FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Meldrum, JR Champ, PA Warziniack, T Brenkert-Smith, H Barth, CM Falk, LC AF Meldrum, James R. Champ, Patricia A. Warziniack, Travis Brenkert-Smith, Hannah Barth, Christopher M. Falk, Lilia C. TI Cost shared wildfire risk mitigation in Log Hill Mesa, Colorado: survey evidence on participation and willingness to pay SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; homeowner risk mitigation; non-market valuation; risk perceptions; two-stage decision model; wildland-urban interface ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CHANGING CLIMATE; DEFENSIBLE SPACE; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; MANAGEMENT; VALUES; INSURANCE; DECISIONS; FLORIDA AB Wildland-urban interface (WUI) homeowners who do not mitigate the wildfire risk on their properties impose a negative externality on society. To reduce the social costs of wildfire and incentivise homeowners to take action, cost sharing programs seek to reduce the barriers that impede wildfire risk mitigation. Using survey data from a WUI community in western Colorado and a two-stage decision framework, we examine residents' willingness to participate in a cost sharing program for removing vegetation on their properties and the amount they are willing to contribute to the cost of that removal. We find that different factors motivate decisions about participation and about how much to pay. Willingness to participate correlates with both financial and non-monetary considerations, including informational barriers and wildfire risk perceptions, but not with concerns about effectiveness or visual impacts. Residents of properties with higher wildfire risk levels are less likely to participate in the cost sharing than those with lower levels of wildfire risk. We find widespread, positive willingness to pay for vegetation removal, with the amount associated negatively with property size and positively with respondent income. These results can inform the development of cost sharing programs to encourage wildfire risk mitigation on private property. C1 [Meldrum, James R.; Brenkert-Smith, Hannah] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Champ, Patricia A.; Warziniack, Travis] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barth, Christopher M.] Bur Land Management, Southwest Dist Fire Management Program, Montrose, CO 81401 USA. [Falk, Lilia C.] West Reg Wildfire Council, Montrose, CO 81401 USA. RP Meldrum, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM james.meldrum@colorado.edu OI Meldrum, James/0000-0001-5250-3759 FU United States Interagency National Fire Plan, Forest Service [13-CS-11221636-036] FX We thank the West Region Wildfire Council (WRWC) for providing the survey data. The research reported in this paper was carried out in the Research Program on Environment and Society in the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder. This work was improved by the constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers and participants of the 2013 W-3133 Meeting. Funding provided by the United States Interagency National Fire Plan, Forest Service agreement number 13-CS-11221636-036. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1071/WF13130 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL6LX UT WOS:000339245300011 ER PT J AU Rokhsaz, K Kliment, LK Nelson, J Newcomb, J AF Rokhsaz, Kamran Kliment, Linda K. Nelson, John Newcomb, James TI Operational Assessment of Heavy Air Tankers SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Flight data collected by various P2V and P3A air tankers in actual operation over several seasons have been used to construct statistical information on aircraft usage and maneuver load spectra in this role. The data used for this report consist of 5316 flight files, collected during the 2008 and 2009 fire seasons. Flights have been divided into multiple phases, separating the segments when retardant is dropped from others. Basic flight parameters such as airspeed, altitude, flight duration and distance, bank, and pitch angles are shown in statistical form. Vertical accelerations are used to construct V - n diagrams for comparison with the manufacturers' data. Airframe cycle tunes are shown to be approximately 45 min. Several coincident flight events are shown and compared with operational limits when available. The altitudes, the normal accelerations, and the airspeeds have not revealed any operation outside of the established boundaries. Relatively large dive and roll angles were prominently present during all but the drop phases. Nonetheless, they are shown to remain within the limits stated by the manufacturer or imposed by the Federal Aviation Administration type certificate data sheets. Cumulative occurrences of maneuver loads have been examined and compared with data from other sources when available. It is shown that the cumulative occurrences of maneuver load factor varies by flight phase, with the largest values associated with the drop and exit phases. For the overall flight, maneuver loads were shown to occur at lower frequencies than those stated in Military specification MIL-A-8866C(AS). C1 [Rokhsaz, Kamran; Kliment, Linda K.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Nelson, John] US Forest Serv, Boise, ID 83705 USA. [Newcomb, James] FAA, William J Hughes Tech Ctr, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP Rokhsaz, K (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. FU Federal Aviation Administration [08-G-016] FX This work was partially funded by the Federal Aviation Administration under grant 08-G-016. The authors would like to acknowledge the technical support provided by HBM-nCode and the U.S. Forest Service. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 62 EP 77 DI 10.2514/1.C031922 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AL2RP UT WOS:000338973100007 ER PT J AU Little, NS Blount, NA Caprio, MA Riggins, JJ AF Little, N. S. Blount, N. A. Caprio, M. A. Riggins, J. J. TI Survey of Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Utilization of Temperate Forests SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formosan subterranean termites; Coptotermes formosanus; timber stumps; hardwood; softwood ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; MISSISSIPPI; WOOD AB Both native and invasive subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), including the Formosan subterranean termite, are well known pests of urban areas, but little is known about their distribution or impact in forest ecosystems of the southeastern United States. Recently harvested timber stumps were mechanically inspected for the presence of subterranean termites in multiple locations across southern Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. A systematic line plot cruise with 100 x 200m spacing and 1/20th ha plots was implemented, and all stumps with a diameter greater than 7.6cm were inspected. In total, 7,413 stumps were inspected for the presence of subterranean termites, and 406 of those contained native subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.). Light traps were also placed at 8 sites to detect the presence of subterranean termite alates. While no invasive Formosan subterranean termites were found during mechanical inspection of tree stumps, alates were captured in light traps at three sites. The proportion of stumps infested with subterranean termites was negatively correlated with the number of stumps in each plot. Although 6.27% of pine stumps and 1.86% of hardwood stumps contained subterranean termites, no correlation was found between subterranean termite presence and type of stump (pine or hardwood) inspected. Subterranean termite presence in stumps ranged from 0.94% to 14.97% depending on site. C1 [Little, N. S.] USDA ARS, Southern Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Blount, N. A.; Caprio, M. A.; Riggins, J. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Little, NS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southern Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nathan.little@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection and Southern Research Station; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station FX The authors would like to thank Jared Seals, Kevin Chase, Brady Self, and Zach Senneff for their contributions to this research project. Their help was instrumental in achieving the objectives of this study. This research was funded by the USDA, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection and Southern Research Station, and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The authors would like to thank the Mississippi Forestry Commission and Weyerhaeuser for providing vital assistance in locating and accessing research sites for this study. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU UNIV ESTADUAL FEIRA SANTANA PI FEIRA DE SANTANA PA AV TRANSORDESTINA S N NOVO HORIZONTE, FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHAI CEP44036-900, BRAZIL SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2014 VL 61 IS 2 BP 198 EP 206 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL2WF UT WOS:000338985600011 ER PT J AU Ramirez, A Rosas, KG Lugo, AE Ramos-Gonzalez, OM AF Ramirez, Alonso Rosas, Keysa G. Lugo, Ariel E. Ramos-Gonzalez, Olga M. TI Spatio-temporal variation in stream water chemistry in a tropical urban watershed SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ion concentrations; nutrient concentrations; Puerto Rico; tropical streams; urban streams; water physicochemistry ID PIRACICABA RIVER-BASIN; PUERTO-RICO; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE; MAJOR IONS; URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; TRANSFORMATION AB Urban activities and related infrastructure alter the natural patterns of stream physical and chemical conditions. According to the Urban Stream Syndrome, streams draining urban landscapes are characterized by high concentrations of nutrients and ions, and might have elevated water temperatures and variable oxygen concentrations. Here, we report temporal and spatial variability in stream physicochemistry in a highly urbanized watershed in Puerto Rico. The main objective of the study was to describe stream physicochemical characteristics and relate them to urban intensity, e.g., percent impervious surface cover, and watershed infrastructure, e.g., road and pipe densities. The Rio Piedras Watershed in the San Juan Metropolitan Area, Puerto Rico, is one of the most urbanized regions on the island. The Rio Piedras presented high solute concentrations that were related to watershed factors, such as percent impervious cover. Temporal variability in ion concentrations lacked seasonality, as did all other parameters measured except water temperature, which was lower during winter and highest during summer, as expected based on latitude. Spatially, stream physicochemistry was strongly related to watershed percent impervious cover and also to the density of urban infrastructure, e. g., roads, pipe, and building densities. Although the watershed is serviced by a sewage collection system, illegal discharges and leaky infrastructure are probably responsible for the elevated ion concentration found. Overall, the Rio Piedras is an example of the response of a tropical urban watershed after major sewage inputs are removed, thus highlighting the importance of proper infrastructure maintenance and management of runoff to control ion concentrations in tropical streams. C1 [Ramirez, Alonso; Rosas, Keysa G.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Lugo, Ariel E.; Ramos-Gonzalez, Olga M.] USDA, Forest Serv Int Inst Trop Forestry, Washington, DC USA. RP Ramirez, A (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. FU San Juan ULTRA Program (NSF) [0948507]; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry; Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB-0620910] FX Thanks are due to Karleen Wagner for helping with sub watershed delimitations, Ana Arache for field sampling support, and the analytical laboratory at the International Institute of Tropical Forestry for sample analyses. Dr. W. H. McDowell provided advice on site selection, analytical techniques, and also commented on the manuscript. Support for this study was obtained from the San Juan ULTRA Program (NSF Grant No. 0948507), the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, and the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0620910). NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 AR 45 DI 10.5751/ES-06481-190245 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK8XI UT WOS:000338711600053 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS AF Fletcher, Reginald S. TI Employing spatial information technologies to monitor biological control of saltcedar in West Texas SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; saltcedar leaf beetle; geographic information system; global positioning system; Hasselblad ID UNITED-STATES; RIO-GRANDE; TAMARIX; INFESTATIONS; DETECT AB The saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhadha spp.) has shown promise as a biocontrol agent for saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) invasions in the USA. In Texas, natural resource managers need assistance in monitoring biological control of invasive saltcedars. This study describes application of a medium-format, digital camera acquiring natural colour imagery and global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to check biological control of saltcedar in west Texas. On 8 July and 8 September 2011, natural colour airborne digital imagery was collected along a 155.8 km transect covering portions of Presidio and Brewster counties of Texas. The camera was tethered to a GPS receiver that geotagged each image and saved the coordinates to a key-hole marked up language file that was viewable on Google Earth. Saltcedar trees exhibiting severe feeding damage and those that were totally defoliated were easily identified in the imagery. The former appeared in orange to brown colour tones; the latter exhibited grey colour tones. Point distribution maps showing locations of saltcedar trees exhibiting feeding damage were developed from GPS information in the GIS. Coordinate points on the map were linked to the corresponding image, permitting the user to have quick access to view imagery. The results of this study show a practical method for monitoring biological control of saltcedar. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM reginald.fletcher@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX This project was funded by USDA-ARS; mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 332 EP 347 DI 10.1080/10106049.2013.768299 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AK9SE UT WOS:000338766200008 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS AF Fletcher, Reginald S. TI Applying broadband spectra to assess biological control of saltcedar in west Texas SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE saltcedar; saltcedar leaf beetle; multispectral; feeding damage; Diorhadba spp. ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; LEAF BEETLE; INVASIVE TAMARIX; CHRYSOMELIDAE; REFLECTANCE; SPP. AB Broadband field spectra were assessed to discriminate invasive saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) trees exhibiting feeding damage caused by the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhadba spp.) from other land cover types. Data were collected at two study sites near Presidio, Texas in 2010 and 2011. Spectral bands evaluated were coastal blue (400-450 nm), blue (450-510 nm), green (510-580 nm), yellow (585-625 nm), red (630-690 nm), red-edge (705-745 nm), and near-infrared (770-895, 860-1040 nm). Data were evaluated with analysis of variance and Scheffe's multiple comparison test (alpha = 0.05). The red band generally separated severely damaged saltcedar trees from other land cover features. Near-infrared bands separated defoliated saltcedar trees. Broadband spectra has potential for distinguishing saltcedar trees exhibiting feeding damage caused by the saltcedar leaf beetle from other associated features, thus supporting future explorations of airborne and satellite-borne multispectral systems to monitor biological control of saltcedar within complex landscapes. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. EM reginald.fletcher@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 383 EP 399 DI 10.1080/10106049.2013.776643 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AK9ST UT WOS:000338767700004 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL Adams, LM Yang, LL Korn, AM AF Brandon, David L. Adams, Lisa M. Yang, Lily L. Korn, Anna M. TI ANTIBODY INTERACTIONS WITH RICINUS COMMUNIS AGGLUTININS STUDIED BY BIOLAYER INTERFEROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biolayer interferometry; Biosensor; Castor; Monoclonal antibody; Ricinus communis agglutinin; Ricin ID ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IN-GROUND BEEF; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; CONTAMINATION; ELISA; MILK; EGG AB Two related agglutinins are present in the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor): ricin, a dichain ribosome-inactivating protein and Ricinus communis agglutinin-1, a much less toxic tetrameric hemagglutinin. The immunochemical analysis of these agglutinins is of special interest because ricin toxicity has resulted in both accidental and intentional poisonings, while it has also provided a potential cancer chemotherapeutic in the form of an immunoconjugate. We previously characterized a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the analysis of potential contamination with ricin in several food matrices. In this study, an optical sensing technique, biolayer interferometry (BLI), was used to study the binding of two mAbs to the agglutinins. MAbs were immobilized on sensors with amine-reactive, Fc-binding, and streptavidin-coated tips to study the interactions with the agglutinins and with ricin A-and B-chains in solution. The kinetically determined equilibrium dissociation constants generally agreed with the relative binding observed in ELISA, although binding was less predictable for the isolated ricin chains. BLI analysis of kinetic constants for mAb 1797 was not affected by nonfat milk (0.5% by volume). BLI provides a useful method to characterize the binding of antibodies, with the potential for immunodiagnostic applications in food matrices. C1 [Brandon, David L.; Adams, Lisa M.; Yang, Lily L.; Korn, Anna M.] ARS, Foodborne Toxin Detect & Prevent Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), ARS, Foodborne Toxin Detect & Prevent Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM david.brandon@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 EI 1532-236X J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2014 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1747 EP 1758 DI 10.1080/00032719.2014.886693 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AK8YW UT WOS:000338715700011 ER PT J AU Huang, HL Liu, M Chen, P AF Huang, Huilian Liu, Min Chen, Pei TI RECENT ADVANCES IN ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mass spectrometry; TCM; UHPLC; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL PROFILING APPROACH; Q-TOF-MS/MS; DISPENSING GRANULE DECOCTIONS; AUTOMATED DATA-ANALYSIS; VALIDATED UPLC-MS/MS; CHAIHU-SHUGAN-SAN; RAT PLASMA; QUADRUPOLE-TIME; FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS AB Traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for thousands of years in China. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is a relatively new technique offering new possibilities. This paper reviews recent developments in UHPLC in the separation and identification, fingerprinting, quantification, and metabolism of traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, the combination of UHPLC with MS has improved the efficiency of the analysis of these materials. C1 [Huang, Huilian; Liu, Min] Jiangxi Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Minist Educ, Key Lab Modern Preparat TCM, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Huang, Huilian; Chen, Pei] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31370376, 81160507]; Project of University's Young Teachers' Development of Jiangxi Province, China [2012-132] FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 31370376 and No. 81160507), and the Project of University's Young Teachers' Development of Jiangxi Province, China (2012-132). NR 115 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 EI 1532-236X J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2014 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1835 EP 1851 DI 10.1080/00032719.2014.888727 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AK8ZU UT WOS:000338718100004 PM 25045170 ER PT J AU Vicca, S Bahn, M Estiarte, M van Loon, EE Vargas, R Alberti, G Ambus, P Arain, MA Beier, C Bentley, LP Borken, W Buchmann, N Collins, SL de Dato, G Dukes, JS Escolar, C Fay, P Guidolotti, G Hanson, PJ Kahmen, A Kroel-Dulay, G Ladreiter-Knauss, T Larsen, KS Lellei-Kovacs, E Lebrija-Trejos, E Maestre, FT Marhan, S Marshall, M Meir, P Miao, Y Muhr, J Niklaus, PA Ogaya, R Penuelas, J Poll, C Rustad, LE Savage, K Schindlbacher, A Schmidt, IK Smith, AR Sotta, ED Suseela, V Tietema, A van Gestel, N van Straaten, O Wan, S Weber, U Janssens, IA AF Vicca, S. Bahn, M. Estiarte, M. van Loon, E. E. Vargas, R. Alberti, G. Ambus, P. Arain, M. A. Beier, C. Bentley, L. P. Borken, W. Buchmann, N. Collins, S. L. de Dato, G. Dukes, J. S. Escolar, C. Fay, P. Guidolotti, G. Hanson, P. J. Kahmen, A. Kroeel-Dulay, G. Ladreiter-Knauss, T. Larsen, K. S. Lellei-Kovacs, E. Lebrija-Trejos, E. Maestre, F. T. Marhan, S. Marshall, M. Meir, P. Miao, Y. Muhr, J. Niklaus, P. A. Ogaya, R. Penuelas, J. Poll, C. Rustad, L. E. Savage, K. Schindlbacher, A. Schmidt, I. K. Smith, A. R. Sotta, E. D. Suseela, V. Tietema, A. van Gestel, N. van Straaten, O. Wan, S. Weber, U. Janssens, I. A. TI Can current moisture responses predict soil CO2 efflux under altered precipitation regimes? A synthesis of manipulation experiments (vol 11, pg 2991, 2014) SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Vicca, S.; Janssens, I. A.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Bahn, M.; Ladreiter-Knauss, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Estiarte, M.; Ogaya, R.; Penuelas, J.] CREAF CEAB UAB, Global Ecol Unit, CSIC, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08913, Catalonia, Spain. [Estiarte, M.; Ogaya, R.; Penuelas, J.] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08913, Catalonia, Spain. [van Loon, E. E.; Tietema, A.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vargas, R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Alberti, G.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Alberti, G.] European Forest Inst, MOUNTFOR Project Ctr, San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Ambus, P.; Beier, C.; Larsen, K. S.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Arain, M. A.] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Arain, M. A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Beier, C.] NIVA Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Bentley, L. P.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Borken, W.] Univ Bayreuth, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany. [Buchmann, N.] ETH, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Collins, S. L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [de Dato, G.; Guidolotti, G.] Univ Tuscia, Dept Innovat Biol Agrofood & Forest Syst, Viterbo, Italy. [Dukes, J. S.; Suseela, V.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, J. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Dukes, J. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Escolar, C.; Maestre, F. T.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Dept Biol & Geol, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Mostoles 28933, Spain. [Fay, P.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Hanson, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kahmen, A.] ETH, Inst Agr Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kroeel-Dulay, G.; Lellei-Kovacs, E.] MTA Ctr Ecol Res, H-2163 Vacratot, Hungary. [Lebrija-Trejos, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Ecol Plants, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Marhan, S.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Soil Sci & Land Evaluat, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Marshall, M.; Smith, A. R.] Environm Ctr Wales, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Meir, P.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Meir, P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Miao, Y.; Wan, S.] Henan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Cotton Biol, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, Peoples R China. [Muhr, J.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Proc, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Niklaus, P. A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Rustad, L. E.] USFS Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Savage, K.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Schindlbacher, A.] Fed Res & Training Ctr Forests Nat Hazards & Land, Dept Forest Ecol, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. [Schmidt, I. K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Smith, A. R.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Sotta, E. D.] Embrapa Amapa, BR-68906970 Macapa, AP, Brazil. [Suseela, V.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [van Gestel, N.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [van Straaten, O.] Univ Gottingen, Buesgen Inst Soil Sci Trop & Subtrop Ecosyst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Weber, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Integrat BGI, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Vicca, S (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM sara.vicca@uantwerpen.be RI Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Wan, Shiqiang/B-5799-2009; Bahn, Michael/I-3536-2013; Larsen, Klaus/C-7549-2015; Schmidt, Inger /A-6230-2015; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; de Dato, Giovanbattista/F-9693-2014; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016; Ambus, Per/B-2514-2015; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Estiarte, Marc/G-2001-2016; Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Vicca, Sara/I-3637-2012 OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776; Larsen, Klaus/0000-0002-1421-6182; Schmidt, Inger /0000-0003-3880-2060; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; de Dato, Giovanbattista/0000-0003-0289-1727; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179; Ambus, Per/0000-0001-7580-524X; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Estiarte, Marc/0000-0003-1176-8480; Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Vicca, Sara/0000-0001-9812-5837 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 3307 EP 3308 DI 10.5194/bg-11-3307-2014 PG 2 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AK9QH UT WOS:000338761200014 ER PT J AU Hungate, BA Duval, BD Dijkstra, P Johnson, DW Ketterer, ME Stiling, P Cheng, W Millman, J Hartley, A Stover, DB AF Hungate, B. A. Duval, B. D. Dijkstra, P. Johnson, D. W. Ketterer, M. E. Stiling, P. Cheng, W. Millman, J. Hartley, A. Stover, D. B. TI Nitrogen inputs and losses in response to chronic CO2 exposure in a subtropical oak woodland SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FLORIDA SCRUB-OAK; SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; SOIL CARBON; LEAF ABSCISSION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; DINITROGEN FIXATION AB Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may alter the nitrogen (N) content of ecosystems by changing N inputs and N losses, but responses vary in field experiments, possibly because multiple mechanisms are at play. We measured N fixation and N losses in a subtropical oak woodland exposed to 11 years of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We also explored the role of herbivory, carbon limitation, and competition for light or nutrients in shaping the response of N fixation to elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 did not significantly alter gaseous N losses, but lower recovery and deeper distribution in the soil of a long-term N-15 tracer indicated that elevated CO2 increased leaching losses. Elevated CO2 had no effect on nonsymbiotic N fixation, and had a transient effect on symbiotic N fixation by the dominant legume. Elevated CO2 tended to reduce soil and plant concentrations of iron, molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium, nutrients essential for N fixation. Competition for nutrients and herbivory likely contributed to the declining response of N fixation to elevated CO2. These results indicate that positive responses of N fixation to elevated CO2 may be transient and that chronic exposure to elevated CO2 can increase N leaching. Models that assume increased fixation or reduced N losses with elevated CO2 may overestimate future N accumulation in the biosphere. C1 [Hungate, B. A.; Duval, B. D.; Dijkstra, P.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hungate, B. A.; Duval, B. D.; Dijkstra, P.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Johnson, D. W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Ketterer, M. E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Stiling, P.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Duval, B. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cheng, W.] Yamagata Univ, Fac Agr, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 9978555, Japan. [Hartley, A.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Marine & Ecol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Stover, D. B.] US DOE, Dept Energy, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Hungate, BA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM bruce.hungate@nau.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-95ER61993, DE-SC0008260]; US National Science Foundation [DEB-9873715, DEB-0092642, DEB-0445324]; US National Science Foundation (NSF IGERT fellowship); Arizona Technology Research and Innovation Fund FX Funding for this long-term experiment was provided by the US Department of Energy (DE-FG-02-95ER61993, and DE-SC0008260) and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-9873715, DEB-0092642, and DEB-0445324, and an NSF IGERT fellowship to B. D. Duval), with technical and infrastructure support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Kennedy Space Center. The Thermo X Series 2 quadrupole ICPMS at NAU was supported through funds from the Arizona Technology Research and Innovation Fund (to M. E. Ketterer). We thank Bert Drake for the vision to establish and oversee the experiment, and David Johnson, Tom Powell, Troy Seiler and Hans Anderson for their commitment to its upkeep and success. NR 115 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 3323 EP 3337 DI 10.5194/bg-11-3323-2014 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AK9QH UT WOS:000338761200016 ER PT J AU Wellman, KF Biedenweg, K Wolf, K AF Wellman, Katharine F. Biedenweg, Kelly Wolf, Kathleen TI Social Sciences in Puget Sound Recovery Introduction SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID URBAN ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM; PLACE; CONSERVATION; SENSE C1 [Wellman, Katharine F.] Northern Econ Inc, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Wellman, Katharine F.] Puget Sound Partnership Sci Panel, Seattle, WA USA. [Biedenweg, Kelly] Univ Washington, Puget Sound Inst, Tacoma, WA USA. [Biedenweg, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Wolf, Kathleen] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wolf, Kathleen] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wellman, KF (reprint author), Northern Econ Inc, 1455 NW Leary Way,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM Katharine.Wellman@norecon.com NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2014 VL 42 IS 4 SI SI BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.923129 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK9CK UT WOS:000338724900002 ER PT J AU Zhou, HF Leu, SY Wu, XL Zhu, JY Gleisner, R Yang, DJ Qiu, XQ Horn, E AF Zhou, Haifeng Leu, Shao-Yuan Wu, Xiaolei Zhu, J. Y. Gleisner, Roland Yang, Dongjie Qiu, Xueqing Horn, Eric TI Comparisons of high titer ethanol production and lignosulfonate properties by SPORL pretreatment of lodgepole pine at two temperatures SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; DILUTE-ACID; HIGH-SOLIDS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNIN; FERMENTATION; DETOXIFICATION; LIGNOCELLULOSES; BIOCONVERSION AB Mountain pine beetle killed lodgepole pine wood chips were pretreated by SPORL (Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome the Recalcitrance of Lignocelluloses) at 180 degrees C for 25 min and 165 degrees C for 75 min using the same chemical loadings, which represent the same pretreatment severity. The pretreated whole slurries were used to produce lignosulfonate and ethanol through simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and combined fermentation (SSCombF) up to solid loadings of 18% without detoxification. Low temperature pretreatment reduced furan formation, which facilitated ethanol production as measured by ethanol productivity and sugar consumption. The improved carbohydrate yields at 165 degrees C also produced high ethanol yields (liter per tonne wood) at all SSCombF solids loadings. An ethanol yield and titer of 306 L per tonne wood, or approximately 72% theoretical, and 47.1 g L-1, respectively, were achieved without detoxification at 165 degrees C. Lignosulfonates (LS) produced from the two SPORL runs are highly sulfonated but have lower molecular weight than a commercial high purity softwood LS. Both infrared and NMR spectra of LS from SPORL treated wood chips were compared with those of the commercial LS. The LSs from SPORL treated wood chips were found to have better dispersion properties than the commercial LS. C1 [Zhou, Haifeng; Wu, Xiaolei; Yang, Dongjie; Qiu, Xueqing] S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem Chem Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Haifeng; Leu, Shao-Yuan; Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, Roland] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Leu, Shao-Yuan] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Horn, Eric] BioPulping Int Inc, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU USDA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II project [2010-33610-21589]; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) [2013DFA41670] FX This work was supported by a USDA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II project (Contract Number: 2010-33610-21589) to Biopulping International, and the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC), and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP): 2013DFA41670. The funding from these programs made the visiting appointment of Zhou at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) possible. We would like to acknowledge Jerry Gargulak of LignoTech for providing us the D748 Lignosulfonate; Fred Matt for conducting carbohydrate measurements; and Bruce Dien and Ron Hector of USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL for providing us the YRH400 yeast and insightful discussion of fermentation performance. All authors have no conflict of interest in publishing this paper. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 51 BP 27030 EP 27038 DI 10.1039/c4ra03608e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AK7XE UT WOS:000338640200061 ER PT J AU Goodsell, JE Moon, RJ Huizar, A Pipes, RB AF Goodsell, Johnathan E. Moon, Robert J. Huizar, Alionso Pipes, R. Byron TI A strategy for prediction of the elastic properties of epoxy-cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced fiber networks SO NORDIC PULP & PAPER RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Laminate theory; Multi-scale modeling; Elasticity; Network composites; Cellulose nanocrystals ID PAPER SHEET PROPERTIES; MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; WHISKERS AB The reinforcement potential of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) additions on an idealized 2-dirmensional (2-D) fiber network structure consisting of micron sized fiber elements was investigated. The reinforcement mechanism considered in this study was through the stiffening of the micron sized fiber elements via a CNC-epoxy coating. A hierarchical analytical modeling approach was used to estimate the elastic properties spanning three different structural features; i) micromechanics for CNC-epoxy properties, ii) laminate theory for fiber elements coated with CNC-epoxy, and iii) a 2-D network model for an assembly of interconnected fiber elements. The extent to which CNC-epoxy coating can stiffen a fiber element was dependent on the CNC volume fraction, CNC-epoxy layer thickness, CNC alignment, CNC aspect ratio, and the original stiffness of the fiber element. Calculations suggest there is a potential for CNC additions to stiffen network structures, the extent to which is strongly depending on the initial fiber element stiffness. Incorporation of limited experimental observations into the model and fiber element properties typical of fibers used in paper products, however, suggests that the enhancement of CNCs on a wood fiber element and thus on the network structure, may be limited. C1 [Goodsell, Johnathan E.; Huizar, Alionso; Pipes, R. Byron] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Goodsell, JE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 701 West Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jgoodsel@purdue.edu; robertmoon@fs.fed.us; bpipes@purdue.edu FU Forest Products Laboratory under USDA [07-CR-11111120-093, 09-JV-11111137-151] FX The authors are grateful to financial support for this research provided by the Forest Products Laboratory under USDA Grant:07-CR-11111120-093, and 09-JV-11111137-151. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU AB SVENSK PAPPERSTIDNING PI STOCKHOLM PA C/O SPCI, BOX 5515, SE114 85 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0283-2631 EI 2000-0669 J9 NORD PULP PAP RES J JI Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AK3PA UT WOS:000338335600011 ER PT J AU Tang, X Price, D Praske, E Vu, DN Purvis-Roberts, K Silva, PJ Cocker, DR Asa-Awuku, A AF Tang, X. Price, D. Praske, E. Vu, D. N. Purvis-Roberts, K. Silva, P. J. Cocker, D. R., III Asa-Awuku, A. TI Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of aliphatic amine secondary aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE MASS ANALYZER; ANALYSIS-A METHOD; ORGANIC AEROSOL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; ACTIVATION KINETICS; NITRIC-ACID; WATER; SIZE; TRIMETHYLAMINE AB Aliphatic amines can form secondary aerosol via oxidation with atmospheric radicals (e.g., hydroxyl radical and nitrate radical). The particle can contain both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and inorganic salts. The ratio of organic to inorganic materials in the particulate phase influences aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. SOA formed from trimethylamine (TMA) and butylamine (BA) reactions with hydroxyl radical (OH) is composed of organic material of low hygroscopicity (single hygroscopicity parameter, kappa, < 0.25). Secondary aerosol formed from the tertiary aliphatic amine (TMA) with N2O5 (source of nitrate radical, NO3) contains less volatile compounds than the primary aliphatic amine (BA) aerosol. As relative humidity (RH) increases, inorganic amine salts are formed as a result of acid-base reactions. The CCN activity of the humid TMA-N2O5 aerosol obeys Zdanovskii, Stokes, and Robinson (ZSR) ideal mixing rules. The humid BA + N2O5 aerosol products were found to be very sensitive to the temperature at which the measurements were made within the streamwise continuous-flow thermal gradient CCN counter; kappa ranges from 0.4 to 0.7 dependent on the instrument supersaturation (ss) settings. The variance of the measured aerosol kappa values indicates that simple ZSR rules cannot be applied to the CCN results from the primary aliphatic amine system. Overall, aliphatic amine aerosol systems' kappa ranges within 0.2 < kappa < 0.7. This work indicates that aerosols formed via nighttime reactions with amines are likely to produce hygroscopic and volatile aerosol, whereas photochemical reactions with OH produce secondary organic aerosol of lower CCN activity. The contributions of semivolatile secondary organic and inorganic material from aliphatic amines must be considered for accurate hygroscopicity and CCN predictions from aliphatic amine systems. C1 [Tang, X.; Price, D.; Vu, D. N.; Cocker, D. R., III; Asa-Awuku, A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Tang, X.; Price, D.; Vu, D. N.; Cocker, D. R., III; Asa-Awuku, A.] Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Praske, E.; Purvis-Roberts, K.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Praske, E.; Purvis-Roberts, K.] Pitzer Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Praske, E.; Purvis-Roberts, K.] Scripps Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Silva, P. J.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Silva, P. J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Asa-Awuku, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM akua@engr.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010; OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769; Price, Derek/0000-0003-3693-1475 FU National Science Foundation [ENG 1032388, ATM 0849765]; W. M. Keck Foundation; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Fellowship [FP-91751101] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (ENG 1032388 & ATM 0849765) and W. M. Keck Foundation. D. Vu acknowledges US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91751101 for her contribution to this work. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or EPA. No endorsement is implied by the USDA for any instrument or method mentioned here to the exclusion of other methods which provide similar ability. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 5959 EP 5967 DI 10.5194/acp-14-5959-2014 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK5BH UT WOS:000338438300006 ER PT J AU Ortega, J Turnipseed, A Guenther, AB Karl, TG Day, DA Gochis, D Huffman, JA Prenni, AJ Levin, EJT Kreidenweis, SM DeMott, PJ Tobo, Y Patton, EG Hodzic, A Cui, YY Harley, PC Hornbrook, RS Apel, EC Monson, RK Eller, ASD Greenberg, JP Barth, MC Campuzano-Jost, P Palm, BB Jimenez, JL Aiken, AC Dubey, MK Geron, C Offenberg, J Ryan, MG Fornwalt, PJ Pryor, SC Keutsch, FN DiGangi, JP Chan, AWH Goldstein, AH Wolfe, GM Kim, S Kaser, L Schnitzhofer, R Hansel, A Cantrell, CA Mauldin, RL Smith, JN AF Ortega, J. Turnipseed, A. Guenther, A. B. Karl, T. G. Day, D. A. Gochis, D. Huffman, J. A. Prenni, A. J. Levin, E. J. T. Kreidenweis, S. M. DeMott, P. J. Tobo, Y. Patton, E. G. Hodzic, A. Cui, Y. Y. Harley, P. C. Hornbrook, R. S. Apel, E. C. Monson, R. K. Eller, A. S. D. Greenberg, J. P. Barth, M. C. Campuzano-Jost, P. Palm, B. B. Jimenez, J. L. Aiken, A. C. Dubey, M. K. Geron, C. Offenberg, J. Ryan, M. G. Fornwalt, P. J. Pryor, S. C. Keutsch, F. N. DiGangi, J. P. Chan, A. W. H. Goldstein, A. H. Wolfe, G. M. Kim, S. Kaser, L. Schnitzhofer, R. Hansel, A. Cantrell, C. A. Mauldin, R. L. Smith, J. N. TI Overview of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory: site description and selected science results from 2008 to 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; BIOLOGICAL AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ICE NUCLEI POPULATIONS; MOVI-HRTOF-CIMS; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; FLAMMULATED OWLS; TROPOSPHERIC HO2 AB The Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics & Nitrogen (BEACHON) project seeks to understand the feedbacks and inter-relationships between hydrology, biogenic emissions, carbon assimilation, aerosol properties, clouds and associated feedbacks within water-limited ecosystems. The Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory (MEFO) was established in 2008 by the National Center for Atmospheric Research to address many of the BEACHON research objectives, and it now provides a fixed field site with significant infrastructure. MEFO is a mountainous, semi-arid ponderosa pine-dominated forest site that is normally dominated by clean continental air but is periodically influenced by anthropogenic sources from Colorado Front Range cities. This article summarizes the past and ongoing research activities at the site, and highlights some of the significant findings that have resulted from these measurements. These activities include - soil property measurements; - hydrological studies; - measurements of high-frequency turbulence parameters; - eddy covariance flux measurements of water, energy, aerosols and carbon dioxide through the canopy; - determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions and their influence on regional atmospheric chemistry; - aerosol number and mass distributions; - chemical speciation of aerosol particles; - characterization of ice and cloud condensation nuclei; - trace gas measurements; and - model simulations using coupled chemistry and meteorology. In addition to various long-term continuous measurements, three focused measurement campaigns with state-of-the-art instrumentation have taken place since the site was established, and two of these studies are the subjects of this special issue: BEACHON-ROCS (Rocky Mountain Organic Carbon Study, 2010) and BEACHON-RoMBAS (Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study, 2011). C1 [Ortega, J.; Turnipseed, A.; Guenther, A. B.; Karl, T. G.; Gochis, D.; Patton, E. G.; Hodzic, A.; Harley, P. C.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Apel, E. C.; Greenberg, J. P.; Barth, M. C.; Kim, S.; Cantrell, C. A.; Mauldin, R. L.; Smith, J. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Day, D. A.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Palm, B. B.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Day, D. A.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Palm, B. B.; Jimenez, J. L.] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huffman, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Huffman, J. A.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Prenni, A. J.; Levin, E. J. T.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; DeMott, P. J.; Tobo, Y.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cui, Y. Y.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Monson, R. K.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Monson, R. K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Eller, A. S. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aiken, A. C.; Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Geron, C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Offenberg, J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ryan, M. G.] Colorado State Univ, Natl Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, M. G.; Fornwalt, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Pryor, S. C.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Keutsch, F. N.; DiGangi, J. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chan, A. W. H.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Smith, J. N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio 70211, Finland. RP Smith, JN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jimsmith@ucar.edu RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; Chan, Arthur/I-2233-2013; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Patton, Edward/K-3607-2012; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Levin, Ezra/F-5809-2010; Huffman, J. Alex/A-7449-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Tobo, Yutaka/D-9158-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI Patton, Edward/0000-0001-5431-9541; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Chan, Arthur/0000-0001-7392-4237; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Huffman, J. Alex/0000-0002-5363-9516; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Tobo, Yutaka/0000-0003-0951-3315; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU NSF [ATM-0919042, ATM-0919189, ATM-0919317, ATM-1102309, ATM-0852406]; United States Department of Energy [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC00006861]; EC [334084]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518-N20]; DOC-fFORTE fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science; United States Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research [F265, KP1701]; LANL - Laboratory Directed Research and Development; Max Planck Society (MPG); Geocycles Cluster Mainz (LEC Rheinland-Pfalz); National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge generous field support from Richard Oakes (USDA Forest Service, Manitou Experimental Forest Site Manager). Authors from Colorado State University were supported through NSF grant ATM-0919042. Authors from the University of Colorado were supported by NSF grant ATM-0919189 and United States Department of Energy grant DE-SC0006035. Authors from the National Center for Atmospheric Research were supported by NSF grant ATM-0919317 and US Department of Energy grant DE-SC00006861. T. Karl was also supported by the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Reintegration program, "ALP-AIR", grant no. 334084). S. C. Pryor (Indiana University) was supported by NSF ATM-1102309. Authors from the University of Innsbruck were supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under project number L518-N20. L. Kaser was also supported by a DOC-fFORTE fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science. Authors from the University of Wisconsin-Madison were supported by NSF grant ATM-0852406, the BEACHON project and NASA-SBIR Phase I & II funding. Contributions from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) were funded by the United States Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (project F265, KP1701, M. K. Dubey as principal investigator). A. C. Aiken also thanks LANL - Laboratory Directed Research and Development for a director's postdoctoral fellowship award. The authors would also like to acknowledge substantial participation and input from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC; Mainz, Germany), which was funded by the Max Planck Society (MPG) and the Geocycles Cluster Mainz (LEC Rheinland-Pfalz). J. A. Huffman acknowledges internal faculty support from the University of Denver. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript has been subjected to peer review and has been cleared for publication by the EPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 67 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 6345 EP 6367 DI 10.5194/acp-14-6345-2014 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK5BH UT WOS:000338438300031 ER PT J AU Brower, CN Blanchard, S AF Brower, Charles N. Blanchard, Sadie TI What's in a Meme? The Truth about Investor-State Arbitration: Why It Need Not, and Must Not, Be Repossessed by States SO COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT; HUMAN-RIGHTS; INTERNATIONAL-LAW; TREATIES; BITS; AGREEMENTS; CREDIBILITY; IMPACT; POLICY AB The current discourse on international investment law and investor-State arbitration is replete with inaccuracies and hypothetical fears. Certain quarters are clamoring for sweeping changes that would undermine the effectiveness of foreign investment protection by politicizing the existing neutral, juridical system for resolving investor-State disputes. With the impending expiration of over 1,000 investment treaties and the negotiation of two trade and investment treaties that would cover 65% of the world economy, the system stands at a watershed moment, calling for a comprehensive rebuttal to critics. We argue that proposals to politicize dispute settlement by giving states control over adjudicators, introducing self-judging defenses, permitting retroactive treaty amendment through state practice, or relaxing the rules of treaty interpretation-should be rejected. The evidence demonstrates that investment treaties and arbitration benefit poor states, are even-handed, enhance transparency, allow states ample regulatory leeway, and promote the rule of law. C1 [Brower, Charles N.] Iran United States Claims Tribunal, The Hague, Netherlands. [Brower, Charles N.] Interamer Court Human Rights, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Brower, Charles N.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Brower, Charles N.] Amer Soc Int Law, Washington, DC USA. [Brower, Charles N.] Inst Transnat Arbitrat, Washington, DC USA. [Brower, Charles N.] ASILs Manley O Hudson Medal, Cambridge, MA USA. [Blanchard, Sadie] Max Planck Inst Luxembourg Int European & Regulat, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RP Brower, CN (reprint author), Iran United States Claims Tribunal, The Hague, Netherlands. NR 283 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU COLUMBIA JOURNAL TRANSNATIONAL LAW ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA COLUMBIA UNIV, SCHOOL LAW, 435 W 116TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA SN 0010-1931 EI 2159-1814 J9 COLUMBIA J TRANS LAW JI Columbia J. Transnatl. Law PY 2014 VL 52 IS 3 BP 689 EP 779 PG 91 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA AK0GO UT WOS:000338091100002 ER PT J AU Sun, QN Mandalika, A Elder, T Nair, SS Meng, XZ Huang, F Ragauskas, AJ AF Sun, Qining Mandalika, Anurag Elder, Thomas Nair, Sandeep S. Meng, Xianzhi Huang, Fang Ragauskas, Art J. TI Nanocomposite film prepared by depositing xylan on cellulose nanowhiskers matrix SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID-HYDROLYSIS; HEMICELLULOSES; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACES; WHISKERS AB Novel bionanocomposite films have been prepared by depositing xylan onto cellulose nanowhiskers through a pH adjustment. Analysis of strength properties, water vapour transmission, transparency, surface morphology and thermal decomposition showed the enhancement of film performance. This provides a new green route to the utilization of biomass for sustainable biomaterials production. C1 [Sun, Qining; Nair, Sandeep S.; Meng, Xianzhi; Huang, Fang; Ragauskas, Art J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mandalika, Anurag] Louisiana State Univ, LSU Agr Ctr, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. [Elder, Thomas] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Sun, QN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 500 10th St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arthur.ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Sun, Qining/B-7592-2016; OI Sun, Qining/0000-0002-9678-7834; Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU Paper Science & Engineering (PSE) fellowship program at Institute of Paper Science & Technology (IPST); School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Georgia Institute of Technology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Paper Science & Engineering (PSE) fellowship program at Institute of Paper Science & Technology (IPST) and the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Georgia Institute of Technology. We also thank Noriyuki Okano and John Crenshaw from Olympus America Inc. for their technical support on microscope. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 7 BP 3458 EP 3462 DI 10.1039/c4gc00793j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK3BW UT WOS:000338298600009 ER PT J AU Biannic, B Bozell, JJ Elder, T AF Biannic, Berenger Bozell, Joseph J. Elder, Thomas TI Steric effects in the design of Co-Schiff base complexes for the catalytic oxidation of lignin models to para-benzoquinones SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID O BOND-CLEAVAGE; PARASUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; EPOXIDATION CATALYSTS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; VERATRYL ALCOHOL; ARYL ETHERS; COBALT; CONVERSION; CHEMICALS; EFFICIENT AB New Co-Schiff base complexes that incorporate a sterically hindered ligand and an intramolecular bulky piperazine base in close proximity to the Co center are synthesized. Their utility as catalysts for the oxidation of para-substituted lignin model phenols with molecular oxygen is examined. Syringyl and guaiacyl alcohol, as models of S and G units in lignin, are oxidized in good yield using a catalyst bearing an N-benzylpiperazinyl substituent, with the catalysts displaying improved reactivity for G oxidation. Computational evaluation of the catalysts shows that the piperazinyl substituent is within bonding distance of the Co center. The increased steric interference is suggested as the source of increased G reactivity. C1 [Biannic, Berenger; Bozell, Joseph J.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Ctr Catalyt Convers Biomass C3Bio, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Elder, Thomas] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Biannic, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Ctr Catalyt Convers Biomass C3Bio, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jbozell@utk.edu FU Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio); Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0000997] FX This work was supported as part of the Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0000997. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 7 BP 3635 EP 3642 DI 10.1039/c4gc00709c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK3BW UT WOS:000338298600029 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Varner, GV Cichy, KA Wright, EM AF Kelly, James D. Varner, Gregory V. Cichy, Karen A. Wright, Evan M. TI Registration of 'Powderhorn' Great Northern Bean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID WHITE MOLD; DRY; RESISTANCE AB 'Powderhorn' great northern bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. No. CV-305, PI 669449), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2013 as an upright, midseason cultivar with tolerance to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Powderhorn, was developed using pedigree breeding method to the F 4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In five years of field trials, Powderhorn yielded 3044 kg ha(-1), flowered in 42 d, and matured in 95 d on average. Plants averaged 50 cm in height, with lodging resistance score of 1.7 and seed weight of 37 g 100 seed(-1). Powderhorn combines high yield potential with erect architecture with midseason maturity in a great northern seed type. Powderhorn has resistance to lodging and high pod placement within the plant structure, making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow-row production systems. The upright architecture also contributes to avoidance of white mold, a disease that is intensified by narrow-row production systems. In irrigated trials designed to promote white mold disease development, Powderhorn rated 50% incidence over 4 yr compared with other great northern cultivars that ranged from 70 to 87% white mold incidence. Powderhorn possesses resistance to specific races of rust, virus, and anthracnose. Powderhorn produces seed that meets industry standards for packaging and canning quality in the great northern bean seed class. C1 [Kelly, James D.; Cichy, Karen A.; Wright, Evan M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Varner, Gregory V.] Michigan Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Breckenridge, MI 48615 USA. [Cichy, Karen A.] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, 1066 Bogue St, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kellyj@msu.edu FU Michigan State University AgBioResearch; Michigan Crop Improvement Association; Michigan Bean Commission FX The authors wish to acknowledge the field testing of Powderhorn through the Midwest Regional Performance Nursery by M. Brick in Colorado, J. Osorno in North Dakota, C. Urrea in Nebraska, and J. Beaver in Puerto Rico; with financial support from the Michigan State University AgBioResearch, Michigan Crop Improvement Association and the Michigan Bean Commission. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.05.0020crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100001 ER PT J AU Hunger, RM Edwards, JT Bowden, RL Yan, LL Rayas-Duarte, P Bai, GH Horn, GW Kolmer, JA Giles, KL Chen, MS Jin, Y Osburn, RD Bayles, MB Seabourn, BW Klatt, AR Carver, BF AF Hunger, Robert M. Edwards, Jeffrey T. Bowden, Robert L. Yan, Liuling Rayas-Duarte, Patricia Bai, Guihua Horn, Gerald W. Kolmer, James A. Giles, Kris L. Chen, Ming-Shun Jin, Yue Osburn, Roger D. Bayles, Melanie B. Seabourn, Bradford W. Klatt, Arthur R. Carver, Brett F. TI 'Billings' Wheat Combines Early Maturity, Disease Resistance, and Desirable Grain Quality for the Southern Great Plains, USA SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; RUST RESISTANCE; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; GLUTEN; JAGGER AB Selection pressure for earliness, resistance to multiple pathogens, and quality attributes consistent with the hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) market class is tantamount to, or can obscure, selection for yield potential in lower elevations of the U.S. southern Great Plains. The decline in acreage of 'Jagger' (PI 593688) only impelled this inclination as producers searched for substitutes in the Jagger maturity and yield range but with improved disease protection and similar quality attributes to which end users had become accustomed. Our objective was to certify those very strengths in the HRW wheat cultivar Billings (Reg. No. CV-1089, PI 656843), released in 2009 by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. The cross from which Billings was selected, OK94P597/N566, underscores a historically important dual breeding objective of the Oklahoma State University wheat improvement program: to identify improved fungal disease resistance in, and capitalize on the perceived heterotic pattern among, progeny derived from Great Plains x eastern European crosses. Billings is the bulked descendent of an F 4: 5 line and was tested as experimental line OK03522. Large kernel size and superior yielding ability reflect Billings' resistance to diseases prevalent in Oklahoma and surrounding states. Its favorable dough strength is expressed as exceptional recovery of isolated gluten fractions from compressive deformation. C1 [Hunger, Robert M.; Giles, Kris L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Edwards, Jeffrey T.; Yan, Liuling; Bayles, Melanie B.; Klatt, Arthur R.; Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bowden, Robert L.; Bai, Guihua; Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Rayas-Duarte, Patricia] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Food & Agr Prod Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Horn, Gerald W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Kolmer, James A.; Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Osburn, Roger D.] Oklahoma Crop Improvement Assoc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford W.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM brett.carver@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Wheat Commission; Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service; USDA-CSREES [2010-34198-20812]; USDA-NIFA T-CAP [2011-68002-30029]; Oklahoma Center of Advanced Science and Technology (OCAST) [PAS07-002] FX Billings was developed and characterized by financial support of the Oklahoma Wheat Commission, the Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation, the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. Research at the Wheat Pasture Research Unit near Marshall, OK, was supported in part by USDA-CSREES Special Research Grants from 1997 to 2010, with the final grant numbered 2010-34198-20812. Molecular characterization was supported in part by USDA-NIFA T-CAP Grant no. 2011-68002-30029 and the Oklahoma Center of Advanced Science and Technology (OCAST, PAS07-002). We are grateful for the assistance of Jeff Wright and Margaret Collins (OFSS, Inc.) in breeder seed increase and foundation seed multiplication and maintenance of Billings. The technical assistance of Brian Olson, Richard Austin, Tina Johnson, Connie Shelton, Nathan Stepp, Rich Kochenower, Roger Gribble, Ray Sidwell, Mike Hogg, Lawrence Bohl, Erich Wehrenberg, and Wayne Whitmore is specially acknowledged. The wheat breeding programs of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute and Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., are gratefully acknowledged for providing germplasm that led to the development of Billings. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.3198/jpr2012.11.0053crc PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100006 ER PT J AU Mergoum, M Simsek, S Zhong, SB Acevedo, M Friesen, TL Singh, PK Adhikari, TB Alamri, MS Frohberg, RC AF Mergoum, Mohamed Simsek, Senay Zhong, Shaobin Acevedo, Maricelis Friesen, Timothy L. Singh, Pawan K. Adhikari, Tika B. Alamri, Mohammed S. Frohberg, Richard C. TI 'Velva' Spring Wheat: An Adapted Cultivar to North-Central Plains of the United States with High Agronomic and Quality Performance SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; TAN SPOT; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE AB Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growers and industry value adapted wheat cultivars with high quality attributes, essential criteria for maintaining wheat as a competitive crop in the spring wheat growing region of the United States. To address this goal, the breeding program at North Dakota State University (NDSU) aims to develop modern wheat cultivars using both traditional and modern breeding tools. Among these cultivars, 'Velva' (Reg. No. CV-1090, PI 665417) hard red spring wheat (HRSW) was developed at NDSU. It was released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2012. Velva was tested as experimental line ND811 and was released because it is well adapted to the wheat growing conditions of North Dakota. It combines high yield potential with good end-use quality and has a good disease resistance package including Fusarium head blight (FHB) [caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch)] and leaf diseases including stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.), leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.), and leaf spotting diseases. Velva has the Lr21 gene that confers resistance to leaf rust. However, 2011 field observations showed that Velva is susceptible to the new race that overcomes the Lr21 gene. The name Velva was chosen after a small town in central North Dakota where Velva performed very well. C1 [Mergoum, Mohamed; Simsek, Senay; Frohberg, Richard C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Zhong, Shaobin; Acevedo, Maricelis; Adhikari, Tika B.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. [Singh, Pawan K.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Texcoco 56130, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Alamri, Mohammed S.] King Saud Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Coll Food & Agr Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Mergoum, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, POB 5051, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.06.0026crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100007 ER PT J AU Martin, TJ Zhang, GR Fritz, AK Miller, R Chen, MS AF Martin, Terry J. Zhang, Guorong Fritz, Allan K. Miller, Rebecca Chen, Ming-Shun TI Registration of 'Clara CL' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Clara CL' (Reg. No. CV-1091, PI 665948) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed at the Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2011. Clara CL carries one Clearfield gene and has tolerance to imazamox herbicide. Clara CL was selected from a single cross of KS03HW154/KS03HW1 using a modified bulk breeding method. Both parental lines are unreleased hard white winter experimental lines from Kansas State University. The objective of the cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat cultivar with herbicide resistance and adaptation to the semiarid area in western Kansas. Clara CL was released because of its tolerance to imazamox herbicide, high grain yield potential under nonirrigated conditions in western Kansas, preharvest sprouting tolerance, and good disease and insect resistance. C1 [Martin, Terry J.; Zhang, Guorong] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Fritz, Allan K.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Miller, Rebecca] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zhang, GR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM gzhang@ksu.edu FU Kansas Wheat Commission; Kansas Crop Improvement Association; BASF Corporation FX The contribution no. for this paper is 14-014-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was supported in part by the Kansas Wheat Commission, the Kansas Crop Improvement Association, and the BASF Corporation. The authors thank C. Seaman, A. Stegman, P. Geier, farmer cooperators, and colleagues at the KSU Research and Extension Stations and USDA-ARS for their help in conducting trials to evaluate Clara CL. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.07.0040crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100008 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Baenziger, PS Santra, DK Regassa, T Jin, Y Kolmer, J Wegulo, S Bai, GH St Amand, P Chen, XM Seabourn, B Dowell, F Bowden, R Marshall, DM AF Graybosch, R. A. Baenziger, P. S. Santra, D. K. Regassa, T. Jin, Y. Kolmer, J. Wegulo, S. Bai, Guihua St Amand, Paul Chen, Xianming Seabourn, B. Dowell, F. Bowden, R. Marshall, D. M. TI Registration of 'Mattern' Waxy (Amylose-free) Winter Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB 'Mattern' (Reg. No. CV-1092, PI 665947) hard winter waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2012. Mattern has red grain color and waxy (amylose-free) endosperm starch. It was released primarily for its unique end-use quality attributes and for grain yield competitive with currently grown Nebraska-adapted cultivars. The waxy starch is conditioned by the presence of three naturally occurring mutations that eliminate production of the enzyme granule-bound starch synthase. Granule-bound starch synthase synthesizes amylose in typical wheats and other cereal crops. Mattern was tested experimentally as NX04Y2107 and was selected from the cross NW98S061/99Y1442. C1 [Graybosch, R. A.; Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.; Bai, Guihua; St Amand, Paul; Chen, Xianming; Seabourn, B.; Dowell, F.; Bowden, R.; Marshall, D. M.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Graybosch, R. A.; Santra, D. K.; Regassa, T.; Wegulo, S.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov RI Regassa, Teshome /D-6476-2015; OI Wegulo, Stephen/0000-0002-4435-6055 FU Nebraska Wheat Development, Utilization, and Marketing Board; USDA-ARS Project, Genetic Improvement of Winter Wheat for End-Use Quality and Disease Resistance [5440-21000-031-00] FX Mattern was developed with partial financial support from the Nebraska Wheat Development, Utilization, and Marketing Board. Funding for R.A. Graybosch is derived from USDA-ARS Project Number 5440-21000-031-00, Genetic Improvement of Winter Wheat for End-Use Quality and Disease Resistance. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Lori Divis, Vern Hansen, Gregory Dorn, Mitchell Montgomery, Elizabeth Maghirang, and Janelle Millhouse, and the vision and support of Cal Konzak. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.08.0045crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100009 ER PT J AU Prophete, E Demosthenes, G Godoy-Lutz, G Porch, TG Beaver, JS AF Prophete, E. Demosthenes, G. Godoy-Lutz, G. Porch, T. G. Beaver, J. S. TI Registration of PR0633-10 and PR0737-1 Red Mottled Dry Bean Germplasm Lines with Resistance to BGYMV, BCMV, BCMNV, and Common Bacterial Blight SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID POTYVIRUS RESISTANCE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; I-GENE; MARKER; SELECTION; QTL AB Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) are important diseases of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Central America and the Caribbean. The development of dry bean cultivars with enhanced levels of resistance to these and other diseases is an important goal of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) and other dry bean breeding programs in the Caribbean. PR0633-10 (Reg. No. GP-290, PI 668535) and PR0737-1 (Reg. No. GP-291, PI 668536) are multiple virus resistant bean germplasm lines adapted to the humid tropics that were developed and released cooperatively in 2013 by the UPR Agricultural Experiment Station, the USDA-ARS, the Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development of the Republic of Haiti. Both lines have a red mottled seed type. PR0633-10 possesses the I and bc-3 loci that confer durable resistance to BCMV and BCMNV, whereas PR0737-1 only has the bc-3 locus that confers resistance to BCMV and BCMNV. Both lines have the bgm-1 gene for resistance to BGYMV, whereas PR0633-10 also has the SW12 quantitative trait locus associated with resistance to this virus. PR0633-10 and PR0737-1 produced mean seed yields as great or greater than check cultivars 'PC-50' and 'JB-178' in trials conducted in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. Both lines should serve as useful sources of resistance to BGYMV, BCMV, and BCMNV. C1 [Prophete, E.; Demosthenes, G.] Nat Resources & Rural Dev Republ Haiti, Natl Seed Serv, Minist Agr, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Godoy-Lutz, G.] Inst Dominicano Invest Agr & Forestales, Estn Expt Arroyo Loro, San Juan De La Maguana, Dominican Rep. [Porch, T. G.] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Beaver, J. S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Beaver, JS (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM james.beaver@upr.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.08.0046crg PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100010 ER PT J AU Hinze, LL Kohel, RJ Campbell, BT Percy, RG AF Hinze, Lori L. Kohel, Russell J. Campbell, B. Todd Percy, Richard G. TI Registration of Four Diverse Random-Mated Cotton Germplasm Populations SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PLANT AB Dwarf GP (Reg. No. GP-967; PI 669119), Fiber GP (Reg. No. GP-968; PI 669120), Glandless GP (Reg. No. GP-969; PI 669121), and Race GP (Reg. No. GP-970; PI 669122) are four unique upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm populations (GP) released by the USDA-ARS. Dwarf GP is a four-parent, narrow-based population developed to incorporate dwarfing genes into nondwarf genetic backgrounds. The remaining three populations are broad-based, complex populations. Fiber GP (24 parents) was developed to include potential sources of variation that would improve fiber length and strength. At the time these populations were developed, a viable glandless seed industry existed, and Glandless GP (22 parents) incorporated glandless germplasm from public and private breeders. Race GP (42 parents) was developed to obtain new genetic recombination events among a set of primitive race stock parents. These populations were created to recombine the variability from multiple parents into a single source from which selection can be initiated. Glandless GP was formed by random mating for nine cycles using a bulked pollen methodology. Dwarf GP, Fiber GP, and Race GP were formed by random mating for one cycle using a bulked pollen methodology followed by eight cycles using a male sterile. These populations possess trait specific and non-trait specific genetic diversity resulting from multiple generations of recombination and, therefore, present breeders with useful tools for improvement of elite germplasm. C1 [Hinze, Lori L.; Kohel, Russell J.; Percy, Richard G.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hinze, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM lori.hinze@ars.usda.gov OI Hinze, Lori L/0000-0003-3356-1245 FU CRIS of the U.S. Department of Agriculture [6202-21000-031-00D] FX This research project was supported by funding from CRIS No. 6202-21000-031-00D of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The authors gratefully acknowledge support staff from the USDA-ARS cotton genetics and breeding projects in College Station, TX, and Florence, SC, for their valuable technical assistance during development of and/or evaluation of these populations. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.06.0027crg PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100012 ER PT J AU Bechere, E Auld, DL AF Bechere, Efrem Auld, Dick L. TI Registration of a Tufted-Naked Seed Upland Cotton Germplasm, 9023n(4)(t) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; INHERITANCE; LINES AB A tufted-naked cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) mutant, 9023n(4)(t) (Reg. No. GP-971, PI 667553) was developed from the cultivar SC 9023 (9023) (PI 590933) through chemical mutagenesis. Germplasm line 9023n(4)(t) was developed by the Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, and released in 2013. This mutant has reduced density of short fibers (fuzz) remaining attached to the seed after spinnable fibers lint, are removed, with only a small amount of fuzz attached to the micropylar end of the seed. In 1997, seed of 9023 was treated with 2.45% ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The treated seed was hand planted in the field at Lubbock, TX, in 1997. In 1999, one M-3 plant was identified that produced seed with the tufted-naked trait. An M-6:7 progeny uniform for the trait was identified in 2003 and designated as 9023n(4)(t). During 2004 to 2007 and in 2011, the mutant, along with 9023 and USDA Cotton Collection accession 143 (n(2)n(2)) (PI 528543) and accession 243 (N1N1) (PI 528610), both having no fuzz remaining after removal of spinnable fibers, were tested in replicated tests. The lint percentage of 9023n(4)(t) was not significantly lower than that of the wild-type and was 39% higher than the lint percentage of accession 143 (n(2)n(2)) and 57% higher than accession 243 (N1N1). The mutant had 15% lower high volume instrument (HVI) short fiber content and 45% lower seed coat neps. Germplasm 9023n(4)(t) required less net energy to gin and ginned faster compared with some standard cotton cultivars. C1 [Bechere, Efrem] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Auld, Dick L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bechere, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM efrem.bechere@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; International Cotton Research Center at Texas Tech University; USDA-ARS [6402-21000-028-00D] FX Research leading to the development of 9023n4t mutant was supported by Cotton Incorporated, the International Cotton Research Center at Texas Tech University, and USDA-ARS project number 6402-21000-028-00D. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.06.0025crg PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100013 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Barkley, NA Wang, ML Holbrook, CC Dang, PM AF Chen, Charles Y. Barkley, Noelle A. Wang, Ming L. Holbrook, C. Corley Dang, Phat M. TI Registration of Purified Accessions for the US Peanut Mini-Core Germplasm Collection SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-RESOURCES; DIVERSITY; MARKER AB Many accessions of the USDA peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm collection are heterogeneous. Advances in genomics technology have highlighted the need for collections of homogeneous accessions. The objectives of this research were to purify accessions of the USDA mini-core collection and to characterize this collection for morphological traits. Twenty seeds of 104 accessions (Reg. No. GP-131 to GP-234) of the peanut mini-core collection were planted at Dawson, GA, in 2008 under irrigated conditions. The seeds from five phenotypical uniform plants were harvested, bulked, and planted in Headland, AL, in 2009 to continue the purification process. In 2010, homogenous seeds of each accession were planted in Headland, AL, to increase seed counts for chemical analysis and genotyping. In addition to morphological characters and seed chemical composition, the accessions were evaluated for spotted wilt resistance caused by a Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and early leaf spot resistance caused by Cercospora arachidicola (Hori), which is a major disease that significantly affects peanut production in the southeast. The morphological and chemical data, along with images of pod and seed traits, were entered in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN); detailed information can be found at http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/csr.pl?PEANUT. The results showed that after purification, these accessions not only preserved similar genetic variation in the collection but also became more homogeneous compared to the original accessions. A small number of seed of the purified accession can be obtained for research and breeding purposes through the National Plant Germplasm System (http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/orders.html). C1 [Chen, Charles Y.] Auburn Univ, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Barkley, Noelle A.; Wang, Ming L.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Holbrook, C. Corley] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Dang, Phat M.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cyc0002@auburn.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.01.0003crg PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100016 ER PT J AU Diers, BW Kim, KS Frederick, RD Hartman, GL Unfried, J Schultz, S Cary, T AF Diers, Brian W. Kim, Ki-Seung Frederick, Reid D. Hartman, Glen L. Unfried, Jair Schultz, Sarah Cary, Troy TI Registration of Eight Soybean Germplasm Lines Resistant to Soybean Rust SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; CONFERS RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; MARKERS; LOCUS; CONFIRMATION; GENES; RPP1 AB Soybean rust (SBR; caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow) is a threat to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production worldwide. Although SBR has not caused widespread damage in North America, the crop is still threatened by the disease because most cultivars in production are susceptible. We backcrossed the SBR-resistance genes Rpp1, Rpp1-b, Rpp?(Hyuuga), and Rpp5 into the maturity group (MG) II experimental line LD01-7323 and the MG IV cultivar LD00-3309 to develop Midwest-adapted soybean germplasm with SBR resistance. The backcross lines were tested for SBR resistance in greenhouse tests and for agronomic traits in multilocation field tests. The four MG II soybean germplasm lines LD10-30052 (Reg. No. GP-383, PI 668384), LD10-14321 (Reg. No. GP-384, PI 668385), LD10-14284 (Reg. No. GP-385, PI 668386), and LD09-16057 (Reg. No. GP-386, PI 668387) and the four MG IV germplasm lines LD10-14205 (Reg. No. GP-389, PI 668390), LD10-13091 (Reg. No. GP-387, PI 668388), LD10-14274 (Reg. No. GP-388, PI 668389), and 08RST5-10 (Reg. No. GP-390, PI 668391) developed through these efforts were released by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station in April 2012. The lines carry SBR resistance genes and are indistinguishable from the recurrent parents for morphological traits and, with only a few exceptions, are not significantly different than their recurrent parents for agronomic traits including seed yield. These lines should be useful to soybean breeders who wish to develop rust-resistant cultivars. C1 [Diers, Brian W.; Kim, Ki-Seung; Unfried, Jair; Schultz, Sarah; Cary, Troy] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Frederick, Reid D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@illinois.edu FU United Soybean Board FX Funding for this research was provided by the United Soybean Board. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this paper is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement of approval by the USDA-ARS, NAL, or BIC of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complain of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.3198/jpr2012.11.0052crg PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100019 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Johnson, EOC Shannon, JG Mian, MAR Diers, BW AF Nelson, R. L. Johnson, E. O. C. Shannon, J. G. Mian, M. A. R. Diers, B. W. TI Registration of High-Yielding Soybean Germplasm Line LG06-5798 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line LG06-5798 (Reg. No. GP-382, PI 665996) was developed and released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. LG06-5798 was derived from a single F-3 plant from the cross of LG00-3372 x LD00-3309. LD00-3309 was released by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station in 2006. LG00-3372 was released in 2005 by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station and is from the cross of PI 561319A x PI 574477. LG06-5798 is classified in early maturity group IV. In the 2010 USDA Uniform Group IV Test grown at 15 locations, LG06-5798 was the highest-yielding entry in the test and was significantly higher yielding (p = 0.05) than all of the check cultivars, including LD00-3309. LG06-5798 is known to be susceptible to races 4 and 7 of Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann & Gerdemann. LG06-5798 can be used as a parent for soybean breeding programs to provide new genetic diversity to improve the yield of U.S. cultivars. C1 [Nelson, R. L.; Johnson, E. O. C.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nelson, R. L.; Diers, B. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shannon, J. G.] Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Mian, M. A. R.] ARS, USDA, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM nelson@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board [1232] FX We thank the United Soybean Board for financial support for USB Project 1232: "Expanding the genetic base of U.S. soybean production to improve productivity," which provided significant resources used in the development of this line. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.3198/jpr2012.09.0035crg PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100020 ER PT J AU Bernardo, A Bai, GH Yu, JB Kolb, F Bockus, W Dong, YH AF Bernardo, Amy Bai, Guihua Yu, Jianbin Kolb, Fred Bockus, William Dong, Yanhong TI Registration of Near-Isogenic Winter Wheat Germplasm Contrasting in Fhb1 for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID MARKERS AB The Chinese wheat germplasm Ning7840 (Triticum aestivum L.) contains Fhb1, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance that explains as much as 53% of the phenotypic variation in segregating populations. Ning7840 has been widely used as a resistant parent in breeding programs worldwide, but because of its poor adaptation in the United States, its progenies usually exhibit reduced grain yield due to the transfer of undesirable genes from Ning7840. The development of five near-isogenic lines (NILs: 'Clark'*7/Ning7840) (NIL75, Reg. No. GS-174, PI 668559; NIL78, Reg. No. GS-175, PI 668560; NIL80, Reg. No. GS-176, PI 668561; NIL90, Reg. No. GS-177, PI 668562; NIL98, Reg. No. GS-178, PI 668563) contrasting in Fhb1 alleles was intended to overcome this potential limitation. Marker-assisted backcrossing was used to develop the NILs. Approximately 2000 BC7F2 plants from the backcross of Ning7840 by Clark (recurrent parent) were screened with two Fhb1-flanking markers (Xgwm533 and Xgwm493), and selected BC7F3 families were evaluated for FHB resistance in greenhouses. Both genotypic and phenotypic data confirm the presence of Fhb1 in the four resistant NILs and absence in the one susceptible NIL. All resistant NILs had significantly higher FHB resistance and lower deoxynivalenol content than Clark and the susceptible NIL but yield similar to Clark (P = 0.295). Marker-assisted backcross efficiently transferred Fhb1 into U.S. hard winter wheat without transferring undesirable traits from Ning7840, and these Fhb1 NILs should be useful parents for effective use of Fhb1 in U.S. winter wheat. C1 [Bernardo, Amy; Bockus, William] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua; Yu, Jianbin] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua] ARS, USDA, Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Kolb, Fred] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dong, Yanhong] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grants CAP project from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011- 68002-30029]; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative FX This is contribution number 13-333-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS, USA. This project is partly funded by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants CAP project 2011- 68002-30029 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 106 EP 108 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.05.0021crgs PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100021 ER PT J AU Eizenga, GC Ali, ML Bryant, RJ Yeater, KM McClung, AM McCouch, SR AF Eizenga, Georgia C. Ali, Md Liakat Bryant, Rolfe J. Yeater, Kathleen M. McClung, Anna M. McCouch, Susan R. TI Registration of the Rice Diversity Panel 1 for Genomewide Association Studies SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID STARCH-SYNTHASE-IIA; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; US WEEDY RICE; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; VARIATION REVEALS; AMYLOSE CONTENT; GRAIN; CULTIVARS; VARIETIES; PLATFORM AB The Rice Diversity Panel 1 (Reg. No. MP-6, NSL 500357 MAP) (RDP1) is a collection of 421 purified, homozygous rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions (GSOR 301001 through GSOR 301421; GSOR 312001 through 312020) representing the broad range of genetic variation within O. sativa. The accessions include both landraces and elite rice cultivars, which were classified into five subpopulation groups, including indica (95 accessions) and aus (60), which belong to the Indica varietal group, and tropical japonica (106), temperate japonica (111), and aromatic (Group V) (16) which comprise the Japonica varietal group. Thirty-three accessions are classified as admixtures because they shared <60% ancestry with a single group. The seed, with and without the hull, and panicle morphology of each accession were documented with digital images, and the RDP1 was phenotyped for morphological, developmental, and physiological traits. Genotypes for 36,901 SNP loci are publicly available for additional genomewide association mapping studies. In this report, we evaluate three grain quality traits on the RDP1: apparent amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature as measured by alkali spreading value (ASV), and protein content. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed AC was the quality trait most closely correlated with subpopulation structure, followed by ASV. These traits indicate that temperate japonica was the most distinct group, whereas aus and indica could not be differentiated, and the aromatic accessions were closest to tropical japonica. C1 [Eizenga, Georgia C.; Bryant, Rolfe J.; McClung, Anna M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Ali, Md Liakat] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen M.] ARS, USDA, SPA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [McCouch, Susan R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM georgia.eizenga@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation-Plant Genome Project: "The Genetic Basis of Transgressive Variation in Rice" [0606461, 1026555] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation-Plant Genome Project: "The Genetic Basis of Transgressive Variation in Rice" (Award nos. 0606461 and 1026555). We gratefully acknowledge the superb technical assistance of Teresa Hancock, Daniel Wood, and Heather Maupin; the assistance of student interns Patricia Archambeau, Chance Jackson, and T. Grant Brock; USDA-ARS personnel Lorie Bernhardt (GSOR technician), Dr. Wengui Yan (rice germplasm geneticist), and Dr. Harold Bockleman (NSGC curator) for their contributions to managing the rice seed stocks; and Dr. Kenneth McNally, Ma. Elizabeth Naredo, and other staff members at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, for their collaboration during validation and quality control of the seed stocks. USDA-ARS scientists Dr. Ming-Hsuan Chen and Dr. Shannon R.M. Pinson are acknowledged for providing excellent reviews of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.3198/jpr2013.03.0013crmp PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK5CO UT WOS:000338442100022 ER PT J AU Fischer, AP Vance-Borland, K Burnett, KM Hummel, S Creighton, JH Johnson, SL Jasny, L AF Fischer, A. Paige Vance-Borland, Ken Burnett, Kelly M. Hummel, S. Creighton, Janean H. Johnson, Sherri L. Jasny, Lorien TI Does the Social Capital in Networks of "Fish and Fire'' Scientists and Managers Suggest Learning? SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE natural resource agencies; organizational learning; riparian and aquatic issues; social capital; social network analysis; wildland fire ID ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE CREATION; RIPARIAN AREAS; WEAK TIES; PERSPECTIVE; GOVERNANCE; INNOVATION AB Patterns of social interaction influence how knowledge is generated, communicated, and applied. Theories of social capital and organizational learning suggest that interactions within disciplinary or functional groups foster communication of knowledge, whereas interactions across groups foster generation of new knowledge. We used social network analysis to examine patterns of social interaction reported in survey data from scientists and managers who work on fish and fire issues. We found that few fish and fire scientists and managers interact with one another, suggesting low bridging social capital and thus, limited opportunity for generation of new knowledge. We also found that although interaction occurs among scientists-suggesting modest bonding social capital-few managers interact with other managers, indicating limited opportunity for communication of scientific knowledge for the purposes of application. We discuss constraints and opportunities for organizational learning evident in these patterns of social interaction among fish and fire scientists and managers. C1 [Fischer, A. Paige] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vance-Borland, Ken] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnett, Kelly M.; Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hummel, S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Creighton, Janean H.] Oregon State Univ Extens, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jasny, Lorien] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Fischer, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM paigefischer@fs.fed.us NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 671 EP 688 DI 10.1080/08941920.2014.901463 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA AK0MK UT WOS:000338107000001 ER PT J AU Khalyani, AH Mayer, AL Norman, ES AF Khalyani, Azad Henareh Mayer, Audrey L. Norman, Emma S. TI Water Flows Toward Power: Socioecological Degradation of Lake Urmia, Iran SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE controversial environmental issues; indigenous peoples; Iran, Lake Urmia; Middle East; political ecology; restoration; saline lakes; water allocation and conservation; water governance ID MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION AB Water is an invaluable resource, and equitable access to it is a fundamental human right. Disenfranchised groups often lose access to water resources because their interests are not well represented by decision makers. Excluding these groups from resource management policy often results in myopic decisions that contribute to further ecosystem damage. We describe the ecological degradation of Lake Urmia in Iran, which has recently experienced increased salinity and declining water quantity. The lake is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and Ramsar site, and supports unique biodiversity in the region. The lake's decline is driven by the destruction of Zagros forests and the government's water policies, which diverted water to more politically connected agricultural land users, increasing social inequity and prompting more deforestation. The most straightforward restoration solution is to discontinue the diversions and allow critical inflows to recharge Lake Urmia, preserving the lake and wetlands for migratory birds, tourists, and local communities. C1 [Khalyani, Azad Henareh] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Khalyani, Azad Henareh] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Mayer, Audrey L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Norman, Emma S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Social Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Khalyani, AH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. EM ahenare@ncsu.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 759 EP 767 DI 10.1080/08941920.2014.905890 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA AK0MK UT WOS:000338107000006 ER PT J AU Schelhas, J AF Schelhas, John TI Pilgrimage to the National Parks: Religion and Nature in the United States SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schelhas, John] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Schelhas, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 783 EP 786 DI 10.1080/08941920.2014.883908 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA AK0MK UT WOS:000338107000009 ER PT J AU Taghavi-Nezhad, M Alipour, D Flythe, MD Zamani, P Khodakaramian, G AF Taghavi-Nezhad, M. Alipour, D. Flythe, M. D. Zamani, P. Khodakaramian, G. TI The effect of essential oils of Zataria multiflora and Mentha spicata on the in vitro rumen fermentation, and growth and deaminative activity of amino acid-fermenting bacteria isolated from Mehraban sheep SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feed efficiency; fermentation kinetics; hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria; natural products ID AMMONIA-PRODUCING BACTERIA; RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS; GAS-PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL FERMENTATION; ANAEROBIC FUNGUS; ANTIBACTERIAL; CLOSTRIDIUM; PHYLOGENY; DIVERSITY; FEEDS AB Gas (CO2 and CH4) and ammonia production in the rumen represent major sources of lost carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The essential oils of some plants have been shown to decrease gas and ammonia production by selectively inhibiting rumen microbes. Particularly, those of Zataria multiflora (ZEO; thymol 21%, carvacrol 32%) and Mentha spicata (SEO; carvone 55%) were evaluated in vitro as ruminant-feed additives. The experiments employed mixed rumen microbes and a hyper-ammonia-producing bacterium (HAP) isolated from the rumen of a Mehraban sheep. Both ZEO and SEO decreased in vitro fibre digestibility and also gas production by mixed rumen microbes that were fermenting a typical growing-lamb diet. ZEO decreased ammonia concentration in mixed culture of rumen microbes, but SEO exerted the opposite effect. A bacterial isolate (MT8) was obtained from the rumen of a Mehraban sheep, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that it was most closely related to Clostridium bifermentans. Isolate MT8 exhibited rapid ammonia production when peptides were the growth substrate, which indicated that MT8 was a HAP. Both oils inhibited the growth and ammonia production of isolate MT8. However, ZEO decreased ammonia production at lower doses, and to a greater degree, than did SEO. These results indicated that both essential oils could potentially be used to modulate rumen fermentation. The detrimental effects on fibre digestion could be problematic in high-forage diets, and this requires further investigation. Isolate MT8 is the first described HAP from the Mehraban sheep rumen. Results on ammonia production by isolate MT8 and mixed rumen microbes indicate differential mode of action of each oil on this parameter. C1 [Taghavi-Nezhad, M.; Alipour, D.; Zamani, P.] Bu Ali Sina Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Agr, Hamadan, Iran. [Flythe, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Khodakaramian, G.] Bu Ali Sina Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, Hamadan, Iran. RP Alipour, D (reprint author), Bu Ali Sina Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Agr, Hamadan, Iran. EM Alipourd@basu.ac.ir RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010 OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0939 EI 1836-5787 J9 ANIM PROD SCI JI Anim. Prod. Sci. PY 2014 VL 54 IS 3 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1071/AN12244 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA AJ8OT UT WOS:000337966300010 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Brown, B Purcell, MF Center, TD AF Pratt, Paul D. Rayamajhi, Min B. Brown, Bradley Purcell, Matthew F. Center, Ted D. TI Within-plant distribution of the Melaleuca quinquenervia biological control agent Lophodiplosis trifida SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classical biological control; host use patterns; Myrtaceae; Cecidomyiidae ID DIPTERA CECIDOMYIIDAE; HOST-RANGE; MYRTACEAE; FLORIDA; MIDGE AB The gall-producing midge Lophodiplosis trifida Gagn (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is an established biological control agent of the exotic tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake, which invades wetland systems of Florida (USA). Host use patterns within the tree canopy were investigated. Plant height affected within-plant distribution of galls as L. trifida attack rates were greater in lower versus higher portions of the M. quinquenervia canopy. Nonetheless, galls occurred even at treetop levels of 13 m. C1 [Pratt, Paul D.; Rayamajhi, Min B.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Brown, Bradley; Purcell, Matthew F.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, USDA, ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Paul.Pratt@ars.usda.gov RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 FU South Florida Water Management District; Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission FX This research was supported, in part, by grants from the South Florida Water Management District and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1073 EP 1076 DI 10.1080/09583157.2014.907387 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA AJ7WH UT WOS:000337910700008 ER PT J AU Vicca, S Bahn, M Estiarte, M van Loon, EE Vargas, R Alberti, G Ambus, P Arain, MA Beier, C Bentley, LP Borken, W Buchmann, N Collins, SL de Dato, G Dukes, JS Escolar, C Fay, P Guidolotti, G Hanson, PJ Kahmen, A Kroel-Dulay, G Ladreiter-Knauss, T Larsen, KS Lellei-Kovacs, E Lebrija-Trejos, E Maestre, FT Marhan, S Marshall, M Meir, P Miao, Y Muhr, J Niklaus, PA Ogaya, R Penuelas, J Poll, C Rustad, LE Savage, K Schindlbacher, A Schmidt, IK Smith, AR Sotta, ED Suseela, V Tietema, A van Gestel, N van Straaten, O Wan, S Weber, U Janssens, IA AF Vicca, S. Bahn, M. Estiarte, M. van Loon, E. E. Vargas, R. Alberti, G. Ambus, P. Arain, M. A. Beier, C. Bentley, L. P. Borken, W. Buchmann, N. Collins, S. L. de Dato, G. Dukes, J. S. Escolar, C. Fay, P. Guidolotti, G. Hanson, P. J. Kahmen, A. Kroel-Dulay, G. Ladreiter-Knauss, T. Larsen, K. S. Lellei-Kovacs, E. Lebrija-Trejos, E. Maestre, F. T. Marhan, S. Marshall, M. Meir, P. Miao, Y. Muhr, J. Niklaus, P. A. Ogaya, R. Penuelas, J. Poll, C. Rustad, L. E. Savage, K. Schindlbacher, A. Schmidt, I. K. Smith, A. R. Sotta, E. D. Suseela, V. Tietema, A. van Gestel, N. van Straaten, O. Wan, S. Weber, U. Janssens, I. A. TI Can current moisture responses predict soil CO2 efflux under altered precipitation regimes? A synthesis of manipulation experiments SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE FOREST SOIL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SUMMER DROUGHT; HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ROOT RESPIRATION; FLUXES; GRASSLAND; PRODUCTIVITY AB As a key component of the carbon cycle, soil CO2 efflux (SCE) is being increasingly studied to improve our mechanistic understanding of this important carbon flux. Predicting ecosystem responses to climate change often depends on extrapolation of current relationships between ecosystem processes and their climatic drivers to conditions not yet experienced by the ecosystem. This raises the question of to what extent these relationships remain unaltered beyond the current climatic window for which observations are available to constrain the relationships. Here, we evaluate whether current responses of SCE to fluctuations in soil temperature and soil water content can be used to predict SCE under altered rainfall patterns. Of the 58 experiments for which we gathered SCE data, 20 were discarded because either too few data were available or inconsistencies precluded their incorporation in the analyses. The 38 remaining experiments were used to test the hypothesis that a model parameterized with data from the control plots (using soil temperature and water content as predictor variables) could adequately predict SCE measured in the manipulated treatment. Only for 7 of these 38 experiments was this hypothesis rejected. Importantly, these were the experiments with the most reliable data sets, i.e., those providing high-frequency measurements of SCE. Regression tree analysis demonstrated that our hypothesis could be rejected only for experiments with measurement intervals of less than 11 days, and was not rejected for any of the 24 experiments with larger measurement intervals. This highlights the importance of high-frequency measurements when studying effects of altered precipitation on SCE, probably because infrequent measurement schemes have insufficient capacity to detect shifts in the climate dependencies of SCE. Hence, the most justified answer to the question of whether current moisture responses of SCE can be extrapolated to predict SCE under altered precipitation regimes is 'no' - as based on the most reliable data sets available. We strongly recommend that future experiments focus more strongly on establishing response functions across a broader range of precipitation regimes and soil moisture conditions. Such experiments should make accurate measurements of water availability, should conduct high-frequency SCE measurements, and should consider both instantaneous responses and the potential legacy effects of climate extremes. This is important, because with the novel approach presented here, we demonstrated that, at least for some ecosystems, current moisture responses could not be extrapolated to predict SCE under altered rainfall conditions. C1 [Vicca, S.; Janssens, I. A.] Univ Antwerp, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Bahn, M.; Ladreiter-Knauss, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Estiarte, M.; Ogaya, R.; Penuelas, J.] CREAF CEAB UAB, Global Ecol Unit, CSIC, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08913, Catalonia, Spain. [Estiarte, M.; Ogaya, R.; Penuelas, J.] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. [van Loon, E. E.; Tietema, A.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vargas, R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Alberti, G.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Alberti, G.] European Forest Inst, MOUNTFOR Project Ctr, San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Ambus, P.; Beier, C.; Larsen, K. S.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Arain, M. A.] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Arain, M. A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Beier, C.] NIVA Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Bentley, L. P.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Borken, W.] Univ Bayreuth, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany. [Buchmann, N.] ETH, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Collins, S. L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [de Dato, G.; Guidolotti, G.] Univ Tuscia, Dept Innovat Biol Agrofood & Forest Syst, Viterbo, Italy. [Dukes, J. S.; Suseela, V.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, J. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Dukes, J. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Escolar, C.; Maestre, F. T.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol & Geol, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Mostoles 28933, Spain. [Fay, P.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Hanson, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kahmen, A.] ETH, Inst Agr Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kroel-Dulay, G.; Lellei-Kovacs, E.; Lebrija-Trejos, E.] MTA Ctr Ecol Res, H-2163 Vacratot, Hungary. [Lebrija-Trejos, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Ecol Plants, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Marhan, S.; Poll, C.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Soil Sci & Land Evaluat, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Marshall, M.; Smith, A. R.] Environm Ctr Wales, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Meir, P.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Meir, P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Miao, Y.; Wan, S.] Henan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Cotton Biol, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, Peoples R China. [Muhr, J.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Proc, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Niklaus, P. A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Savage, K.] USFS Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schindlbacher, A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Schmidt, I. K.] Nat Hazards & Landscape BFW, Fed Res & Training Ctr Forests, Dept Forest Ecol, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. [Smith, A. R.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sotta, E. D.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Suseela, V.] Embrapa Amapa, BR-68906970 Macapa, AP, Brazil. [van Gestel, N.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [van Straaten, O.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Weber, U.] Univ Gottingen, Buesgen Inst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Integrat BGI, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Vicca, S (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, Dept Biol, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM sara.vicca@uantwerpen.be RI Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Estiarte, Marc/G-2001-2016; Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Vicca, Sara/I-3637-2012; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Meir, Patrick/J-8344-2012; Niklaus, Pascal/G-5786-2010; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Bahn, Michael/I-3536-2013; Wan, Shiqiang/B-5799-2009; Marshall, Miles/G-5410-2011; Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Smith, Andy/A-7512-2011; Larsen, Klaus/C-7549-2015; Schmidt, Inger /A-6230-2015; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; de Dato, Giovanbattista/F-9693-2014; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016; Ambus, Per/B-2514-2015; OI Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Estiarte, Marc/0000-0003-1176-8480; Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Vicca, Sara/0000-0001-9812-5837; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Niklaus, Pascal/0000-0002-2360-1357; Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Poll, Christian/0000-0002-9674-4447; Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776; Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Smith, Andy/0000-0001-8580-278X; Larsen, Klaus/0000-0002-1421-6182; Schmidt, Inger /0000-0003-3880-2060; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; de Dato, Giovanbattista/0000-0003-0289-1727; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179; Ambus, Per/0000-0001-7580-524X; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Alberti, Giorgio/0000-0003-2422-3009 FU European Community [FP7-ENV-2008-1-226701]; ESF network CLIMMANI; EU [INCREASE FP7-INFRASTRUCTURE-2008-1, 227628]; studies at Stubai from Carbo-Extreme; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project [P22214-B17]; ERA-Net Circle Mountain project CAMELEON; EU project Carbo-Extreme [226701]; BIOLOG project (BMBF); NCCR Climate; U.S. NSF; US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER), through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research; NSF LTER; DoE NICCR; NSF; USDA; Konza LTER program; European Research Council under the European Community [242658]; British Ecological Society [231/1975]; NERC [NE/J011002/1]; ARC [FT110100457]; USGS Global Climate Change Small Watershed Project grant; National Park Service grant; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Greater Research Opportunities (GRO) graduate program; EU FW5 VULCAN project; Hungarian Government [NKFP-3B/0008/2002]; Spanish government [CGL2010-17172]; Spanish government grant Consolider Ingenio MONTES [CSD2008-00040]; Catalan government [SGR2009-458]; Villum Foundation FX This work emerged from the Carbo-Extreme project, funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement (FP7-ENV-2008-1-226701). We also acknowledge support of the ESF network CLIMMANI and of the EU-funded INCREASE FP7-INFRASTRUCTURE-2008-1 (grant agreement no. 227628) project for data exchange. S. Vicca is a postdoctoral research associate of the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders. M. Bahn and T. Ladreiter-Knauss acknowledge funding of the studies at Stubai from Carbo-Extreme, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project P22214-B17 and the ERA-Net Circle Mountain project CAMELEON. N. Buchmann acknowledges funding from the EU project Carbo-Extreme (grant agreement no. 226701) as well as from the BIOLOG project (BMBF) and NCCR Climate. J. S. Dukes acknowledges support for the Boston-Area Climate Experiment from the U.S. NSF and by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER), through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. Research at Sevilleta was supported by NSF LTER and DoE NICCR. P. Fay acknowledges funding from NSF, USDA and the Konza LTER program. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. F. T. Maestre and C. Escolar were supported by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013/ERC grant agreement 242658) and by the British Ecological Society (studentship 231/1975), respectively. P. Meir was supported by NERC NE/J011002/1 and ARC FT110100457. Financial support for the Big Bend project came from a USGS Global Climate Change Small Watershed Project grant to John Zak and a National Park Service grant to John Zak and David Tissue. L. P. Bentley was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Greater Research Opportunities (GRO) graduate program. E. Lellei-Kovacs acknowledges support provided through the research grant of the EU FW5 VULCAN project and the NKFP-3B/0008/2002 grant from the Hungarian Government. The research of M. Estiarte and J. Penuelas was supported by the Spanish government grants CGL2010-17172 and Consolider Ingenio MONTES (CSD2008-00040), and by the Catalan government grant SGR2009-458. The Brandbjerg experiment (Climaite) was funded by the Villum Foundation. I thank Lola and Mauro for making my life more colorful. Lastly, we wish to thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their positive assessment of our work and the insightful suggestions that improved this paper. NR 85 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 10 U2 124 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 11 BP 2991 EP 3013 DI 10.5194/bg-11-2991-2014 PG 23 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AJ8JZ UT WOS:000337950900007 ER PT J AU Norman, KN Harvey, RB Andrews, K Hume, ME Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Norman, Keri N. Harvey, Roger B. Andrews, Kathleen Hume, Michael E. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Survey of Clostridium difficile in retail seafood in College Station, Texas SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Clostridium difficile; finfish; retail grocers; shellfish; toxinotype ID MEAT; EPIDEMIC AB The incidence and severity of disease associated with toxigenic Clostridium difficile have increased in hospitals in North America with the emergence of newer, more virulent strains. Toxigenic C. difficile has been isolated from food animals and retail meat with potential implications of transfer to humans. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of C. difficile in retail seafood from grocery stores in College Station, Texas. C. difficile was found in 4.5% (3/67) of shellfish and finfish samples. The positive samples included one each from fresh mussel, frozen salmon and frozen shrimp. The mussel and salmon isolates were characterized as toxinotype V and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type-NAP7. The shrimp isolate was identified as toxinotype XII, but had an unknown PFGE type. Susceptibilities to 11 antimicrobial agents were identical for the mussel and salmon isolates and were sensitive to eight of 11 antimicrobials (including ampicillin) and intermediate to clindamycin. However, the shrimp isolate was resistant to clindamycin and ampicillin. This study demonstrates that seafood, like other food commodities, can be contaminated by C. difficile. C1 [Norman, Keri N.] Texas A&M Int Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Laredo, TX USA. [Harvey, Roger B.; Andrews, Kathleen; Hume, Michael E.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Roger.Harvey@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 EI 1944-0057 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1127 EP 1129 DI 10.1080/19440049.2014.888785 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA AJ9IT UT WOS:000338023300016 PM 24524301 ER PT J AU Espinoza, O Dockry, MJ AF Espinoza, Omar Dockry, Michael J. TI Forest Certification in Bolivia: A Status Report and Analysis of Stakeholder Perspectives SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; NORTH-AMERICAN; MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; PRODUCTS; CHAIN; LAND AB Forest certification systems are voluntary, market-based initiatives to promote the sustainable use of forests. The assumption is that consumers prefer sustainably sourced wood products. One of the major drivers for the creation of forest certification was to prevent deforestation in tropical forests. However, after 20 years of certification, only 10 percent of the global forest area is certified, mostly in temperate regions. Only 2 percent of tropical forests have been certified, and deforestation proceeds at alarming rates in those same areas. Africa and Latin America are the only regions with a net loss of forest area in the 2000 to 2010 decade. In this article, the status of forest certification is analyzed, and challenges and opportunities are evaluated using the case of Bolivia. After an initial period of successful implementation of certification, the area of Bolivian forest under certification has fallen sharply, and deforestation has actually increased in the 2000 to 2010 period, compared with the previous decade. This research uses qualitative research methods to uncover the reasons for the rapid initial growth of certification in Bolivia, its subsequent decline, and prospects for the future of certification in this South American country from the perspectives of people living and working in Bolivia's forestry sector. Participants concurred that a strong regulatory framework and international support were key factors to the initial success of certification in Bolivia. Benefits from certification commonly cited were improvement in the standard of living of timber-reliant communities, better markets for certified products, and an improvement in the image of the forest products industry. C1 [Espinoza, Omar] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, Strateg Foresight & Rapid Response Grp, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Espinoza, O (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM espinoza@umn.edu; mdockry@fs.fed.us FU University of Minnesota's Global Spotlights Grant Program FX This research was supported by University of Minnesota's Global Spotlights Grant Program. The authors would like to thank all of the interview participants for sharing their knowledge, expertise, experiences, and time. Special thanks go to Edwin Magarinos and Orlando Melgarejo for their help during the data collection phase of this research. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA AJ8XY UT WOS:000337992600001 ER PT J AU Cheong, EJ Jeon, AR Kang, JW Mock, R Kinard, G Li, R AF Cheong, E. J. Jeon, A. R. Kang, J. W. Mock, R. Kinard, G. Li, R. TI In vitro elimination of Black raspberry necrosis virus from black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) - Short communication SO HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRNV; Rubus occidentalis; axillary bud culture; thermotherapy ID SHOOT TIPS; THERMOTHERAPY; IDENTIFICATION; PLANTS; PCR AB Black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of Rubus spp. In this study, a procedure combining in vitro culture and heat therapy on axillary buds of Rubus occidentalis was developed to eliminate BRNV from infected plants. Axillary buds were grown aseptically at 4-h alternating periods of 29 degrees C and 38 degrees C with 14-h day length for 1-5 weeks. Shoots induced after therm therapy were tested for the viruses by RT-PCR. BRNV was not detected in any shoots indicating that BRNV was heat labile. BRNV-free shoots were rooted in vitro and acclimatized in greenhouse. Regenerated plants remained virus-free after 2-month acclimatization, 3-month dormancy and 5-month growth periods. C1 [Cheong, E. J.; Jeon, A. R.; Kang, J. W.; Mock, R.; Kinard, G.; Li, R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, 10300 Baltimore Av, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ruhui.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PI PRAGUE PA TESNOV 17, PRAGUE, 117 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-867X J9 HORTIC SCI JI Hortic. Sci. PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AK0IO UT WOS:000338096300007 ER PT J AU Cammalleri, C Anderson, MC Kustas, AP AF Cammalleri, C. Anderson, M. C. Kustas, Andw. P. TI Upscaling of evapotranspiration fluxes from instantaneous to daytime scales for thermal remote sensing applications SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRACTION DIURNAL BEHAVIOR; OF-DAY MEASUREMENTS; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; EVAPORATIVE FRACTION; ENERGY-BALANCE; SELF-PRESERVATION; SURFACE FLUXES; TIME; MODEL; CALIBRATION AB Four upscaling methods for estimating daytime actual evapotranspiration (ET) from single time-of-day snapshots, as commonly retrieved using remote sensing, were compared. These methods assume self-preservation of the ratio between ET and a given reference variable over the daytime hours. The analysis was performed using eddy covariance data collected at 12 AmeriFlux towers, sampling a fairly wide range in climatic and land cover conditions. The choice of energy budget closure method significantly impacted performance using different scaling methodologies. Therefore, a statistical evaluation approach was adopted to better account for the inherent uncertainty in ET fluxes using eddy covariance technique. Overall, this approach suggested that at-surface solar radiation was the most robust reference variable amongst those tested, due to high accuracy of upscaled fluxes and absence of systematic biases. Top-of-atmosphere irradiance was also tested and proved to be reliable under near clear-sky conditions, but tended to overestimate the observed daytime ET during cloudy days. Use of reference ET as a scaling flux yielded higher bias than the solar radiation method, although resulting errors showed similar lack of seasonal dependence. Finally, the commonly used evaporative fraction method yielded satisfactory results only in summer months, July and August, and tended to underestimate the observations in the fall/winter seasons from November to January at the flux sites studied. In general, the proposed methodology clearly showed the added value of an intercomparison of different upscaling methods under scenarios that account for the uncertainty in eddy covariance flux measurements due to closure errors. C1 [Cammalleri, C.; Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, Andw. P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cammalleri, C (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM cammillino@gmail.com RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1885 EP 1894 DI 10.5194/hess-18-1885-2014 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AJ8JJ UT WOS:000337949000023 ER PT J AU Lucas, R Rebelo, LM Fatoyinbo, L Rosenqvist, A Itoh, T Shimada, M Simard, M Souza, PW Thomas, N Trettin, C Accad, A Carreiras, J Hilarides, L AF Lucas, Richard Rebelo, Lisa-Maria Fatoyinbo, Lola Rosenqvist, Ake Itoh, Takuya Shimada, Masanobu Simard, Marc Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir Thomas, Nathan Trettin, Carl Accad, Arnon Carreiras, Joao Hilarides, Lammert TI Contribution of L-band SAR to systematic global mangrove monitoring SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climate change; forest dynamics; international conventions; remote sensing ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; IKONOS IMAGERY; ELEVATION DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; BIOMASS; FORESTS; CARBON; RADAR; CLASSIFICATION AB Information on the status of and changes in mangroves is required for national and international policy development, implementation and evaluation. To support these requirements, a component of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Kyoto and Carbon (K&C) initiative has been to design and develop capability for a Global Mangrove Watch (GMW) that routinely monitors and reports on local to global changes in the extent of mangroves, primarily on the basis of observations by Japanese L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The GMW aims are as follows: (1) to map progression of change within or from existing (e.g. Landsat-derived) global baselines of the extent of mangroves by comparing advanced land-observing satellite 2 (ALOS-2) phased array L-band SAR 2 (PALSAR-2) data from 2014 with that acquired by the Japanese earth resources satellite (JERS-1) SAR(1992-1998) and ALOSPALSAR (2006-2011); (2) to quantify changes in the structure and associated losses and gains of carbon on the basis of canopy height and aboveground biomass (AGB) estimated from the shuttle radar topographic mission (SRTM; acquired 2000), the ice, cloud and land-elevation satellite (ICESAT) geoscience laser altimeter system (GLAS; 2003-2010) and L-band backscatter data; (3) to determine likely losses and gains of tree species diversity through reference to International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) global thematic layers on the distribution of mangrove species; and (4) to validate maps of changes in the extent of mangroves, primarily through comparison with dense time-series of Landsat sensor data and to use these same data to describe the causes and consequences of change. The paper outlines and justifies the techniques being implemented and the role that the GMW might play in supporting national and international policies that relate specifically to the long-term conservation of mangrove ecosystems and the services they provide to society. C1 [Lucas, Richard; Thomas, Nathan] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. [Rebelo, Lisa-Maria] Int Water Management Inst, Reg Off Southeast Asia & Mekong, Viangchan, Laos. [Fatoyinbo, Lola] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rosenqvist, Ake] Solo Earth Observat SoloEO, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1040054, Japan. [Itoh, Takuya] Remote Sensing Technol Ctr Japan RESTEC, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. [Shimada, Masanobu] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Earth Observat Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Simard, Marc] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 90039 USA. [Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir] Fed Univ Para, Inst Geociencias, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir] Vale Inst Tecnol, BR-66055090 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Trettin, Carl] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Southern Res Stn, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Accad, Arnon] Brisbane Bot Gardens, Queensland Herbarium, Dept Sci Informat Technol Innovat & Arts, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. [Carreiras, Joao] Trop Res Inst, P-1400142 Lisbon, Portugal. [Hilarides, Lammert] Wetlands Int, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Lucas, R (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. EM rml@aber.ac.uk RI Fatoyinbo, Temilola/G-6104-2012; Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir/J-4958-2012; Carreiras, Joao/B-4520-2008; Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013 OI Fatoyinbo, Temilola/0000-0002-1130-6748; Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir/0000-0003-0252-808X; Carreiras, Joao/0000-0003-2737-9420; Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2014 VL 65 IS 7 BP 589 EP 603 DI 10.1071/MF13177 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AJ8SR UT WOS:000337978300003 ER PT J AU O'Connor, DL Runions, A Sluis, A Bragg, J Vogel, JP Prusinkiewicz, P Hake, S AF O'Connor, Devin L. Runions, Adam Sluis, Aaron Bragg, Jennifer Vogel, John P. Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw Hake, Sarah TI A Division in PIN-Mediated Auxin Patterning during Organ Initiation in Grasses SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE CARDAMINE-HIRSUTA; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; CELL POLARITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SELF-ORGANIZATION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; VASCULAR TISSUES; TRANSPORT; PHYLLOTAXIS; MODELS AB The hormone auxin plays a crucial role in plant morphogenesis. In the shoot apical meristem, the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) efflux carrier concentrates auxin into local maxima in the epidermis, which position incipient leaf or floral primordia. From these maxima, PIN1 transports auxin into internal tissues along emergent paths that pattern leaf and stem vasculature. In Arabidopsis thaliana, these functions are attributed to a single PIN1 protein. Using phylogenetic and gene synteny analysis we identified an angiosperm PIN clade sister to PIN1, here termed Sister-of-PIN1 (SoPIN1), which is present in all sampled angiosperms except for Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis. Additionally, we identified a conserved duplication of PIN1 in the grasses: PIN1a and PIN1b. In Brachypodium distachyon, SoPIN1 is highly expressed in the epidermis and is consistently polarized toward regions of high expression of the DR5 auxin-signaling reporter, which suggests that SoPIN1 functions in the localization of new primordia. In contrast, PIN1a and PIN1b are highly expressed in internal tissues, suggesting a role in vascular patterning. PIN1b is expressed in broad regions spanning the space between new primordia and previously formed vasculature, suggesting a role in connecting new organs to auxin sinks in the older tissues. Within these regions, PIN1a forms narrow canals that likely pattern future veins. Using a computer model, we reproduced the observed spatio-temporal expression and localization patterns of these proteins by assuming that SoPIN1 is polarized up the auxin gradient, and PIN1a and PIN1b are polarized to different degrees with the auxin flux. Our results suggest that examination and modeling of PIN dynamics in plants outside of Brassicaceae will offer insights into auxin-driven patterning obscured by the loss of the SoPIN1 clade in Brassicaceae. C1 [O'Connor, Devin L.; Sluis, Aaron; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [O'Connor, Devin L.; Sluis, Aaron; Hake, Sarah] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Runions, Adam; Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw] Univ Calgary, Dept Comp Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Bragg, Jennifer; Vogel, John P.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP O'Connor, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM devin.oconnor@slcu.cam.ac.uk; runionsa@cpsc.ucalgary.ca OI Runions, Adam/0000-0002-7758-7423; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU NSF [DBI-0604923]; ARS-USDA; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64452, DE-SC0001526]; HFSP [RGP0047/2010]; NSERC [130084] FX This work was supported by NSF DBI-0604923 (SH), ARS-USDA (SH and JPV), the U.S. Department of Energy Interagency Agreement nos. DE-AI02-07ER64452 and DE-SC0001526 (JPV), HFSP Research Grant RGP0047/2010 (PP) and NSERC Discovery Grant 130084 (PP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 AR e1003447 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003447 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA AJ8JE UT WOS:000337948500046 PM 24499933 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JB Pogue, MG AF Sullivan, J. Bolling Pogue, Michael G. TI The Disphragis notabilis (Schaus) species-group in Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Taxonomy; genitalic variation ID NOCTUIDAE AB The four described taxa in the Disphragis notabilis (Schaus) species-group are reviewed, including the types and their dissected genitalia. Disphragis hemicera (Schaus), stat. rev., is elevated to species rank, D. normula (Dognin) is retained as a synonym of D. notabilis, D. sobolis Miller is confirmed as distinct from D. hemicera, and D. bifurcata sp. n., is newly described. Both D. hemicera and D. bifurcata occur in Costa Rica. The known ranges of the other species are outlined. Defining characters of each species are presented and a key to species is provided. Unusual variation in the genitalia is noted. C1 [Pogue, Michael G.] USDA ARS, PSI, Smithsonian Inst, NMNH,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sullivan, JB (reprint author), 200 Craven St, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM sullivan14@earthlink.net NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2014 IS 421 SI SI BP 21 EP 38 DI 10.3897/zookeys.421.7351 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AJ8FP UT WOS:000337938400003 PM 25061378 ER PT S AU Li, H Cunha, CW Taus, NS Knowles, DP AF Li, Hong Cunha, Cristina W. Taus, Naomi S. Knowles, Donald P. BE Lewin, HA Roberts, RM TI Malignant Catarrhal Fever: Inching Toward Understanding SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 2 SE Annual Review of Animal Biosciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE gammaherpesvirus; alcelaphine herpesvirus 1; AlHV-1; ovine herpesvirus 2; OvHV-2; viral replication; pathogenesis; vaccine ID OVINE HERPESVIRUS 2; BISON BISON-BISON; DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SHEEP NASAL SECRETIONS; REAL-TIME PCR; BUFFALO BUBALUS-BUBALIS; REPUBLIC-OF-IRELAND; ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an often lethal infection of many species in the order Artiodactyla. It is caused by members of the MCF virus group within Gammaherpesvirinae. MCF is a worldwide problem and has a significant economic impact on highly disease-susceptible hosts, such as cattle, bison, and deer. Several epidemiologic forms of MCF, defined by the reservoir ruminant species from which the causative virus arises, are recognized. Wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF) and sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) are the most prevalent and well-studied forms of the disease. Historical understanding of MCF is largely based on WA-MCF, in which the causative virus can be propagated in vitro. Characterization of SA-MCF has been constrained because the causative agent has never been successfully propagated in vitro. Development of molecular tools has enabled more definitive studies on SA-MCF. The current understanding of MCF, including its etiological agents, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention, is the subject of the present review. C1 [Li, Hong; Taus, Naomi S.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Li, Hong; Cunha, Cristina W.; Taus, Naomi S.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu; cwcunha@vetmed.wsu.edu; tausns@vetmed.wsu.edu; dknowles@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 151 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 16 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 2165-8102 BN 978-0-8243-0002-9 J9 ANNU REV ANIM BIOSCI PY 2014 VL 2 BP 209 EP 233 DI 10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114156 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BA4OC UT WOS:000336052100011 PM 25384141 ER PT S AU White, BL Shi, XL Burk, CM Kulis, M Burks, AW Sanders, TH Davis, JP AF White, Brittany L. Shi, Xiaolei Burk, Caitlin M. Kulis, Michael Burks, A. Wesley Sanders, Timothy H. Davis, Jack P. BE Doyle, MP Klaenhammer, TR TI Strategies to Mitigate Peanut Allergy: Production, Processing, Utilization, and Immunotherapy Considerations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 5 SE Annual Review of Food Science and Technology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE peanut protein; food allergy; roasting; labeling; genetic engineering; enzymatic hydrolysis ID ARA H 2; PLANT FOOD ALLERGENS; ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY; DOUBLE-BLIND; MURINE MODEL; IN-VITRO; EPICUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY; IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIONS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PROTEIN ALLERGENS AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop grown worldwide for food and edible oil. The surge of peanut allergy in the past 25 years has profoundly impacted both affected individuals and the peanut and related food industries. In response, several strategies to mitigate peanut allergy have emerged to reduce/eliminate the allergenicity of peanuts or to better treat peanut-allergic individuals. In this review, we give an overview of peanut allergy, with a focus on peanut proteins, including the impact of thermal processing on peanut protein structure and detection in food matrices. We discuss several strategies currently being investigated to mitigate peanut allergy, including genetic engineering, novel processing strategies, and immunotherapy in terms of mechanisms, recent research, and limitations. All strategies are discussed with considerations for both peanut-allergic individuals and the numerous industries/government agencies involved throughout peanut production and utilization. C1 [White, Brittany L.; Sanders, Timothy H.; Davis, Jack P.] N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Shi, Xiaolei; Davis, Jack P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burk, Caitlin M.; Kulis, Michael; Burks, A. Wesley] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM brittany.white@ars.usda.gov; xshi5@ncsu.edu; caitlin_burk@med.unc.edu; mkulis@email.unc.edu; wburks@email.unc.edu; tim.sanders@ars.usda.gov; jack.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 122 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 33 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1413 BN 978-0-8243-4905-9 J9 ANNU REV FOOD SCI T JI Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 5 BP 155 EP 176 DI 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092443 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BA4YA UT WOS:000336429000008 PM 24387606 ER PT J AU Dagel, KJ Osborne, SL Schumacher, TE AF Dagel, Kurt J. Osborne, Shannon L. Schumacher, Tom E. TI Improving Soybean Performance in the Northern Great Plains through the Use of Cover Crops SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Conventional tillage; cover crops; soybean ID NITROGEN APPLICATION; SOIL; FIXATION; QUALITY; YIELD; INOCULATION AB Cover crops are capable of providing multiple benefits for improving soil quality and enhancing annual crop growth. Maintaining continuous plant cover on agricultural fields with cover crop is of great interest to improve nutrient cycling, prevent soil degradation, and promote further adoption of no-till farming systems. A field study was conducted in eastern South Dakota, USA, in 2007, 2008, and 2009 to evaluate four cover crop combinations [(1) no cover; (2) buckwheat (BUCK) (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) + slender wheatgrass (Agropyron caninum L.) (SLD WHT); (3) oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (RAD) + SLD WHT; and (4) purple top turnips (Brassica rapa L.) (TURN + SLD WHT)] sown after oat (Avena sativa L.) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] performance. The impacts of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were evaluated at two different planting populations. Soybean plant biomass, seed harvest index, yield, total nitrogen (N), oil concentration, and test weight were measured. Cover crops preceding soybean did not negatively impact most measured plant parameters. Seed yield was increased by the RAD + SLD WHT and TURN + SLD WHT in 2008, whereas in 2007 and 2009 no yield increase or slight yield decrease was shown by the cover crops. Soil tillage practice and planting population had a strong influence on seed yield and seed quality in all three study years. C1 [Dagel, Kurt J.; Osborne, Shannon L.] ARS, USDA, North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Schumacher, Tom E.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agron, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Osborne, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, North Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM shannon.osborne@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2014 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1369 EP 1384 DI 10.1080/00103624.2014.884108 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA AJ3KP UT WOS:000337565500007 ER PT J AU Ippolito, J Spackman, R Entry, J Sojka, R AF Ippolito, James Spackman, Ross Entry, James Sojka, Robert TI Removal of Vegetative Clippings Reduces Dissolved Phosphorus Loss in Runoff SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; grass; phosphorus; rainfall simulator; vegetative filter strip ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; IRRIGATION RUNOFF; GRASSED WATERWAYS; PASTURE; SOIL; MANURE; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; RAINFALL; QUALITY AB Rainfall simulation was used to study the vegetative filter strip (VFS) conditions under which losses of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) leaching occur. Boxes containing silt loam soil were planted with ryegrass and cut at two different intervals prior to simulated rainfall 14 days apart. Grass clippings were either removed or retained. During the second simulated rainfall, runoff TDP and DRP were greater for treatments cut the day before irrigation with clippings retained as compared to treatments cut the same day as irrigation with clippings retained. Removing clippings yielded the lowest mean TDP and DRP concentrations. Increasing the senesced vegetative surface area for contact with water, and the amount of time for leaching to occur, resulted in the greatest DRP loss. The VFS management implications should consider clipping removal or no or reduced mowing during the growing season followed by end-of-season removal to reduce DRP leaching losses. C1 [Ippolito, James; Sojka, Robert] ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Spackman, Ross] Coll Southern Idaho, Twin Falls, ID USA. [Entry, James] Nutrigrown LLC, Columbia, MD USA. RP Ippolito, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov FU Nortwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX We acknowledge funding support from the Nortwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2014 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1555 EP 1564 DI 10.1080/00103624.2013.875202 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA AJ3UP UT WOS:000337593500011 ER PT J AU Maldonado, A Youssef, R McDonald, M Brewer, E Beard, H Matthews, B AF Maldonado, Andrea Youssef, Reham McDonald, Margaret Brewer, Eric Beard, Hunter Matthews, Benjamin TI Modification of the expression of two NPR1 suppressors, SNC1 and SNI1, in soybean confers partial resistance to the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene silencing; Glycine max; osmotin; overexpression; plant defence; transgenic ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SALICYLIC-ACID INDUCTION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT DEFENSE; ARABIDOPSIS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; OSMOTIN AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an enhanced defence response triggered when plants detect a pathogen. The response is extended to uninfected organs to protect against future attack. NPR1 is a nuclear leucine-rich repeat protein with a key role in SAR. It binds specifically to salicylic acid, and acts as a transcriptional coregulator of SAR activators and an inhibitor of transcriptional repressors. The proteins encoded by Suppressor of NPR1, Constitutive (SNC1) and Suppressor of NPR1, Inducible (SNI1) interact with NPR1 to regulate the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. snc1 mutant exhibits a constitutive resistance response, but in the sni1 mutant, the SNI1 protein is rendered incapable of suppressing pathogen resistance genes. To study the influence of SNC1 and SNI1 on resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) roots were separately transformed with four constructs designed to: (i) overexpress GmSNC1, the soybean orthologue of AtSNC1; (ii) overexpress AtSNI1; (iii) silence GmSNC1 and (iv) silence GmSNI1. A significant reduction of the female nematode population was observed in Treatments (i) and (iv). The expression of SAR marker genes was analysed in these treatments. The unusual pattern of expression of pathogen resistance genes shows there are differences in the effect resistance genes have on soybean and A. thaliana. Although NPR1 is involved in the cross-talk between the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways, understanding the nematode resistance mechanism in plants is still imprecise. These results provide further insights into the soybean defence response. C1 [Maldonado, Andrea; Youssef, Reham; McDonald, Margaret; Brewer, Eric; Beard, Hunter; Matthews, Benjamin] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Youssef, Reham] Fayoum Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, Al Fayyum 63514, Egypt. RP Matthews, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ben.matthews@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board FX The authors thank Eric Brewer for a critical review of the manuscript and Patrick Elia for DNA sequencing. Financial support from the United Soybean Board is gratefully acknowledged. Mention of trade names, proprietary products or vendors does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USA Department of Agriculture or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. The authors have no conflicts of interest. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 EI 1445-4416 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 714 EP 726 DI 10.1071/FP13323 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AJ5MZ UT WOS:000337729300005 ER PT J AU Andrews, PL AF Andrews, Patricia L. TI Current status and future needs of the BehavePlus Fire Modeling System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE crown fire; fire behaviour; fire effects; fire management; fuel; spotting distance; surface fire ID BEHAVIOR FUEL MODELS; CROWN FIRE; LAND MANAGEMENT; SPREAD; MORTALITY; FORESTS; PINE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; SHRUBLANDS AB The BehavePlus Fire Modeling System is among the most widely used systems for wildland fire prediction. It is designed for use in a range of tasks including wildfire behaviour prediction, prescribed fire planning, fire investigation, fuel hazard assessment, fire model understanding, communication and research. BehavePlus is based on mathematical models for fire behaviour, fire effects and fire environment. It is a point system for which conditions are constant for each calculation, but is designed to encourage examination of the effect of a range of conditions through tables and graphs. BehavePlus is successor to BEHAVE, which was developed in 1977 and became available for field application in 1984. It was updated to BehavePlus in 2002. Updates through version 5 have added features and modelling capabilities. It is becoming increasingly difficult to expand the system. A redesign will address the need for consolidation with other systems and make it easier to incorporate new research results. This paper describes the development history and application of BehavePlus. The design, features and modelling foundation of the current system are described. Considerations for the next generation are presented. C1 [Andrews, Patricia L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM plandrews@fs.fed.us NR 116 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1071/WF12167 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AJ5MR UT WOS:000337728100003 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Sharp, RN Davies, KW AF Bates, Jonathan D. Sharp, Robert N. Davies, Kirk W. TI Sagebrush steppe recovery after fire varies by development phase of Juniperus occidentalis woodland SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; Bromus tectorum; Great Basin; mountain big sagebrush; state-and-transition; threshold ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN JUNIPER; PRESCRIBED FIRE; TRANSITION MODELS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; GREAT-BASIN; BROMUS-TECTORUM; RANGE CONDITION; ACACIA-SALIGNA; HABITAT TYPES AB Woodland ecosystems of the world have been changed by land use demands, altered fire regimes, invasive species and climate change. Reduced fire frequency is recognised as a main causative agent for Pinus-Juniperus L. (pinon-juniper) expansion in North American woodlands. Pinon-juniper control measures, including prescribed fire, are increasingly employed to restore sagebrush steppe communities. We compared vegetation recovery following prescribed fire on Phase 2 (mid-succession) and Phase 3 (late-succession) Juniperus occidentalis Hook. (western juniper) woodlands in Oregon. The herbaceous layer on Phase 2 sites was comprised of native perennial and annual vegetation before and after fire. On Phase 3 sites the herbaceous layer shifted from native species to dominance by invasive Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass). After fire, shrubs on Phase 2 sites were comprised of sprouting species and Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. (snowbrush). On Phase 3 woodland sites the shrub layer was dominated by C. velutinus. The results suggest that Phase 2 sites have a greater likelihood of recovery to native vegetation after fire and indicate that sites transitioning from Phase 2 to Phase 3 woodlands cross a recovery threshold where there is a greater potential for invasive weeds, rather than native vegetation, to dominate after fire. C1 [Bates, Jonathan D.; Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Sharp, Robert N.] US Dept Interior, Bur Land Management, Burns Dist Off, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu FU Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station in Burns, Oregon; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station FX Many thanks are given to Fred Otley (Otley Brothers Ranch, Diamond, Oregon) and the Bureau of Land Management (Burns District) for providing logistics or properties for conducting the study. We recognise the many summer range technicians who assisted in the field and laboratory for the study: K. Adams, J. Anderson, C. Archuleta, G. Ash, J. (Crusher) Duchene, E. Ersch, K. Haile, A. Herdrich, J. Hobbs, J. Jackson, R. Kessler, C. Lehman, K. (Spike) Mumm, R. O'Connor, E. O'Connor, J. Jackson, J. Price, K. Price, J. Pyrse, K. Ralston, E. (Edna) Rhodes, B. Smith, J. (Trapper) Svejcar, M. Villagrana, C. Williams and D. Zvirdin. Many thanks to range technicians Georjanna Pokorney and Lori Ziegenhagen who assisted in the initial stages of the study. We thank Jay Kerby, Dr Rick Miller and Dr Jeanne Chambers, and anonymous reviewers for their comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. The research was financially supported by the Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station in Burns, Oregon. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station. USDA and Oregon State University are equal opportunity providers and employers. NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 26 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1071/WF12206 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AJ5MR UT WOS:000337728100011 ER PT J AU Nelson, ZJ Weisberg, PJ Kitchen, SG AF Nelson, Zachary J. Weisberg, Peter J. Kitchen, Stanley G. TI Influence of climate and environment on post-fire recovery of mountain big sagebrush SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata ssp vaseyana; Colorado Plateau; fire effects; Great Basin; precipitation variability; succession ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA ASTERACEAE; GERMINATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; PLANT; RESTORATION; GROWTH; FIRE; TEMPERATURE AB In arid and semi-arid landscapes around the world, wildfire plays a key role in maintaining species diversity. Dominant plant associations may depend upon particular fire regime characteristics for their persistence. Mountain shrub communities in high-elevation landscapes of the Intermountain West, USA, are strongly influenced by the post-fire recovery dynamics of the obligate-seeding shrub, mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana [Rydb.] Beetle). This species is a short-distance disperser with a short-lived seedbank, leading to highly variable post-fire recovery times (15-100 years). We investigated the relative importance of site productivity and seasonal climate in explaining the variance in recovery time for 36 fires, comprising a fire chrono-sequence (from 1971 to 2007) for the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. A. t. vaseyana recovery was positively related to precipitation in the cool season immediately following fire, likely because deep soil-water recharge that persists throughout the growing season enhances first-year seedling survival. Percentage sand fraction positively correlated with recovery rate yet negatively correlated with live cover in unburnt stands. Our data support the hypothesis that post-fire recovery rate of A. t. vaseyana depends on the climatically controlled ephemerality of the regeneration niche, as is likely true for many arid-land shrub species. C1 [Nelson, Zachary J.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Weisberg, Peter J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kitchen, Stanley G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Nelson, ZJ (reprint author), Inyo Cty Water Dept, 135 S Jackson St, Independence, CA 93526 USA. EM z.j.nelson2010@gmail.com OI nelson, zachary/0000-0003-1252-5480 FU Joint Fire Science Program [06-3-1-17]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814372] FX We thank Ben Bright, Brian Reeves, Trent Young, Miles Nielson, Todd Granberry and Stephanie Carlson for their dedication to field work, sample processing and data management. Special thanks to Sherel Goodrich, Linda Chappell, Covy Jones and Steve Strong for assistance in site selection and developing site protocols, and to Tod Williams and Dave Stobart for assistance in obtaining permits to conduct the research inside State and National Park boundaries. This study was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program, grant number 06-3-1-17, and is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number EPS-0814372. For helpful comments on various versions of this article, we express great thanks to Jeanne Chambers, William Longland and two anonymous reviewers. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 21 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1071/WF13012 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AJ5MR UT WOS:000337728100012 ER PT J AU Fischer, AP Kline, JD Ager, AA Charnley, S Olsen, KA AF Fischer, A. Paige Kline, Jeffrey D. Ager, Alan A. Charnley, Susan Olsen, Keith A. TI Objective and perceived wildfire risk and its influence on private forest landowners' fuel reduction activities in Oregon's (USA) ponderosa pine ecoregion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fuel treatments; landscape models; non-industrial private forest landowners; wildfire risk; wildland-urban interface ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION; DEFENSIBLE SPACE; HOMEOWNERS; MITIGATION; LANDSCAPE; FLORIDA; FIRE AB Policymakers seek ways to encourage fuel reduction among private forest landowners to augment similar efforts on federal and state lands. Motivating landowners to contribute to landscape-level wildfire protection requires an understanding of factors that underlie landowner behaviour regarding wildfire. We developed a conceptual framework describing landowners' propensity to conduct fuel reduction as a function of objective and subjective factors relating to wildfire risk. We tested our conceptual framework using probit analysis of empirical data from a survey of non-industrial private forest landowners in the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) region of eastern Oregon (USA). Our empirical results confirm the conceptual framework and suggest that landowners' perceptions of wildfire risk and propensity to conduct fuel treatments are correlated with hazardous fuel conditions on or near their parcels, whether they have housing or timber assets at risk, and their past experience with wildfire, financial capacity for conducting treatments and membership in forestry and fire protection organisations. Our results suggest that policies that increase awareness of hazardous fuel conditions on their property and potential for losses in residential and timber assets, and that enhance social networks through which awareness and risk perception are formed, could help to encourage fuel reduction among private forest landowners. C1 [Fischer, A. Paige] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kline, Jeffrey D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ager, Alan A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Olsen, Keith A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Fischer, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM paigefischer@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, National Fire Plan; National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program (NSF) [CNH-1013296] FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service, National Fire Plan and the National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program (NSF Grant CNH-1013296). We acknowledge Jean Daniels at the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station in Portland, OR, and the Forest Industry Research Program at the University of Montana's Bureau of Business and Economic Research in Missoula, MT, for providing the geospatial data layer of wood processing mills. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1071/WF12164 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AJ5MR UT WOS:000337728100013 ER PT J AU Watson, AM Barrows, FT Place, AR AF Watson, Aaron M. Barrows, Frederic T. Place, Allen R. TI Effects of Graded Taurine Levels on Juvenile Cobia SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS; CYSTEAMINE PREVENTS INHIBITION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BILE-ACID COMPOSITION; PLANT PROTEIN DIETS; RAT-BRAIN CORTEX; CYSTEINE DIOXYGENASE; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; BIOSYNTHETIC-ENZYMES AB Taurine, which has multiple important physiological roles in teleost fish and mammals, is an amino acid not found in alternative protein sources not derived from animals. Although taurine is found in fish-meal-based feeds, its high water solubility leads to lower taurine levels in reduction-process-based feeds, which marine carnivores such as Cobia Rachycentron canadum are adapted to in their natural diets. Graded taurine supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0%) added to a traditional fish-meal-based formulation was examined in two growth trials with Cobia: one initiated with 10-g individuals and the second initiated with 120-g individuals. During the first trial, in which growth as weight gain ranged from 123 to 139 g per fish, there was an increase in dietary taurine and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio from 1.04 to 0.99. During the second trial, in which growth ranged from 227 to 313 g gained per fish, there was no significant difference in performance characteristics between dietary treatments. Messenger RNA transcript expression levels for two of the genes involved in taurine synthesis, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO), as well as the membrane-bound taurine transporter, TauT, were also measured at the conclusion of the second trial. Increasing dietary taurine in a diet containing 34.5% fish meal did not result in significantly different growth or production characteristics in Cobia, but did result in significantly increased taurine levels in fillet, liver, and plasma. C1 [Watson, Aaron M.; Place, Allen R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Watson, AM (reprint author), Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, POB 12559, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. EM watsona@dnr.sc.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 3 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.899531 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AJ4TK UT WOS:000337669000003 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Robinson, EH Bosworth, BG Torrans, EL AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Bosworth, Brian G. Torrans, Eugene L. TI Growth and Feed Conversion Ratio of Pond-Raised Hybrid Catfish Harvested at Different Sizes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; BLUE CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; F-1 HYBRIDS; YIELD; TRAITS; DENSITIES; MARKET; COSTS AB A study was conducted to examine growth and feed conversion ratios (FCRs) of pond-raised hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus x Blue Catfish I. furcatus) harvested at different sizes. Fingerling hybrid catfish (initial weight per fish, mean +/- SD = 62 +/- 2.0 g) were stocked into 25 earthen ponds (0.04 ha each) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed daily to apparent satiation with a commercial 28% protein feed. When fish reached a predetermined weight (0.454, 0.680, 0.907, 1.361, or 1.814 kg/fish), they were harvested. Fish grown to 0.46 kg and 0.70 kg during the first season had FCRs of 1.61 and 1.59, respectively. Fish carried over for a second season of growth were harvested at mean weights of 0.85, 1.43, and 2.01 kg/fish, respectively. The FCRs of these fish, 1.97, 2.10, and 1.93, respectively, were significantly higher than those of fish harvested in first season. These results suggest it is generally more cost effective to harvest food-size hybrid catfish after one season because of their increased FCR the following year. However, if fish are raised to be marketed for large fillets, hybrid catfish appear to be a good choice because they continue to grow and utilize feed relatively well in a second season. C1 [Li, Menghe H.; Robinson, Edwin H.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bosworth, Brian G.; Torrans, Eugene L.] ARS, USDA, Warmwater Aquaculture Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu FU MAFES [MIS-371590] FX We thank Charles Manning and crew at the Delta Western Research Center for daily management of the experiment. This manuscript is approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-12467 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. This project is supported under MAFES Project Number MIS-371590. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 3 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.911225 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AJ4TK UT WOS:000337669000011 ER PT J AU Park, KE Telugu, BPVL AF Park, Ki-Eun Telugu, Bhanu Prakash V. L. TI Role of stem cells in large animal genetic engineering in the TALENs-CRISPR era SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Embryo-Transfer-Society (IETS) CY JAN 11-14, 2014 CL Reno, NV SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE embryonic stem cells; induced pluripotent stem cells; zinc finger nucleases ID ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; DNA-BINDING SPECIFICITY; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; GERM-LINE; HUMAN GENOME; MEDIATED TRANSGENESIS; EFFECTOR NUCLEASES; RETROVIRAL VECTOR; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB The establishment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and gene targeting technologies in mice has revolutionised the field of genetics. The relative ease with which genes can be knocked out, and exogenous sequences introduced, has allowed the mouse to become the prime model for deciphering the genetic code. Not surprisingly, the lack of authentic ESCs has hampered the livestock genetics field and has forced animal scientists into adapting alternative technologies for genetic engineering. The recent discovery of the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by upregulation of a handful of reprogramming genes has offered renewed enthusiasm to animal geneticists. However, much like ESCs, establishing authentic iPSCs from the domestic animals is still beset with problems, including (but not limited to) the persistent expression of reprogramming genes and the lack of proven potential for differentiation into target cell types both in vitro and in vivo. Site-specific nucleases comprised of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulated interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) emerged as powerful genetic tools for precisely editing the genome, usurping the need for ESC-based genetic modifications even in the mouse. In this article, in the aftermath of these powerful genome editing technologies, the role of pluripotent stem cells in livestock genetics is discussed. C1 [Park, Ki-Eun; Telugu, Bhanu Prakash V. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Park, Ki-Eun; Telugu, Bhanu Prakash V. L.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Telugu, BPVL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 2121 ANSC Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM btelugu@umd.edu NR 125 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 EI 1448-5990 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1071/RD13258 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA AJ5NP UT WOS:000337731200007 PM 24305178 ER PT J AU Caesar-TonThat, TC Stevens, WB Sainju, UM Caesar, AJ West, M Gaskin, JF AF The Can Caesar-TonThat Stevens, William B. Sainju, Upendra M. Caesar, Anthony J. West, Mark Gaskin, John F. TI Soil-Aggregating Bacterial Community as Affected by Irrigation, Tillage, and Cropping System in the Northern Great Plains SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation; dryland; tillage; soil aggregation; soil bacterial community ID ORGANIC-MATTER; STENOTROPHOMONAS-MALTOPHILIA; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRASSLAND SOILS; NITROGEN POOLS; NO-TILLAGE; CARBON; MICROORGANISMS; PROFILES AB Little is known about the microbial community structure associated with soil aggregation in microaggregates (0.25-0.05 mm) that are held within macroaggregates (>0.25 mm). We investigated the effects of irrigation, tillage, and cropping system on aggregate distribution and the community structure of the predominant culturable bacteria in microaggregates held within macroaggregates from 2005 to 2008 at a site in western North Dakota. Managements were malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under no-till and conventional till and an established no-tilled Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plantation on Lihen loam (sandy, mixed, frigid, Entic Haplustolls) under irrigated and dryland systems. We predicted that microaggregates held within macroaggregates of irrigated no-till barley and CRP management have a higher proportion of the predominant culturable bacterial species that have the capability to aggregate soil than in irrigated and nonirrigated conventional till barley managements. Fatty acid profiling and DNA sequencing were used to identify bacterial isolates and a soil sedimentation assay to determine their soil-aggregating ability. The proportion of soil aggregating Gram-negative bacteria, dominated by pseudomonads and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, was higher under irrigated no-till barley and CRP compared with the other managements. Species abundance and diversity of the soil-aggregating bacterial isolates were the highest in irrigated no-till barley and CRP and the lowest in irrigated conventional till barley. We demonstrated that, under irrigated management with high residue input, microaggregates held within macroaggregates represent a distinct environment that selects for specific soil-binding microbial communities that may contribute to soil structural stability at the 0- to 5-cm depth. C1 [The Can Caesar-TonThat; Stevens, William B.; Sainju, Upendra M.; Caesar, Anthony J.; West, Mark; Gaskin, John F.] USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar-TonThat, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 North Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM thecan.caesar@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 179 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1097/SS.0000000000000036 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AJ4ZJ UT WOS:000337689000003 ER PT J AU Codling, EE AF Codling, Eton E. TI Long-Term Effects of Biosolid-Amended Soils on Phosphorus, Copper, Manganese, and Zinc Uptake by Wheat SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biosolids; phosphorus; metals ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; SWISS-CHARD; CADMIUM; ACCUMULATION; RUNOFF; MANURE; PHYTOAVAILABILITY; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Biosolids have long been applied to agricultural land as fertilizer, and concerns exist regarding the long-term environmental impact of residual P and metals in biosolid-amended fields. Objectives of this study were to determine (i) P solubility in three soils from Maryland, Minnesota, and Illinois with histories of biosolid application and (ii) uptake of P, Cu, Mn, and Zn by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on these amended soils. In a pot study, wheat was grown on three soils that had received applications of biosolids 16 to 24 years before soil collection. Mehlich-3-extractable P increased by as much as 246%, 350%, and 274% for the amended Maryland, Minnesota, and Illinois soils, respectively, compared with control values. Mehlich-3-extractable Cu and Zn concentrations also increased with biosolid application for the three soils, whereas Mn decreased or did not change. Wheat biomass yield was reduced by 78% for the Maryland soil amended with lime-composted biosolids, accompanied by a decline of wheat tissue Mn concentration of 86%. Tissue P concentration increased by as much as 237%, 141%, and 304% for the amended Maryland, Minnesota, and Illinois soils, respectively. This study demonstrated that, regardless of soil or biosolid source, soils that had received biosolids 16 to 24 years earlier retained elevated levels of phytoavailable P and Zn, resulting in elevated levels of those elements in wheat. Although biosolids are beneficial for crop production, the risk of long-term negative effects of excess P and metal on the environment should be considered before application. C1 [Codling, Eton E.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Room 211, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM eton.codling@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 37 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 179 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1097/SS.0000000000000041 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AJ4ZJ UT WOS:000337689000004 ER PT J AU Jokela, WE Bosworth, SC Rankin, JJ AF Jokela, William E. Bosworth, Sidney C. Rankin, John J. TI Sidedressed Dairy Manure Effects on Corn Yield and Residual Soil Nitrate SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Manure; slurry; sidedress; corn; nitrogen; soil nitrate ID CATTLE MANURE; NITROGEN AB Application of livestock manure to an annual crop such as corn is typically limited to relatively short periods in the fall after harvest or in the spring before planting. Direct incorporation or injection into a growing corn crop at sidedress time offers another window of time for manure applicationone that avoids planting delays associated with spring application and may reduce potential for nitrate leaching. We established a 2-year field study in northwestern Vermont to compare sidedressed liquid dairy manure directly incorporated with spreader-mounted S-tine cultivators (SD-Incorp) or surface applied (SD-Surf) to preplant-incorporated manure (PP-Incorp) and sidedressed fertilizer N (SD-FertN) to assess effects on corn silage yields, N uptake, and residual soil nitrate. The PP-Incorp manure N rate was higher than SD (212 vs. 150 kg ha(-1)) in Year 1 but similar (270 and 256 kg ha(-1)) in Year 2. In Year 1, N uptake for PP and SD-Incorp was similar and greater than SD-Surf and Control (no manure or additional fertilizer N); corn silage yields showed similar but nonsignificant trends. In Year 2, yield for SD-Incorp was equal to other manure and fertilizer N treatments and greater than Control; effects on N uptake were similar except that PP-Incorp was greater than SD manure. Postharvest residual NO3-N in the 1.2-m soil profile was highest in PP-Incorp and SD-FertN treatments; over-winter decreases in profile NO3-N were greater from SD-FertN than from incorporated manure treatments, suggesting higher leaching or denitrification losses. These results show that sidedressed manure can supply adequate N to meet the needs of a corn silage crop and may reduce excess residual NO3-N and potential for N losses. C1 [Jokela, William E.; Bosworth, Sidney C.; Rankin, John J.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Jokela, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2615 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM bill.jokela@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 179 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1097/SS.0000000000000040 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AJ4ZJ UT WOS:000337689000006 ER PT J AU Al-Qinna, M Scott, HD Brye, KR Van Brahana, J Sauer, TJ Sharpley, A AF Al-Qinna, Mohammed Scott, H. Don Brye, Kristofor R. Van Brahana, John Sauer, Thomas J. Sharpley, Andrew TI Coarse Fragments Affect Soil Properties in a Mantled-Karst Landscape of the Ozark Highlands SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coarse fragments; soil hydraulic properties; infiltration; Ozark Highlands ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; WATER-RETENTION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PHOSPHORUS INDEX; BULK-DENSITY; RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; ARKANSAS AB The Ozark Highlands region of the mid-southern United States is characterized in many areas by thin stony soils overlying highly fractured and dissolution-prone carbonate bedrock that are highly susceptible to groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coarse fragments on soil physical and hydraulic properties within a typical mantled-karst landscape in northwest Arkansas. In 2002, three representative soil series (i.e., Clarksville, Captina, and Razort) that vary taxonomically in coarse fragment content were selected for investigation. The alluvial Razort soil had the largest coarse fragment content, ranging between 15% in the top 10 cm and 80% in the 90- to 100-cm depth, which strongly affected the soil's hydraulic properties. With increasing coarse fragment contents with depth (P < 0.05) in all three soils, total bulk density increased with depth to approximately 1,400 kg m(-3), whereas the soil bulk density markedly decreased to less than 500 kg m(-3) across all three soils in the 90- to 100-cm depth. Ponded infiltration measurements, which did not differ among the three soils, demonstrated that coarse fragments reduced the vertical one-dimensional volume available for water flow, increased the tortuosity, and reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the soil pore system. However, ponded intake measurements demonstrated that the soil surface properties of the alluvial soil generated greater two-dimensional water flow below the land surface once infiltration occurred. Transmissivity was roughly 35 times greater in the alluvial Razort compared with the residual Captina and Clarksville soils, resulting in greater estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity at the surface for the alluvial soil. The combination of results from this study shows that careful consideration of the coarse fragment content of the soil is necessary when managing land use in mantled-karst landscapes. C1 [Al-Qinna, Mohammed] Hashemite Univ, Fac Nat Resources & Environm, Zarqa, Jordan. [Scott, H. Don] Mt Olive Coll, Agribusiness Ctr, Mt Olive, NC USA. [Brye, Kristofor R.; Sharpley, Andrew] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Van Brahana, John] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Sauer, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Brye, KR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kbrye@uark.edu NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 179 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1097/SS.0000000000000034 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AJ4ZJ UT WOS:000337689000007 ER PT J AU Li, JH Hunt, JF Gong, SQ Cai, ZY AF Li, Jinghao Hunt, John F. Gong, Shaoqin Cai, Zhiyong TI High Strength Wood-based Sandwich Panels Reinforced with Fiberglass and Foam SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Wood-based Laminate paper; Foams; Glass fibers; Sandwich structure; Mechanical testing ID LATTICE STRUCTURES; DESIGN AB Mechanical analysis is presented for new high-strength sandwich panels made from wood-based phenolic impregnated laminated paper assembled with an interlocking tri-axial ribbed core. Four different panel configurations were tested, including panels with fiberglass fabric bonded to both outside faces with self-expanding urethane foam used to fill the ribbed core. The mechanical behaviors of the sandwich panels were strength tested via flatwise compression, edgewise compression, and third-point load bending. Panels with fiberglass exhibited significantly increased strength and apparent MOE in edgewise compression and bending, but there were no noticeable effects in flatwise compression. The foam provided improved support that resisted both rib buckling and face buckling for both compression and bending tests. Post-failure observation indicated that core buckling dominated the failures for all configurations used. It is believed that using stiffer foam or optimizing the dimension of the core might further improve the mechanical performance of wood-based sandwich panels. C1 [Li, Jinghao; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Wisconsin Inst Discovery & Mat Sci, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Li, Jinghao; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Wisconsin Inst Program, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Li, Jinghao; Hunt, John F.; Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Hunt, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jfhunt@fs.fed.us; zcai@fs.fed.us FU USDA, Forest Products Laboratory FX This work was supported by the USDA, Forest Products Laboratory; the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Sara Fishwild, James Bridwell, Marshall Begel, Tim Nelson, Dave Simpson, and Marc Joyal of the EMRSL group for the mechanical testing. Tim Scott and Jane O'Dell are thanked for editorial comments. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 BP 1898 EP 1913 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AI6DQ UT WOS:000336960700008 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Tshabalala, MA Gao, JM Stark, NM Fan, YM AF Chen, Yao Tshabalala, Mandla A. Gao, Jianmin Stark, Nicole M. Fan, Yongming TI Color and Surface Chemistry Changes of Pine Wood Flour after Extraction and Delignification SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Wood flour; Extractives; Lignin; Surface chemistry; Color; Extractives; Delignification ID FT-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTO-DISCOLORATION; LIGNIN; PHOTODEGRADATION; COMPOSITES AB A detailed study was undertaken to examine the color and chemistry changes of pine wood flour when its extractives are removed and when it is delignified. The solvent systems employed were toluene/ethanol (TE), acetone/water (AW), and hot-water (HW), while sodium chlorite/acetic acid were used for delignification (i.e., lignin removal (LR)). Samples were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy, and colorimetry. The study demonstrated that color parameters (i.e., CIE L*a*b*) were only slightly affected by the removal of extractives, but changed noticeably when extractions were followed by delignification. TE extraction was more effective at removing the yellow colored substances, whereas AW mostly removed red colored substances that contained C=O groups. Inclusion of a HW extraction step after extraction with AW (AW-HW) removed components that contained conjugated C=O structures. Inclusion of a delignification step after extraction with AW followed by HW extraction (AW-HW-LR) was effective at removing yellow substances that contained non-conjugated C=O groups. C1 [Chen, Yao; Gao, Jianmin; Fan, Yongming] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, MOE Key Lab Wooden Mat Sci & Applicat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Tshabalala, Mandla A.; Stark, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Gao, JM (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, MOE Key Lab Wooden Mat Sci & Applicat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM jmgao@bjfu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070490]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [YX2014-03]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The authors express their sincere thanks to Dr. Umesh Agarwal and Sally A. Ralph at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory for useful suggestions and help with Raman spectroscopy. Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (series project no.: 31070490) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YX2014-03) are gratefully acknowledged. This research was funded in part by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 BP 2937 EP 2948 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AI6DQ UT WOS:000336960700090 ER PT J AU Feng, HL Li, GH Fu, S Wang, XP AF Feng, Hailin Li, Guanghui Fu, Sheng Wang, Xiping TI Tomographic Image Reconstruction Using an Interpolation Method for Tree Decay Detection SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Stress wave; Tomography; Internal decay; Nondestructive testing; Trees ID ACOUSTIC WOOD TOMOGRAPHY; ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHY; LOGS AB Stress wave velocity has been traditionally regarded as an indicator of the extent of damage inside wood. This paper aimed to detect internal decay of urban trees through reconstructing tomographic image of the cross section of a tree trunk. A grid model covering the cross section area of a tree trunk was defined with some assumptions. Stress wave data were processed beforehand to obtain the propagation velocity and the coordinate values. An image reconstruction algorithm for detecting internal decay was proposed based on an interpolation method, which estimated the velocity values of unknown grid points by utilizing the values of the surrounding points. To test the effectiveness of this method, Cinnamomum camphora tree samples were selected and tested using a stress wave tool. The area, positions, and extent of decay in the representative samples were displayed in tomographic images constructed by the interpolation method, and the results demonstrate the performance of the method. C1 [Feng, Hailin; Li, Guanghui; Fu, Sheng] Zhejiang Agr & Forestry Univ, Informat Engn Sch, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiping] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Feng, HL (reprint author), Zhejiang Agr & Forestry Univ, Informat Engn Sch, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM sealinfeng@gmail.com FU Natural Science Foundation of China [61272313, 61302185, 61174023]; Zhejiang Provincial Science and the Technology Project [2012C21015, 2013C24026, 2013C31018, LQ13F020013]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The authors are grateful for the support of the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61272313, 61302185, 61174023), Zhejiang Provincial Science and the Technology Project (Grant No. 2012C21015, 2013C24026, 2013C31018, LQ13F020013). The financial support of Dr. Hailin Feng's visiting study at the USDA Forest Productions Laboratory (FPL) was provided by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 BP 3248 EP 3263 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AI6DQ UT WOS:000336960700115 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Chen, P AF Zhao, Yang Chen, Pei TI Natural Products with Health Benefits from Marine Biological Resources SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Health benefits; marine biological resources; natural products ID COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUNCTIONAL FOOD INGREDIENTS; LACTUCA L THURET; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; LETTUCE ULVA SP; FISH-OIL; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; DIETARY-FIBERS AB Ocean is the cradle of lives, which provides a diverse array of intriguing natural products that capture scientists' great attention in the past few decades due to their significant and extremely potent biological activities. In addition to being rich sources for pharmaceutical drugs, marine natural products are increasingly recognized as sources in the discovery of functional foods and dietary supplements and provide useful probes to lead to breakthroughs in various scientific fields. With an emphasis on the bioactive and nutritional compounds discovered from the sea, four sections are covered in this paper: 1) historical review of breakthroughs on marine natural products; 2) metabolites from marine organisms with health benefits; 3) commercial applications related to marine organisms and their metabolites; 4) separation and isolation techniques used in marine natural products. C1 [Zhao, Yang; Chen, Pei] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov RI ZHAO, YANG/O-7920-2014 NR 226 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 27 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1385-2728 EI 1875-5348 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 7 BP 777 EP 792 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AI9JR UT WOS:000337249400002 ER PT J AU Barrios-Masias, FH Chetelat, RT Grulke, NE Jackson, LE AF Barrios-Masias, Felipe H. Chetelat, Roger T. Grulke, Nancy E. Jackson, Louise E. TI Use of introgression lines to determine the ecophysiological basis for changes in water use efficiency and yield in California processing tomatoes SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroplasts; determinate growth; leaf veins; Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum pennellii ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WHEAT YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; AREA; CONSTRUCTION AB Field and greenhouse studies examined the effects of growth habit and chloroplast presence in leaf veins for their role in increasing agronomic water use efficiency and yields of California modern processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars. Five introgression lines (ILs), made with Solanum pennellii Cor. in the genetic background of cultivar M82, differ in genes that map to a region on Chromosome 5, including the SP5G gene (determinate vs. semideterminate (Det vs. SemiDet)) and the obv gene (presence (obscure) vs. absence (clear) of leaf vein chloroplasts (Obs vs. Clr)). The five ILs andM82represented three of the four gene combinations (Det-Clr was unavailable). Det-Obs ILs had less leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass with earlier fruit set and ripening than SemiDet-Clr ILs. By harvest, total fruit biomass was not different among ILs. Photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were 4-7% and 13-26% higher, respectively, in Det-Obs ILs than SemiDet-Clr ILs. SemiDet-Obs ILs were intermediate for growth and gas exchange variables. The Det-Obs ILs had lower leaf N concentration and similar chlorophyll content per leaf area (but slightly higher per leaf mass) than SemiDet-Clr ILs. The Obs trait was associated with gains in leaf gas exchange-related traits. This study suggests that a more compact growth habit, less leaf biomass and higher C assimilation capacity per leaf area were relevant traits for the increased yields in cultivars with determinate growth. Developing new introgression libraries would contribute to understanding the multiple trait effects of desirable phenotypes. C1 [Barrios-Masias, Felipe H.; Jackson, Louise E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chetelat, Roger T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grulke, Nancy E.] USDA ARS, Pacific NW Res Stn, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. RP Barrios-Masias, FH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fbarrios@ucdavis.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 EI 1445-4416 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1071/FP13097 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AJ0SX UT WOS:000337367400002 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Tomecek, MB Gealy, DR AF Ziska, Lewis H. Tomecek, Martha B. Gealy, David R. TI Assessment of cultivated and wild, weedy rice lines to concurrent changes in CO2 concentration and air temperature: determining traits for enhanced seed yield with increasing atmospheric CO2 SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; breeding; carbon dioxide; climate change; genetic diversity; increased temperature; intraspecific variation; selection traits; weeds ID SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; PROJECTED INCREASES; RED RICE; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; FIELD-EVALUATION; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT AB Although several studies have examined intra-specific variability in growth and yield to projected atmospheric CO2 concentration, [CO2], few have considered concurrent increases in air temperature and [CO2], and none have compared the relative responses of cultivated and wild, weedy crop lines. In the current study we quantified the growth and seed yield response of three cultivated ('Rondo', 'Clearfield 161', 'M204') and one wild (red) rice line ('Stuttgart-S' or 'Stg-S'), grown at ambient or +200 mu mol mol(-1) [CO2] at one of three day/night temperatures (29/21, 31/23 or 33/25 degrees C). Averaged among all cultivars, [CO2] increased biomass and seed yield, but conversely, increasing air temperature reduced the [CO2] response of both parameters. Among the cultivated and weedy rice tested, 'Rondo' and 'Stg-S' showed significant increases in aboveground biomass and seed yield with elevated [CO2] at 29/21 degrees C; however, only 'Stg-S', the weedy rice line, demonstrated a significant increase with [CO2] at all growth temperatures. A regression analysis for this line indicated that the relative increase in seed yield with [CO2] and air temperature was positively associated with panicle and tiller number, but negatively correlated with the percentage of immature seed. An analysis of all lines indicated that the ratio of tiller production between CO2 treatments at 30 days after sowing (DAS) was a significant predictor of seed yield response to increasing [CO2] for all temperatures. These results suggest that: (i) inclusion of wild lines may broaden genotypic or phenotypic variation and assist in selection to temperature/[CO2]; and (ii) early differences in tiller formation may be an effective means to facilitate screening for CO2 sensitive rice genotypes. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.; Tomecek, Martha B.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gealy, David R.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 29 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 EI 1445-4416 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1071/FP13155 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AJ0TD UT WOS:000337368000004 ER PT J AU Hosseini, S Shrivastava, M Qi, L Weise, DR Cocker, DR Miller, JW Jung, HS AF Hosseini, Seyedehsan Shrivastava, Manish Qi, Li Weise, David R. Cocker, David R. Miller, John W. Jung, Heejung S. TI Effect of low-density polyethylene on smoke emissions from burning of simulated debris piles SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; WOOD COMBUSTION; FINE-PARTICLE; TRACE GASES; PYROLYSIS; PRODUCTS; PLASTICS; FIRES; FUEL AB Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic is used to keep piled debris from silvicultural activities-activities associated with development and care of forests-dry to enable efficient disposal by burning. The effects of inclusion of LDPE in this manner on smoke emissions are not well known. In a combustion laboratory experiment, 2-kg mixtures of LDPE and manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.) wood containing 0, 0.25, and 2.5% LDPE by mass were burned. Gaseous and particulate emissions were sampled in real time during the entire flaming, mixed combustion phase-when the flaming and smoldering phases are present at the same time-and during a portion of the smoldering phase. Analysis of variance was used to test significance of modified combustion efficiency (MCE)the ratio of concentrations of fire-integrated excess CO2 to CO2 plus CO-and LDPE content on measured individual compounds. MCE ranged between 0.983 and 0.993, indicating that combustion was primarily flaming; MCE was seldom significant as a covariate. Of the 195 compounds identified in the smoke emissions, only the emission factor (EF) of 3M-octane showed an increase with increasing LDPE content. Inclusion of LDPE had an effect on EFs of pyrene and fluoranthene, but no statistical evidence of a linear trend was found. Particulate emission factors showed a marginally significant linear relationship with MCE (0.05 < P-value < 0.10). Based on the results of the current and previous studies and literature reviews, the inclusion of small mass proportions of LDPE in piled silvicultural debris does not appear to change the emissions produced when low-moisture-content wood is burned. In general, combustion of wet piles results in lower MCEs and consequently higher levels of emissions. Implications: Current air quality regulations permit the use of burning to dispose of silvicultural piles; however, inclusion of low-density polyethyelene (LDPE) plastic in silvicultural piles can result in a designation of the pile as waste. Waste burning is not permitted in many areas, and there is also concern that inclusion of LDPE leads to toxic air emissions. C1 [Hosseini, Seyedehsan; Shrivastava, Manish; Qi, Li; Cocker, David R.; Miller, John W.; Jung, Heejung S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Weise, David R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM heejung@engr.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010; OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769; Jung, Heejung/0000-0003-0366-7284 FU Hazardous Fuels programs of the Angeles, Cleveland, Los Padres; San Bernardino National Forests; SERDP [RC-1648] FX The financial support provided by the Hazardous Fuels programs of the Angeles, Cleveland, Los Padres, and San Bernardino National Forests and by SERDP project RC-1648 "New Tools for Estimating and Managing Local/Regional Air Quality Impacts of Prescribed Burns" helped make this project possible. The logistical support provided by Forest Service technicians Joey Chong and David Kisor prior to and during the experimental phase of this project is also appreciated. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2014 VL 64 IS 6 BP 690 EP 703 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.882282 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9IV UT WOS:000337247200006 PM 25039203 ER PT S AU Micheli, E Owens, PR Lang, V Fuchs, M Hempel, J AF Micheli, Erika Owens, Phillip R. Lang, Vince Fuchs, Marta Hempel, Jon BE Hartemink, AE McSweeney, K TI Organic Carbon as a Major Differentiation Criterion in Soil Classification Systems SO SOIL CARBON SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Soil-Sciences Global Soil Carbon Conference CY JUN 03-06, 2013 CL Madison, WI SP Int Union Soil Sci, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Soil Sci AB Soil is the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon (OC), however the spatial distribution of the estimated 1.5-2.3 Tt organic carbon content of the soil cover has great variation horizontally and vertically. As organic carbon is one of the most important soil constituents, governing important functions and properties of soils, it is one of the major differentiation criteria in internationally used soil classification systems, such as Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World reference base for soil resources (WRB), and most national systems. Several soil units at the highest level of the systems, such as surface and subsurface horizons, modifiers and qualifiers are defined on the basis of presence and amount of OC and/or depth and thickness of OC rich soil layers. As a result of the evaluation of current definitions of ST and the WRB, and analyses of international soil data sets (US NASIS and the ISRIC WISE) it was concluded that there are sufficient number of categories for expression of the amount, kind and vertical distribution of OC, however several of the definitions are very complicated, and not always consistent throughout the systems. This makes interpretation and also computation of categories difficult. With globally available data and mathematical tools, there is an opportunity to improve definitions and adjust arbitrarily set limits. An improved set of organic carbon related diagnostics could serve the needs of a future global classification system, mapping and monitoring OC, and also modeling of related estimations and processes. C1 [Micheli, Erika; Lang, Vince; Fuchs, Marta] Szent Istvan Univ, Dept Soil Sci & Agr Chem, Pater K U 1, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary. [Owens, Phillip R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Hempel, Jon] USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Micheli, E (reprint author), Szent Istvan Univ, Dept Soil Sci & Agr Chem, Pater K U 1, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary. EM micheli.erika@mkk.szie.hu; prowens@purdue.edu; Lang.vince@mkk.szie.hu; Fuchs.marta@mkk.szie.hu; jon.hempel@lin.usda.gov FU SDA NRCS - Purdue University: Universal Soil Classifi cation [68-7482-10-527]; Excellent Research Faculty Grant of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Resources [17586-4/2013/ TUDPOL] FX The research was supported by USDA NRCS - Purdue University: Universal Soil Classifi cation Grant (registration no.: 68-7482-10-527) and the " Excellent Research Faculty" Grant of the "Hungarian Ministry of Human Resources" (registration no.: 17586-4/2013/ TUDPOL). NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-3-319-04084-4; 978-3-319-04083-7 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2014 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_4 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA6KO UT WOS:000337169400006 ER PT S AU Bliss, NB Waltman, SW West, LT Neale, A Mehaffey, M AF Bliss, Norman B. Waltman, Sharon W. West, Larry T. Neale, Anne Mehaffey, Megan BE Hartemink, AE McSweeney, K TI Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in the Conterminous United States SO SOIL CARBON SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Soil-Sciences Global Soil Carbon Conference CY JUN 03-06, 2013 CL Madison, WI SP Int Union Soil Sci, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Soil Sci AB The U.S. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database provides detailed soil mapping for most of the conterminous United States (CONUS). These data have been used to formulate estimates of soil carbon stocks, and have been useful for environmental models, including plant productivity models, hydrologic models, and ecological models for studies of greenhouse gas exchange. The data were compiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) from 1: 24,000-scale or 1: 12,000-scale maps. It was found that the total soil organic carbon stock in CONUS to 1 m depth is 57 Pg C and for the total profile is 73 Pg C, as estimated from SSURGO with data gaps filled from the 1: 250,000-scale Digital General Soil Map. We explore the non-linear distribution of soil carbon on the landscape and with depth in the soil, and the implications for sampling strategies that result from the observed soil carbon variability. C1 [Bliss, Norman B.] US Geol Survey, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Inuteq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Waltman, Sharon W.] USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Geospatial Res Unit, Morgantown, WV USA. [West, Larry T.] USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Neale, Anne; Mehaffey, Megan] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. RP Bliss, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Inuteq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bliss@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-3-319-04084-4; 978-3-319-04083-7 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2014 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_9 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA6KO UT WOS:000337169400011 ER PT S AU Wills, S Loecke, T Sequeira, C Teachman, G Grunwald, S West, LT AF Wills, Skye Loecke, Terrance Sequeira, Cleiton Teachman, George Grunwald, Sabine West, Larry T. BE Hartemink, AE McSweeney, K TI Overview of the U. S. Rapid Carbon Assessment Project: Sampling Design, Initial Summary and Uncertainty Estimates SO SOIL CARBON SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Soil-Sciences Global Soil Carbon Conference CY JUN 03-06, 2013 CL Madison, WI SP Int Union Soil Sci, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Soil Sci ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; WORLD AB The Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) project was undertaken by the Soil Science Division of the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) to capture baseline soil carbon stocks across the conterminous US (CONUS). A multi-level hierarchical design was used to ensure that samples were distributed across regions, soils and land use/land cover classes (LULC). Within those strata, sites were selected at random locations where five pedons were described and sampled at 0-5 cm and by genetic horizon from 5 to 100 cm. A total of 6,148 sites, 32,084 pedons and 144,833 samples were described. Bulk density was calculated for samples from the upper 50 cm and predicted for deeper samples using pedon and horizon information in a regression tree developed with random forests. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration was predicted for each sample using processed Visible-Near Infrared spectra and a random forest model. Pedon SOC stocks were calculated by fixed depth to 100 cm. Expected variance was introduced into the stock calculations using analytical and modeling prediction errors (e. g., SOC concentration and bulk density measurements) and the stratified sampling design was partitioned using a hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach. Pedons were averaged by site. The mean of all RaCA site SOC stocks to 100 cm was 321.1, with a median of 173.3 and range of 2 to over 5,000 Mg ha(-1). Geometric means of soil groups and LULC classes were used to extrapolate results to all assessed areas. Further work is needed to properly weight averages by areal extent and assess the cause of higher than expected site SOC stock values. C1 [Wills, Skye; Teachman, George; West, Larry T.] USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall North,Fed Bldg,Room 152,MS 35, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Loecke, Terrance] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sequeira, Cleiton] Koch Engn Co Inc, Wichita, KS USA. [Grunwald, Sabine] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wills, S (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall North,Fed Bldg,Room 152,MS 35, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM skye.wills@lin.usda.gov; tloecke2@unl.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-3-319-04084-4; 978-3-319-04083-7 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2014 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_10 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA6KO UT WOS:000337169400012 ER PT S AU Stott, DE Cambardella, CA Karlen, DL AF Stott, Diane E. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Karlen, Douglas L. BE Hartemink, AE McSweeney, K TI Assessment of Near-Surface Soil Carbon Content Across Several U. S. Cropland Watersheds SO SOIL CARBON SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Soil-Sciences Global Soil Carbon Conference CY JUN 03-06, 2013 CL Madison, WI SP Int Union Soil Sci, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Soil Sci ID QUALITY; MANAGEMENT AB The Cropland Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) was initiated in the USA to provide a scientific basis for assessing effectiveness of conservation practices on water and soil quality. In 2006, sampling was initiated within a number of USDA-ARS experimental watersheds to measure and assess management impacts on near-surface (0-5 cm) soil quality indicators. Here, we focus on soil organic carbon (SOC) content because of its influence on key soil quality indicators. The sampling schemes for each of the 12 locations (< 1,500 samples) in the states of Georgia, Iowa, Indiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma and Texas, were designed to address individual objectives. We used the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) to score the measured data so that climate and inherent soil properties would be taken into account. The SOC-SMAF scoring algorithms uses a more-is-better model reflecting SOC concentrations associated with high productivity and minimal environmental impact. Interactions include soil type, climate, and management practices such as tillage and crop rotation, which influence SOC content at each sampling site. Measured SOC contents ranged from 3.0 to 21.7 g kg(-1) and SMAF-SOC scores ranged from 0.09 to 1.00, where 1.00 is an optimum level of SOC with regard to most soil functions. This assessment showed that SOC evaluations need to be soil-and site-specific because many factors, including environmental influences and inherent soil characteristics, influence SOC levels. C1 [Stott, Diane E.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Cambardella, Cynthia A.; Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stott, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM Diane.Stott@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-3-319-04084-4; 978-3-319-04083-7 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2014 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_26 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA6KO UT WOS:000337169400028 ER PT S AU Libohova, Z Stott, DE Owens, PR Winzeler, HE Wills, S AF Libohova, Zamir Stott, Diane E. Owens, Phillip R. Winzeler, Hans E. Wills, Skye BE Hartemink, AE McSweeney, K TI Mineralizable Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Corn-Soybean Rotations in Glaciated Derived Landscapes of Northern Indiana SO SOIL CARBON SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Soil-Sciences Global Soil Carbon Conference CY JUN 03-06, 2013 CL Madison, WI SP Int Union Soil Sci, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Soil Sci ID SPATIAL PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; TILLAGE; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; INCUBATION; STABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; DIOXIDE; RESIDUE AB The concerns about climate change have increased interest in understanding differences in soil carbon pools and availability. The objective of this study was to assess total Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and mineralizable SOC (C-min) dynamics and spatial distribution as controlled by slope position, in glaciated northern Indiana. We collected 210 soil samples from the 0 to 25 cm surface layer along 10-point transects along a soil catena. Total SOC was determined by dry combustion and C-min by incubation. The spatial distribution of total SOC followed patterns related to soil wetness. Overall, the depression areas stored between 50 and 141 Mg C ha(-1) or between 50 and 68 % more total SOC when compared to the drier areas. After 28 days of incubation (C-min), depressions released 1.2 Mg C ha(-1), which was significantly more than the drier areas at 0.8 Mg ha(-1). These differences indicate the potential of wetter areas, to store C if converted to C accruing management practices. The mean daily rate of C-CO2 evolved decreased exponentially during the first 28 days from 1.5 to 0.2 mu g g(-1) h(-1). The management of these targeted areas can potentially increase soil C stock in arable lands and assist managers in developing systems that will sequester soil carbon. C1 [Libohova, Zamir] USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall North,Rm 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Stott, Diane E.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Owens, Phillip R.; Winzeler, Hans E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Wills, Skye] USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Libohova, Z (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall North,Rm 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM zamir.libohova@lin.usda.gov; Diane.Stott@ARS.USDA.GOV; prowens@purdue.edu; hwinzele@purdue.edu; skye.wills@lin.usda.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-3-319-04084-4; 978-3-319-04083-7 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2014 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_27 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA6KO UT WOS:000337169400029 ER PT J AU Weyers, SL Spokas, KA AF Weyers, S. L. Spokas, K. A. TI Crop residue decomposition in Minnesota biochar-amended plots SO SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; WHEAT-STRAW; SHORT-TERM; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; NITROGEN; CHARCOAL; QUALITY; IMPACT AB Impacts of biochar application at laboratory scales are routinely studied, but impacts of biochar application on decomposition of crop residues at field scales have not been widely addressed. The priming or hindrance of crop residue decomposition could have a cascading impact on soil processes, particularly those influencing nutrient availability. Our objectives were to evaluate biochar effects on field decomposition of crop residue, using plots that were amended with biochars made from different plant-based feedstocks and pyrolysis platforms in the fall of 2008. Litterbags containing wheat straw material were buried in July of 2011 below the soil surface in a continuous-corn cropped field in plots that had received one of seven different biochar amendments or a uncharred wood-pellet amendment 2.5 yr prior to start of this study. Litterbags were collected over the course of 14 weeks. Microbial biomass was assessed in treatment plots the previous fall. Though first-order decomposition rate constants were positively correlated to microbial biomass, neither parameter was statistically affected by biochar or wood-pellet treatments. The findings indicated only a residual of potentially positive and negative initial impacts of biochars on residue decomposition, which fit in line with established feedstock and pyrolysis influences. Overall, these findings indicate that no significant alteration in the microbial dynamics of the soil decomposer communities occurred as a consequence of the application of plant-based biochars evaluated here. C1 [Weyers, S. L.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Spokas, K. A.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Weyers, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM sharon.weyers@ars.usda.gov OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 FU Minnesota Department of Agriculture Specialty Block Grant program; Minnesota Corn Growers Association/Minnesota Corn Research Production Counci; USDA-ARS Biochar and Pyrolysis Initiative; USDA-ARS GRACEnet (Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement Network) programs FX We appreciate the help of our research assistants, Alan Wilts, USDA-ARS Morris, Martin Dusaire, USDA-ARS St. Paul, and undergraduate assistants, Natalie Barnes UMN-Morris, and the following students at UMN-Twin Cities: Eric Nooker, Edward Colosky, Tia Phan, Michael Ottman, Amanda Bidwell, Lindsay Watson, Kia Yang, Vang Yang, and Lianne Endo. We thank Hal Collins, USDA-ARS Prosser, WA, for a constructive review of the manuscript. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge the partial funding from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture Specialty Block Grant program and the Minnesota Corn Growers Association/Minnesota Corn Research Production Council. This research is part of the USDA-ARS Biochar and Pyrolysis Initiative and USDA-ARS GRACEnet (Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement Network) programs. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 74 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1869-9510 EI 1869-9529 J9 SOLID EARTH JI Solid Earth PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.5194/se-5-499-2014 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI9AN UT WOS:000337218200033 ER PT S AU Parikh, SJ Goyne, KW Margenot, AJ Mukome, FND Calderon, FJ AF Parikh, Sanjai J. Goyne, Keith W. Margenot, Andrew J. Mukome, Fungai N. D. Calderon, Francisco J. BE Sparks, DL TI Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 126 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; SITU ATR-FTIR; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES; ATTENUATED TOTAL-REFLECTION; CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT; OH-STRETCHING MODES AB Vibrational spectroscopy techniques provide a powerful approach to the study of environmental materials and processes. These multifunctional analytical tools can be used to probe molecular vibrations of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples for characterizing materials, elucidating reaction mechanisms, and examining kinetic processes. Although Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is the most prominent type of vibrational spectroscopy used in the field of soil science, applications of Raman spectroscopy to study environmental samples continue to increase. The ability of FTIR and Raman spectroscopies to provide complementary information for organic and inorganic materials makes them ideal approaches for soil science research. In addition, the ability to conduct in situ, real time, vibrational spectroscopy experiments to probe biogeochemical processes at mineral interfaces offers unique and versatile methodologies for revealing a myriad of soil chemical phenomena. This review provides a comprehensive overview of vibrational spectroscopy techniques and highlights many of the applications of their use in soil chemistry research. C1 [Parikh, Sanjai J.; Margenot, Andrew J.; Mukome, Fungai N. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goyne, Keith W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Calderon, Francisco J.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO USA. RP Parikh, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjparikh@ucdavis.edu RI Parikh, Sanjai /F-3476-2011 OI Parikh, Sanjai /0000-0002-5260-0417 NR 701 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-800132-5 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2014 VL 126 BP 1 EP 148 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800132-5.00001-8 PG 148 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BA5QE UT WOS:000336943100001 ER PT S AU Oosterhuis, DM Loka, DA Kawakami, EM Pettigrew, WT AF Oosterhuis, Derrick M. Loka, Dimitra A. Kawakami, Eduardo M. Pettigrew, William T. BE Sparks, DL TI The Physiology of Potassium in Crop Production SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 126 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; INDUCED STOMATAL CLOSURE; WATER-STRESS INHIBITION; ALTERNARIA LEAF-BLIGHT; AFFINITY K+ UPTAKE; HIGHER-PLANT ROOTS; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; SALT-STRESS; COTYLEDON EXPANSION AB Potassium (K) plays a major role in the basic functions of plant growth and development. In addition, K is also involved in numerous physiological functions related to plant health and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, deficiencies occur widely resulting in poor growth, lost yield, and reduced fiber quality. This review describes the physiological functions of K and the role in stress relief and also provides some agronomic aspects of K requirements, diagnosis of soil and plant potassium status, and amelioration. The physiological processes described include enzymes and organic compound synthesis regulation, water relations and stomates, photosynthesis, transport, cell signaling, and plant response to drought stress, cold stress, salt stress, as well as biotic stresses. C1 [Oosterhuis, Derrick M.; Loka, Dimitra A.; Kawakami, Eduardo M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Pettigrew, William T.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Oosterhuis, DM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM oosterhu@uark.edu NR 222 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-800132-5 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2014 VL 126 BP 203 EP 233 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800132-5.00003-1 PG 31 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BA5QE UT WOS:000336943100003 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Kim, Y AF Stanley, David Kim, Yonggyun TI Eicosanoid Signaling in Insects: from Discovery to Plant Protection SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE biological control; eicosanoids; insect immunity; novel pest control strategies; prostaglandins; sustainable agriculture ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; DIGESTIVE PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); LONE STAR TICK; CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; AUSTRALIAN FIELD CRICKET; HORNWORM MANDUCA-SEXTA; PLASMATOCYTE-SPREADING PEPTIDE; EPITHELIAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA AB Prostaglandins (PGs) and related eicosanoids are signal moieties derived from arachidonic acid and two other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. They were discovered in the 1930s in the context of mammalian reproductive physiology; PGs were associated with the prostate gland, hence their name, and they stimulate uterine smooth muscle contraction. Determining PG chemical structures in the early 1960s and demonstrating that they mediate many human pathophysiological events in the 1970s stimulated intensive research over the following decades in universities, governments and the private sector. Interest in the biological significance of PGs in insects arose in the 1970s and 1980s, which opened a new research frontier. PGs act in reproduction, releasing egg-laying behaviors in some species and signaling egg-maturation events in the Drosophila and silk moth models. They act in insect immunity, mediating and coordinating cellular and humoral responses to wounds, infection and invasion. PGs act in ion transport physiology in insect Malpighian tubules and recta. These compounds also mediate physiological trade-offs between insect immunity and reproduction. Finally, they are central players in the molecular ecology of interactions between blood-feeding insects and their vertebrate hosts. Some PG functions are critical at specific, crucial moments in insect lives, moments we consider 'emergencies,' such as the immediate reactions to infection. Certain microbial species have keyed into insect PG signaling and they evolved mechanisms to disable insect immune reactions to infection by inhibiting key enzymes in PG biosynthesis. We provide proof-of-principle that RNA interference treatments designed to silence genes in PG signaling disrupts insect immunity. In this review we describe the history, chemistry and biology of PGs. We use this background to argue that because PGs and other eicosanoids act in emergency situations, they are visible targets for development and deployment of novel insect pest management technologies. C1 [Stanley, David] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kim, Yonggyun] Andong Natl Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Andong, South Korea. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu FU Bio-industry Technology Development Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Korea FX We thank Dr. Robeca Rosengaus (Northeastern University) for her detailed review and for raising most interesting questions on the penultimate draft of the manuscript. Thanks, also, to Dennis Grey for inviting this essay. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the U. S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. This research was also supported by Bio-industry Technology Development Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Korea to YK. NR 240 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 EI 1549-7836 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 20 EP 63 DI 10.1080/07352689.2014.847631 PG 44 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AI4LK UT WOS:000336836600002 ER PT J AU Xue, Q Rudd, JC Liu, S Jessup, KE Devkota, RN Mahan, JR AF Xue, Q. Rudd, J. C. Liu, S. Jessup, K. E. Devkota, R. N. Mahan, J. R. TI Yield Determination and Water-Use Efficiency of Wheat under Water-Limited Conditions in the US Southern High Plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WINTER-WHEAT; TEMPERATE CEREALS; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; GRAIN-YIELD; DURUM-WHEAT; CROP YIELD; DROUGHT; IRRIGATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Drought is the most important stress for reducing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) in the U. S. Southern High Plains (SHP). Adoption of cultivars with higher yield and WUE under drought conditions is critical in the area. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological basis of yield determination and WUE of wheat in the SHP. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in 10 genotypes under dryland and irrigated conditions. The newer cultivars or more drought tolerant genotypes had higher yield, biomass, WUE, and water-use efficiency for biomass (WUEbm) under drought. Genotypes with higher yield had more seeds per spike and higher 1000-kernel weight (TKW). The WUE or WUEbm was determined by yield or biomass as genotypic differences in evapotranspiration were not significant. Biomass at anthesis significantly contributed to higher yield under drought. Yield, spikes per square meter, TKW, and harvest index were correlated to spike, stem, and total dry weights per unit area at anthesis. Single stem dry weight was linearly related to seeds per spike. For dryland wheat, remobilization of stem C reserves contributed to yield in 1 yr and to seeds per spike and seeds per square meter in both years. The amount of remobilization was linearly related to single stem dry weight at anthesis. The results of this study indicated that stem dry weight at anthesis may be an important trait for high yield in the SHP environment. C1 [Xue, Q.; Rudd, J. C.; Liu, S.; Jessup, K. E.; Devkota, R. N.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Mahan, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Xue, Q (reprint author), Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM qxue@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas Wheat Producers Board; USDA Agriculral Research Service, Kansas State University; Texas A&M AgriLife Research; Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This research was partially supported by Texas Wheat Producers Board and the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA Agriculral Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 34 EP 47 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.02.0108 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400004 ER PT J AU Endelman, JB Atlin, GN Beyene, Y Semagn, K Zhang, XC Sorrells, ME Jannink, JL AF Endelman, Jeffrey B. Atlin, Gary N. Beyene, Yoseph Semagn, Kassa Zhang, Xuecai Sorrells, Mark E. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Optimal Design of Preliminary Yield Trials with Genome-Wide Markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; BREEDING VALUES; MAIZE; EFFICIENCY; LINES; POPULATIONS; PROBABILITY; PREDICTIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Previous research on genomic selection (GS) has focused on predicting unphenotyped lines. Genomic selection can also improve the accuracy of phenotyped lines at low heritability, e.g., in a preliminary yield trial (PYT). Our first objective was to estimate this effect within a biparental family, using multilocation yield data for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). We found that accuracy increased with training population size and was higher with an unbalanced design spread across multiple locations than when testing all entries in one location. The latter phenomenon illustrates that when seed is limited, genome-wide markers enable broader sampling from the target population of environments. Our second objective was to explore the optimum allocation of resources at a fixed budget. When PYT selections are advanced for further testing, we propose a new metric for optimizing genetic gain: R-max, the expected maximum genotypic value of the selections. For budgets up to 250 yield plot equivalents per family, the optimal design did not involve genotyping more progeny than were phenotyped, even when the cost of creating and genotyping each line was only 0.25 the cost of one yield plot unit (YPU). At a genotyping cost of 0.25 YPU, GS offered up to a 5% increase in genetic gain compared with phenotypic selection. To increase genetic gains further, the training population must be expanded beyond the full-sib family under selection, using close relatives of the parents as a source of prediction accuracy. C1 [Endelman, Jeffrey B.] Univ Wisconsin, Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Grad Program, Dep Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Atlin, Gary N.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Beyene, Yoseph; Semagn, Kassa] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya. [Zhang, Xuecai] CIMMYT, El Batan, Mexico. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Endelman, JB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Grad Program, Dep Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM endelman@wisc.edu OI Semagn, Kassa/0000-0001-6486-5685 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.03.0154 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400005 ER PT J AU Beyer, BM Smith, CW Percy, R Hague, S Hequet, EF AF Beyer, Benjamin M. Smith, C. Wayne Percy, Richard Hague, Steve Hequet, Eric F. TI Test Cross Evaluation of Upland Cotton Accessions for Selected Fiber Properties SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; GERMPLASM; QUALITY; TRAITS; LENGTH; LINES AB Texas A&M AgriLife Research released several upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines that exhibit near extra long and extra long staple (ELS) upper half mean length (UHML) fibers, similar to those produced by pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) and significantly longer than those of upland cultivars currently grown in the United States. While present-day global marketing systems do not reward the production of such upland cotton fibers, future competitiveness of upland cotton may depend on availability of such variability. Thirty-six improved upland cotton cultivar accessions from the USDA-ARS Cotton Collection were crossed to two testers to determine if any contained alleles for additional improvement in fiber length or strength parameters of germplasm developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. 'Tamcot CAMD-E' was chosen as a standard fiber quality tester and TAM B182-33 ELS was the elite fiber quality tester. The lines, testers, and F(1)s were grown in Tecoman, Colima, Mexico, and at College Station, TX, in 2010 and at College Station only in 2011. Fiber data were subjected to line x tester analysis. Funtua FT-5 from northern Africa and Stoneville 474 from the United States may harbor additional UHML and length uniformity alleles for improving TAM B182-33 ELS. Phytogen 72 (United States) and BJA 592 (northern Africa) may contain additional alleles to improve fiber bundle strength. C1 [Beyer, Benjamin M.] Avanta US Inc, Hereford, TX 79045 USA. [Smith, C. Wayne; Hague, Steve] Texas A&M Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Percy, Richard] ARS, USDA, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hequet, Eric F.] Texas Tech Univ, Fiber & Biopolymer Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79049 USA. RP Smith, CW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM cwsmith@tamu.edu RI Hequet, Eric/A-9802-2008 FU Salyer Fellowship Program; Texas A&M AgriLife Research; Cotton Incorporated; Texas State Support Committee; Texas Department of Agriculture FX The research reported herein was supported by the Salyer Fellowship Program, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Cotton Incorporated, the Texas State Support Committee, and the Texas Department of Agriculture. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.06.0374 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400006 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Jensen, KB Robins, JG Waldron, BL AF Larson, Steven R. Jensen, Kevin B. Robins, Joseph G. Waldron, Blair L. TI Genes and Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Biomass Yield and Forage Quality Traits in Perennial Wildrye SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACID-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; GREAT-BASIN GRASSES; FLOWERING TIME; LINKAGE MAPS; DOWN-REGULATION; DWARFING GENES; LOLIUM-PERENNE; TALL FESCUE; WHEAT AB Native perennial grasses have potential as low-input biomass feedstocks. Basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. Love] is the largest native grass in western North America but is susceptible to defoliation. Creeping wildrye [Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg.] is a shorter less productive grass with durable rhizomes and higher forage quality. Two creeping wildrye pseudo-backcross populations derived from interspecific hybrids were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling plant height, rhizome spreading, flowering, postanthesis biomass yield, cellulosic fiber, lignin, and protein traits using a linkage map comprising 376 expressed sequence tags and 423 other DNA markers. Biomass yields of the F-1 hybrids and pseudo-backcross populations were significantly greater than creeping wildrye with some genotypes nearly equal to or greater than basin wildrye. Rhizome spreading and forage quality of the creeping wildrye pseudo-backcross populations were significantly greater than basin wildrye. Six of nine plant height QTL overlap with biomass QTL. Three flowering QTL detected in both populations overlap with fiber QTL. Plant height and flowering QTL were aligned to genes controlling dwarfing, photoperiod response, and vernalization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using the Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. genome reference sequence. Evidence suggests that genetic mechanisms controlling plant height and flowering are conserved among temperate grasses and reveals pathways for improving biomass production and forage quality. C1 [Larson, Steven R.; Jensen, Kevin B.; Robins, Joseph G.; Waldron, Blair L.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Steve.Larson@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.04.0261 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400011 ER PT J AU Mideros, SX Warburton, ML Jamann, TM Windham, GL Williams, WP Nelson, RJ AF Mideros, Santiago X. Warburton, Marilyn L. Jamann, Tiffany M. Windham, Gary L. Williams, W. Paul Nelson, Rebecca J. TI Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Mycotoxin Contamination of Maize: Analysis by Linkage Mapping, Characterization of Near-Isogenic Lines, and Meta-Analysis SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; LEAF-BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; QTL; ACCUMULATION; FUSARIUM; CORN; ASSOCIATION AB Mycotoxin contamination of maize (Zea mays L.) exposes people to grave health consequences in subsistence agricultural settings and to economical losses in quality-regulated markets. Genetic variation for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize has been reported in many studies. Resistance can act at multiple steps at which there is fungal-plant interaction. In this study, we report the identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for multiple traits or components of resistance to Aspergillus flavus using different genetic tools and resources. For QTL mapping, we used a B73 x CML322 population of recombinant inbred lines. Ten QTL were found using two QTL mapping methods, six of which were located on the same chromosome segments using both approaches. These QTL were located in maize bins 4.08, 4.09, 8.02, 8.03, 10.06 and 10.07. Various sources of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for selected loci were tested. The resistance QTL located in bin 4.08 was confirmed using a NIL pair. Finally, we conducted a meta-analysis of QTL using data from 12 populations in which resistance to Aspergillus, Fusarium, or Giberella ear rots has been mapped. This meta-analysis indicated that the QTL in bin 4.08 has been reported in four mapping populations. Overall, we found evidence for significant QTL x year interactions and that QTL were distributed in a manner consistent with an infinitesimal model. The largest-effect QTL, located in bin 4.08, is a good candidate for further characterization and use. C1 [Mideros, Santiago X.; Jamann, Tiffany M.; Nelson, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Warburton, Marilyn L.; Windham, Gary L.; Williams, W. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Nelson, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nelson, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjn7@cornell.edu FU Chris Mancuso on genotyping the NIL families FX The authors are thankful for the support from Chris Mancuso on genotyping the NIL families as well as from Victoria Scott, Ladonna Owens, and Greg Flint for inoculation and phenotyping in Mississippi. We are also thankful to Chia-Lin Chung for valuable discussions in planning and execution of these experiments. The two Syngenta NILs were developed by Syngenta Seeds, Inc. (http://www.generationcp.org/communications/media/press-releases/new-gen omic-resources-for-maizebreeding). Genotypes of the Syngenta NILs used in this study were kindly provided to us by Michael McMullen. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 26 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 127 EP 142 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.04.0249 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400012 ER PT J AU Resende, RMS Casler, MD de Resende, MDV AF Simeao Resende, Rosangela Maria Casler, Michael D. Vilela de Resende, Marcos Deon TI Genomic Selection in Forage Breeding: Accuracy and Methods SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WITHIN-FAMILY SELECTION; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; BIOMASS YIELD; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY; RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS AB The main benefits expected from genomic selection in forage grasses and legumes are to increase selection accuracy, reduce cycle time, and potentially reduce evaluation costs per genotype. Aiming at designing a training population and first generation of selection, deterministic equations were used to compare the gain and accuracy of six genomic selection methods implemented within the context of traditional experimental plot designs used in forage breeding. Combined use of both phenotypic and genotypic information was superior to other methods using low density markers (approximately three per cM) and for heritability lower than 0.6 but resulted in lower selection gain per year in relation to individual genomic selection using higher marker density. Initial accuracies were increased by a selection index method proposed as a procedure to improve long-term rates of gain for advanced generations using genomic selection. Application of genomic selection methods to forage breeding is expected to be of greatest value under the following circumstances: (i) when phenotypic evaluation of individual plants is incapable of predicting performance under sward conditions, (ii) when it is difficult or impossible to apply meaningful selection pressure within families, or (iii) when time-intensive phenotypic evaluations necessitate long cycle times, for example, 4 to 5 yr. C1 [Simeao Resende, Rosangela Maria] Embrapa Beef Cattle, BR-79106550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vilela de Resende, Marcos Deon] Univ Fed Vicosa, Embrapa Forestry, Dep Engn Florestal, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Resende, RMS (reprint author), Embrapa Beef Cattle, BR-79106550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. EM rosangela.simeao@embrapa.br NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0353 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400013 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Cuesta, A Jan, CC Fernandez-Martinez, JM Velasco, L AF Fernandez-Cuesta, A. Jan, C. C. Fernandez-Martinez, J. M. Velasco, L. TI Variability for Seed Phytosterols in Sunflower Germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L.; ESTERIFIED STEROLS; VEGETABLE-OILS AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds and oils are rich sources of phytosterols, which are important compounds for human nutrition. There is limited information on variability for seed phytosterols in sunflower germplasm. The objective of this research was to evaluate kernel phytosterol content and profile in sunflower germplasm and to confirm phytosterol traits under several environments. Kernel phytosterol content in a collection of 985 accessions ranged from 1319 to 5119 mg kg(-1). Large variation was also observed for the concentrations of campesterol (32 to 197 g kg(-1) phytosterols), stigmasterol (41 to 128 g kg(-1)), beta-sitosterol (448 to 755 g kg(-1)), and Delta(7)-stigmastenol (8 to 274 g kg(-1)). Seventy-two accessions selected for high phytosterol content and/or different profiles were evaluated for 2 yr under sib-pollination. From these, 20 accessions were selected based on phytosterol traits and further evaluated in two replicated field trials. Lines HA 89 and IASP-18, with conventional and high phytosterol content, respectively, were used as controls. Phytosterol traits such as high phytosterol content (up to 3682 mg kg(-1) compared to 2686 mg kg(-1) in HA 89 and 4957 mg kg(-1) in IASP-18) as well as high concentrations of campesterol (180 g kg(-1) compared to a maximum of 66 g kg(-1) in control line IASP-18), stigmasterol (161 g kg(-1) compared to 64 g kg(-1) in HA 89), and Delta(7)-stigmastenol (300 g kg(-1) compared to 163 g kg(-1) in HA 89) were confirmed. Selected accessions will be of great value for future basic and applied research on phytosterols in sunflower. C1 [Fernandez-Cuesta, A.; Fernandez-Martinez, J. M.; Velasco, L.] IAS CSIC, Cordoba 14004, Spain. [Jan, C. C.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Velasco, L (reprint author), IAS CSIC, Alameda Obsipo S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM lvelasco@ias.csic.es RI Velasco, Leonardo/C-5930-2008; OI Velasco, Leonardo/0000-0003-4998-9406; Fernandez Martinez, Jose Maria/0000-0003-1413-0642 FU Junta de Andalucia [P07-AGR-03011]; EU FEDER FX The authors thank the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station for providing germplasm accessions as well as Alberto Merino and Angustias Jimenez for technical assistance. The research was supported by research project P07-AGR-03011 from Junta de Andalucia and EU FEDER funds. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0285 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400016 ER PT J AU Jakubowski, AR Jackson, RD Casler, MD AF Jakubowski, Andrew R. Jackson, Randall D. Casler, Michael D. TI The History of Reed Canarygrass in North America: Persistence of Natives among Invading Eurasian Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRASS PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; PLANT INVASIONS; DNA; BIOENERGY; DOMESTICATION; AMPLIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY; NUTRIENTS; SEQUENCES; NETWORKS AB Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a major invader in North American wetlands that has also been planted as a forage crop for nearly a century. While the species is native to both North America and Eurasia, the geographic origin of invaders has remained unknown due to the previous inability to distinguish North American and Eurasian populations. The goals of this study were to (i) identify extant native North American populations if they exist, (ii) determine the geographic origin of present-day populations in North America, and (iii) compare the diversity among Eurasian and North American populations to determine whether there is evidence of a genetic bottleneck in North America. A total of 987 individuals from 373 accessions were investigated using 15 microsatellite markers. A subset of 37 individuals was sequenced at four chloroplast regions. The population structure of the species was inferred using Bayesian clustering approaches and a median joining tree. Native North American populations of reed canarygrass are still present in North America. However, only 3 of the 235 North American accessions sampled were of North American origin. All Eurasian subpopulations were present in North America and invading populations in North America were as diverse as populations in the Eurasian range. The Eurasian populations are far more common in North American wetlands today and suggest introduced Eurasian populations are more invasive than their North American counterparts although the mechanisms for the differences in invasibility remain a mystery. C1 [Jakubowski, Andrew R.; Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jackson, Randall D.; Casler, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jakubowski, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dep Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Jakubowski@wisc.edu FU Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative [941-3]; USDA-ARS FX This work was funded in part by Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative grant 941-3 and by USDA-ARS funds. We are grateful to the University of Alaska Museum of the North (ALA) (in particular, Matt Carlson of the University of Alaska-Anchorage), the Bell Museum of Natural History at the University of Minnesota (MIN), The University of Wisconsin Herbarium (WIS), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada DAO Herbarium, the University Laval Herbarium (QFA), and the Iowa State University Herbarium (ISC) for allowing us to sample tissue from specimens. We are grateful to Jerry Cherney and Nick Baker for assistance with plant and seed collection. We also wish to thank Dr. Hasan Khatib for the use of his lab for herbarium specimen DNA extractions and PCR setup. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 29 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0342 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400018 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Undersander, DJ Papadopolous, YA Bittman, S Hunt, D Mathison, RD Min, DH Robins, JG Cherney, JH Acharya, SN Belesky, DP Bowley, SR Coulman, BE Drapeau, R Ehlke, NJ Hall, MH Leep, RH Michaud, R Rowsell, J Shewmaker, GE Teutsch, CD Coblentz, WK AF Casler, M. D. Undersander, D. J. Papadopolous, Y. A. Bittman, S. Hunt, D. Mathison, R. D. Min, D. H. Robins, J. G. Cherney, J. H. Acharya, S. N. Belesky, D. P. Bowley, S. R. Coulman, B. E. Drapeau, R. Ehlke, N. J. Hall, M. H. Leep, R. H. Michaud, R. Rowsell, J. Shewmaker, G. E. Teutsch, C. D. Coblentz, W. K. TI Sparse-Flowering Orchardgrass Represents an Improvement in Forage Quality During Reproductive Growth SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NONFLOWERING ORCHARDGRASS; VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; NORTH-AMERICA; SELECTION; GRASSES; MANAGEMENT; MATURITY; TIMOTHY; LIGNIN AB Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a major component of many pastures in temperate North America. Early and profuse flowering in pastures is problematic, because livestock refuse to consume flowering stems, prompting many graziers to simply avoid using this species. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of reduced flowering on the quality of harvested forage under two harvest managements of orchardgrass. Six cultivars, three normal cultivars and three sparse-flowering cultivars (mean panicle density of 141 vs. 61 panicles m(-2), respectively), were evaluated in field experiments at 21 locations in North America under a 3-cut harvest management. These cultivars were also evaluated at seven locations under a 5-cut harvest management. Sparse-flowering cultivars averaged 9% greater crude protein (CP), 3% lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 2% greater NDF digestibility, and 2% greater in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than normal cultivars. For the two digestibility measures, differential panicle density between the cultivar groups explained a significant portion of variability, indicating that the increase in forage quality was proportional to the decrease in panicle density below a threshold of about 50 panicles m(-2). Lastly, differences in regrowth forage quality between cultivar groups were smaller, less consistent, and of lesser statistical significance than for first harvest. While selection for sparse flowering in orchardgrass resulted in significant cause-and-effect increases in first-harvest forage quality, these effects were too small to offset the reduced forage yield associated with the sparse-flowering trait. C1 [Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Undersander, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Papadopolous, Y. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Bittman, S.; Hunt, D.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Mathison, R. D.] Univ Minnesota, NCROC, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Min, D. H.] Michigan State Univ, Upper Peninsula Expt Stn, Chatham, MI 49816 USA. [Robins, J. G.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cherney, J. H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Acharya, S. N.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Belesky, D. P.] USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Bowley, S. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Coulman, B. E.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Drapeau, R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Normandin, PQ G8M 4K3, Canada. [Ehlke, N. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hall, M. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Leep, R. H.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Michaud, R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1V 2J3, Canada. [Rowsell, J.] New Liskeard Agr Res Stn, New Liskeard, ON P0J 1P0, Canada. [Shewmaker, G. E.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. [Teutsch, C. D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blackstone, VA 23824 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.casler@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.04.0227 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AI3FG UT WOS:000336745400037 ER PT J AU Wilding, TK Sanderson, JS Merritt, DM Rood, SB Poff, NL AF Wilding, Thomas K. Sanderson, John S. Merritt, David M. Rood, Stewart B. Poff, N. LeRoy TI Riparian responses to reduced flood flows: comparing and contrasting narrowleaf and broadleaf cottonwoods SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE cottonwood; flow alteration; streamflow management; ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA); environmental flows; index of flow modification (IFM); Populus; riparian vegetation ID SOUTHERN ALBERTA; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; CLONAL REPRODUCTION; RIVER REGULATION; CHANNEL CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; MAJOR FLOOD; GREEN RIVER; VEGETATION; POPULUS AB To enable assessment of risks of water management to riparian ecosystems at a regional scale, we developed a quantile-regression model of abundance of broadleaf cottonwoods (Populus deltoides and P. fremontii) as a function of flood flow attenuation. To test whether this model was transferrable to narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), we measured narrowleaf abundance along 39 river reaches in northwestern Colorado, USA. The model performed well for narrowleaf in all 32 reaches where reservoir storage was <75% of mean annual flow. Field data did not fit the model at four of seven reaches where reservoir storage was >90% of mean annual flow. In these four reaches, narrowleaf was abundant despite peak flow attenuation of 45-61%. Poor model performance in these four reaches may be explained in part by a pulse of narrowleaf cottonwood expansion as a response to channel narrowing and in part by differences between narrowleaf and broadleaf cottonwood response to floods and drought. C1 [Wilding, Thomas K.; Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sanderson, John S.] Nat Conservancy Colorado, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sanderson, John S.; Merritt, David M.; Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Rood, Stewart B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. RP Wilding, TK (reprint author), Hawkes Bay Reg Council, Napier, New Zealand. EM jsanderson@tnc.org FU Colorado Water Conservation Board; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The study was funded by the Colorado Water Conservation Board (broadleaf cottonwood study) and by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation through a gift to The Nature Conservancy (narrowleaf study). NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 605 EP 617 DI 10.1080/02626667.2014.880786 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AI7PD UT WOS:000337085100012 ER PT S AU Wunderle, JM Lebow, PK White, JD Currie, D Ewert, DN AF Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Lebow, Patricia K. White, Jennifer D. Currie, Dave Ewert, David N. BA Wunderle, JM Lebow, PK White, JD Currie, D Ewert, DN BF Wunderle, JM Lebow, PK White, JD Currie, D Ewert, DN TI SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES IN SITE FIDELITY, FOOD RESOURCE TRACKING, AND BODY CONDITION OF WINTERING KIRTLAND'S WARBLERS (SETOPHAGA KIRTLANDII) IN THE BAHAMAS SO SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES IN SITE FIDELITY, FOOD RESOURCE TRACKING, AND BODY CONDITION OF WINTERING KIRTLAND'S WARBLERS (SETOPHAGA KIRTLANDII) IN THE BAHAMAS SE Ornithological Monographs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE carryover effects; food resource tracking; Nearctic-Neotropical migrant; nonbreeding season; rainfall effects; Setophaga kirtlandii; site fidelity ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; BIRD PARKESIA-NOVEBORACENSIS; THRUSHES CATHARUS-GUTTATUS; OVENBIRDS AVES-PARULIDAE; WEST-AFRICAN RAINFALL; TIT PARUS-MAJOR; MIGRATORY BIRD; NONBREEDING SEASON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT SEGREGATION AB Distribution of nonbreeding migrant birds in relation to variation in food availability has been hypothesized to result from the interaction of dominance hierarchies and variable movement responses, which together may have sex- and age-specific consequences. We predicted that site fidelity, movements, and abundance of Kirtland's Warblers (Setophaga kirtlandii) wintering on the island of Eleuthera in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas (hereafter "The Bahamas") would be correlated with food abundance but vary by sex and age. We found that the species' food resources (fruits and arthropods) typically declined during a winter but varied between winters (years) and study sites. Rainfall is a driver of variation in fruit abundance, as indicated by an information-theoretic evaluation of abiotic factors that influence fruit abundance. Despite variation in food availability, the proportions of fruits and arthropods in the diet of Kirtland's Warblers (88% of 90 fecal samples with both) varied little within or between winters or with sex or age class. Overwinter site persistence was low and variable among study sites (average = 43%, range: 11-67%); as predicted, site fidelity within and between winters differed by sex (males > females) and age class (adults > juveniles). However, knowledge of only sex and age was insufficient to predict site persistence in a model-selection framework in the absence of other contributing variables from the confidence set of models (i.e., food resources and/or habitat structure) for two model sets. These analyses further indicated that measures of food resources, either foliage arthropods or fruits, were reliable positive predictors of site fidelity, given the respective confidence set of models. Birds that shifted between study sites within a winter moved to sites with higher biomass of ripe fruit and ground arthropods, such that late-winter densities of Kirtland's Warblers were positively related to the biomass of fruits and ground arthropods. Sex and age differences in corrected body mass and fat were significant from midwinter through late winter, consistent with expected outcomes of dominance and experience. Differences in corrected body mass were evident by 16 April, when males had greater corrected mass than females, and by 26 April, when corrected mass of males was greater for adults than for juveniles. Late-winter rain had a positive effect on corrected body mass, corraborating previous Kirtland's Warbler studies that showed carryover effects on the breeding grounds and that survival in the following year was positively correlated with March rainfall in The Bahamas. Given that drought reduces the food resources and body condition of Kirtland's Warblers in The Bahamas, which negatively affects survival and breeding of Kirtland's Warblers in North America, conservation efforts in the Bahamas archipelago should focus on protecting the least-drought-prone early-successional habitats and sites with favored fruit species. C1 [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.; White, Jennifer D.; Currie, Dave] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Lebow, Patricia K.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [White, Jennifer D.; Currie, Dave] Puerto Rican Conservat Fdn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Ewert, David N.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. RP Wunderle, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, HC 02 Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. EM jmwunderle@gmail.com NR 154 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0078-6594 BN 978-0-943610-99-3 J9 ORNITHOL MONOGR JI Ornithol. Monogr. PY 2014 IS 80 BP 1 EP 62 PG 62 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BA5QI UT WOS:000336943500001 ER PT J AU Nawrotzki, RJ Brenkert-Smith, H Hunter, LM Champ, PA AF Nawrotzki, Raphael J. Brenkert-Smith, Hannah Hunter, Lori M. Champ, Patricia A. TI Wildfire-Migration Dynamics: Lessons from Colorado's Fourmile Canyon Fire SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Boulder County; Colorado; disaster; Fourmile Canyon fire; migration; natural hazards; residential relocation; risk perception; wildfire; wildland-urban interface (WUI) ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; HURRICANE KATRINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISASTER; RISK; MITIGATION; HAZARDS; AREAS; MANAGEMENT; MOBILITY AB The number of people living in wildfire-prone wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities is on the rise. However, no prior study has investigated wildfire-induced residential relocation from WUI areas after a major fire event. To provide insight into the association between sociodemographic and sociopsychological characteristics and wildfire-related intention to move, we use data from a survey of WUI residents in Boulder and Larimer counties, Colorado. The data were collected 2 months after the devastating Fourmile Canyon fire destroyed 169 homes and burned more than 6,000 acres of public and private land. Although this study is working with a small migrant sample, logistic regression models demonstrate that survey respondents intending to move in relation to wildfire incidence do not differ sociodemographically from their non-migrant counterparts. They do, however, show significantly higher levels of risk perception. Investigating destination choices shows a preference for short-distance moves. C1 [Nawrotzki, Raphael J.; Brenkert-Smith, Hannah; Hunter, Lori M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Champ, Patricia A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nawrotzki, RJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, UCB 483,C435B,4th Floor,1440 15th St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM Raphael.Nawrotzki@colorado.edu OI Nawrotzki, Raphael/0000-0002-1671-3676 FU NICHD NIH HHS [P2C HD066613, R24 HD066613] NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1080/08941920.2013.842275 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA AI4LJ UT WOS:000336836500007 PM 24882943 ER PT J AU Daniels, JM Robbins, AST Brinkley, WR Wolf, KL Chase, JM AF Daniels, Jean M. Robbins, Alicia S. T. Brinkley, Weston R. Wolf, Kathleen L. Chase, John M. TI Toward estimating the value of stewardship volunteers: A cost-based valuation approach in King County, Washington, USA SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Ecological restoration; Environmental stewardship; King County Parks; Urban forestry; Valuation methods; Volunteerism ID NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AB Urban forestry professionals are increasingly challenged to find cost-effective strategies for resource conservation and management. Many organizations partner with citizen groups to host events that enlist volunteers to perform stewardship tasks like tree planting and trail maintenance. These volunteer programs incur costs to both the managing agency and partners, such as staffing, tools, and transportation. Volunteers contribute uncompensated time and expertise. Little is known about these contributions, yet citizen stewards and host groups represent an important human dimension of urban forest management. Using a survey administered to volunteers and host organizations at restoration events in King County Parks, WA, USA, we developed a cost-based approach to estimate the value of stewardship activities that occurred in the spring field season of 2011. Expenditures included volunteer and event host time and direct cost of traveling to and from events, on-site labor, equipment, and preparation costs. Results suggest that contributions made by volunteers and hosts are significant; the combined costs associated with the 17 sampled events was approximately $35,700. These efforts represent a small subset of the more than 1000 volunteer environmental stewardship activities that take place annually in King County. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Daniels, Jean M.; Chase, John M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Robbins, Alicia S. T.; Wolf, Kathleen L.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brinkley, Weston R.] Forterra, Seattle, WA 98164 USA. RP Daniels, JM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM jdaniels@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2014.01.004 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA AI6WV UT WOS:000337018600010 ER PT S AU Sanders, ME Lenoir-Wijnkoop, I Salminen, S Merenstein, DJ Gibson, GR Petschow, BW Nieuwdorp, M Tancredi, DJ Cifelli, CJ Jacques, P Pot, B AF Sanders, Mary Ellen Lenoir-Wijnkoop, Irene Salminen, Seppo Merenstein, Daniel J. Gibson, Glenn R. Petschow, Bryon W. Nieuwdorp, Max Tancredi, Daniel J. Cifelli, Christopher J. Jacques, Paul Pot, Bruno GP New York Acad Sci TI Probiotics and prebiotics: prospects for public health and nutritional recommendations SO ANNALS REPORTS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE probiotics; prebiotics; dietary guidelines; public health policy; healthy diet ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; DAIRY PRODUCT INTAKE; WHOLE-GRAIN CEREALS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB Probiotics and prebiotics are useful interventions for improving human health through direct or indirect effects on the colonizing microbiota. However, translation of these research findings into nutritional recommendations and public health policy endorsements has not been achieved in a manner consistent with the strength of the evidence. More progress has been made with clinical recommendations. Conclusions include that beneficial cultures, including probiotics and live cultures in fermented foods, can contribute towards the health of the general population; prebiotics, in part due to their function as a special type of soluble fiber, can contribute to the health of the general population; and a number of challenges must be addressed in order to fully realize probiotic and prebiotic benefits, including the need for greater awareness of the accumulated evidence on probiotics and prebiotics among policymakers, strategies to cope with regulatory roadblocks to research, and high-quality human trials that address outstanding research questions in the field. C1 [Sanders, Mary Ellen] Int Sci Assoc Probiot & Prebiot, Centennial, CO USA. [Lenoir-Wijnkoop, Irene] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Salminen, Seppo] Univ Turku, Turku, Finland. [Merenstein, Daniel J.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Gibson, Glenn R.] Univ Reading, Dept Food & Nutr Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Petschow, Bryon W.] Transcend Biomed Commun LLC, Youngsville, NC USA. [Nieuwdorp, Max] AMC UvA, Dept Internal & Vasc Med, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Tancredi, Daniel J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Cifelli, Christopher J.] Dairy Res Inst, Rosemont, PA USA. [Jacques, Paul] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pot, Bruno] Ctr Infect & Immun Lille, Lille, France. RP Sanders, ME (reprint author), 7119 S Glencoe Ct, Centennial, CO 80122 USA. EM mes@isapp.net RI Tancredi, Daniel/O-3381-2013 OI Tancredi, Daniel/0000-0002-3884-7907 NR 76 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 51 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2014 VL 1309 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1111/nyas.12377 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BA2LN UT WOS:000333646100002 PM 24571254 ER PT J AU Zhu, JR Zhou, H Pan, YB Lu, X AF Zhu, J. -R. Zhou, H. Pan, Y. -B. Lu, X. TI Genetic variability among the chloroplast genomes of sugarcane (Saccharum spp) and its wild progenitor species Saccharum spontaneum L. SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane; Saccharum spontaneum; Chloroplast genome; Maternal inheritance ID MATERNAL INHERITANCE; PATERNAL INHERITANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CROSSES; PCR AB A striking characteristic of modern sugarcane is that all sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp) share a common cytoplasm from S. officinarum. To explore the potential value of S. spontaneum cytoplasm, new Saccharum hybrids with an S. spontaneum cytoplasm were developed at the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Sugarcane Research Laboratory, through a combination of conventional and molecular breeding approaches. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variability among the chloroplast genomes of four sugarcane cultivars, eight S. spontaneum clones, and three F-1 progeny containing an S. spontaneum cytoplasm. Based on the complete chloroplast genome sequence information of two sugarcane cultivars (NCo 310 and SP 80-3280) and five related grass species (barley, maize, rice, sorghum, and wheat), 19 polymerase chain reaction primer pairs were designed targeting various chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) segments with a total length varying from 4781 to 4791 bp. Ten of the 19 cpDNA segments were polymorphic, harboring 14 mutation sites [a 15-nt insertion/deletion (indel), a 5-nt indel, two poly (T) tracts, and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms]. We demonstrate for the first time that the chloroplast genome of S. spontaneum was maternally inherited. Comparative sequence homology analyses clustered sugarcane cultivars into a distinctive group away from S. spontaneum and its progeny. Three mutation sites with a consistent, yet species-specific, nucleotide composition were found, namely, an A/C transversion and two indels. The genetic variability among cpDNA of sugarcane cultivars and S. spontaneum will be useful information to determine the maternal origin in the Saccharum genus. C1 [Zhu, J. -R.; Lu, X.] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Sugarcane Res Inst, Yunnan Key Lab Sugarcane Genet Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Zhou, H.] Guangxi Acad Agr Sci, China Minist Agr, Sugarcane Res Inst, Guangxi Lab Sugarcane Biotechnol & Genet Improvem, Nanning, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Pan, Y. -B.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM yongbao.pan@ars.usda.gov FU American Sugar Cane League of the USA Inc., Thibodaux, LA FX This study was conducted at the USDA-ARS, MSA, Sugarcane Research Laboratory under the USDA-ARS National Program "301" project "Genetic improvement of sugarcane by conventional and molecular approaches". Research partially funded by the American Sugar Cane League of the USA Inc., Thibodaux, LA. We also thank the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China Training Programs for providing living and international travel expenses for J.-R. Zhu and X. Lu and the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (#2011GXNSFF018002) for providing international travel expense for H. Zhou. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU FUNPEC-EDITORA PI RIBEIRAO PRETO PA RUA FLORIANO PEIXOTO 2444, ALTO DA BOA VISTA, RIBEIRAO PRETO, SP 00000, BRAZIL SN 1676-5680 J9 GENET MOL RES JI Genet. Mol. Res. PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 3037 EP 3047 DI 10.4238/2014.January.24.3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AI3AC UT WOS:000336729500073 PM 24615073 ER PT J AU Zhang, LX Gao, M Li, SX Alva, AK Ashraf, M AF Zhang, Lixin Gao, Mei Li, Shengxiu Alva, Ashok Kumar Ashraf, Muhammad TI Potassium fertilization mitigates the adverse effects of drought on selected Zea mays cultivars SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Relative water content; nitrate reductase activity; osmotic solutes; Poaceae; potassium fertilizer ID WATER-STRESS; EXOGENOUS GLYCINEBETAINE; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; VIGNA-RADIATA; PLANT-GROWTH; MAIZE; PROLINE; ACCUMULATION; MODULATION; MOISTURE AB In the present study, the role of potassium (K) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress (DS) on 2 maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, 'Shaandan 9 ' (S-9; drought-tolerant) and 'Shaandan 911 ' (S-911; drought-sensitive), was assessed. K application increased dry matter (DM) across all growth stages and grain yield (GY) in both cultivars under DS, but not under control conditions. Drought-tolerant cultivar S-9 was superior to drought-sensitive cultivar S-911 under DS in terms of DM and GY regardless of K addition. Additionally, K application increased relative water content, nitrate reductase activity, and concentrations of potassium ion, free proline, soluble protein, and endogenous glycine betaine in both cultivars. These positive effects due to K fertilization under DS were greater for S-911 than for S-9. In contrast, the differences in the above parameters between K-treated plants and plants under control conditions were either nonsignificant or marginal. This study provides direct evidence of the beneficial physiological function of K fertilization in mitigating the adverse effects of DS by increased nitrate assimilation and osmotic regulation, but not due to its nutritive role. C1 [Zhang, Lixin; Gao, Mei] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Li, Shengxiu] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Alva, Ashok Kumar] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Ashraf, Muhammad] Univ Sargodha, Univ Coll Agr, Sargodha, Pakistan. RP Ashraf, M (reprint author), Univ Sargodha, Univ Coll Agr, Sargodha, Pakistan. EM ashrafbot@yahoo.com RI Ashraf, Muhammad /I-6800-2015 FU China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and Chinese Universities Scientific Fund [QN2009069]; Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming [10501-J-2] FX This work was jointly funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (QN2009069) and the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming (10501-J-2). NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-008X EI 1303-6106 J9 TURK J BOT JI Turk. J. Bot. PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.3906/bot-1308-47 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AI1OH UT WOS:000336620000009 ER PT J AU Li, X Ni, XZ AF Li, Xin Ni, Xinzhi TI Estimation of taxa richness using a novel method SO BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biomass; biological; biosystems; biotechnology ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; JACKKNIFE; NUMBER; POPULATION; AREA AB A novel method to estimate taxa richness was presented in this study. It was developed based on Coleman's random placement hypothesis. The novel method was tested and compared to six non-parametric methods for the estimation of taxa richness. The results of total bias, absolute bias, relative bias and minimum sample size for taxa richness estimation indicated that the novel method performed better than all other methods. C1 [Li, Xin] Northwest Agr & Forest Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Northwest Agr & Forest Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM lixin57@hotmail.com NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ICE PUBLISHING PI WESTMINISTER PA INST CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1 GREAT GEORGE ST, WESTMINISTER SW 1P 3AA, ENGLAND SN 2045-9858 EI 2045-9866 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM NAN JI Bioinspired Biomim. Nanobiomat. PY 2014 VL 3 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1680/bbn.14.00001 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AH8ZU UT WOS:000336428700006 ER PT B AU Bauch, PA Cooper, BS O'Keefe, JM AF Bauch, Patricia A. Cooper, Bruce S. O'Keefe, Joseph M. BE Bauch, PA TI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The Innovative Road Ahead SO CATHOLIC SCHOOLS IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE Research on Religion and Education LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CATHOLIC-SCHOOLS C1 [Bauch, Patricia A.