Ravishankar Allen, Randy D. TI A novel HSI2 mutation in Arabidopsis affects the PHD-like domain and leads to derepression of seed-specific gene expression SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE HSI2; VAL1; PHD-like domain; H3K27me3; Seed maturation; Transgene silencing ID EMBRYONIC TRAITS; B3 DOMAIN; CW DOMAIN; MODIFICATION PATTERNS; HISTONE-H3 LYSINE-27; REPRESS EXPRESSION; MATURATION GENES; HIGHER-PLANTS; PICKLE ACTS; PROTEIN AB Two related B3 domain transcriptional repressors, HSI2 (HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF SUGAR-INDUCIBLE GENE2)/VAL1 (VP1/ABI3-LIKE1) and HSL1 (HSI2-LIKE1)/VAL2, function redundantly to repress key transcriptional regulators of seed maturation genes in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Using a forward genetic screen designed to isolate trans-acting mutants that affected expression of a transgene containing the glutathione S-transferase F8 promoter::luciferase (GSTF8::LUC) reporter, we identified a novel HSI2 mutant allele, hsi2-4, that exhibits constitutively elevated luciferase expression while expression of the endogenous GSTF8 transcript remains unchanged. The hsi2-4 lesion was found to be a missense mutation that results in the substitution of a conserved cysteine within the plant homeodomain-like (PHD) motif of HSI2. Microarray analysis of hsi2-4 and hsi2-4 hsl1 mutants indicated that the HSI2 PHD-like domain functions non-redundantly to repress a subset of seed maturation genes, including those that encode AGL15 (AGAMOUS-LIKE15), FUSCA3 (FUS3), cruciferins, cupin family proteins, late-embryogenesis abundant protein, oleosins, 2S albumins and other seed-specific proteins in Arabidopsis seedlings. Many genes that are responsive to this mutation in the HSI2 PHD-like domain are enriched in histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27 residues (H3K27me3), a repressive epigenetic mark. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that sequences of the GSTF8::LUC transgene are enriched in H3K27me3 in a HSI2 PHD domain-dependent manner. These results indicate that the transcriptional repression activity of the HSI2 PHD domain could be mediated, at least in part, by its participation in the deposition of H3K27me3 on the chromatin of specific target genes. C1 [Veerappan, Vijaykumar; Kang, Miyoung; Lee, Joohyun; Allen, Randy D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Inst Agr Biosci, Ardmore, OK USA. [Wang, Jing] USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Tang, Yuhong] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Jha, Ajay K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Shi, Huazhong] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Palanivelu, Ravishankar] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Allen, RD (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Inst Agr Biosci, 3210 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK USA. EM randy.allen@okstate.edu OI Shi, Huazhong/0000-0003-3817-9774 FU Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Uppalapati Rao and Mohamed Fokar for comments on the manuscript. No conflict of interest is declared. This work was supported by a grant from the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation and an endowment from the Walter Sitlington Foundation to RDA. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUL PY 2012 VL 236 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s00425-012-1630-1 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 964GN UT WOS:000305682100001 PM 22476218 ER PT J AU Yan, XH Fratamico, PM Needleman, DS Bayles, DO AF Yan, Xianghe Fratamico, Pina M. Needleman, David S. Bayles, Darrell O. TI DNA sequence and analysis of a 90.1-kb plasmid in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:NM 83-75 SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O145:NM; Virulence factors; Shiga toxin-producing E. coli; Plasmid ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; LARGE VIRULENCE PLASMID; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT; SERINE-PROTEASE; O157-H7; GENE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains belonging to serogroup 0145 are important emerging food-borne pathogens responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. A large plasmid carried by STEC O145:NM strain 83-75 and named pO145-NM was sequenced, and the genes were annotated. pO145-NM is 90,103 bp in size and carries 89 open reading frames. Four genes/regions in pO145-NM encode for STEC virulence factors, including toxB (protein involved in adherence), espP (a serine protease), katP (catalase peroxidase), and the hly (hemolysin) gene cluster. These genes have also been identified in large virulence plasmids found in other STEC serogroups, including O26, O157, O111, and O103. pO145-NM carries the espP alpha subtype that is associated with STEC strains that cause more severe disease. Phylogenetic analyses of HlyB, EspP, and ToxB in various STEC strains showed a high degree of similarity of these proteins in E. coli serotypes O145:NM, O26:H11/H-, O111:NM/H-, and O157:H7 potentially placing these STEC into a related group. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yan, Xianghe; Fratamico, Pina M.; Needleman, David S.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JUL PY 2012 VL 68 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2012.02.001 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 964RZ UT WOS:000305715700003 PM 22370037 ER PT J AU Koh, EJ Zhou, LJ Williams, DS Park, J Ding, NY Duan, YP Kang, BH AF Koh, Eun-Ji Zhou, Lijuan Williams, Donna S. Park, Jiyoung Ding, Ningyuan Duan, Yong-Ping Kang, Byung-Ho TI Callose deposition in the phloem plasmodesmata and inhibition of phloem transport in citrus leaves infected with "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; Huanglongbing; Plasmodesmata; Plasmodesmata pore unit; Callose; Phloem ID TRANSGENIC POTATO PLANTS; VIRUS MOVEMENT PROTEIN; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; SUCROSE; EXPORT; MAIZE; DORMANCY; MUTANT; ACT AB Huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive disease of citrus trees caused by phloem-limited bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter spp. One of the early microscopic manifestations of HLB is excessive starch accumulation in leaf chloroplasts. We hypothesize that the causative bacteria in the phloem may intervene photoassimilate export, causing the starch to over-accumulate. We examined citrus leaf phloem cells by microscopy methods to characterize plant responses to Liberibacter infection and the contribution of these responses to the pathogenicity of HLB. Plasmodesmata pore units (PPUs) connecting companion cells and sieve elements were stained with a callose-specific dye in the Liberibacter-infected leaf phloem cells; callose accumulated around PPUs before starch began to accumulate in the chloroplasts. When examined by transmission electron microscopy, PPUs with abnormally large callose deposits were more abundant in the Liberibacter-infected samples than in the uninfected samples. We demonstrated an impairment of symplastic dye movement into the vascular tissue and delayed photoassimilate export in the Liberibacter-infected leaves. Liberibacter infection was also linked to callose deposition in the sieve plates, which effectively reduced the sizes of sieve pores. Our results indicate that Liberibacter infection is accompanied by callose deposition in PPUs and sieve pores of the sieve tubes and suggest that the phloem plugging by callose inhibits phloem transport, contributing to the development of HLB symptoms. C1 [Kang, Byung-Ho] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Koh, Eun-Ji; Williams, Donna S.; Park, Jiyoung; Kang, Byung-Ho] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zhou, Lijuan; Duan, Yong-Ping] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Kang, BH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bkang@ufl.edu RI Kang, Byung-Ho/F-5262-2013 FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council [113]; United States Department of Agriculture, (NIFA) [2010-34446-21694] FX We are grateful to Dr. Karen Koch (University of Florida) and her lab assistants for their help in 14CO2 pulse labeling. We also thank Dr. Rob Ferl (University of Florida) and Dr. Tony Romeo (University of Florida) for allowing us to use their fluorescence stereomicroscope and phosphorimager scanner, respectively. We are indebted to Dr. Dean Gabriel (University of Florida) for the use of his citrus plants in the University of Florida Plant Containment Facility. We thank Dr. Mullendore (Washington State University) for his advice in carrying out scanning electron microscopy of sieve pores. This work was supported by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council (grant no. 113 to B-H. K.) and by the United States Department of Agriculture, (NIFA Award no. 2010-34446-21694 to B-H. K.) NR 36 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 47 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD JUL PY 2012 VL 249 IS 3 BP 687 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s00709-011-0312-3 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 964IS UT WOS:000305688000019 PM 21874517 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, Guy J. TI Generic phytosanitary irradiation treatments SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Quarantine treatment; Phytosanitation; Ionizing radiation; Food irradiation; Insects ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; RADIATION QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; APPLE MAGGOT DIPTERA; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; IONIZING IRRADIATION; FLY DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; MEXICAN; MANGOES AB The history of the development of generic phytosanitary irradiation (PI) treatments is discussed beginning with its initial proposal in 1986. Generic PI treatments in use today are 150 Gy for all hosts of Tephritidae, 250 Gy for all arthropods on mango and papaya shipped from Australia to New Zealand, 300 Gy for all arthropods on mango shipped from Australia to Malaysia, 350 Gy for all arthropods on lychee shipped from Australia to New Zealand and 400 Gy for all hosts of insects other than pupae and adult Lepidoptera shipped to the United States. Efforts to develop additional generic PI treatments and reduce the dose for the 400 Gy treatment are ongoing with a broad based 5-year, 12-nation cooperative research project coordinated by the joint Food and Agricultural Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency Program on Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Key groups identified for further development of generic PI treatments are Lepidoptera (eggs and larvae), mealybugs and scale insects. A dose of 250 Gy may suffice for these three groups plus others, such as thrips, weevils and whiteflies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Business Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Guy.Hallman@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 7 BP 861 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.03.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 963WX UT WOS:000305656800026 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Hoagland, RE AF Boyette, C. D. Hoagland, R. E. TI Interactions of chemical additives, pH and temperature on conidia germination and virulence of Colletotrichum truncatum, a bioherbicide of Sesbania exaltata SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Amino acids; bioherbicide; biological control; Colletotrichum truncatum; conidial germination; mycoherbicide; pH; sugars ID UNREFINED CORN-OIL; MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; INVERT EMULSION; ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WHEAT-FLOUR; BIOCONTROL; GLOEOSPORIOIDES; INFECTIVITY; MECHANISMS AB We studied several factors influencing the conidial germination and pathogenicity of fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, a potential bioherbicide for hemp sesbania. The conidia were germinated on 2% water agar over pH (3.5 to 9.0) and the optimal pH for the germination depended on the specific buffer used. Citrate and acetate buffers of low pH inhibited the germination. Germination decreased as buffer concentrations increased from 1 to 100 mM and as conidial density increased. Washing the conidia improved the germination. Temperatures of 15 and 20 degrees C proved more favourable for germination and infection of hemp sesbania than 35 and 40 degrees C. However, the emergence of germ tubes from each cell of two-celled conidia and growth and branching of germ tubes were greater at 35 degrees C than at lower temperatures. Increased germination and branching from both conidial cells did not increase the infectivity. Germination was similar under light or dark conditions. Additions of 10 mM amino acids (alanine, glycine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), 10 mM sugars (glucose, galactose, and xylose) and extracts of various plants (hemp sesbania and pigweed) stimulated the germination, but cystine drastically inhibited the germination. The alanine or xylose amino acids enhanced the infectivity, when applied with conidia to hemp sesbania seedling tissues. C1 [Boyette, C. D.; Hoagland, R. E.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. RP Boyette, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. EM Doug.Boyette@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 103 EP 116 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962GH UT WOS:000305529800010 ER PT J AU Kirwan, BE Uchida, S White, TK AF Kirwan, Barrett E. Uchida, Shinsuke White, T. Kirk TI Aggregate and Farm-Level Productivity Growth in Tobacco: Before and After the Quota Buyout SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Tobacco; Quotas; Aggregate Productivity Growth; Reallocation; Q18; Q12; O47 ID INDUSTRY; PLANTS; TRADE AB We examine the distortionary effects of agricultural policy on farm productivity by examining the response of U.S. tobacco farmers' productivity to the quota buyout of 2004. We focus on the impact of distortionary policy, i.e., the tobacco quota, by decomposing aggregate productivity growth into the contribution of farm-level productivity growth and the contribution of reallocation of resources among tobacco growers. We find that the aggregate productivity of Kentucky tobacco farms grew 44% between 2002 and 2007. The elimination of quota rental costs and reallocation of resources, including entry and exit, accounted for most of the post-buyout productivity growth. C1 [Kirwan, Barrett E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Uchida, Shinsuke] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [White, T. Kirk] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Kirwan, BE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. OI Kirwan, Barrett/0000-0003-1994-2789; Uchida, Shinsuke/0000-0002-2803-4734 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 94 IS 4 BP 838 EP 853 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas019 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 960ST UT WOS:000305411200002 ER PT J AU Adjemian, MK Smith, A AF Adjemian, Michael K. Smith, Aaron TI Using USDA Forecasts to Estimate the Price Flexibility of Demand for Agricultural Commodities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE commodity prices; corn; demand flexibility; futures prices; soybeans; USDA supply forecasts; WASDE; G13; Q11 ID FUTURES MARKETS; STORAGE; BACKWARDATION; ANNOUNCEMENTS; EXPECTATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; MODEL; CORN AB We estimate the general equilibrium price flexibility of demand for corn and soybeans using monthly changes in expected supply published by the USDA. Our estimates reflect the demand response to a one-year supply shock and thus correspond to the inverse demand elasticity. We derive the conditions under which our estimates are consistent, and we show how demand flexibility varies by season, inventory, time horizon, and demand composition. At average inventory and without accounting for corn-ethanol use, we obtain price flexibility estimates of -1.35 and -1.03 for corn and soybeans, respectively. Current corn-ethanol production levels are associated with much larger absolute flexibilities for both commodities. C1 [Adjemian, Michael K.] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Smith, Aaron] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adjemian, MK (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 94 IS 4 BP 978 EP 995 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas032 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 960ST UT WOS:000305411200010 ER PT J AU Bulut, H Collins, KJ Zacharias, TP AF Bulut, Harun Collins, Keith J. Zacharias, Thomas P. TI Optimal Coverage Level Choice with Individual and Area Insurance Plans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Agricultural risk; area plans of insurance; crop insurance; D81; G22; Q12; Q18 ID YIELD CROP INSURANCE AB We theoretically a farmer's optimal use of area and individual crop insurance when area and individual losses are positively but imperfectly correlated. If premium rates for both plans are actuarially fair, the farmer will demand full individual insurance and no area insurance. If area insurance is free and individual insurance is offered at an actuarially fair rate, area insurance replaces a portion of individual insurance demand. If individual insurance is offered as a wrap around the area plan at an actuarially fair rate and area insurance is free, the farmer will demand excess individual insurance and some area insurance. C1 [Bulut, Harun; Collins, Keith J.; Zacharias, Thomas P.] NCIS, Overland Pk, KS USA. [Bulut, Harun] USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Bulut, H (reprint author), NCIS, Overland Pk, KS USA. FU National Crop Insurance Services (NCIS), Overland Park, KS FX This research has been funded by National Crop Insurance Services (NCIS), Overland Park, KS (www.ag-risk.org). NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1023 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas055 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 960ST UT WOS:000305411200012 ER PT J AU Hao, LY Willis, DK Andrews-Polymenis, H McClelland, M Barak, JD AF Hao, Ling-yun Willis, David Kyle Andrews-Polymenis, Helene McClelland, Michael Barak, Jeri D. TI Requirement of Siderophore Biosynthesis for Plant Colonization by Salmonella enterica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; TIME RT-PCR; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; IRON; GENES; VIRULENCE; MUTANTS; GROWTH; EXPRESSION AB Contaminated fresh produce has become the number one vector of nontyphoidal salmonellosis to humans. However, Salmonella enterica genes essential for the life cycle of the organism outside the mammalian host are for the most part unknown. Screening deletion mutants led to the discovery that an aroA mutant had a significant root colonization defect due to a failure to replicate. AroA is part of the chorismic acid biosynthesis pathway, a central metabolic node involved in aromatic amino acid and siderophore production. Addition of tryptophan or phenylalanine to alfalfa root exudates did not restore aroA mutant replication. However, addition of ferrous sulfate restored replication of the aroA mutant, as well as alfalfa colonization. Tryptophan and phenylalanine auxotrophs had minor plant colonization defects, suggesting that suboptimal concentrations of these amino acids in root exudates were not major limiting factors for Salmonella replication. An entB mutant defective in siderophore biosynthesis had colonization and growth defects similar to those of the aroA mutant, and the defective phenotype was complemented by the addition of ferrous sulfate. Biosynthetic genes of each Salmonella siderophore, enterobactin and salmochelin, were upregulated in alfalfa root exudates, yet only enterobactin was sufficient for plant survival and persistence. Similar results in lettuce leaves indicate that siderophore biosynthesis is a widespread or perhaps universal plant colonization fitness factor for Salmonella, unlike phytobacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. C1 [Hao, Ling-yun; Willis, David Kyle; Barak, Jeri D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David Kyle] ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Andrews-Polymenis, Helene] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Coll Med, Dept Microbial & Mol Pathogenesis, College Stn, TX USA. [McClelland, Michael] Vaccine Res Inst San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [McClelland, Michael] Univ Calif Irvine, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Irvine, CA USA. RP Barak, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barak@plantpath.wisc.edu OI Hao, Lingyun/0000-0003-4724-1875; McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 FU USDA-NIFA [2011-670137-30166] FX Funding was provided by the USDA-NIFA (grant no. 2011-670137-30166). NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 78 IS 13 BP 4561 EP 4570 DI 10.1128/AEM.07867-11 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 960GS UT WOS:000305376600003 PM 22522683 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Sabo, R Reiner, RS Clemons, CM Rudie, AW AF Agarwal, Umesh P. Sabo, Ronald Reiner, Richard S. Clemons, Craig M. Rudie, Alan W. TI Spatially Resolved Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Polypropylene Composite by Confocal Raman Microscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman mapping; Confocal Raman microscopy; Nanocrystalline cellulose; Polypropylene; Composite ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; CELL-WALLS; NANOCOMPOSITES; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALLINITY; SUSPENSIONS; TRANSITION; WHISKERS AB Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) -polypropylene (PP) composites and to investigate the spatial distribution of CNCs in extruded composite filaments. Three composites were made from two forms of nanocellulose (CNCs from wood pulp and the nanoscale fraction of microcrystalline cellulose) and two of the three composites investigated used maleated PP as a coupling agent. Raman maps, based on cellulose and PP bands at 1098 and 1460 cm(-1), respectively, obtained at 1 mu m spatial resolution showed that the CNCs were aggregated to various degrees in the PP matrix. Of the three composites analyzed, two showed clear existence of phase-separated regions: Raman images with strong PP and absent/weak cellulose or vice versa. For the third composite, the situation was slightly improved but a clear transition interface between the PP-abundant and CNC-abundant regions was observed, indicating that the CNC remained poorly dispersed. The spectroscopic approach to investigating spatial distribution of the composite components was helpful in evaluating CNC dispersion in the composite at the microscopic level, which helped explain the relatively modest reinforcement of PP by the CNCs. C1 [Agarwal, Umesh P.; Sabo, Ronald; Reiner, Richard S.; Clemons, Craig M.; Rudie, Alan W.] USDA FS, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), USDA FS, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 58 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 66 IS 7 BP 750 EP 756 DI 10.1366/11-06563 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 961CY UT WOS:000305442700004 PM 22709974 ER PT J AU Chaparro, JM Sheflin, AM Manter, DK Vivanco, JM AF Chaparro, Jacqueline M. Sheflin, Amy M. Manter, Daniel K. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health and plant fertility SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Review DE Microbiome; Root exudates; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; CATABOLIC DIVERSITY; DISEASE SUPPRESSION; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; ROOT AB A variety of soil factors are known to increase nutrient availability and plant productivity. The most influential might be the organisms comprising the soil microbial community of the rhizosphere, which is the soil surrounding the roots of plants where complex interactions occur between the roots, soil, and microorganisms. Root exudates act as substrates and signaling molecules for microbes creating a complex and interwoven relationship between plants and the microbiome. While individual microorganisms such as endophytes, symbionts, pathogens, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are increasingly featured in the literature, the larger community of soil microorganisms, or soil microbiome, may have more far-reaching effects. Each microorganism functions in coordination with the overall soil microbiome to influence plant health and crop productivity. Increasing evidence indicates that plants can shape the soil microbiome through the secretion of root exudates. The molecular communication fluctuates according to the plant development stage, proximity to neighboring species, management techniques, and many other factors. This review seeks to summarize the current knowledge on this topic. C1 [Chaparro, Jacqueline M.; Sheflin, Amy M.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chaparro, Jacqueline M.; Sheflin, Amy M.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Manter, Daniel K.] ARS, Soil Plant Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM j.vivanco@colostate.edu FU NSF [MCB-0950857]; National Science Foundation [PO0000062901] FX These studies were partially funded by NSF (MCB-0950857 to JMV). Funding for Jacqueline Chaparro was provided by the National Science Foundation for graduate students AGEP award #PO0000062901. We acknowledge the journal Biology and Fertility of Soils for inviting us to write this review article. Lastly, we apologize to those authors whose work could not be discussed because of the space limitations. NR 140 TC 146 Z9 153 U1 51 U2 450 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 5 BP 489 EP 499 DI 10.1007/s00374-012-0691-4 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 962DE UT WOS:000305518800001 ER PT J AU Gong, LK Xu, QB Lee, C Zhang, H AF Gong, Like Xu, Qingbing Lee, Charles Zhang, Hong TI Selenium speciation analysis of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus selenoprotein by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS SO EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Speciation analysis; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus; HPLC-ICP-MS; HPLC-ESI-MS/MS; Performance comparison ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SELENOAMINO ACIDS; SELENOMETHIONINE; YEAST; DESOLVATION; IONS AB Analytical methods for selenium (Se) speciation were developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Separations of selenomethionine (Se-Met) and selenocysteine (Se-(Cys)(2)) with favorable peak shape and resolution were obtained by both HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Both methods achieved low limits of detection, high sensitivity and favorable stability. With HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, signal suppression was observed when complex matrix was co-eluted, but excellent structural characterization was still achieved. Thus, HPLC-ICP-MS is better for the detection of Se species, and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS is essential for molecular identification and confirmation. A water-soluble selenoprotein from purified M. anguillicaudatus muscle tissue was analyzed by the two complementary systems (HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with high sensitivity and accuracy. The results demonstrated that Se-Met was the predominant selenoamino acid in the purified selenoprotein from M. anguillicaudatus muscle tissue, and the concentration of Se-Met in the selenoprotein was 6.280 mg/kg (dry mass). In addition, in HPLC-ICP-MS, an unknown Se-containing compound with similar polarity to Se-(Cys)(2) was discovered. Using complementary data from HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, it was determined that this unknown Se-containing compound was not Se(Cys)(2.). C1 [Gong, Like; Xu, Qingbing; Zhang, Hong] Zhejiang Gongshang Univ, Coll Food Sci & Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310035, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Lee, Charles] USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gong, LK (reprint author), Zhejiang Gongshang Univ, Coll Food Sci & Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310035, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM lskane@163.com; hongzh1316@zjgsu.edu.cn NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1438-2377 J9 EUR FOOD RES TECHNOL JI Eur. Food Res. Technol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 235 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s00217-012-1747-2 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 958EA UT WOS:000305218100020 ER PT J AU Ueti, MW Tan, YB Broschat, SL Ortiz, EJC Camacho-Nuez, M Mosqueda, JJ Scoles, GA Grimes, M Brayton, KA Palmer, GH AF Ueti, Massaro W. Tan, Yunbing Broschat, Shira L. Castaneda Ortiz, Elizabeth J. Camacho-Nuez, Minerva Mosqueda, Juan J. Scoles, Glen A. Grimes, Matthew Brayton, Kelly A. Palmer, Guy H. TI Expansion of Variant Diversity Associated with a High Prevalence of Pathogen Strain Superinfection under Conditions of Natural Transmission SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE STRAINS; SEGMENTAL GENE CONVERSION; SURFACE PROTEIN-2 VARIANTS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; MAMMALIAN RESERVOIR; BORRELIA-HERMSII; GENOME; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; RICKETTSEMIA AB Superinfection occurs when a second, genetically distinct pathogen strain infects a host that has already mounted an immune response to a primary strain. For antigenically variant pathogens, the primary strain itself expresses a broad diversity of variants over time. Thus, successful superinfection would require that the secondary strain express a unique set of variants. We tested this hypothesis under conditions of natural transmission in both temperate and tropical regions where, respectively, single-strain infections and strain superinfections of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale predominate. Our conclusion that strain superinfection is associated with a significant increase in variant diversity is supported by progressive analysis of variant composition: (i) animals with naturally acquired superinfection had a statistically significantly greater number of unique variant sequences than animals either experimentally infected with single strains or infected with a single strain naturally, (ii) the greater number of unique sequences reflected a statistically significant increase in primary structural diversity in the superinfected animals, and (iii) the increase in primary structural diversity reflected increased combinations of the newly identified hypervariable microdomains. The role of population immunity in establishing temporal and spatial patterns of infection and disease has been well established. The results of the present study, which examined strain structure under conditions of natural transmission and population immunity, support that high levels of endemicity also drive pathogen divergence toward greater strain diversity. C1 [Broschat, Shira L.; Grimes, Matthew; Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ueti, Massaro W.; Scoles, Glen A.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Tan, Yunbing; Broschat, Shira L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Castaneda Ortiz, Elizabeth J.; Camacho-Nuez, Minerva] Univ Autonoma Ciudad Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Mosqueda, Juan J.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI44005]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [ARS 5348-32000-033-00D, CSREES 35604-15440]; BARD [US-4187-09C] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant AI44005, Wellcome Trust GR075800M, U.S. Department of Agriculture grants ARS 5348-32000-033-00D and CSREES 35604-15440, and BARD grant US-4187-09C. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 80 IS 7 BP 2354 EP 2360 DI 10.1128/IAI.00341-12 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 963DD UT WOS:000305599400011 PM 22585962 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Chen, HJ Camp, MJ Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Hangjun Camp, Mary J. Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. TI Genotype and growing season influence blueberry antioxidant capacity and other quality attributes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanins; antioxidant activities; growing seasons; organic acids; phenolics; sugars; Vaccinium species ID ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; PHENOLIC CONTENT; SMALL FRUITS; VITAMIN-C; VACCINIUM; CRANBERRY; HIGHBUSH; DISEASES; CANCER; ORAC AB Forty-two blueberry cultivars (thirty-six Vaccinium ashei, three V. ashei derivative hybrids and three northern highbush standards) were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities and other fruit quality attributes over two growing seasons. Total anthocyanins, phenolic content and antioxidant capacities varied substantially among species and cultivars. Early May (V. ashei) had the highest amounts of anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity. Cultivars from V. ashei hybrid derivatives had lower mean antioxidant components than those from northern highbush standards or V. ashei. The antioxidant capacity, as well as total anthocyanins and phenolics, had significant cultivar x year interactions. Correlation coefficient between years for total anthocyanins, total phenolics and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were high with values of 0.86, 0.81 and 0.93, respectively. Similar interactions were observed for soluble solids content (SSC), sugar, titratable acid and organic acids among cultivars both within and across the growing seasons. Correlation coefficients between years for SSC, fructose, glucose and sucrose were 0.78, 0.71, 0.83 and 0.96, respectively. Fructose and glucose were detected as two major sugars with sucrose as a minor constituent. Clara contained the highest amounts of SSC and sugars, while Satilla had the lowest. In general, V. ashei cultivars had a higher mean SSC and sugar contents than did the hybrid derivatives or the northern highbush standards. Cultivars of V. ashei contained higher malic acid than citric acid, whereas in hybrid derivatives and northern highbush cultivars, citric acid was the predominant organic acid. The diversity in the amount of these fruit quality attributes and antioxidant capacities presents a great opportunity for genetic improvement of blueberries through breeding programmes. The objective of the study was to identify blueberry cultivars with high antioxidant activity and good fruit quality, so they can be used as parents for future blueberry breeding programmes to develop new cultivars with higher antioxidant activity. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Hangjun] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Camp, Mary J.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1540 EP 1549 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03004.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 961GF UT WOS:000305451500027 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Fonseca, A Liu, WQ Fields, AT Pimsler, ML Spindola, AF Tarone, AM Crippen, TL Tomberlin, JK Wood, TK AF Ma, Qun Fonseca, Alicia Liu, Wenqi Fields, Andrew T. Pimsler, Meaghan L. Spindola, Aline F. Tarone, Aaron M. Crippen, Tawni L. Tomberlin, Jeffery K. Wood, Thomas K. TI Proteus mirabilis interkingdom swarming signals attract blow flies SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interkingdom signal; Proteus mirabilis; Lucilia sericata; salivary gland; quorum sensing; bacterial swarming ID CUPRINA WIEDEMANN DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BIOFILM FORMATION; LUCILIA-SERICATA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; IN-VITRO; CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS; OLFACTORY BEHAVIOR AB Flies transport specific bacteria with their larvae that provide a wider range of nutrients for those bacteria. Our hypothesis was that this symbiotic interaction may depend on interkingdom signaling. We obtained Proteus mirabilis from the salivary glands of the blow fly Lucilia sericata; this strain swarmed significantly and produced a strong odor that attracts blow flies. To identify the putative interkingdom signals for the bacterium and flies, we reasoned that as swarming is used by this bacterium to cover the food resource and requires bacterial signaling, the same bacterial signals used for swarming may be used to communicate with blow flies. Using transposon mutagenesis, we identified six novel genes for swarming (ureR, fis, hybG, zapB, fadE and PROSTU_03490), then, confirming our hypothesis, we discovered that fly attractants, lactic acid, phenol, NaOH, KOH and ammonia, restore swarming for cells with the swarming mutations. Hence, compounds produced by the bacterium that attract flies also are utilized for swarming. In addition, bacteria with the swarming mutation rfaL attracted fewer blow flies and reduced the number of eggs laid by the flies. Therefore, we have identified several interkingdom signals between P. mirabilis and blow flies. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 1356-1366; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.210; published online 12 January 2012 C1 [Ma, Qun; Wood, Thomas K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fonseca, Alicia; Liu, Wenqi; Fields, Andrew T.; Pimsler, Meaghan L.; Tarone, Aaron M.; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Spindola, Aline F.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuca, Dept Agron, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Crippen, Tawni L.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wood, TK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. EM jktomberlin@tamu.edu; TWood@engr.psu.edu RI Tarone, Aaron/I-6483-2012; OI Fields, Andrew/0000-0002-2817-2141; Tarone, Aaron/0000-0003-0965-7634; Wood, Thomas/0000-0002-6258-529X FU NIH [R01 GM089999]; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas A & M University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences FX We are grateful for the Keio and ASKA strains provided by the Genome Analysis Project in Japan. This work was supported by the NIH (R01 GM089999), Texas AgriLife Research and the Texas A & M University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. TKW is the T Michael O'Connor Endowed Professor at Texas A & M University. NR 92 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1356 EP 1366 DI 10.1038/ismej.2011.210 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 963OJ UT WOS:000305631100010 PM 22237540 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Renye, JA Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, G. A. Renye, J. A., Jr. Steinberg, D. H. TI Molecular analysis of the glutamate decarboxylase locus in Streptococcus thermophilus ST110 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus thermophilus; GABA; Glutamic acid decarboxylase ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; LACTOBACILLUS-PARACASEI; GABA; CLONING; FERMENTATION; EXPRESSION; BACTERIA; PLASMID; BREVIS AB gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is generated from glutamate by the action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and characterized by hypotensive, diuretic, and tranquilizing effects in humans and animals. The production of GABA by lactic acid starter bacteria would enhance the functionality of fermented dairy foods including cheeses and yogurt. The survey of 42 strains of the yogurt starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus by PCR techniques indicated the presence of a glutamate decarboxylase gene (gadB) in 16 strains. DNA sequencing data indicated that the GAD/GABA antiporter locus (gadB/gadC) in GAD(+) S. thermophilus strains is flanked by transposase elements (5' and 3') and positioned between the luxS (5') and the HD-superfamily hydrolase genes (3'). The PCR amplification product of a ca. 2-kb genomic fragment that included the gadB and its putative promoter region was inserted into a shuttle vector, which was used to transform Escherichia coli DH5 alpha. Subsequently, the recombinant plasmid pMEU5a-1/gadB (7.24 kb) was electrotransformed into the GAD-negative strain S. thermophilus ST128. The ST128 transformants carrying the plasmid-encoded gadB produced functional GAD enzyme as evidenced by the conversion of glutamate to GABA at a rate similar to strains with the gadB/gadC operon located on the chromosome. The results demonstrated the potential to impart to non-GABA-producing strains of S. thermophilus and other lactic acid bacteria the GAD(+) phenotype that improves their appeal in possible applications in the development of health-promoting functional foods. C1 [Somkuti, G. A.; Renye, J. A., Jr.; Steinberg, D. H.] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.somkuti@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1007/s10295-012-1114-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 962EJ UT WOS:000305522500001 PM 22427071 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Greenfield, EJ AF Nowak, David J. Greenfield, Eric J. TI Tree and impervious cover in the United States SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Urban tree cover; Rural tree cover; State tree cover; Urban impervious cover; Rural impervious cover; State impervious cover ID URBAN FOREST; STREAMS AB Using aerial photograph interpretation of circa 2005 imagery, percent tree canopy and impervious surface cover in the conterminous United States are estimated at 34.2% (standard error (SE) = 0.2%) and 2.4% (SE = 0.1%), respectively. Within urban/community areas, percent tree cover (35.1%, SE = 0.4%) is similar to the national value, but percent impervious cover is significantly higher (17.5%, SE = 0.3%). Tree cover per capita in urban areas averaged 377 m(2)/person, while impervious cover per capita averaged 274 m2/person. Percent tree cover in urban/community areas tends to be significantly higher than in rural areas in several predominantly grassland states, with the greatest difference in Kansas (+17.3%). Most states in more forested regions exhibited a decrease in tree cover between urban/community areas and rural lands, with greatest difference in Kentucky (-37.9%). These changes in tree cover varied significantly among states, illustrating the roles of urban development patterns, management/planning interactions, and the natural environment on creating cover patterns exhibited in urban areas. Understanding these forces and patterns can lead to better planning and management activities to optimize the mix of tree and impervious cover to sustain urban functions while enhancing environmental quality and human health in urban areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Moon Lib 5,SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Moon Lib 5,SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM dnowak@fs.fed.us; ejgreenfield@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service FX Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the U.S. Forest Service's RPA Assessment Staff and State & Private Forestry's Urban and Community Forestry Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this article is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. We thank Mike Boarman, Chris Sorrentino, Maude Morse, Sebastian Varela, Allison Bodine and Tian Zhou for photo-interpretation. We also thank John Stanovick for his statistical assistance and review, and Anne Cumming and Susan Stein for their review of an early draft of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 107 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.04.005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 963ZT UT WOS:000305664200003 ER PT J AU Farr, JN Van Loan, MD Lohman, TG Going, SB AF Farr, Joshua Nicholas Van Loan, Marta D. Lohman, Timothy G. Going, Scott B. TI Lower Physical Activity Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Fat Content in Girls SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE MUSCLE QUALITY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; YOUTHS; PQCT ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; WOMEN; EXERCISE; ADOLESCENTS; STRENGTH AB FARR, J. N., M. D. VAN LOAN, T. G. LOHMAN, and S. B. GOING. Lower Physical Activity Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Fat Content in Girls. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 1375-1381, 2012. Fat contained within skeletal muscle is strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Physical inactivity may be a risk factor for greater fat infiltration within skeletal muscle during growth. Purpose: We sought to examine the relationship between physical activity and skeletal muscle fat content of the calf and thigh in girls. Methods: Data from 464 girls, age 8-13 yr, were used to examine the relationship between physical activity and skeletal muscle fat content of the calf and thigh. Calf and thigh muscle density (mg.cm(-3)), an index of skeletal muscle fat content, was assessed at the 66% tibia and 20% femur sites relative to the respective distal growth plates of the non-dominant limb using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Physical activity level was classified by past-year physical activity questionnaire score. Results: Muscle densities of the calf and thigh were inversely correlated with percent total body fat (r = -0.37 and -0.48, P values < 0.001) and total body fat mass (r = -0.33 and -0.40, P values < 0.001). Multiple linear regression with physical activity, ethnicity, maturity offset, and muscle cross-sectional area as independent variables showed that physical activity was independently associated with muscle densities of the calf (beta = 0.14, P = 0.002) and thigh (beta = 0.15, P < 0.001). Thus, lower physical activity was associated with higher skeletal muscle fat content. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a lower level of physical activity may lead to excess skeletal muscle fat content of the calf and thigh in girls. C1 [Farr, Joshua Nicholas; Lohman, Timothy G.] Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Van Loan, Marta D.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Going, Scott B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Farr, JN (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol Sci, 1713 E Univ Blvd 93, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jfarr@email.arizona.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD-050775]; National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [T32 GM-08400] FX The project described was supported by award number HD-050775 (S. G.) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. J.F. is supported by National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant T32 GM-08400, Graduate Training in Systems and Integrative Physiology. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824749b2 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 961NX UT WOS:000305473200023 PM 22217562 ER PT J AU Zhu, LC Liu, XM Wang, HY Khajuria, C Reese, JC Whitworth, RJ Welti, R Chen, MS AF Zhu, Lieceng Liu, Xuming Wang, Haiyan Khajuria, Chitvan Reese, John C. Whitworth, R. Jeff Welti, Ruth Chen, Ming-Shun TI Rapid Mobilization of Membrane Lipids in Wheat Leaf Sheaths During Incompatible Interactions with Hessian Fly SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR LARVAE; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; PLANT DEFENSE; WATER-STRESS; WINTER-WHEAT; GALL MIDGE; RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; LEAVES AB Hessian fly (HF) is a biotrophic insect that interacts with wheat on a gene-for-gene basis. We profiled changes in membrane lipids in two isogenic wheat lines: a susceptible line and its backcrossed offspring containing the resistance gene H13. Our results revealed a 32 to 45% reduction in total concentrations of 129 lipid species in resistant plants during incompatible interactions within 24 h after HF attack. A smaller and delayed response was observed in susceptible plants during compatible interactions. Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 168 lipid-metabolism-related transcripts revealed that the abundance of many of these transcripts increased rapidly in resistant plants after HF attack but did not change in susceptible plants. In association with the rapid mobilization of membrane lipids, the concentrations of some fatty acids and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) increased specifically in resistant plants. Exogenous application of OPDA increased mortality of HF larvae significantly. Collectively, our data, along with previously published results, indicate that the lipids were mobilized through lipolysis, producing free fatty acids, which were likely further converted into oxylipins and other defense molecules. Our results suggest that rapid mobilization of membrane lipids constitutes an important step for wheat to defend against HF attack. C1 [Liu, Xuming; Khajuria, Chitvan; Reese, John C.; Whitworth, R. Jeff; Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zhu, Lieceng] Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. [Wang, Haiyan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Welti, Ruth] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ming-shun.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Khajuria, Chitvan/E-7690-2012; OI Welti, Ruth/0000-0003-4373-2538 FU NIH, NCMHD, Department of Health and Human Services [P20 MD001089]; NSF [EPS 0236913, MCB 0920663, 0455318, DBI 0521587]; Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation, Kansas INBRE (NIH) [P20RR16475]; Kansas State University FX We thank C. M. Smith and R. Bowden for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript; and M. Roth, R. Jeannoue, and T. Samarakoon for technical assistance. This article is contribution number 11-070-i from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. This research is a joint effort from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service at Manhattan, and Fayetteville State University. This research was partially supported by a grant (P20 MD001089) from NIH, NCMHD, Department of Health and Human Services. The lipid analyses described in this work were performed at the Kansas Lipidomics Research Center. where instrument acquisition and method development was supported by NSF (EPS 0236913, MCB 0920663 and 0455318, DBI 0521587), Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation, Kansas INBRE (NIH P20RR16475). and Kansas State University. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 920 EP 930 DI 10.1094/MPMI-01-12-0022-R PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 961XV UT WOS:000305503700008 PM 22668001 ER PT J AU Bansal, S Nilsson, MC Wardle, DA AF Bansal, Sheel Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte Wardle, David A. TI Response of photosynthetic carbon gain to ecosystem retrogression of vascular plants and mosses in the boreal forest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Betula pubescens; Feather moss; Nitrogen; Respiration; Vaccinium myrtillus ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; NUTRIENT-ACQUISITION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NORTHERN SWEDEN; SOIL FERTILITY; ISLAND AREA; WATER-USE AB In the long-term absence of rejuvenating disturbances, forest succession frequently proceeds from a maximal biomass phase to a retrogressive phase characterized by reduced nutrient availability [notably nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] and net primary productivity. Few studies have considered how retrogression induces changes in ecophysiological responses associated with photosynthetic carbon (C) gain, and only for trees. We tested the hypothesis that retrogression would negatively impact photosynthetic C gain of four contrasting species, and that this impact would be greater for vascular plants (i.e., trees and shrubs) than for non-vascular plants (i.e., mosses). We used a 5,000-year-old chronosequence of forested islands in Sweden, where retrogression occurs in the long-term absence of lightning-ignited wildfires. Despite fundamental differences in plant form and ecological niche among species, vascular plants and mosses showed similar ecophysiological responses to retrogression. The most common effects of retrogression were reductions in photosynthesis and respiration per unit foliar N, increases in foliar N, delta C-13 and delta N-15, and decreases in specific leaf areas. In contrast, photosynthesis per unit mass or area generally did not change along the chronosequence, but did vary many-fold between vascular plants and mosses. The consistent increases in foliar N without corresponding increases in mass- or area-based photosynthesis suggest that other factor(s), such as P co-limitation, light conditions or water availability, may co-regulate C gain in retrogressive boreal forests. Against our predictions, traits of mosses associated with C and N were generally highly responsive to retrogression, which has implications for how mosses influence ecosystem processes in boreal forests. C1 [Bansal, Sheel] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Bansal, Sheel; Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte; Wardle, David A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Bansal, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM sheelbansal9@gmail.com RI Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Nilsson Hegethorn, Marie-Charlotte/B-1802-2017; OI Wardle, David/0000-0002-0476-7335; Nilsson Hegethorn, Marie-Charlotte/0000-0002-9254-2223; Bansal, Sheel/0000-0003-1233-1707 FU Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet); Wallenberg Scholars award; SLU FX We thank Dr. Waite for help in the design and Unimeg at Umea University for construction of the customized gas exchange chamber to measure moss photosynthesis, Elin Norlin for help in acquiring the portable gas exchange system and performing isotope analyses, Tim Steinkraus for assistance in the field, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by a Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) grant and a Wallenberg Scholars award to D. A. W., and a SLU grant awarded to M.C.N. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2012 VL 169 IS 3 BP 661 EP 672 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-2246-z PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958II UT WOS:000305229400008 PM 22228262 ER PT J AU Macarisin, D O'Brien, C Fayer, R Bauchan, G Jenkins, M AF Macarisin, Dumitru O'Brien, Celia Fayer, Ronald Bauchan, Gary Jenkins, Mark TI Immunolocalization of beta- and delta-giardin within the ventral disk in trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis using multiplex laser scanning confocal microscopy SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAMBLIA; PROTEIN; CYTOSKELETON; COLOCALIZATION; BINDING; ANNEXIN; GENE AB Immunolocalization of beta- and delta-giardin in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites revealed that both giardins are strictly associated with the ventral disk (VD). Optical sectioning of the immunolabeled VD, together with quantitative colocalization of delta- and beta-giardin immunoreactivity, demonstrated that delta-giardin is primarily localized to the ventral side, and beta-giardin is localized to the dorsal side of the VD. C1 [Macarisin, Dumitru; O'Brien, Celia; Fayer, Ronald; Jenkins, Mark] ARS, USDA, BARC, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary] ARS, USDA, Electron & Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Macarisin, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dumitru.macarisin@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00436-012-2825-x PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 962HE UT WOS:000305532700026 PM 22302479 ER PT J AU RoyChowdhury, M Jia, Y Jia, MH Fjellstrom, R Cartwright, RD AF RoyChowdhury, M. Jia, Y. Jia, M. H. Fjellstrom, R. Cartwright, R. D. TI Identification of the Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pib in the National Small Grains Collection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; REPEAT PROTEIN; CORE SUBSET; MARKERS; VARIETIES; ENCODES; ORYZAE; POPULATION AB The Pib gene in rice confers resistance to a wide range of races of the rice blast pathogen, Magnaporthe otiyzae, including race IElk that overcomes Pita, another broad-spectrum resistance gene. In this study, the presence of Pib was determined in 164 rice germplasm accessions from a core subset of the National Small Grains Collection utilizing DNA markers and pathogenicity assays. The presence of Pih was evaluated with two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and a dominant marker (Pib-dom) derived from the Pib gene sequence. Pathogenicity assays using two avirulent races (1E1 k and IB I) and a virulent race (1B54) were performed to verify the resistance responses of accessions. Of the 164 accessions evaluated, 109 contained the Pib gene as determined using both SSR markers and pathogenicity assays, albeit different haplotypes were detected. The remaining 52 germplasm accessions were different in their responses to the blast races IB54, IElk, and 1B I, thus indicating the presence of R gene(s) other than Pib. The accessions characterized in this study could be used for marker-assisted breeding to improve blast resistance in indica and japonica cultivars worldwide. C1 [Jia, Y.; Jia, M. H.; Fjellstrom, R.] ARS, USDA, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [RoyChowdhury, M.; Cartwright, R. D.] Univ Arkansas, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 BP 700 EP 706 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-12-0026-R PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 961BV UT WOS:000305439800007 PM 22667447 ER PT J AU Nunes, MA de Oliveira, CAL de Oliveira, ML Kitajima, EW Hilf, ME Gottwald, TR Freitas-Astua, J AF Nunes, M. A. de Oliveira, C. A. L. de Oliveira, M. L. Kitajima, E. W. Hilf, M. E. Gottwald, T. R. Freitas-Astua, J. TI Transmission of Citrus leprosis virus C by Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) to Alternative Host Plants Found in Citrus Orchards SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; CYTOPLASMIC TYPE; TENUIPALPIDAE; ACARI; CALIFORNICUS; SYMPTOMS; OBOVATUS; DISEASES; BIOLOGY AB The equivalent of US$75 million is spent each year in Brazil to control Brevipalpus phoenicis, a mite vector of Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C). In this study, we investigated the possibility that hedgerows and windbreaks normally found in citrus orchards could host CiLV-C. Mites confined by an adhesive barrier were reared on sweet orange fruit with leprosis symptoms then were transferred to leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Malvaviscus arboreus, Grevilea robusta, Bixa orellana, and Citrus sinensis. Ninety days post infestation, the descendant mites were transferred to Pera sweet orange plants to verify the transmissibility of the virus back to citrus. Nonviruliferous mites which had no feeding access to diseased tissue were used as controls. Local chlorotic or necrotic spots and ringspots, symptoms of leprosis disease, appeared in most plants tested. Results generated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for CiLV-C and by electron microscope analyses confirmed the susceptibility of these plants to CiLV-C. C1 [Nunes, M. A.] Embrapa Cassava & Fruits Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio M, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. [de Oliveira, C. A. L.; de Oliveira, M. L.] FCAV UNESP, Depto Fitossanidade, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Kitajima, E. W.] ESALQ, Depto Fitopatol & Nematol, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Hilf, M. E.; Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Nunes, MA (reprint author), Embrapa Cassava & Fruits Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio M, CP 4, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. EM andreia@centrodecitricultura.br RI Oliveira, Marcio/F-3792-2012; Citros, Inct/I-2442-2013; Freitas-Astua, Juliana/C-5833-2013 OI Freitas-Astua, Juliana/0000-0002-0506-6880 FU FAPESP; EMBRAPA; USDA-ARS; Fundecitrus FX This research was partially supported by FAPESP, EMBRAPA, USDA-ARS, and Fundecitrus. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 96 IS 7 BP 968 EP 972 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-11-0538 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 960HU UT WOS:000305379400006 ER PT J AU Shishkoff, N AF Shishkoff, Nina TI Susceptibility of Some Common Container Weeds to Phytophthora ramorum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA; RHODODENDRON; POPULATIONS; LYCOPERSICI; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; PATHOGEN; ROOTS; SOIL; MIX AB Phytophthora ramorum is known to infect a number of ornamental plants grown in containerized culture. However, pots may also contain weeds. In this research, the foliage of 14 common weeds of containerized plant culture was inoculated with P. ramorum to determine susceptibility of aboveground parts. Three species were found to develop leaf lesions: northern willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum), fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium), and a fern (Pteris cretica). Weed roots from 11 species were inoculated to see if P ramorum could persist on roots, and P ramorum was isolated from most plant roots 1 month after inoculation when the washed roots were plated on selective medium; they were recovered only to a minor extent from surface-sterilized roots of weeds. Additional experiments were done to collect and sample runoff from pots containing inoculated plants to see if inoculum was produced on weed roots. In these experiments, little inoculum was found in runoff from root-inoculated weeds compared to Viburnum tin us. Percent root colonization recorded from washed roots was significantly greater in Viburnum compared to the weeds, and weeds that were foliar hosts had greater root colonization than weeds that were not. C1 ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Shishkoff, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Nina.Shishkoff@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1026 EP 1032 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-10-0695-RE PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 960HU UT WOS:000305379400015 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS Ledbetter, CA Chen, JC Higbee, BS Groves, RL Daane, KM AF Sisterson, Mark S. Ledbetter, Craig A. Chen, Jianchi Higbee, Bradley S. Groves, Russell L. Daane, Kent M. TI Management of Almond Leaf Scorch Disease: Long-Term Data on Yield, Tree Vitality, and Disease Progress SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; PIERCES-DISEASE; CALIFORNIA; VECTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGEN; ORCHARDS AB Almond leaf scorch disease (ALSO) has been a chronic problem for California almond growers. This disease is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and is transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. Previous research suggested that retaining, rather than roguing, ALSD-affected trees may be more economically beneficial because ALSD-affected trees produced a reasonable yield and did not die over a 3-year period. Because almond orchards are kept in production for approximately 25 years, longer-term data are needed to fully evaluate the merits of retaining ALSD-affected trees. Extension of yield evaluations from 3 to 5 years demonstrated that yield loss due to ALSD was consistent over 5 years, with yields of ALSD-affected trees reduced by 20 and 40% compared with unaffected trees for 'Nonpareil' and 'Sonora', respectively. To assess risk of ALSD-affected trees serving as a source of inocula for secondary (tree-to-tree) spread and to evaluate vitality of ALSD-affected trees, previous surveys of two orchards were extended from 3 to 6 or 7 years. The relationship between disease incidence (percentage of trees infected) and survey year was linear for all cultivars examined at both orchards. Furthermore, at each orchard, the spatial location of infections detected after the first survey was random with respect to the spatial location of infections identified during the first survey, suggesting that ALSD-affected trees retained in orchards did not serve as a source for secondary spread. Over the 6- to 7-year study period, death of ALSD-affected trees was rare, with only 9% of ALSD-affected trees dying. Because orchards used in this study had relatively high disease incidence, 61 orchards containing Sonora were surveyed to determine typical levels of ALSD incidence. ALSD was widespread, with at least one infected tree in 56% of orchards surveyed, but incidence was typically low (mean incidence = 0.47%). Collectively, the results suggest that retaining ALSD-affected trees may be economically beneficial in older orchards. C1 [Sisterson, Mark S.; Ledbetter, Craig A.; Chen, Jianchi] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Higbee, Bradley S.] Paramt Farming, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. [Groves, Russell L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Daane, Kent M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mark.sisterson@ars.usda.gov FU Almond Board of California FX Partial funding was provided by the Almond Board of California. We thank T. de la Torre, D. Dwyer, E. Felts, F. Higuera, J. Magana, M. Schreiber, and S. Uchima for help with field and laboratory work; and R. Krugner, D. Stenger, and C. Wistrom for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1037 EP 1044 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0693-RE PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 960HU UT WOS:000305379400017 ER PT J AU Alabi, OJ Crosslin, JM Saidov, N Naidu, RA AF Alabi, O. J. Crosslin, J. M. Saidov, N. Naidu, R. A. TI First Report of Potato virus Y in Potato in Tajikistan SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Alabi, O. J.; Naidu, R. A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Saidov, N.] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas ICARDA, IPM CRSP Project, Tashkent 700000, Uzbekistan. RP Alabi, OJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. OI Alabi, Olufemi/0000-0002-2471-7052 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1074 EP 1075 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-12-0249-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 960HU UT WOS:000305379400049 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TMD Chang, S Condon, B Uchimiya, M Graves, E Smith, J Easson, M Wakelyn, P AF Nguyen, Thach-Mien D. Chang, SeChin Condon, Brian Uchimiya, Minori Graves, Elena Smith, Jade Easson, Michael Wakelyn, Phillip TI Synthesis and characterization of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing flame retardant and its application for textile SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE cotton fabric; flame retardant; phosphorus; triazine; vertical flame test ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; PHOSPHATE; METHACRYLATE; COPOLYMERS; BEHAVIORS; COATINGS; POLYMER AB The economic and environmentally friendly flame-retardant compound, tetramethyl (6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(methylene) diphosphonate (CN-1), was synthesized by a simple two-step procedure from dimethyl phosphate, and its chemical structure was characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Using the traditional paddrycure method, we obtained several different add-ons (wt%) by treating cotton twill fabric with flame retardant (CN-1). Thermogravimetric analysis, in an air and nitrogen atmosphere, of the modified cotton showed that decomposition occurred similar to 230 degrees C with 16% residue weight char yield at 600 degrees C, indicating high thermal stability for all treated levels. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical flammability test were employed to determine the effectiveness of the flame-retardant treatments on the fabrics. LOI values increased from similar to 18?vol% oxygen in nitrogen for untreated fabric to maximum of 34?vol% for the highest treatment level. Fabrics with higher levels of flame retardant also easily passed the vertical flammability test. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the chemical structure as well as the surface morphology of the flame-retardant treated twill fabrics, including char area and the edge between unburned fabric and char area. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nguyen, Thach-Mien D.; Chang, SeChin; Condon, Brian; Uchimiya, Minori; Graves, Elena; Smith, Jade; Easson, Michael] USDA ARS, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Wakelyn, Phillip] Wakelyn Associates LLC, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sechin.chang@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture FX We thank the US Department of Agriculture for financial support. The authors especially wish to express their gratitude to the Drs. Ryan Slopek, John Bland, Chanel Fortier, and Lynda Wartelle, and Christa Madison. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1036 EP 1044 DI 10.1002/pat.2008 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 962UH UT WOS:000305570600002 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Cheng, HW AF Dennis, R. L. Cheng, H. W. TI Effects of different infrared beak treatment protocols on chicken welfare and physiology SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laying hen; beak trim; infrared beak trim ID TOPOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR; POULTRY; GROWTH; HENS AB Infrared beak trimming provides an alternative to conventional trimming, purporting to provide a welfare-friendly means of trimming. The infrared system can be adjusted to use multiple plate and power settings. In the present study, we used 2 different plate sizes (27/23C, less severe; 25/23C, more severe) with each of 3 power settings: high (52), moderate (48), and low (44). These birds, along with conventionally (hot blade; FIB) trimmed birds were maintained in an industry egg-laying facility. Physiological and behavioral measures were taken at 5, 10, 20, and 30 wk. All birds followed a similar growth curve; birds from the 27/23C (48) protocol were the heaviest across all ages and 25/23C (44) birds were the lightest. Upper and lower beak growth curves showed birds trimmed with 25/23C protocols had shorter upper and lower beaks compared with 27/23C protocols or HB. Birds trimmed using 27/23 (44) and (48) had consistently longer upper and lower mandibles. Amount of feed wasted was greatest in HB and 27/23C birds and tended to be reduced in 27/23 (48) and 25/23 (48) and (52) birds (P < 0.10). Beak-related behaviors (eating, drinking, and pecking) were measured to observe the effects of trimming protocol on beak usage, which could indicate beak pain or morphological changes that inhibit normal behaviors. Walking behavior was also measured to assess overall activity. Behavior analysis revealed that compared with HB-trimmed birds, those of 27/23C protocols walked and drank more at a young age. At 5 and 10 wk of age, a test feather was attached to the cage and pecking at as well as the damage score of the feather were determined. Birds from 27/23C (44) and (48) protocols pecked significantly more at the feather than HB, whereas FIB and 25/23C (52) birds had the highest damage score. The results from the study suggest that infrared protocols can be optimized for superior productivity as well as animal well-being. C1 [Dennis, R. L.; Cheng, H. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dennis, R. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Heng-wei.Cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 49 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1499 EP 1505 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01651 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 962ZP UT WOS:000305590200001 PM 22700492 ER PT J AU Felver-Gant, JN Mack, LA Dennis, RL Eicher, SD Cheng, HW AF Felver-Gant, J. N. Mack, L. A. Dennis, R. L. Eicher, S. D. Cheng, H. W. TI Genetic variations alter physiological responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic selection; dopamine; serotonin; heat shock protein 70; hen ID HIGH AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; WHITE LEGHORN LAYERS; BROILER-CHICKENS; GROUP SELECTION; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; BLOOD-FLOW; LINES; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETERS; ADAPTATION AB Heat stress (HS) is a major problem experienced by the poultry industry during high-temperature conditions. The ability to manage the detrimental effects of HS can be attributed to multiple factors, including genetic background of flocks. The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic variation in HS effects on laying hens' physiological homeostasis. Ninety 28-wk-old White Leghorn hens of 2 strains were used: a commercial line of individually selected hens for high egg production, DeKalb XL (DXL), and a line of group-selected hens for high productivity and survivability, named kind gentle bird (KGB). Hens were randomly paired by strain and assigned to hot or control treatment for 14 d. Physical and physiological parameters were analyzed at d 8 and 14 posttreatment. Compared with controls, HS increased hen's core body temperature (P < 0.05) and decreased BW (P < 0.05) at d 8 and 14. Heat shock protein 70 concentrations in the liver were greater in hens exposed to HS (P < 0.05). Compared with DXL hens, KGB hens had higher heat shock protein 70 concentrations (P < 0.05). The hens' liver weight decreased following HS, with less of a response in the KGB line (P < 0.05). The data indicate HS has detrimental effects on the physiology of laying hens due to genetic variations. These data provide evidence that is valuable for determining genetic interventions for laying hens under HS. C1 [Dennis, R. L.; Eicher, S. D.; Cheng, H. W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Felver-Gant, J. N.; Mack, L. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM Heng-Wei.Cheng@ars.usda.gov RI Mack, Laurie/J-7475-2013 OI Mack, Laurie/0000-0003-0409-8992 NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 23 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1542 EP 1551 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01988 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 962ZP UT WOS:000305590200006 PM 22700497 ER PT J AU Rochell, SJ Applegate, TJ Kim, EJ Dozier, WA AF Rochell, S. J. Applegate, T. J. Kim, E. J. Dozier, W. A., III TI Effects of diet type and ingredient composition on rate of passage and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rate of passage; ingredient composition; broiler ID TRANSIT-TIME; FEED PASSAGE; NONSTARCH POLYSACCHARIDES; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; TURKEY POULTS; NITROGEN-FREE; FOOD PASSAGE; CASEIN DIET; PERFORMANCE; FAT AB This experiment evaluated rate of passage (ROP) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) of 4 diets varying in ingredient composition fed to broilers from 14 to 22 d of age. Two hundred and 88 Ross x Ross 708 chicks (12 birds per cage; 0.45 m(2) per bird) were randomly assigned to 24 cages (6 replicate cages per treatment) at 1 d of age. Experimental diets were 1) corn-soybean meal-based (CSM) diet containing porcine meat and bone meal (MBM; 5% inclusion), 2) CSM diet containing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 5% inclusion), 3) semipurified (SP) diet containing MBM (38% inclusion), and 4) SP diet containing DDGS (76% inclusion). Diets were formulated to contain 20% CP and were adequate for vitamins and minerals. Experimental diets were provided from d 14 to 22. On d 18, a total excreta collection was conducted every hour for 12 h from 0800 to 1900 h to determine ROP, and AIAAD was determined on d 22. Time of 1% TiO2 excretion (T1), 50% TiO2 excretion (T50), and mean retention time (MRT) were used to express ROP. The SP-MBM diet reached T1 (P < 0.05) faster than the SP-DDGS or 2 CSM diets. However, T50 indicated a faster (P < 0.05) ROP for SP-DDGS than the 2 CSM diets, and no significant difference was observed between the 2 SP diets. The MRT of the SP-DDGS diet (5.13 h) was less (P < 0.05) than the MRT of the SP-MBM, CSM-MBM, and CSM-DDGS diets, which resulted in values of 5.48, 5.62, and 5.58 h, respectively. In general, the AIAAD values were higher (P < 0.05) for the 2 CSM diets than for SP diets. Except for His, no statistical differences were observed between the AIAAD of the 2 CSM diets. Comparing the 2 SP diets, AIAAD was usually similar or higher (P < 0.05) for SP-DDGS, except for His, Lys, and Gly, which were higher (P < 0.05) for SP-MBM. Based on T50 and MRT, SP diets containing DDGS had a faster ROP in broilers than CSM diets or SP diets containing MBM. C1 [Rochell, S. J.; Dozier, W. A., III] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Applegate, T. J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, E. J.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bill.dozier@auburn.edu OI Applegate, Todd/0000-0002-2406-5058 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 22 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1647 EP 1653 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02173 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 962ZP UT WOS:000305590200020 PM 22700511 ER PT J AU Kollanoor-Johny, A Mattson, T Baskaran, SA Amalaradjou, MAR Hoagland, TA Darre, MJ Khan, MI Schreiber, DT Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ Venkitanarayanan, K AF Kollanoor-Johny, A. Mattson, T. Baskaran, S. A. Amalaradjou, M. A. R. Hoagland, T. A. Darre, M. J. Khan, M. I. Schreiber, D. T. Donoghue, A. M. Donoghue, D. J. Venkitanarayanan, K. TI Caprylic acid reduces Salmonella Enteritidis populations in various segments of digestive tract and internal organs of 3- and 6-week-old broiler chickens, therapeutically SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE caprylic acid; chicken; antibacterial; Salmonella Enteritidis; invasion ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI COLONIZATION; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION TREATMENT; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SECRETION SYSTEM; INVASION GENES; DRINKING-WATER; INFECTION AB We investigated the efficacy of feed supplemented with caprylic acid (CA), a natural, 8-carbon fatty acid for reducing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization in commercial broiler chickens. In separate 3- and 6-wk trials, 1-d-old straight-run broiler chicks (n = 70 birds/trial) were assigned to a control group (challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis, no CA) and 2 replicates of 0.7 and 1% CA (n = 14 birds/group). Water and feed were provided ad libitum. On d 1, birds were tested for any inherent Salmonella (n = 2 birds/group). For the 3-wk trial, on d 5, birds were challenged with 8 log(10) cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis of a 4-strain mixture by crop gavage, and after 5 d postchallenge, birds (n = 2 birds/group) were euthanized to ensure Salmonella Enteritidis colonization. Caprylic acid was supplemented the last 5 d before tissue collection (n = 10 birds/group). For the 6-wk trial, on d 25, birds were challenged and confirmed for Salmonella Enteritidis colonization. The birds (n = 10 birds/group) were euthanized for tissue samples after CA supplementation for the last 5 d. Caprylic acid at 0.7 or 1% decreased Salmonella Enteritidis populations in cecum, small intestine, cloaca, liver, and spleen in both 3- and 6-wk trials. Body weight of birds did not differ between the groups (P >= 0.05). Further, to elucidate a potential antibacterial mechanism of action of CA, we investigated if CA could reduce Salmonella Enteritidis invasion of an avian epithelial cell line and expression of invasion genes hilA and hilD. The cell invasion study revealed that CA reduced invasive abilities of all Salmonella Enteritidis strains by similar to 80% (P < 0.05). Gene expression studies indicated that CA downregulated (P < 0.001) Salmonella invasion genes hilA and hilD. These results suggest that supplementation of CA through feed could reduce Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in broiler chicken and potentially reduces the pathogen's ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells by downregulating key invasion genes, hilA and hilD. C1 [Kollanoor-Johny, A.; Mattson, T.; Baskaran, S. A.; Amalaradjou, M. A. R.; Hoagland, T. A.; Darre, M. J.; Schreiber, D. T.; Venkitanarayanan, K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Khan, M. I.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Venkitanarayanan, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM kumar.venkitanarayanan@uconn.edu RI Kollanoor Johny, Anup/J-3771-2015 FU USDA-National Integrated Food Safety Program [2006-02429] FX This study was supported by a grant (# 2006-02429) from the USDA-National Integrated Food Safety Program. The authors thank Pedram Rezamand, Assistant Professor in the Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho for his assistance with the PROC-GENMOD analysis. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1686 EP 1694 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01716 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 962ZP UT WOS:000305590200025 PM 22700516 ER PT J AU Zhuang, H Savage, EM AF Zhuang, H. Savage, E. M. TI Effects of fillet weight on sensory descriptive flavor and texture profiles of broiler breast meat SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler breast; fillet weight; sensory; flavor; texture ID CARCASS AGING DURATION; BRATZLER SHEAR FORCE; OUTDOOR ACCESS; WARNER-BRATZLER; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; RAISED INDOORS; MUSCLE GROWTH; POULTRY MEAT; ALLO-KRAMER; LIVE WEIGHT AB Four replications were conducted to compare sensory descriptive profiles of cooked boneless skinless chicken breast categorized by fillet (pectoralis major) weight or size. In each replication, 20 heavy fillets, 20 medium fillets, and 20 light fillets (deboned at 6-8 h postmortem) were obtained from a commercial processing plant. Fillets were trimmed and weighed before chosen for each of 3 size categories based on their weight as follows: light, average weight 112 g; medium, average weight 153 g; and heavy, average weight 204 g. Descriptive sensory texture and flavor attributes were measured after the frozen samples were thawed for 24 h at a refrigerated temperature (2 degrees C) and cooked to an endpoint temperature of 78 degrees C. Sensory evaluations were performed by trained descriptive panelists using 0 to 15 universal intensity scales for 8 texture and 10 flavor attributes. Our results show that there were differences (P < 0.05) in intensity scores of sensory descriptive texture and flavor attributes cohesiveness, hardness, juiciness, cardboardy, and sourness, among the 3 weight categories. The average cohesiveness, hardness, and sourness scores of the heavy and light fillets were higher than the medium fillets. The juiciness score of the heavy fillets was higher than that of the light fillets, and the cardboardy score of the light fillets was higher than those of the medium and heavy fillets. The juiciness score of the medium fillets did not differ from that of either the light or heavy fillets, and there was no difference for cardboardy scores between the medium and heavy fillets. These results indicate that fillet weight or size in the range (95-230 g) assessed in this study may influence sensory descriptive flavor and texture profiles of cooked broiler breast fillets deboned 6 to 8 h postmortem. Current genetic selection of broiler lines based on growth rate and feed efficiency may sacrifice breast meat quality. However, it remains to be determined if the differences in the sensory descriptive evaluation can be perceived by consumers. C1 [Zhuang, H.; Savage, E. M.] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Zhuang, H (reprint author), USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM hong.zhuang@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1695 EP 1702 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01884 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 962ZP UT WOS:000305590200026 PM 22700517 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW AF Peterson, Stephen W. TI Aspergillus and Penicillium identification using DNA sequences: barcode or MLST? SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Barcode; MLST; Species concept; Trichocomaceae ID SPECIES RECOGNITION; SP NOV.; FUNGI; MELBOURNE; NOMENCLATURE; NEUROSPORA; CODE; PCR AB Current methods in DNA technology can detect single nucleotide polymorphisms with measurable accuracy using several different approaches appropriate for different uses. If there are even single nucleotide differences that are invariant markers of the species, we can accomplish identification through rapid DNA-based tests. The question of whether we can reliably detect and identify species of Aspergillus and Penicillium turns mainly upon the completeness of our alpha taxonomy, our species concepts, and how well the available DNA data coincide with the taxonomic diversity in the family Trichocomaceae. No single gene is yet known that is invariant within species and variable between species as would be optimal for the barcode approach. Data are published that would make an MLST approach to isolate identification possible in the most well-studied clades of Aspergillus and Penicillium. C1 ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stephen.peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 2 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1007/s00253-012-4165-2 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 958HL UT WOS:000305227100007 PM 22639145 ER PT J AU Shi, JL Zeng, Q Liu, YL Pan, ZL AF Shi, Junling Zeng, Qin Liu, Yanlin Pan, Zhongli TI Alternaria sp MG1, a resveratrol-producing fungus: isolation, identification, and optimal cultivation conditions for resveratrol production SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Resveratrol; Endophyte; Alternaria; Response surface method ID STILBENE SYNTHASE GENES; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIFE-SPAN; CAMPTOTHECIN; GRAPES; L.; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN; MICROORGANISMS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Due to its potential in preventing or slowing the occurrence of many diseases, resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) has attracted great research interest. The objective of this study was to identify microorganisms from selected plants that produce resveratrol and to optimize the conditions for resveratrol production. Endophytes from Merlot wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot), wild Vitis (Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.), and Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.) were isolated, and their abilities to produce resveratrol were evaluated. A total of 65 isolates were obtained and 21 produced resveratrol (6-123 mu g/L) in liquid culture. The resveratrol-producing isolates belonged to seven genera, Botryosphaeria, Penicillium, Cephalosporium, Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Mucor, and Alternaria. The resveratrol-producing capability decreased or was completely lost in most isolates after three rounds of subculture. It was found that only the strain Alternaria sp. MG1 (isolated from cob of Merlot using GA1 medium) had stable and high resveratrol-producing capability in all subcultures. During liquid cultivation of Alternaria sp. MG1 in potato dextrose medium, the synthesis of resveratrol began on the first day, increased to peak levels on day 7, and then decreased sharply thereafter. Cell growth increased during cultivation and reached a stable and high level of biomass after 5 days. The best fermentation conditions for resveratrol production in liquid cultures of Alternaria sp. MG1 were an inoculum size of 6 %, a medium volume of 125 mL in a 250-mL flask, a rotation speed of 101 rpm, and a temperature of 27 A degrees C. C1 [Shi, Junling; Zeng, Qin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yanlin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Enol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shi, JL (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, 28 Xinong Rd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China. EM sjlshi2004@yahoo.com.cn FU Agriculture Department of China [nycytx-30, 201003021] FX The authors wish to thank Prof. Bai Xianjin for providing the materials of wild Vitis, Prof. Xia Xiaodong for revising professional issues, and Dr. Evan Burkala for English polishing, and to acknowledge the financial support from the Agriculture Department of China through Project Numbers of nycytx-30 and 201003021. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 IS 2 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s00253-012-4045-9 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 958HL UT WOS:000305227100010 PM 22526800 ER PT J AU Dray, FA Center, TD Mattison, ED AF Dray, F. Allen, Jr. Center, Ted D. Mattison, Elizabeth D. TI In situ estimates of waterhyacinth leaf tissue nitrogen using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Eichhornia crassipes; Nitrogen; Chlorophyll meter; Insect-plant interactions ID WEEVILS NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ARUNDO-DONAX; CRASSIPES; LEAVES; READINGS; DYNAMICS; INSECTS; QUALITY; IMPACT AB Previous investigations with Eichhornia crassipes and its biological control agents Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae identified leaf tissue nitrogen (N) as a driver in their interactions. However, traditional methods for determining plant tissue N content are cumbersome, time-consuming, and destructive-and thus unsuited for rapid in situ evaluations. We therefore tested the utility of a hand-held chlorophyll meter as a means of producing in situ estimates of N in the leaves of this floating aquatic weed. The Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter provided excellent estimates (F= 385.96, P< 0.0001) of leaf tissue N levels. SPAD readings varied within leaves (F= 78.66, P< 0.0001), so average readings per leaf were used. The relationship between SPAD readings and tissue N levels was affected by the phenological stage of the leaf (F= 102.79, P <0.0001), but not leaf size (F= 0.7 5, P= 0.3867). The estimates were also unaffected by fertilizer level (F= 0.95, P=0.4354), but were marginally affected by herbivory (F= 3.86, P=0.0505). Thus, with suitable calibration (e.g., different field sites, presence and type of herbivory) output from the SPAD-502 could be used to provide consistent estimates for the nitrogen content of E. crassipes leaves. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dray, F. Allen, Jr.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Dray, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Allen.Dray@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 100 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.03.005 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 956RX UT WOS:000305107900011 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Wollrab, S Horan, D Chandler, G AF Isaak, D. J. Wollrab, S. Horan, D. Chandler, G. TI Climate change effects on stream and river temperatures across the northwest US from 1980-2009 and implications for salmonid fishes SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INTERIOR COLUMBIA RIVER; WATER TEMPERATURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROOK TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; BULL TROUT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Thermal regimes in rivers and streams are fundamentally important to aquatic ecosystems and are expected to change in response to climate forcing as the Earth's temperature warms. Description and attribution of stream temperature changes are key to understanding how these ecosystems may be affected by climate change, but difficult given the rarity of long-term monitoring data. We assembled 18 temperature time-series from sites on regulated and unregulated streams in the northwest U.S. to describe historical trends from 1980-2009 and assess thermal consistency between these stream categories. Statistically significant temperature trends were detected across seven sites on unregulated streams during all seasons of the year, with a cooling trend apparent during the spring and warming trends during the summer, fall, and winter. The amount of warming more than compensated for spring cooling to cause a net temperature increase, and rates of warming were highest during the summer (raw trend = 0.17A degrees C/decade; reconstructed trend = 0.22A degrees C/decade). Air temperature was the dominant factor explaining long-term stream temperature trends (82-94% of trends) and inter-annual variability (48-86% of variability), except during the summer when discharge accounted for approximately half (52%) of the inter-annual variation in stream temperatures. Seasonal temperature trends at eleven sites on regulated streams were qualitatively similar to those at unregulated sites if two sites managed to reduce summer and fall temperatures were excluded from the analysis. However, these trends were never statistically significant due to greater variation among sites that resulted from local water management policies and effects of upstream reservoirs. Despite serious deficiencies in the stream temperature monitoring record, our results suggest many streams in the northwest U.S. are exhibiting a regionally coherent response to climate forcing. More extensive monitoring efforts are needed as are techniques for short-term sensitivity analysis and reconstructing historical temperature trends so that spatial and temporal patterns of warming can be better understood. Continuation of warming trends this century will increasingly stress important regional salmon and trout resources and hamper efforts to recover these species, so comprehensive vulnerability assessments are needed to provide strategic frameworks for prioritizing conservation efforts. C1 [Isaak, D. J.; Wollrab, S.; Horan, D.; Chandler, G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn Air Water & Aquat Program, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn Air Water & Aquat Program, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey for making the stream temperature and discharge data available. This project was supported by the Rocky Mountain Research Station-Air, Water, and Aquatic Environments Program. An earlier draft of this manuscript was improved by comments from Bruce Rieman and Frank McCormick. NR 113 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 118 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2012 VL 113 IS 2 BP 499 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0326-z PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958BR UT WOS:000305211500023 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Bingol, G Chiou, BS Klamczynski, AP Pan, ZL AF Glenn, Gregory M. Bingol, Gokhan Chiou, Bor-Sen Klamczynski, Artur P. Pan, Zhongli TI Sodium bentonite-based coatings containing starch for protecting structures in wildfire emergency situations SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Intumescent; Fire foam; Fire gel; Bioproduct ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; FIRE-RETARDANT; YIELD-STRESS; IGNITION; TEMPERATURE; ACRYLAMIDE; EXPOSURE; MOISTURE; SOLIDS; SPREAD AB Coating materials were developed as a means of protecting structures from fires in emergency situations. Sodium bentonite (SB) gel and foam coatings were evaluated in burn tests for their ability to protect a sample of commercial lap siding from intense heat (42 kW/m(2)). Starch was added to some treatments to determine whether it stabilized the coating and prevented vertical slumping. A commercial fire protection gel coating was included in the study for comparison. Coatings containing starch and the SB gel sample had negligible slumping during burn tests while the commercial gel and the SB foam slumped severely during the test. In rheology studies, samples containing starch had higher G' (elastic modulus), G '' (viscous modulus), and higher yield stress than the commercial gel or SB samples without starch. Surprisingly, the samples containing starch heated more slowly than samples without starch. This could be explained, in part, by the continuous boundary layer (crust) that formed during the burn test that shielded the substrate surface from direct heat exposure, minimized the exposed surface area, and, initially, lowered water vapor flux. Drying tests were performed at 44 degrees C to determine how long the coatings could remain hydrated under severe conditions. The SB gel coatings remained hydrated longer than the SB foam samples. Starch prolonged the drying time (reduced evaporation rate) for both the SB foam and gel samples. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Glenn, Gregory M.; Bingol, Gokhan; Chiou, Bor-Sen; Klamczynski, Artur P.; Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Greg.glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.03.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 956QN UT WOS:000305104300009 ER PT J AU McAllister, S Grenfell, I Hadlow, A Jolly, WM Finney, M Cohen, J AF McAllister, S. Grenfell, I. Hadlow, A. Jolly, W. M. Finney, M. Cohen, J. TI Piloted ignition of live forest fuels SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Ignition; Moisture content; Wildfire ID MOISTURE; FLAMMABILITY; NEEDLES AB The most unpredictable and uncontrollable wildfires are those that burn in the crowns of live vegetation. The fuels that feed these crown fires are mostly live, green foliage. Unfortunately, little is known about how live fuels combust. To understand how live fuels burn, piloted ignition experiments were performed with lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir. The thermal behavior (thick versus thin) of both live and dead needles was explored. Both live and dry needles were shown to behave as thermally intermediate solids in this apparatus. Additionally, samples were collected throughout the growing season to take advantage of the natural variation in moisture content and chemical composition. This data set was then compared to several correlations found in the literature to determine whether live fuel ignition can be predicted by moisture content alone and to test the applicability of these models to the wildland fire problem. Many of the correlations from the literature for ignition time with moisture content fail to capture the trends with live fuels. A linear regression of the ignition time with moisture content only predicts 74-80% of the variability suggesting that there is another mechanism controlling ignition time of live fuels. Based on the hypothesized difference in water storage between live and wet dead fuels, the chemical composition of the live needles was included in an empirical model for ignition time. Including chemical composition improved the prediction accuracy for Douglas-fir needles only. Because the thermal properties of live foliage are largely unknown, it is possible that the predictions from more physically-based models would show improvement with more accurate values of density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McAllister, S.; Grenfell, I.; Hadlow, A.; Jolly, W. M.; Finney, M.; Cohen, J.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, USDA, 5775W US Highway 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service, Fire and Aviation Management through the National Fire Decision Support Center FX This project was funded by U.S. Forest Service, Fire and Aviation Management through the National Fire Decision Support Center. The authors would also like to thank Jake Gerstenberger for his help running the experiments, Cyle Wold and Jim Reardon for their help in setting up the data logging and electrical, and Jack Kautz and Randy Pryhorocki for building the apparatus. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.04.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 956QN UT WOS:000305104300015 ER PT J AU Ayadi, FY Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K Brown, ML AF Ayadi, Ferouz Y. Rosentrater, Kurt A. Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan Brown, Michael L. TI Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Feeds SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; DDGS; Extrusion; Physical properties; Protein; Twin-screw extruder ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FISH-MEAL; NILE TILAPIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; SOYBEAN-MEAL; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; BODY-COMPOSITION; MOISTURE-CONTENT AB Increases in global aquaculture production, compounded with limited availabilities of fish meal for fish feed, has created the need for alternative protein sources. Twin-screw extrusion studies were performed to investigate the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Five isocaloric (similar to 3.06 kcal/g) ingredient blends, adjusted to a target protein content of 36.7% db, were formulated with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) at an initial moisture content of 5-7% db, with appropriate amounts of fish meal, fish oil, whole wheat flour, corn gluten meal, and vitamin and mineral premixes. During processing, varying amounts of steam (6.9-9.7 kg/h) were injected into the conditioner and water (6.7-13.1 kg/h) into the extruder to modulate the cohesiveness of the final extrudates. Extrusion cooking was performed at 226-298 rpm using a 1.9 mm die. Mass flow rate and processing temperatures generally decreased with progressively higher DDGS content. Moisture content, water activity, unit density, bulk density, expansion ratio, compressive strength and modulus, pellet durability index, water stability, angle of repose, and color were extensively analyzed to quantify the effects of varying DDGS content on the physical properties of the final extrudates. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among the blends were observed for color and bulk density for both the raw and extruded material, respectively, and for the unit density of the extruded product. There were also significant changes in brightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) among the final products when increasing the DDGS content of the blends. Expansion ratio and compressive strength of the extrudates were low. On the other hand, all extruded diets resulted in very good water stability properties and nearly all blends achieved high pellet durability indices. In summary, each of the ingredient blends resulted in viable extrudates. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ayadi, Ferouz Y.; Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1978 DI 10.1007/s11947-011-0535-5 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 958CJ UT WOS:000305213500049 ER PT J AU Bufon, VB Lascano, RJ Bednarz, C Booker, JD Gitz, DC AF Bufon, Vinicius Bof Lascano, Robert J. Bednarz, Craig Booker, Jill D. Gitz, Dennis C. TI Soil water content on drip irrigated cotton: comparison of measured and simulated values obtained with the Hydrus 2-D model SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; SUBSURFACE DRIP; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; LEPA IRRIGATION; ROOT; SYSTEM; GROWTH; YIELD; CROP AB Crop irrigation with subsurface drip (SDI) is increasing in the semiarid Texas High Plains (THP). Information on drip-tubing positioning, irrigation strategies, and wetted soil area is needed to increase rainwater effectiveness when well capacities are inadequate to meet full irrigation requirements. Time and resources necessary to test SDI strategies for different conditions through field experimentation is too large. However, a mechanistic model such as Hydrus-2D can quantify the effect of different installation geometries and irrigation strategies. Our objective was to experimentally validate the Hydrus-2D in an Amarillo soil in THP so that the model can be used to evaluate different irrigation frequency and timing strategies for SDI cotton. Results showed that Hydrus-2D simulated volumetric soil water content within +/- 3% of measured values, and simulation bias represented the smaller portion of the simulation error, indicating that the model can be used to evaluate irrigation strategies. C1 [Lascano, Robert J.; Booker, Jill D.; Gitz, Dennis C.] USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Bufon, Vinicius Bof] Embrapa Cerrados, Water Resources & Irrigat, BR-73310970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Bednarz, Craig] Bayer CropSci, Cotton Breeding Stn, Idalou, TX 79329 USA. RP Lascano, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM Vinicius.Bufon@cpac.embrapa.br; Robert.Lascano@ars.usda.gov; Craig.Bednarz@bayer.com FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-ARS; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This research was supported in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University and West Texas A&M University. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 259 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s00271-011-0279-z PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 958EP UT WOS:000305219600002 ER PT J AU Poulsen, HV Jensen, BB Finster, K Spence, C Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA Canibe, N AF Poulsen, H. V. Jensen, B. B. Finster, K. Spence, C. Whitehead, T. R. Cotta, M. A. Canibe, N. TI Microbial production of volatile sulphur compounds in the large intestine of pigs fed two different diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE large intestine; odour; pig; sulphate-reducing bacteria; volatile sulphur compounds ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SWINE OPERATIONS; GROWING PIGS; HUMAN COLON; AMINO-ACID; IN-VITRO AB Aims: To investigate the production of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) in the segments of the large intestine of pigs and to assess the impact of diet on this production. Methods and Results: Pigs were fed two diets based on either wheat and barley (STD) or wheat and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Net production of VSC and potential sulphate reduction rate (SRR) (sulphate saturated) along the large intestine were determined by means of in vitro incubations. The net production rate of hydrogen sulphide and potential SRR increased from caecum towards distal colon and were significantly higher in the STD group. Conversely, the net methanethiol production rate was significantly higher in the DDGS group, while no difference was observed for dimethyl sulphide. The number of sulphate-reducing bacteria and total bacteria were determined by quantitative PCR and showed a significant increase along the large intestine, whereas no diet-related differences were observed. Conclusion: VSC net production varies widely throughout the large intestine of pigs and the microbial processes involved in this production can be affected by diet. Significance and Impact of the Study: This first report on intestinal production of all VSC shows both spatial and dietary effects, which are relevant to both bowel disease- and odour mitigation research. C1 [Poulsen, H. V.; Jensen, B. B.; Canibe, N.] Aarhus Univ, Microbiol & Immunol Sect, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. [Finster, K.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Microbiol Sect, Aarhus C, Denmark. [Spence, C.; Whitehead, T. R.; Cotta, M. A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Poulsen, HV (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Microbiol & Immunol Sect, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Blichers Alle,Postbox 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. EM henrik.poulsen@agrsci.dk RI Finster, Kai/I-7475-2013; Navntoft, Anne Mette/G-8527-2013; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU Directorate for Food, Fisheries and Agri Business, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Denmark FX We thank Morten Poulsen, Thomas Rebsdorf and Tove Wiegers for excellent technical assistance. The study was financially supported by the Directorate for Food, Fisheries and Agri Business, Copenhagen, Denmark (Strategies for odour reduction from pig production units and slurry application) and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Denmark. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 113 IS 1 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05309.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 957TE UT WOS:000305184900015 PM 22507186 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Meinelt, T Farmer, BD Mitchell, AJ AF Straus, D. L. Meinelt, T. Farmer, B. D. Mitchell, A. J. TI Peracetic acid is effective for controlling fungus on channel catfish eggs SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish eggs; effectiveness; fungus; peracetic acid ID COPPER-SULFATE; ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DOSE-CONFIRMATION; TREATING FUNGUS; WATER; DISINFECTION; INFESTATION; TOXICITY; HATCHERY AB Peracetic acid (PAA) is a relatively new compound suggested for use to treat pathogens in aquaculture. It is approved for use in Europe, but not in the United States. This study determined the effectiveness of PAA for fungus control on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), eggs. The study consisted of five PAA concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1) and an untreated control in a flow-through system. A single spawn was used for each replication (N = 4). Eggs were treated twice daily until the embryos developed eyes. When hatching was complete for all viable eggs, fry were counted to determine the percent survival in each treatment. Fungal growth was severe in the untreated controls resulting in 11% survival. Treatments of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg L-1 PAA were significantly different from the controls (P < 0.05). The highest percent survival of hatched fry was with 5 mg L-1 PAA administered twice daily; the 2.5 mg L-1 PAA treatment had slightly less survival, but gives a higher margin of safety in case of treatment error. Very little fungus was present in treatments receiving 2.5 mg L-1 PAA or higher, and concentrations of 15 and 20 mg L-1 PAA were toxic to the eggs. The mean survivals in the 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1 PAA treatments were 11%, 60%, 63%, 62%, 32% and 0%, respectively. Therefore, PAA may be a compound that merits further investigations regarding its use in U.S. aquaculture. C1 [Straus, D. L.; Farmer, B. D.; Mitchell, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Meinelt, T.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Aquaculture & Ecophysiol, Berlin, Germany. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 35 IS 7 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01383.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 956AP UT WOS:000305062400005 PM 22671856 ER PT J AU Gliniewicz, K Plant, KP LaPatra, SE LaFrentz, BR Cain, K Snekvik, KR Call, DR AF Gliniewicz, K. Plant, K. P. LaPatra, S. E. LaFrentz, B. R. Cain, K. Snekvik, K. R. Call, D. R. TI Comparative proteomic analysis of virulent and rifampicin-attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Attenuation; Flavobacterium psychrophilum; rifampicin; subunit vaccine ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI VACCINE; BACTERIAL RNA-POLYMERASE; FACTOR EF-TU; RAINBOW-TROUT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRIGGER FACTOR; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; CHAPERONE PROPERTIES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. In this study, we compared a wild-type strain (CSF 259-93) with a rifampicin-resistant strain and virulence-attenuated strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF 259-93B.17). The attenuated strain harboured a mutation in the rpoB gene consistent with resistance to rifampicin. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry demonstrated an altered proteome with eight proteins characteristic for the parent strain and six that were unique to the attenuated strain. Immunoblotting with a diagnostic monoclonal antibody (FL-43) identified a putative antigen (FP1493) that was subsequently cloned, expressed as a recombinant protein and confirmed as recognized by FL-43. 2D-PAGE, immunoblotting with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), convalescent antisera and mass spectrometry of bacterial whole-cell lysates revealed several uniquely expressed immunoreactive proteins including FP1493. An FP1493 recombinant subunit vaccine was tested, but did not provide protection against challenge with the CSF259-93 strain. While the exact mechanism responsible for altered protein synthesis and attenuation of CSF 259-93B.17 is still unknown, the differentially expressed immunoreactive proteins are a valuable resource to develop subunit vaccines and to identify proteins that are potentially involved in disease. C1 [Gliniewicz, K.; Snekvik, K. R.; Call, D. R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Plant, K. P.; Cain, K.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID USA. [Plant, K. P.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID USA. [LaFrentz, B. R.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. [Snekvik, K. R.] Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Call, DR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM drcall@wsu.edu FU Western Regional Aquaculture Commission; University of Idaho; Washington State University Aquaculture Research Initiative; Washington State Agricultural Research Center FX The authors wish to thank Andy Morton, Bill Shewmaker and Robin Burkhart of Clear Springs Foods for their significant contributions. Additionally, we would like to thank Lisa Orfe, Jim Deringer and Gerhard Munske of the Washington State University for contributions to this work, and Gregory Wiens for providing access to the draft genome sequence of the CSF 259-93 strain. Partial funding for this work was provided by the Western Regional Aquaculture Commission, the University of Idaho and Washington State University Aquaculture Research Initiative, and the Washington State Agricultural Research Center. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 35 IS 7 BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01378.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 956AP UT WOS:000305062400008 PM 22607560 ER PT J AU Parejko, JA Mavrodi, DV Mavrodi, OV Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Parejko, James A. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Mavrodi, Olga V. Weller, David M. Thomashow, Linda S. TI Population Structure and Diversity of Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Producing Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. from Dryland Cereal Fields of Central Washington State (USA) SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LEBANESE SPRING WATERS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT-ROT; RHIZOSPHERE; PHENAZINE; SOIL; BIOSYNTHESIS; WHEAT; EVOLUTIONARY AB Certain strains of the rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens contain the phenazine biosynthesis operon (phzABCDEFG) and produce redox-active phenazine antibiotics that suppress a wide variety of soilborne plant pathogens. In 2007 and 2008, we isolated 412 phenazine-producing (Phz(+)) fluorescent Pseudomonas strains from roots of dryland wheat and barley grown in the low-precipitation region (< 350 mm annual precipitation) of central Washington State. Based on results of BOX-PCR genomic fingerprinting analysis, these isolates, as well as the model biocontrol Phz(+) strain P. fluorescens 2-79, were assigned to 31 distinct genotypes separated into four clusters. All of the isolates exhibited high 16S rDNA sequence similarity to members of the P. fluorescens species complex including Pseudomonas orientalis, Pseudomonas gessardii, Pseudomonas libanensis, and Pseudomonas synxantha. Further recA-based sequence analyses revealed that the majority of new Phz(+) isolates (386 of 413) form a clade distinctly separated from P. fluorescens 2-79. Analysis of phzF alleles, however, revealed that the majority of those isolates (280 of 386) carried phenazine biosynthesis genes similar to those of P. fluorescens 2-79. phzF-based analyses also revealed that phenazine genes were under purifying selection and showed evidence of intracluster recombination. Phenotypic analyses using Biolog substrate utilization and observations of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production showed considerable variability amongst members of all four clusters. Biodiversity indices indicated significant differences in diversity and evenness between the sampled sites. In summary, this study revealed a genotypically and phenotypically diverse group of phenazine producers with a population structure not seen before in indigenous rhizosphere-inhabiting Phz(+) Pseudomonas spp. C1 [Thomashow, Linda S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Weller, David M.; Thomashow, Linda S.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.; Mavrodi, Olga V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Parejko, James A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM thomashow@wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [T32GM083864] FX The project described was supported by award number T32GM083864 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 226 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s00248-012-0015-0 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 958XS UT WOS:000305274900020 PM 22383119 ER PT J AU Hazard, C Lilleskov, EA Horton, TR AF Hazard, Christina Lilleskov, Erik A. Horton, Thomas R. TI Is rarity of pinedrops (Pterospora andromedea) in eastern North America linked to rarity of its unique fungal symbiont? SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE Myco-heterotrophy; Pterospora andromedea (pinedrops); Rhizopogon; Fungal specificity; Rarity; Distribution ID MYCO-HETEROTROPHIC PLANTS; MONOTROPOIDEAE ERICACEAE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PINUS-MURICATA; RESISTANT PROPAGULES; EXTREME SPECIFICITY; HOST-SPECIFICITY; ASSOCIATIONS; SPECIALIZATION AB Like other myco-heterotrophic plants, Pterospora andromedea (pinedrops) is dependent upon its specific fungal symbionts for survival. The rarity of pinedrops fungal symbiont was investigated in the eastern United States where pinedrops are rare. Wild populations of eastern pinedrops were sampled, and the plant haplotypes and fungal symbionts were characterized with molecular techniques; these data were compared to those from the West with phylogenetic analyses. The frequency of the fungal symbiont in eastern white pine forests was assessed using a laboratory soil bioassay and in situ pinedrops seed baiting. Only one plant haplotype and fungal symbiont was detected. The plant haplotype was not unique to the East. The fungal symbiont appears to be a new species within the genus Rhizopogon, closely related to the western symbionts. This fungal species was not frequent in soils with or without pinedrops, but was less frequent in the latter and in comparison to the fungal symbionts in western forests. Seed baiting resulted in few germinants, suggesting that mycelial networks produced by the eastern fungal symbiont were rare. Results suggest that eastern pinedrops rarity is influenced by the distribution and rarity of its fungal symbiont. C1 [Hazard, Christina; Horton, Thomas R.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Hazard, C (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM hazard99@msn.com OI Horton, Tom/0000-0002-2112-9618 FU TA from SUNY-ESF; Department of Environmental and Forest Biology; Edna Baily Sussman Fund award; USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station [PNW 06-JV-11261976-292]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0949175] FX Several people should be recognized for their help in locating eastern pinedrops populations, Donald Leopold, Doug Bassett, Dana Richter, Janet Marr, Sean Ryberg and Kris Dulmer. We thank Letchworth State Park, Doug Bassett, the Eagle Harbor Township, Township Supervisor Doug Sherk, and Keweenaw Land Trust for granting permission of use of the field sites. We also thank Steve Stehman for his statistical advice and Martin Bidartondo for the use of his Amylopogon and pinedrops haplotype sequence databases. Financial support for the project was provided by a TA fellowship from SUNY-ESF, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology and Edna Baily Sussman Fund award to C Hazard, and Joint Venture Agreement No. PNW 06-JV-11261976-292 with the USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station and National Science Foundation award DEB-0949175 to TR Horton. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s00572-011-0414-y PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 957BI UT WOS:000305133200007 PM 21989709 ER PT J AU Wick, AF Phillips, RL Liebig, MA West, M Daniels, WL AF Wick, Abbey F. Phillips, Rebecca L. Liebig, Mark A. West, Mark Daniels, W. Lee TI Linkages between soil micro-site properties and CO2 and N2O emissions during a simulated thaw for a northern prairie Mollisol SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Nitrogen; Particulate organic matter ID ORGANIC-MATTER; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; NITROUS-OXIDE; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; CARBON TURNOVER; ACTIVE ROOTS; DENITRIFICATION; DECOMPOSITION; AGGREGATE; GRASSLAND AB Biologically derived emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at 0 degrees C vary with soil depth during soil thawing. Micro-site soil properties, especially those which influence porosity and substrate availability, also vary with depth and may help explain gas emissions. Intact soil cores collected to a depth of 80 cm from an undisturbed prairie Mollisol in central North Dakota were uniformly subjected to distinct temperature steps during a simulated soil thaw (-15 to 5 degrees C) and sampled for CO2 and N2O emissions throughout the soil profile. Emission data were fit to a first order exponential equation (E = alpha e(beta T)). Cores were then analyzed in 10 cm depth increments for micro-site properties including root length and mass, aggregation, and organic substrate availability (available, aggregate-protected and mineral-bound pools). Both CO2 and N2O emissions at 0 degrees C declined exponentially with depth. Emissions of CO2 and N2O at 0 degrees C were strongly related to root length (R-2 = 0.80 and 0.76, respectively), root mass (R-2 = 0.56 and 0.74), large macroaggregate mass (R-2 = 0.63 and 0.54), and aggregate-protected organic matter (R-2 > 0.57), while available organic matter was related to CO2 (R-2 > 0.60) and not N2O. When CO2 and N2O emissions were normalized by available and aggregate-protected carbon pools, respectively, nutrient use efficiency increased significantly with depth. Results suggest CO2 and N2O emissions are (1) positively influenced by the rhizosphere and (2) differentially affected by substrate pool or location. CO2 emissions were more positively affected by available substrate, while N2O emissions were more positively affected by less labile, aggregate-protected substrate. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wick, Abbey F.; Daniels, W. Lee] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Phillips, Rebecca L.; Liebig, Mark A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [West, Mark] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wick, AF (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM afwick@vt.edu RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 FU ARS [5445-11120-002-00] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Charles Walthall and Mark Walbridge from ARS National Program for Climate Change, Soils and Emission, Project number 5445-11120-002-00. We also thank Drs. Virginia Jin, Stephen Merrill and Catherine Stewart for their helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. We thank Joan Breiner (USDA-ARS), Becky Wald (USDA-ARS), Susanna Gomez (VT), Velva Groover (VT), and Julie Burger (VT) for field and lab assistance. We also appreciate the assistance of Dr. John Galbraith with soil classification and Dr. Roger Harris for assistance with root parameters. The mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations does not imply endorsement by the authors. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 50 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.010 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 956QO UT WOS:000305104400014 ER PT J AU Bushakra, JM Stephens, MJ Atmadjaja, AN Lewers, KS Symonds, VV Udall, JA Chagne, D Buck, EJ Gardiner, SE AF Bushakra, J. M. Stephens, M. J. Atmadjaja, A. N. Lewers, K. S. Symonds, V. V. Udall, J. A. Chagne, D. Buck, E. J. Gardiner, S. E. TI Construction of black (Rubus occidentalis) and red (R. idaeus) raspberry linkage maps and their comparison to the genomes of strawberry, apple, and peach SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY; REPEAT SSR MARKERS; MELTING ANALYSIS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; ROSACEAE; RESISTANCE; PHYLOGENY; CULTIVARS; FRAGARIA AB The genus Rubus belongs to the Rosaceae and is comprised of 600-800 species distributed world-wide. To date, genetic maps of the genus consist largely of non-transferable markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms. An F-1 population developed from a cross between an advanced breeding selection of Rubus occidentalis (96395S1) and R. idaeus 'Latham' was used to construct a new genetic map consisting of DNA sequence-based markers. The genetic linkage maps presented here are constructed of 131 markers on at least one of the two parental maps. The majority of the markers are orthologous, including 14 Rosaceae conserved orthologous set markers, and 60 new gene-based markers developed for raspberry. Thirty-four published raspberry simple sequence repeat markers were used to align the new maps to published raspberry maps. The 96395S1 genetic map consists of six linkage groups (LG) and covers 309 cM with an average of 10 cM between markers; the 'Latham' genetic map consists of seven LG and covers 561 cM with an average of 5 cM between markers. We used BLAST analysis to align the orthologous sequences used to design primer pairs for Rubus genetic mapping with the genome sequences of Fragaria vesca 'Hawaii 4', Malus x domestica 'Golden Delicious', and Prunus 'Lovell'. The alignment of the orthologous markers designed here suggests that the genomes of Rubus and Fragaria have a high degree of synteny and that synteny decreases with phylogenetic distance. Our results give unprecedented insights into the genome evolution of raspberry from the putative ancestral genome of the single ancestor common to Rosaceae. C1 [Bushakra, J. M.; Atmadjaja, A. N.; Chagne, D.; Buck, E. J.; Gardiner, S. E.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd PFR, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Bushakra, J. M.; Symonds, V. V.] Massey Univ, Inst Mol Biosci, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Stephens, M. J.] PFR, Motueka 7198, New Zealand. [Lewers, K. S.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Udall, J. A.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Chagne, D (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd PFR, Batchelar Rd,Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. EM Jill.Bushakra@plantandfood.co.nz; Jo.Stephens@plantandfood.co.nz; Kim.Lewers@ARS.USDA.GOV; V.V.Symonds@massey.ac.nz; jaudall@byu.edu; David.Chagne@plantandfood.co.nz; Emily.Buck@plantandfood.co.nz; Sue.Gardiner@plantandfood.co.nz RI Chagne, David/A-2596-2010; Gardiner, Susan/A-2477-2010; Buck, Emily/P-2687-2016 OI Chagne, David/0000-0003-4018-0694; Gardiner, Susan/0000-0002-4884-8743; Buck, Emily/0000-0002-3292-1694 FU PFR [CO6XO807]; USDA-ARS [1275-21220-185-00D] FX This work was part of a Ph.D. thesis and supported in part by the PFR Excellence Program (JMB), the "New Berries'' FRST Programme (CO6XO807) (EJB, MJS), PFR funding (MJS), and USDA-ARS Project 1275-21220-185-00D (KSL). The authors would like to thank Jared C. Price of Brigham Young University, Computer Science Department for his assistance with the Rubus genome; the International Peach Genome Initiative for access to the Prunus genome; Dr Ross Crowhurst and Roy Storey of PFR for bioinformatic support; Tony Corbett of PFR for graphic design of all figures; the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on the original manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by any of the agencies referenced. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 125 IS 2 BP 311 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1835-5 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 958DS UT WOS:000305217300010 PM 22398438 ER PT J AU Sheng, HY See, DR Murray, TD AF Sheng, Hongyan See, Deven R. Murray, Timothy D. TI Mapping QTL for resistance to eyespot of wheat in Aegilops longissima SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; WINTER-WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; STRIPE RUST; CERCOSPORELLA HERPOTRICHOIDES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DASYPYRUM-VILLOSUM; GENETIC-ANALYSIS AB Eyespot is an economically important disease of wheat caused by the soilborne fungi Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis. These pathogens infect and colonize the stem base, which results in lodging of diseased plants and reduced grain yield. Disease resistant cultivars are the most desirable control method, but resistance genes are limited in the wheat gene pool. Some accessions of the wheat wild relative Aegilops longissima are resistant to eyespot, but nothing is known about the genetic control of resistance. A recombinant inbred line population was developed from the cross PI 542196 (R) x PI 330486 (S) to map the resistance genes and better understand resistance in Ae. longissima. A genetic linkage map of the S-l genome was constructed with 169 wheat microsatellite markers covering 1261.3 cM in 7 groups. F-5 lines (189) were tested for reaction to O. yallundae and four QTL were detected in chromosomes 1S(l), 3S(l), 5S(l), and 7S(l). These QTL explained 44 % of the total phenotypic variation in reaction to eyespot based on GUS scores and 63 % for visual disease ratings. These results demonstrate that genetic control of O. yallundae resistance in Ae. longissima is polygenic. This is the first report of multiple QTL conferring resistance to eyespot in Ae. longissima. Markers cfd6, wmc597, wmc415, and cfd2 are tightly linked to Q.Pch.wsu-1S (l) , Q.Pch.wsu-3S (l) , Q.Pch.wsu-5S (l) , and Q.Pch.wsu-7S (l) , respectively. These markers may be useful in marker-assisted selection for transferring resistance genes to wheat to increase the effectiveness of resistance and broaden the genetic diversity of eyespot resistance. C1 [Sheng, Hongyan; Murray, Timothy D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [See, Deven R.] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Murray, TD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tim_murray@wsu.edu FU Washington Grain Alliance FX Plant Pathology New Series #0585, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center Project #0670. We thank the Washington Grain Alliance for financial support of this research, the USDA National Small Grains Collection for providing seed of Ae. longissima, and the USDA-ARS Regional Small Grains Genotyping Laboratory at Pullman, WA for assistance with marker analysis. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 125 IS 2 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1838-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 958DS UT WOS:000305217300013 PM 22406981 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Zhang, HT Giroux, MJ Feiz, L Jin, Y Wang, MN Chen, XM Huang, L AF Campbell, Jackie Zhang, Hongtao Giroux, Michael J. Feiz, Leila Jin, Yue Wang, Meinan Chen, Xianming Huang, Li TI A mutagenesis-derived broad-spectrum disease resistance locus in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; STEM RUST; GENE LR34; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DEFENSE RESPONSES; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT AB Wheat leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew caused by the fungal pathogens Puccinia triticina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, respectively, are destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Breeding durable disease resistance cultivars rely largely on continually introgressing new resistance genes, especially the genes with different defense mechanisms, into adapted varieties. Here, we describe a new resistance gene obtained by mutagenesis. The mutant, MNR220 (mutagenesis-derived new resistance), enhances resistance to three rusts and powdery mildew, with the characteristics of delayed disease development at the seedling stage and completed resistance at the adult plant stage. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the resistance in MNR220 is conferred by a single semidominant gene mapped on the short arm of chromosome 2B. Gene expression profiling of several pathogenesis-related genes indicated that MNR220 has an elevated and rapid pathogen-induced response. In addition to its potential use in breeding for resistance to multiple diseases, high-resolution mapping and cloning of the disease resistance locus in MNR220 may lead to a better understanding of the regulation of defense responses in wheat. C1 [Campbell, Jackie; Zhang, Hongtao; Giroux, Michael J.; Feiz, Leila; Huang, Li] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Jin, Yue] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wang, Meinan; Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Qual & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM lhuang@montana.edu RI zhang, hongtao/N-7381-2014; WANG, Meinan/P-5671-2014 OI WANG, Meinan/0000-0001-9595-3995 FU Montana Wheat and Barley Committee; BREAD [IOS-0965429] FX We thank Dr. Luther Talbert and the Spring Wheat Breeding Lab at Montana State University for help with the Weld test at NWARC in Creston, MT and SSR primers used for genetic mapping, Dr. James Kolmer of the Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA for race identification of leaf rust collected in Creston, Montana 2010 and Dr. Robert McIntosh of the Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, NSW2570, Australia for editing the manuscript. This research was supported by the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee and the BREAD program (grant IOS-0965429). NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 125 IS 2 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1841-7 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 958DS UT WOS:000305217300016 PM 22446929 ER PT J AU Ouyang, Y Zhang, JE AF Ouyang, Ying Zhang, Jia-En TI Quantification of Shallow Groundwater Nutrient Dynamics in Septic Areas SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Nutrient; Septic tank; Shallow groundwater ID SEDIMENTS; SYSTEMS; NITRATE AB Of all groundwater pollution sources, septic systems are the second largest source of groundwater nitrate contamination in USA. This study investigated shallow groundwater (SGW) nutrient dynamics in septic areas at the northern part of the Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida, USA. Thirty-five SGW-monitoring wells, located at nine different urban areas served by septic systems, were used to collect the SGW samples seasonally and/or biweekly for a duration of 3 years from 2003 to 2006. Analytical results showed that there were 16 wells with nitrate concentrations exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water limit (10 mg L-1). There also were 11 and 14 wells with total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, respectively, exceeding the ambient water quality criteria (0.9 mg L-1 for TKN and 0.04 mg L-1 for TP) recommended for rivers and streams in nutrient Ecoregion XII (Southeast USA). In general, site variations are much greater than seasonal variations in SGW nutrient concentrations. A negative correlation existed between nitrate/nitrite-nitrogen (NOx-N) and TKN as well as between NOx-N and ammonium (), whereas a positive correlation occurred between TKN and. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between reduction and oxidation (redox) potential and water level, while no correlation was observed between potassium concentration and redox potential. This study demonstrates a need to investigate the potential adverse impacts of SGW nutrients from the septic areas upon the deeper groundwater quality due to the nutrient penetration and upon the surface water quality due to the nutrient discharge. C1 [Ouyang, Ying] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Zhang, Jia-En] S China Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Ecol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Ouyang, Y (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 100 Stone Blvd,Thompson Hall,Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM youyang@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 223 IS 6 BP 3181 EP 3193 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1100-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 954DH UT WOS:000304926200028 ER PT J AU Tyler, HL Moore, MT Locke, MA AF Tyler, Heather L. Moore, Matthew T. Locke, Martin A. TI Influence of Three Aquatic Macrophytes on Mitigation of Nitrogen Species from Agricultural Runoff SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ammonium; Nitrate; Phytoremediation; Mesocosms ID VEGETATED DRAINAGE DITCHES; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; MICROCOSMS; RETENTION AB Agricultural runoff containing nitrogen fertilizer is a major contributor to eutrophication in aquatic systems. One method of decreasing amounts of nitrogen entering rivers or lakes is the transport of runoff through vegetated drainage ditches. Vegetated drainage ditches can enhance the mitigation of nutrients from runoff; however, the efficiency of nitrogen removal can vary between plant species. The efficiency of three aquatic macrophytes, cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), cattail (Typha latifolia), and bur-reed (Sparganium americanum), to mitigate dissolved and total nitrogen from water was investigated. Replicate mesocosms of each plant species were exposed to flowing water enriched with ammonium and nitrate for 6 h, allowed to remain stagnant for 42 h, and then flushed with non-enriched water for an additional 6 h to simulate a second storm event. After termination of the final simulated runoff, all vegetated treatments lowered total nitrogen loads exiting mesocosms by greater than 50%, significantly more than unvegetated controls, which only decreased concentrations by 26.9% (p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.0023). L. oryzoides and T. latifolia were more efficient at lowering dissolved nitrogen, decreasing ammonium by 42 +/- 9% and 59 +/- 4% and nitrate by 67 +/- 6% and 64 +/- 7%, respectively. All treatments decreased ammonium and nitrate concentrations within mesocosms by more than 86% after 1 week. However, T. latifolia and L. oryzoides absorbed nitrogen more rapidly, lowering concentrations by greater than 98% within 48 h. By determining the nitrogen mitigation efficiency of different vegetative species, plant communities in agricultural drainage ditches can be managed to significantly increase their remediation potential. C1 [Tyler, Heather L.; Moore, Matthew T.; Locke, Martin A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 223 IS 6 BP 3227 EP 3236 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1104-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 954DH UT WOS:000304926200032 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 SO BIOENGINEERED LA English DT Review DE recombinant ethanologenic Escherichia coli; ethanol fermentation; separate hydrolysis and fermentation; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation; lignocellulosic biomass AB Lignocellulosic biomass, upon pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, generates a mixture of hexose and pentose sugars such as glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose. While Escherichia coli utilizes all these sugars it lacks the ability to produce ethanol from them. Recombinant ethanologenic E. coli strains have been created with a goal to produce ethanol from both hexose and pentose sugars. Herein, we review the current state of the art on the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolyzates by an ethanologenic recombinant E. coli strain (FBR5). The bacterium is stable without antibiotics and can tolerate ethanol up to 50 gL(-1). It produces up to 45 g ethanol per L and has the potential to be used for industrial production of ethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolyzates. C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 2165-5979 EI 2165-5987 J9 BIOENGINEERED JI Bioengineered PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.4161/bioe.19874 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32JR UT WOS:000208948000015 PM 22705843 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, SM de Melo, CM Neto, JV Kehayias, JJ AF Ribeiro, Sandra M. de Melo, Camila Maria Neto, Joao Valentini Kehayias, Joseph J. TI Body Mass Index Classification In Active Elderly Women: Controversies Regarding Nutritional Status SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ribeiro, Sandra M.; de Melo, Camila Maria; Neto, Joao Valentini] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kehayias, Joseph J.] Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM smlribeiro@usp.br NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 EI 1525-1497 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 27 SU 2 MA 1818 BP 442 EP 442 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA V35IG UT WOS:000209142901572 ER PT J AU Stevens, MM Gribok, A Rumpler, W DiPietro, L AF Stevens, Michelle M. Gribok, Andrei Rumpler, William DiPietro, Loretta TI Post-meal Exercise And 24-h Glycemic Control In Older People SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stevens, Michelle M.; DiPietro, Loretta] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Gribok, Andrei; Rumpler, William] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 EI 1525-1497 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 27 SU 2 MA 2238 BP 594 EP 594 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA V35IG UT WOS:000209142902350 ER PT J AU Anthony, SJ St Leger, JA Pugliares, K Ip, HS Chan, JM Carpenter, ZW Navarrete-Macias, I Sanchez-Leon, M Saliki, JT Pedersen, J Karesh, W Daszak, P Rabadan, R Rowles, T Lipkin, WI AF Anthony, S. J. St Leger, J. A. Pugliares, K. Ip, H. S. Chan, J. M. Carpenter, Z. W. Navarrete-Macias, I. Sanchez-Leon, M. Saliki, J. T. Pedersen, J. Karesh, W. Daszak, P. Rabadan, R. Rowles, T. Lipkin, W. I. TI Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HIGH VIRULENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ; BINDING; TRANSMISSION; ADAPTATION; SWINE; REPLICATION AB From September to December 2011, 162 New England harbor seals died in an outbreak of pneumonia. Sequence analysis of postmortem samples revealed the presence of an avian H3N8 influenza A virus, similar to a virus circulating in North American waterfowl since at least 2002 but with mutations that indicate recent adaption to mammalian hosts. These include a D701N mutation in the viral PB2 protein, previously reported in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses infecting people. Lectin staining and agglutination assays indicated the presence of the avian-preferred SA alpha-2,3 and mammalian SA alpha-2,6 receptors in seal respiratory tract, and the ability of the virus to agglutinate erythrocytes bearing either the SA alpha-2,3 or the SA alpha-2,6 receptor. The emergence of this A/harbor seal/Massachusetts/1/2011 virus may herald the appearance of an H3N8 influenza clade with potential for persistence and cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE The emergence of new strains of influenza virus is always of great public concern, especially when the infection of a new mammalian host has the potential to result in a widespread outbreak of disease. Here we report the emergence of an avian influenza virus (H3N8) in New England harbor seals which caused an outbreak of pneumonia and contributed to a U. S. federally recognized unusual mortality event (UME). This outbreak is particularly significant, not only because of the disease it caused in seals but also because the virus has naturally acquired mutations that are known to increase transmissibility and virulence in mammals. Monitoring the spillover and adaptation of avian viruses in mammalian species is critically important if we are to understand the factors that lead to both epizootic and zoonotic emergence. C1 [Anthony, S. J.; Navarrete-Macias, I.; Sanchez-Leon, M.; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Anthony, S. J.; Karesh, W.; Daszak, P.] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [St Leger, J. A.] SeaWorld, San Diego, CA USA. [Pugliares, K.] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA USA. [Ip, H. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Chan, J. M.; Carpenter, Z. W.; Rabadan, R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, Dept Biomed Informat, New York, NY USA. [Saliki, J. T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pedersen, J.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Rowles, T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Anthony, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sja2127@columbia.edu; wil2001@columbia.edu FU NIH [AI57158, LM010140, CA121852]; NIH/NSF [TW005769]; USAID PREDICT; DTRA FX We acknowledge funding from the NIH: AI57158 (NBC-Lipkin), LM010140, and CA121852; NIH/NSF TW005769; USAID PREDICT; and DTRA. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 AR e00166-12 DI 10.1128/mBio.00166-12 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 003DQ UT WOS:000308588800016 PM 22851656 ER PT J AU Abbas, HD Shier, W Weaver, MA Horn, BW AF Abbas, H. D. Shier, W. Weaver, M. A. Horn, B. W. TI Detection of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus contamination of coconut (Cocos nucifera) nutmeat (copra) using ammonia treatment SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Abbas, H. D.; Weaver, M. A.] ARS, USDA, BCPRU, Stoneville, MS USA. [Shier, W.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Horn, B. W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800002 ER PT J AU Ammar, E Hall, DG AF Ammar, E. Hall, D. G. TI Stylet morphometrics and ultrastructure in relation to feeding behavior of nymphs and adults of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, vector of citrus huanglongbing bacterium SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Ammar, E.; Hall, D. G.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800021 ER PT J AU Ammar, E Hall, DG AF Ammar, E. Hall, D. G. TI New and simple methods for studying the stylets of hemipteran nymphs and the salivary sheaths in host plants SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Ammar, E.; Hall, D. G.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800022 ER PT J AU Asalf, B Stensvand, A Gadoury, DM Cadle-Davidson, L Seem, RC Peres, NA Tronsmo, A AF Asalf, B. Stensvand, A. Gadoury, D. M. Cadle-Davidson, L. Seem, R. C. Peres, N. A. Tronsmo, A. TI Temperature functions as a repressor of ascocarp formation in strawberry powdery mildew Podosphaera aphanis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Asalf, B.; Tronsmo, A.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, As, Norway. [Stensvand, A.] Bioforsk, As, Norway. [Gadoury, D. M.; Seem, R. C.] Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY USA. [Cadle-Davidson, L.] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. [Peres, N. A.] Univ Florida, Wimauma, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800033 ER PT J AU Attanayake, RN Chen, W AF Attanayake, R. N. Chen, W. TI Detection of intrachromosomal recombination in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Attanayake, R. N.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, W.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800035 ER PT J AU Babiker, EM Hulbert, SH Paulitz, T AF Babiker, E. M. Hulbert, S. H. Paulitz, T. TI Detection, seed transmission, and control of Hyaloperonospora camelinae on Camelina sativa (L.) in Washington State SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Babiker, E. M.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hulbert, S. H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, T.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800038 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Krugner, R AF Backus, E. A. Krugner, R. TI Effects of plant water stress on vector feeding behaviors that control acquisition and inoculation of Xylella fastidiosa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Backus, E. A.; Krugner, R.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800039 ER PT J AU Bagadia, PG Polashock, J Bottner-Parker, KD Zhao, Y Davis, RE Lee, I AF Bagadia, P. G. Polashock, J. Bottner-Parker, K. D. Zhao, Y. Davis, R. E. Lee, I. TI Molecular detection and characterization of phytoplasmas associated with blueberry stunt disease in New Jersey SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bagadia, P. G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Polashock, J.] ARS, USDA, GIFVL, Chatsworth, NJ USA. [Bottner-Parker, K. D.; Zhao, Y.; Davis, R. E.; Lee, I.] ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800042 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Fujiyoshi, P Kluepfel, D Browne, G Leslie, C AF Baumgartner, K. Fujiyoshi, P. Kluepfel, D. Browne, G. Leslie, C. TI Identification of tree-crop rootstocks with resistance to Armillaria root disease SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Baumgartner, K.; Fujiyoshi, P.; Kluepfel, D.; Browne, G.] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Leslie, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800048 ER PT J AU Birla, K Bolton, M Rivera, V Rudolph, K Secor, G AF Birla, K. Bolton, M. Rivera, V. Rudolph, K. Secor, G. TI Characterization of CbCyp51 from field isolates of Cercospora beticola SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Birla, K.; Rivera, V.; Rudolph, K.; Secor, G.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bolton, M.] ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800061 ER PT J AU Block, C Marek, LF Gulya, TJ AF Block, C. Marek, L. F. Gulya, T. J. TI Identifying resistance to Sclerotinia stalk and root rot in perennial sunflower germplasm SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Block, C.] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Marek, L. F.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Gulya, T. J.] ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800065 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Wood, BW Cottrell, TE AF Bock, C. H. Wood, B. W. Cottrell, T. E. TI The effect of height on severity of pecan scab in nontreated mature pecan trees SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bock, C. H.; Wood, B. W.; Cottrell, T. E.] ARS, USDA, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800068 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Wood, BW Hotchkiss, MH Cottrell, TE AF Bock, C. H. Wood, B. W. Hotchkiss, M. H. Cottrell, T. E. TI Ground application provides adequate control of pecan scab on tall pecan trees in moderate to low epidemic risk years SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bock, C. H.; Wood, B. W.; Hotchkiss, M. H.; Cottrell, T. E.] ARS, USDA, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800066 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Graham, JH Cook, AZ Parker, PE Gottwald, TR AF Bock, C. H. Graham, J. H. Cook, A. Z. Parker, P. E. Gottwald, T. R. TI Predisposition of citrus foliage to infection with Xanthomonas citri subsp citri SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bock, C. H.] ARS, USDA, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA USA. [Graham, J. H.] Univ Florida, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Cook, A. Z.; Parker, P. E.] USDA, APHIS, Edinburg, TX USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800067 ER PT J AU Bonde, MR Nester, SE Berner, DK AF Bonde, M. R. Nester, S. E. Berner, D. K. TI Effects of dew-period temperature changes on initiation of infection in soybean by Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bonde, M. R.; Nester, S. E.; Berner, D. K.] ARS, USDA, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800070 ER PT J AU Bowman, H Rappaport, K Parameswaran, L Cabrera, CR Nargi, F Levy, L Liu, Z AF Bowman, H. Rappaport, K. Parameswaran, L. Cabrera, C. R. Nargi, F. Levy, L. Liu, Z. TI Evaluation and adaptation of the Lincoln Nucleic-acid kit (LiNK) technology for rapid extraction of plant pathogen DNA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bowman, H.; Rappaport, K.; Liu, Z.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Parameswaran, L.; Cabrera, C. R.; Nargi, F.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Levy, L.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800076 ER PT J AU Bowman, H Rappaport, K Abad, Z Levy, L Liu, Z AF Bowman, H. Rappaport, K. Abad, Z. Levy, L. Liu, Z. TI Evaluation and adaptation of CANARY technology for rapid detection of Phytophthora SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bowman, H.; Rappaport, K.; Abad, Z.; Levy, L.; Liu, Z.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800077 ER PT J AU Browne, GT Schmidt, LS Bhat, RG Gartung, J Wang, D Kluepfel, DA AF Browne, G. T. Schmidt, L. S. Bhat, R. G. Gartung, J. Wang, D. Kluepfel, D. A. TI Growth of new rootstocks for Prunus spp. in fumigated and non-fumigated replant soil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Browne, G. T.; Schmidt, L. S.; Kluepfel, D. A.] ARS, USDA, CPGRU, Davis, CA USA. [Bhat, R. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gartung, J.; Wang, D.] ARS, USDA, WMRL, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800084 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL Eskandari, FM Coombs, EM Rossman, AY Palm, ME AF Bruckart, W. L. Eskandari, F. M. Coombs, E. M. Rossman, A. Y. Palm, M. E. TI Pilidium concavum on Fallopia japonica in the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Bruckart, W. L.; Eskandari, F. M.] ARS, USDA, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Coombs, E. M.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR USA. [Rossman, A. Y.] ARS, USDA, SMML, Beltsville, MD USA. [Palm, M. E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800085 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L Nowogrodzki, A Schaub, M Barba, P Reisch, BI Seem, RC Gadoury, DM AF Cadle-Davidson, L. Nowogrodzki, A. Schaub, M. Barba, P. Reisch, B. I. Seem, R. C. Gadoury, D. M. TI VitisGenPM: A precision phenotyping center for powdery mildew resistance breeding in grapevine SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Cadle-Davidson, L.] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. [Nowogrodzki, A.; Schaub, M.; Barba, P.; Reisch, B. I.; Seem, R. C.; Gadoury, D. M.] Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800094 ER PT J AU Caiazzo, R Kim, YK Xiao, C AF Caiazzo, R. Kim, Y. K. Xiao, C. TI Occurrence and phenotypes of pyrimethanil resistance in Penicillium expansum from apple SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Caiazzo, R.; Kim, Y. K.] Washington State Univ, TFREC, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Xiao, C.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800095 ER PT J AU Champaco, ER Larkin, RP de los Reyes, BG AF Champaco, E. R. Larkin, R. P. de los Reyes, B. G. TI Selection of candidate genes involved in the defense mechanisms of Phytophthora infestans against fungicides by EST analysis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Champaco, E. R.] Univ Maine, Dept Mol & Biomed Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Larkin, R. P.] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME USA. [de los Reyes, B. G.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800108 ER PT J AU Chawla, S Bowen, CR Hobbs, HA Hartman, GL AF Chawla, S. Bowen, C. R. Hobbs, H. A. Hartman, G. L. TI Evaluation of commercial soybean cultivars for pathogen and pest resistance SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Chawla, S.; Hobbs, H. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bowen, C. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr,Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800111 ER PT J AU Chen, J Huang, H AF Chen, J. Huang, H. TI Detection of small RNAs in Xylella fastidiosa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Chen, J.] ARS, USDA, PWA, Parlier, CA USA. [Huang, H.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. RI Huang, Hong/G-5957-2016 OI Huang, Hong/0000-0002-8957-4881 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800117 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Liu, Z Halterman, D AF Chen, Y. Liu, Z. Halterman, D. TI Molecular determinants of resistance activation and suppression by Phytophthora infestans effector IPI-O SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Chen, Y.; Liu, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Halterman, D.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI USA. RI Liu, Zhenyu/C-1369-2014; Liu, Zhenyu /C-9814-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800115 ER PT J AU Cheng, P Chen, X See, DR AF Cheng, P. Chen, X. See, D. R. TI Virulence and SSR markers revealed only asexual reproduction in the Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici population of the US Pacific Northwest SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Cheng, P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X.; See, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800120 ER PT J AU Choudhary, N Roy, A Leon, GA Picton, DD Wei, G Nakhla, MK Levy, L Brlansky, RH AF Choudhary, N. Roy, A. Leon, G. A. Picton, D. D. Wei, G. Nakhla, M. K. Levy, L. Brlansky, R. H. TI Production of monoclonal antibodies to the expressed coat protein of cytoplasmic Citrus leprosis virus and its application in immunodiagnosis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Choudhary, N.; Roy, A.; Brlansky, R. H.] Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Leon, G. A.] Corpoica, Villavicencio, Colombia. [Picton, D. D.; Wei, G.; Nakhla, M. K.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Levy, L.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800129 ER PT J AU Cisneros, F Chen, Y Michel, A Willis, D Redinbaugh, M AF Cisneros, F. Chen, Y. Michel, A. Willis, D. Redinbaugh, M. TI Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Maize fine streak virus (MFSV) replication and infection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Cisneros, F.; Chen, Y.; Michel, A.] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. [Willis, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Redinbaugh, M.] ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800132 ER PT J AU Crane, JM Gibson, DM Bergstrom, GC AF Crane, J. M. Gibson, D. M. Bergstrom, G. C. TI Ecology of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on wheat florets in relation to biological control of Fusarium graminearum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Crane, J. M.; Bergstrom, G. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Gibson, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800138 ER PT J AU Crouch, J Marra, RE Rossman, AY AF Crouch, J. Marra, R. E. Rossman, A. Y. TI Real-time PCR detection of the boxwood blight pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Crouch, J.; Rossman, A. Y.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Marra, R. E.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800139 ER PT J AU Cruz, CD Stack, JP Magarey, RD Fowler, GA AF Cruz, C. D. Stack, J. P. Magarey, R. D. Fowler, G. A. TI Probability of Magnaporthe oryzae (Triticum pathotype) introduction into the United States: A quantitative pathway analysis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Cruz, C. D.; Stack, J. P.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Magarey, R. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fowler, G. A.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,PERAL, Raleigh, NC USA. RI Cruz, Celia/K-3977-2013 OI Cruz, Celia/0000-0001-8922-5713 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800141 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Zhao, Y Dally, E Lee, I Jomantiene, R Douglas, SM AF Davis, R. E. Zhao, Y. Dally, E. Lee, I. Jomantiene, R. Douglas, S. M. TI 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni' and its relatedness to phytoplasmas causing grapevine yellows disease in eastern United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Davis, R. E.; Zhao, Y.; Dally, E.; Lee, I.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jomantiene, R.] Nat Res Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Douglas, S. M.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800149 ER PT J AU Ding, F Duan, Y Zhang, S AF Ding, F. Duan, Y. Zhang, S. TI Stress-induced response of prophage FP1 and FP2 in 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Ding, F.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS USHRL, IFAS TREC, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Duan, Y.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Zhang, S.] Univ Florida, IFAS TREC, Homestead, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800157 ER PT J AU Dipak, D Chen, X See, DR AF Dipak, D. Chen, X. See, D. R. TI Genetic diversity of international collections of Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Dipak, D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X.; See, D. R.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800159 ER PT J AU Doll, DA Browne, GT Hanson, B Fennimore, SA AF Doll, D. A. Browne, G. T. Hanson, B. Fennimore, S. A. TI First-year almond tree performance as affected by preplant soil steam, backhoe, and fumigation treatments in a replanted site with the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Doll, D. A.] Univ Calif, Merced, CA USA. [Browne, G. T.] USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. [Hanson, B.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fennimore, S. A.] Univ Calif, Salinas, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800160 ER PT J AU Doud, MS Hoffman, MT Zhang, M Stover, E Hall, D Zhang, S Duan, Y AF Doud, M. S. Hoffman, M. T. Zhang, M. Stover, E. Hall, D. Zhang, S. Duan, Y. TI Thermal treatments eliminate or suppress the bacterial pathogen in huanglongbing-affected citrus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Doud, M. S.; Hoffman, M. T.; Stover, E.; Hall, D.; Duan, Y.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Zhang, M.] Univ Florida, IFAS IRREC, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Zhang, S.] Univ Florida, IFAS TREC, Homestead, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800164 ER PT J AU Dunnell, KL Faris, JD Friesen, TL Edwards, MC Lu, S AF Dunnell, K. L. Faris, J. D. Friesen, T. L. Edwards, M. C. Lu, S. TI Heterologous expression and functional analysis of the wheat group 1 pathogenesis-related (PR-1) proteins SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Dunnell, K. L.; Faris, J. D.; Friesen, T. L.; Edwards, M. C.; Lu, S.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800172 ER PT J AU Edwards, MC Weiland, JJ AF Edwards, M. C. Weiland, J. J. TI Coat protein expression strategy of Oat blue dwarf virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY AUG 04-08, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS) C1 [Edwards, M. C.; Weiland, J. J.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 102 IS 7 SU 4 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SX UT WOS:000322797800176 ER EF