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Cooper, Bruce S.] Fordham Univ, Grad Sch Educ, New York, NY 10023 USA. [O'Keefe, Joseph M.] Boston Coll, Lynch Sch Educ, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [O'Keefe, Joseph M.] Boston Coll, Ignatian Spiritual Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [O'Keefe, Joseph M.] Lynch Sch Educ, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. [O'Keefe, Joseph M.] USDA, Natl Assessment Governing Board, Washington, DC USA. RP Bauch, PA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-439-9; 978-1-62396-440-5 J9 RES RELIG EDUC PY 2014 BP 341 EP 359 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research; Religion SC Education & Educational Research; Religion GA BA2KY UT WOS:000333573300018 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MJ Hebertson, EG Munson, AS AF Jenkins, Michael J. Hebertson, Elizabeth G. Munson, A. Steven TI Spruce Beetle Biology, Ecology and Management in the Rocky Mountains: An Addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies SO FORESTS LA English DT Review DE Dendroctonus rufipennis; spruce beetle; Engelmann spruce; central Rocky Mountains ID DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS KIRBY; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; HOST SELECTION BEHAVIOR; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; ACTIVE CROWN FIRE; BARK BEETLES; PINE-BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE AB Spruce beetle outbreaks have been reported in the Rocky Mountains of western North America since the late 1800s. In their classic paper, Spruce Beetle in the Rockies, Schmid and Frye reviewed the literature that emerged from the extensive outbreaks in Colorado in the 1940s. A new wave of outbreaks has affected Rocky Mountain subalpine spruce-fir forests beginning in the mid-1980s and continuing to the present. These outbreaks have spurred another surge of basic and applied research in the biology, ecology and management of spruce and spruce beetle populations. This paper is a review of literature on spruce beetle focusing on work published since the late 1970s and is intended as an addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies. C1 [Jenkins, Michael J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hebertson, Elizabeth G.; Munson, A. Steven] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. RP Jenkins, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mike.jenkins@usu.edu; lghebertson@fs.fed.us; smunson@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Special Technology and Development and Evaluation Monitoring Programs; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station at Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA FX Over the years we have received generous funding from the USDA Forest Service Special Technology and Development and Evaluation Monitoring Programs. Partial support for research on the impacts of spruce beetles on fuels and fire was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program. This work was also supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station at Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA. NR 248 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 21 EP 71 DI 10.3390/f5010021 PG 51 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AH0OW UT WOS:000335820700009 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR AF Fettig, Christopher J. McKelvey, Stephen R. TI Resiliency of an Interior Ponderosa Pine Forest to Bark Beetle Infestations Following Fuel-Reduction and Forest-Restoration Treatments SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Pinus jeffreyi; Abies concolor; Dendroctonus; Pinus ponderosa; Ips; Scolytus; Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; MOUNTAIN EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; TREE MORTALITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; JEFFREY PINE; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN CASCADES AB Mechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used to restore fire-adapted forest ecosystems in the Western United States. During a 10-year period, we monitored the effects of fuel-reduction and forest-restoration treatments on levels of tree mortality in an interior ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., forest in California. Twelve experimental plots, ranging in size from 77-144 ha, were established to create two distinct forest structural types: mid-seral stage (low structural diversity; LoD) and late-seral stage (high structural diversity; HiD). Following harvesting, half of each plot was treated with prescribed fire (B). A total of 16,473 trees (8.7% of all trees) died during the 10-year period. Mortality was primarily attributed to bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) (10,655 trees), specifically fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, western pine beetle, D. brevicomis LeConte, pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), and, to a much lesser extent, Jeffrey pine beetle, D. jeffreyi Hopkins. Trees of all ages and size classes were killed, but mortality was concentrated in the smaller-diameter classes (19-29.2 and 29.3-39.3 cm at 1.37 m in height). Most mortality occurred three to five years following prescribed burns. Higher levels of bark beetle-caused tree mortality were observed on LoD + B (8.7%) than LoD (4.2%). The application of these and other results to the management of interior P. ponderosa forests are discussed, with an emphasis on the maintenance of large trees. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [McKelvey, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us; stevemckelvey1@comcast.net FU Washington Office of the USDA Forest Service; US President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank Robert Borys, Christopher Dabney, L. Maria Patterson and Christopher Stoll (formerly Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service) and Daniel Cluck, Robert Cruz, Valerie DeBlander and Christopher Hayes (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service) for technical assistance. James Baldwin (Pacific Southwest Research Station) aided with statistical analyses. We thank Martin Ritchie (Pacific Southwest Research Station) for his leadership and management of scientific infrastructure at Blacks Mountain. We also thank our colleagues on the Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest Ecological Research Team for their participation in this large-scale study. This research was supported, in part, by ecosystem management research funds received through the Washington Office of the USDA Forest Service, a US President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (to Christopher J. Fettig), and the Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 153 EP 176 DI 10.3390/f5010153 PG 24 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AH0OW UT WOS:000335820700005 ER PT J AU Cassone, BJ Michel, AP Stewart, LR Bansal, R Mian, MAR Redinbaugh, MG AF Cassone, Bryan J. Michel, Andrew P. Stewart, Lucy R. Bansal, Raman Mian, M. A. Rouf Redinbaugh, Margaret G. TI Reduction in Fecundity and Shifts in Cellular Processes by a Native Virus on an Invasive Insect SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE fecundity; transcriptomics; invasive vector; native virus; soybean aphid ID POD-MOTTLE-VIRUS; SOYBEAN-MOSAIC-VIRUS; LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; FLOCK HOUSE VIRUS; LARGE GENE LISTS; PLANT-VIRUSES; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; TRANSMITTED VIRUSES; DWARF-VIRUS; INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT AB Pathogens and their vectors have coevolutionary histories that are intricately intertwined with their ecologies, environments, and genetic interactions. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is native to East Asia but has quickly become one of the most important aphid pests in soybean-growing regions of North America. In this study, we used bioassays to examine the effects of feeding on soybean infected with a virus it vectors (Soybean mosaic virus [SMV]) and a virus it does not vector (Bean pod mottle virus [BPMV]) have on A. glycines survival and fecundity. The genetic underpinnings of the observed changes in fitness phenotype were explored using RNA-Seq. Aphids fed on SMV-infected soybean had transcriptome and fitness profiles that were similar to that of aphids fed on healthy control plants. Strikingly, a significant reduction in fecundity was seen in aphids fed on BPMV-infected soybean, concurrent with a large and persistent downregulation of A. glycines transcripts involved in regular cellular activities. Although molecular signatures suggested a small regulatory RNA pathway defense response was repressed in aphids feeding on infected plants, BPMV did not appear to be replicating in the vector. These results suggest that incompatibilities with BPMV or the effects of BPMV infection on soybean caused A. glycines to allot available energy resources to survival rather than reproduction and other core cellular processes. Ultimately, the detrimental impacts to A. glycines may reflect the short tritrophic evolutionary histories between the insect, plant, and virus. C1 [Cassone, Bryan J.; Stewart, Lucy R.; Mian, M. A. Rouf; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] ARS, USDA, Corn Soybean & Wheat Qual Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Michel, Andrew P.; Bansal, Raman; Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Stewart, Lucy R.; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Soybean & Wheat Qual Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM peg.redinbaugh@ars.usda.gov RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 FU USDA; ARS; Ohio State University; OARDC; Wooster FX B.J.C., M. G. R., and A. M. conceived and designed the study. B.J.C. conducted the fitness assays and carried out the sampling and molecular work (e.g., RNA extraction and library preparation) for the transcriptomics study. B.J.C. and R. B. did the computation analysis. B.J.C., A. M., L. R. S., M. G. R., M. A. R. M., and R. B. wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Aphis glycine biotype 3 was graciously provided by Curt Hill, Biotype stock center, UIUC. The authors also thank Anne Dorrance for use of the computer workstation, Saranga Wijeratne and Feng Qu for technical advice, and Junyan Lin for the BPMV primers. Salaries and support for this research were provided by federal and state funds appropriated to USDA, ARS, and The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1093/gbe/evu057 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AH4EW UT WOS:000336080700011 PM 24682151 ER PT J AU Sanchez, MCM Cushman, SA Saura, S AF Mateo Sanchez, Maria C. Cushman, Samuel A. Saura, Santiago TI Scale dependence in habitat selection: the case of the endangered brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scale; habitat selection; habitat suitability models; Maxent; brown bear ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN SPAIN; MODEL; CONSERVATION; MOUNTAINS; FRAMEWORK; ECOLOGY; BIRD; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION AB Animals select habitat resources at multiple spatial scales. Thus, explicit attention to scale dependency in species-habitat relationships is critical to understand the habitat suitability patterns as perceived by organisms in complex landscapes. Identification of the scales at which particular environmental variables influence habitat selection may be as important as the selection of variables themselves. In this study, we combined bivariate scaling and Maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to investigate multiscale habitat selection of endangered brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in northwest Spain. Bivariate scaling showed that the strength of apparent habitat relationships was highly sensitive to the scale at which predictor variables are evaluated. Maxent models on the optimal scale for each variable suggested that landscape composition together with human disturbances was dominant drivers of bear habitat selection, while habitat configuration and edge effects were substantially less influential. We found that explicitly optimizing the scale of habitat suitability models considerably improved single-scale modeling in terms of model performance and spatial prediction. We found that patterns of brown bear habitat suitability represent the cumulative influence of habitat selection across a broad range of scales, from local resources within habitat patches to the landscape composition at broader spatial scales. C1 [Mateo Sanchez, Maria C.; Saura, Santiago] Tech Univ Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Sanchez, MCM (reprint author), Tech Univ Madrid, Madrid, Spain. EM mc.mateo@upm.es RI Saura, Santiago/A-9994-2008 OI Saura, Santiago/0000-0002-5239-0763 FU Fundacion Oso Pardo FX We are grateful to the Regional Administrations involved in the brown bear management: Junta de Castilla y Leon, Gobierno de Cantabria, Principado de Asturias, and Xunta de Galicia for providing location data. Thanks also to the support provided by Fundacion Oso Pardo and to A. Gaston for his constructive comments about Maxent Modeling. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 EI 1362-3087 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2014 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 1531 EP 1546 DI 10.1080/13658816.2013.776684 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA AH8II UT WOS:000336380800002 ER PT J AU Peters, MP Matthews, SN Iverson, LR Prasad, AM AF Peters, Matthew P. Matthews, Stephen N. Iverson, Louis R. Prasad, Anantha M. TI Delineating generalized species boundaries from species distribution data and a species distribution model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eastern United States; forest inventory and analysis; geoprocessing; R statistical language; tree ranges ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; TREE; IMPACTS; HABITAT; FORESTS AB Species distribution models (SDM) are commonly used to provide information about species ranges or extents, and often are intended to represent the entire area of potential occupancy or suitable habitat in which individuals occur. While SDMs can provide results over various geographic extents, they normally operate within a grid and cannot delimit distinct, smooth boundaries. Additionally, there are instances where a zone of primary occupancy (i.e., a mostly continuous region where species exists, excluding outliers) is better suited for particular analyses, such as when examining source/sink population dynamics or modeling movement into new habitats. We present a semi-automated method to delineate a generalized species boundary (GSB) from SDM output, which provides a practical alternative to digitizing. This preliminary boundary is then manually updated based on inventory data and historical ranges. We used the method to generate contemporary boundaries for 132 tree species of the eastern United States, which are complementary to the ranges generated by Elbert Little for North America during the 1970s, but are not replacements. The methods we present can broadly be applied to other grid-based SDM to generate GSBs. C1 [Peters, Matthew P.; Matthews, Stephen N.; Iverson, Louis R.; Prasad, Anantha M.] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Matthews, Stephen N.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Terr Wildlife Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Peters, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM matthewpeters@fs.fed.us RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009; Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X; NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 EI 1362-3087 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PY 2014 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 1547 EP 1560 DI 10.1080/13658816.2013.840381 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA AH8II UT WOS:000336380800003 ER PT J AU Williams, CJ Pierson, FB Robichaud, PR Boll, J AF Williams, C. Jason Pierson, Frederick B. Robichaud, Peter R. Boll, Jan TI Hydrologic and erosion responses to wildfire along the rangeland-xeric forest continuum in the western US: a review and model of hydrologic vulnerability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass, climate change, fire effects, grass-fire cycle, Great Basin, hydrologic risk, invasive plants, juniper, pinyon, runoff, sagebrush, wildland-urban interface, woodland encroachment. ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; CHEATGRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; POSTFIRE HILLSLOPE EROSION; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; DEBRIS-FLOW INITIATION; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE; STORM KING MOUNTAIN AB The recent increase in wildfire activity across the rangeland-xeric forest continuum in the western United States has landscape-scale consequences in terms of runoff and erosion. Concomitant cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasions, plant community transitions and a warming climate in recent decades along grassland-shrubland-woodland-xeric forest transitions have promoted frequent and large wildfires, and continuance of the trend appears likely if warming climate conditions prevail. These changes potentially increase overall hydrologic vulnerability by spatially and temporally increasing soil exposure to runoff and erosion processes. Plot and hillslope-scale studies demonstrate burning may increase event runoff or erosion by factors of 2-40 over small-plot scales and more than 100-fold over large-plot to hillslope scales. Reports of flooding and debris flow events from rangelands and xeric forests following burning show the potential risk to natural resources, property, infrastructure and human life. We present a conceptual model for evaluating post-fire hydrologic vulnerability and risk. We suggest that post-fire risk assessment of potential hydrologic hazards should adopt a probability-based approach that considers varying site susceptibility in conjunction with a range of potential storms and that determines the hydrologic response magnitudes likely to affect values-at-risk. Our review suggests that improved risk assessment requires better understanding in several key areas including quantification of interactions between varying storm intensities and measures of site susceptibility, the varying effects of soil water repellency, and the spatial scaling of post-fire hydrologic response across rangeland-xeric forest plant communities. C1 [Williams, C. Jason; Pierson, Frederick B.] ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Williams, C. Jason; Boll, Jan] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Robichaud, Peter R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Boll, Jan] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Williams, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM jason.williams@ars.usda.gov OI Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 FU Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) [66]; US Joint Fire Science Program; Bureau of Land Management; National Interagency Fire Center FX This is Contribution Number 66 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program, the Bureau of Land Management and the National Interagency Fire Center. The authors are grateful for the numerous recommendations by the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers that improved the clarity and content of the paper. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 196 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 53 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1071/WF12161 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AE6KJ UT WOS:000334100800001 ER PT J AU Parks, SA AF Parks, Sean A. TI Mapping day-of-burning with coarse-resolution satellite fire-detection data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire progression maps, MODIS, spatial interpolation, weather. ID RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; CANADIAN WILDFIRES; CARBON EMISSIONS; WEATHER; GROWTH; AREA; SEVERITY; MODIS; FUEL AB Evaluating the influence of observed daily weather on observed fire-related effects (e.g. smoke production, carbon emissions and burn severity) often involves knowing exactly what day any given area has burned. As such, several studies have used fire progression maps - in which the perimeter of an actively burning fire is mapped at a fairly high temporal resolution - or MODIS satellite data to determine the day-of-burning, thereby allowing an evaluation of the influence of daily weather. However, fire progression maps have many caveats, the most substantial being that they are rarely mapped on a daily basis and may not be available in remote locations. Although MODIS fire detection data provide an alternative due to its global coverage and high temporal resolution, its coarse spatial resolution (1km(2)) often requires that it be downscaled. An objective evaluation of how to best downscale, or interpolate, MODIS fire detection data is necessary. I evaluated 10 spatial interpolation techniques on 21 fires by comparing the day-of-burning as estimated with spatial interpolation of MODIS fire detection data to the day-of-burning that was recorded in fire progression maps. The day-of-burning maps generated with the best performing interpolation technique showed reasonably high quantitative and qualitative agreement with fire progression maps. Consequently, the methods described in this paper provide a viable option for producing day-of-burning data where fire progression maps are of poor quality or unavailable. C1 [Parks, Sean A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Parks, Sean A.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Parks, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM sean_parks@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX I thank A. Scalise for GIS assistance and S. Dobrowski, R. Keane, A. Larson, C. Miller, M-A. Parisien, B. Quale and C. Nelson for thoughtful comments that significantly improved this manuscript. I acknowledge National Fire Plan funding from the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1071/WF13138 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AE6KJ UT WOS:000334100800006 ER PT J AU Calkin, DE Stonesifer, CS Thompson, MP McHugh, CW AF Calkin, David E. Stonesifer, Crystal S. Thompson, Matthew P. McHugh, Charles W. TI Large airtanker use and outcomes in suppressing wildland fires in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE cost effectiveness; fire and aviation management ID WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; MODEL; CONTAINMENT; TRENDS AB Wildfire activity in the United States incurs substantial costs and losses, and presents challenges to federal, state, tribal and local agencies that have responsibility for wildfire management. Beyond the potential socioeconomic and ecological losses, and the monetary costs to taxpayers due to suppression, wildfire management is a dangerous occupation. Aviation resources, in particular large airtankers, currently play a critical role in wildfire management, and account for a relatively large share of both suppression expenditure and firefighting fatalities. A recent airtanker modernisation strategy released by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the US Department of Interior highlighted cost effectiveness as the fundamental tenet of both the replacement strategy and the use of aerial firefighting resources. However, determining the cost effectiveness of alternative airtanker fleets is challenging due to limited data and substantial uncertainty regarding aerial firefighting effectiveness. In this paper, we significantly expand on current airtanker usage and effectiveness knowledge, by incorporating spatially explicit drop location data linked to firefighting resource orders to better identify the period in the fire history when drops occurred, and through characterisation of the resulting outcomes of fires that received drops during initial attack. Our results confirm earlier work suggesting extensive use of large airtankers on extended attack, despite policy suggesting priority use in initial attack. Further, results suggest that containment rates for fires receiving large airtanker use during initial attack are quite low. We explore possible causes for these results, address potential limitations with our methods and data, and offer recommendations for improvements in data collection and aviation management. C1 [Calkin, David E.; Stonesifer, Crystal S.; Thompson, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [McHugh, Charles W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Calkin, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM decalkin@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.1071/WF13031 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AE6KJ UT WOS:000334100800010 ER PT J AU Butler, BW AF Butler, B. W. TI Wildland firefighter safety zones: a review of past science and summary of future needs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire intensity; firefighter safety; safety zones; wildland fire ID RADIANT-HEAT FLUX; FIRE SPREAD; FUEL BEDS; MODEL; BURNS; RADIATION; INJURY; WIND; CONVECTION; PROTECTION AB Current wildland firefighter safety zone guidelines are based on studies that assume flat terrain, radiant heating, finite flame width, constant flame temperature and high flame emissivity. Firefighter entrapments and injuries occur across a broad range of vegetation, terrain and atmospheric conditions generally when they are within two flame heights of the fire. Injury is not confined to radiant heating or flat terrain; consequently, convective heating should be considered as a potential heating mode. Current understanding of energy transport in wildland fires is briefly summarised, followed by an analysis of burn injury mechanisms within the context of wildland fire safety zones. Safety zone theoretical and experimental studies are reviewed and a selection of wildland fire entrapments are examined within the context of safe separation distances from fires. Recommendations are made for future studies needed to more fully understand and define wildland firefighter safety zones. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program; USA Forest Service; Brigham Young University FX This work was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program, the USA Forest Service and Brigham Young University. NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1071/WF13021 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AG5OJ UT WOS:000335468000001 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Boyd, CS Nafus, AM AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jon D. Boyd, Chad S. Nafus, Aleta M. TI Is fire exclusion in mountain big sagebrush communities prudent? Soil nutrient, plant diversity and arthropod response to burning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; biodiversity; disturbance; fire management; spatial heterogeneity ID NORTHERN GREAT-BASIN; SAGE-GROUSE HABITAT; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WESTERN JUNIPER; PRESCRIBED FIRE; DYNAMICS; STEPPE; COMPETITION; NITROGEN AB Fire has largely been excluded from many mountain big sagebrush communities. Managers are reluctant to reintroduce fire, especially in communities without significant conifer encroachment, because of the decline in sagebrush-associated wildlife. Given this management direction, a better understanding of fire exclusion and burning effects is needed. We compared burned to unburned plots at six sites in Oregon. Soil nutrient availability generally increased with burning. Plant diversity increased with burning in the first post-burn year, but decreased by the third post-burn year. Burning altered the arthropod community, which included doubling the density of arthropods in the first post-burn year. Some arthropod Orders increased and others decreased with burning. For example, Araneae were 1.7- and 1.8-fold less and Hemiptera were 6.6- and 2.1-fold greater in the burn compared with the control in 2008 and 2009. Our results provide evidence that burning can create spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sagebrush communities and thus, it is an important component of the ecosystem. We suggest that management plans for many mountain big sagebrush communities may need to include infrequent burning. At the very least managers should be aware that fire exclusion has some potentially negative effects other than the encroachment of conifers in these communities. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jon D.; Boyd, Chad S.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Nafus, Aleta M.] Oregon State Univ, Burns, OR 97770 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 39 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1071/WF13167 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AG5OJ UT WOS:000335468000012 ER PT J AU Singh, RK Senay, GB Velpuri, NM Bohms, S Scott, RL Verdin, JP AF Singh, Ramesh K. Senay, Gabriel B. Velpuri, Naga M. Bohms, Stefanie Scott, Russell L. Verdin, James P. TI Actual Evapotranspiration ( Water Use) Assessment of the Colorado River Basin at the Landsat Resolution Using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance Model SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; energy balance; geospatial analysis; hydrologic cycle; irrigation; Landsat; remote sensing; water use ID LATENT-HEAT FLUXES; EDDY-COVARIANCE; VEGETATION INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ECOSYSTEM; FLUXNET; TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; COEFFICIENTS; RESTORATION AB Accurately estimating consumptive water use in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) is important for assessing and managing limited water resources in the basin. Increasing water demand from various sectors may threaten long-term sustainability of the water supply in the arid southwestern United States. We have developed a first-ever basin-wide actual evapotranspiration (ETa) map of the CRB at the Landsat scale for water use assessment at the field level. We used the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for estimating ETa using 328 cloud-free Landsat images acquired during 2010. Our results show that cropland had the highest ETa among all land cover classes except for water. Validation using eddy covariance measured ETa showed that the SSEBop model nicely captured the variability in annual ETa with an overall R-2 of 0.78 and a mean bias error of about 10%. Comparison with water balance-based ETa showed good agreement (R-2 = 0.85) at the sub-basin level. Though there was good correlation (R-2 = 0.79) between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based ETa (1 km spatial resolution) and Landsat-based ETa (30 m spatial resolution), the spatial distribution of MODIS-based ETa was not suitable for water use assessment at the field level. In contrast, Landsat-based ETa has good potential to be used at the field level for water management. With further validation using multiple years and sites, our methodology can be applied for regular production of ETa maps of larger areas such as the conterminous United States. C1 [Singh, Ramesh K.; Velpuri, Naga M.] ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.; Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bohms, Stefanie] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), ASRC Fed InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rsingh@usgs.gov; senay@usgs.gov; nvelpuri@usgs.gov; sbohms@usgs.gov; russ.scott@ars.usda.gov; verdin@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the WaterSMART program [G23PC00028, G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contract G23PC00028 and G10PC00044 in support of the WaterSMART program. We acknowledge with thanks the internal review of the manuscript by Roger Auch, USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center. We gratefully acknowledge the use of Ameriflux data for our model validation. We are thankful to the four anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 233 EP 256 DI 10.3390/rs6010233 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AG6VF UT WOS:000335555900011 ER PT J AU Semmens, K Ramage, J AF Semmens, Kathryn Ramage, Joan TI Melt Patterns and Dynamics in Alaska and Patagonia Derived from Passive Microwave Brightness Temperatures SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE passive microwave; melt; remote sensing; glacier; icefield; melt regime ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTH-AMERICA; GLACIERS; ICEFIELDS; CLIMATE AB Glaciers and icefields are critical components of Earth's cryosphere to study and monitor for understanding the effects of a changing climate. To provide a regional perspective of glacier melt dynamics for the past several decades, brightness temperatures (T-b) from the passive microwave sensor Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) were used to characterize melt regime patterns over large glacierized areas in Alaska and Patagonia. The distinctness of the melt signal at 37V-GHz and the ability to acquire daily data regardless of clouds or darkness make the dataset ideal for studying melt dynamics in both hemispheres. A 24-year (1988-2011) time series of annual T-b histograms was constructed to (1) characterize and assess temporal and spatial trends in melt patterns, (2) determine years of anomalous T-b distribution, and (3) investigate potential contributing factors. Distance from coast and temperature were key factors influencing melt. Years of high percentage of positive T-b anomalies were associated with relatively higher stream discharge (e.g., Copper and Mendenhall Rivers, Alaska, USA and Rio Baker, Chile). The characterization of melt over broad spatial domains and a multi-decadal time period offers a more comprehensive picture of the changing cryosphere and provides a baseline from which to assess future change. C1 [Semmens, Kathryn] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Semmens, Kathryn; Ramage, Joan] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Semmens, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kalese@gmail.com; ramage@lehigh.edu FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Grant [NNX10AP14H] FX We thank the National Snow and Ice Data Center for providing EASE-Grid SSM/I and SSMIS data. Landsat ETM+ pan sharpened mosaic provided by the U. S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center. NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Discharge data provided by USGS National Water Information System. Air temperature data provided by the NCDC Climate Services Branch Global Summary of the Day. SRTM data provided by NASA. The manuscript was improved by thoughtful suggestions from four anonymous reviewers. Semmens was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Grant "NNX10AP14H". USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 603 EP 620 DI 10.3390/rs6010603 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AG6VF UT WOS:000335555900026 ER PT J AU Luo, J Pan, YB Xu, LP Zhang, H Yuan, ZN Deng, ZH Chen, RK Que, YX AF Luo, Jun Pan, Yong-Bao Xu, Liping Zhang, Hua Yuan, Zhaonian Deng, Zuhu Chen, Rukai Que, Youxiong TI Cultivar Evaluation and Essential Test Locations Identification for Sugarcane Breeding in China SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GGE-BIPLOT; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; AMMI; STABILITY AB The discrepancies across test sites and years, along with the interaction between cultivar and environment, make it difficult to accurately evaluate the differences of the sugarcane cultivars. Using a genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE) Biplot software, the yield performance data of seven sugarcane cultivars in the 8th Chinese National Sugarcane Regional Tests were analyzed to identify cultivars recommended for commercial release. Fn38 produced a high and stable sugar yield. Gn02-70 had the lowest cane yield with high stability. Yz06-407 was a high cane yield cultivar with poor stability in sugar yield. Yz05-51 and Lc03-1137 had an unstable cane yield but relatively high sugar yield. Fn39 produced stable high sugar yield with low and unstable cane production. Significantly different sugar and cane yields were observed across seasons due to strong cultivar-environment interactions. Three areas, Guangxi Chongzuo, Guangxi Baise, and Guangxi Hechi, showed better representativeness of cane yield and sugar content than the other four areas. On the other hand, the areas Guangxi Chongzuo, Yunnan Lincang, and Yunnan Baoshan showed strong discrimination ability, while the areas Guangxi Hechi and Guangxi Liuzhou showed poor discrimination ability. This study provides a reference for cultivar evaluation and essential test locations identification for sugarcane breeding in China. C1 [Luo, Jun; Xu, Liping; Zhang, Hua; Yuan, Zhaonian; Deng, Zuhu; Chen, Rukai; Que, Youxiong] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. [Pan, Yong-Bao] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Xu, LP (reprint author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. EM xlpmail@126.com; queyouxiong@hotmail.com OI Que, Youxiong/0000-0003-1111-5834; Pan, Yong-Bao/0000-0001-5133-1342 FU earmarked fund for the Modern Agriculture Technology of China [CARS-20]; 948 Program on the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technique of Department of Agriculture [2014-S18] FX This work was supported by the earmarked fund for the Modern Agriculture Technology of China (CARS-20) and the 948 Program on the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technique of Department of Agriculture (2014-S18). The authors thank Luguang Wu, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, for editorial comments during the paper preparation. The authors also would like to thank all the people and sugarcane institutions involved in the 8th Chinese National Varietal Regional Tests of Sugarcane for contributions to the field trials and data collection. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2014 AR 302753 DI 10.1155/2014/302753 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI0PJ UT WOS:000336549400001 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP AF Thompson, Matthew P. TI Social, Institutional, and Psychological Factors Affecting Wildfire Incident Decision Making SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE decision support; human factors; risk; uncertainty; wildfire management ID FIRE MANAGEMENT; RISK; UNCERTAINTY; PRESSURE AB Managing wildland fire incidents can be fraught with complexity and uncertainty. Myriad human factors can exert significant influence on incident decision making, and can contribute additional uncertainty regarding programmatic evaluations of wildfire management and attainment of policy goals. This article develops a framework within which human sources of uncertainty in wildfire management can be classified and managed, specifically identifying social, institutional, and psychological factors that can affect wildland fire incident decision making. These factors are reviewed in the context of wildland fire incident management and the literature regarding fire manager decision making. I then provide specific recommendations for addressing these issues, with a focus on improving incident decision processes. Extending this framework to consider a broader set of human factors and to consider how human factors affect the broader wildfire management spectrum could lead to improved fire management outcomes. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 6 BP 636 EP 644 DI 10.1080/08941920.2014.901460 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA AH9BN UT WOS:000336434100005 ER PT J AU Mamedov, AI Bar-Yosef, B Levkovich, I Rosenberg, R Silber, A Fine, P Levy, GJ AF Mamedov, A. I. Bar-Yosef, B. Levkovich, I. Rosenberg, R. Silber, A. Fine, P. Levy, G. J. TI Amending soil with sludge, manure, humic acid, orthophosphate and phytic acid: effects on aggregate stability SO SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aggregate stability; biosolids; high-energy moisture characteristic; humic acid; manure; slaking; sludge ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CLAY MINERALOGY; SEAL FORMATION; INFILTRATION; CARBON; FLOCCULATION; SUBSTANCES; PHOSPHORUS; ADSORPTION AB Recycling of organic wastes via their incorporation in cultivated lands is known to alter soil structural stability. Aggregate stability tests are commonly used to express quantitatively the susceptibility of soil structural stability to deformation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biosolids addition, namely composted manure (MC) and activated sludge (AS), and spiking of the soils with orthophosphate (OP), phytic acid (PA) or humic acid (HA), on soil aggregate stability of semi-arid loamy sand, loam and clay soils before and after subjecting the soils to six rain storms (each 30mm rain with a break of 3-4 days). Aggregate stability was determined from water-retention curves at high matric potential. The effects of the applied amendments on pre- and post-rain aggregate stability were inconsistent and soil-dependent. For the pre-rain state, all of the tested amendments improved aggregate stability relative to the control. For the post-rain condition, aggregate stability was lower in the MC, OP and PA treatments and higher in the AS and HA treatments than in the control. The coarse-textured loam and loamy sand soils were more affected by the soil amendments than the clay soil. For the pre-rain state, addition of organic matter significantly improved macro-porosity and hence the stability of apparent macro-aggregate (>250m). Our results indicate a possible advantage for separation of aggregates into macro- and micro-aggregates for more precise evaluation and understanding of the effects organic amendments might have on aggregate stability. C1 [Mamedov, A. I.; Bar-Yosef, B.; Levkovich, I.; Rosenberg, R.; Silber, A.; Fine, P.; Levy, G. J.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Mamedov, A. I.] Selcuk Univ, TR-42250 Ardicli Mh, Konya, Turkey. [Mamedov, A. I.] USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Mamedov, AI (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM amrakh03@yahoo.com NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 33 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1838-675X EI 1838-6768 J9 SOIL RES JI Soil Res. PY 2014 VL 52 IS 4 BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1071/SR13334 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AG6HC UT WOS:000335518700001 ER PT J AU Ruttanaprasert, R Banterng, P Jogloy, S Vorasoot, N Kesmala, T Kanwar, RS Holbrook, CC Patanothai, A AF Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira Banterng, Poramate Jogloy, Sanun Vorasoot, Nimitr Kesmala, Thawan Kanwar, Rameshwar S. Holbrook, Carl Corley Patanothai, Aran TI Genotypic variability for tuber yield, biomass, and drought tolerance in Jerusalem artichoke germplasm SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Drought; bioethanol; inulin ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; L.; GROWTH; FERMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; STRESS AB Jerusalem artichoke could be an alternative feedstock for bioenergy during times when there are shortages of other raw materials for the ethanol industry. However, insufficient water under rainfed conditions is a major cause of Jerusalem artichoke losses. Genetic variation for drought tolerance is an essential prerequisite for the development of Jerusalem artichoke cultivars with improved drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of drought stress on tuber dry weight and biomass and to investigate the genotypic variability in Jerusalem artichoke germplasm. The line-source sprinkler technique was used to compare moisture responses of a range of 40 Jerusalem artichoke genotypes grown using 3 water levels. Experiments were conducted on a Yasothon soil series in Northeast Thailand during 2010/11 and 2011/12 and included extended dry periods. Drought reduced tuber dry weight and biomass, and the reductions in tuber dry weight and biomass were greater under severe drought than moderate drought conditions. Over both seasons, CN 52867, HEL 53, HEL 231, HEL 335, JA 76, HEL 65, and JA 102 x JA 89 (8) had consistently high tuber dry weight (1.3 to 4.5 t ha(-1)) and HEL 53, HEL 61, HEL 231, HEL 335, JA 76, JA 15, JA 89, HEL 65, HEL 256, and JA 102 x JA 89 (8) had consistently high biomass (2.0 to 6.8 t ha(-1)). These Jerusalem artichoke genotypes are promising parents in breeding for drought tolerance. C1 [Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira; Banterng, Poramate; Jogloy, Sanun; Vorasoot, Nimitr; Kesmala, Thawan; Patanothai, Aran] Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Fac Agr, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Jogloy, Sanun] Khon Kaen Univ, Peanut & Jerusalem Artichoke Improvement Funct Fo, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Kanwar, Rameshwar S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Holbrook, Carl Corley] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Banterng, P (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Fac Agr, Khon Kaen, Thailand. EM pbanterng@hotmail.com FU Khon Kaen University [PHD/0026/2551]; Thailand Research Fund [PHD/0026/2551]; Peanut and Jerusalem Artichoke Improvement for Functional Food Research Group under the Khon Kaen University Research Fund; Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand; Office of the Higher Education Commission, through the Food and Functional Food Research Cluster of Khon Kaen University; commission for Higher Education; Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture at Khon Kaen University; Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program [PHD/0026/2551]; Faculty of Agriculture FX This research was funded by the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program (jointly funded by Khon Kaen University and the Thailand Research Fund) (grant no. PHD/0026/2551); the Peanut and Jerusalem Artichoke Improvement for Functional Food Research Group under the Khon Kaen University Research Fund; the Thailand Research Fund; the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission, through the Food and Functional Food Research Cluster of Khon Kaen University; the commission for Higher Education; and Khon Kaen University, through the Distinguished Research Professor Grant of Professor Dr Aran Patanothai. It was also supported in part by the Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture at Khon Kaen University. Acknowledgment is also extended to Khon Kaen University and Faculty of Agriculture for providing financial support for manuscript preparation activities. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-011X EI 1303-6173 J9 TURK J AGRIC FOR JI Turk. J. Agric. For. PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 570 EP 580 DI 10.3906/tar-1310-43 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA AH6MQ UT WOS:000336245400016 ER PT J AU Barba, M Czosnek, H Hadidi, A AF Barba, Marina Czosnek, Henryk Hadidi, Ahmed TI Historical Perspective, Development and Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing in Plant Virology SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE next-generation (deep) sequencing; NGS; novel virus/viroid discovery; metagenomics; virome; transcriptome; DNA sequencing; RNA sequencing (RNA-seq.) ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; SMALL-RNAS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SIRNA BIOGENESIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; DNA VIRUS; GRAPEVINE; REVEALS; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION AB Next-generation high throughput sequencing technologies became available at the onset of the 21st century. They provide a highly efficient, rapid, and low cost DNA sequencing platform beyond the reach of the standard and traditional DNA sequencing technologies developed in the late 1970s. They are continually improved to become faster, more efficient and cheaper. They have been used in many fields of biology since 2004. In 2009, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies began to be applied to several areas of plant virology including virus/viroid genome sequencing, discovery and detection, ecology and epidemiology, replication and transcription. Identification and characterization of known and unknown viruses and/or viroids in infected plants are currently among the most successful applications of these technologies. It is expected that NGS will play very significant roles in many research and non-research areas of plant virology. C1 [Barba, Marina] Ctr Ric Patol Vegetale, Consiglio Ric & Sperimentaz Agr, I-00156 Rome, Italy. [Czosnek, Henryk] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Hadidi, Ahmed] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barba, M (reprint author), Ctr Ric Patol Vegetale, Consiglio Ric & Sperimentaz Agr, Via CG Bertero 22, I-00156 Rome, Italy. EM marina.barba@entecra.it; hanokh.czosnek@mail.huji.ac.il; ahadidi@yahoo.com NR 106 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 46 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 106 EP 136 DI 10.3390/v6010106 PG 31 WC Virology SC Virology GA AH4JM UT WOS:000336093200006 PM 24399207 ER PT J AU Riaz, S Lund, K Lin, H Walker, MA AF Riaz, S. Lund, K. Lin, Hong Walker, M. A. TI Development and characterization of a large set of microsatellite markers for grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE Daktulosphaira vitifoliae; Vitis; SSR markers; population dynamics; microsatellite markers; phylloxera grape; host parasite interactions ID SEQUENCE REPEAT LOCI; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; GENOTYPING ERRORS; DNA; REPRODUCTION; AUSTRALIA; EUROPE; PEST AB This study describes novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers from a genomic DNA sequence of the grape phylloxera. A total of 130 SSR primers were designed from 145 unique sequences with di, tri, tetra and penta simple sequence repeats. The SSR primers were tested on DNA from 10 grape phylloxera strains chosen for their behavioral and geographic diversity. Eighty-nine primers generated easy to score alleles with standardized conditions of amplification. Twenty-eight new and four previously published markers were selected to genotype 32 root and leaf phylloxera samples in order to identify reliable markers for future genetic diversity and phylloxera population studies. SSR data from these samples was also used to determine the frequency of null alleles, and locus specific estimates of population differentiation and clustering. Up to six alleles were detected with a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.51. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.73 and the majority of markers had higher Ho values. Null alleles for four markers were considered to be the result of homozygous genotypes. The 89 SSR loci developed in this study represent a new and informative set of markers that are easy to combine for multi-loading and suitable for large-scale genetic analyses of population structure, genetic diversity, and the origin of host specific strains in grape phylloxera. C1 [Riaz, S.; Lund, K.; Walker, M. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. RP Walker, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM awalker@ucdavis.edu FU California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission; California Grapevine Rootstock Research Foundation; California Department of Food and Agriculture Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board; California Table Grape Commission; American Vineyard Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge research funding from the California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission, the California Grapevine Rootstock Research Foundation, the California Department of Food and Agriculture Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board, the California Table Grape Commission, and the American Vineyard Foundation. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of M. PETERSEN. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU JKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNG PI SIEBELDINGEN PA GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AH6KX UT WOS:000336240900006 ER PT J AU Zeng, QD Yuan, FP Xu, X Shi, X Nie, XJ Zhuang, H Chen, XM Wang, ZH Wang, XJ Huang, LL Han, DJ Kang, ZS AF Zeng, Qingdong Yuan, Fengping Xu, Xin Shi, Xue Nie, Xiaojun Zhuang, Hua Chen, Xianming Wang, Zhonghua Wang, Xiaojie Huang, Lili Han, Dejun Kang, Zhensheng TI Construction and Characterization of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library for the Hexaploid Wheat Line 92R137 SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; PHYSICAL MAP CONSTRUCTION; BAC LIBRARY; BREAD WHEAT; DURABLE RESISTANCE; CLONING GENES; GENOMIC DNA AB For map-based cloning of genes conferring important traits in the hexaploid wheat line 92R137, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, including two sublibraries, was constructed using the genomic DNA of 92R137 digested with restriction enzymes HindIII and BamHI. The BAC library was composed of total 765,696 clones, of which 390,144 were from the HindIII digestion and 375,552 from the BamHI digestion. Through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of 453 clones randomly selected from the HindIII sublibrary and 573 clones from the BamHI sublibrary, the average insert sizes were estimated as 129 and 113 kb, respectively. Thus, the HindIII sublibrary was estimated to have a 3.01-fold coverage and the BamHI sublibrary a 2.53-fold coverage based on the estimated hexaploid wheat genome size of 16,700Mb. The 765,696 clones were arrayed in 1,994 384-well plates. All clones were also arranged into plate pools and further arranged into 5-dimensional (5D) pools. The probability of identifying a clone corresponding to any wheat DNA sequence (such as gene Yr26 for stripe rust resistance) from the library was estimated to be more than 99.6%. Through polymerase chain reaction screening the 5D pools with Xwe173, a marker tightly linked to Yr26, six BAC clones were successfully obtained. These results demonstrate that the BAC library is a valuable genomic resource for positional cloning of Yr26 and other genes of interest. C1 [Zeng, Qingdong; Yuan, Fengping; Xu, Xin; Shi, Xue; Nie, Xiaojun; Zhuang, Hua; Wang, Zhonghua; Wang, Xiaojie; Huang, Lili; Han, Dejun; Kang, Zhensheng] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Qingdong; Zhuang, Hua; Wang, Xiaojie; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Fengping; Xu, Xin; Shi, Xue; Nie, Xiaojun; Wang, Zhonghua; Han, Dejun] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Agron, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Zeng, Qingdong/H-7208-2014 OI Zeng, Qingdong/0000-0002-7856-2340 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB127700]; National Major Project of Breeding for New Transgenic Organisms in China [2011ZX08002-001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31371924]; 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China [B07049] FX This study was sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2013CB127700), the National Major Project of Breeding for New Transgenic Organisms in China (2011ZX08002-001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371924), and the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049). NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-6133 EI 2314-6141 J9 BIOMED RES INT JI Biomed Res. Int. PY 2014 AR 845806 DI 10.1155/2014/845806 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AH6DQ UT WOS:000336221300001 ER PT J AU Anandhi, A Srinivas, VV Kumar, DN Nanjundiah, RS Gowda, PH AF Anandhi, Aavudai Srinivas, V. V. Kumar, D. Nagesh Nanjundiah, Ravi S. Gowda, Prasanna H. TI Climate change scenarios of surface solar radiation in data sparse regions: a case study in Malaprabha River Basin, India SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Downscaling; Modified Hargreaves and Donatelli-Bellocchi methods; Support vector machine; SVM; IPCC SRES scenarios; Cloud cover downscaling ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; IPCC SRES SCENARIOS; PRECIPITATION; MODELS; TEMPERATURES; REGRESSION; MAXIMUM; TRENDS; TURKEY AB A variety of methods are available to estimate future solar radiation (SR) scenarios at spatial scales that are appropriate for local climate change impact assessment. However, there are no clear guidelines available in the literature to decide which methodologies are most suitable for different applications. Three methodologies to guide the estimation of SR are discussed in this study, namely: Case 1: SR is measured, Case 2: SR is measured but sparse and Case 3: SR is not measured. In Case 1, future SR scenarios are derived using several downscaling methodologies that transfer the simulated large-scale information of global climate models to a local scale ( measurements). In Case 2, the SR was first estimated at the local scale for a longer time period using sparse measured records, and then future scenarios were derived using several downscaling methodologies. In Case 3: the SR was first estimated at a regional scale for a longer time period using complete or sparse measured records of SR from which SR at the local scale was estimated. Finally, the future scenarios were derived using several downscaling methodologies. The lack of observed SR data, especially in developing countries, has hindered various climate change impact studies. Hence, this was further elaborated by applying the Case 3 methodology to a semi-arid Malaprabha reservoir catchment in southern India. A support vector machine was used in downscaling SR. Future monthly scenarios of SR were estimated from simulations of third-generation Canadian General Circulation Model (CGCM3) for various SRES emission scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, and COMMIT). Results indicated a projected decrease of 0.4 to 12.2 W m(-2) yr(-1) in SR during the period 2001-2100 across the 4 scenarios. SR was calculated using the modified Hargreaves method. The decreasing trends for the future were in agreement with the simulations of SR from the CGCM3 model directly obtained for the 4 scenarios. C1 [Anandhi, Aavudai; Srinivas, V. V.; Kumar, D. Nagesh] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Civil Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Kumar, D. Nagesh] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Earth Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Nanjundiah, Ravi S.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Nanjundiah, Ravi S.] Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Gowda, Prasanna H.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Kumar, DN (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Civil Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM nagesh@civil.iisc.ernet.in RI D, Nagesh Kumar/G-5114-2013 OI D, Nagesh Kumar/0000-0002-5294-8501 FU National Science Foundation [EPS-0903806]; State of Kansas through the Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation; Dept of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, through AISRF Project [DST/INT/AUS/P-27/2009]; Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India [MoES/ATMOS/PP-IX/09.]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. [12-292-J] FX Support from the Drought Monitoring Cell, Government of Karnataka, is gratefully acknowledged. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. EPS-0903806 and matching support from the State of Kansas through the Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation; by the Dept of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, through AISRF Project No. DST/INT/AUS/P-27/2009; and by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, through Project No. MoES/ATMOS/PP-IX/09. This is Contribution Number 12-292-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.3354/cr01180 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0RO UT WOS:000335828100006 ER PT J AU Amezquita-Lopez, BA Quinones, B Lee, BG Chaidez, C AF Amezquita-Lopez, Bianca A. Quinones, Beatriz Lee, Bertram G. Chaidez, Cristobal TI Virulence profiling of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli recovered from domestic farm animals in Northwestern Mexico SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; STEC; virulence genes; Shiga toxin; Vero cells; Mexico; zoonosis; foodborne pathogen ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; 2 VARIANTS; SHEA GENE; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; HUMANS; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic enteric pathogen that causes human gastrointestinal illnesses. The present study characterized the virulence profiles of O157 and non-O157 STEC strains, recovered from domestic animals in small rural farms within the agricultural Culiacan Valley in Mexico. Virulence genes coding for adhesins, cytotoxins, proteases, subtypes of Shiga toxin (Stx), and other effectors were identified in the STEC strains by PCR. The genotyping analysis revealed the presence of the effectors nleA, nleB, nleE, and nleH1-2, espK, and espN in the O157:H7 and O111:H8 STEC strains. Furthermore, the genes encoding the autoagglutinating adhesin (Saa) and subtilase (SubA) were exclusively identified in the O8:H19 eae-negative strains. The adhesin (iha) and the silent hemolysin (sheA) genes were detected in 79% of the O157 and non-O157 strains. To examine the relative toxicities of the STEC strains, a fluorescent Vero cell line, Vero-d2EGFPs, was employed to measure the inhibition of protein synthesis by Stx. Analysis of culture supernatants from serotype O8:H19 strains with the stx gene profile stBa, stx(2a), and stx2, and serotypes O75:H8 and O146:H8 strains with the stx gene profile stxi a, stxic, and stx(2b), resulted in a significant reduction in the Vero-d2EGFP fluorescent signal. These observations suggest that these non-O157 strains may have an enhanced ability to inhibit protein synthesis in Vero cells. Interestingly, analysis of the stx(2c)-positive O157:H7 strains resulted in a high fluorescent signal, indicating a reduced toxicity in the Vero-d2EGFP cells. These findings indicate that the O157 and non-O157 STEC strains, recovered in the Culiacan Valley, display distinct virulence profiles and relative toxicities in mammalian cells and have provided information for evaluating risks associated with zoonotic STEC in this agricultural region in Mexico. C1 [Amezquita-Lopez, Bianca A.; Chaidez, Cristobal] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Culiacan, Mexico. [Quinones, Beatriz; Lee, Bertram G.] USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quinones, B (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St,WAB 214L, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM beatriz.quinones@ars.usda.gov; chaqui@ciad.edu.mx FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-047-00D]; National Council of Science and Technology in Mexico (CONACyT) [234885] FX This work was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project number 5325-42000-047-00D and by a Postgraduate Studies Scholarship from The National Council of Science and Technology in Mexico (CONACyT grant #234885) to Bianca A. Amezquita-Lopez. The authors would like to thank Celida Martinez (CIAD in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico) for excellent technical assistance. NR 84 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2235-2988 J9 FRONT CELL INFECT MI JI Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 AR 7 DI 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00007 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA AH4SX UT WOS:000336119500006 PM 24551599 ER PT J AU Ip, BC Wang, XD AF Ip, Blanche C. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Lycopene Intervention SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Review DE apolycopenoids; carotene oxygenases; inflammation; lipid metabolism; liver cancer; lycopene; NAFLD; NASH; oxidative stress; sirtuin ID FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HUMAN HEPATOMA-CELLS; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; 2ND PRIMARY TUMORS; X-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BETA-CAROTENE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB Increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the consequences of the current obesity epidemic. NAFLD is a major form of chronic liver disease that is highly prevalent in obese and overweight adults and children. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of NAFLD, and uncontrolled inflammation as displayed in NASH has been identified as one of the key events in enhancing hepatic carcinogenesis. Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid and the pigment principally responsible for the characteristic deep-red color of ripe tomato and tomato products, as well as some fruits and vegetables. Lycopene's innate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have generated research interests on its capacity to protect against human diseases that are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, differential mechanisms of lycopene metabolism including endogenous cleavage by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (BCOs), generate lycopene metabolites that may also have significant impact on human disease development. However, it remains to be elucidated as to whether lycopene or its metabolites apolycopenoids have protective effects against obesity-related complications including inflammation and tumorigenesis. This article summarizes the in vivo experiments that elucidated molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review also provides an overview of lycopene metabolism, and the molecular pathways involved in the potential beneficial properties of lycopene and apolycopenoids. More research is clearly needed to fully unravel the importance of BCOs in tomato carotenoid metabolism and the consequence on human health and diseases. C1 [Ip, Blanche C.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ip, Blanche C.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Biochem & Mol Nutr Program, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM blanche.ip@tufts.edu; Xiang-Dong.Wang@tufts.edu OI IP, Blanche C/0000-0003-0063-5535 FU NIH [CA104932]; USDA/ARS [1950-51000-074S] FX Supported by the NIH grant CA104932 and USDA/ARS grant 1950-51000-074S. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. We apologize for those primary works that could not be cited due to the scope of this review and space constraints. NR 242 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 124 EP 162 DI 10.3390/nu6010124 PG 39 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AF7RX UT WOS:000334913400010 PM 24379011 ER PT J AU Hardin, RG AF Hardin, R. G. TI PNEUMATIC CONVEYING OF SEED COTTON: MINIMUM VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Cotton; Electricity; Energy; Ginning; Pneumatic conveying; Saltation velocity AB Electricity is a major cost for cotton gins, representing approximately 20% of variable costs. Fans used for pneumatic conveying consume the majority of electricity at cotton gins. Development of control systems to reduce the air velocity used for conveying seed cotton could significantly decrease electricity use and cost. A greater understanding of the pneumatic conveying characteristics of seed cotton is necessary for development of these systems. A negative pressure conveying system was constructed with a feed control, conveying pipe, separator, and fan. Air velocity was measured at the system inlet and in the conveying section when testing with air only. A differential pressure measurement was taken in the conveying pipe, and temperature and relative humidity were recorded. Two pipe diameters, two cultivars, two moisture content levels, and three seed cotton feed rates were included in the experimental design. Seed cotton was fed into the conveying system, and the fan speed was decreased until choking occurred. The minimum differential pressure measurement indicated the saltation velocity. A segmented linear model was fit to the log transformed data to identify the mass flow ratio and Froude number (Fr) corresponding to the minimum pressure. This model accurately fit the data (R-2 = 0.88) and resulted in the following equation for finding the saltation velocity: phi = 8.90 x 10(-5) x Fr-min(5.04), where Fr-min is the Fr at the saltation velocity. The solids resistance factor at velocities greater than saltation was found to be 0.179 x Fr-1. This model had an R-2 of 0.91 and predicted the pressure drop with 14.2% error. Pipe diameter, cultivar, and moisture content level did not have a practically significant effect on the models developed to predict saltation velocity or the solids resistance factor. These models may be useful in designing control systems for cotton gin conveying systems, resulting in significant electricity and cost savings. C1 ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hardin, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bobby.hardin@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 391 EP 400 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600006 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Agam, N Tolk, JA Evett, SR Howell, TA Gowda, PH O'Shaughnessy, SA Kustas, WP Anderson, MC AF Colaizzi, P. D. Agam, N. Tolk, J. A. Evett, S. R. Howell, T. A. Gowda, P. H. O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Kustas, W. P. Anderson, M. C. TI TWO-SOURCE ENERGY BALANCE MODEL TO CALCULATE E, T, AND ET: COMPARISON OF PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR AND PENMAN-MONTEITH FORMULATIONS AND TWO TIME SCALING METHODS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Energy balance model; Evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Remote sensing; Texas; Transpiration ID OF-DAY MEASUREMENTS; CROP WATER-STRESS; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ROW CROPS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; AGRICULTURAL AREA; SEMIARID CLIMATE; RADIATION MODEL AB The two-source energy balance (TSEB) model calculates the energy balance of the soil-canopy-atmosphere continuum, where transpiration is initially determined by the Priestley-Taylor equation. The TSEB was revised recently using the Penman-Monteith equation to replace the Priestley-Taylor formulation, thus better accounting for the impact of large and varying vapor pressure deficits (VPD) typical of advective, semiarid climates. This study is a comparison of the Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith versions of the TSEB (termed TSEB-PT and TSEB-PM, respectively). Evaporation (E), transpiration (T), and evapotranspiration (ET) calculated by the TSEB-PT and TSEB-PM versions were compared to measurements obtained with microlysimeters, sap flow gauges, and weighing lysimeters, respectively, for fully irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at Bushland, Texas. Radiometric surface temperature (T-R) was used to calculate E, T, and ET in both TSEB versions in 15 min intervals and summed to intervals coinciding with times of measurements. In addition, a one-time-of-day T-R measurement was used (9:45, 11:15, 12:45, 14:15, or 15:45 CST), and E, T, and ET were calculated for the appropriate measurement interval (i. e., daytime, nighttime, and 24 h) using the time scaling methods based on reference ET (TSCET) and reference temperature (TSCTEMP). Measured average values of E, T, and ET during the study period were 0.94 mm (24 h), 6.9 mm (7:00 to 22:00 CST), and 7.2 mm (24 h), respectively. The TSEB-PT consistently overestimated E and underestimated T, with RMSE/MBE of up to 2.8/1.8 mm and 4.1/-3.9 mm, respectively. In comparison, the TSEB-PM greatly reduced discrepancies between calculations and measurements, with respective RMSE/MBE for E and T of only up to 1.5/0.79 mm and 1.3/+/- 0.76 mm, respectively. For 24 h ET, the TSEB-PT resulted in maximum RMSE/MBE of 3.2/-1.9 mm, and the TSEB-PM had maximum RMSE/MBE of 1.7/0.95 mm. Daytime ET model agreement was very similar for both model versions (RMSE/MBE usually <1.1/<+/- 1.0 mm). However, the TSEB-PT consistently calculated negative nighttime ET of up to - 2.0 mm. Summed 15 min calculations generally had better agreement with measurements than did the TSCET or TSCTEMP methods, and results did not greatly differ for TSCET or TSCTEMP. Both time scaling methods were not very sensitive to the T-R measurement time used, although morning (9:45 CST) T-R measurement times did not perform as well as the other times. C1 [Colaizzi, P. D.; Tolk, J. A.; Evett, S. R.; Howell, T. A.; Gowda, P. H.; O'Shaughnessy, S. A.] ARS, USDA, CPRL, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Agam, N.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Kustas, W. P.; Anderson, M. C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPRL, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM paul.colaizzi@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; FU USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management; Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management, and in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. We thank the numerous biological technicians and student workers for their meticulous and dedicated efforts in executing experiments and obtaining and processing data. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 479 EP 498 PG 20 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600012 ER PT J AU Marek, GW Evett, SR Gowda, PH Howell, TH Copeland, KS Baumhardt, RL AF Marek, G. W. Evett, S. R. Gowda, P. H. Howell, T. H. Copeland, K. S. Baumhardt, R. L. TI POST-PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING ERRORS IN WEIGHING LYSIMETER EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET) DATASETS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Crop coefficient; Data processing; ET; Evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation scheduling; QA/QC; Quality assurance and quality control ID CROP WATER-USE; FLUX; PERFORMANCE; ACCURACY; FIELD AB In agriculture, evapotranspiration (ET) is a major consumptive use of irrigation water and precipitation on cropland. Global interest in sustainable management of limited freshwater supplies to meet increased food demand has resulted in increased reporting of ET measurement and modeling methods in the literature. Direct measurements of ET by large weighing lysimeters are commonly used to test other ET measurement and estimation methods. Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of proper lysimeter design and management for accurate ET measurement. However, equally important and noticeably absent from the literature are guidelines for data collection, processing, analysis, and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) measures. Omission and/or inadequate attention to these processes can have significant impacts on the accuracy of ET derived from large weighing lysimeters. Improper processing of rainfall, irrigation, snowfall, dew and frost accumulation, wind, and management events can also lead to substantial errors. In this study, we present data processing strategies and techniques for ET datasets measured using large weighing lysimeters. Measurements from two large lysimeters built and managed by the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL) in Bushland, Texas, were used for this purpose. Examples used in the study demonstrate that indiscriminate application of smoothing functions, misidentification, and misinterpretation of changes in lysimeter mass can lead to significant errors and erroneous conclusions. Comprehensive record keeping is paramount in documenting lysimeter status and operations. Errors associated with data processing are dataset specific, corresponding to the magnitude, duration, and frequency of occurrences of the aforementioned events. Understanding and prudent application of the presented techniques and QA/QC procedures can help to minimize errors in processing lysimeter datasets. C1 [Marek, G. W.; Evett, S. R.; Gowda, P. H.; Howell, T. H.; Copeland, K. S.; Baumhardt, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. RP Marek, GW (reprint author), PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM gary.marek@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 499 EP 515 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600013 ER PT J AU Barnhart, BL Whittaker, GW Ficklin, DL AF Barnhart, B. L. Whittaker, G. W. Ficklin, D. L. TI IMPROVED STREAM TEMPERATURE SIMULATIONS IN SWAT USING NSGA-II FOR AUTOMATIC MULTI-SITE CALIBRATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Genetic algorithms; Model calibration; NSGA-II; Stream temperature; SWAT ID LAND-USE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER-BASIN; VALIDATION; ALGORITHMS; VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT AB Stream temperature is one of the most influential parameters impacting the survival, growth rates, distribution, and migration patterns of many aquatic organisms. Distributed stream temperature models are crucial for providing insights into variations of stream temperature for regions and time periods for which observed data do not exist. This study uses a relatively new stream temperature model incorporated into a modified version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in order to simulate stream temperatures at five sites on the Calapooia River within the Calapooia basin in northwest Oregon. The Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used to calibrate flow at a single outlet and stream temperatures at five sites. Few studies have calibrated this stream temperature model for different basins, and this is the first demonstration of an automatic, subbasin-level calibration for stream temperature at multiple sites. The subbasin calibration is shown to better match the observed data than the original SWAT temperature model as well as the modified temperature model calibrated basinwide. In addition to providing improved stream temperature simulations for the Calapooia River, the subbasin-level automatic calibration technique extends the applicability of the model, especially for complex basins with large spatial variability of topography, land use, and soil type. C1 [Barnhart, B. L.; Whittaker, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ficklin, D. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Barnhart, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3450 Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bradleybarnhart@gmail.com NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 517 EP 530 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600014 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Martin, JH Novak, JM AF Cantrell, K. B. Martin, J. H., II Novak, J. M. TI POULTRY LITTER AND SWITCHGRASS BLENDING FOR BIOCHAR PRODUCTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Manure management; Pyrolysis; Thermochemical conversion; Thermogravimetric analysis ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; CHICKEN MANURE; WHEAT-STRAW; DEVOLATILIZATION; ADSORPTION; NITROGEN; CHARCOAL; PELLETS AB Biochars for both soil improvement and bioenergy applications are affected by the choice of both the parent feedstock and the pyrolysis temperature. As such, controlling these two variables may yield an ideal product with engineered properties-a "designer biochar." The potential for a designer biochar comes from its ability to combine the properties of manure-based biochars, which are nutrient-rich and alkaline, with lignocellulosic biochars, which are carbon-rich and neutral to acidic. In this study, two such feedstocks (poultry litter and switchgrass) were blended at different ratios (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% litter), pelletized (6 mm diameter), and then subjected to slow pyrolysis at different temperatures (350 degrees C, 500 degrees C, and 700 degrees C) to create test biochars. The biochars were tested for energy characteristics, pellet durability, and proximate composition. The results indicated that the blended biochars had lower pH, electrical conductivity, and ash contents than the pure poultry litter biochars. This suggests that a blended biochar is more appropriate for soil application. The blended biochars also had higher energy content (HHV), and the rate of mass loss during combustion was largely due to the increase of biochar carbon content. However, blending decreased the end temperature of combustion (compared to pure poultry litter biochars), suggesting that the blends contained more labile C. Structurally, the pure poultry litter pellets, regardless of pyrolysis temperature, were more durable, as indicated by less dust emitted, than the pure switchgrass pellets. Even though blended biochar pellets degrade more rapidly during handling and storage, blending manure and plant material for biochar production alleviates some of the other application issues when using pure manure-based biochars for soil improvement or energy conversion applications. C1 [Cantrell, K. B.; Martin, J. H., II; Novak, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), 2611 West Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 543 EP 553 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600016 ER PT J AU Butts, CL Lamb, MC Sorensen, RB Chen, S AF Butts, C. L. Lamb, M. C. Sorensen, R. B. Chen, S. TI OVEN DRYING TIMES FOR MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION OF SINGLE PEANUT KERNELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Moisture content; oven; Peanut; Single; Standards ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; RF IMPEDANCE; IN-SHELL AB ASABE Standard S410.2 specifies that 200 g samples of peanuts should be dried in an oven until a constant weight is achieved. The standard recommends oven-drying at 100 degrees C for 72 h or at 130 degrees C for 6 h for samples with up to 30% wet basis moisture content. In previous research to calibrate instruments for measuring single-kernel moisture, the moisture content of single peanut kernels was determined using the same time and temperature recommendations as for 200 g samples. This study was conducted to determine if shorter oven-drying times could be used for single-kernel moisture determination. Shelled peanut kernels were rehydrated to five different moisture levels by placing samples over saturated salt solutions in closed containers for 18 d. A sample of 20 kernels was removed from the rehydration chamber, the wet weight of each kernel was recorded, and the kernels were then placed in individual containers in a convection oven at 130 degrees C. The weight of each kernel was recorded at approximately 90 min intervals for 8 h and then again at 24 h. The apparent dry basis (d.b.) moisture content was calculated using the weight recorded at each observation. The error was calculated as the difference between the apparent moisture content calculated at each time step and the final moisture content calculated after 24 h in the oven. The data were fit to an exponential decay function to estimate the error as a function of drying time. The regression function was then used to estimate the drying time required to achieve various levels of accuracy. The drying time required to achieve an accuracy of +/- 0.5% d.b. averaged 300 min for peanuts between 9% and 15% d.b. moisture content, and this drying time was approximately 150 min for peanuts at 4% d.b. moisture content. This research shows that drying at 130 degrees C for 6 h (360 min) is adequate for determining the moisture content of single peanut kernels and that ASABE Standard S410.2 is suitable for single-kernel moisture measurements. C1 [Butts, C. L.; Lamb, M. C.; Sorensen, R. B.; Chen, S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. RP Butts, CL (reprint author), POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM chris.butts@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 579 EP 584 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600020 ER PT J AU Shilts, P Motabar, P Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Tasch, U AF Shilts, P. Motabar, P. Lefcourt, A. M. Kim, M. S. Tasch, U. TI HOMOGENIZATION OPTICS TO IMPROVE DETECTABILITY OF FLUORESCENCE RESPONSE TO A SINGLE LASER PULSE: DETECTION OF FECES ON APPLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Fecal detection; Fluorescence imaging; Food safety; Lightpipe; Machine vision; Time-resolved imaging ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; EMISSION BANDS; EXCITATION; QUALITY; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; SAFETY; FOOD AB Fecal contamination of produce in fields is a known food safety risk. It is theoretically possible to enhance the current practice of visually inspecting fields for fecal material prior to harvest by using imaging to detect the fluorescence response of fecal material to UV excitation. For field application, an expanded-beam pulsed laser and a gated-intensified camera can be used for imaging to negate problems due to reflected ambient light masking fluorescent responses. A particular problem when using an expanded laser beam for illumination is that temporally inconsistent and spatially non-uniform energy distributions can produce false positives. This technical note describes an optical system that expands and homogenizes a high-energy laser beam using a lightpipe. To validate the homogenizing optics, images were acquired using both homogenizing optics and a simple optics system that did not incorporate a lightpipe. Sequential images acquired using uniform fluorescent targets demonstrated that temporal variability in illumination intensity for individual pixels was reduced when using the homogenizing optics. For single images, the Gaussian energy distribution seen when using simple optics was eliminated when using the homogenizing optics. To test how these technical advantages might affect the quality of acquired images in practice, apples artificially contaminated with cow feces were imaged using a multispectral adapter with 678 and 500 nm filters. Threshold detection rates for 1:1000 dilutions were 50% and 15% when using the homogenizing and simple optics, respectively. In addition, for 1:2 and 1:20 dilutions using 678/500 nm ratio images, the relative magnitude of the measured response was greater when using the homogenizing optics. It is recommended that homogenizing optics be used to expand pulsed laser beams that are used to excite fluorescence responses. C1 [Shilts, P.; Motabar, P.; Lefcourt, A. M.; Kim, M. S.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tasch, U.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), Rm 21,Bldg 303,BARC East,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alan.lefcourt@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 615 EP 622 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600025 ER PT J AU Cui, D Zhang, Q Li, M Slaminko, T Hartman, GL AF Cui, D. Zhang, Q. Li, M. Slaminko, T. Hartman, G. L. TI A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SEVERITY OF SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME IN SOYBEANS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE HSI; Image processing; Infection level; LI; Soybean; Sudden death syndrome ID FLUORESCENCE; PLANTS AB Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by the fungus Fusarium virguliforme, is a widespread mid- to late-season soybean disease with distinctive foliar symptoms that in some extreme cases may cause nearly 100% yield loss. This article reports on the development of an image analysis method to quantify SDS severity using an RGB camera under natural light in a laboratory environment. An HSI (hue, saturation, and intensity) color space based image processing approach was developed. A lesion index (LI) was defined as the ratio of affected leaf area to healthy area for evaluating SDS severity levels on leaves of infected plants. A method of using the frequency distribution of hue values of whole leaf area to measure the severity of SDS was also investigated. Preliminary results obtained from laboratory-scale validation demonstrated that the developed method could provide a feasible means of recording SDS severity in situ that could potentially be used for high-throughput greenhouse evaluation of breeding lines or commercial soybean cultivars. C1 [Cui, D.] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Biosyst Engn & Food Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Q.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Prosser, WA USA. [Li, M.] China Agr Univ, Res Ctr Precis Agr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Slaminko, T.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cui, D (reprint author), 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM dicui@zju.edu.cn FU National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China [2012AA10A504]; Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Zhejiang Province [2011R09001-05]; Scientific Research Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Education Department [Y201017233] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Charles R. Bowen. This research was partially supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2012AA10A504), the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2011R09001-05), and the Scientific Research Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (Grant No. Y201017233). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA, Washington State University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Zhejiang University, and China Agricultural University. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 671 EP 678 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AH1QS UT WOS:000335896600030 ER PT S AU Dhar, AK Robles-Sikisaka, R Saksmerprome, V Lakshman, DK AF Dhar, Arun K. Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio Saksmerprome, Vanvimon Lakshman, Dilip K. BE Maramorosch, K Murphy, FA TI Biology, Genome Organization, and Evolution of Parvoviruses in Marine Shrimp SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 89 SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS; PENAEUS-STYLIROSTRIS DENSOVIRUS; ISOLATED MORTALITY VIRUS; PARVO-LIKE VIRUS; MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; AEDES-DENSONUCLEOSIS VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LATERAL FLOW DIPSTICK AB As shrimp aquaculture has evolved from a subsistent farming activity to an economically important global industry, viral diseases have also become a serious threat to the sustainable growth and productivity of this industry. Parvoviruses represent an economically important group of viruses that has greatly affected shrimp aquaculture. In the early 1980s, an outbreak of a shrimp parvovirus, infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), led to the collapse of penaeid shrimp farming in the Americas. Since then, considerable progress has been made in characterizing the parvoviruses of shrimp and developing diagnostic methods aimed to preventing the spread of diseases caused by these viruses. To date, four parvoviruses are known that infect shrimp; these include IHHNV, hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), spawner-isolated mortality virus (SMV), and lymphoid organ parvo-like virus. Due to the economic repercussions that IHHNV and HPV outbreaks have caused to shrimp farming over the years, studies have been focused mostly on these two pathogens, while information on SMV and LPV remains limited. IHHNV was the first shrimp virus to be sequenced and the first for which highly sensitive diagnostic methods were developed. IHHNV-resistant lines of shrimp were also developed to mitigate the losses caused by this virus. While the losses due to IHHNV have been largely contained in recent years, reports of HPV-induced mortalities in larval stages in hatchery and losses due to reduced growth have increased. This review presents a comprehensive account of the history and current knowledge on the biology, diagnostics methods, genomic features, mechanisms of evolution, and management strategies of shrimp parvoviruses. We also highlighted areas where research efforts should be focused in order to gain further insight on the mechanisms of parvoviral pathogenicity in shrimp that will help to prevent future losses caused by these viruses. C1 [Dhar, Arun K.] BrioBiotech, Glenelg, MD 21737 USA. [Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Saksmerprome, Vanvimon] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Centex Shrimp, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Saksmerprome, Vanvimon] Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy NSTDA, Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol BIOTEC, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Lakshman, Dilip K.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dhar, AK (reprint author), BrioBiotech, Glenelg, MD 21737 USA. EM arun_dhar@hotmail.com OI Saksmerprome, Vanvimon/0000-0003-3007-9226 NR 175 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 978-0-12-800172-1 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2014 VL 89 BP 85 EP 139 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800172-1.00003-3 PG 55 WC Virology SC Virology GA BA4IN UT WOS:000335807700003 PM 24751195 ER PT S AU Gray, S Cilia, M Ghanim, M AF Gray, Stewart Cilia, Michelle Ghanim, Murad BE Maramorosch, K Murphy, FA TI Circulative, "Nonpropagative" Virus Transmission: An Orchestra of Virus-, Insect-, and Plant-Derived Instruments SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 89 SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID YELLOW-DWARF-VIRUS; LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; WHITEFLY BEMISIA-TABACI; APHID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; CANDIDATUS PORTIERA ALEYRODIDARUM; CASSAVA MOSAIC GEMINIVIRUS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM GENOME; BYDV-PAV TRANSMISSION; MINOR CAPSID PROTEIN; BUNCHY TOP-VIRUS AB Species of plant viruses within the Luteoviridae, Geminiviridae, and Nanoviridae are transmitted by phloem-feeding insects in a circulative, nonpropagative manner. The precise route of virus movement through the vector can differ across and within virus families, but these viruses all share many biological, biochemical, and ecological features. All share temporal and spatial constraints with respect to transmission efficiency. The viruses also induce physiological changes in their plant hosts resulting in behavioral changes in the insects that optimize the transmission of virus to new hosts. Virus proteins interact with insect, endosymbiont, and plant proteins to orchestrate, directly and indirectly, virus movement in insects and plants to facilitate transmission. Knowledge of these complex interactions allows for the development of new tools to reduce or prevent transmission, to quickly identify important vector populations, and to improve the management of these economically important viruses affecting agricultural and natural plant populations. C1 [Gray, Stewart; Cilia, Michelle] ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gray, Stewart; Cilia, Michelle] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Cilia, Michelle] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ghanim, Murad] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Gray, S (reprint author), ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu NR 254 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 978-0-12-800172-1 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2014 VL 89 BP 141 EP 199 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800172-1.00004-5 PG 59 WC Virology SC Virology GA BA4IN UT WOS:000335807700004 PM 24751196 ER PT J AU Morgan, P Heyerdahl, EK Miller, C Wilson, AM Gibson, CE AF Morgan, Penelope Heyerdahl, Emily K. Miller, Carol Wilson, Aaron M. Gibson, Carly E. TI NORTHERN ROCKIES PYROGEOGRAPHY: AN EXAMPLE OF FIRE ATLAS UTILITY SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire atlas; fire history; fire regimes; northern Rocky Mountains; wildfires ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WILDERNESS AREAS; FOREST-FIRES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; WILDLAND FIRE; WILDFIRE; LANDSCAPE; USA; CLIMATE; REGIMES AB We demonstrated the utility of digital fire atlases by analyzing forest fire extent across cold, dry, and mesic forests, within and outside federally designated wilderness areas during three different fire management periods: 1900 to 1934, 1935 to 1973, and 1974 to 2008. We updated an existing atlas with a 12 070 086 ha recording area in Idaho and Montana, USA, west of the Continental Divide, 81 % of which is forested. This updated atlas was derived from records maintained locally by 12 national forests and Glacier National Park. Within the cold, dry, and mesic forests that encompass 45 %, 44 %, and 11 % of the fire atlas recording area, respectively, we analyzed 3228 fire polygons (those >= 20 ha in extent and >= 75 % forested). We discovered that both fire extent and the number of fire polygons were greater in the north during the early period and greater in the south during the late period, but in all cases burned in proportion to land area. Over the 9 731 691 ha forested fire-atlas recording area, 36 % of 10 000 randomly located points burned at least once, 7 % burned twice, and fewer than 1 % burned three or more times. Of these same points, disproportionately more burned inside wilderness than outside. These points burned in proportion to land area by forest type and generally by slope, aspect, and elevation. Analysis revealed that despite extensive fires early and late in the twentieth century, area burned was likely still low relative to prior centuries, especially at low elevations and outside large wilderness areas. The fire atlas includes few fires <40 ha, and its perimeter accuracy is uncertain and likely historically inconsistent; even so, the perimeters are georeferenced and, because they include the entire twentieth century, can serve to bridge past and future fire regimes. Fire atlases are necessarily imperfect, but they remain useful for exploring the pyrogeography of modern fire regimes, including how the spatial distribution of fire varied through time with respect to landscape controls, fire management, and climate. C1 [Morgan, Penelope; Wilson, Aaron M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Heyerdahl, Emily K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Gibson, Carly E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Stanislaus Natl Forest, Sonora, CA 95370 USA. RP Morgan, P (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM pmorgan@uidaho.edu FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, USDA [04-JV-11222048021]; USDA/USDI Joint Fire Science Program [03-1-1-07] FX This project would not have been possible without the help of those within the US Forest Service and National Park Service who maintained and shared fire atlas data. This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, USDA, under Research Joint Venture Agreement 04-JV-11222048021, the USDA/USDI Joint Fire Science Program as Project 03-1-1-07, and the University of Idaho. B. Davis, L. Shapiro-Miller, M. Rollins, A. Pocewicz, and L. Lentile shared valuable insights with us throughout the project. C. Stevens-Rumann assisted with statistical analysis. We appreciate constructive reviews from P. Higuera and two anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.4996/fireecology.1001014 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AG8EU UT WOS:000335652400003 ER PT J AU Drury, SA Larkin, N Strand, TT Huang, SM Strenfel, SJ Banwell, EM O'Brien, TE Raffuse, SM AF Drury, Stacy A. Larkin, Narasimhan (Sim) Strand, Tara T. Huang, ShihMing Strenfel, Scott J. Banwell, Erin M. O'Brien, Theresa E. Raffuse, Sean M. TI INTERCOMPARISON OF FIRE SIZE, FUEL LOADING, FUEL CONSUMPTION, AND SMOKE EMISSIONS ESTIMATES ON THE 2006 TRIPOD FIRE,WASHINGTON, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Consume; fire size; FOFEM; fuel consumption; fuels; smoke emissions; Tripod Fire Complex ID CLASSIFICATION; MODELS AB Land managers rely on prescribed burning and naturally ignited wildfires for ecosystem management, and must balance trade-offs of air quality, carbon storage, and ecosystem health. A current challenge for land managers when using fire for ecosystem management is managing smoke production. Smoke emissions are a potential human health hazard due to the production of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O-3) precursors. In addition, smoke emissions can impact transportation safety and contribute to regional haze issues. Quantifying wildland fire emissions is a critical step for evaluating the impact of smoke on human health and welfare, and is also required for air quality modeling efforts and greenhouse gas reporting. Smoke emissions modeling is a complex process that requires the combination of multiple sources of data, the application of scientific knowledge from divergent scientific disciplines, and the linking of various scientific models in a logical, progressive sequence. Typically, estimates of fire size, available fuel loading (biomass available to burn), and fuel consumption (biomass consumed) are needed to calculate the quantities of pollutants produced by a fire. Here we examine the 2006 Tripod Fire Complex as a case study for comparing alternative data sets and combinations of scientific models available for calculating fire emissions. Specifically, we use five fire size information sources, seven fuel loading maps, and two consumption models (Consume 4.0 and FOFEM 5.7) that also include sets of emissions factors. We find that the choice of fuel loading is the most critical step in the modeling pathway, with different fuel loading maps varying by 108 %, while fire size and fuel consumption show smaller variations (36 % and 23 %, respectively). Moreover, we find that modeled fuel loading maps likely underestimate the amount of fuel burned during wildfires as field assessments of total woody fuel loading were consistently higher than modeled fuel loadings in all cases. The PM2.5 emissions estimates from Consume and FOFEM vary by 37 %. In addition, comparisons with available observational data demonstrate the value of using local data sets where possible. C1 [Drury, Stacy A.; Huang, ShihMing; Strenfel, Scott J.; Banwell, Erin M.; O'Brien, Theresa E.; Raffuse, Sean M.] Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Larkin, Narasimhan (Sim); Strand, Tara T.] US Forest Serv, AirFire Team, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Drury, SA (reprint author), Sonoma Technol Inc, 1455 N McDowell Blvd,Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM sdrury@sonomatech.com RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU Joint Fire Science Program FX The authors thank the Joint Fire Science Program for providing funding for this project (08-16-10). We are grateful to E. Peterson and J. Restaino for providing the current vegetation survey data. R. Harrod and J. Croft kindly provided their time and answered many questions concerning the Tripod Fire Complex. S. Prichard, L. Gangi, R. Keane, J. Reardon, and D. Lutes provided useful insight into the inner workings of Consume and FOFEM. D. McKenzie and J. Herynk provided technical advice on the construction of the FCCS and LANDFIRE FLM maps, respectively. J. Menakis provided data on the Westar project. S. Reid, J. Schwartz, C. Jennings, M. Michaels, M. Teplitz, M. Protteau, and L. Chinkin provided useful comments and edits of the text, tables, and figures. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 56 EP 83 DI 10.4996/fireecology.1001056 PG 28 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AG8EU UT WOS:000335652400006 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL AF Peterson, David L. TI Vegetation Fires and Global Change SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM peterson@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 84 EP 85 DI 10.4996/fireecology.1001084 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AG8EU UT WOS:000335652400007 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL AF Peterson, David L. TI Fire in Mediterranean Ecosystems: Ecology, Evolution and Management SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM peterson@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 20 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 86 EP 87 DI 10.4996/fireecology.1001086 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AG8EU UT WOS:000335652400008 ER PT J AU Steinhauer, NA Rennich, K Wilson, ME Caron, DM Lengerich, EJ Pettis, JS Rose, R Skinner, JA Tarpy, DR Wilkes, JT Vanengelsdorp, D AF Steinhauer, Nathalie A. Rennich, Karen Wilson, Michael E. Caron, Dewey M. Lengerich, Eugene J. Pettis, Jeff S. Rose, Robyn Skinner, John A. Tarpy, David R. Wilkes, James T. Vanengelsdorp, Dennis CA Bee Informed Partnership TI A national survey of managed honey bee 2012-2013 annual colony losses in the USA: results from the Bee Informed Partnership SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Honey bee; overwinter; mortality; colony losses; USA; 2012-13 ID UNITED-STATES; WINTER; DECLINES; TRENDS AB For the past six years in which overwintering mortality of honey bee colonies has been surveyed in the USA, estimates of colony loss have fluctuated around one-third of the national population. Here we report on the losses for the 2012-2013 seasons. We collected data from 6,482 US beekeepers (6,114 backyard, 233 sideline, and 135 commercial beekeepers) to document overwintering mortality rates of honey bee colonies for the USA. Responding beekeepers reported a total 30.6% (95% CI: 30.16-31.13%) loss of US colonies over the winter, with each beekeeper losing on average 44.8% (95% CI: 43.88-45.66%) of their colonies. Total winter losses varied across states (range: 11.0% to 54.7%). The self-reported level of acceptable winter loss was 14.6%, and 73.2% of the respondents had mortality rates greater than this level. The leading self-identified causes of overwintering mortality were different according to the operation type; backyard beekeepers generally self-identified "manageable" factors (e. g., starvation, weak colony in the fall), while commercial beekeepers generally identified non-manageable factors (e. g., queen failure, pesticides) as the main cause of losses. For the first time in this series of surveys, we estimated mortality during the summer (total loss = 25.3% (95% CI: 24.80-25.74%), average loss = 12.5% (95% CI: 11.92-13.06%)). The entire 12-months period between April 2012 and April 2013 yielded a total loss of 45.2% (95% CI: 44.58-45.75%), and an average loss of 49.4% (95% CI: 48.46-50.43%). While we found that commercial beekeepers lost fewer colonies than backyard beekeepers in the winter (30.2% (95% CI: 26.54-33.93% vs 45.4% (44.46-46.32%) respectively), the situation was reversed in the summer where commercial beekeepers reported higher average losses than backyard beekeepers (21.6% (95% CI: 18.4-24.79%) vs 12.1% (11.46-12.65%)). These findings demonstrate the ongoing difficulties of US beekeepers in maintaining overall colony heath and survival. C1 [Steinhauer, Nathalie A.; Rennich, Karen; Vanengelsdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilson, Michael E.; Skinner, John A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Caron, Dewey M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97224 USA. [Lengerich, Eugene J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rose, Robyn] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Tarpy, David R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wilkes, James T.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Vanengelsdorp, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Dennis.vanengelsdorp@gmail.com RI vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010; OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647 FU CAP grant, USDA-NIFA: the Bee Informed Partnership; USDA-ARS Area wide Program on Bee Health FX We thank all respondents for their participation. We thank Rachel Bozarth, Heather Eversole, Andrew Garavito, and Meghan McConnell for entering the answers from paper surveys. Our gratitude goes out to the many beekeeping organizations, industry leaders, and beekeeping clubs that forwarded our appeal for participation emails. A special thank you is owed to USDA APHIS, the Apiary Inspectors of America, the American Honey Producers Association, Brushy Mountain Bee Farm, Bee Culture magazine, and American Bee Journal for sending out participation requests to their online audiences. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their comments and editing suggestions. This project was funded by a CAP grant from USDA-NIFA: the Bee Informed Partnership and includes, in addition to several of the authors, Kathy Baylis, Joseph Connell, Keith Delaplane, Susan Donohue, Wayne Esaias, Marla Spivak, Robyn Underwood, and the USDA-ARS Area wide Program on Bee Health. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 13 U2 98 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2014 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.53.1.01 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AH1PO UT WOS:000335893500001 ER PT J AU Wu, HY Masler, EP Rogers, ST Chen, C Chitwood, DJ AF Wu, HaiYan Masler, Edward P. Rogers, Steven T. Chen, Ching Chitwood, David J. TI Benzyl isothiocyanate affects development, hatching and reproduction of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; cyst production; embryo; Glycine max; plant health; plant-parasitic nematode ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; IN-VITRO; SOIL; DEGRADATION; MYROSINASE; JAVANICA; PATHOGEN; EXPOSURE; PLANTS AB Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), prepared in 1% methanol and applied at micro-molar doses, decreased Heterodera glycines infective second-stage juvenile (J2) movement, hatching and reproduction on soybean, Glycine max. Direct exposure of J2 to 30 mu M BITC caused an immediate decrease (17%) in J2 movement relative to 1% methanol controls, and within 3 h exposure eliminated >99% of movement. Continuous exposure of H. glycines eggs to 30 mu M or 60 mu M BITC significantly decreased percentage hatch of J2 measured at 7 days (30 mu M, 15.8 +/- 2.4%; 60 mu M, 7.9 +/- 2.2%) relative to controls (44.9 +/- 4.1%). Control percentage hatch increased between days 7 and 14 (87.5 +/- 2.3%), whereas there was no significant increase in hatch after Day 7 in either treatment group. The effect of BITC on hatch was rapid and persistent. Following 4 h exposure of eggs to either 30 mu M or 60 mu M BITC and transfer to water, percentage hatch at Day 14 was 51.3 +/- 6.3% and 15.6 +/- 1.4%, respectively. Each value was significantly less than the control percentage hatch (96.5 +/- 0.2%). The same treatment method also resulted in decreased reproduction. The mean number of cysts per plant harvested 5 weeks after inoculation with control eggs (173.0 +/- 12.1) was significantly greater than the numbers from plants inoculated with either 30 mu M (78.9 +/- 8.2) or 60 mu M (38.3 +/- 4.5) BITC treated eggs. Reduction of hatch and reproduction were strongly correlated, with r(2) > 0.60 for both 30 mu M or 60 mu M BITC treatments. The effects of BITC were primarily on the early embryo. The percent of all embryos in the multicellular stage at Day 14 in control eggs was 4.9 +/- 0.7%, but increased to 35.1 +/- 4.3% (30 mu M) and 56.3 +/- 4.5% (60 mu M) in BITC treated eggs. BITC has multiple effects on H. glycines, affecting both infective juvenile movement and embryonic development, and decreasing reproduction. C1 [Wu, HaiYan] Guangxi Univ, Coll Agr, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China. [Masler, Edward P.; Rogers, Steven T.; Chitwood, David J.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Chen, Ching] Univ Maryland, Sch Math Comp & Nat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM edward.masler@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2014 VL 16 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1163/15685411-00002781 PN 4 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AG6OZ UT WOS:000335539600011 ER PT J AU Espirito-Santo, FDB Keller, MM Linder, E Oliveira, RC Pereira, C Oliveira, CG AF Espirito-Santo, Fernando D. B. Keller, Michael M. Linder, Ernst Oliveira Junior, Raimundo C. Pereira, Cleuton Oliveira, Cleber G. TI Gap formation and carbon cycling in the Brazilian Amazon: measurement using high-resolution optical remote sensing and studies in large forest plots SO PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Amazon; canopy opening; coarse wood debris gaps; leaf area index natural disturbances; remote sensing; tropical forest; IKONOS ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; IKONOS SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; CANOPY GAPS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; LARGE BLOWDOWNS; LOGGED FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; TREEFALL GAPS AB Background: The dynamics of gaps plays a role in the regimes of tree mortality, production of coarse woody debris (CWD) and the variability of light in the forest understory. Aims: To quantify the area affected by, and the carbon fluxes associated with, natural gap-phase disturbances in a tropical lowland evergreen rain forest by use of ground measurements and high-resolution satellite images. Methods: We surveyed two large forest inventory plots of 114 and 53 ha of the Tapajos National Forest (TNF) in the Brazilian Amazon during 2008 and 2009, respectively. We mapped all gaps and collected data on light availability, CWD stocks and tree mortality in the field. Gap location, canopy openness (CO) and leaf area index (LAI) estimated in the field were compared with two IKONOS-2 high-resolution satellite images acquired at approximately the time of the field measurements. Results: In the two large plots (167 ha total area) we found 96 gaps. The gaps represented 1.42% of the total area and gaps <1-year-old accounted for 0.81% of the plot area. In TNF, the production of CWD in recent gaps was 0.76 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) and the mean tree mortality was 2.38 stems ha(-1) year(-1). The area of gaps estimated using thresholds of light intensity measured by remote sensing optical instruments was twice as large as the gap areas measured on the ground. We found no significant correlation between spectral remote sensing images and CO or LAI, probably due to the high degree of shadow in the high-resolution satellite images. Conclusions: We present the first statistics of CWD production based on gap size in the tropical forest literature. Tree mortality and CWD flux and the forest floor light environment were closely related to gap area. However, less than 30% of the annual tree mortality and CWD flux was associated with gaps, and gaps were difficult to detect using remote sensing methods because of the high proportion of shadow in the images. These results highlight the need for permanent plots in long-term carbon studies. C1 [Espirito-Santo, Fernando D. B.; Keller, Michael M.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Espirito-Santo, Fernando D. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA USA. [Keller, Michael M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. [Keller, Michael M.] Embrapa Monitoramento Satelite, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Linder, Ernst] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Math & Stat, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Oliveira Junior, Raimundo C.; Pereira, Cleuton] EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Santarem, Brazil. [Oliveira, Cleber G.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Espirito-Santo, FDB (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM f.delbon@gmail.com RI Espirito-Santo, Fernando/O-4371-2014; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Espirito-Santo, Fernando/0000-0001-7497-3639; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 FU NASA Earth System Science Fellowship (NESSF) [NNX07AN84N]; Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology FX This research was supported by the NASA Earth System Science Fellowship (NESSF) (Grant # NNX07AN84N) and the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program contribution to the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon (LBA).; We thank the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology for its support of the LBA programme and the National Institute for Amazon Research for the implementation of this programme. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-0874 EI 1755-1668 J9 PLANT ECOL DIVERS JI Plant Ecol. Divers. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1080/17550874.2013.795629 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AH4FN UT WOS:000336082900022 ER PT J AU Peper, PJ Alzate, CP McNeil, JW Hasherni, J AF Peper, Paula J. Alzate, Claudia P. McNeil, John W. Hasherni, Jalil TI Allometric equations for urban ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in Oakville, Southern Ontario, Canada SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Allometry; Fraxinus spp.; Growth models; Urban trees ID GROWTH; HEIGHT; MODEL AB Tree growth equations are an important and common tool used to effectively assess the yield and determine management practices in forest plantations. Increasingly, they are being developed for urban forests, providing tools to assist urban forest managers with species selection, placement, and estimation of management costs and ecosystem services. This study describes the development of allometric equations for Fraxinus americana and F. pennsylvanica growing in Oakville, Canada. With data collected from 103 ash trees, five allometric models were tested to develop equations estimating diameter-at-breast-height (dbh), tree height, crown width and crown height, using age and dbh as explanatory variables. Mean annual growth rates are presented to demonstrate species growth performance and were not significantly different over the first 40 years of growth for the two species. Of all the tested random coefficient models for both species, the cubic with weight 1/x provided the best fit for estimating dbh from age. The best models for other parameters were the loglog for crown height from dbh, the quadratic for crown diameter from dbh, and the linear for tree height from dbh for F. americana. Model types showed more consistency for F. pennsylvanica with linear providing the best fit for crown diameter, crown height and tree height from dbh. The number of model types suggests the difficulty of fitting any single model to the vast array of conditions affecting plant growth in urban areas where management practices and environment can significantly influence tree size and growth. These models may be used to estimate the growth of ash tree populations in Oakville and communities with similar climate, soil, planting, and management environments. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Peper, Paula J.] USDA, Forest Serv, PSW, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Alzate, Claudia P.] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [McNeil, John W.; Hasherni, Jalil] Town Oakville, Parks & Open Space, Forestry Serv, Oakville, ON L6L 5T7, Canada. RP Peper, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, PSW, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM ppeper@fs.fed.us; claudia.alzate@utoronto.ca; JMcneil@oakville.ca; JHashemi@oakville.ca NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2013.07.002 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA AG6QP UT WOS:000335543800018 ER PT J AU Griswold, T Gonzalez, VH Ikerd, H AF Griswold, Terry Gonzalez, Victor H. Ikerd, Harold TI AnthWest, occurrence records for wool carder bees of the genus Anthidium (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini) in the Western Hemisphere SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Anthophila; Apoidea; bees; invasive species; North America; South America; pollinators; biodiversity; floral hosts ID ECOREGIONS; OBLONGATUM; MANICATUM; APOIDEA AB This paper describes AnthWest, a large dataset that represents one of the outcomes of a comprehensive, broadly comparative study on the diversity, biology, biogeography, and evolution of Anthidium Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere. In this dataset a total of 22,648 adult occurrence records comprising 9657 unique events are documented for 92 species of Anthidium, including the invasive range of two introduced species from Eurasia, A. oblongatum (Illiger) and A. manicatum (Linnaeus). The geospatial coverage of the dataset extends from northern Canada and Alaska to southern Argentina, and from below sea level in Death Valley, California, USA, to 4700 m a.s.l. in Tucuman, Argentina. The majority of records in the dataset correspond to information recorded from individual specimens examined by the authors during this project and deposited in 60 biodiversity collections located in Africa, Europe, North and South America. A fraction ( 4.8%) of the occurrence records were taken from the literature, largely California records from a taxonomic treatment with some additional records for the two introduced species. The temporal scale of the dataset represents collection events recorded between 1886 and 2012. The dataset was developed employing SQL server 2008 r2. For each specimen, the following information is generally provided: scientific name including identification qualifier when species status is uncertain (e.g. "Questionable Determination" for 0.4% of the specimens), sex, temporal and geospatial details, coordinates, data collector, host plants, associated organisms, name of identifier, historic identification, historic identifier, taxonomic value (i.e., type specimen, voucher, etc.), and repository. For a small portion of the database records, bees associated with threatened or endangered plants (similar to 0.08% of total records) as well as specimens collected as part of unpublished biological inventories (similar to 17%), georeferencing is presented only to nearest degree and the information on floral host, locality, elevation, month, and day has been withheld. This database can potentially be used in species distribution and niche modeling studies, as well as in assessments of pollinator status and pollination services. For native pollinators, this large dataset of occurrence records is the first to be simultaneously developed during a species-level systematic study. C1 [Griswold, Terry; Ikerd, Harold] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gonzalez, Victor H.] Southwestern Oklahoma State Univ, Weatherford, OK 73096 USA. RP Griswold, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM terry.griswold@ars.usda.gov RI Gonzalez, Victor/B-4072-2015 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0742998, DBI-0956388] FX We are greatly indebted to each of the curators, collection managers, and staff from the collections that we visited, or from which we borrowed specimens for this study. This work would not have been possible without their constant and valuable support. The names of the institutions and their personnel are indicated in the section of Material and Methods of Gonzalez and Griswold (2013). Anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants DEB-0742998 and DBI-0956388. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2014 IS 408 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.3897/zookeys.408.5633 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AG8BK UT WOS:000335643100003 PM 24899835 ER PT S AU Arrouays, D Grundy, MG Hartemink, AE Hempel, JW Heuvelink, GBM Hong, SY Lagacherie, P Lelyk, G McBratney, AB McKenzie, NJ Mendonca-Santos, MDL Minasny, B Montanarella, L Odeh, IOA Sanchez, PA Thompson, JA Zhang, GL AF Arrouays, Dominique Grundy, Michael G. Hartemink, Alfred E. Hempel, Jonathan W. Heuvelink, Gerard B. M. Hong, S. Young Lagacherie, Philippe Lelyk, Glenn McBratney, Alexander B. McKenzie, Neil J. Mendonca-Santos, Maria D. L. Minasny, Budiman Montanarella, Luca Odeh, Inakwu O. A. Sanchez, Pedro A. Thompson, James A. Zhang, Gan-Lin BE Sparks, DL TI GlobalSoilMap: Toward a Fine-Resolution Global Grid of Soil Properties SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 125 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITY; CONTINUOUS DEPTH FUNCTIONS; SPATIAL PREDICTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; INFORMATION; MAPS; AREA; DISAGGREGATION; ATTRIBUTES; SCALES AB Soil scientists are being challenged to provide assessments of soil condition from local through to global scales. A particular issue is the need for estimates of the stores and fluxes in soils of water, carbon, nutrients, and solutes. This review outlines progress in the development and testing of GlobalSoilMap a digital soil map that aims to provide a fine-esolution global grid of soil functional properties with estimates of their associated uncertainties. A range of methods can be used to generate the fine-resolution spatial estimates depending on the availability of existing soil surveys, environmental data, and point observations. The system has an explicit geometry for estimating point and block estimates of soil properties continuously down the soil profile. This geometry is necessary to ensure mass balance when stores and fluxes are computed. It also overcomes some limitations with existing systems for characterizing soil variation with depth. GlobalSoilMap has been designed to enable delivery of soil data via Web services. This review provides an overview of the system's technical specifications including the minimum data set. Examples from contrasting countries and environments are then presented to demonstrate the robustness of the technical specifications. GlobalSoilMap provides the means for supplying soil information in a format and resolution compatible with other fundamental data sets from remote sensing, terrain analysis, and other systems for mapping, monitoring, and forecasting biophysical processes. The initial research phase of the core project is nearing completion and attention is now shifting toward establishing the institutional and governance arrangements necessary to complete a full global coverage and maintaining the operational version of the GlobalSoilMap. This will be a grand and rewarding challenge for the soil science profession in the coming years. C1 [Arrouays, Dominique] INRA, InfoSol Unit, Orleans, France. [Grundy, Michael G.] CSIRO, EcoSci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. [Hartemink, Alfred E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hempel, Jonathan W.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. [Heuvelink, Gerard B. M.] ISRIC World Soil Informat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hong, S. Young] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. [Lagacherie, Philippe] INRA, IRD, Lab Etud Interact Sols Agrosyst Hydrosyst, F-34060 Montpellier, France. [Lelyk, Glenn] Univ Manitoba, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [McBratney, Alexander B.; Minasny, Budiman; Odeh, Inakwu O. A.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [McKenzie, Neil J.] CSIRO, Montpellier, France. [Mendonca-Santos, Maria D. L.] EMBRAPA Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Natl Ctr Soil Res Embrapa Solos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Montanarella, Luca] European Commiss DG JRC, Ispra, Varese, Italy. [Sanchez, Pedro A.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [Thompson, James A.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Zhang, Gan-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP McKenzie, NJ (reprint author), CSIRO, Campus Int Baillarguet, Montpellier, France. EM neil.mckenzie@csiro.au RI McKenzie, Neil/A-9921-2011; Hartemink, Alfred/G-1149-2011; Grundy, Mike/K-6335-2012; OI McKenzie, Neil/0000-0003-3803-3492; Hartemink, Alfred/0000-0002-5797-6798; Grundy, Mike/0000-0003-0627-2093; Minasny, Budiman/0000-0002-1182-2371 NR 97 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-800137-0 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2014 VL 125 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800137-0.00003-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BA3DW UT WOS:000334129100003 ER PT S AU Smith, JL Fratamico, PM Gunther, NW AF Smith, James L. Fratamico, Pina M. Gunther, Nereus W. BE Sariaslani, S Gadd, GM TI Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 86 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HIGH-PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ACID RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS-RESPONSE; VIRULENCE-DETERMINANTS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE AB In the United States, it is estimated that non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEQ cause more illnesses than STEC O157:H7, and the majority of cases of non-O157 STEC infections are due to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, referred to as the top six non-O157 STEC. The diseases caused by non-O157 STEC are generally milder than those induced by O157 STEC; nonetheless, non-O157 STEC strains have also been associated with serious illnesses such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, as well as death. Ruminants, particularly cattle, are reservoirs for both O157 and non-O157 STEC, which are transmitted to humans by person-to-person or animal contact and by ingestion of food or water contaminated with animal feces. Improved strategies to control STEC colonization and shedding in cattle and contamination of meat and produce are needed. In general, non-O157 STEC respond to stresses such as acid, heat, and other stresses induced during food preparation similar to O157 STEC. Similar to O157:H7, the top six non-O157 STEC are classified as adulterants in beef by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, and regulatory testing for these pathogens began in June 2012. Due to the genetic and phenotypic variability of non-O157 STEC strains, the development of accurate and reliable methods for detection and isolation of these pathogens has been challenging. Since the non-O157 STEC are responsible for a large portion of STEC-related illnesses, more extensive studies on their physiology, genetics, pathogenicity, and evolution are needed in order to develop more effective control strategies. C1 [Smith, James L.; Fratamico, Pina M.; Gunther, Nereus W.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 160 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 978-0-12-800262-9 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2014 VL 86 BP 145 EP 197 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800262-9.00003-2 PG 53 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BA0XS UT WOS:000332345500003 PM 24377855 ER PT J AU Zheng, JS Parnell, LD Smith, CE Lee, YC Jamal-Allial, A Ma, YY Li, D Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM Lai, CQ AF Zheng, Ju-Sheng Parnell, Laurence D. Smith, Caren E. Lee, Yu-Chi Jamal-Allial, Aziza Ma, Yiyi Li, Duo Tucker, Katherine L. Ordovas, Jose M. Lai, Chao-Qiang TI Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IRS1 Variant rs2943641, and Insulin Resistance: Replication of a Gene- Nutrient Interaction in 4 Populations of Different Ancestries SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; PUERTO-RICAN HEALTH; RECEPTOR; RISK; ADULTS; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; DISEASES; CALCIUM; TRAITS AB BACKGROUND: Associations of either insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) variants or circulating 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR) are inconsistent. This study sought to determine whether circulating 25(OH) D modulates the association of a potentially functional variant at IRS1 (rs2943641) with insulin resistance. METHOD: Interaction between IRS1 rs2943641 and circulating 25(OH) D on homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA- IR) was examined in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) (n = 1144). Replication was performed in the African- American (n = 1126), non- Hispanic white (n = 1967), and Hispanic (n = 1241) populations of the Multi- Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with genotypes of 3 IRS1 variants, rs2972144, rs1515104, and rs2673142, which are tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs2943641. RESULTS: Higher circulating 25(OH) D was associated with lower risk ofT2DandIR inBPRHSwomenhomozygous for minor allele rs2943641T. Consistently, in each of 3 MESA populations, HOMA- IR and insulin decreased more evidently with higher circulating 25(OH) D in women of the rs2943641TT genotype than in carriers of the major allele (rs2943641C). Metaanalysis indicated significant and consistent interactions between circulating 25(OH) D and IRS1 variants on HOMA- IR (log transformed) [pooled beta = -0.008, 95% CI: - 0.016 to -0.001, P interaction =0.004] and insulin (log transformed) (pooled beta = -0.006, 95% CI: -0.011 to -0.002, P interaction -0.023) in 3065 women of the 4 populations. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with different genotypes of IRS1 rs2943641 exhibit differential benefit from high circulating 25(OH) D for the reduction of insulin resistance and T2D risk. This gene- nutrient interaction, which appears to be limited to women, warrants further examination in randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation. (C) 2013 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Zheng, Ju-Sheng; Parnell, Laurence D.; Smith, Caren E.; Lee, Yu-Chi; Ma, Yiyi; Ordovas, Jose M.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Zheng, Ju-Sheng; Li, Duo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Jamal-Allial, Aziza; Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM duoli@zju.edu.cn; chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov OI Zheng, Ju-Sheng/0000-0001-6560-4890; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB504002]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [HL54776, HL078885]; US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-19509-001] FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ( 973 Program: 2011CB504002); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant numbers HL54776 and HL078885; and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-19509-001 from the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 60 IS 1 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2013.215251 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA AG0ZZ UT WOS:000335145900031 PM 24255076 ER PT J AU Gates, N Valenzuela, M Sachdev, PS Singh, MAF AF Gates, Nicola Valenzuela, Michael Sachdev, Perminder S. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Psychological well-being in individuals with mild cognitive impairment SO CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS IN AGING LA English DT Article DE positive aging; quality of life; memory concern ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SUBJECTIVE MEMORY COMPLAINTS; OLDER-ADULTS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RATING-SCALE; DEMENTIA; ASSOCIATION; MCI; AGE; PERFORMANCE AB Objectives: Cognitive impairments associated with aging and dementia are major sources of burden, deterioration in life quality, and reduced psychological well-being (PWB). Preventative measures to both reduce incident disease and improve PWB in those afflicted are increasingly targeting individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at early disease stage. However, there is very limited information regarding the relationships between early cognitive changes and memory concern, and life quality and PWB in adults with MCI; furthermore, PWB outcomes are too commonly overlooked in intervention trials. The purpose of this study was therefore to empirically test a theoretical model of PWB in MCI in order to inform clinical intervention. Methods: Baseline data from a convenience sample of 100 community-dwelling adults diagnosed with MCI enrolled in the Study of Mental Activity and Regular Training (SMART) trial were collected. A series of regression analyses were performed to develop a reduced model, then hierarchical regression with the Baron Kenny test of mediation derived the final three-tiered model of PWB. Results: Significant predictors of PWB were subjective memory concern, cognitive function, evaluations of quality of life, and negative affect, with a final model explaining 61% of the variance of PWB in MCI. Discussion: Our empirical findings support a theoretical tiered model of PWB in MCI and contribute to an understanding of the way in which early subtle cognitive deficits impact upon PWB. Multiple targets and entry points for clinical intervention were identified. These include improving the cognitive difficulties associated with MCI. Additionally, these highlight the importance of reducing memory concern, addressing low mood, and suggest that improving a person's quality of life may attenuate the negative effects of depression and anxiety on PWB in this cohort. C1 [Gates, Nicola; Sachdev, Perminder S.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. [Gates, Nicola; Sachdev, Perminder S.] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Hlth Brain Ageing CheBA, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. [Gates, Nicola; Valenzuela, Michael] Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Regenerat Neurosci Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sachdev, Perminder S.] Prince Wales Hosp, Inst Neuropsychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Gates, N (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. EM nicolagates@bigpond.com OI Sachdev, Perminder/0000-0002-9595-3220 FU National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia [512672] FX This study is part of the multicenter longitudinal SMART trial funded by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Dementia Research Grant, project grant ID No 512672 from 2008-2011. Additional funding for a research assistant position was sourced from the NHMRC Program Grant ID No. 568969, and the trial was supported by the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales. MV was supported by a NHMRC Clinical Career Development Fellowship (1004156). We wish to acknowledge the contributions of Nalin Singh, Bernhard T Baune, and Henry Brodaty who were involved in the funding application, design, and general supervision of the SMART trial. In addition we acknowledge the roles of Michael Baker, Nidhi Jain, Nasim Foroughi, Jacinda Meiklejohn, and Guy Wilson in trial administration, recruitment, data collection, and data entry. Lastly, we are indebted to the participants who devoted their time to this project. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-1998 J9 CLIN INTERV AGING JI Clin. Interv. Aging PY 2014 VL 9 BP 779 EP 792 DI 10.2147/CIA.S58866 PG 14 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA AG6ZN UT WOS:000335567800001 PM 24855347 ER PT J AU Li, X Pan, ZL Atungulu, GG Zheng, X Wood, D Delwiche, M McHugh, TH AF Li, Xuan Pan, Zhongli p Atungulu, Griffiths G. Zheng, Xia Wood, Delilah Delwiche, Michael McHugh, Tara H. TI Peeling of tomatoes using novel infrared radiation heating technology SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE Infrared radiation; Tomato peeling; Textural analysis; Scanning electron microscopy; Physical attributes; Biomechanical properties ID PROCESSING TOMATOES; QUALITY ATTRIBUTES; CLINGSTONE PEACHES; FRUIT SKIN; STEAM; PERFORMANCE; PEELABILITY; VEGETABLES; YIELD; LYE AB The effectiveness of using infrared (IR) dry-peeling as an alternative process for peeling tomatoes without lye and water was studied. Compared to conventional lye peeling, IR dry-peeling using 30 s to 75 s heating time resulted in lower peeling loss (8.3%-13.2% vs. 12.9%-15.8%), thinner thickness of peeled-off skin (0.39-0.91 mm vs. 038-1.06 mm), and slightly firmer texture of peeled products (1030-19.72 N vs. 9.42-13.73 N) while achieving a similar ease of peeling. IR heating increased the Young's Modulus of tomato peels and reduced the peel adhesiveness, indicating the tomato peels to loosen, become brittle, and crack more easily. Also, IR heating resulted in melting of cuticular membrane, collapse of several cellular layers, and severe degradation of cell wall structures, which in turn caused peel separation. These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the novel IR dry-peeling process for tomatoes. Industrial relevance: Development of a sustainable and non-chemical peeling technique for food processing industry is urgent. Currently, industrialized peeling methods such as hot lye or steam peeling are water- and energy-intensive operation and result in a large amount of waste effluent. Disposal of these wastewater containing high salinity and organic solids poses negative environmental footprints. Tomato processors have long been interested in pursuing a sustainable and non7 chemical peeling alternative in order to minimize waste effluent containing high salinity and organic loads and reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with conventional hot lye peeling. The emerging infrared dry-peeling technique offers a novel approach to eliminate the usage of chemicals and water in the peeling process while maintaining high quality peeled products. The study explored several crucial and fundamental aspects of developing infrared radiation heating technology as a sustainable tomato peeling method. The findings of this research provide scientific evidence of the benefits of infrared dry-peeling in comparison to the conventional hot lye peeling and have been used for the development of a pilot scale tomato infrared dry-peeling system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Li, Xuan; Pan, Zhongli p; Atungulu, Griffiths G.; Zheng, Xia; Delwiche, Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Zhongli p; Wood, Delilah; McHugh, Tara H.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Zheng, Xia] Shihezi Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Xinjiang 832003, Peoples R China. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Xuan/J-5786-2015 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 EI 1878-5522 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.10.011 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AG0MO UT WOS:000335109800016 ER PT J AU Martin, DE AF Martin, Daniel E. TI A FLUORESCENT IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTIFYING SPRAY DEPOSITS ON PLANT LEAVES SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article DE spray droplets; droplet count; spray application ID GOSSYPII GLOVER HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGY; COTTON; APHIDIDAE AB Because of the unique characteristics of electrostatically-charged sprays, use of traditional methods has failed to accurately quantify deposition from these sprays. A new fluorescent imaging technique was developed that quantifies spray deposits from electrostatically-charged sprays on natural plant leaves. Results indicate that this technique can successfully detect and enumerate individual spray droplets on the underside of beet leaves. Further, this technique reveals the spatial distribution of the spray droplets. Researchers will be able to use this technique to quantify spray deposits on a multitude of artificial and natural deposition samplers. C1 ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Martin, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Daniel.Martin@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 EI 1936-2684 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA AF8MR UT WOS:000334970800004 ER PT S AU Cushman, RA McDaneld, TG Kuehn, LA Snelling, WM Nonneman, D AF Cushman, Robert A. McDaneld, Tara G. Kuehn, Larry A. Snelling, Warren M. Nonneman, Dan BE Lamb, GC DiLorenzo, N TI Incorporation of Genetic Technologies Associated with Applied Reproductive Technologies to Enhance World Food Production SO CURRENT AND FUTURE REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND WORLD FOOD PRODUCTION SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Genetic technology; Reproduction; Animal breeding; Genotype; Multiple ovulation embryo transfer ID ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE; ANTRAL FOLLICLE COUNT; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SNP GENOTYPING ASSAY; LARGE WHITE-PIGS; OVULATION RATE; BEEF-CATTLE; CORRELATED RESPONSES AB Animal breeding and reproductive physiology have been closely related throughout the history of animal production science. Artificial insemination provides the best method of increasing the influence of sires with superior genetics to improve production traits. Multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) provides some ability to increase the genetic influence of the maternal line as well. The addition of genetic technologies to this paradigm allows for improved methods of selecting sires and dams carrying the best genes for production and yield of edible products and resistance to diseases and parasites. However, decreasing the number of influential parents within a population also increases the risk of propagating a recessive gene that could negatively impact the species (Reprod Domest Anim 44: 792-796, 2009; BMC Genomics 11: 337, 2010). Furthermore, antagonistic genotypic relationships between production traits and fertility (Anim Prod Sci 49: 399-412, 2009; Anim Genet 43: 442-446, 2012) suggest that care must be taken to ensure that increasing the frequency of genes with a positive influence on production does not negatively impact the fertility of the replacement females entering the herd. C1 [Cushman, Robert A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [McDaneld, Tara G.; Kuehn, Larry A.; Snelling, Warren M.; Nonneman, Dan] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cushman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bob.cushman@ars.usda.gov NR 124 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4614-8887-3; 978-1-4614-8886-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2014 VL 752 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3 PG 20 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA BA1IT UT WOS:000332629700005 PM 24170355 ER PT J AU Gedvilaite, A Jomantiene, R Dabrisius, J Norkiene, M Davis, RE AF Gedvilaite, Alma Jomantiene, Rasa Dabrisius, Jonas Norkiene, Milda Davis, Robert E. TI Functional analysis of a lipolytic protein encoded in phytoplasma phage based genomic island SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytoplasma; Phospholipase; Yeast ID SEQUENCE-VARIABLE MOSAICS; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; PLANT HOSTS; GENE; VIRULENCE; ENZYMES; CLONING AB Wall-less bacteria known as phytoplasmas are obligate transkingdom parasites and pathogens of plants and insect vectors. These unusual bacteria possess some of the smallest genomes known among pathogenic bacteria, and have never been successfully isolated in artificial culture. Disease symptoms induced by phytoplasmas in infected plants include abnormal growth and often severe yellowing of leaves, but mechanisms involved in phytoplasma parasitism and pathogenicity are little understood. A phage based genomic island (sequence variable mosaic, SVM) in the genome of Malaysian periwinkle yellows (MPY) phytoplasma harbors a gene encoding membrane-targeted proteins, including a putative phospholipase (PL), potentially important in pathogen-host interactions. Since some phytoplasmal disease symptoms could possibly be accounted for, at least in part, by damage and/or degradation of host cell membranes, we hypothesize that the MPY phytoplasma putative PL is an active enzyme. To test this hypothesis, functional analysis of the MPY putative pl gene-encoded protein was carried out in vitro after its expression in bacterial and yeast hosts. The results demonstrated that the heterologously expressed phytoplasmal putative PL is an active lipolytic enzyme and could possibly act as a pathogenicity factor in the plant, and/or insect, host. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Gedvilaite, Alma; Dabrisius, Jonas; Norkiene, Milda] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Biotechnol, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Jomantiene, Rasa; Norkiene, Milda] Nat Res Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), Nat Res Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania. EM rasa.jomantiene@yahoo.com FU Research Council of Lithuania [MIP-062/2011] FX This work was supported by Research Council of Lithuania, grant no. MIP-062/2011. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PY 2014 VL 169 IS 5-6 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.micres.2013.08.007 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AG0LV UT WOS:000335107900008 PM 24168924 ER PT J AU Jayakaran, AD Williams, TM Ssegane, H Amatya, DM Song, B Trettin, CC AF Jayakaran, A. D. Williams, T. M. Ssegane, H. Amatya, D. M. Song, B. Trettin, C. C. TI Hurricane impacts on a pair of coastal forested watersheds: implications of selective hurricane damage to forest structure and streamflow dynamics SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SPECIES EUCALYPT FOREST; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NORTH-CAROLINA; CATASTROPHIC WIND; PINE PLANTATIONS; TIME-SERIES; HYDROLOGY AB Hurricanes are infrequent but influential disruptors of ecosystem processes in the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Every southeastern forested wetland has the potential to be struck by a tropical cyclone. We examined the impact of Hurricane Hugo on two paired coastal South Carolina watersheds in terms of streamflow and vegetation dynamics, both before and after the hurricane's passage in 1989. The study objectives were to quantify the magnitude and timing of changes including a reversal in relative streamflow difference between two paired watersheds, and to examine the selective impacts of a hurricane on the vegetative composition of the forest. We related these impacts to their potential contribution to change watershed hydrology through altered evapotranspiration processes. Using over 30 years of monthly rainfall and streamflow data we showed that there was a significant transformation in the hydrologic character of the two watersheds - a transformation that occurred soon after the hurricane's passage. We linked the change in the rainfall-runoff relationship to a catastrophic change in forest vegetation due to selective hurricane damage. While both watersheds were located in the path of the hurricane, extant forest structure varied between the two watersheds as a function of experimental forest management techniques on the treatment watershed. We showed that the primary damage was to older pines, and to some extent larger hardwood trees. We believe that lowered vegetative water use impacted both watersheds with increased outflows on both watersheds due to loss of trees following hurricane impact. However, one watershed was able to recover to pre hurricane levels of evapotranspiration at a quicker rate due to the greater abundance of pine seedlings and saplings in that watershed. C1 [Jayakaran, A. D.; Williams, T. M.; Song, B.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC USA. [Ssegane, H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Amatya, D. M.; Trettin, C. C.] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC USA. RP Jayakaran, AD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC USA. EM ajayaka@clemson.edu RI Ssegane, Herbert/K-8098-2014; Jayakaran, Anand/M-2441-2016 OI Jayakaran, Anand/0000-0003-2605-9759 FU NIFA/USDA [SC1700394] FX The authors thank Andy Harrison for his significant contributions in assembling streamflow and rainfall data for watersheds 77 and 80. Dr. Jayakaran's contribution is based upon work supported by NIFA/USDA project number SC1700394, technical contribution number 6165 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1151 EP 1164 DI 10.5194/hess-18-1151-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AF1VJ UT WOS:000334501700017 ER PT S AU Yoon, SC Shin, TS Park, B Lawrence, KC Heitschmidt, GW AF Yoon, Seung-Chul Shin, Tae-Sung Park, Bosoon Lawrence, Kurt C. Heitschmidt, Gerald W. BE Niel, KS Bingham, PR TI Hyperspectral image reconstruction using RGB color for foodborne pathogen detection on agar plates SO IMAGE PROCESSING: MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Machine Vision Applications VII CY FEB 03-04, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Hyperspectral image reconstruction; Color; Hyperspectral imaging; Regression; non-O157 STEC; Foodborne pathogen; Pathogen detection ID REFLECTANCE; SEROGROUPS AB This paper reports the latest development of a color vision technique for detecting colonies of foodborne pathogens grown on agar plates with a hyperspectral image classification model that was developed using full hyperspectral data. The hyperspectral classification model depended on reflectance spectra measured in the visible and near-infrared spectral range from 400 and 1,000 nm (473 narrow spectral bands). Multivariate regression methods were used to estimate and predict hyperspectral data from RGB color values. The six representative non-O157 Shiga-toxin producing Eschetichia coli (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) were grown on Rainbow agar plates. A line-scan pushbroom hyperspectral image sensor was used to scan 36 agar plates grown with pure STEC colonies at each plate. The 36 hyperspectral images of the agar plates were divided in half to create training and test sets. The mean R-squared value for hyperspectral image estimation was about 0.98 in the spectral range between 400 and 700 nm for linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial regression models and the detection accuracy of the hyperspectral image classification model with the principal component analysis and k-nearest neighbors for the test set was up to 92% (99% with the original hyperspectral images). Thus, the results of the study suggested that color-based detection may be viable as a multispectral imaging solution without much loss of prediction accuracy compared to hyperspectral imaging. C1 [Yoon, Seung-Chul; Shin, Tae-Sung; Park, Bosoon; Lawrence, Kurt C.; Heitschmidt, Gerald W.] USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM seungchul.yoon@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9941-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9024 AR 90240I DI 10.1117/12.2041085 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA2ZS UT WOS:000334026000015 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Leng, X Hsu, FC Kritchevsky, SB Ding, J Earnest, CP Ferrucci, L Goodpaster, BH Guralnik, JM Lenchik, L Pahor, M Fielding, RA AF Liu, C. K. Leng, X. Hsu, F. -C. Kritchevsky, S. B. Ding, J. Earnest, C. P. Ferrucci, L. Goodpaster, B. H. Guralnik, J. M. Lenchik, L. Pahor, M. Fielding, R. A. TI THE IMPACT OF SARCOPENIA ON A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION: THE LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS AND INDEPENDENCE FOR ELDERS PILOT STUDY (LIFE-P) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Article DE Sarcopenia; physical activity; gait speed; short physical performance battery ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; HOME-BASED EXERCISE; OLDER-ADULTS; MOBILITY LIMITATION; AEROBIC EXERCISE; BODY-COMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; DISABILITY; HEALTH AB Objective: to determine if Sarcopenia modulates the response to a physical activity intervention in functionally limited older adults. Design: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting: three academic centers. Participants: elders aged 70 to 89 years at risk for mobility disability who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition at enrollment and follow-up at twelve months (N = 177). Intervention: subjects participated in a physical activity program (PA) featuring aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility training, or a successful aging (sa) educational program about healthy aging. Measurements: Sarcopenia as determined by measuring appendicular lean mass and adjusting for height and total body fat mass (residuals method), short Physical Performance Battery score (SPPB), and gait speed determined on 400 meter course. Results: at twelve months, Sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects in PA tended to have higher mean SPPB scores (8.7 +/- 0.5 and 8.7 +/- 0.2 points) compared to sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects in sa (8.3 +/- 0.5 and 8.4 +/- 0.2 points, p = 0.24 and 0.10), although the differences were not statistically significant. at twelve months, faster mean gait speeds were observed in PA: 0.93 +/- 0.4 and 0.95 +/- 0.03 meters/second in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic PA subjects, and 0.89 +/- 0.4 and 0.91 +/- 0.03 meters/second in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic sa subjects (p = 0.98 and 0.26), although not statistically significant. there was no difference between the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic groups in intervention adherence or number of adverse events. Conclusion: these data suggest that older adults with sarcopenia, who represent a vulnerable segment of the elder population, are capable of improvements in physical performance after a physical activity intervention. C1 [Liu, C. K.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, C. K.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Leng, X.; Hsu, F. -C.; Kritchevsky, S. B.; Ding, J.; Lenchik, L.; Fielding, R. A.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Earnest, C. P.] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Somerset, England. [Ferrucci, L.; Guralnik, J. M.] NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Goodpaster, B. H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Guralnik, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Pahor, M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chliu@bu.edu; roger.Fielding@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of aging [U01AG22376]; Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, and National Institutes of Health; Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper older Americans independence Center [1P30AG21332]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; Health resources and Services Administration [D01HP08796]; American Federation for Aging Research; John A. Hartford Foundation through the Center of Excellence in Geriatric Medicine Training Program FX the LiFe-P study was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of aging Cooperative agreement (U01AG22376) and sponsored in part by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, and National Institutes of Health. DXA imaging was supported by the Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper older Americans independence Center (1P30AG21332). Dr. Fielding was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, agreement no. 58-1950-0-014 and by the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679). Dr. Liu was supported by the Health resources and Services Administration (D01HP08796), the American Federation for Aging Research, and the John A. Hartford Foundation through the Center of Excellence in Geriatric Medicine Training Program. this work was presented at the 2011 annual Meeting of the American geriatrics society in national Harbor, Maryland. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 EI 1760-4788 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD JAN PY 2014 VL 18 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AF0JU UT WOS:000334400900011 PM 24402391 ER PT J AU Sandoya, GV Buanafina, MMD AF Sandoya, German V. Buanafina, Marcia Maria de Oliveira TI Differential responses of Brachypodium distachyon genotypes to insect and fungal pathogens SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium distachyon; Magnaporthe grisea; Sclerotinia homoeocarpa; Rhizsoctonia solani ID FESCUE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; POWDERY MILDEW INTERACTION; FERULIC ACID ESTERASE; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; TALL FESCUE; CELL-WALL; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; CREEPING BENTGRASS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; H2O2 ACCUMULATION AB To increase understanding of the interactions between Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome) and its pathogens, six diploid and two hexaploid Plant Introductions (PI) lines were assessed for their resistance/susceptibility to nine economically important fungal pathogens and two species of insect pests affecting closely related grass species. Naturally occurring variation in resistance was found, with two lines being the most resistant and one line being the most susceptible to most of the insects and pathogens tested. Evidence was found for differential activation of key genes in pathogen defense response pathways between susceptible and resistant lines. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sandoya, German V.; Buanafina, Marcia Maria de Oliveira] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sandoya, German V.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Genome Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Buanafina, MMD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gsandoya@ucdavis.edu; mmb26@psu.edu FU National Research Initiative on Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-02863] FX The authors acknowledge the National Research Initiative on Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grant No. 2008-02863 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, for funding. Drs. John Kaminski, Wakar Uddin and Yinong Yang at The Pennsylvania State University (PSU) for supplying the pathogens. Dr. Dawn Luthe at PSU for providing the FAW and Dr. Gary Puterka at Plant Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Stillwater, OK, for supplying the RWA (aphids). Vicki L. Bradley, USDA, ARS, WRPIS, Washington State University for supplying Brachypodium distachyon seeds. Dr. Mandeep Sharma for running some of the RT-PCRs and Dr. Phil Morris for critically reading the manuscript. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 85 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2014.01.001 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AE6HB UT WOS:000334090100008 ER PT S AU Cheng, HN Shah, S Wu, ML AF Cheng, H. N. Shah, Sadiq Wu, Marinda Li BE Cheng, HN Shah, S Wu, ML TI Partners for Progress and Prosperity in the Global Chemistry Enterprise SO VISION 2025: HOW TO SUCCEED IN THE GLOBAL CHEMISTRY ENTERPRISE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physicochemical Characterization of Organic Matter - Past, Present, Future, and Role of Environment / 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ ID THRIVE; ACS AB In the past several years, there have been many changes facing the global chemistry enterprise. Whereas the overall chemistry enterprise appears to be strong and the chemical industry is still a major contributor to GDP, many chemistry-based products have been commoditized, and chemical employment has been uneven, stronger in some countries and weaker in others. There is also persistent negative publicity towards chemicals and especially the chemical industry. To address such issues, ACS President Marinda Li Wu appointed a Presidential Task Force in 2012 to study both the challenges and opportunities. After much analysis and discussion, the Task Force developed seven recommendations dealing with jobs, advocacy, and globalization opportunities. Subsequently, the Task Force worked with 27 stakeholder national ACS committees and divisions to discuss implementation of these recommendations. Beneficial interactions have also been initiated with many sister chemical societies around the world as well as with our ACS international chapters. Already, several concrete steps towards implementation have been taken with respect to these seven recommendations. Our Task Force recommendations have been shared and well received by chemistry communities in academia, industry, and government both in the USA and worldwide. Working together, all of us can substantially help ACS members as well as other chemistry professionals thrive in the global chemistry enterprise. We are truly "Partners for Progress and Prosperity" where we can benefit by working together on common issues in order to transform challenges into opportunities. C1 [Cheng, H. N.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 71024 USA. [Shah, Sadiq] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Wu, Marinda Li] Amer Chem Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 71024 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2938-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1157 BP 3 EP + PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BA3EC UT WOS:000334129800001 ER PT J AU Bennett, MM Cook, K Owings, AA Yocum, G Rinehart, J Greenlee, KJ AF Bennett, M. M. Cook, K. Owings, A. A. Yocum, G. Rinehart, J. Greenlee, K. J. TI Low temperature stress during development and its effects on adult performance in alfalfa leafcutting bees SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA. Stevenson Univ, Stevenson, MD USA. USDA, Washington, DC USA. NDSU, Fargo, ND USA. EM meghan.bennett@my.ndsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E16 EP E16 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049500064 ER PT J AU Owings, AA Yocum, G Rinehart, J Kemp, W Greenlee, K AF Owings, A. A. Yocum, G. Rinehart, J. Kemp, W. Greenlee, K. TI The effect of post-diapause development on respiratory function in the alfalfa leaf-cutting bee, Megachile rotundata SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA. USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM aowings27@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E326 EP E326 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049502366 ER PT J AU Sanford, JL Dickens, JC Shields, VDC AF Sanford, J. L. Dickens, J. C. Shields, V. D. C. TI Gustatory Receptor Neuron in Gypsy Moth Larvae Responds to Selected Insect Repellents SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD USA. ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Researcher Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM jsanfo2@students.towson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP E343 EP E343 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD2FP UT WOS:000333049502436 ER PT J AU Silva, CJ AF Silva, Christopher J. TI Applying the tools of chemistry (mass spectrometry and covalent modification by small molecule reagents) to the detection of prions and the study of their structure SO PRION LA English DT Review DE mass spectrometry; prion; monoclonal antibody; covalent modification; Western blot; lysine ID METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASES; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; FTICR-MS METHOD; SCRAPIE PRION; AMINO-ACID; ELECTROSPRAY MASS; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; HYDROGEN/DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS AB Prions are molecular pathogens, able to convert a normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a prion (PrPSc). The information necessary for this conversion is contained in the conformation of PrPSc. Mass spectrometry (MS) and small-molecule covalent reactions have been used to study prions. Mass spectrometry has been used to detect and quantitate prions in the attomole range (10(-18 )mole). MS-based analysis showed that both possess identical amino acid sequences, one disulfide bond, a GPI anchor, asparagine-linked sugar antennae, and unoxidized methionines. Mass spectrometry has been used to define elements of the secondary and tertiary structure of wild-type PrPSc and GPI-anchorless PrPSc. It has also been used to study the quaternary structure of the PrPSc multimer. Small molecule reagents react differently with the same lysine in the PrPC conformation than in the PrPSc conformation. Such differences can be detected by Western blot using mAbs with lysine-containing epitopes, such as 3F4 and 6D11. This permits the detection of PrPSc without the need for proteinase K pretreatment and can be used to distinguish among prion strains. These results illustrate how two important chemical tools, mass spectrometry and covalent modification by small molecules, are being applied to the detection and structural study of prions. Furthermore these tools are or can be applied to the study of the other protein misfolding diseases such as Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, or ALS. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Silva, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM christopher.silva@ars.usda.gov OI Silva, Christopher/0000-0003-4521-6377 NR 119 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 SI SI BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.4161/pri.27891 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AE6PV UT WOS:000334116900006 PM 24509645 ER PT J AU Tonina, D Luce, C Gariglio, F AF Tonina, Daniele Luce, Charles Gariglio, Frank TI Quantifying streambed deposition and scour from stream and hyporheic water temperature time series SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE scour and deposition; monitoring; water temperature; streambed; erosion ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BENEATH ARROYOS; FLUID-FLOW; GROUNDWATER; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; PROFILES; DURATION; EXCHANGE; TRACER AB We propose a new method based on temperature time series of surface and streambed pore waters to monitor local changes in streambed surface elevations at a nominally daily time scale. The proposed method uses the naturally occurring daily temperature signal changes in amplitude and phase between stream water and the water flowing within the streambed sediment. Application of the method in a fine-bedded stream predicts the timing and magnitude of a prescribed sequence of scour and deposition. This provides a new, effective, easy to use, and economic methodology to monitor the temporal evolution of erosion and depositional patterns in rivers. C1 [Tonina, Daniele] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Luce, Charles] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Gariglio, Frank] CH2M Hill Inc, Boise, ID USA. RP Tonina, D (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, 322 East Front,Suite 340, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM dtonina@uidaho.edu RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1002/2013WR014567 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800020 ER PT J AU Winstral, A Marks, D AF Winstral, Adam Marks, Danny TI Long-term snow distribution observations in a mountain catchment: Assessing variability, time stability, and the representativeness of an index site SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE snow; distribution; heterogeneity; self-similarity ID TERRAIN-BASED PARAMETERS; WATER EQUIVALENT; REYNOLDS CREEK; UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; DEPTH; COVER; FOREST; MODEL; BASIN AB This study presents an analysis of snow distribution heterogeneity and the factors affecting this variability. The analysis focuses on manually sampled data from 21 snow surveys covering 11 years at the drift-dominated Reynolds Mountain East catchment (0.36 km(2)) in southwestern Idaho, USA. Surveys were conducted midwinter and in early spring. Interseason and intraseason trends were examined along with the time stability of distributions, goodness-of-fit to theoretical distributions, and the representativeness of an index site as a measure of basin-wide snow water equivalent. The average snow depth coefficient of variation (CV) over the entire time period was 0.71, which is in accordance with broad regional assessments. Higher wind speeds during snow events and increased melt led to increased heterogeneity and higher CVs. Forested sites produced lower CVs presumably due to moderated winds at these sites. Consistent wind directions produced accumulation patterns that were very stable from year-to-year. Many previous studies have suggested that vital subgrid snow heterogeneity in large-scale models can be approximated with parametric distributions. Gamma distributions were preferred over lognormal distributions in describing the overall distribution while in tree-covered regions with less variability there was little difference between the two. It was also found that an index site, akin to the majority of North American mountain weather observation stations, provided a reasonable approximation of catchment-averaged SWE in most years. However, the reliability of this measure decreased in years that deviated from normal patterns. C1 [Winstral, Adam; Marks, Danny] ARS, USDA, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Winstral, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM adam.winstral@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS Understanding Snow and Hydrologic Processes in Mountainous Terrain with a Changing Climate [5362-13610-008-00D]; USDA-ARS Headquarters Student Career Experience Program (SCEP); USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project [5352-136100-009-14R]; USDA-NRCS Water and Climate Center-Portland, OR [5362-13610-008-03R]; NSF-CBET [0854553]; NSF-MRI [EAR-1126887]; NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program [EPS-0814387] FX We thank all of the field personnel who helped collect these data in often inclement weather. Mark Seyfried, Gerald Flerchinger, Mark Murdock, Patrick Kormos, and Alex Boehm deserve special recognition for participating in many of these surveys. We would also like to thank Michael Schirmer, Thomas Grunewald and an anonymous reviewer for their very insightful comments and suggestions. The data and analysis presented in this paper were funded in part by USDA-ARS CRIS Understanding Snow and Hydrologic Processes in Mountainous Terrain with a Changing Climate (5362-13610-008-00D), USDA-ARS Headquarters Student Career Experience Program (SCEP), USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (5352-136100-009-14R), USDA-NRCS Water and Climate Center-Portland, OR (5362-13610-008-03R), NSF-CBET(0854553), NSF-MRI (EAR-1126887) and NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program (EPS-0814387). Any reference to specific equipment types or manufacturers is for information purposes and does not represent a product endorsement or recommendation. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1002/2012WR013038 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800021 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Yilmaz, MT AF Crow, W. T. Yilmaz, M. Tugrul TI The Auto-Tuned Land Data Assimilation System ( ATLAS) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; soil moisture; remote sensing ID SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE; TRIPLE COLLOCATION AB Land data assimilation systems are commonly tasked with merging remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals with information derived from a soil water balance model driven by observed rainfall. The performance of such systems can be degraded by the incorrect specification of parameters describing modeling and observation errors. Here the Auto-Tuned Land Data Assimilation System (ATLAS) is introduced to simultaneously solve for all parameters required for the application of a simple land data assimilation system to integrate satellite-based rainfall and soil moisture retrievals for drought monitoring applications. The approach is based on combining a triple collocation (TC) strategy with the statistical analysis of filtering innovations and designed to leverage the simultaneous availability of satellite-based soil moisture products acquired from both active and passive microwave remote sensing. A number of variants of the ATLAS approacheach based on a different strategy for leveraging TC and innovation analysis within an adaptive filtering frameworkare derived and evaluated through a synthetic twin experiment. In addition, a preliminary real data analysis is conducted using actual satellite-based products and evaluated against independent ground-based observations. Results illustrate the potential of ATLAS to improve the analysis of soil moisture anomalies using data products derived from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and the NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive missions. Key Points It is difficult to optimally parameterize a land data assimilation system Existing approaches are biased by auto- and cross-correlated errors We derive a new approach which is more robust to nonideal errors C1 [Crow, W. T.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ankara, Turkey. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Rm 104,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov FU W.T. Crow's membership on the NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) Science Definition Team FX This research was partially supported by W.T. Crow's membership on the NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) Science Definition Team. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 371 EP 385 DI 10.1002/2013WR014550 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800026 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, MT Anderson, MC Zaitchik, B Hain, CR Crow, WT Ozdogan, M Chun, JA Evans, J AF Yilmaz, M. Tugrul Anderson, Martha C. Zaitchik, Ben Hain, Chris R. Crow, Wade T. Ozdogan, Mutlu Chun, Jong Ahn Evans, Jason TI Comparison of prognostic and diagnostic surface flux modeling approaches over the Nile River basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diagnostic modeling; prognostic modeling; Nile; surface flux modeling ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; MAPPING DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; BUILDING CLIMATE RESILIENCE; BLUE NILE/ABAY HIGHLANDS; ENERGY-BALANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; SENSING DATA; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS AB Regional evapotranspiration (ET) can be estimated using diagnostic remote sensing models, generally based on principles of energy balance closure, or with spatially distributed prognostic models that simultaneously balance both energy and water budgets over landscapes using predictive equations for land surface temperature and moisture states. Each modeling approach has complementary advantages and disadvantages, and in combination they can be used to obtain more accurate ET estimates over a variety of land and climate conditions, particularly for areas with limited ground truth data. In this study, energy and water flux estimates from diagnostic Atmosphere-Land Exchange (ALEXI) and prognostic Noah land surface models are compared over the Nile River basin between 2007 and 2011. A second remote sensing data set, generated with Penman-Monteith approach as implemented in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD16 ET product, is also included as a comparative technique. In general, spatial and temporal distributions of flux estimates from ALEXI and Noah are similar in regions where the climate is temperate and local rainfall is the primary source of water available for ET. However, the diagnostic ALEXI model is better able to retrieve ET signals not directly coupled with the local precipitation rates, for example, over irrigated agricultural areas or regions influenced by shallow water tables. These hydrologic features are not well represented by either Noah or MOD16. Evaluation of consistency between diagnostic and prognostic model estimates can provide useful information about relative product skill, particularly over regions where ground data are limited or nonexistent as in the Nile basin. Key Points Diagnostic ALEXI and prognostic Noah models are compared ALEXI better retrieve ET signals due to nonprecipitation-related sources C1 [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; Anderson, Martha C.; Crow, Wade T.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Zaitchik, Ben] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hain, Chris R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ozdogan, Mutlu] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI USA. [Chun, Jong Ahn] APEC Climate Ctr, Pusan, South Korea. [Evans, Jason] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Yilmaz, MT (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Div Water Resources, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM tuyilmaz@metu.edu.tr RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Evans, Jason/F-3716-2011; OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Evans, Jason/0000-0003-1776-3429; Ozdogan, Mutlu/0000-0002-1707-3375 FU NASA Applied Sciences program FX We thank NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) for Noah and The University of Montana for MODIS data sets. This work was supported in part by a grant from the NASA Applied Sciences program. NR 99 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 386 EP 408 DI 10.1002/2013WR014194 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800027 ER PT S AU Finn, CE Hancock, JF Olmstead, JW Brazelton, DM AF Finn, C. E. Hancock, J. F. Olmstead, J. W. Brazelton, D. M. BE VanKooten, O Brouns, F TI Welcome to the Party! Blueberry Breeding Mixes Private and Public with Traditional and Molecular to Create a Vibrant New Cocktail SO X INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM AND OTHER SUPERFRUITS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE Vaccinium; marker-assisted breeding; patents; plant breeder rights ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; EST-PCR MARKERS; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM L.; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; COLD-ACCLIMATION; SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; CROSS; IDENTIFICATION; LIBRARIES AB Blueberry cultivar development has never been this vibrant. Twenty years ago, most of the commercial cultivars had been ably developed by the USDA-ARS program headed by Arlen Draper or the North Carolina State University program under Jim Ballington. While there had been successes in the early breeding of cultivars adapted to low-chill regions, the game-changing program run by Paul Lyrene at the University of Florida was just getting its legs. In contrast, there are now active and successful public programs in Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, and Florida in the US as well as Japan. New fledgling public programs are in place in Oregon, British Columbia, Chile and Poland. Private programs that were only in the realm of hobbyists 20 years ago are now starting to release cultivars that will have a commercial impact. These private programs are in North and South America, Europe and Australia/New Zealand. They are rushing to fill needs in unique production areas such as Mexico. The cultivar release process utilized by these varying programs can be quite diverse. The cultivars released from the public programs in the US are often available to US producers with no limitations on who can license them. When public programs begin to look outside of North America, they often arrange exclusive licensing with a single company. With private programs, whether in the US or worldwide, the strategies can be quite different. Some programs keep their cultivars only within their company's growers, others partner with a handful of exclusive partners, and others allow anyone to grow their cultivars. These agreements can further shift and morph into other types of agreements when the program moves their material into international markets. The first public-private licensing arrangements have also been developed that allow the use of breeding parents for a royalty share. While the future will have a mix of public and privately developed cultivars, compared to decades past, private programs will reach a new level of importance. Traditional breeding techniques will be counted on in all of these breeding programs for the foreseeable future, but for the first time marker-assisted blueberry breeding will be feasible. Blueberry cultivar development will be explosive in the next decade, with the possibility to achieve new levels of fruit quality and previously elusive products such as a dependable, machine-harvested fresh pack. Blueberries have been the darling of consumers and of the news media, particularly as related to their purported health benefits, for nearly two decades. They are wonderful to eat, they ship and process well, and they are great for you. This rising interest has led to production spreading around the world in non-traditional and traditional production areas. To meet this demand, cultivar development programs have been pushed hard and new public and private programs developed all with the bottom line goal of developing cultivars that are profitable to produce in a wide variety of environments and that consumers want to buy. While these breeding programs are relying on traditional breeding techniques, in the quest to develop new cultivars more quickly and ever more efficiently, the interest and research in using genomics is rapidly increasing. Soon, the question will be not whether using these tools is technically feasible, but rather, are they affordable, do they offer advantages that can be justified, are breeders really willing to throw away so much germplasm without seeing it in the field? Blueberry researchers are having quite a party as breeding mixes private and public with traditional and molecular to create a vibrant new cocktail. C1 [Finn, C. E.] USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olmstead, J. W.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hancock, J. F.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI USA. [Brazelton, D. M.] Fall Creek Farm & Nursery, Lowell, OR USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-94-62610-02-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2014 VL 1017 BP 51 EP 61 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BA2NA UT WOS:000333701000003 ER PT S AU Lee, J Dossett, M Finn, CE AF Lee, Jungmin Dossett, M. Finn, C. E. BE VanKooten, O Brouns, F TI Anthocyanin Rich Black Raspberries Can Be Made Even Better SO X INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM AND OTHER SUPERFRUITS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE bramble; flavonoid; phenolic; pigment; Rubus ID PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; COLOR AB Our research group has worked the last seven years on developing black raspberries with improved disease resistance and phytochemical traits. We have been awarded USDA/NIFA-Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI) funding to continue our project as a multi-region and international collaboration enhancing black raspberries. Current interest in the rich color of black raspberries, and their historical use as an effective dye, derive from their anthocyanin composition and content. Here, we report our findings on 1044 analyzed samples, including new data from 78 wild populations representing 18 states and two Canadian provinces. All were collected as wild seedlings, grown in a common environment, and evaluated over two growing seasons. Total anthocyanins in normally pigmented fruit ranged from 39-996 mg.100 ml(-1) (expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside; 25 fold difference), confirming that not all black raspberries are equal in natural pigment production. We have also identified a unique mutant black raspberry that lacks rutinoside-containing anthocyanins. Until the discovery of this mutant, the anthocyanins of black raspberries were considered to comprise of (in elution order): cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, and peonidin-3-rutinoside. A reassessment of the literature, concurrent with our data, showed that some reports had misidentified cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside as cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-rhamnoside. We recently published a review article to rectify many such conflicting issues with black raspberry information. Our presentation will incorporate some of these findings. C1 [Lee, Jungmin] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Worksite,29603 U I Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Dossett, M.] Agr & Agri Food Canada Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M IA0, Canada. [Finn, C. E.] United States Dept Agr, Agric Res Serv, Hortic Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Worksite,29603 U I Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM Jungmin.Lee@ars.usda.gov; Michael.Dossett@agr.gc.ca; Chad.Finn@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA/ NIFA- Specialty Crops Research Initiative ( SCRI); USDA- ARS Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission; USDA- Agricultural Research Service ( ARS) CRIS [5358- 21000- 041- 00D, 5358- 21000- 037- 00D] FX We would like to thank the USDA/ NIFA- Specialty Crops Research Initiative ( SCRI), USDA- ARS Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, the Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission, and USDA- Agricultural Research Service ( ARS) CRIS numbers 5358- 21000- 041- 00D, 5358- 21000- 037- 00D for funding as well as Mary Peterson, Ted Mackey, Chris Rennaker, Erin Ortiz, Sumi Maristany, and Brian Yorgey ( OSU) for their technical assistance with this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-94-62610-02-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2014 VL 1017 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BA2NA UT WOS:000333701000012 ER PT S AU Lee, J Rennaker, C AF Lee, Jungmin Rennaker, C. BE VanKooten, O Brouns, F TI American Cranberry Products: Proanthocyanidin Purification and Concentrations SO X INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM AND OTHER SUPERFRUITS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE condensed tannin; phenolic; polyphenolic; sample preparation ID EXTRACTION; WINE AB American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) phenolics have important roles within the plant; they also contribute to harvest and product quality, and have potential human health benefits. Proanthocyanidins (phenolic polymers) may aid in preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs), although literature results have been mixed. The disparity among cranberry clinical trials might be due to natural variation in proanthocyanidin, or other phytochemical content. Differences between methods for purification and analyses also contribute to the wide range of concentrations reported. In this study five common sample purification techniques were evaluated prior to phloroglucinolysis (acid catalysis of proanthocyanidins in the presence of excess phloroglucinol; using two incubation periods), followed by HPLC analysis of proanthocyanidin. An optimized purification method was then used to identify and quantify the proanthocyanidins (extension and terminal units of epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, A-type trimer, A2) of commercially available cranberry products (juices, concentrates, tablets, and capsules; n=17). Both size exclusion beads were found suitable for proanthocyanidin purification, and proanthocyanidin extension and terminal units composition were contingent upon the cleanup procedure utilized. These data illustrate that purification methods should be given consideration prior to conducting any cranberry proanthocyanidin analyses, and have to be accounted for when comparing values between studies. C1 [Lee, Jungmin; Rennaker, C.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit Parma Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit Parma Worksite, 29603 U I Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM Jungmin.Lee@ars.usda.gov; Chris.Rennaker@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-94-62610-02-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2014 VL 1017 BP 363 EP 368 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BA2NA UT WOS:000333701000044 ER PT S AU Machado, RMA Bryla, DR Vargas, O AF Machado, R. M. A. Bryla, D. R. Vargas, O. BE VanKooten, O Brouns, F TI Effects of Salinity Induced by Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer on Root and Shoot Growth of Highbush Blueberry SO X INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM AND OTHER SUPERFRUITS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE Vaccinium corymbosum; biomass allocation; electrical conductivity; nitrogen; plant dry matter; salt stress AB Ammonium sulfate fertilizer is commonly used in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) but often causes salt damage, particularly in young plants, when high rates are applied. Three experiments were done to determine the sensitivity of ` Bluecrop' blueberry to ammonium sulfate and identify the salinity threshold at which plant growth was affected. In the first experiment, plants were grown in pots and fertigated two to three times per week with 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5 g u L-1 ammonium sulfate solution. Electrical conductivity of the solutions (ECw) increased linearly with fertilizer rate and averaged 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 dS . m(-1), respectively. Plants fertigated with 1.5 g center dot L-1 ammonium sulfate produced less leaves and roots and had a lower leaf to stem dry weight ratio than those fertilized with 0 or 0.25 g center dot L-1 , which indicates that root and leaf growth in blueberry was sensitive to ECw > 1.5 dS center dot m(-1). In the second experiment, plants in pots were fertilized with ammonium sulfate or urea at a frequency of three times per week, weekly, or every 28 days, using the same total amount of nitrogen (N) in each treatment over a 4-week period. In this case, plant growth was higher with ammonium sulfate than with urea but also higher, regardless of fertilizer source, when plants were fertilized more frequently. In the third experiment, plants were grown in the field with no N fertilizer or with ammonium sulfate or urea applied by weekly fertigations or by a triple-split application of granular fertilizer at a total rate of 133 kg center dot ha(-1) N during the third year after planting. Yield in the plants was greater with fertigation or with granular urea than with granular ammonium sulfate, the latter of which resulted in ECw levels in the soil solution as high as 13 dS center dot m(-1). In the field, fertilizer programs and practices such as fertigation that maintain ECw < 2 dS center dot m(-1) are recommended for highbush blueberry. C1 [Machado, R. M. A.] Univ Evora, Dept Fitotecnia ICAAM, Evora, Portugal. [Bryla, D. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Corps Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. [Vargas, O.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Machado, RMA (reprint author), Univ Evora, Dept Fitotecnia ICAAM, Evora, Portugal. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-94-62610-02-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2014 VL 1017 BP 407 EP 414 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BA2NA UT WOS:000333701000049 ER PT S AU Bryla, DR Vargas, O AF Bryla, D. R. Vargas, O. BE VanKooten, O Brouns, F TI Nitrogen Fertilizer Practices for Rapid Establishment of Highbush Blueberry: a Review of Six Years of Research SO X INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM AND OTHER SUPERFRUITS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE Vaccinium corymbosum; ammonium-N; controlled-release fertilizer; drip irrigation; fertigation; granular fertilizer; humic acids; nitrogen uptake; soil salinity AB Three field trials were conducted in Oregon, USA, from 2006 to 2011 to evaluate nitrogen (N) fertilizer practices for establishment of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). In the first trial, planted in April 2006, we compared the effects of N fertigation (injection of fertilizer through a drip system) to conventional granular fertilizer application in 'Bluecrop' blueberry and found that fertigation produced more growth and less salt injury in young plants than granular fertilizers, but fertigation required >= 150 kg . ha(-1) N to reach maximum plant growth potential during the first 2 years after planting. More N was needed by fertigation because NH4-N, the preferred form of N by blueberry, is immobile in soil. Unlike granular fertilizer, which was applied by hand around the base of the plants, much of the injected fertilizer wound up between the young plants and therefore was unavailable for plant uptake. In the second trial, planted in October 2008, we examined the effects of fertigation using three different methods of water placement in six cultivars of blueberry, including 'Earliblue', 'Duke', 'Bluecrop', 'Draper', 'Elliott', and 'Aurora', and found that two laterals of drip, which is now a common practice in blueberry, was worse in each cultivar than a single line. Drip emitters with two lines placed the NH4-N fertilizer too far from the roots of the young plants and resulted in low leaf tissue N levels. The third and most recent trial was planted with 'Draper' in October 2010. The objective of this study was to identify fertilizer practices that increase N uptake and plant productivity during establishment, including humic acids, controlled-release fertilizers, and small but safe application of granular fertilizer shortly after planting. We hypothesized that any fertilizer method that increases availability of soil N in the root zone during establishment will also likely improve early growth and production. After 1 year, we found once again that drip placement was important, where fertigation with one or two laterals located near the base of the plants produced more growth than two laterals located 0.2 m from each side of the plants, even when granular or slow-release fertilizer was applied in early spring prior to fertigation. Fertigation with humic acid fertilizer or urea sulfuric acid also produced better growth than liquid urea commonly used in blueberry. Work is underway to further evaluate the response of blueberry to different forms NH4-N fertilizer. C1 [Bryla, D. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Vargas, O.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-94-62610-02-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2014 VL 1017 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BA2NA UT WOS:000333701000050 ER PT J AU Macko-Podgorni, A Iorizzo, M Smolka, K Simon, PW Grzebelus, D AF Macko-Podgorni, Alicja Iorizzo, Massimo Smolka, Krzysztof Simon, Philipp W. Grzebelus, Dariusz TI Conversion of a diversity arrays technology marker differentiating wild and cultivated carrots to a co-dominant cleaved amplified polymorphic site marker SO ACTA BIOCHIMICA POLONICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Central European Congress of Life Sciences (EUROBIOTECH) CY 2013 CL Krakow, POLAND DE carrot; domestication; DArT; CAPS ID DAUCUS-CAROTA L.; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DOMESTICATION; INTROGRESSION; INHERITANCE; REVEALS; PURPLE; GENOME AB Cultivated carrot and its wild ancestor co-occur in most temperate regions of the world and can easily hybridize. The genetic basis of the process of domestication in carrot is not well understood. Recent results of an investigation on genetic diversity structure of cultivated and wild carrot and signatures for domestication using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) allowed identification of polymorphisms differentiating wild and cultivated accessions. We selected one of these polymorphisms, showing the strongest evidence for directional selection in the course of domestication, and converted it into a co-dominant cleaved amplified polymorphic site (CAPS) marker named cult. To achieve that, we designed site-specific primers anchored in sequences flanking the original DArT clone, amplified and sequenced the PCR products derived from cultivated and wild carrot. A PstI restriction site present in the 'cultivated' variant and absent in the 'wild' was subsequently used for routine differentiation the two variants. We validated the cult marker on 88 accessions of cultivated and wild carrot, each represented by five individuals. The allelic variant associated with the wild phenotype was only rarely observed in cultivated carrot, mostly in purple-rooted accessions originating Turkey and Iran, possibly indicating that the physical association between the diagnostic polymorphism and the putative 'domestication gene' has been broken in a group of Eastern carrots. C1 [Macko-Podgorni, Alicja; Smolka, Krzysztof; Grzebelus, Dariusz] Agr Univ Krakow, Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland. [Iorizzo, Massimo; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Macko-Podgorni, A (reprint author), Agr Univ Krakow, Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland. EM mackoa@ogr.ar.krakow.pl RI Grzebelus, Dariusz/I-8832-2014 OI Grzebelus, Dariusz/0000-0001-6999-913X NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACTA BIOCHIMICA POLONICA PI WARSAW PA PASTEURA 3, 02-093 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0001-527X EI 1734-154X J9 ACTA BIOCHIM POL JI Acta Biochim. Pol. PY 2014 VL 61 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AD8UU UT WOS:000333542000004 PM 24644550 ER PT J AU Thistle, HW White, JA Backer, DM Ghent, JH Throop, WE Bean, TM Siegel, D Psillas, JL AF Thistle, H. W. White, J. A. Backer, D. M. Ghent, J. H. Throop, W. E. Bean, T. M. Siegel, D. Psillas, J. L. TI A BUFFELGRASS AERIAL SPRAYING PILOT PROJECT: SPRAY APPLICATION AND DEPOSITION SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Aerial application; Glyphosate; Herbicide; Invasive species; Pesticide deposition; Deposition tracer ID DROPLET EVAPORATION; GLYPHOSATE DRIFT; SIZE AB A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of aerially spraying buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) with glyphosate in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. Buffelgrass is an invasive grass that is spreading rapidly and has catastrophic ecological impacts. Spraying was conducted using a helicopter and extremely coarse drops. Blue dye was used as a deposition tracer This work indicates that it is possible to aerially spray buffelgrass in this setting though it is difficult to get herbicide to deposit in hot, dry, unstable, midday conditions. The extremely complex, broken terrain and the small spray blocks targeted in this project are a challenge to precision application. C1 [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [White, J. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Backer, D. M.] Natl Pk Serv, Tucson, AZ USA. [Ghent, J. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. [Bean, T. M.] Univ Arizona, Tempe, AZ USA. [Throop, W. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Siegel, D.; Psillas, J. L.] Pima Cty Nat Resources Pk & Recreat, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Thistle, HW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM hthistle@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE3II UT WOS:000333869800003 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Fritz, BK Ledebuhr, MA AF Hoffmann, W. C. Fritz, B. K. Ledebuhr, M. A. TI EVALUATION OF 1, 3, 6, 8-PYRENE TETRA SULFONIC ACID TETRA SODIUM SALT (PTSA) AS AN AGRICULTURAL SPRAY TRACER DYE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural sprays; Dye recovery; Dye degradation; PTSA; Tracer dyes AB The ability to measure spray deposition and movement with the use of tracer materials is a necessity for agricultural application research. Ideally, any tracer material used is highly soluble in the solution being sprayed, easily recoverable from both artificial and plant samples, stable in solution, and not easily or quickly degraded in sunlight. The objective of this work was to evaluate 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrene tetra sulfonic acid tetra sodium salt (PTSA) for these properties. Comparison of four solvents showed that a 10% isopropyl alcohol solution provided the maximum recovery of PTSA deposits. Once in solution, PTSA proved to be highly stable, with no significant degradation after a week. Exposed to sunlight, PTSA deposits degraded less than 5% to 6% in the first 20 min and less than 15% to 20% after an hour. Examining recoverability from a variety of plant samples averaged approximately 80% recovery of total PTSA deposits. In addition to being readily available and affordable, PTSA proved to be an excellent option for agricultural spray research. C1 [Hoffmann, W. C.; Fritz, B. K.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. [Ledebuhr, M. A.] Applicat Insight LLC, Lansing, MI USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), 3103 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM clint.hoffmann@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE3II UT WOS:000333869800004 ER PT J AU Yu, P Li, C Takeda, F Krewer, G AF Yu, P. Li, C. Takeda, F. Krewer, G. TI VISUAL BRUISE ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL IMPACT MEASUREMENT IN SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Instrumented sphere; Blueberry; Sensor Accelerometer; Impact; Bruising probability ID RECORDING DEVICE; INSTRUMENTED SPHERE; DAMAGE THRESHOLDS; HARVESTER AB Blueberries are prone to bruise damages and the majority of the fruit destined for the fresh market is hand-harvested. The industry needs to harvest fruit mechanically to reduce harvest cost and improve production efficiency while maintaining fresh market quality. In this study the bruise susceptibility of three firm-textured and one soft-textured highbush blueberry genotypes was related with the data recorded by the berry impact recording device (BIRD) by dropping both the fruit and the BIRD sensor onto two types of contacting surfaces (hard plastic and padding material). Bruise damages were evaluated by dropping the fruit from certain heights and assessing for tissue discoloration afterwards. The drop test confirmed that a soft-textured genotype ('Scintilla') was more susceptible to bruising (76% bruise incidence at 120 cm drop height on hard plastic surface) than the firm-textured genotypes ('Farthing,' 'Sweetcrisp,' and selection FL 05-528) (31-68% bruise incidence under the same drop condition). The selection was proven to be a promising machine harvestable genotype in terms of the resistance to bruising. The bruise incidences were related to the impact data recorded by the sensor Using peak acceleration alone revealed a close relationship between BIRD sensor measurements and fruit bruising incidence when the sensor and fruit were dropped on hard plastic surfaces, but a close relationship between bruise incidence and sensor measurement was not established on the padded surface. Using both the peak acceleration and velocity change, we established bruising zones for each of the four highbush genotypes. This was useful in translating the impact data recorded by the BIRD sensor into bruising probability of a blueberry genotype. The sensor and the interpretation method relating fruit damage to BIRD data enable evaluation of various padding materials and machine designs in terms of the bruise damage they produce in the blueberry fruit. C1 [Yu, P.; Li, C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Takeda, F.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Krewer, G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA USA. RP Li, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Boyd Grad Res Ctr 712F, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cyli@uga.edu FU USDA NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2008-51180-19579] FX This project was funded by the USDA NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Award No. 2008-51180-19579). Authors would like to thank the technical support provided by Gary Burnham, Tim Rutland, Breyn Evans, and Ann Rose. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE3II UT WOS:000333869800005 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL King, BA AF Bjorneberg, D. L. King, B. A. TI GROUNDWATER USE ON SOUTHERN IDAHO DAIRIES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Dairy farm; Groundwater withdrawal; Water use ID WATER-INTAKE; COWS AB Dairy production has expanded in irrigated areas of the western and southwestern United States, potentially competing for limited water supplies. Groundwater withdrawal was measured for two years on six dairy farms with 660 to 6400 milk cows in southern Idaho. Groundwater withdrawal was calculated on an equivalent cow basis to account for relative differences in the numbers of milk cows, dry cows, heifers, and calves on each farm. Average groundwater withdrawal from each dairy varied from 110 to 250 L d(-1) eq. cow(-1) with an overall average of 190 L d(-1) eq. cow(-1) for the six farms. On an area basis, groundwater withdrawal varied from 180 to 880 mm y(-1) on each farm with a mean of 530 mm y(-1). Estimated annual irrigation requirements in southern Idaho are 510 mm for spring barley, 590 for corn, and 920 for alfalfa Wastewater that was available for irrigation was only measured on three farms and varied from 21 to 150 L d(-1) eq. cow(-1), with the highest amounts from a freestall dairy. Assuming that wastewater replaced a portion of groundwater used for irrigation, the net groundwater used on these three dairies was 290 to 370 mm y(-1). Data from these six dairies indicated that groundwater withdrawal by dairy farms was similar or less than the amount of water required to meet evapotranspiration needs of irrigated crops in southern Idaho, especially if wastewater is used to offset irrigation and is not applied in addition to irrigation. C1 [Bjorneberg, D. L.; King, B. A.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM dave.bjorneberg@ars.usda.gov FU Independent Dairy Environmental Action League [58-5368-9-127] FX The study was partially supported by funding from the Independent Dairy Environmental Action League through agreement no. 58-5368-9-127. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE3II UT WOS:000333869800006 ER PT J AU Casanova, JJ Schwartz, RC Evett, SR AF Casanova, J. J. Schwartz, R. C. Evett, S. R. TI DESIGN AND FIELD TESTS OF A DIRECTLY COUPLED WAVEGUIDE-ON-ACCESS-TUBE SOIL WATER SENSOR SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sensors; Soil water; Digital; TDR; Electromagnetics ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON PROBE; CALIBRATION AB Sensor systems capable of monitoring soil water content can provide a useful tool for irrigation control. Current systems are limited by installation depth and labor, accuracy, and cost. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is an approach for monitoring soil water content that relates the travel time of an electromagnetic pulse on a waveguide to the water content of the soil. This article discusses the design, installation, lab testing, and field testing of a novel TDR sensor, using a multi-segmented, waveguide-on-access-tube (WOAT) geometry. The segmented WOAT approach allows for ease of assembly and installation of the sensor stack to the desired depth. Additionally, this sensor incorporates circuits embedded in the sensor body itself, directly coupled to the waveguides, eliminating problems associated with cabling encountered in previous WOAT embodiments. Despite some initial problems with mechanical strength of the prototype sensors, the WOAT equipment provided quality TDR waveforms and long-time reflection coefficients on a daily basis at multiple depths over the course of several months, providing data for both soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity estimates. When properly calibrated, the WOAT data were comparable to concurrent measurements of soil water content using a neutron probe, though there were differences due to the disparity in sensing volumes. Overall, we show that this is a promising new sensor design. C1 [Casanova, J. J.; Schwartz, R. C.; Evett, S. R.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Casanova, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM joaquin.casanova@gmail.com FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas A&M AgriLife Research; Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. Brice Ruthardt for help in probe construction. This research was supported by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE3II UT WOS:000333869800014 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Prasifka, J Brabec, D Haff, R Hulke, B AF Pearson, T. C. Prasifka, J. Brabec, D. Haff, R. Hulke, B. TI AUTOMATED DETECTION OF INSECT-DAMAGED SUNFLOWER SEEDS BY X-RAY IMAGING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Classification; Morphology; Rapid; Single seed ID CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; GRAINS; WHEAT; MOTH AB The development of insect-resistant sunflowers is hindered by the lack of a quick and effective method for scoring samples in terms of insect damage. The current method for scoring insect damage, which involves manual inspection of seeds for holes bored into the shell, is tedious, requiring approximately 10 min per 100-kernel sample. In this study, a method was developed to quickly position 72 to 144 sunflower seeds in a grid of closely packed, non-touching seeds consistently oriented for X-ray imaging. A computer program was developed to analyze the images and classify each seed as damaged or undamaged Applying the program to 20 different samples comprising 11 sunflower lines and infestation by three different species of insects resulted in an overall classification accuracy for damaged and undamaged seeds of 95% and 99%, respectively. The method takes approximately 3 min per sample. The detection algorithm uses a simple but novel method for detecting seeds having asymmetrical morphology due to insect feeding. The method should aid in scoring sunflower seed varieties for insect resistance and could also be applied to other applications, such as detecting broken seeds. C1 [Pearson, T. C.; Brabec, D.] USDA ARS CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Prasifka, J.; Hulke, B.] USDA ARS RRVARC, Fargo, ND USA. [Haff, R.] USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS CGAHR, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thomas.pearson@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE3II UT WOS:000333869800016 ER PT J AU Olson, LE Sauder, JD Albrecht, NM Vinkey, RS Cushman, SA Schwartz, MK AF Olson, Lucretia E. Sauder, Joel D. Albrecht, Nathan M. Vinkey, Ray S. Cushman, Samuel A. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Modeling the effects of dispersal and patch size on predicted fisher (Pekania [Martes] pennanti) distribution in the US Rocky Mountains SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Colonization; Fishers; Pekania pennanti; Species distribution model; Dispersal; Patch size ID HOME-RANGE CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT SUITABILITY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; THRESHOLD CRITERIA; SHIFTS; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; VELOCITY; SNOW AB Climate change impacts many species through shifts in habitat. The intensity of this impact will depend on the dispersal rates of the species, the patchiness of the environment, and the velocity of habitat change. Here we examine how dispersal affects projected future habitat availability for a threatened carnivore, the fisher (Pekania [Martes] pennanti). We used non-invasive genetic sampling to detect fisher across their historical distribution in Montana and Idaho. This survey included 4846 non-invasive hair snares, of which 288 identified fishers through mitochondrial DNA analysis. We modeled the distribution of fisher across western Montana and northern Idaho using a suite of vegetative, topographic, and climatic variables. We modeled future distribution using a global climate model and two climate change scenarios (high emissions [A2] or reduced emissions [B2]) and three time steps (2030, 2060, and 2090). We incorporated the effects of dispersal ability and habitat patch size into our model by varying the distance and enforcing a minimum patch size at which newly created habitat could be colonized. We found that the probability of current fisher occurrence was highest given the presence of mesic forest types with tall trees, high annual precipitation, and mid-range winter temperatures. Future predictions show an increase in area of high-probability habitat under most dispersal assumptions. Interestingly, we found a large contrast in results when minimum patch size and species dispersal capabilities were considered. Our distribution model with full dispersal and no limits on patch size predicted a 24.5% increase in fisher habitat by 2090, whereas a dispersal limit of 1 km through non-habitat (agricultural fields and urban zones) and a minimum patch size yielded a loss of 25.8% of fisher habitat under this same scenario. Varying dispersal appears to limit habitat availability more than minimum patch size under most scenarios. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, Lucretia E.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Sauder, Joel D.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Albrecht, Nathan M.] Coeur dAlene Tribe, Wildlife Program, Plummer, ID 83851 USA. [Vinkey, Ray S.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Philipsburg, MT 59858 USA. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU RIM board in R1 of the Forest Service; USFWS; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks; Idaho Fish and Game; Great Northern LCC FX We would like to thank the many field personnel who helped on the noninvasive genetic sampling portion of this study. We thank the RIM board in R1 of the Forest Service, the USFWS, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Idaho Fish and Game, and the Great Northern LCC (Grant to MKS) for funding this project. We thank C. Engkjer and K. Pilgrim for laboratory assistance. We also thank the following individuals who provided excellent comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript: J. Tucker, M. Lucid, and T. Cross. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 169 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.022 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD9GX UT WOS:000333574400011 ER PT J AU Que, YX Pan, YB Lu, YH Yang, C Yang, YT Huang, N Xu, LP AF Que, Youxiong Pan, Yongbao Lu, Yunhai Yang, Cui Yang, Yuting Huang, Ning Xu, Liping TI Genetic Analysis of Diversity within a Chinese Local Sugarcane Germplasm Based on Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SCOT POLYMORPHISM; SACCHARUM-OFFICINARUM; AFLP ANALYSIS; MARKERS; MAP; VARIETIES; CULTIVAR; L. AB In-depth information on sugarcane germplasm is the basis for its conservation and utilization. Data on sugarcane molecular markers are limited for the Chinese sugarcane germplasm collections. In the present study, 20 start codon targeted (SCoT) marker primers were designed to assess the genetic diversity among 107 sugarcane accessions within a local sugarcane germplasm collection. These primers amplified 176 DNA fragments, of which 163 were polymorphic (92.85%). Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.783 to 0.907 with a mean of 0.861. Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the SCoT marker data divided the 107 sugarcane accessions into six clusters at 0.674 genetic similarity coefficient level. Relatively abundant genetic diversity was observed among ROC22, ROC16, and ROC10, which occupied about 80% of the total sugarcane acreage in China, indicating their potential breeding value on Mainland China. Principal component analysis (PCA) partitioned the 107 sugarcane accessions into two major groups, the Domestic Group and the Foreign Introduction Group. Each group was further divided based on institutions, where the sugarcane accessions were originally developed. The knowledge of genetic diversity among the local sugarcane germplasm provided foundation data for managing sugarcane germplasm, including construction of a core collection and regional variety distribution and subrogation. C1 [Que, Youxiong; Lu, Yunhai; Yang, Cui; Yang, Yuting; Huang, Ning; Xu, Liping] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. [Pan, Yongbao] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Que, YX (reprint author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. EM queyouxiong@hotmail.com; xlpmail@126.com OI Que, Youxiong/0000-0003-1111-5834 FU earmarked fund for the Modern Agriculture Technology of China [CARS-20]; 948 Program on the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technique of Department of Agriculture [2014-S18] FX This work was supported by the earmarked fund for the Modern Agriculture Technology of China (CARS-20) and the 948 Program on the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technique of Department of Agriculture (2014-S18). The authors especially thank Andrew C. Allan in The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. (Plant and Food Research), Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand, for his valuable comments and support during paper preparation. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-6133 EI 2314-6141 J9 BIOMED RES INT JI Biomed Res. Int. PY 2014 AR 468375 DI 10.1155/2014/468375 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AE3VV UT WOS:000333907400001 ER PT J AU Allen, PS Meyer, SE AF Allen, Phil S. Meyer, Susan E. TI Community Structure Affects Annual Grass Weed Invasion During Restoration of a Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological restoration; invasive plants; plant competition ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; PLANT INVASIONS; FLUCTUATING RESOURCES; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; INVASIBILITY; DIVERSITY; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; DISTURBANCE AB Ecological restoration of shrub-steppe communities in the western United States is often hampered by invasion of exotic annual grasses during the process. An important question is how to create restored communities that can better resist reinvasion by these weeds. One hypothesis is that communities comprised of species that are functionally similar to the invader will best resist invasion, while an alternative hypothesis is that structurally more complex and diverse communities will result in more effective competitive exclusion. In this field experiment, we examined the effects of restored community structure on the invasion success of three annual grass weeds (downy brome, jointed goatgrass, and cereal rye). We created replicated community plots that varied in species composition, structural complexity and density, then seeded in annual grass weeds and measured their biomass and seed production the following year, and their cover after 1 and 3 yr. Annual grass weeds were not strongly suppressed by any of the restored communities, indicating that it was difficult for native species to completely capture available resources and exclude annual grass weeds in the first years after planting. Perennial grass monocultures, particularly of the early seral grass bottlebrush squirreltail, were the most highly invaded communities, while structurally complex and diverse mixtures of shrubs (big sagebrush, rubber rabbitbrush), perennial grasses (bluebunch wheatgrass and bottlebrush squirreltail) and forbs (Lewis flax, Utah sweetvetch, hairy golden aster, gooseberryleaf globemallow) were more resistant to invasion. These results suggest that restoration of sagebrush steppe communities resistant to annual grass invasion benefits from higher species diversity; significant reduction of weed propagule pressure prior to restoration may be required. C1 [Allen, Phil S.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Allen, PS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM Phil_Allen@byu.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 34 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00021.1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AD8BP UT WOS:000333491800001 ER PT J AU Harrington, TB Peter, DH Devine, WD AF Harrington, Timothy B. Peter, David H. Devine, Warren D. TI Two-Year Effects of Aminopyralid on an Invaded Meadow in the Washington Cascades SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Community restoration; mixed conifer; species richness ID THISTLE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PLANT COMMUNITY; MANAGEMENT AB Four rates of aminopyralid (30, 60, 90, and 120 g ae ha(-1) [0.4, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.8 oz ae acre(-1)]) were compared for their ability to reduce abundance of nonnative dicot species and favor native species in an invaded Cascade Mountain meadow near Trout Lake, WA. Treatments were applied in two replicated studies (June 2009 and 2010), and foliar cover and species richness were monitored for two years. First-year control of nonnative dicots from application of 30 g ae ha(-1) of aminopyralid (69%) was greater than that of native dicots (29%); whereas, significant control of both species groups occurred at the higher rates. By the second year after treatment, absolute differences in cover between treated and non-treated plots averaged 17% and 21% for native and nonnative dicots, respectively, and +1% and +27% for native and nonnative monocots, respectively. First-year control of Canada thistle and oxeye daisy was greater after treatment in 2009 (88% and 90%, respectively) than after treatment in 2010 (56% and 55%, respectively), probably because lower spring temperatures in 2010 limited vegetation development and plant susceptibility to aminopyralid. Cover of Kentucky bluegrass and sheep fescue averaged 20% and 6% greater, respectively, in treated plots than in non-treated plots. Application of 30 g ae ha(-1) of aminopyralid had no detectable effect on second-year richness of native and nonnative species relative to non-treated plots; however, higher rates caused 24% to 43% reductions in richness of each species group. Research results suggest that application of aminopyralid at 30 g ae ha(-1) has the potential to reduce abundance of nonnative dicot species in similar meadow communities of the Pacific Northwest with little or no negative impacts to abundance and richness of native species. As a potential strategy to limit the subsequent spread of Kentucky bluegrass, a grass herbicide, such as fluazifop or sethoxydim, could be added to the treatment. C1 [Harrington, Timothy B.; Peter, David H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Devine, Warren D.] Engn & Environm Inc, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Tacoma, WA 98433 USA. RP Harrington, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM tharrington@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Pesticide Impacts Assessment Program FX This research was supported by a grant from the USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Pesticide Impacts Assessment Program. Special thanks to Shawna Bautista, Andrea Ruchty, and others from Region 6, USDA Forest Service, for their research ideas and assistance with site selection and approval, and to Vanelle Peterson, Dow AgroSciences LLC, for technical reviews and donation of herbicides. We also are grateful to James Dollins, David Stephens, and Jessyka Williams, Olympia Forestry Sciences Laboratory, for their assistance with the field measurements. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00005.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AD8BP UT WOS:000333491800002 ER PT J AU Lucardi, RD Wallace, LE Ervin, GN AF Lucardi, Rima D. Wallace, Lisa E. Ervin, Gary N. TI Invasion Success in Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica): A Population Genetic Approach Exploring Genetic Diversity and Historical Introductions SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Alabama; genetic diversity; Imperata; Mississippi; Poaceae; population structure ID AFLP MARKERS; SPECIES INVASIONS; CLONAL DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; DNA MARKERS; PLANT; GRASS; HYBRIDIZATION; INVASIVENESS; INVASIBILITY AB Propagule pressure significantly contributes to and limits the potential success of a biological invasion, especially during transport, introduction, and establishment. Events such as multiple introductions of foreign parent material and gene flow among them can increase genetic diversity in founding populations, often leading to greater invasion success. We applied the tools and theory of population genetics to better understand the dynamics of successful biological invasion. The focal species, cogongrass, is a perennial invasive grass species significantly affecting the Gulf Coast and southeastern region of the United States. The literature indicates separate, allopatric introductions of material from East Asia (Philippines and Japan) into the U.S. states of Mississippi and Alabama. Molecular analysis of samples from those two states utilized amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers on 388 individuals from 21 localities. We hypothesized that previously isolated lineages of cogongrass are present and crossing in the Southeast. We observed genetic variation within localities (0.013 <= heterozygosity (H-e) <= 0.051, mean +/- 0.028 0.001) with significant and substantial population structure (F-ST = 0.534, P < 0.001). Population structure analyses detected two genetically defined and statistically supported populations, which appear to have experienced some admixture. The geographic distribution of those populations was consistent with the twointroduction scenario reported previously. These results are also consistent with contact in the invasive range of previously isolated lineages from the native range. C1 [Lucardi, Rima D.; Wallace, Lisa E.; Ervin, Gary N.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lucardi, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, 320 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rlucardi@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline [04HQAG0135]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2006-03613, 2008-35320-18679] FX We thank B. A. Counterman, D. C. Outlaw (Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University), C. T. Bryson (U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, retired), and J. T. Walker (Arkansas Research Center) for the review of this manuscript. We also appreciate N. J. Loewenstein (Auburn University) for assisting with sampling in Alabama. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful critiques of an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline (#04HQAG0135) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (2006-03613 and 2008-35320-18679) to GNE. This article was written by a U.S. government employee on official time and is, therefore, in the public domain. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00029.1 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AD8BP UT WOS:000333491800006 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Hough-Goldstein, J Lake, EC AF Smith, Jeffrey R. Hough-Goldstein, Judith Lake, Ellen C. TI Variable Seed Viability of Mile-a-Minute Weed (Devil's Tearthumb, Persicaria perfoliata) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fruit maturity; intra-season variability; phenology; Polygonaceae; seed maturity ID VINE VINCETOXICUM-ROSSICUM; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; RHINONCOMIMUS-LATIPES; GERMINATION; FRUIT; GROWTH; DEFENSE; QUALITY; BIOLOGY AB Mile-a-minute weed or devil's tearthumb (Polygonum perfiliatum, syn. = Persicaria perfoliata) is an invasive annual vine in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States that reproduces solely through seeds. Our study aimed to identify how mile-a-minute seed viability is affected by time of year and the maturity of the fruit surrounding the achene. Full-sized immature (green) and mature (blue) fruits were collected from five field sites every 2 wk over a 3 mo period, and seed viability was assessed using a triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TZ) assay. At the onset of seed production in mid-August, 35% of seeds from immature fruits were viable. This percentage increased steadily, peaking at 84% in late September before declining at some sites around the time of the first frost. In contrast nearly all seeds with mature fruits (96%) were viable at all collection dates. Thus land managers who apply physical or chemical control methods for mile-a-minute weed should do so before the onset of any seed production and not simply before fruit maturation. If it is necessary to apply control methods after fruit set, it should be done as early in the season as possible. C1 [Smith, Jeffrey R.; Hough-Goldstein, Judith] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lake, Ellen C.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Hough-Goldstein, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jhough@udel.edu RI Smith, Jeffrey/B-1925-2015 OI Smith, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5768-216X FU USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; University of Delaware Undergraduate Research Program FX We thank White Clay Creek State Park, Longwood Gardens, the Brandywine Conservancy's Waterloo Mills Preserve, the Camden County Park System, and the New Jersey Department of Transportation for allowing us to collect mile-a-minute seeds on their land. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team and the University of Delaware Undergraduate Research Program. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00056.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AD8BP UT WOS:000333491800010 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Eldredge, EP Snyder, KA Board, DI de Queiroz, TF Hubbard, V AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Eldredge, Eric P. Snyder, Keirith A. Board, David I. de Queiroz, Tara Forbis Hubbard, Vada TI Restoring Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Cold Desert Shrublands: Tradeoffs between Water Availability and Invasive Species SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Competition; irrigation; mulch; native plant establishment; revegetation; sagebrush ecosystems; weed species ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; ESTABLISHMENT; REVEGETATION; SEED; RESTORATION; COMMUNITY; COMPETITION; IRRIGATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION AB Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native species, improving plant soil water relations, and controlling invasive species. We asked if improving water relations via irrigation or surface mulch would result in negative tradeoffs between native species establishment and invasive species competition. We examined the effects of sprinkler irrigation and straw mulch on native seed mixtures planted in two consecutive years in an abandoned agricultural field in a cold desert shrubland in southwestern Nevada, USA. Restoration effects differed among years because of contingency effects of growing season conditions. Precipitation was low during the first year and seeded plant density and biomass increased in response to irrigation. Precipitation was relatively high during the second year, seeded plant densities and biomass were generally high, and irrigation had inconsistent effects. Mulch increased native plant cover in the absence of irrigation during the dry year. Invasive plant biomass and cover also were influenced by year, but irrigation increased invasive plants regardless of precipitation. Positive effects of irrigation on seeded plant density, cover, and biomass outweighed negative tradeoffs of increases in invasive plants. In ecosystems with highly variable precipitation, the most effective restoration strategies will most likely be adaptive ones, requiring determination of timing and amount of irrigation based on precipitation, native plant establishment, and invasive species composition and abundance. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.; Board, David I.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Eldredge, Eric P.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Great Basin Plant Mat Ctr, Fallon, NV 89406 USA. [Snyder, Keirith A.] ARS, USDA, Great Basin Rangelands Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [de Queiroz, Tara Forbis] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Minden, NV 89423 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us FU Lahontan NFH Complex; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Terminus Lakes Funding (FWS) [84240-9H004] FX We thank Bill Raitter for project management, David Turner for statistical advice, and Beth Leger, Bruce Roundy, Edie Allen, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was conducted as part of a multi-partner working group (IAA MOU# 08-1A-11041701-065). Funding for the research component was provided by the Lahontan NFH Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Terminus Lakes Funding (FWS Agreement # 84240-9H004). NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 176 EP 189 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00046.1 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AD8BP UT WOS:000333491800016 ER PT J AU Nguyen, D Hsu, JW Jahoor, F Sekhar, RV AF Dan Nguyen Hsu, Jean W. Jahoor, Farook Sekhar, Rajagopal V. TI Effect of Increasing Glutathione With Cysteine and Glycine Supplementation on Mitochondrial Fuel Oxidation, Insulin Sensitivity, and Body Composition in Older HIV-Infected Patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC FLEXIBILITY; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; DNA-DAMAGE; RESISTANCE; LIPODYSTROPHY; STRESS; MECHANISMS; MUTATIONS; INDUCTION; DISEASE AB Background: HIV-infected patients are reported to have impaired oxidation of fatty acids despite increased availability, suggesting a mitochondrial defect. We investigated whether diminished levels of a key mitochondrial antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), was contributing to defective fatty acid oxidation in older HIV-infected patients, and if so, the metabolic mechanisms contributing to GSH deficiency in these patients. Methods: In an open-label design, 8 older GSH-deficient HIV-infected males were studied before and after 14 days of oral supplementation with the GSH precursors cysteine and glycine. A combination of stable-isotope tracers, calorimetry, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and dynamometry were used to measure GSH synthesis, fasted and insulin-stimulated (fed) mitochondrial fuel oxidation, insulin sensitivity, body composition, anthropometry, forearm-muscle strength, and lipid profiles. Results: Impaired synthesis contributed to GSH deficiency in the patients and was restored with cysteine plus glycine supplementation. GSH improvement was accompanied by marked improvements in fasted and fed mitochondrial fuel oxidation. Associated benefits included improvements in insulin sensitivity, body composition, anthropometry, muscle strength, and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: This work identifies 2 novel findings in older HIV-infected patients: 1) diminished synthesis due to decreased availability of cysteine and glycine contributes to GSH deficiency and can be rapidly corrected by dietary supplementation of these precursors and 2) correction of GSH deficiency is associated with improvement of mitochondrial fat and carbohydrate oxidation in both fasted and fed states and with improvements in insulin sensitivity, body composition, and muscle strength. The role of GSH on ameliorating metabolic complications in older HIV-infected patients warrants further investigation. C1 [Dan Nguyen; Sekhar, Rajagopal V.] Baylor Coll Med, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Translat Metab Unit, USDA,ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Dan Nguyen; Sekhar, Rajagopal V.] Baylor Coll Med, Diabet & Endocrinol Res Ctr, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,ARS,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hsu, Jean W.; Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Coll Med, ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat,Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sekhar, RV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Translat Metab Unit, BCM 185,One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rsekhar@bcm.tmc.edu FU Baylor-UT Council for AIDS Research; Baylor Alkek Bridge fund; Baylor GCRC [NIH RR-0188]; Baylor NIH-Diabetes Research Center [NIH-P30DK079638]; National Institutes of Health (NIH); [AI036211] FX This work was supported by the Baylor-UT Council for AIDS Research, a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded program (AI036211); the Baylor Alkek Bridge fund; Baylor GCRC (NIH RR-0188); and the Baylor NIH-Diabetes Research Center (NIH-P30DK079638). NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 99 IS 1 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1210/jc.2013-2376 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AD6WP UT WOS:000333402200052 PM 24081740 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS Ceglia, L Palermo, NJ AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess Harris, Susan S. Ceglia, Lisa Palermo, Nancy J. TI Serum Sclerostin Levels Vary With Season SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE; BONE TURNOVER; VITAMIN-D; CIRCULATING SCLEROSTIN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MARKERS; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; OLDER; MEN AB Context: To establish the clinical utility of serum sclerostin levels, it is important to know whether there is seasonal variation in the measurements. Objective: This study was done to determine whether serum sclerostin levels vary by season in healthy older men and women. Methods: Serum sclerostin levels were measured in archived serum of 314 healthy men and women aged 65 years and older and examined for seasonal variation. Several factors known to vary by season and previously reported to be associated with serum sclerostin levels, including serum osteocalcin, physical activity, and serum PTH levels, were also measured in these subjects. Sex did not modify the association of season with sclerostin, so the men and women were analyzed together. Results: Serum sclerostin levels varied significantly by season (P < .001, after adjustment for sex). Sclerostin levels in the wintertime were 20% higher than the all-year mean, the levels gradually declined through the spring and summer, and by the fall, they were 20% below the all-year mean. Adjustment for serum osteocalcin, physical activity, and serum PTH did not alter the seasonal means. Seasonal differences in serum osteocalcin, physical activity, and serum PTH were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study documents marked seasonal variation in serum sclerostin levels. It is important to recognize this source of biological variability when considering the potential clinical utility of sclerostin measurements. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Harris, Susan S.; Ceglia, Lisa; Palermo, Nancy J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Ceglia, Lisa] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU National Institute on Aging [AG10353]; Amgen Inc; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by Grant AG10353 from the National Institute on Aging, Amgen Inc, and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Agreement 58-1950-7-707. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 99 IS 1 BP E149 EP E152 DI 10.1210/jc.2013-3148 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AD6WP UT WOS:000333402200022 PM 24248178 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Zhang, JX AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Zhang, John X. TI Generating Synthetic Daily Precipitation Realizations for Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Weather conditions; Forecasting; Precipitation; Seasonal variations; Models; Weather generation; Synthetic weather; Precipitation forecast; Daily precipitation model; Precipitation ID DAILY WEATHER GENERATOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; LOW-FREQUENCY; MODELS; SIMULATION; REQUIREMENTS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Synthetic weather generation models that depend on statistics of past weather observations are often limited in their applications to issues that depend on historical weather characteristics. Enhancing these models to take advantage of increasingly available and skillful seasonal climate outlook products would broaden applications to include proactive soil and water resources management, better prediction of achieving production targets, and weather-related risk assessment. In this paper, an analytical method was developed that enables generation of daily precipitation time series for seasonal forecasts up to 12months ahead. The method uses historical weather observations to establish reference precipitation statistics (monthly precipitation amount, number of rainy days per month, and wet-wet and dry-wet day transition probabilities) and subsequently adjusts these statistics to reflect the forecast departures from long-term average monthly precipitation. This reference and forecast departure approach ensures that generated precipitation is consistent and compatible with the forecast and the local climate characteristics as well. The method was tested with precipitation data from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) weather station at Temple, Texas, and the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program (NWS-COOP) data at Tallahassee, Florida, for a hypothetical seasonal precipitation forecast. Several 100-year time series of generated daily precipitation reproduced average monthly precipitation within +/- 6% of expected forecast values and mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 3%, wet-dry day transition probabilities within 5% and MAE of less than 2%, and average number of rainy days per calendar month within +/- 2% and MAE of less than 1%. The successful testing of the method validated the approach, analytical solution, and implementation of the method in an experimental climate generator. This forward-looking capability of synthetic weather generation will benefit water resource managers, farm loan officers, agricultural consultants, risk management agencies, and anyone relying on seasonal climate forecast information for decision making. C1 [Garbrecht, Jurgen D.; Zhang, John X.] ARS, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 7207 West Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov; john.zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000774 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD7OL UT WOS:000333453400026 ER PT J AU Xu, LP Lu, YH You, Q Liu, XL Grisham, MP Pan, YB Que, YX AF Xu, Liping Lu, Yunhai You, Qian Liu, Xiaolan Grisham, Michael Paul Pan, Yongbao Que, Youxiong TI Biogeographical Variation and Population Genetic Structure of Sporisorium scitamineum in Mainland China: Insights from ISSR and SP-SRAP Markers SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; USTILAGO-SCITAMINEA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SUGARCANE SMUT; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; AFLP; PCR; POLYMORPHISM; INOCULATION AB A total of 100 Sporisorium scitamineum isolates were investigated by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and single primer-sequence related amplified polymorphism (SP-SRAP) markers. These isolates were clearly assorted into three distinct clusters regardless of method used: either cluster analysis or by principal component analysis (PCA) of the ISSR, SP-SRAP, or ISSR + SP-SRAP data set. The total gene diversity (H-t) and gene diversity between subpopulations (H-s) were estimated to be 0.34 to 0.38 and 0.22 to 0.29, respectively, by analyzing separately the ISSR and SP-SRAP data sets, and to be 0.26-0.36 by analyzing ISSR + SP-SRAP data set. The gene diversity attributable to differentiation among populations (G(st)) was estimated to be 0.35 and 0.22, and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.94 and 1.78, respectively, when analyzing separately ISSR and SP-SRAP data set, and was 0.27 and 1.33, respectively, when analyzing ISSR + SP-SRAP data set. Our study showed that there is considerable genetic variation in the analyzed 100 isolates, and the environmental heterogeneity has played an important role for this observed high degree of variation. The genetic differentiation of sugarcane smut fungus depends to a large extent on the heterogeneity of their habitats and is the result of long-term adaptations of pathogens to their ecological environments. C1 [Xu, Liping; Lu, Yunhai; You, Qian; Liu, Xiaolan; Que, Youxiong] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Minist Agr, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. [Grisham, Michael Paul; Pan, Yongbao] USDA ARS, Sugarcane ResearchUnit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Xu, LP (reprint author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Key Lab Sugarcane Biol & Genet Breeding, Minist Agr, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. EM xlpmail@126.com; queyouxiong@hotmail.com OI Que, Youxiong/0000-0003-1111-5834 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31340060]; Modern Agriculture Technology of China [CARS-20]; 948 Program on the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technique of Department of Agriculture [2014-S18]; Research Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists in Fujian Provincial Department of Education [K80MKT04A]; Research Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University [xjq201202] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31340060), the earmarked fund for the Modern Agriculture Technology of China (CARS-20), the 948 Program on the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technique of Department of Agriculture (2014-S18), Research Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists in Fujian Provincial Department of Education (K80MKT04A), and Research Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (xjq201202). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 25 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2014 AR 296020 DI 10.1155/2014/296020 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD9RZ UT WOS:000333603500001 ER PT J AU Khir, R Pan, Z Atungulu, GG Thompson, JF AF Khir, R. Pan, Z. Atungulu, G. G. Thompson, J. F. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICAL AND AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WALNUTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamic properties; Physical properties; Sorting; Walnuts ID ROUGH RICE; SEEDS; QUALITY; KERNEL; BEANS; NUTS AB The objective of this research was to study the physical and aerodynamic properties of freshly harvested walnuts. Measurements were carried out for three varieties (Tulare, Howard, and Chandler) cultivated in California. Walnuts treated with and without Ethephon were collected from mechanical harvesters. Ethephon treatment was conducted two weeks before harvest to hasten ripening. The walnuts were sorted into two categories, those with hulls and those without hulls (WOH), before measuring their dimensions, density, terminal velocity, and moisture content (MC). For walnuts with hulls at harvest, all measurements were conducted before and after manual removal of the hulls, and these walnuts were categorized as undehulled (UH) and dehulled (DH). The effects of water washing on walnut density and terminal velocity were also determined. The results revealed that the three axial dimensions (L, D-1, and D-2) of walnuts harvested with hulls were significantly greater than those of walnuts harvested without hulls. The average densities for individual WHO, DH, and UH walnuts were 553 +/- 110 kg m(-3), 716 +/- 106 kg m(-3), and 878 +/- 102 kg m(-3), respectively. The corresponding average terminal velocities were 7.9 +/- 1.2 m s(-1), 10.1 +/- 1.4 m s(-1), and 14.1 +/- 1.7 m s(-1) It was found that strong relationships existed between the MC versus the density and terminal velocity of individual walnuts. A terminal velocity of 10 m s(-1) can separate WHO from UH walnuts, and in-shell walnuts can be further sorted into groups with different MCs based on their terminal velocities. This separation can improve processing and energy efficiency in handling and drying operations. There were no significant effects of ethephon treatment and water washing on walnut density and terminal velocity. C1 [Khir, R.; Pan, Z.; Thompson, J. F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Khir, R.] Suez Canal Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Ismailia, Egypt. [Pan, Z.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Atungulu, G. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Zhongli.Pan@ars.usda.gov FU California Walnut Board FX The authors wish to thank the California Walnut Board for its partial financial support of this research and Cilker Orchards for their generosity in supplying the walnut samples. The research was conducted at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center and the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE2AC UT WOS:000333774700006 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Huang, M Lu, R Mendoza, F AF Zhu, Q. Huang, M. Lu, R. Mendoza, F. TI ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL SCATTERING IMAGES USING A MOMENT METHOD FOR APPLE FIRMNESS PREDICTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Apple; Firmness; Hyperspectral scattering; Least squares support vector machine; Moment method; Partial least squares ID SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; FRUIT FIRMNESS; QUALITY; SENSORS AB This article reports on using a moment method to extract features from the hyperspectral scattering profiles for apple fruit firmness prediction. Hyperspectral scattering images between 500 and 1000 nm were acquired online, using a hyperspectral scattering system, for 'Golden Delicious', 'Jonagold', and 'Delicious' apples harvested in 2009 and 2010. The zeroth-order moment (ZOM), which is equivalent to the mean reflectance, and the first-order moment (FOM) were calculated from the hyperspectral scattering profiles for each wavelength. Firmness prediction models were developed for the ZOM data, FOM data, and their combined data (Z-FOM) using partial least squares (PLS) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). The PLS models based on the Z-FOM data improved prediction results by 1.5% to 12.5% for the prediction set, compared with the PLS models using the ZOM data alone. The LSSVM models for the prediction set of Z-FOM data yielded better prediction results, with improvements of 8.6% to 21.2% over the PLS models for the ZOM data, 7.2% to 17.7% over the PLS models for the Z-FOM data, and 2.9% to 15.2% over the LSSVM models for the ZOM data. The Z-FOM method provided a simpler, faster, and effective means to extract features from the hyperspectral scattering profiles, and it has led to significant improvements in firmness prediction accuracy when used with either PLS or LSSVM. C1 [Zhu, Q.; Huang, M.] Jiangnan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Proc Control Light Ind, Wuxi, Peoples R China. [Lu, R.; Mendoza, F.] USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Zhu, Q (reprint author), 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhuqib@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61275155, 61271384]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China [BK2011148]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China [2011M500851, 2012T50463]; 111 Project [B12018]; PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX Dr. Qibing Zhu gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61275155 and 61271384), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK2011148), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 2011M500851 and 2012T50463), and the 111 Project (B12018) and PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE2AC UT WOS:000333774700008 ER PT J AU Li, N Qi, G Sun, XS Wang, D Bean, S Blackwell, D AF Li, N. Qi, G. Sun, X. S. Wang, D. Bean, S. Blackwell, D. TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS ISOLATED FROM CAMELINA MEAL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Albumin; Amino acid profiles; Camelina protein; FTIR; Globulin; Glutelin; Molecular weight; SEC; TEM; TGA ID SECONDARY STRUCTURES; AMINO-ACIDS; EXTRACTION; GLUTELIN; OILS AB Camelina is a new oil crop in North America. Camelina meal, a by-product of the camelina oil extraction process, typically contains 10% to 15% residual oil and 40% crude protein. As camelina oil demand increases, utilization of camelina protein for value-added products is critical to food and biotechnology industries,. however, few studies have been conducted on camelina proteins. In this study, camelina protein fractions (albumin, globulins, and glutelins) were isolated from camelina meal based on their solubility using three different sequences: method 0 (S0), method 1 (S1), and method 2 (S2). The proteins' physicochemical properties, including solubility, amino acid profiles, molecular weight, and thermal and morphological properties, were also characterized. Results showed that S1 harvested more protein (88.20%) than S0 (84.05%) and S2 (76.52%). Glutelin was the major fraction (64.64%) in camelina, followed by globulin (17.67%), and albumin (10.54%). Essential amino acids accounted for approximately 40% of the total amino acids in camelina protein. High molecular weight aggregates stabilized by covalent bonds in the glutelin and albumin fractions, as shown in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), are closely related to larger-size protein aggregates observed in TEM images. C1 [Li, N.; Wang, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Qi, G.; Sun, X. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, S.; Blackwell, D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, 150 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU USDA-NIFA Biomass Research and Development Initiative Competitive Grants Program (BRDI) [2012-10006-20230] FX This project was funded by the USDA-NIFA Biomass Research and Development Initiative Competitive Grants Program (BRDI) (Contract No. 2012-10006-20230). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE2AC UT WOS:000333774700017 ER PT J AU Moore, KD Young, E Gurell, C Wojcik, MD Martin, RS Bingham, GE Pfeiffer, RL Praeger, JH Hatfield, JL AF Moore, K. D. Young, E. Gurell, C. Wojcik, M. D. Martin, R. S. Bingham, G. E. Pfeiffer, R. L. Praeger, J. H. Hatfield, J. L. TI AMMONIA MEASUREMENTS AND EMISSIONS FROM A CALIFORNIA DAIRY USING POINT AND REMOTE SENSORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Ammonia; Dairy Emission; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Inverse modeling; Optimization; Passive sampler; Remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; PARTICULATE MATTER; DISPERSION MODELS; GREENHOUSE-GAS; SOUTHERN IDAHO; CATTLE MANURE; UNITED-STATES; SPECTROMETRY; AERMOD; RATES AB Ammonia (NH3) is an important trace gas species in the atmosphere that can have negative impacts on human, animal, and ecosystem health. Agriculture has been identified as the largest source of NH3, specifically livestock operations. NH3 emissions from a commercial dairy in California were investigated during June 2008. Cattle were held in open-lot pens, except for young calves in hutches with shelters. Solid manure was stored in the open-lot pens. Liquid manure from feed lanes was passed through a solids settling basin and stored in a holding pond. Passive sensors and open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometers (OP-FTIR) were deployed around the facility to measure NH3 concentrations. Emissions from pens and the liquid manure system (LMS) were estimated using inverse modeling. Mean emission factors (EFs) for the entire facility were 140.5 +/- 42.5 g d(-1) animal(-1) from the passive sampler data and 199.2 +/- 22.0 g d(-1) animal(-1) from the OP-FTIR data, resulting in the facility's summer emissions calculated at 265.2 +/- 80.2 kg d(-1) and 375.4 +/- 27.1 kg d(-1), respectively. These EFs are within the range of values reported in the literature. Both concentrations and emissions exhibited a strong diurnal cycle, peaking in the late afternoon. Total facility emissions exhibited significant positive correlations with temperature and wind speed. The findings of this study show that NH3 emissions from a commercial dairy can vary by a factor of 10 or more throughout the day, and EFs can vary by two orders of magnitude when compared to other US. dairies, based on literature values. C1 [Moore, K. D.; Wojcik, M. D.; Bingham, G. E.] Utah State Univ Res Fdn, Space Dynam Lab, North Logan, UT USA. [Martin, R. S.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pfeiffer, R. L.; Praeger, J. H.; Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Moore, KD (reprint author), Space Dynam Lab, 1695 North Res Pk Way, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM kori.moore@sdl.usu.edu FU USDA [58-3625-9-743] FX This material is based on work supported by the USDA (Cooperative Agreement No. 58-3625-9-743). The authors thank the producers for their cooperation, the team involved in conducting the field work, and the reviewers, whose feedback greatly enhanced the quality of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 181 EP 198 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE2AC UT WOS:000333774700018 ER PT J AU Liu, H Zhu, H Shen, Y Chen, Y Ozkan, HE AF Liu, H. Zhu, H. Shen, Y. Chen, Y. Ozkan, H. E. TI DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MULTI-CHANNEL VARIABLE-RATE SPRAYERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Laser sensor; Precision sprayer; Pulse width modulation; Specially crop; Variable flow rate ID TREE CANOPY CHARACTERISTICS; DROPLET SIZE; LASER SCANNER; PWM; PERFORMANCE; NOZZLE AB Precision modulation of nozzle flow rates is a critical step for variable-rate spray applications in orchards and ornamental nurseries. An automatic flow rate control system activated with microprocessors and pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled solenoid valves was developed to control flow rates of multi-channel nozzles independently for variable-rate sprayers. The system consists of a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a flow rate control module. An embedded computer along with a touch screen was used to process control algorithms and allowed communication between the sprayer operator and the control system. The flow rate control module was designed with multi-channel driver circuits for activating the solenoid valves and driver protection circuits for avoiding surge voltages due to frequent on/off actions of the solenoid valves. Laboratory tests were conducted to verify) the accuracy of the control system with three nozzles (0.530 to 1.703 L min(-1)) at four different operating pressures (138 to 345 kPa) and ten duty cycles (10% to 100%). The microcontroller-controlled circuit precisely produced PWM signals with desired pulse widths to match the duty cycles, and linear spray outputs were achieved accurately with the duty cycles of the PWM-controlled solenoid valves. With the protection circuit for the solenoid valve drivers, the longevity of the solenoid valves increased from 350 to 2,426 h. The system offers flexibility in choosing the number of connection channels needed for the number of nozzles individually or in a group on sprayers. Accordingly, together with canopy structures and travel speeds from laser scanning or other sensors, this compact control system is capable of performing variable flow rate functions for multiple nozzles separately. C1 [Liu, H.; Zhu, H.; Shen, Y.; Chen, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Liu, H.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn FABE, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Chen, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, FABE, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-06002] FX The authors acknowledge invaluable technical assistance from Adam Clark, Barry Nudd, and Keith Williams. We are also grateful to the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Grant No. 2009-51181-06002). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AE2AC UT WOS:000333774700026 ER PT J AU Xie, JL Huang, XY Qi, JQ Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Xie, Jiulong Huang, Xingyan Qi, Jinqiu Hse, Chung-Yun Shupe, Todd F. TI Effect of Anatomical Characteristics and Chemical Components on Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Bamboo Wastes SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Bamboo; Anatomy; Chemistry; Liquefaction; Microwave ID POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS; WOOD; FEEDSTOCKS; RESIDUES AB The epidermis layer waste (ELW) and the inner layer waste (ILW) were removed from Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo, and the anatomical characteristics and chemical components of these wastes were comparatively investigated. Both the ELW and ILW were subjected to a microwave-assisted liquefaction process to evaluate the relationship between bamboo properties and liquefaction behavior. The results indicated that higher vessel and parenchyma percentages and lower cellulose and lignin contents in ILW contributed to lower residue content, while higher fiber percentage and cellulose or lignin contents in ELW resulted in higher residue content. Recondensation took place during the liquefaction of ELW, which was indicated by small granules appearing on the liquefied residue surface according to SEM images. The intense bands corresponding to hemicellulose and lignin in the FT-IR spectrum of the liquefied ELW residue gave further evidence that the liquefaction of ELW is a complex solvolysis process involving simultaneous reactions of chemical degradation and recondensation. C1 [Xie, Jiulong; Huang, Xingyan; Qi, Jinqiu] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Hse, Chung-Yun] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Qi, JQ (reprint author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM qijinqiu2005@aliyun.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AB7UO UT WOS:000331996500021 ER PT J AU Qamhia, II Sabo, RC Elhajjar, RF AF Qamhia, Issam I. Sabo, Ronald C. Elhajjar, Rani F. TI Static and Dynamic Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril Scaffold-Based Composites SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Nanocellulose; Cellulose nanofibrils; Thermosets; Mechanical properties; Thermal properties; Viscoelastic properties; Applications ID TRANSPARENT NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; FIBER-CONTENT; FIBRILS; PULP AB The reinforcement potential of novel nanocellulose-based scaffolding reinforcements composed of microfibrils 5 to 50 nm in diameter and several microns in length was investigated. The cellulose nanofibril reinforcement was used to produce a three-dimensional scaffolding. A hybrid two-step approach using vacuum pressure and hot pressing was used to integrate the nanocellulose reinforcements in a liquid molding process with an epoxy resin to manufacture composites containing fiber volume contents ranging from 0.6% to 7.5%. The mechanical properties were studied using three-point bending. The Shore-D hardness test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the curing response and its relation to the mechanical properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) with a three-point bend setup was used to investigate the viscoelastic behavior of the nanocellulose composite samples at various temperatures and dynamic loadings. The results using the proposed liquid resin manufacturing method for processing the nanocellulose composites showed an increased modulus and a lower strain-to-failure compared to neat resin. Dynamic testing showed a trend of lower tan delta peaks and a reduction in the glass transition temperature with the addition of nanocellulose reinforcement. C1 [Qamhia, Issam I.; Elhajjar, Rani F.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Sabo, Ronald C.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Elhajjar, RF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM elhajjar@uwm.edu OI Elhajjar, Rani/0000-0003-4778-5186 FU UWM Research Growth Initiative; USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) nanotechnology initiative; University of Wisconsin Student Solid Waste Research Program FX The authors wish to thank the UWM Research Growth Initiative and the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) nanotechnology initiative for providing seed funding for this project, Rick Reiner of FPL for preparing the cellulose nanofibrils, Tom Ellingham (UW-Madison) and Alexandria Surrett (UW-Milwaukee) for the SEM images, and Ms. Eileen Norby and the University of Wisconsin Student Solid Waste Research Program for supporting this research. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 381 EP 392 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AB7UO UT WOS:000331996500032 ER PT J AU Huang, XD Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Huang, Xiao-Dong Hse, Chung-Yun Shupe, Todd F. TI Study on the Mould-Resistant Properties of Moso Bamboo Treated with High Pressure and Amylase SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Moso bamboo; Starch; Pressure; Amylase treatment; Mould resistance capability AB Starch of moso bamboo mainly exists in the elongated parenchyma cells, and it is difficult for amylase to enter moso bamboo and dissolve the starch. Therefore, the mould resistance capability of moso bamboo's products cannot meet the need for bamboo to resist fungal decay. In this experiment, moso bamboo blocks were first treated at six levels of pressure and for six different treatment durations. The results showed that reducing sugar content was decreased dramatically from 0.92 mg/L to 0.19 mg/L and the starch content decreased from 1.18% to 0.96% when the pressure was increased from 0 psi to 100 psi. Regression analysis showed that the effects of an individual amylase reaction and individual pressure treatment on the starch or reducing sugar content were significant with a high correlation coefficient. Three traditional types of moso bamboo moulds (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma viride) were then used for mould resistance testing. The results revealed that the mould resistance capability of moso bamboo blocks could be greatly improved by the combined effect of enzyme activity and pressure treatment. Mould resistance was enhanced by increasing the pressure or prolonging the treatment time. This research could provide a new method for the protection of bamboo from mould attack. C1 [Huang, Xiao-Dong] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Engn, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Hse, Chung-Yun] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Nat Renewable Resource, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Huang, XD (reprint author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Engn, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM xiaodong_h@163.com NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 497 EP 509 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AB7UO UT WOS:000331996500038 ER PT J AU Xie, JL Qi, JQ Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Xie, Jiulong Qi, Jinqiu Hse, Chung-Yun Shupe, Todd. F. TI Effect of Lignin Derivatives in the Bio-Polyols from Microwave Liquefied Bamboo on the Properties of Polyurethane Foams SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Bamboo; Liquefaction; Microwave; Lignin derivatives; Polyurethane foam ID THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; WHEAT-STRAW; LIQUEFACTION; WOOD; RESIDUES; PHENOL; BIODEGRADABILITY; BIOMASS; RESIN AB Bamboo residues were subjected to a microwave-assisted liquefaction process for the production of crude bio-polyols (CBP). The fractionated bio-polyols (FBP) were obtained by the removal of lignin derivatives from the crude bio-polyols (CBP) using a simple method. Polyurethane (PU) foams were successfully prepared from both CBP and FBP. The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of lignin derivatives in bio-polyols on the physical properties, thermal stability, and microstructure of PU foams. The results revealed that the PU foam made from CBP had a higher density and superior thermal stability compared to that made from FBP; however, they were also much more fragile. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated that the lignin compounds in the CBP had impact on the structure of the PU foam. C1 [Xie, Jiulong; Qi, Jinqiu] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Hse, Chung-Yun] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Shupe, Todd. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Qi, JQ (reprint author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM qijinqiu2005@aliyun.com NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 578 EP 588 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA AB7UO UT WOS:000331996500045 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA Eller, FJ Felker, FC Jackson, MA Fanta, GF AF Kenar, James A. Eller, Fred J. Felker, Frederick C. Jackson, Michael A. Fanta, George F. TI Starch aerogel beads obtained from inclusion complexes prepared from high amylose starch and sodium palmitate SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPARENT SILICA AEROGELS; STEAM JET COOKING; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; PASTING PROPERTIES; DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; SURFACE-AREA; WHEAT-STARCH; ACID; TEMPERATURE AB Starch aerogels are a class of low density, highly porous, renewable materials currently prepared exclusively from retrograded starch gels and are of interest due to their high surface area, porosity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Recently, we have reported the preparation and properties of amylose-fatty acid salt helical inclusion complexes prepared by steam jet-cooking amylose-containing starches and then blending the resulting dispersions with sodium palmitate. Dispersions of these amylose-sodium palmitate complexes prevent amylose from retrograding and possess polyelectrolyte properties due to the anionic charge of the sodium palmitate. Stable aqueous dispersions of these complexes form hydrogels when added to acid to lower the pH, and these hydrogels were used to prepare their corresponding xerogels, cryogels, and aerogels. Solvent exchange with ethanol and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) drying of the starch gels preserved the structure of the gels and yielded aerogels having a macroporous nanoparticulate internal structure. Depressurization rates during SC-CO2 drying were examined to optimize aerogel properties, and starch aerogels with densities between 0.120-0.185 g cm(-3) and BET surface areas ranging between 313-362 m(2) g(-1) were obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the aerogels. The corresponding xerogels and cryogels had inferior properties. This method provides an alternative method for the preparation of starch aerogels and eliminates many difficulties associated with starch gelatinization and retrogradation procedures that are currently used to prepare the prerequisite starch gels. C1 [Kenar, James A.; Eller, Fred J.; Felker, Frederick C.; Jackson, Michael A.; Fanta, George F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Res Utilizat, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Res Utilizat, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jim.kenar@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1921 EP 1930 DI 10.1039/c3gc41895b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD5ZC UT WOS:000333331200027 ER PT S AU Accinelli, C Mencarelli, M Abbas, HK Weaver, MA AF Accinelli, C. Mencarelli, M. Abbas, H. K. Weaver, M. A. BE Sadka, A TI Extending the Use of Bioplastic Granules for the Application of Trichoderma Biocontrol Isolates in Flori/Horticulture and Turfgrass SO INTERNATIONAL CIPA CONFERENCE 2012 ON PLASTICULTURE FOR A GREEN PLANET SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International CIPA Conference on Plasticulture for a Green Planet CY MAY 15-17, 2012 CL Tel Aviv, ISRAEL SP Int Soc Hort Sci, CIPA DE biopolymers; biocontrol formulations; biopesticides; biofungicides; biological control ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; BIOPESTICIDES; CORN; FORMULATIONS; GLIOCLADIUM; STRAINS; FUNGI AB Bioplastic materials are gaining increasing interest in a variety of different industrial and domestic applications. Beside its usage as mulching films and plant clips in horticulture, no other agricultural applications have been proposed. In 2009 we demonstrated that granules made of the bioplastic Mater-Bi are an efficient and practical solution for field applications of biocontrol isolates of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Here, we investigated the feasibility to extend this approach for delivering propagules of two biocontrol Trichoderma isolates with the final objective to control damping-off of selected bedding, horticultural and turfgrass species. Bioplastic granules entrapping conidia of Trichoderma virens Gv29-8 or T. harzianum ATCC 20847 were applied to a potting mix infested with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Both isolates showed a positive effect in reducing damping-off disease of impatiens and tomato seedlings. In the case of potting mix infested with the lowest level of pathogen propagules causing 30% of damping-off, application of 1% (w/w) of inoculated granules resulted in 5 and 3% of impatiens and tomato seedlings, respectively, affected by damping-off. With a more severe infestation (50% of damping-off), amending the potting mixture with 10% bioplastic granules produced an average of 91% suppression of damping-off in both species. Granules entrapping conidia of the biocontrol isolate ATCC 20847 were significantly more effective in protecting impatiens and tomato seedlings. The experiment was repeated with potting mix infested with Pythium ultimum and planted with annual bluegrass. Bioplastic granules inoculated with the T. harzianum isolate significantly reduced (similar to 90%) the impact of damping-off caused by this pathogen. Results from this study indicated that the usage of this bioplastic-based formulation has the potential to be extended for the biocontrol of damping-off in flori/horticulture crops and turfgrass. C1 [Accinelli, C.; Mencarelli, M.] Univ Bologna, Dept Agr Sci, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Abbas, H. K.; Weaver, M. A.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Accinelli, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Agr Sci, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-94-62610-00-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2014 VL 1015 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BA2HA UT WOS:000333392700008 ER PT J AU Gilmore, BS Bassil, NV Barney, DL Knaus, BJ Hummer, KE AF Gilmore, Barbara S. Bassil, Nahla V. Barney, Danny L. Knaus, Brian J. Hummer, Kim E. TI Short-read DNA Sequencing Yields Microsatellite Markers for Rheum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fingerprinting; genetic resources; rhubarb; simple sequence repeats; SSRs ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RHUBARB; REPEATS; POLYGONACEAE; TANGUTICUM; LOCI; PCR AB Identifying and evaluating genetic diversity of culinary rhubarb (Rheum xrhababarum) cultivars using morphological characteristics is challenging given the existence of synonyms and nomenclatural inconsistencies. Some cultivars with similar names are morphologically different, and seedlings may grow and become associated with the parental name. Morphological traits of one cultivar may vary when measured under different environmental conditions. Molecular markers are consistent for unique genotypes across environments and provide genetic fingerprints to assist in resolving identity issues. Microsatellite repeats, also called simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are commonly used for fingerprinting fruit and nut crops, but only 10 SSRs have previously been reported in rhubarb. The objectives of this study were to use short-read DNA sequences to develop new di-nucleotide-containing SSR markers for rhubarb and to determine if the markers were useful for cultivar identification. A total of 97 new SSR primer pairs were designed from the short-read DNA sequences. The amplification success rate of these SSRs was 77%, whereas polymorphism of those reached 76% in a test panel of four or eight rhubarb individuals. From the 57 potentially polymorphic primer pairs obtained, 25 SSRs were evaluated in 58 Rheum accessions preserved in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Plant Germplasm System. The primer pairs generated 314 fragments with an average of 12.6 fragments per pair. The clustering of many accessions in well-supported groups supported previous findings based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Cluster analysis, using the proportion of shared allele distance among the 25 SSRs, distinguished each of the 58 accessions including individuals that had similar names or the same name. Accessions that grouped in well-supported clusters previously belonged to similar clusters with high bootstrap support based on AFLP. In summary, our technique of mining short-read sequencing data was successful in identifying 97 di-nucleotide-containing SSR sequences. Of those tested, the 25 most polymorphic and easy-to-score primer pairs proved useful in fingerprinting rhubarb cultivars. We recommend the use of short-read sequencing for the development of SSR markers in the identification of horticultural crops. C1 [Gilmore, Barbara S.; Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS, Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Bassil, Nahla V.; Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Barney, Danny L.] USDA ARS, North Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Knaus, Brian J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, 1509 South Georgeson Rd, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov FU ARS [CRIS 5341-21000-004-00D, CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D] FX We are grateful to Dan Hall and Robert Carter for their assistance with the field work. We appreciate funding from ARS CRIS 5341-21000-004-00D and CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D. We are indebted to Caprice Rosato, Mark Dasenko, and Chris Sullivan at Oregon State University's Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing for technical advice on Illumina (R) library quantitation, sequencing, and bioinformatic support. We appreciate the technical advice from Rich Cronn (Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service) on high-throughput multiplex sequencing. Shawn Mehlenbacher provided adapters to facilitate this research. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 139 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AD4ON UT WOS:000333230500003 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Polashock, JJ AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Polashock, James J. TI Highly Fertile Intersectional Blueberry Hybrids of Vaccinium padifolium Section Hemimyrtillus and V. corymbosum Section Cyanococcus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium cylindraceum; V. arctostaphylos; V. smallii; V. yakushimense; V. hirtum ID CRANBERRY AB The primary gene pool of Vaccinium species used by blueberry breeders has traditionally been the North American Vaccinium species of section Cyanococcus. Blueberries in commercial production represent three primary Vaccinium species and two ploidy levels. Significant use has been made of the secondary gene pool of Vaccinium, especially in the development of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium xcorymbosum) cultivars. Section Hemimyrtillus species are distantly related and are best considered part of the tertiary gene pool of Vaccinium. Vaccinium padifolium, a member of section Hemimyrtillus and native to the Madeira Islands, Portugal, has features of notable value to conventional blueberry development, among these: upright structure, strong growth, abundant flowering and fruiting, good self-fertility, inflorescence structure suited to mechanical harvesting, and indeterminate/repeat flowering. Our objective was to Incorporate germplasm from this section into cultivated materials and transfer the desirable traits these species possess for commercial production. We used V. padifolium as a female in crosses with V. corymbosum and generated two highly fertile hybrids. These hybrids are intermediate in morphology, phonological, and their hybridity has been confirmed through DNA testing. These hybrids were used in further crosses to a variety of section Cyanococcus selections and have generated numerous second-generation hybrids. We have also determined by flow cytometry the ploidy levels of the hybrids and several previously unevaluated section Hemimyrtillus species. C1 [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.; Polashock, James J.] ARS, USDA, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM Mark.Ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 139 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AD4ON UT WOS:000333230500004 ER PT J AU Bowman, MJ Willis, DK Simon, PW AF Bowman, Megan J. Willis, David K. Simon, Philipp W. TI Transcript Abundance of Phytoene Synthase 1 and Phytoene Synthase 2 Is Associated with Natural Variation of Storage Root Carotenoid Pigmentation in Carrot SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; gene expression; naturally occurring mutations; RT-qPCR ID BETA-CAROTENE; VAR. BOTRYTIS; GENE; ACCUMULATION; CAULIFLOWER; MAIZE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHWAY; TOMATO; ARABIDOPSIS AB Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized in plants that serve as photoprotectants essential for photosynthesis and provide plant tissues with red, orange, and yellow pigmentation. These compounds are important in human health, because they serve as both vitamin A precursors as well as having antioxidant properties. Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) provides an important source of carotenoids in the human diet, providing up to 30% of provitamin A in the United States. Although essential to human health, very little is currently understood about the accumulation of carotenoids in carrot. To better understand the molecular mechanism for carotenoid accumulation in carrot, we used reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the expression of nine genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in storage root tissue. No significant difference was found among white, yellow, orange, and dark orange carrot roots in seven of the nine genes evaluated. However, increased phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2) expression was observed in orange and dark orange carrot roots compared with yellow and white carrots. Increased PSY1 and PSY2 expression was not observed in the leaf tissue of these genotypes, indicating a different mechanism for carotenoid accumulation in the leaf tissue of carrot. This study is the first to demonstrate that naturally occurring mutations that dramatically increase carotenoid accumulation in orange carrot are associated with increased PSY1 and PSY2 expression and it provides insights into the mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of these important photoprotectants and nutrients. C1 [Bowman, Megan J.] Univ Wisconsin, Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David K.; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Philipp.Simon@ars.usda.gov FU Gabelman-Seminis Distinguished Graduate Research Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2008-51180-04896] FX M.J.B. was supported by the Gabelman-Seminis Distinguished Graduate Research Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and P.W.S. received USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative award 2008-51180-04896. We thank Douglas Senalik for his assistance with the high-performance liquid chromatography experiment and data analysis. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 139 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AD4ON UT WOS:000333230500008 ER PT J AU Andrews, AE Kofler, JD Trudeau, ME Williams, JC Neff, DH Masarie, KA Chao, DY Kitzis, DR Novelli, PC Zhao, CL Dlugokencky, EJ Lang, PM Crotwell, MJ Fischer, ML Parker, MJ Lee, JT Baumann, DD Desai, AR Stanier, CO De Wekker, SFJ Wolfe, DE Munger, JW Tans, PP AF Andrews, A. E. Kofler, J. D. Trudeau, M. E. Williams, J. C. Neff, D. H. Masarie, K. A. Chao, D. Y. Kitzis, D. R. Novelli, P. C. Zhao, C. L. Dlugokencky, E. J. Lang, P. M. Crotwell, M. J. Fischer, M. L. Parker, M. J. Lee, J. T. Baumann, D. D. Desai, A. R. Stanier, C. O. De Wekker, S. F. J. Wolfe, D. E. Munger, J. W. Tans, P. P. TI CO2, CO, and CH4 measurements from tall towers in the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network: instrumentation, uncertainty analysis, and recommendations for future high-accuracy greenhouse gas monitoring efforts SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MOLE FRACTIONS; AIR; SCALE; SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSION; ANALYZER; METHANE; DESIGN AB A reliable and precise in situ CO2 and CO analysis system has been developed and deployed at eight sites in the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's (ESRL) Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network. The network uses very tall (> 300 m) television and radio transmitter towers that provide a convenient platform for mid-boundary-layer trace-gas sampling. Each analyzer has three sample inlets for profile sampling, and a complete vertical profile is obtained every 15 min. The instrument suite at one site has been augmented with a cavity ring-down spectrometer for measuring CO2 and CH4. The long-term stability of the systems in the field is typically better than 0.1 ppm for CO2, 6 ppb for CO, and 0.5 ppb for CH4, as determined from repeated standard gas measurements. The instrumentation is fully automated and includes sensors for measuring a variety of status parameters, such as temperatures, pressures, and flow rates, that are inputs for automated alerts and quality control algorithms. Detailed and time-dependent uncertainty estimates have been constructed for all of the gases, and the uncertainty framework could be readily adapted to other species or analysis systems. The design emphasizes use of off-theshelf parts and modularity to facilitate network operations and ease of maintenance. The systems report high-quality data with > 93% uptime. Recurrent problems and limitations of the current system are discussed along with general recommendations for high-accuracy trace-gas monitoring. The network is a key component of the North American Carbon Program and a useful model for future research-grade operational greenhouse gas monitoring efforts. C1 [Andrews, A. E.; Kofler, J. D.; Trudeau, M. E.; Williams, J. C.; Neff, D. H.; Masarie, K. A.; Chao, D. Y.; Kitzis, D. R.; Novelli, P. C.; Zhao, C. L.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Lang, P. M.; Crotwell, M. J.; Wolfe, D. E.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kofler, J. D.; Trudeau, M. E.; Neff, D. H.; Chao, D. Y.; Kitzis, D. R.; Zhao, C. L.; Crotwell, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trudeau, M. E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Williams, J. C.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Fischer, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crotwell, M. J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Crotwell, M. J.] Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Aiken, SC USA. [Lee, J. T.] Univ Maine, Sch Forestry, Ctr Res Sustainable Forestry, Orono, ME USA. [Baumann, D. D.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI USA. [Stanier, C. O.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [De Wekker, S. F. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Andrews, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM arlyn.andrews@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Stanier, Charles/D-4307-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Stanier, Charles/0000-0001-9924-0853; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 FU WKT with cooperation from the Blackland Research and Extension Center; WBI has been provided by students from the University of Iowa; NASA Iowa Space Grant Consortium; National Science Foundation Biocomplexity in the Environment Program [ATM-0221850]; DOE Office of Science-Terrestrial Carbon Processes program [DE-AC09-08SR22470]; LLC [DE-AC09-08SR22470]; US Department of Energy; California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [DEB-0845166] FX We thank Peter Bakwin for valuable advice based on his experiences as lead scientist for the NOAA tall tower network. Aris Legoretta and David (Zim) Sherman contributed to design and testing of the CO2/CO system. Ron Teclaw helped to establish the LEF site and assisted with operations for more than a decade. Ranjan Muttiah, Joaquin Sanabria, and Onyango Okello provided support at WKT with cooperation from the Blackland Research and Extension Center. Local support at WBI has been provided by students from the University of Iowa, including Alicia Pettibone, Adam Beranek-Collins, Jameson Schoenfelder, Alex Bender, Robert Bullard, Ben Behrendt, and Andrew Hesselink, several of whom were sponsored by the NASA Iowa Space Grant Consortium. Site support at SNP has been provided by Temple Lee. Sonja Wolter, Jack Higgs, Doug Guenther, and Kelly Sours have contributed substantially to tower PFP sampling efforts. Colm Sweeney, Anna Karion, Huilin Chen, and Tim Newberger loaned Picarro CRDS analyzers for testing and provided advice particularly regarding installation and calibration of Picarro analyzers, uncertainty estimation, and PFP comparisons. Jeff Peischl and Tom Ryerson contributed data and results from comparisons with the NOAA P-3 CO2 analyzer. Scott Richardson and Tasha Miles carried out and analyzed data from the WBI CRDS comparison. Installation of equipment at AMT was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation Biocomplexity in the Environment Program (ATM-0221850). We thank Verizon Wireless for continuing support at AMT and Steve Wofsy and David Hollinger for assistance with establishing the AMT site. Installation of equipment at SCT was accomplished with funding provided by the DOE Office of Science-Terrestrial Carbon Processes program and performed under contract no. DE-AC09-08SR22470. The Savannah River National Laboratory is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the US Department of Energy. Roger Strand and others at Wisconsin Public Television have facilitated installation and maintenance of equipment at LEF. Deployment and operation of the Picarro analyzer at WGC is collaboration between NOAA ESRL and LBNL and has been supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Ankur Desai's work at LEF has been supported by NSF grant no. DEB-0845166. Anna Karion, Huilin Chen, Colm Sweeney, Andrew Crotwell, and two anonymous reviewers provided many helpful suggestions for improving the paper. Referee # 1 provided an especially thorough review that motivated additional testing of our analytical system and more careful description of the uncertainty framework. NR 50 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 647 EP 687 DI 10.5194/amt-7-647-2014 PG 41 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC3AF UT WOS:000332386700021 ER PT J AU Ward, AE Rosenthal, BM AF Ward, Amanda E. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. TI Evolutionary responses of innate immunity to adaptive immunity SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Toll-like receptors; Pattern recognition receptors; JAK/STAT signaling; Agnathostome immunity; Innate immunity; VLR immunity ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; DIVERSITY; SYSTEM AB Innate immunity is present in all metazoans, whereas the evolutionarily more novel adaptive immunity is limited to jawed fishes and their descendants (gnathostomes). We observe that the organisms that possess adaptive immunity lack diversity in their innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), raising the question: did gnathostomes lose the diversity of their ancestors? Or might innate receptors have diversified in the lineage lacking adaptive immunity? We address this question by contextualizing PRRs in their distinct functional roles in organisms possessing or lacking adaptive immunity. In particular, limited PRR diversity in gnathostomes is accompanied by an expansion of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which would suggest that the development of adaptive immunity shifted the role of PRRs from the entirety of pathogen recognition to regulators of subsequent immune responses. As PRRs became essential upstream components of the increasingly complex JAK/STAT signaling cascade in organisms possessing adaptive immunity, it may have limited their freedom to diversify. By contrast, PRR diversity continues to confer an advantage for organisms lacking the means to generate non-self recognition receptors via somatic mutation. Extensive deuterostome PRR diversity may have been driven by gnathostome adaptive immunity inducing diversification of shared pathogens, which exerted strong diversifying selection on deuterostome PRRs. Thus, the development of adaptive immunity changed the role of PRRs in immunity as well as the selective forces on host receptors, deuterostomes, and pathogens. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ward, Amanda E.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ward, AE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wardae@terpmail.umd.edu; benjamin.rosentha-l@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.021 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AC1RN UT WOS:000332273800061 PM 24412725 ER PT J AU Henson, CA Duke, SH Vinje, MA AF Henson, Cynthia A. Duke, Stanley H. Vinje, Marcus A. TI A Comparison of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Thermostabilities and Wort Sugars Produced During Mashing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE alpha-Amylase; beta-Amylase; Enzyme thermostability; Limit dextrinase; Mashing; Wort sugars ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; BETA-AMYLASE ACTIVITY; INTRON III ALLELES; DIASTATIC POWER ENZYMES; PISUM-SATIVUM-L; ALPHA-AMYLASE; LIMIT DEXTRINASE; OSMOLYTE CONCENTRATION; GERMINATED BARLEY; FRUCTAN EXOHYDROLASE AB This study was conducted primarily to determine the relationship between barley amylolytic enzyme thermolability of malts produced over several days of germination and wort sugar concentrations produced during mashing. Seeds of 4 two-row and 4 six-row North American elite barley cultivars were steeped and germinated in a micromalter. At 24 hour intervals throughout 6 days of germination, green malt was removed and kilned. Malts were assayed for activities of alpha- and (beta-amylase and limit dextrinase before and after mashing at 70 degrees C for 30 min to determine thermostabilities. Wort sugars were assayed after mashing. a-Amylase thermostability was either unaffected or higher after the 70 degrees C mashing indicating that it is not thermolabile for 30 min at 70 degrees C. In contrast, malt beta-amylase and limit dextrinase thermostabilities greatly decreased between days 1 and 2, indicating a strong developmental influence on this parameter. For all cultivars combined, over all days of germination, malt beta-amylase and limit dextrinase thermostabilities correlated negatively and highly significantly with total wort sugars (r = -0.656, P < 0.0001; r = -0.767, P < 0.0001, respectively) and with fermentable wort sugars. Six-row cultivar beta-amylase and limit dextrinase thermostabilities correlated slightly better than two-row cultivar thermostabilities with total and individual sugar concentrations (e.g., total sugars: two-row beta-amylase and limit dextrinase, r = -0.645, P < 0.0001, r = -0.770, P < 0.0001, respectively; six-row beta-amylase and limit dextrinase, r = -0.686, P < 0.0001, r = -0.808, P < 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, the non-fermentable maltodextins, maltotetraose through maltoheptaose, correlated positively and highly significantly with beta-amylase and limit dextrinase thermostabilities. These data suggest that beta-amylase and limit dextrinase thermostabilities become more limiting to starch degradation as germination proceeds. Also, these data are in direct contrast to correlations of initial activities of these enzymes and wort sugars produced by malts over 6 days of germination. beta-Amylase intron III allelic variation had no effect on thermostability or activity on the day of optimal malt modification (day 5) or any other day where LSD analysis was significant, indicating that, as in past studies, North American barley germplasm, beta-amylase thermostability, and activity are not influenced by intron III allelic variation. C1 [Henson, Cynthia A.; Vinje, Marcus A.] USDA ARS, CCRU, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Henson, Cynthia A.; Duke, Stanley H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Henson, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, CCRU, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cynthia.henson@ars.usda.gov FU American Malting Barley Association, Inc.; USDA-ARS, USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Barley Genome Project FX Financial support was provided in part by the American Malting Barley Association, Inc. and the USDA-ARS, USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Barley Genome Project Special Grant. We thank Charles B. Karpelenia, Joseph T. Dietrich, and Robert D. Vogelzang for their expert technical assistance, and Allen D. Budde and Christopher H. Martens for their assistance in malting. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0361-0470 EI 1943-7854 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PY 2014 VL 72 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1094/ASBCJ-2014-0130-01 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA AC5XO UT WOS:000332594500007 ER PT J AU Ghosh, R Choi, B Cho, BK Lim, HS Park, SU Bae, HJ Natarajan, S Bae, H AF Ghosh, Ritesh Choi, Bosung Cho, Byoung-Kwan Lim, Hyoun-Sub Park, Sang-Un Bae, Hyeun-Jong Natarajan, Savithiry Bae, Hanhong TI Characterization of Developmental- and Stress-Mediated Expression of Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CAFFEOYL-COENZYME; DROUGHT STRESSES; ABIOTIC STRESSES; PLANTS; CLONING AB Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) is an important enzyme for lignin biosynthesis as it catalyzes the first specific committed step in monolignol biosynthesis. We have cloned a full length coding sequence of CCR from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), which contains a 1,020- bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 339 amino acids of 37.37 kDa, with an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.27 (JX524276, HcCCR2). BLAST result found that it has high homology with other plant CCR orthologs. Multiple alignment with other plant CCR sequences showed that it contains two highly conserved motifs: NAD(P) binding domain (VTGAGGFIASWMVKLLLEKGY) at N- terminal and probable catalytic domain (NWYCYGK). According to phylogenetic analysis, it was closely related to CCR sequences of Gossypium hirsutum (ACQ59094) and Populus trichocarpa (CAC07424). HcCCR2 showed ubiquitous expression in various kenaf tissues and the highest expression was detected in mature flower. HcCCR2 was expressed differentially in response to various stresses, and the highest expression was observed by drought and NaCl treatments. C1 [Ghosh, Ritesh; Choi, Bosung; Bae, Hanhong] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Cho, Byoung-Kwan] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst Machinery Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Lim, Hyoun-Sub] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Appl Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Park, Sang-Un] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Bae, Hyeun-Jong] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioenergy Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Natarajan, Savithiry] USDA ARS, Invas Insects Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bae, H (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM hanhongbae@ynu.ac.kr OI Ghosh, Ritesh/0000-0002-2528-7277 FU Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ907054] FX This work was carried out with the support of "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (PJ907054)," Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2014 AR 601845 DI 10.1155/2014/601845 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC6KJ UT WOS:000332631200001 ER PT J AU Ruan, YY Konstantinov, AS Ge, SQ Yang, XK AF Ruan, Yongying Konstantinov, Alexander S. Ge, Siqin Yang, Xingke TI Revision of the Chaetocnema picipes species-group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) in China, with descriptions of three new species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Alticinae; species group; new species; China; flea beetles ID GENUS AB The Chinese Chaetocnema picipes species-group is revised. It contains 5 species including 3 new species: C. cheni sp. n., C. constricta sp. n. and C. kingpinensis sp. n. The lectotype of C. fortecostata is designated. A key to all known species of this group from China and the illustrations of habitus and genitalia are provided. A distribution map of species is given. C1 [Ruan, Yongying; Ge, Siqin; Yang, Xingke] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Ruan, Yongying] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Yang, XK (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM Alex.Konstantinov@ars.usda.gov; yangxk@ioz.ac.cn FU National Science Foundation of China (PI) [3010300101, 31372239]; National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (Special Subjects in Animal Taxonomy) [NSFC-J1210002] FX We express our thanks to Dr. Ganyan Yang (IZCAS), for suggestions on earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China to Xingke Yang (PI, Grant No. 3010300101 and Grant No. 31372239) and the National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (Special Subjects in Animal Taxonomy, NSFC-J1210002). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2014 IS 387 BP 11 EP 32 DI 10.3897/zookeys.387.6672 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AC8JB UT WOS:000332778200002 PM 24693217 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZX Guo, C Sutharzan, S Li, P Echt, CS Zhang, J Liang, C AF Zhao, Zhixin Guo, Cheng Sutharzan, Sreeskandarajan Li, Pei Echt, Craig S. Zhang, Jie Liang, Chun TI Genome-Wide Analysis of Tandem Repeats in Plants and Green Algae SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE tandem repeats; green algae; genomes; SSR; plants ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; GENE-REGULATION; DNA-SEQUENCES; SSR MARKERS; MICROSATELLITES; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION AB Tandem repeats (TRs) extensively exist in the genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Based on the sequenced genomes and gene annotations of 31 plant and algal species in Phytozome version 8.0 (http://www.phytozome.net/), we examined TRs in a genome-wide scale, characterized their distributions and motif features, and explored their putative biological functions. Among the 31 species, no significant correlation was detected between the TR density and genome size. Interestingly, green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (42,059 bp/Mbp) and castor bean Ricinus communis (55,454 bp/Mbp) showed much higher TR densities than all other species (13,209 bp/Mbp on average). In the 29 land plants, including 22 dicots, 5 monocots, and 2 bryophytes, 5 '-UTR and upstream intergenic 200-nt (UI200) regions had the first and second highest TR densities, whereas in the two green algae (C. reinhardtii and Volvox carteri) the first and second highest densities were found in intron and coding sequence (CDS) regions, respectively. In CDS regions, trinucleotide and hexanucleotide motifs were those most frequently represented in all species. In intron regions, especially in the two green algae, significantly more TRs were detected near the intron-exon junctions. Within intergenic regions in dicots and monocots, more TRs were found near both the 5 ' and 3 ' ends of genes. GO annotation in two green algae revealed that the genes with TRs in introns are significantly involved in transcriptional and translational processing. As the first systematic examination of TRs in plant and green algal genomes, our study showed that TRs displayed nonrandom distribution for both intragenic and intergenic regions, suggesting that they have potential roles in transcriptional or translational regulation in plants and green algae. C1 [Zhao, Zhixin; Guo, Cheng; Sutharzan, Sreeskandarajan; Li, Pei; Liang, Chun] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Li, Pei] Xiamen Univ, Dept Automat, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Echt, Craig S.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Zhang, Jie] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. RP Liang, C (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM liangc@miamioh.edu FU NIH-AREA [1R15GM94732-1 A1]; Botany Department and Office for the Advancement of Research and Scholarship (OARS) of Miami University in Ohio FX We thank Qingshun Quinn Li and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to improve the manuscript. C.L. managed and coordinated the project. Z.Z. performed data collection and data analysis. C.G. and S.S. helped with statistical analyses. P.L. implemented GO analysis in V. carteri. All authors participated in manuscript writing and editing. This project was funded partially by the NIH-AREA (1R15GM94732-1 A1 to C.L.) and the Botany Department and Office for the Advancement of Research and Scholarship (OARS) of Miami University in Ohio. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 23 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1534/g3.113.008524 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AC5YN UT WOS:000332597000008 PM 24192840 ER PT J AU Sathitsuksanoh, N Holtman, KM Yelle, DJ Morgan, T Stavila, V Pelton, J Blanch, H Simmons, BA George, A AF Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon Holtman, Kevin M. Yelle, Daniel J. Morgan, Trevor Stavila, Vitalie Pelton, Jeffrey Blanch, Harvey Simmons, Blake A. George, Anthe TI Lignin fate and characterization during ionic liquid biomass pretreatment for renewable chemicals and fuels production SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STATE 2D NMR; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; DILUTE-ACID; WOOD LIGNIN; CELLULOSE; SPECTROSCOPY; SWITCHGRASS; SACCHARIFICATION; DELIGNIFICATION; LIGNOCELLULOSE AB The fate of lignin from wheat straw, Miscanthus, and Loblolly pine after pretreatment by a non-toxic and recyclable ionic liquid (IL), [C(2)mim][OAc], followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. The lignin partitioned into six process streams, each of which was quantified and analyzed by a combination of a novel solution-state two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Pretreatment of biomass samples by [C(2)mim][OAc] at 120 and 160 degrees C enhances hydrolysis rates and enzymatic glucan digestions compared to those of untreated biomass samples. Lignin partitioning into the different streams can be controlled by altering the ionic liquid pre-treatment conditions, with higher temperatures favoring higher lignin partitioning to the IL stream. 2D NMR bond abundance data and SEC results reveal that lignin is depolymerized during ionic liquid pretreatment, and lignin of different molecular masses can be isolated in the different process streams. SEC suggested that higher molecular mass lignin was precipitated from the ionic liquid, leaving smaller molecular mass lignin in solution for further extraction. Lignin obtained as a residue of enzymatic hydrolysis contained the highest molecular mass molecules, similar in structure to the control lignin. The results suggest that isolated lignins via IL pretreatment from all three feedstocks were both depolymerized and did not contain new condensed structures. This finding leads to the possibility that lignin obtained from this IL pretreatment process may be more amenable to upgrading, thereby enhancing biorefinery economics. C1 [Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Blanch, Harvey; Simmons, Blake A.; George, Anthe] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Holtman, Kevin M.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yelle, Daniel J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Morgan, Trevor] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie; Simmons, Blake A.; George, Anthe] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Pelton, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blanch, Harvey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sathitsuksanoh, N (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM ageorge@lbl.gov RI sathitsuksanoh, noppadon/O-6305-2014 OI sathitsuksanoh, noppadon/0000-0003-1521-9155 FU Total; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed as part of a collaboration program between JBEI and Total. Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh's and Anthe George's work in this program is funded by Total. Angelique Chanal, Vineet Rajgarhia, Laurent Fourage and Henri Strub, Total New Energies - R&D, are acknowledged for their contribution to this collaborative program. The portion of the work conducted by the Joint BioEnergy Institute was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. DOE under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 84 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1236 EP 1247 DI 10.1039/c3gc42295j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB8KO UT WOS:000332039200033 ER PT J AU Yang, HC Haudenshield, JS Hartman, GL AF Yang, Hui-Ching Haudenshield, James S. Hartman, Glen L. TI Colletotrichum incanum sp nov., a curved-conidial species causing soybean anthracnose in USA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE multigene phylogeny; new species; soybean pathogen ID SPORED GRAMINICOLOUS COLLETOTRICHUM; PRIMER SETS; 1ST REPORT; GLOMERELLA; SYSTEMATICS; TRUNCATUM; DISEASES; GRASSES AB Soybean anthracnose is caused by a number of species of Colletotri chum that as a group represent an important disease that results in significant economic losses. In the current study, Colletotrichum species were isolated from soybean petioles and stems with anthracnose symptoms from soybean fields in Illinois. Multigene sequence phylogenic analysis, combining rDNA internal transcribed spacer, actin, beta-tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and histone H3 gene regions, revealed a group of isolates collected in this study to be distinct from other established Colletotri chum species. This new group was phylogenetically closer to C. Eriopes, C. tofieldiae and C. verruculosum than to C. truncatum, another species with curved conidia commonly found on soybean. A representative isolate from this new group was used to examine its morphology, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity to soybean; it was found to differ from C. truncatum in colony culture characteristics and sizes of conidia and appressoria. As a result of the molecular phylogenetic, morphological and pathogenicity analyses, we named this species Colletotrichum incanum. Of the 84 Colletotrichum isolates collected from soybean petioles, 40 were C. incanum, indicating that this species may commonly occur. C1 [Yang, Hui-Ching] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Haudenshield, James S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, ARS, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, USDA,Natl Soybean Res Ctr,Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, ARS, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, USDA,Natl Soybean Res Ctr,Dept Crop Sci, 1101 West Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; United Soybean Board FX We thank Dr C.R. Bowen for collecting soybean plants from the fields. This research was financially supported in part by USDA Agricultural Research Service and the United Soybean Board. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 17 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.3852/13-013 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AC3NV UT WOS:000332429400004 PM 24603833 ER PT J AU Elliott, TF Bougher, NL O'Donnell, K Trappe, JM AF Elliott, Todd F. Bougher, Neale L. O'Donnell, Kerry Trappe, James M. TI Morchella australiana sp nov., an apparent Australian endemic from New South Wales and Victoria SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Callitris; Eucalyptus; Morchellaceae; Morels; Pezizales; Western Australia ID TRUE MORELS MORCHELLA; PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES RECOGNITION; REVEALS; TURKEY AB An abundant fruiting of a black morel was encountered in temperate northwestern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, during a mycological survey in Sep 2010. The site was west of the Great Dividing Range in a young, dry sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus and Callitris north of Coonabarabran in an area known as the Pilliga Scrub. Although the Pilliga Scrub is characterized by frequent and often large, intense wildfires, the site showed no sign of recent fire, which suggests this species is not a postfire morel. Caps of the Morchella elata-like morel were brown with blackish ridges supported by a pubescent stipe that became brown at maturity. Because no morel has been described as native to Australia, the collections were subjected to multilocus molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses to assess its identity. Results of these analyses indicated that our collection, together with collections from NSW and Victoria, represented a novel, genealogically exclusive lineage, which is described and illustrated here as Morchella australiana T. F. Elliott, Bougher, O'Donnell & Trappe, sp. nov. C1 [Elliott, Todd F.] Warren Wilson Coll, Dept Biol, Asheville, NC 28815 USA. [Bougher, Neale L.] Western Australia Herbarium, Div Sci, Dept Environm & Conservat, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Trappe, James M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Trappe, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM trappej@onid.orst.edu FU CSIRO Ecosystems Studies, Australia; USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon FX Elliott is grateful for guidance and support from Drs Mark V. Brenner, Environmental Studies, and Paul J. Bartels, Biology/Environmental Studies and Chair, Division of Natural Sciences, Warren Wilson College, and Mr Bob and Ms Babs Strickland of Walnut Creek Preserve, Polk County, North Carolina, Ms Allein Stanley, mycological curator of the Schiele Museum, Gastonia, North Carolina, for assistance and providing use of the museum's facilities. This study was supported in part by CSIRO Ecosystems Studies, Australia and the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon. For accessioning our collections, we thank CANB, Australian National Herbarium (Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia); MEL, Royal Botanic Gardens (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia); and OSC, Oregon State (Corvallis, Oregon, USA). We thank Stacy Sink for expert technical assistance, Nathane Orwig for running sequences in the NCAUR DNA Core Facility and Art Thompson for assistance with SEM. The mention of company names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other companies or similar products not mentioned. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.3852/13-065 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AC3NV UT WOS:000332429400012 PM 24603835 ER PT J AU Amaradasa, BS Lakshman, D Horvath, BJ Amundsen, KL AF Amaradasa, Bimal S. Lakshman, Dilip Horvath, Brandon J. Amundsen, Keenan L. TI Development of SCAR markers and UP-PCR cross-hybridization method for specific detection of four major subgroups of Rhizoctonia from infected turfgrasses SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE brown patch; cool-season turfgrass; cross-blot hybridization; digoxigenin-labeled probe; Rhizoctonia solani; SCAR marker; UP-PCR; Waitea circinata ID BINUCLEATE RHIZOCTONIA; ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; SOLANI COMPLEX; BROWN PATCH; FUNGICIDES; SENSITIVITY; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; PRIMERS AB A rapid identification assay for Waitea circinata (anamorph: Rhizoctonia spp.) varieties zeae and circinata causing patch diseases on turfgrasses was developed based on the universally primed PCR (UP-PCR) products cross-blot hybridization. Tester isolates belonging to the two varieties of W. circinata were amplified with a single UP primer L21, which generated multiple DNA fragments for each variety. Probes were prepared with UP-PCR products of each tester isolate by labeling with digoxigenin. Field-collected W. circinata isolates and representative isolates of different R. solani anastomosis groups (AG) and AG subgroups were amplified with L21, immobilized on nylon membrane and cross hybridized with the two probes. Isolates within a W. circinata variety cross-hybridized strongly, while non-homologous isolates did not cross-hybridize or did so weakly. Closely related W. circinata varieties zeae and circinata were clearly distinguished with this assay. Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers also were developed from UP-PCR products to identify isolates of Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph: R. solani) AG 1-IB and AG 2-2IIIB. These two AGs are commonly isolated from diseased, cool-season turfgrasses. The specific SCAR markers that were developed could differentiate isolates of AG 1-IB or AG 2-2IIIB groups. These SCAR markers did not amplify a product from genomic DNA of nontarget isolates of Rhizoctonia. The specificities and sensitivities of the SCAR primers were tested on total DNA extracted from several field-grown, cool-season turf species having severe brown-patch symptoms. First, the leaf samples from diseased turf species were tested for the anastomosis groups of the causal pathogen, and thereafter the total DNA was amplified with the specific primers. The specific primers were sensitive and unique enough to produce a band from total DNA of diseased turfgrasses infected with either AG 1-IB or AG 2-2IIIB. C1 [Amaradasa, Bimal S.; Amundsen, Keenan L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lakshman, Dilip] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horvath, Brandon J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lakshman, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dilip.Lakshman@ars.usda.gov FU United States Golf Association FX This work was financially supported in part by the United States Golf Association. We also thank Drs Marc Cubeta and Lane Tredway (North Carolina State Univ.), Bruce Martin (Clemson Univ.), Frank Wong (Bayer Crop Science), Megan Kennelly (Kansas State Univ.) and Craig Rothrock (Univ. of Arkansas) for sharing their R. solani tester isolates to make this research work a success. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.3852/13-006 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AC3NV UT WOS:000332429400017 PM 24396105 ER PT J AU Nord, M AF Nord, Mark TI What have we learned from two decades of research on household food security? SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nord, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM marknord@ers.usda.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 EI 1475-2727 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1017/S1368980013003091 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AC2YX UT WOS:000332383300002 ER PT J AU Garcia-Rios, A Gomez-Delgado, FJ Garaulet, M Alcala-Diaz, JF Delgado-Lista, FJ Marin, C Rangel-Zuniga, OA Rodriguez-Cantalejo, F Gomez-Luna, P Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Martinez, P AF Garcia-Rios, Antonio Jesus Gomez-Delgado, Francisco Garaulet, Marta Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan Javier Delgado-Lista, Francisco Marin, Carmen Alberto Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol Rodriguez-Cantalejo, Fernando Gomez-Luna, Purificacion Maria Ordovas, Jose Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Lopez-Miranda, Jose Perez-Martinez, Pablo TI Beneficial effect of CLOCK gene polymorphism rs1801260 in combination with low-fat diet on insulin metabolism in the patients with metabolic syndrome SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Coronary heart disease; diet; gene; metabolic syndrome; secondary prevention ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; OBESE WOMEN; RISK; RESISTANCE AB Genetic variation at the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) locus has been associated with lifestyle-related conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, it has been suggested that the disruption of the circadian system may play a causal role in manifestations of MetS. The aim of this research was to find out whether habitual consumption of a low-fat diet, compared with a Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil, modulates the associations between common CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1801260, rs3749474 and rs4580704) and lipid and glucose-related traits among MetS patients. Plasma lipid and insulin concentrations, indexes related with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)) and CLOCK SNPs were determined in 475 MetS subjects participating in the CORDIOPREV clinical trial (NCT00924937). Gene-diet interactions were analyzed after a year of dietary intervention (Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)) versus low-fat diet (28% fat, 12% MUFA)). We found significant gene-diet interactions between rs1801260 SNP and the dietary pattern for insulin concentrations (p = 0.009), HOMA-IR (p = 0.014) and QUICKI (p = 0.028). Specifically, after 12 months of low-fat intervention, subjects who were homozygous for the major allele (TT) displayed lower plasma insulin concentrations (p = 0.032), lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.027) and higher insulin sensitivity (QUICKI; p = 0.024) compared with carriers of the minor allele C (TC+CC). In contrast, in the Mediterranean intervention group a different trend was observed although no significant differences were found between CLOCK genotypes after 12 months of treatment. Our data support the notion that a chronic consumption of a healthy diet may play a contributing role in triggering glucose metabolism by interacting with the rs1801260 SNP at CLOCK gene locus in MetS patients. Due to the complex nature of gene-environment interactions, dietary adjustment in subjects with the MetS may require a personalized approach. C1 [Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Jesus Gomez-Delgado, Francisco; Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan; Javier Delgado-Lista, Francisco; Marin, Carmen; Alberto Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol; Gomez-Luna, Purificacion; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Martinez, Pablo] Univ Cordoba, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, IMIBIC, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain. [Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Jesus Gomez-Delgado, Francisco; Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan; Javier Delgado-Lista, Francisco; Marin, Carmen; Alberto Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol; Gomez-Luna, Purificacion; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Martinez, Pablo] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Garaulet, Marta] Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Physiol, Murcia, Spain. [Rodriguez-Cantalejo, Fernando] Univ Cordoba, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, IMIBIC, Clin Anal Serv, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] IMDEA, Madrid, Spain. RP Perez-Martinez, P (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain. EM pablopermar@yahoo.es RI Alcala-Diaz, Juan Francisco/F-5329-2016; OI Alcala-Diaz, Juan Francisco/0000-0002-4572-3611; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Gomez Delgado, Francisco/0000-0002-0216-2084 FU Fundacion Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, Junta de Andalucia (Consejeria de Salud, Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa); Diputaciones de Jaen y Cordoba; Centro de Excelencia en Investigacion sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud; Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Gobierno de Espana; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AGL2009-122270, FIS PI10/01041, PI10/02412]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AGL2012/39615]; Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion y Ciencia, Proyectos de Investigacion de Excelencia, Junta de Andalucia [AGR922]; Consejeria de Igualdad, Salud y Politicas Sociales [PI-0206-2013]; Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia [PI0193/09, 0118/08, PI-0252/09, PI-0058/10]; Consejeria de Innovacion Ciencia y Empresa [CVI-7450]; Merck Serono; ISCIII research contract (Programa Rio-Hortega); Fundacion 2000 FX The CORDIOPREV study is supported by the Fundacion Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, Junta de Andalucia (Consejeria de Salud, Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa), Diputaciones de Jaen y Cordoba, Centro de Excelencia en Investigacion sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Gobierno de Espana. It is also partly supported by research grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (AGL2009-122270 to J L- M, FIS PI10/01041 to P P-M, PI10/02412 to F P- J); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (AGL2012/39615 to J L- M); Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion y Ciencia, Proyectos de Investigacion de Excelencia, Junta de Andalucia (AGR922 to F P- J); Consejeria de Igualdad, Salud y Politicas Sociales 2013 (PI-0206-2013 to A G-R); Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia (PI0193/09 to J L-M), 0118/08 to F F-J, PI-0252/09 to J D-L, and PI-0058/10 to P P-M; Consejeria de Innovacion Ciencia y Empresa (CVI-7450 to J L-M); Merck Serono and Fundacion 2000 (Clinical research in Cardiometabolic to PP-M). JF Alcala-Diaz is supported by an ISCIII research contract (Programa Rio-Hortega). The CIBEROBN is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. All decisions regarding the design, conduct, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication were made independently by the authors. None of the authors has any conflict of interest that could affect the performance of the work or the interpretation of the data. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0742-0528 EI 1525-6073 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 2014 VL 31 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.3109/07420528.2013.864300 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA AB9NV UT WOS:000332122200012 PM 24328727 ER PT J AU Eberle, CA Forcella, F Gesch, R Peterson, D Eklund, J AF Eberle, Carrie A. Forcella, Frank Gesch, Russ Peterson, Dean Eklund, James TI Seed germination of calendula in response to temperature SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Calendula officinalis L. 'Carola'; Germination; Seed; Cardinal temperature; Thermal death ID OFFICINALIS; LEAKAGE; GROWTH; LIGHT AB Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) seeds contain high concentrations of calendic acid (C18:3) which can be used as tung and linseed oil substitutes. Calendula is adapted to temperate climate, but field studies in western Minnesota indicated that stand establishment was susceptible to high soil temperatures immediately after planting in spring. Consequently, understanding the temperature conditions that govern germination of calendula is necessary to incorporate the crop into crop rotations of the Upper Midwest, U.S. Temperature gradient bar and heat-shock experiments were used to characterize calendula (cv. 'Carola') sensitivity before and during germination. Seed germinated between 2 and 32 C with the optimum germination temperature at 16-17 degrees C. Heat shock temperatures (35-40 degrees C) of less than 50h duration reduced germination (at 16 degrees C) below 50%. At 45 C, 100% seed lethality was induced within 24 h of heat treatment. Accordingly, calendula seed should be sown in the field only if forecasted soil conditions are expected to be below 30 degrees C during seed germination. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eberle, Carrie A.; Forcella, Frank; Gesch, Russ; Peterson, Dean; Eklund, James] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Eberle, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM carrie.eberle@ars.usda.gov; frank.forcella@ars.usda.gov; russ.gesch@ars.usda.gov; dean.peterson@ars.usda.gov; jim.eklund@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2012-67009-20272] FX We would like to thank Elise Porcher for her contributions in collecting data for the gradient bar germination trials and Jesse Eklund for his preliminary germination studies in response to heat shock. This work was supported through the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) award 2012-67009-20272. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.031 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AC0MK UT WOS:000332189200028 ER PT J AU Holt, GA Chow, P Wanjura, JD Pelletier, MG Wedegaertner, TC AF Holt, G. A. Chow, P. Wanjura, J. D. Pelletier, M. G. Wedegaertner, T. C. TI Evaluation of thermal treatments to improve physical and mechanical properties of bio-composites made from cotton byproducts and other agricultural fibers SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Composite; Agricultural fibers; Cotton; Water absorption; Thickness swelling ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; POLY(LACTIC ACID); PARTICLEBOARDS; STALKS; PINE AB Demand for wood products continues to grow at levels that challenge the available resources. Alternative materials are sought to sustainably supplement the wood fiber industry. Experiments were conducted on composite boards made from agricultural residues. The boards were subjected to thermal treatments to improve mechanical properties. Board construction was accomplished by pressing fibers in a 10% resin matrix with 1.5% wax at 166.0 and 3.45 MPa. Composite boards were produced using cotton carpel, cotton stalks, kenaf, flax, and southern yellow pine, and cotton carpel blended 50/50% with kenaf, cotton stalks, flax and southern yellow pine. In one thermal treatment, fiber was heated to 185 C for 30 min before the boards were made. In the other thermal treatment, finished boards were heated to 185 C for 30 min. Four specimens from each board were subjected to water absorption, thickness swelling, internal bond, and stress testing modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in accordance with methods described in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 1037-06a. Thermal-treating the fibers post-fabrication reduced water absorption in all boards compared to untreated specimens. Thermal-treating had mixed effects on MOE, MOR, and internal bond with some fiber composites having improved values while others had lower values. Kenaf had significantly higher water absorption and swell properties compared to the other materials. Southern yellow pine and flax had equivalent water resistance. Composite blends with cotton carpel exhibited equal or improved mechanical properties compared to non-blended treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holt, G. A.; Wanjura, J. D.; Pelletier, M. G.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Chow, P.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wedegaertner, T. C.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Holt, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM greg.holt@ars.usda.gov FU Mr. Tom Wedegaertner of Cotton Inc., Cary, North Carolina FX This project was partially funded by Mr. Tom Wedegaertner of Cotton Inc., Cary, North Carolina. The authors thank Bill Motter of Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc., Springfield, Oregon for providing the resin and wax used in this study. Thanks also goes to Dr. George Woodson and Mr. Randy Cason for the technical advice and the contribution of Southern Pine Particleboard furnishes, Flakeboard Particleboard Plant, Simsboro, Louisiana. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 BP 627 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.11.003 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AC0MK UT WOS:000332189200083 ER PT J AU Dowd, JLB Gese, EM Aubry, LM AF Dowd, Jennifer L. B. Gese, Eric M. Aubry, Lise M. TI Winter space use of coyotes in high-elevation environments: behavioral adaptations to deep-snow landscapes SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Coyote; Habitat; Snow compaction; Snow penetrability; Space use ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; EASTERN COYOTES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SNOWMOBILE TRAILS; EXTRINSIC FACTORS; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; CANIS-LATRANS; HABITAT USE; LYNX AB In the last century, coyotes (Canis latrans) have expanded their range geographically, but have also expanded their use of habitats within currently occupied regions. Because coyotes are not morphologically adapted for travel in deep snow, we studied coyote space use patterns in a deep-snow landscape to examine behavioral adaptations enabling them to use high elevations during winter. We examined the influence of snow depth, snow penetrability, canopy cover, and habitat type, as well as the rates of prey and predator track encounters, on coyote travel distance in high-elevation terrain in northwestern Wyoming, USA. We backtracked 13 radio-collared coyotes for 265.41 km during the winters of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008, and compared habitat use and movement patterns of the actual coyotes with 259.11 km of random travel paths. Coyotes used specific habitats differently than were available on the landscape. Open woodlands were used for the majority of coyote travel distance, followed by mixed conifer, and closed-stand spruce-fir. Prey track encounters peaked in closed-stand, mature Douglas fir, followed by 50- to 150-year-old lodgepole pine stands, and 0- to 40-year-old regeneration lodgepole pine stands. Snowmobile trails had the most variation between use and availability on the landscape (12.0 % use vs. 0.6 % available). Coyotes increased use of habitats with dense canopy cover as snow penetration increased and rates of rodent and red squirrel track encounters increased. Additionally, coyotes spent more time in habitats containing more tracks of ungulates. Conversely, use of habitats with less canopy cover decreased as snow depth increased, and coyotes traveled more directly in habitats with less canopy cover and lower snow penetration, suggesting coyotes used these habitats to travel. Coyotes persisted throughout the winter and effectively used resources despite deep snow conditions in a high-elevation environment. C1 [Dowd, Jennifer L. B.; Aubry, Lise M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gese, EM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM eric.gese@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU US Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan, Utah; US Forest Service, Bridger-Teton National Forest, Jackson, Wyoming; US Forest Service, Inter-mountain Region, Ogden, Utah; Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation, Jackson, Wyoming FX Funding and logistical support provided by: US Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan, Utah; US Forest Service, Bridger-Teton National Forest, Jackson, Wyoming; and US Forest Service, Inter-mountain Region, Ogden, Utah; and Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation, Jackson, Wyoming. We thank D. Chi and K. Johnson of the US Forest Service for their support, J. Bissonette and J. Squires for review of the manuscript, and P. Dowd, S. Dempsey, M. Greenblatt, S. Hegg, M. Holmes, M. Linnell, S. McKay, and G. Worley-Hood for field assistance. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 33 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 EI 1439-5444 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 32 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10164-013-0390-0 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA AC2UZ UT WOS:000332373100005 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Chiang, YW Waldbillig, J AF Ridpath, Julia F. Neill, John D. Chiang, Yu-Wei Waldbillig, Jill TI Stability of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 nucleic acid in fetal bovine samples stored under different conditions SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE fetal; polymerase chain reaction; detection; persistent infection; Bovine viral diarrhea virus ID VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; INFECTION; IMPACT; BVDV AB Infection of pregnant cattle with both species of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can result in reproductive disease that includes fetal reabsorption, mummification, abortion, stillbirths, congenital defects affecting structural, neural, reproductive, and immune systems, and the birth of calves persistently infected with BVDV. Accurate diagnosis of BVDV-associated reproductive disease is important to control BVDV at the production unit level and assessment of the cost of BVDV infections in support of BVDV control programs. The purpose of the current study was to examine the stability of viral nucleic acid in fetal tissues exposed to different conditions, as measured by detection by polymerase chain reaction. Five different types of fetal tissue, including brain, skin and muscle, ear, and 2 different pooled organ samples, were subjected to conditions that mimicked those that might exist for samples collected after abortions in production settings or possible storage conditions after collection and prior to testing. In addition, tissues were archived for 36 months at -20 degrees C and then retested, to mimic conditions that might occur in the case of retrospective surveillance studies. Brain tissue showed the highest stability under the conditions tested. The impact of fecal contamination was increased following archiving in all tissue types suggesting that, for long-term storage, effort should be made to reduce environmental contaminants before archiving. C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Chiang, Yu-Wei] Merial Ltd, Bio R&D, Athens, GA USA. [Waldbillig, Jill] Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, NADC, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1177/1040638713512315 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AB4WE UT WOS:000331789800002 PM 24352225 ER PT J AU Bauermann, FV Flores, EF Falkenberg, SM Weiblen, R Ridpath, JF AF Bauermann, Fernando V. Flores, Eduardo F. Falkenberg, Shollie M. Weiblen, Rudi Ridpath, Julia F. TI Lack of evidence for the presence of emerging HoBi-like viruses in North American fetal bovine serum lots SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE North America; diagnostic; HoBi; serology; Atypical pestiviruses ID VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; PESTIVIRUSES; CATTLE; SUBGENOTYPES; SAMPLES; PREDOMINANCE; ANTIBODIES; VACCINES AB The detection of an emerging pestivirus species, "HoBi-like virus," in fetal bovine serum (FBS) labeled as U.S. origin, but packaged in Europe, raised concerns that HoBi-like virus may have entered the United States. In the current study, 90 lots of FBS originating in North America (NA) were screened for pestivirus antigen and antibodies. Lots in group 1 (G1, 72 samples) and group 2 (G2, 9 samples) originated in NA and were packaged in the United States. Group 3 (G3) was composed of 9 lots collected in NA and processed in Europe. Lots in G1 were claimed negative for Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), while lots in G2 and G3 were claimed positive by the commercial processor. All lots in G1 and G2 tested negative by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using HoBi-like-specific primers. Two G1 lots tested positive by BVDV RT-PCR. One of these was also positive by virus isolation. All G2 lots were positive by BVDV RT-PCR. In addition, four G2 lots were VI positive while 1 lot was antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) positive. Two G3 lots were positive by HoBi-like-specific RT-PCR tests. All lots were negative for HoBi_D32/00 neutralizing antibodies. Seven lots (4 G1; 1 G2; 2 G3) had antibodies against BVDV by virus neutralization and/or antigen-capture ELISA. While there is no evidence of HoBi-like viruses in NA based on tested samples, further studies are required to validate HoBi-like virus-free status and develop means to prevent the spread of HoBi-like virus into NA. C1 [Bauermann, Fernando V.; Flores, Eduardo F.; Weiblen, Rudi] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Virus Sect, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Bauermann, Fernando V.; Falkenberg, Shollie M.; Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov RI Weiblen, Rudi/H-7003-2014; flores, eduardo/H-5125-2016 OI Weiblen, Rudi/0000-0002-1737-9817; NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1177/1040638713518208 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AB4WE UT WOS:000331789800003 PM 24415196 ER PT J AU Chung, C Wilson, C Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage, CB Kang, E Adams, DS Kappmeyer, LS Knowles, DP McElwain, TF Evermann, JF Ueti, MW Scoles, GA Lee, SS McGuire, TC AF Chung, Chungwon Wilson, Carey Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage, Chandima-Bandara Kang, Eunah Adams, D. Scott Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Knowles, Donald P. McElwain, Terry F. Evermann, James F. Ueti, Massaro W. Scoles, Glen A. Lee, Stephen S. McGuire, Travis C. TI Improved diagnostic performance of a commercial Anaplasma antibody competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5-glutathione S-transferase fusion protein as antigen SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma antibody; competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; diagnostic specificity and sensitivity; cattle ID MALTOSE-BINDING-PROTEIN; LATERAL FLOW ASSAY; BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS; MARGINALE INFECTIONS; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; CROSS-REACTIVITY; BLOOD-SAMPLES; CATTLE; RICKETTSEMIA; VALIDATION AB The current study tested the hypothesis that removal of maltose binding protein (MBP) from recombinant antigen used for plate coating would improve the specificity of a commercial Anaplasma antibody competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The number of 358 sera with significant MBP antibody binding (>= 30%I) in Anaplasma-negative herds was 139 (38.8%) when tested using the recombinant major surface protein 5 (rMSP5)-MBP cELISA without MBP adsorption. All but 8 of the MBP binders were rendered negative (<30%I) using the commercial rMSP5-MBP cELISA with MBP adsorption, resulting in 97.8% specificity. This specificity was higher than some previous reports, so to improve the specificity of the commercial cELISA, a new recombinant antigen designated rMSP5-glutathione S-transferase (GST) was developed, eliminating MBP from the antigen and obviating the need for MBP adsorption. Using the rMSP5-GST cELISA, only 1 of 358 Anaplasma-negative sera, which included the 139 sera with significant (>= 30%I) MBP binding in the rMSP5-MBP cELISA without MBP adsorption, was positive. This resulted in an improved diagnostic specificity of 99.7%. The rMSP5-GST cELISA without MBP adsorption had comparable analytical sensitivity to the rMSP5-MBP cELISA with MBP adsorption and had 100% diagnostic sensitivity when tested with 135 positive sera defined by nested polymerase chain reaction. Further, the rMSP5-GST cELISA resolved 103 false-positive reactions from selected sera with possible false-positive reactions obtained using the rMSP5-MBP cELISA with MBP adsorption and improved the resolution of 29 of 31 other sera. In summary, the rMSP5-GST cELISA was a faster and simpler assay with higher specificity, comparable sensitivity, and improved resolution in comparison with the rMSP5-MBP cELISA with MBP adsorption. C1 [Chung, Chungwon; Wilson, Carey; Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage, Chandima-Bandara; Adams, D. Scott; McGuire, Travis C.] VMRD Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Chung, Chungwon; McElwain, Terry F.; Evermann, James F.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kang, Eunah] Chungnam Natl Univ, Taejon, South Korea. [Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; Knowles, Donald P.; Ueti, Massaro W.] USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [Lee, Stephen S.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Chung, C (reprint author), VMRD Inc, 425 NW Alb Dr, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM chungwon@vmrd.com FU VMRD (Veterinary Medical Research and Development) Inc., Pullman, WA FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the general research funding of VMRD (Veterinary Medical Research and Development) Inc., Pullman, WA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1177/1040638713511813 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AB4WE UT WOS:000331789800009 PM 24318928 ER PT J AU Ghalmi, F China, B Jenkins, M Azzag, N Losson, B AF Ghalmi, Farida China, Bernard Jenkins, Mark Azzag, Naouelle Losson, Bertand TI Comparison of different serological methods to detect antibodies specific to Neospora caninum in bovine and canine sera SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE latex beads agglutination test; Cattle; diagnosis; Neospora caninum; dogs; NcGRA6 ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; SERODIAGNOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; CATTLE AB Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite responsible for paresis in dogs and abortion in cattle worldwide. Dogs serve as a definitive host, while cattle serve as intermediate host. Many different methods have been developed to detect specific antibodies present in cattle and dog serum. In the present study, the dense granule protein NcGRA6 was incorporated in a latex beads agglutination test (LAT), and compared to other serological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the direct agglutination test, the immunoblot, and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Using the IFAT as the reference method, 100 sera isolated from Algerian cattle and 100 sera isolated from Algerian dogs, both possibly infected with N. caninum, were used to evaluate the LAT. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa index were calculated for each host species and assay. For dog sera, the sensitivity and the specificity of the LAT was 76% and 100%, respectively. The McNemar test showed that the LAT was not significantly different from IFAT (P > 0.05). For cattle sera, the sensitivity and the specificity of the LAT were 60% and 100%, respectively. The McNemar test indicated that the LAT was significantly different from IFAT (P < 0.01) and that the LAT was only positive for cattle sera with titers of 1:800 or greater, indicating that LAT can be used for cattle in a clinical context. As well, the LAT has the advantage of being easy and rapid to perform compared to the other assays. C1 [China, Bernard] Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Brussels, Belgium. [Ghalmi, Farida; Losson, Bertand] Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Liege, Belgium. [Jenkins, Mark] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ghalmi, F (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Vet Alger El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria. EM fghalmi@yahoo.fr FU Algerian Ministry of Higher Education Teaching; Belgian Technical Cooperation FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by a grant of the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education Teaching and the Belgian Technical Cooperation. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1177/1040638713515480 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AB4WE UT WOS:000331789800018 PM 24398907 ER PT J AU Emery, MP Ostlund, EN Ichou, MA Ballin, JD McFarling, D McGonigle, L AF Emery, Michelle P. Ostlund, Eileen N. Ichou, Mohamed Ait Ballin, Jeff D. McFarling, David McGonigle, Luanne TI Coxiella burnetii serology assays in goat abortion storm SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Nine Mile; ovine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Coxiella burnetii; Abortion storm; polymerase chain reaction ID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; CATTLE AB Many commercial antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for Q fever utilize the Nine Mile (Montana tick) strain of Coxiella burnetii as antigen. An ELISA kit manufactured in France employs ovine placenta-sourced antigen and has been used in Europe. Sera from goats experiencing a Q fever abortion storm in the United States were used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these 2 ELISA formats and the Q fever complement fixation test (CFT). Latent class estimates of sensitivity ranged from 97% to 100% with a specificity of 95-100% for the 2 ELISA kits. Estimates for sensitivity and specificity of the CFT were 89% and 82%, respectively. There was not a significant increase in ELISA sensitivity observed with the ovine-sourced antigen kit in this study. Real-time polymerase chain reactions performed on a portion of the sera found that 15 out of 20 sera were congruent across 4 tests for positive and negative sera. C1 [Emery, Michelle P.; Ostlund, Eileen N.; McFarling, David; McGonigle, Luanne] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Ichou, Mohamed Ait; Ballin, Jeff D.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Ichou, Mohamed Ait; Ballin, Jeff D.] US Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Emery, MP (reprint author), Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM michelle.p.emery@aphis.usda.gov RI Ballin, Jeff/D-3752-2011 OI Ballin, Jeff/0000-0002-2712-130X NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1177/1040638713517233 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AB4WE UT WOS:000331789800019 PM 24532695 ER PT J AU Scott, JG Leichter, CA Rinkevich, FD Harris, SA Su, C Aberegg, LC Moon, R Geden, CJ Gerry, AC Taylor, DB Byford, RL Watson, W Johnson, G Boxler, D Zurek, L AF Scott, Jeffrey G. Leichter, Cheryl A. Rinkevich, Frank D. Harris, Sarah A. Su, Cathy Aberegg, Lauren C. Moon, Roger Geden, Christopher J. Gerry, Alec C. Taylor, David B. Byford, Ronnie L. Watson, Wes Johnson, Gregory Boxler, David Zurek, Ludek TI Insecticide resistance in house flies from the United States: Resistance levels and frequency of pyrethroid resistance alleles (vol 107, pg 377, 2013) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Scott, Jeffrey G.; Leichter, Cheryl A.; Rinkevich, Frank D.; Harris, Sarah A.; Su, Cathy; Aberegg, Lauren C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Geden, Christopher J.] USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Gerry, Alec C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Taylor, David B.] USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Byford, Ronnie L.] NMSU, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Watson, Wes] NCSU, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Moon, Roger] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Johnson, Gregory] Montana State Univ, Dept A&RS, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Boxler, David] UNL, West Cent Res & Extens Ctr, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Zurek, Ludek] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Scott, JG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM JGS5@CORNELL.EDU RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 108 BP 92 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.12.001 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA AC1NB UT WOS:000332262200014 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI A new species of Gadirtha Walker (Nolidae, Eligminae): a proposed biological control agent of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) (Euphorbiaceae) in the United States SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE China; Taxonomy; new species; biological control; larva; pupa AB Gadirtha fusca sp. n., is described from Guangxi Province, China. Gadirtha fusca differs in forewing color and pattern, male and female genitalia, and in larval pattern from all other species of Gadirtha. Gadirtha fusca has been evaluated as a potential biological control agent for Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small, Euphorbiaceae) in the southeastern United States. Adult, male and female genitalia, larva, and pupa are described, illustrated, and compared with Gadirtha impingens Walker. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2014 IS 382 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.3897/zookeys.382.6600 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AB8IH UT WOS:000332033100002 PM 24624017 ER PT J AU Thomson, JL Zoellner, JM Tussing-Humphreys, LM AF Thomson, Jessica L. Zoellner, Jamie M. Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa M. TI Psychosocial Predictors of Diet and Physical Activity in African-Americans: Results From the Delta Body and Soul Effectiveness Trial, 2010-2011 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE Psychosocial Constructs; Diet Quality; Dietary Intake; Physical Activity; AfricanAmerican; Rural Population; Prevention Research. Manuscript format research; Research; purpose: modeling/relationship testing; Study design: quasi-experimental; Outcome; measures: psychosocial-self-efficacy; social support; decisional balance-and behavioraldiet; and physical activity; Setting: southern churches; Health focus: nutrition; physical activity; Strategy: education; behavior change; Target population age: adults; Target population; circumstances: low income; geographic location; race ID ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SELF-EFFICACY; ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS; OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS; NUTRITION BEHAVIOR; VEGETABLE INTAKE; BLACK CHURCHES; OLDER WOMEN; MEDIATORS AB Purpose. To examine associations among psychosocial constructs of behavior change and postintervention changes in diet and physical activity (PA). Design. Quasi-experimental with cluster (church) treatment assignment. Setting. Churches (n = 8) in a rural, southern region of the United States. Subjects. A total of 403 African-American adults participating in the Delta Body and Soul study. Intervention. Six-month diet and PA intervention consisting of monthly didactic educational sessions with specific emphasis on increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and decreasing consumption of added sugars. Self-directed PA was promoted throughout the intervention. Measures. Validated surveys for all dietary, PA, and psychosocial measures. Analysis. Secondary analysis using generalized linear mixed models to test for significant intervention effects on psychosocial constructs and for significant associations between changes in psychosocial constructs and changes in diet and PA outcomes after controlling for covariates. Results. Intervention effects were apparent for several dietary psychosocial constructs (improvements ranging from.5 to 2.0 points), but only one PA construct (decisional balance for exercise). Changes in psychosocial constructs, including self-efficacy, social support, and decisional balance, were significant predictors of dietary outcome changes (model coefficients ranging from.03 to.42), but not PA changes. Conclusion. Understanding which psychosocial constructs predict improvements in dietary and PA behaviors helps inform theoretical mechanisms of action and identify social and behavioral processes to target in faith-based interventions. C1 [Thomson, Jessica L.] Louisiana State Univ, USDA ARS, Div Human Nutr & Food, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zoellner, Jamie M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa M.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Thomson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, USDA ARS, Div Human Nutr & Food, Sch Human Ecol, 284 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jessica.thomson@ars.usda.gov FU PHS HHS [6 U1KRH07411] NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER JOURNAL HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI TROY PA PO BOX 1254, TROY, MI 48099-1254 USA SN 0890-1171 EI 2168-6602 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP E81 EP E91 DI 10.4278/ajhp.120926-QUAN-472 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AB6JS UT WOS:000331894900003 PM 23941105 ER PT J AU Butler, BJ Hewes, JH Liknes, GC Nelson, MD Snyder, SA AF Butler, Brett J. Hewes, Jaketon H. Liknes, Greg C. Nelson, Mark D. Snyder, Stephanie A. TI A comparison of techniques for generating forest ownership spatial products SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Thiessen polygon; Multinomial logit; Classification tree; United States; Forest inventory and analysis; Protected areas database ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; DRIVING FORCES; WEIGHTED KAPPA; US SOUTH; INVENTORY; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB To fully understand forest resources, it is imperative to understand the social context in which the forests exist. A pivotal part of that context is the forest ownership. It is the owners, operating within biophysical and social constraints, who ultimately decide if the land will remain forested, how the resources will be used, and by whom. Forest ownership patterns vary substantially across the United States. These distributions are traditionally represented with tabular statistics that fail to capture the spatial patterns of ownership. Existing spatial products are not sufficient for many strategic-level planning needs because they are not electronically available for large areas (e.g., parcels maps) or do not provide detailed ownership categories (e.g., only depict private versus public ownership). Thiessen polygon, multinomial logit, and classification tree methods were tested for producing a forest ownership spatial dataset across four states with divergent ownership patterns: Alabama, Arizona, Michigan, and Oregon. Over 17,000 sample points with classified forest ownership, collected as part of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, were divided into two datasets, one used as the dependent variable across all of the models and 10 percent of the points were retained for validation across the models. Additional model inputs included a polygon coverage of public lands from the Conservation Biology Institute's Protected Areas Database (PAD) and data representing human population pressures, road densities, forest characteristics, land cover, and other attributes. The Thiessen polygon approach predicted ownership patterns based on proximity to the sample points in the model dataset and subsequent combining with the PAD ownership data layer. The multinomial logit and classification tree approaches predicted the ownership at the validation points based on the PAD ownership information and data representing human population, road, forest, land cover, and other attributes. The percentage of validation points across the four states correctly predicted ranged from 76.3 to 78.9 among the methods with corresponding weighted kappa values ranging from 0.73 to 0.76. Different methods performed slightly, but statistically significantly, better in different states Overall, the Thiessen polygon method was deemed preferable because: it has a lower bias towards dominant ownership categories; requires fewer inputs; and is simpler to implement. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hewes, Jaketon H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Amherst Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Liknes, Greg C.; Nelson, Mark D.; Snyder, Stephanie A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Butler, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bbutler01@fs.fed.us; jhewes@eco.umass.edu; gliknes@fs.fed.us; mdnelson@fs.fed.us; stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 46 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.09.020 PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA AB7SS UT WOS:000331991600003 ER PT J AU Parks, SA Miller, C Nelson, CR Holden, ZA AF Parks, Sean A. Miller, Carol Nelson, Cara R. Holden, Zachary A. TI Previous Fires Moderate Burn Severity of Subsequent Wildland Fires in Two Large Western US Wilderness Areas SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE burn severity; dNBR; fire history; interacting fires; reburn; wilderness; wildland fire use ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE AB Wildland fire is an important natural process in many ecosystems. However, fire exclusion has reduced frequency of fire and area burned in many dry forest types, which may affect vegetation structure and composition, and potential fire behavior. In forests of the western U.S., these effects pose a challenge for fire and land managers who seek to restore the ecological process of fire to ecosystems. Recent research suggests that landscapes with unaltered fire regimes are more "self-regulating" than those that have experienced fire-regime shifts; in self-regulating systems, fire size and severity are moderated by the effect of previous fire. To determine if burn severity is moderated in areas that recently burned, we analyzed 117 wildland fires in 2 wilderness areas in the western U.S. that have experienced substantial recent fire activity. Burn severity was measured using a Landsat satellite-based metric at a 30-m resolution. We evaluated (1) whether pixels that burned at least twice since 1984 experienced lower burn severity than pixels that burned once, (2) the relationship between burn severity and fire history, pre-fire vegetation, and topography, and (3) how the moderating effect of a previous fire decays with time. Results show burn severity is significantly lower in areas that have recently burned compared to areas that have not. This effect is still evident at around 22 years between wildland fire events. Results further indicate that burn severity generally increases with time since and severity of previous wildfire. These findings may assist land managers to anticipate the consequences of allowing fires to burn and provide rationale for using wildfire as a "fuel treatment". C1 [Parks, Sean A.; Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Parks, Sean A.; Nelson, Cara R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Holden, Zachary A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Parks, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM sean_parks@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 12-1-03-19]; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station's National Fire Plan research project on "Fire management strategies for Wilderness and other protected wildlands" FX We thank S. Dobrowski, R. Hutto, R. Keane, and A. Larson for their thoughtful comments that significantly improved this manuscript. We also thank L. Baggett and D. Turner for statistical advice. Funding was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station's National Fire Plan research project on "Fire management strategies for Wilderness and other protected wildlands" and the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP 12-1-03-19. NR 78 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9704-x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7WP UT WOS:000332002000003 ER PT J AU Gibson, J Moisen, G Frescino, T Edwards, TC AF Gibson, Jacob Moisen, Gretchen Frescino, Tracey Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. TI Using Publicly Available Forest Inventory Data in Climate-Based Models of Tree Species Distribution: Examining Effects of True Versus Altered Location Coordinates SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forest inventory and analysis; "fuzzswap" plot coordinates; perturbed coordinates; species distribution models; junipers; pinon pine ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PLOT LOCATIONS; UNITED-STATES; PINUS-EDULIS; PINYON PINE; CLASSIFICATION; ECOLOGY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; WOODLANDS AB Species distribution models (SDMs) were built with US Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) publicly available plot coordinates, which are altered for plot security purposes, and compared with SDMs built with true plot coordinates. Six species endemic to the western US, including four junipers (Juniperus deppeana var. deppeana, J. monosperma, J. occidentalis, J. osteosperma) and two pinons (Pinus edulis, P. monophylla), were analyzed. The presence-absence models based on current climatic variables were generated over a series of species-specific modeling extents using Random Forests and applied to forecast climatic conditions. The distributions of predictor variables sampled with public coordinates were compared to those sampled with true coordinates using t tests with a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Public- and true-based models were compared using metrics of classification accuracy. The modeled current and forecast distributions were compared in terms of their overall areal agreement and their geographic mean centroids. Comparison of the underlying distributions of predictor variables sampled with true versus public coordinates did not indicate a significant difference for any species at any extent. Both the public- and true-based models had comparable classification accuracies across extent for each species, with the exception of one species, J. occidentalis. True-based models produced geographic distributions with smaller areas under current and future scenarios. The greatest areal difference occurred in the species with the lowest modeled accuracies (J. occidentalis), and had a forecast distribution which diverged severely. The other species had forecast distributions with similar magnitudes of modeled distribution shifts. C1 [Gibson, Jacob] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gibson, Jacob] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Moisen, Gretchen; Frescino, Tracey] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Gibson, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM j.gibson@aggiemail.usu.edu FU US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program FX We thank J. DeRose, T. Sharik, and J. MacMahon for their reviews of this and earlier drafts. Funding for this research was provided to Edwards and Gibson by the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. Mention of any product by name does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or the Federal Government. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9703-y PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7WP UT WOS:000332002000004 ER PT J AU Hanberry, BB Kabrick, JM He, HS AF Hanberry, Brice B. Kabrick, John M. He, Hong S. TI Densification and State Transition Across the Missouri Ozarks Landscape SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE alternative stable state; eastern redcedar; encroachment; facilitation; fire suppression; juniper; mesophication; presettlement; regime shift ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST STRUCTURE; AFRICAN SAVANNA; FIRE HISTORY; LAND-USE; USA; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; CONSEQUENCES AB World-wide, some biomes are densifying, or increasing in dense woody vegetation, and shifting to alternative stable states. We quantified densification and state transition between forests ecosystems in historical (ca. 1815-1850) and current (2004-2008) surveys of the Missouri Ozark Highlands, a 5-million ha landscape in southern Missouri, USA. To estimate density of historical forests, we used the Morisita plotless density estimator and applied corrections for surveyor bias. For contemporary forests, we used known densities at plots to predict continuous densities with random forests, an ensemble regression tree method. We also calculated basal area and percent stocking to determine changes in wood volume. Historical forests had densities ranging from about 75 to 320 trees/ha. Current forest densities were about 2.3 times greater and more uniform, at about 300-400 trees/ha (DBH >= 12.7 cm). Not all forests have increased in basal area and percent stocking because trees in contemporary forests are smaller in diameter than historical forests. Although oak species still are dominant (as defined by >= 10% composition), oak dominance is being replaced by many fire-sensitive species, of which only eastern redcedar and maples have become dominant. Densification and community changes in functional traits have produced a state transition from open oak forest ecosystems to predominantly closed eastern broadleaf forests in the Missouri Ozarks. This shift is not at equilibrium, as fire-sensitive species are continuing to increase and turnover in long-lived oaks is slow. C1 [Hanberry, Brice B.; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kabrick, John M.] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hanberry, BB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 203 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hanberryb@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; National Fire Plan FX Funding for this study came from the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station and the National Fire Plan. We thank anonymous reviewers, T. Hutchinson, and M. Thomas-Van Gundy for comments and B. Palik for supporting this research. NR 77 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 66 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9707-7 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7WP UT WOS:000332002000006 ER PT J AU Powell, SL Cohen, WB Kennedy, RE Healey, SP Huang, CQ AF Powell, Scott L. Cohen, Warren B. Kennedy, Robert E. Healey, Sean P. Huang, Chengquan TI Observation of Trends in Biomass Loss as a Result of Disturbance in the Conterminous US: 1986-2004 SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biomass; carbon; disturbance; Landsat; time series; LandTrendr; FIA ID NORTHWEST FOREST PLAN; UNITED-STATES; LANDSAT DATA; CARBON SINK; HARVEST; CONSEQUENCES; PATTERNS; WILDFIRE; IMAGERY; HEIGHT AB The critical role of forests in the global carbon cycle is well known, but significant uncertainties remain about the specific role of disturbance, in part because of the challenge of incorporating spatial and temporal detail in the characterization of disturbance processes. In this study, we link forest inventory data to remote sensing data to derive estimates of pre- and post-disturbance biomass, and then use near-annual remote sensing observations of forest disturbance to characterize biomass loss associated with disturbance across the conterminous U.S. between 1986 and 2004. Nationally, year-to-year variability in the amount of live aboveground carbon lost as a result of disturbance ranged from a low of 61 T-g C (+/- 16) in 1991 to a high of 84 T-g C (+/- 33) in 2003. Eastern and western forest strata were relatively balanced in terms of their proportional contribution to national-level trends, despite eastern forests having more than twice the area of western forests. In the eastern forest stratum, annual biomass loss tracked closely with the area of disturbance, whereas in the western forest stratum, annual biomass loss showed more year-to-year variability that did not directly correspond to the area of disturbance, suggesting that the biomass density of forests affected by disturbance in the west was more spatially and temporally variable. Eastern and western forest strata exhibited somewhat opposing trends in biomass loss, potentially corresponding to the implementation of the Northwest Forest Plan in the mid 1990s that resulted in a shift of timber harvesting from public lands in the northwest to private lands in the south. Overall, these observations document modest increases in disturbance rates and associated carbon consequences over the 18-year period. These changes are likely not significant enough to weaken a growing forest carbon sink in the conterminous U.S. based largely on increased forest growth rates and biomass densities. C1 [Powell, Scott L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kennedy, Robert E.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Healey, Sean P.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Powell, SL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM spowell@montana.edu OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 FU NASAs Terrestrial Ecology Program FX We would like to thank NASAs Terrestrial Ecology Program for funding this study. We would also like to thank a number of team members and collaborators for overall project management, guidance, and support. Specifically, Sam Goward, Nancy Thomas, and Karen Schleeweis of the University of Maryland; Jeff Masek and Jim Collatz of NASA Goddard, and Gretchen Moisen of the Rocky Mountain Research Station. A special thanks to Elizabeth LaPointe of the USDA Forest Service FIA National Spatial Data Services for all of her help with the FIA data. Thanks also to Maureen Duane and Yang Zhiqiang at Oregon State University for their assistance and support. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 142 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9713-9 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7WP UT WOS:000332002000011 ER PT J AU Torresan, C Strunk, J Zald, HSJ Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB AF Torresan, Chiara L. Strunk, Jacob Zald, Harold S. J. Yang Zhiqiang Cohen, Warren B. TI Comparing statistical techniques to classify the structure of mountain forest stands using CHM-derived metrics in Trento province (Italy) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE forest structure; lidar; linear discriminant analysis; random forests; k-nearest neighbour imputation; parametric regression ID LASER SCANNER DATA; CLASSIFICATION TREES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BASAL AREA; INVENTORY; INDEX AB In some cases a canopy height model (CHM) is the only available source of forest height information. For these cases it is important to understand the predictive power of CHM data for forest attributes. In this study we examined the use of lidar-derived CHM metrics to predict forest structure classes according to the amount of basal area present in understory, midstory, and overstory trees. We evaluated two approaches to predict size-based forest classifications: in the first, we attempted supervised classification with both linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF); in the second, we predicted basal areas of lower, mid, and upper canopy trees from CHM-derived variables by k-nearest neighbour imputation (k-NN) and parametric regression, and then classified observations based on their predicted basal areas. We used leave-one-out cross-validation to evaluate our ability to predict forest structure classes from CHM data and in the case of prediction-based classification approach we look at the performances in predicting basal area. The strategies proved moderately successful with a best overall classification accuracy of 41% in the case of LDA. In general, we were most successful in predicting the basal areas of small and large trees (R-2 respectively of 71% and 69% in the case of k-NN imputation). C1 [Torresan, Chiara L.] Univ Tuscia, Dept Innovat Biol Agrofood & Forest Syst, Viterbo, Italy. [Strunk, Jacob] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zald, Harold S. J.; Yang Zhiqiang; Cohen, Warren B.] USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. RP Torresan, C (reprint author), Univ Tuscia, Dept Innovat Biol Agrofood & Forest Syst, Viterbo, Italy. EM chiara.torresan@entecra.it NR 44 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC ITALIANA TELERILEVAMENTO PI FIRENZE PA UNIV DEGLI STUDI FIRENZE, DIPT SCI TERRA, VIA JACOPO NARDI, FIRENZE, 50132, ITALY SN 2279-7254 J9 EUR J REMOTE SENS JI Eur. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 47 BP 75 EP 94 DI 10.5721/EuJRS20144706 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AB5BY UT WOS:000331805100006 ER PT J AU Zhang, DH Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH AF Zhang, Dunhua Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Vaccination of channel catfish with extracellular products of Aeromonas hydrophila provides protection against infection by the pathogen SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas hydrophila; Extracellular products; Vaccination; Agglutination; Passive immunization ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE; INDIAN MAJOR CARPS; INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RAINBOW-TROUT; POTENTIAL USE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION AB Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the economically-important pathogens in modern aquaculture. Among various traits, extracellular products (ECP) secreted by the bacterium are considered to be essential factors for virulence. Whether vaccination with the ECP could produce immune protection in catfish against the pathogen was determined in this study. The results showed that fish vaccinated with ECP had 100% of relative percent survival (RPS) when challenged with the pathogen two weeks post vaccination. The anti-ECP serum from vaccinated fish could aggregate cells of homogeneous bacteria as well as other virulent strains (isolates) of A. hydrophila but not an A. veronii isolate and a low virulent field isolate. The agglutination titers increased from two weeks to four weeks post immunization and sustained a high level at week seven when the RPS remained at 100%. The anti-ECP serum could also provide naive fish with immediate protection against A. hydrophila as evidenced by passive immunization. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the anti-ECP serum contained antibodies that bound to specific targets, including protein and lipopolysaccharide-like molecules, in the ECP. Mass spectrometric analysis identified following putative proteins that may serve as important immunogens: chitinase, chitodextrinase, outer membrane protein85, putative metalloprotease, extracellular lipase, hemolysin and elastase. Findings revealed in this study suggest that, while ECP prepared in a conventional and convenient way could be a vaccine candidate, further characterization of antibody-mediated targets in the ECP would uncover quintessential antigens for the future development of highly efficacious vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Dunhua; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Zhang, DH (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dunhua.zhang@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs. Perng-Kuang Chang and Victor Panangala for critical review of this manuscript, and Mrs. Ning Qin and Beth Peterman for their technical support. This study was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 36 IS 1 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.015 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA AB3DN UT WOS:000331671600032 PM 24321514 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JC Tarhule, A Brauer, D AF Goldstein, Justin C. Tarhule, Aondover Brauer, David TI Simulating the hydrologic response of a semiarid watershed to switchgrass cultivation SO HYDROLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biofuels; great plains; land use change; semiarid regions; Soil and Water Assessment Tool; switchgrass ID ASSESSMENT-TOOL SWAT; US HIGH-PLAINS; LAND-USE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; BIOENERGY CROP; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAOHAHE BASIN; RUNOFF; IMPACTS; CHINA AB The conversion of land from existing uses to biofuel cultivation is expected to increase given concerns about the sustainability of fossil fuel supplies. Nonetheless, research into the environmental impacts of biofuel crops, primarily the hydrological impacts of their cultivation, is in its infancy. To investigate such issues, the response of a 1,649 km(2) semiarid basin to the incremental substitution of the widely discussed biofuel candidate switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for native land uses was modeled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Median discharges decreased by 5.6-20.6% during the spring and by 6.4-31.2% during the summer, depending on the quantity of acreage converted. These were driven by an increased spring and summer evapotranspiration of 3.4-32.0% and 1.5-18.9%, respectively, depending on the quantity of switchgrass biomass produced. The substitution of switchgrass also resulted in larger quantities of water stress days than in baseline scenarios. The authors encourage the exploration of alternative biofuel crops in semiarid areas to mitigate such negative impacts. C1 [Goldstein, Justin C.; Tarhule, Aondover] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Brauer, David] USDA ARS, Ogallala Aquifer Program, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Goldstein, JC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, 100 E Boyd St,SEC Suite 510, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Justin.C.Goldstein-1@ou.edu RI Goldstein, Justin/J-6880-2012 OI Goldstein, Justin/0000-0001-5414-9589 FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; ARS-USDA; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife/TAMU; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX David Brauer receives financial support from the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a research and education consortium consisting of ARS-USDA, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife/TAMU, Texas Tech University and West Texas A&M University. Additionally, the authors express their gratitude to Dr Raghavan Srinivasan (Texas A&M University) for his insights into the SWAT model. Finally, the authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments which improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1998-9563 EI 2224-7955 J9 HYDROL RES JI Hydrol. Res. PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.2166/nh.2013.163 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AB2IA UT WOS:000331615200008 ER PT J AU Park, T AF Park, Timothy TI Food Demand, Diet and Health-The Role Played by Managers of Agribusinesses INTRODUCTION SO INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ERS, FED, Food Markets Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Park, T (reprint author), USDA, ERS, FED, Food Markets Branch, 1400 Independence Ave,SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM tapark@ers.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT REVIEW PI COLLEGE STATION PA 333 BLOCKER BUILDING, 2124 TAMU, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-2124 USA SN 1559-2448 J9 INT FOOD AGRIBUS MAN JI Int. Food Agribus. Manag. Rev. PY 2014 VL 17 IS A SI SI BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA AB7VD UT WOS:000331998100001 ER PT J AU Wilde, P Llobrera, J Ploeg, MV AF Wilde, Parke Llobrera, Joseph Ploeg, Michele Ver TI Population Density, Poverty, and Food Retail Access in the United States: An Empirical Approach SO INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE food retail; food access; food deserts; poverty; community food security ID COMPETITION; MARKETS; OBESITY; VIEW AB This article uses a random sample of census block groups to describe the adequacy of the local food retail environment in the continental United States. It builds upon simple empirical relationships between population density, poverty rates, vehicle access, and proximity to the nearest supermarket. In contrast with the conventional wisdom, the results show that high-poverty block groups had closer proximity to the nearest supermarket than other block groups did, on average: 85.6% of high-poverty block groups had a supermarket within 1 mile, while 76.8% of lower-poverty block groups had a supermarket within this distance. Population density is a strong predictor of proximity to the nearest supermarket. Block groups with very high population density generally had very close proximity to a nearest supermarket. In block groups lacking a nearby supermarket, rates of automobile access generally were quite high (more than 95%), although this still leaves almost 5% of the population in these areas lacking both an automobile and a nearby supermarket. C1 [Wilde, Parke; Llobrera, Joseph] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ploeg, Michele Ver] USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Wilde, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM parke.wilde@tufts.edu; joseph.llobrera@tufts.edu; sverploeg@ers.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU INT FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT REVIEW PI COLLEGE STATION PA 333 BLOCKER BUILDING, 2124 TAMU, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-2124 USA SN 1559-2448 J9 INT FOOD AGRIBUS MAN JI Int. Food Agribus. Manag. Rev. PY 2014 VL 17 IS A SI SI BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA AB7VD UT WOS:000331998100010 ER PT J AU Rowan, S Weikel, K Chang, ML Nagel, BA Thinschmidt, JS Carey, A Grant, MB Fliesler, SJ Smith, D Taylor, A AF Rowan, Sheldon Weikel, Karen Chang, Min-Lee Nagel, Barbara A. Thinschmidt, Jeffrey S. Carey, Amanda Grant, Maria B. Fliesler, Steven J. Smith, Donald Taylor, Allen TI Cfh Genotype Interacts With Dietary Glycemic Index to Modulate Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Like Features in Mice SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glycemic index; complement; gene-diet interaction; inflammation; aging ID COMPLEMENT FACTOR-H; HIGH-FAT DIET; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; EYE DISEASE; MODEL; RISK; POLYMORPHISM; ACTIVATION; INCREASES AB PURPOSE. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Genetics and diet contribute to the relative risk for developing AMD, but their interactions are poorly understood. Genetic variations in Complement Factor H (CFH), and dietary glycemic index (GI) are major risk factors for AMD. We explored the effects of GI on development of early AMD-like features and changes to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in Cfh-null mice. METHODS. Aged 11-week-old wild type (WT) C57Bl/6J or Cfh-null mice were group pair-fed high or low GI diets for 33 weeks. At 10 months of age, mice were evaluated for early AMD-like features in the neural retina and RPE by light and electron microscopy. Brains were analyzed for Iba1 macrophage/microglia immunostaining, an indicator of inflammation. RESULTS. The 10-month-old WT mice showed no retinal abnormalities on either diet. The Cfh-null mice, however, showed distinct early AMD-like features in the RPE when fed a low GI diet, including vacuolation, disruption of basal infoldings, and increased basal laminar deposits. The Cfh-null mice also showed thinning of the RPE, hypopigmentation, and increased numbers of Iba1-expressing macrophages in the brain, irrespective of diet. CONCLUSIONS. The presence of early AMD-like features by 10 months of age in Cfh-null mice fed a low GI diet is surprising, given the apparent protection from the development of such features in aged WT mice or humans consuming lower GI diets. Our findings highlight the need to consider gene-diet interactions when developing animal models and therapeutic approaches to treat AMD. C1 [Rowan, Sheldon; Weikel, Karen; Chang, Min-Lee; Carey, Amanda; Smith, Donald; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Nagel, Barbara A.] St Louis Univ, Dept Pathol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Thinschmidt, Jeffrey S.; Grant, Maria B.] Univ Florida, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL USA. [Fliesler, Steven J.] Vet Adm Western New York Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, Buffalo, NY USA. [Fliesler, Steven J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ophthalmol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fliesler, Steven J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Fliesler, Steven J.] SUNY Eye Inst, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM taylor@tufts.edu FU HNRCA [NEI RO1 EY021212, NEI RO1 EY13250, NEI EY007361]; USDA [1950-510000-060-01A]; Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving; Alcon Laboratories; RPB Unrestricted Grant; Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System (SJF) FX Supported by intramural funds from the HNRCA (AT); by NEI RO1 EY021212 (AT), NEI RO1 EY13250 (AT), NEI EY007361 (SJF), USDA 1950-510000-060-01A (AT), Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving (AT); an unrestricted gift from Alcon Laboratories (Elkridge, MD; AT), an RPB Unrestricted Grant (SJF), and by facilities and resources provided by the Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System (SJF). The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1167/iovs.13-12413 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA AB6DG UT WOS:000331877200058 PM 24370827 ER PT J AU Meyers, KJ Mares, JA Igo, RP Truitt, B Liu, Z Millen, AE Klein, M Johnson, EJ Engelman, CD Karki, CK Blodi, B Gehrs, K Tinker, L Wallace, R Robinson, J LeBlanc, ES Sarto, G Bernstein, PS SanGiovanni, JP Iyengar, SK AF Meyers, Kristin J. Mares, Julie A. Igo, Robert P., Jr. Truitt, Barbara Liu, Zhe Millen, Amy E. Klein, Michael Johnson, Elizabeth J. Engelman, Corinne D. Karki, Chitra K. Blodi, Barbara Gehrs, Karen Tinker, Lesley Wallace, Robert Robinson, Jennifer LeBlanc, Erin S. Sarto, Gloria Bernstein, Paul S. SanGiovanni, John Paul Iyengar, Sudha K. TI Genetic Evidence for Role of Carotenoids in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS) SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE macular degeneration; carotenoids; genes ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; PIGMENT OPTICAL-DENSITY; RECEPTOR CLASS-B; BETA-CAROTENE; LUTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION; HUMAN RETINA; VITAMIN-A; SR-BI AB PURPOSE. We tested variants in genes related to lutein and zeaxanthin status for association with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS). METHODS. Of 2005 CAREDS participants, 1663 were graded for AMD from fundus photography and genotyped for 424 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 24 candidate genes for carotenoid status. Of 337 AMD cases 91% had early or intermediate AMD. The SNPs were tested individually for association with AMD using logistic regression. A carotenoid-related genetic risk model was built using backward selection and compared to existing AMD risk factors using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS. A total of 24 variants from five genes (BCMO1, BCO2, NPCL1L1, ABCG8, and FADS2) not previously related to AMD and four genes related to AMD in previous studies (SCARB1, ABCA1, APOE, and ALDH3A2) were associated independently with AMD, after adjusting for age and ancestry. Variants in all genes (not always the identical SNPs) were associated with lutein and zeaxanthin in serum and/or macula, in this or other samples, except for BCO2 and FADS2. A genetic risk score including nine variants significantly (P = 0.002) discriminated between AMD cases and controls beyond age, smoking, CFH Y402H, and ARMS2 A69S. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for AMD among women in the highest versus lowest quintile for the risk score was 3.1 (2.0-4.9). CONCLUSIONS. Variants in genes related to lutein and zeaxanthin status were associated with AMD in CAREDS, adding to the body of evidence supporting a protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in risk of AMD. C1 [Meyers, Kristin J.; Mares, Julie A.; Liu, Zhe; Karki, Chitra K.; Blodi, Barbara] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, McPherson Eye Res Inst, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Igo, Robert P., Jr.; Truitt, Barbara; Iyengar, Sudha K.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Millen, Amy E.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Klein, Michael] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Engelman, Corinne D.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gehrs, Karen] Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. [Tinker, Lesley] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Dept Canc Prevent Res Program, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Wallace, Robert; Robinson, Jennifer] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Robinson, Jennifer] Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [LeBlanc, Erin S.] Kaiser Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Sarto, Gloria] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Bernstein, Paul S.] Univ Utah Hlth Care, Moran Eye Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [SanGiovanni, John Paul] NEI, NIH, Clin Trials Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mares, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 610 N Walnut St,1063 WARF, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jmarespe@wisc.edu FU National Institutes of Health, National Eye Institute [EY013018, EY016886]; Retina Research Foundation and Research; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01 WH22110, 24152, 32100-2, 32105-6, 32108-9, 32111-13, 32115, 32118-32119, 32122, 42107-26, 42129-32, 44221]; Women's Health Initiative FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Eye Institute (Grants EY013018, EY016886), the Retina Research Foundation and Research to Prevent Blindness (CAREDS Study), and by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Contracts N01 WH22110, 24152, 32100-2, 32105-6, 32108-9, 32111-13, 32115, 32118-32119, 32122, 42107-26, 42129-32, and 44221; The Women's Health Initiative, to which CAREDS is ancillary). NR 119 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 22 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 587 EP 599 DI 10.1167/iovs.13-13216 PG 13 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA AB6DG UT WOS:000331877200069 PM 24346170 ER PT J AU Westra, EP Shaner, DL Westra, PH Chapman, PL AF Westra, Eric P. Shaner, Dale L. Westra, Philip H. Chapman, Phillip L. TI Dissipation and Leaching of Pyroxasulfone and S-Metolachlor SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dissipation; mobility; irrigation ID ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; SURFACE WATERS; FIELD SOIL; DEGRADATION; PERSISTENCE; ADSORPTION; MOBILITY; ATRAZINE AB Pyroxasulfone dissipation and mobility in the soil was evaluated and compared to S-metolachlor in 2009 and 2010 at two field sites in northern Colorado, on a Nunn fine clay loam, and Olney fine sandy loam soil. Pyroxasulfone dissipation half-life (DT50) values varied from 47 to 134 d, and those of S-metolachlor ranged from 39 to 63 d. Between years, herbicide DT50 values were similar under the Nunn fine clay loam soil. Under the Olney fine sandy loam soil, dissipation in 2009 was minimal under dry soil conditions. In 2010, under the Olney fine sandy loam soil, S-metolachlor and pyroxasulfone had half-lives of 39 and 47 d, respectively, but dissipation rates appeared to be influenced by movement of herbicides below 30 cm. Herbicide mobility was dependent on site-year conditions, in all site-years pyroxasulfone moved further downward in the soil profile compared to S-metolachlor. C1 [Westra, Eric P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Westra, EP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM epwestra@rams.colostate.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1614/WT-D-13-00047.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AB6HM UT WOS:000331888200008 ER PT J AU Odero, DC Shaner, DL AF Odero, Dennis C. Shaner, Dale L. TI Dissipation of Pendimethalin in Organic Soils in Florida SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Field dissipation; organic soil ID JOHNSONGRASS SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES; SUGARCANE SACCHARUM; PERSISTENCE; DEGRADATION; PREEMERGENCE; HYBRIDS; SURFACE AB Understanding the persistence of PRE-applied pendimethalin is important in determining timing of subsequent weed management programs in sugarcane on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Dissipation of oil-and water-based pendimethalin formulations applied PRE at 2, 4, and 8 kg ai ha(-1) were compared in 2011 and 2012 on organic soils in the EAA. The rate of dissipation of both formulations was very similar. Both formulations had an initial rapid rate of dissipation followed by a slower rate of dissipation. However, the initial amount of pendimethalin in the soil was higher with the water-based compared to the oil-based formulation, most likely because of the lower volatility of the water-based formulation. The half-lives (DT(50)s) of the oil-based formulation were 32, 18, and 10 d and 8, 8, and 12 d at 2, 4, and 8 kg ha(-1), respectively, in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The DT(50)s of the water-based formulation were 20, 13, and 10 d and 12, 12, and 14 d at 2, 4, and 8 kg ha(-1), respectively in 2011 and 2012, respectively. These DT50 values were attributed to low soil water content as well as the absence of incorporation following application. Our results suggest that dissipation of pendimethalin is rapid on organic soils irrespective of the formulation when applied under dry soil conditions with no incorporation into the soil. C1 [Odero, Dennis C.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Odero, DC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM dcodero@ufl.edu FU Florida Sugarcane League Inc. FX This project was funded by the Florida Sugarcane League Inc. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1614/WT-D-13-00096.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AB6HM UT WOS:000331888200009 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Peel, MD Ransom, CV AF Nelson, Ryan L. Peel, Michael D. Ransom, Corey V. TI Small Burnet Response to Spring and Fall Postemergence Herbicide Applications SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Field trial; herbicide injury; seed production; seed viability; small burnet; tolerance AB Small burnet is a hardy, relatively long-lived evergreen forb with the potential to improve grazing lands, particularly to extend grazing into late fall and winter. Small burnet was evaluated for tolerance to spring and fall POST applications of aminopyralid, bromoxynil, clethodim, clopyralid, dicamba, dimethenamid-P, imazamox, metribuzin, pendimethalin, quinclorac, and 2,4-DB. Injury, seed yield, seed viability, and dry matter yield (DMY) were measured in the spring following application. Injury was observed in response to all spring and fall herbicide applications. Injury from aminopyralid was the highest for both spring and fall applications at 24 and 79%, respectively. Fall application of imazamox and dicamba resulted in 57 and 31% injury, respectively. Spring-applied aminopyralid and 2,4-DB both reduced DMY by 16%, whereas fall applications of imazamox, dicamba, and aminopyralid reduced DMY by 36, 12, and 67%, respectively. Fall applications of imazamox and aminopyralid reduced seed yield by 33 and 65%, respectively. Fall-applied aminopyralid reduced seed germination by 43%. None of the spring-applied herbicides affected seed yield or seed germination. Small burnet is severely injured by aminopyralid and to a lesser degree by imazamox and dicamba. Bromoxynil, clethodim, clopyralid, dimethenamid-P, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and quinclorac did not affect small burnet DMY, seed yield, or germination the year after application. C1 [Nelson, Ryan L.; Ransom, Corey V.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plant Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Peel, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, FRRL, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peel, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, FRRL, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mike.peel@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1614/WT-D-13-00045.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AB6HM UT WOS:000331888200018 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Ray, JN Davis, JW AF Johnson, W. Carroll, III Ray, James N. Davis, Jerry W. TI Rolled Cotton Mulch as an Alternative Mulching Material for Transplanted Cucurbit Crops SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodegradable mulch; cantaloupe; cotton gin trash; watermelon ID NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; WEED-CONTROL; GIN TRASH; PAPER; ROTUNDUS AB Cantaloupe and watermelon growers in the southeastern United States use a system of hybrid transplants grown on narrow low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch-covered seedbeds with overhead irrigation and use the mulch cover for only one crop. LDPE mulches are costly to remove from the field and dispose. Biodegradable mulches that eliminate removal and disposal costs would be of significant benefit, provided that weeds are adequately suppressed. Cotton gin trash is a biodegradable waste product, composed of fiber fragments and seed pieces. Using a proprietary process, cotton gin trash can be chopped, pressed, and heated into a loose mat and stored on a continuous roll. Preliminary studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to determine if rolled cotton fiber mulch made from gin trash could be applied as a seedbed cover using conventional application equipment and adequately suppress weeds. Mulching materials (rolls 91 cm wide) were applied with a mulch layer that produced a finished seedbed 40 cm wide. 'Athena' cantaloupe and 'Crimson Sweet' watermelon were transplanted using a waterwheel transplanter. Mulching materials included rolled cotton fiber mulch sprayed with boiled linseed oil after mulch application, rolled cotton fiber mulch sprayed with black latex paint, black LDPE, and bare ground. Herbicide treatments included ethalfluralin, halosulfuron, and glyphosate applied as directed spray and nontreated with herbicides. Rolled cotton fiber mulch was easily applied with a conventional mulch layer with no modification and minimal adjustment, producing no tears or holes. Biodegradable cotton fiber mulch treated with boiled linseed oil or black latex paint suppressed weeds equally well as LDPE and all were better than bare-ground plots. Herbicides improved control of all weeds over the nontreated control and this effect was independent of weed suppression provided by seedbed mulches. Cantaloupe and watermelon yields were not affected by seedbed mulches, but were increased by weed control provided by herbicides. C1 [Johnson, W. Carroll, III] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. AG Biotech LLC, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton Campus,POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Carroll.Johnson@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1614/WT-D-13-00074.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AB6HM UT WOS:000331888200030 ER PT J AU Zhen, C Finkelstein, EA Nonnemaker, JM Karns, SA Todd, JE AF Zhen, Chen Finkelstein, Eric A. Nonnemaker, James M. Karns, Shawn A. Todd, Jessica E. TI Predicting the Effects of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes on Food and Beverage Demand in a Large Demand System SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE obesity; sugar-sweetened beverage tax; censored demand; price endogeneity; D12; D61; H20 ID UNITED-STATES; CONSUMER DEMAND; WEIGHT OUTCOMES; OBESITY; CONSEQUENCES; CONSTRAINTS; CONSUMPTION; COMMODITY; HOMESCAN; QUALITY AB A censored Exact Affine Stone Index incomplete demand system is estimated for 23 packaged foods and beverages and a numeraire good. Instrumental variables are used to control for endogenous prices. A half-cent per ounce increase in sugar-sweetened beverage prices is predicted to reduce total calories from the 23 foods and beverages but increase sodium and fat intakes as a result of product substitution. The predicted decline in calories is larger for low-income households than for high-income households, although welfare loss is also higher for low-income households. Neglecting price endogeneity or estimating a conditional demand model significantly overestimates the calorie reduction. C1 [Zhen, Chen; Nonnemaker, James M.; Karns, Shawn A.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Finkelstein, Eric A.] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Hlth Serv & Syst Program, Singapore, Singapore. [Finkelstein, Eric A.] Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Todd, Jessica E.] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhen, C (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM czhen@rti.org FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Healthy Eating Research [65062]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health [1R21HL108121] FX Chen Zhen and James Nonnemaker are research economists and Shawn Karns is an analyst at Research Triangle Institute, NC. Eric Finkelstein is a professor in Health Services and Systems Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC. Jessica Todd is an economist at the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS). We are grateful for constructive suggestions and detailed comments from two anonymous reviewers and the journal's editor, Brian Roe. We thank ERS for access to the Homescan data; Melanie Ball, Jeremy Bray, and Matthew Farrelly for the C2ER data; and David Chrest and Kibri Everett for GIS analyses. The views expressed here are those of the authors and cannot be attributed to ERS or USDA. Grants support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Healthy Eating Research (65062) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health (1R21HL108121) is gratefully acknowledged. Any errors are our own. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1093/ajae/aat049 PG 25 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AA1CE UT WOS:000330833100001 PM 24839299 ER PT J AU Chen, X Goodwin, BK Prestemon, JP AF Chen, Xuan Goodwin, Barry K. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. TI Is Timber Insurable? A Study of Wildfire Risks in the U.S. Forest Sector Using Spatio-Temporal Models SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE wildfire; index insurance; spatio-temporal correlation; G22; Q23 ID PREVENTION; CRIME AB In the U.S. forest products industry, wildfire is one of the leading causes of damage and economic losses. While individual wildfire behavior is well studied, new literature is emerging on broad-scale (e.g., county-level) wildfire risks. Our paper studies wildfire risks using crucial informational variables across both spatial units and time periods. Several statistical models are used to quantify the risks. We develop several maximum likelihood estimation methods to account for spatio-temporal auto-correlation in conditional risks. A group index insurance scheme is proposed, and its associated actuarially fair premium rates are estimated and presented. Implications for wildfire management policies are also discussed. C1 [Chen, Xuan] Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Goodwin, Barry K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM xuan.chen@maine.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 96 IS 1 BP 213 EP 231 DI 10.1093/ajae/aat087 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AA1CE UT WOS:000330833100011 ER PT J AU Ronda, SR Kethineni, C Parupudi, LCP Thunuguntla, VBSC Vemula, S Settaluri, VS Allu, PR Grande, SK Sharma, S Kandala, CV AF Ronda, Srinivasa Reddy Kethineni, Chandrika Parupudi, Lakshmi Chandrika Pavani Thunuguntla, Venkata Bala Sai Chaitanya Vemula, Sandeep Settaluri, Vijaya Saradhi Allu, Prasada Rao Grande, Suresh Kumar Sharma, Suraj Kandala, Chari Venkatakrishna TI A growth inhibitory model with SOx influenced effective growth rate for estimation of algal biomass concentration under flue gas atmosphere SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microalgae; Biomass; Flue gas; Flow rate; Modeling ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 FIXATION; MICROALGAE; CHLORELLA; PHOTOBIOREACTORS; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PH AB A theoretical model for the prediction of biomass concentration under rice husk flue gas emission has been developed. The growth inhibitory model (GIM) considers the CO2 mass transfer rate, the critical SOx concentration and its role in pH-based inter-conversion of bicarbonate. The calibration and subsequent validation of the growth profile of Nannochloropsis limnetica at 2% and 10% (v/v) CO2 showed that the predicted values were consistent with the measured values, with r(2) being 0.96 and 0.98, respectively, and p < 0.001 in both cases. The constants used in the GIM for the prediction of biomass have been justified using sensitivity analysis. GIM applicability was defined as +/- 30% of the calibrated flow rate (3.0 L min (1)). This growth model can be applied to predict algal growth in photo-bioreactors treated with flue gas in the generation of biomass feed stock for biofuel production. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ronda, Srinivasa Reddy; Kethineni, Chandrika; Parupudi, Lakshmi Chandrika Pavani; Thunuguntla, Venkata Bala Sai Chaitanya; Vemula, Sandeep; Settaluri, Vijaya Saradhi; Allu, Prasada Rao] KL Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Vaddeswaram, AP, India. [Grande, Suresh Kumar] KL Univ, Dept Math, Vaddeswaram, AP, India. [Sharma, Suraj] Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kandala, Chari Venkatakrishna] USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. RP Ronda, SR (reprint author), KL Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Vaddeswaram, AP, India. EM rsr@kluniversity.in RI Grande, Suresh Kumar/A-2126-2015 OI Grande, Suresh Kumar/0000-0001-8987-4705 FU University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India [LS35-26/2008(SR)] FX The University Grants Commission (UGC) supported this study as a major research project award (LS35-26/2008(SR)), New Delhi, India. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 152 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.091 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA AB0CW UT WOS:000331460400039 PM 24300846 ER PT J AU Kangas, P Mulbry, W AF Kangas, Patrick Mulbry, Walter TI Nutrient removal from agricultural drainage water using algal turf scrubbers and solar power SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algal turf scrubber; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Cost; Chesapeake Bay ID DAIRY MANURE EFFLUENT; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITY; BIOFUEL AB The objectives of this study were to determine nutrient removal rates and costs using solar-powered algal turf scrubber (ATS) raceways and water from an agricultural drainage ditch. Algal productivity using day-time-only flow was 3-lower compared to productivity using continuous flow. Results from this and other studies suggest a non-linear relationship between flow rate and nitrogen removal rates. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal rates averaged 125 mg N, 25 mg P m(-2) d(-1) at the highest flow rates. Nutrient removal rates were equivalent to 310 kg N and 33 kg P ha(-1) over a 7 month season. Projected nutrient removal costs ($90-$110 kg(-1) N or $830-$1050 kg(-1) P) are >10-fold higher than previous estimates for ATS units used to treat manure effluents. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kangas, Patrick] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kangas, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pkangas@umd.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 152 BP 484 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.027 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA AB0CW UT WOS:000331460400066 PM 24333625 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Lora, JH Garcia, RA AF Piazza, G. J. Lora, J. H. Garcia, R. A. TI Flocculation of high purity wheat straw soda lignin SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bovine blood; Cationic polyacrylamide; Chitosan; Lignin; Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) ID CHEMICALS; BIOREFINERY; HYDROLYSIS; SEPARATION; CONVERSION; PROTEINS; BIOMASS AB In industrial process, acidification causes non-sulfonated lignin insolubility. The flocculants poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) and bovine blood (BB) also caused lignin insolubility while cationic polyacrylamide, chitosan, and soy protein PF 974 were ineffective. Turbidity determined optimal flocculant, but turbidity magnitude with BB was greater than expected. pDADMAC caused negative lignin Zeta potential to became positive, but BB-lignin Zeta potential was always negative. Insoluble lignin did not gravity sediment, and flocculant-lignin mixtures were centrifuged. Pellet and supernatant dry mass and corrected spectroscopic results were in good agreement for optimal pDADMAC and BB. Spectroscopy showed 87-92% loss of supernatant lignin. Nitrogen analysis showed BB concentrated in the pellet until the pellet became saturated with BB. Subtracting ash and BB mass from pellet and supernatant mass confirmed optimal BB. Low levels of alum caused increased lignin flocculation at lower levels of pDADMAC and BB, but alum did not affect optimal flocculant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Piazza, G. J.; Lora, J. H.; Garcia, R. A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.piazza@ars.usda.gov; jhlora@greenvalue-sa.com OI Garcia, Rafael A./0000-0002-5452-3929; Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 152 BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.040 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA AB0CW UT WOS:000331460400077 PM 24326211 ER PT J AU Cook, JA AF Cook, Jonathan Aaron TI The effect of firm-level productivity on exchange rate pass-through SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Exchange rate pass-through; Heterogeneous firms; Endogenous markups ID TRADE; MARKET; PRICES; BIAS AB A heterogeneous-firm trade model can explain the recent decrease in exchange rate pass-through to aggregate US import prices as a result of decreased trade costs. This paper finds support for this explanation by testing another implication of this type of heterogeneous firm model: lower exchange rate pass-through for goods that are traded for short periods of time. (C) 2013 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Cook, JA (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM jacook@uci.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 EI 1873-7374 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 122 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.10.028 PG 4 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AA9RZ UT WOS:000331431900007 ER PT J AU Panjwani, D Yesiltas, M Nath, J Maukonen, DE Rezadad, I Smith, EM Peale, RE Hirschmugl, C Sedlmair, J Wehlitz, R Unger, M Boreman, G AF Panjwani, Deep Yesiltas, Mehmet Nath, Janardan Maukonen, D. E. Rezadad, Imen Smith, Evan M. Peale, R. E. Hirschmugl, Carol Sedlmair, Julia Wehlitz, Ralf Unger, Miriam Boreman, Glenn TI Patterning of oxide-hardened gold black by photolithography and metal lift-off SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gold black; Pattering; MEMS; Photolithography; Infrared; Bolometer ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAY; ABSORBER; DEPOSITS; STRESS AB A method to pattern infrared-absorbing gold black by conventional photolithography and lift-off is described. A photo-resist pattern is developed on a substrate by standard photolithography. Gold black is deposited over the whole by thermal evaporation in an inert gas at similar to 1 Torr. SiO2 is then deposited as a protection layer by electron beam evaporation. Lift-off proceeds by dissolving the photoresist in acetone. The resulting sub-millimeter size gold black patterns that remain on the substrate retain high infrared absorption out to similar to 5 mu m wavelength and exhibit good mechanical stability. This technique allows selective application of gold black coatings to the pixels of thermal infrared imaging array detectors. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Panjwani, Deep; Yesiltas, Mehmet; Nath, Janardan; Maukonen, D. E.; Rezadad, Imen; Smith, Evan M.; Peale, R. E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Hirschmugl, Carol] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Sedlmair, Julia] US Forest Serv, USDA, Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Sedlmair, Julia; Wehlitz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. [Unger, Miriam] Cet Healthcare Technol GmbH, Esslingen Am Neckar, Germany. [Boreman, Glenn] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Peale, RE (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM robert.peale@ucf.edu RI Panjwani, Deep/A-9250-2017 OI Panjwani, Deep/0000-0002-8351-6138 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 EI 1879-0275 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.11.005 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA AA9LE UT WOS:000331414200015 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Lewis, EE Schliekelman, P AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Lewis, Edwin E. Schliekelman, Paul TI Aggregative group behavior in insect parasitic nematode dispersal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavior; Dispersal; Entomopathogenic nematode; Group foraging; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; INFECTED HOSTS; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; VOLATILE CUES; SOIL; POPULATIONS; TURFGRASS; MOVEMENT AB Movement behavior of foraging animals is critical to the determination of their spatial ecology and success in exploiting resources. Individuals sometimes gain advantages by foraging in groups to increase their efficiency in garnering these resources. Group movement behavior has been studied in various vertebrates. In this study we explored the propensity for innate group movement behavior among insect parasitic nematodes. Given that entomopathogenic nematodes benefit from group attack and infection, we hypothesised that the populations would tend to move in aggregate in the absence of extrinsic cues. Movement patterns of entomopathogenic nematodes in sand were investigated when nematodes were applied to a specific locus or when the nematodes emerged naturally from infected insect hosts; six nematode species in two genera were tested (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema glaseri and Steinernema riobrave). Nematodes were applied in aqueous suspension via filter paper discs or in infected insect host cadavers (to mimic emergence in nature). We discovered that nematode dispersal resulted in an aggregated pattern rather than a random or uniform distribution; the only exception was S. glaseri when emerging directly from infected hosts. The group movement may have been continuous from the point of origin, or it may have been triggered by a propensity to aggregate after a short period of random movement. To our knowledge, this is the first report of group movement behavior in parasitic nematodes in the absence of external stimuli (e.g., without an insect or other apparent biotic or abiotic cue). These findings have implications for nematode spatial distribution and suggest that group behavior is involved in nematode foraging. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Lewis, Edwin E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol & Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schliekelman, Paul] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SEFTNRL, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov; pdschlie@uga.edu NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.10.002 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA AA9LQ UT WOS:000331415400006 PM 24184157 ER PT J AU Taylor, CA Adams, SB Schuster, GA AF Taylor, Christopher A. Adams, Susan B. Schuster, Guenter A. TI SYSTEMATICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF ORCONECTES, SUBGENUS TRISELLESCENS, IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, A TEST OF MORPHOLOGY-BASED CLASSIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; crayfish; morphology; mtDNA; Orconectes; species boundaries ID GENUS ORCONECTES; FRESH-WATER; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PERCIDAE ETHEOSTOMA; DECAPODA CAMBARIDAE; CONSERVATION STATUS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CRAWFISH; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Diagnosable taxonomic units are fundamental to conservation biology and management of resources and the need for sound science in both fields is more pressing for aquatic ecosystems. Within freshwater crayfishes, the North American genus Orconectes is one of the most diverse in the World. Accurate assessments of species level relationships and species boundaries within the genus have historically been hampered by a low number of variable morphological characters and inadequate sampling from across the ranges of many taxa. We examine a diverse group of southeastern United States stream dwelling Orconectes in the subgenus Trisellescens using 16S, COI mtDNA, and morphology to resolve uncertainties in species boundaries. Our results suggest that strong divergences exist between taxa found above and below the Fall Line in parts of the southeastern United States and the taxonomy for taxa found in that region should remain unchanged. However, using both molecular and morphological datasets we are unable to determine species limits for some taxa found on and below the Fall Line. Analysis of DNA data suggests that historical and ongoing genetic events such as gene introgression may contribute to these uncertainties. For taxa found on and below the Fall Line, we suggest tentative, taxonomic assignments. Finally, we argue for increased sampling of independent molecular datasets and increased sample sizes for all cambarid crayfish biogeographic studies. C1 [Taylor, Christopher A.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Adams, Susan B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS USA. RP Taylor, CA (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, 1816 S Oak, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM ctaylor@inhs.uiuc.edu RI Adams, Susan/C-3559-2008 FU US Forest Service Southern Research Station; Alabama State Wildlife Grants program FX We are indebted to the following individuals for assistance in collecting specimens in the field: M. Bland, A. Commens-Carson, J. Fetzner, C. Graydon, E. Hartfield, C. Harwell, S. McGregor, G. McWhirter, B. Smith and L. Staton. We thank J. Allen for assistance with phylogenetic analysis, M. Warren for assistance with sPCA analyses, A. Commens-Carson and G. Henderson for assistance with maps and data managements, and J. Weith for assistance with morphological data collection. We are also grateful to D. Hayes and C. Dillman for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. Work was supported by the US Forest Service Southern Research Station and the Alabama State Wildlife Grants program. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002196 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB0KR UT WOS:000331481300001 ER PT J AU Toledo, D Kreuter, UP Sorice, MG Taylor, CA AF Toledo, David Kreuter, Urs P. Sorice, Michael G. Taylor, Charles A., Jr. TI The role of prescribed burn associations in the application of prescribed fires in rangeland ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Prescribed fire; Subjective norms; Perceived risk; Landowner associations ID SOCIAL-EXCHANGE THEORY; MANAGEMENT; SHRUBLAND; EROSION; CLIMATE; RISK AB Risk and liability concerns regarding fire affect people's attitudes toward fire and have led to human-induced alterations of fire regimes. This has, in turn, contributed to brush encroachment and degradation of many grasslands and savannas. Efforts to successfully restore such degraded ecosystems at the landscape scale in regions of the United States with high proportions of private lands require the reintroduction of fire. Prescribed Burn Associations (PBA) provide training, equipment, and labor to apply fire safely, facilitating the application of this rangeland management tool and thereby reducing the associated risk. PBAs help build networks and social capital among landowners who are interested in using fire. They can also change attitudes toward fire and enhance the social acceptability of using prescribed fire as a management practice. PBAs are an effective mechanism for promoting the widespread use of prescribed fire to restore and maintain the biophysical integrity of grasslands and savannas at the landscape scale. We report findings of a project aimed at determining the human dimensions of using prescribed fire to control woody plant encroachment in three different eco-regions of Texas. Specifically, we examine membership in PBAs as it relates to land manager decisions regarding the use of prescribed fire. Perceived risk has previously been identified as a key factor inhibiting the use of prescribed fire by landowners. Our results show that perceived constraints, due to lack of skill, knowledge, and access to equipment and membership in a PBAs are more important factors than risk perceptions in affecting landowner decisions about the use of fire. This emphasizes the potential for PBAs to reduce risk perceptions regarding the application of prescribed fire and, therefore, their importance for restoring brush-encroached grasslands and savannas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Toledo, David; Kreuter, Urs P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sorice, Michael G.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Taylor, Charles A., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Sonora AgriLife Res Stn, Sonora, TX 76950 USA. RP Toledo, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM david.toledo@ars.usda.gov; urs@tamu.edu; msorice@vt.edu; angora@sonoratx.net RI Toledo, David/A-9259-2010 OI Toledo, David/0000-0001-5162-4428 FU USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant [38-3A75-5-180]; Applied Biodiversity Science program at Texas A&M University (NSF-IGERT) [DGE 0654377] FX We thank Tammy Nguyen for her contributions with data collection, entry and error checking, USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant # 38-3A75-5-180 as well as the Applied Biodiversity Science program at Texas A&M University (NSF-IGERT grant DGE 0654377). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 132 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.014 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB3DP UT WOS:000331671800036 PM 24333743 ER PT J AU Burchi, G Bauchan, GR Murphy, C Roh, MS AF Burchi, Gianluca Bauchan, Gary R. Murphy, Charles Roh, Mark S. TI Characterisation of calcium crystals in Abelia spp. using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXALATE CRYSTALS; PLANTS; LEAVES; POTATO; CELLS; STEMS AB The localisation, chemical composition, and morphology of calcium (Ca) oxalate crystals in the leaves and stems of Abelia mosanensis and of A. x grandiflora were analysed using a variable pressure-scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM) equipped with an X-ray diffraction system, a low temperature SEM (LT-SEM), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Foliar analyses of macro- and micro-elements were performed on the leaves and stems of A. mosanensis. A greater number of Ca oxalate crystals were observed in A. mosanensis than in A. x grandiflora. Three morphologically distinguishable types of crystals were observed: the prismatic crystals found inside the chloroplast, multifaceted star-like spherical and bladed aggregate crystals (druses) inside the vacuoles of the mesophyll cells, and small angular crystals (sand crystals) inside the cuticle. Semi-solid crystals that may drip and accumulate to become a solid Ca oxalate crystal were observed by LT-SEM, which indicated the growth of druses of Ca oxalate crystals. The growth of prismatic crystals and of druses were evident through the formation a crystalline lamellae. Micro-analysis indicated that the crystals were Ca oxalate and contained magnesium in A. mosanensis, or silicon in A. x grandiflora. Abelia stems with low foliar calcium concentrations showed no Ca oxalate crystal formation. This is the first report, to our knowledge, on the presence and possible growth of crystals of different morphologies and chemical compositions in Abelia. C1 [Burchi, Gianluca] Consiglio Ric & Sperimentaz Agr, CRA VIV Landscaping Plants & Nursery Res Unit, I-51012 Pescia, PT, Italy. [Bauchan, Gary R.; Murphy, Charles] ARS, USDA, Electron & Confocal Microscope Unit, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM marksroh@gmail.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AA9KW UT WOS:000331413400009 ER PT J AU Zheng, QF Cai, ZY Gong, SQ AF Zheng, Qifeng Cai, Zhiyong Gong, Shaoqin TI Green synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hybrid aerogels and their use as superabsorbents SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSE I NANOFIBERS; ORGANIC AEROGELS; MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE; SELECTIVE ABSORPTION; WATER-PURIFICATION; FLEXIBLE AEROGELS; NATIVE CELLULOSE; OIL REMOVAL; GRAPHENE; ADSORPTION AB Cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hybrid organic aerogels were prepared using an environmentally friendly freeze-drying process. The resulting PVA/CNF aerogel was rendered both superhydrophobic and superoleophilic after being treated with methyltrichlorosilane via a simple thermal chemical vapor deposition process. Successful silanization on the surface of the porous aerogel was confirmed by various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle measurements. The silane-treated, cross-linked PVA/CNF aerogels not only exhibited excellent absorption performance for various types of oils (e. g., crude oil) or organic solvents (with a typical weight gain ranging from 44 to 96 times of their own dry weight), but also showed a remarkable scavenging capability for several types of heavy metal ions tested (e. g., Pb2+, Hg2+), making them versatile absorbents for various potential applications including water purification. Furthermore, these PVA/CNF aerogels demonstrated excellent elasticity and mechanical durability after silane-treatment as evidenced by the cyclic compression tests. C1 [Zheng, Qifeng; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zheng, Qifeng; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Inst Discovery, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Cai, Zhiyong] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM zcai@fs.fed.us; sgong@engr.wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI 1032186]; USDA Forest Products Laboratory (Madison, WI) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation (CMMI 1032186) and the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (Madison, WI). The authors are also thankful to Mr. Guojun Chen who helped to take the videos. The authors are also thankful to Professor Eric R. Roden for providing access to the BET surface area analyzer. NR 51 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 38 U2 246 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2014 VL 2 IS 9 BP 3110 EP 3118 DI 10.1039/c3ta14642a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AA7AE UT WOS:000331248600032 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Govindarajan, KN Puppala, N Settaluri, V Reddy, RS AF Kandala, C. V. K. Govindarajan, K. N. Puppala, N. Settaluri, V. Reddy, R. S. TI Identification of Wheat Varieties with a Parallel-Plate Capacitance Sensor Using Fisher's Linear Discriminant Analysis SO JOURNAL OF SENSORS LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE; FREQUENCY; PEANUTS; KERNELS AB Fisher's linear discriminant (FLD) models for wheat variety classification were developed and validated. The inputs to the FLD models were the capacitance (C), impedance (Z), and phase angle (theta), measured at two frequencies. Classification of wheat varieties was obtained as output of the FLD models. Z and theta of a parallel-plate capacitance system, holding the wheat samples, were measured using an impedance meter, and the.. value was computed. The best model developed classified the wheat varieties, with accuracy of 95.4%, over the six wheat varieties tested. This method is simple, rapid, and nondestructive and would be useful for the breeders and the peanut industry. C1 [Kandala, C. V. K.] USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Govindarajan, K. N.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Puppala, N.] New Mexico State Univ, Clovis, NM USA. [Settaluri, V.; Reddy, R. S.] KL Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Vaddeswaram, India. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM chari.kandala@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-725X EI 1687-7268 J9 J SENSORS JI J. Sens. PY 2014 AR 691898 DI 10.1155/2014/691898 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AB5OG UT WOS:000331837500001 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE Terrill, TH Mosjidis, JA AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. Terrill, T. H. Mosjidis, J. A. TI The effects of supplemental sericea lespedeza pellets in lambs and kids on growth rate SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Condensed tannins; Goats; Sericea lespedeza; Sheep ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION; CONDENSED TANNINS; LOTUS-PEDUNCULATUS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; TEMPERATE FORAGES; NATURAL DEWORMER; WOOL GROWTH; SHEEP; GOATS; HAY AB Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata), a condensed tannin rich plant, has been used in recent years to aid in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep and goats. Grazing or feeding dried SL leads to a reduction in egg production by GIN and reduces coccidiosis. Growth rates in lambs and kids when fed SL for more than 56 d has not been well characterized. The objective was to determine the effects of feeding SL leaf meal pellets on growth rate in lambs and kids. Lambs or kids weaned between 86 and 108 days of age (day 0) were supplemented with up to 900 g of a control supplement (CO) or SL leaf meal pellets for 56-112 days while grazing grass pastures at the USDA, Agricultural Research Service CARS) in Booneville, AR or Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA in 2010 (ARS lambs only), 2011 (lambs only), 2012, and 2013 (kids only). Animals were weighed every 28 days for up to 112 days of supplemental feeding. Data were analyzed using GLM [average daily gain (ADG)], mixed models using repeated measures, or regression. Between days 0 and 56, ADG was greater in 2012 (P=0.01) or tended to be greater in 2010 (P=0.07) in SL than CO lambs at ARS, but lower in SL than CO ARS lambs (P < 0.001) and kids in 2012 (P=0.02) and 2013 (P < 0.001), and similar in LSU lambs. During the latter growth phase, ADG was reduced in SL compared with CO fed lambs and kids (P < 0.01, all), except for LSU lambs in 2011 which were similar between groups. Additional studies are necessary to understand changes in growth rate of SL supplemented lambs and kids. It may be necessary to restrict the period of supplementation to less than 56 days to maximize weight gains in lambs and kids. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Terrill, T. H.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Mosjidis, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 6883 S,State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov FU USDA NIFA Organic Research and Education Initiative [2010-51300-21641]; USDA NIFA Small Business Innovative Research program [2011-33610-30836] FX This research was supported by the USDA NIFA Organic Research and Education Initiative (Project no. 2010-51300-21641) and USDA NIFA Small Business Innovative Research program (Project no. 2011-33610-30836). The authors wish to thank Jackie Cherry, Erin Smyth, Charles Lee, and Connie Cox of the Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center for their assistance with data and sample collection and analyses. Appreciation is extended to Dr. Barry Lambert and Nichole Cherry, Tarleton State University/Texas Agrilife, Stephenville, TX for analysis of condensed tannins. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 159 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.10.030 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AA9KB UT WOS:000331411300004 ER PT J AU Brady, CM Asplen, MK Desneux, N Heimpel, GE Hopper, KR Linnen, CR Oliver, KM Wulff, JA White, JA AF Brady, Cristina M. Asplen, Mark K. Desneux, Nicolas Heimpel, George E. Hopper, Keith R. Linnen, Catherine R. Oliver, Kerry M. Wulff, Jason A. White, Jennifer A. TI Worldwide Populations of the Aphid Aphis craccivora Are Infected with Diverse Facultative Bacterial Symbionts SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-PLANT USE; MISCANTHI HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE; PEA APHID; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; SECONDARY SYMBIONTS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PARASITIC WASPS; RAPID SPREAD; ENDOSYMBIONTS; WOLBACHIA AB Facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. However, relatively little is known about how symbiont diversity is structured in most aphid species. Here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and prevalence among worldwide populations of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. We surveyed 44 populations of A. craccivora, and detected 11 strains of facultative symbiotic bacteria, representing six genera. There were two significant associations between facultative symbiont and aphid food plant: the symbiont Arsenophonus was found at high prevalence in A. craccivora populations collected from Robinia sp. (locust), whereas the symbiont Hamiltonella was almost exclusively found in A. craccivora populations from Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Aphids collected from these two food plants also had divergent mitochondrial haplotypes, potentially indicating the formation of specialized aphid lineages associated with food plant (host-associated differentiation). The role of facultative symbionts in this process remains to be determined. Overall, observed facultative symbiont prevalence in A. craccivora was lower than that of some other well-studied aphids (e.g., Aphis fabae and Acyrthosiphon pisum), possibly as a consequence of A. craccivora's almost purely parthenogenetic life history. Finally, most (70 %) of the surveyed populations were polymorphic for facultative symbiont infection, indicating that even when symbiont prevalence is relatively low, symbiont-associated phenotypic variation may allow population-level evolutionary responses to local selection. C1 [Brady, Cristina M.; Wulff, Jason A.; White, Jennifer A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Asplen, Mark K.; Heimpel, George E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Desneux, Nicolas] French Natl Inst Agr Res INRA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Hopper, Keith R.] ARS, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Linnen, Catherine R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Oliver, Kerry M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP White, JA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jenawhite@uky.edu FU USDA-AFRI [2009-65104-05983]; University of Kentucky Department of Entomology FX We gratefully acknowledge A. Dehnel, N. Dutta, A. Maldonado, J. McCord, and J. Rigdon for laboratory assistance, and the many individuals who helped procure aphids for us to screen: G. Angelella, H. Arevelo, H. Barahoei, J. Castillo, M. Forister, K. Giles, R. Giordano, J. Harmon, N. Perez Hidalgo, I. Hoeschle-Zeledon, D. Hogg, C. Hsu, D. Lagos, B. Lavandero, L. Malik, S. Muranaka, S. Murphy, J. Palumbo, O. Petrovic-Obradovic, X. Pons, G. Rondoni, M. Saethre, N. Schellhorn, N. Seuhs, P. Stansly, M. Tamo, Z. Tomanovic, M. Tuda, L. Wu, T. Zaviezo, and E. Zchori-Fein. This study was funded by USDA-AFRI Grant #2009-65104-05983 and the University of Kentucky Department of Entomology. This is publication 13-08-127 of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 76 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s00248-013-0314-0 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA AA3HC UT WOS:000330982500019 PM 24233285 ER PT J AU Abdurakhmonov, IY Buriev, ZT Saha, S Jenkins, JN Abdukarimov, A Pepper, AE AF Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y. Buriev, Zabardast T. Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. Abdukarimov, Abdusattor Pepper, Alan E. TI Phytochrome RNAi enhances major fibre quality and agronomic traits of the cotton Gossypium hirsutum L SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TIME PCR ASSAY; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; PLANT; TRANSFORMATION; COMPENSATION; REGENERATION AB Simultaneous improvement of fibre quality, early-flowering, early-maturity and productivity in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) is a challenging task for conventional breeding. The influence of red/far-red light ratio on the fibre length prompted us to examine the phenotypic effects of RNA interference (RNAi) of the cotton PHYA1 gene. Here we show a suppression of up to similar to 70% for the PHYA1 transcript, and compensatory overexpression of up to similar to 20-fold in the remaining phytochromes in somatically regenerated PHYA1 RNAi cotton plants. Two independent transformants of three generations exhibited vigorous root and vegetative growth, early-flowering, significantly improved upper half mean fibre length and an improvement in other major fibre characteristics. Small decreases in lint traits were observed but seed cotton yield was increased an average 10-17% compared with controls. RNAi-associated phenotypes were heritable and transferable via sexual hybridization. These results should aid in the development of early-maturing and productive Upland cultivars with superior fibre quality. C1 [Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y.; Buriev, Zabardast T.; Abdukarimov, Abdusattor] Minist Agr & Water Resources Uzbekistan, Acad Sci Uzbekistan, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Tashkent 111215, Uzbekistan. [Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y.; Buriev, Zabardast T.; Abdukarimov, Abdusattor] Uzpakhtasanoat Assoc, Tashkent 111215, Uzbekistan. [Saha, Sukumar; Jenkins, Johnie N.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pepper, Alan E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y.; Buriev, Zabardast T.; Abdukarimov, Abdusattor] Acad Sci Uzbek, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Ctr Genom Technol, Kibray Reg 111226, Tashkent Dist, Uzbekistan. RP Abdurakhmonov, IY (reprint author), Minist Agr & Water Resources Uzbekistan, Acad Sci Uzbekistan, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Univ St 2, Tashkent 111215, Uzbekistan. EM genomics@uzsci.net RI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015 OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686 FU Office of International Research Programs of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the frame of USDA-Former Soviet Union cooperation programmes [P121/P121B]; The ISTEDOD Presidential Fund of the Government of Uzbekistan FX This project was funded by the Office of International Research Programs of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the frame of USDA-Former Soviet Union cooperation programmes with the research Grant of P121/P121B to I.Y.A., S. S. and A. E. P. We acknowledge the Science and Technology Centre of Ukraine for project coordination, and the technical assistance of project participants of P121/P121B. The ISTEDOD (formerly UMID) Presidential Fund of the Government of Uzbekistan provided support for the I.Y.A. to conduct research at Texas A&M University. We also thank Cabinet of Ministries of Uzbekistan, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Uzbekistan, 'Uzpakhtasanoat' association, association of 'Oil-Fat& Food Industry', Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations, Investments and Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan, fibre quality testing Centre 'SIFAT' of Uzbekistan and holding company) "Uzvinprom Holding" for their continual in-house funding of this research. We are indebted to P. Waterhouse and C. Helliwell, CSIRO, Australia, for providing pHellsgate vector systems for our study. We greatly acknowledge the Uzbekistan and USA partner laboratories' staff for the assistance with molecular experiments and field evaluations described in this work. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3062 DI 10.1038/ncomms4062 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA4RQ UT WOS:000331084200004 PM 24430163 ER PT J AU Kersey, PJ Allen, JE Christensen, M Davis, P Falin, LJ Grabmueller, C Hughes, DST Humphrey, J Kerhornou, A Khobova, J Langridge, N McDowall, MD Maheswari, U Maslen, G Nuhn, M Ong, CK Paulini, M Pedro, H Toneva, I Tuli, MA Walts, B Williams, G Wilson, D Youens-Clark, K Monaco, MK Stein, J Wei, XH Ware, D Bolser, DM Howe, KL Kulesha, E Lawson, D Staines, DM AF Kersey, Paul Julian Allen, James E. Christensen, Mikkel Davis, Paul Falin, Lee J. Grabmueller, Christoph Hughes, Daniel Seth Toney Humphrey, Jay Kerhornou, Arnaud Khobova, Julia Langridge, Nicholas McDowall, Mark D. Maheswari, Uma Maslen, Gareth Nuhn, Michael Ong, Chuang Kee Paulini, Michael Pedro, Helder Toneva, Iliana Tuli, Mary Ann Walts, Brandon Williams, Gareth Wilson, Derek Youens-Clark, Ken Monaco, Marcela K. Stein, Joshua Wei, Xuehong Ware, Doreen Bolser, Daniel M. Howe, Kevin Lee Kulesha, Eugene Lawson, Daniel Staines, Daniel Michael TI Ensembl Genomes 2013: scaling up access to genome-wide data SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; GENETIC-VARIATION; DUPLICATION AB Ensembl Genomes (http://www.ensemblgenomes.org) is an integrating resource for genome-scale data from non-vertebrate species. The project exploits and extends technologies for genome annotation, analysis and dissemination, developed in the context of the vertebrate-focused Ensembl project, and provides a complementary set of resources for non-vertebrate species through a consistent set of programmatic and interactive interfaces. These provide access to data including reference sequence, gene models, transcriptional data, polymorphisms and comparative analysis. This article provides an update to the previous publications about the resource, with a focus on recent developments. These include the addition of important new genomes (and related data sets) including crop plants, vectors of human disease and eukaryotic pathogens. In addition, the resource has scaled up its representation of bacterial genomes, and now includes the genomes of over 9000 bacteria. Specific extensions to the web and programmatic interfaces have been developed to support users in navigating these large data sets. Looking forward, analytic tools to allow targeted selection of data for visualization and download are likely to become increasingly important in future as the number of available genomes increases within all domains of life, and some of the challenges faced in representing bacterial data are likely to become commonplace for eukaryotes in future. C1 [Kersey, Paul Julian; Allen, James E.; Christensen, Mikkel; Davis, Paul; Falin, Lee J.; Grabmueller, Christoph; Hughes, Daniel Seth Toney; Humphrey, Jay; Kerhornou, Arnaud; Khobova, Julia; Langridge, Nicholas; McDowall, Mark D.; Maheswari, Uma; Maslen, Gareth; Nuhn, Michael; Ong, Chuang Kee; Paulini, Michael; Pedro, Helder; Toneva, Iliana; Walts, Brandon; Williams, Gareth; Wilson, Derek; Bolser, Daniel M.; Howe, Kevin Lee; Kulesha, Eugene; Lawson, Daniel; Staines, Daniel Michael] European Bioinformat Inst, European Mol Biol Lab, Hinxton CB10 1SD, Cambs, England. [Tuli, Mary Ann] Wellcome Trust Sanger Ctr, Hinxton CB10 1SA, Cambs, England. [Youens-Clark, Ken; Monaco, Marcela K.; Stein, Joshua; Wei, Xuehong; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Ware, Doreen] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kersey, PJ (reprint author), European Bioinformat Inst, European Mol Biol Lab, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, Cambs, England. EM pkersey@ebi.ac.uk RI Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Allen, James/B-2457-2009; Paulini, Michael/E-8289-2017; OI Kersey, Paul/0000-0002-7054-800X; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Allen, James/0000-0002-3894-4854; Staines, Daniel/0000-0002-7564-9125; Howe, Kevin/0000-0002-1751-9226; Paulini, Michael/0000-0002-6968-2340; Nuhn, Michael/0000-0001-9753-7995; Walts, Brandon/0000-0002-0215-0745; Bolser, Dan/0000-0002-3991-0859; Christensen, Mikkel/0000-0003-4291-0611; McDowall, Mark/0000-0002-6666-602X; Shunmugam, Uma/0000-0001-7007-9234; Lawson, Daniel/0000-0001-7765-983X; Kerhornou, Arnaud/0000-0002-2890-295X FU UK Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Council [BB/I00I0077/1, BB/H531519/1, BB/F19793/1, BB/J017299/1, BB/J00328X/1, BB/I008071/1]; Wellcome Trust [090548/B/09/Z]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPPGD1491]; U.S. National Science Foundation [41686 IPGA Gramene]; 7th Framework Programme of the European Union [228421, 222886-2, 284496]; European Molecular Biology Laboratory FX UK Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Council [BB/I00I0077/1, BB/H531519/1, BB/F19793/1, BB/J017299/1, BB/J00328X/1, BB/I008071/1 to P. K.]; Wellcome Trust [090548/B/09/Z to P. K.]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPPGD1491 to P. K.]; U.S. National Science Foundation [41686 IPGA Gramene to D. W.]; 7th Framework Programme of the European Union [contract numbers 228421, INFRAVEC; 222886-2, Microme; and 284496, transPLANT to P. K.]. Funding for open access charge: The European Molecular Biology Laboratory. NR 30 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS D1 BP D546 EP D552 DI 10.1093/nar/gkt979 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AA5LF UT WOS:000331139800081 PM 24163254 ER PT J AU Monaco, MK Stein, J Naithani, S Wei, S Dharmawardhana, P Kumari, S Amarasinghe, V Youens-Clark, K Thomason, J Preece, J Pasternak, S Olson, A Jiao, YP Lu, ZY Bolser, D Kerhornou, A Staines, D Walts, B Wu, GM D'Eustachio, P Haw, R Croft, D Kersey, PJ Stein, L Jaiswal, P Ware, D AF Monaco, Marcela K. Stein, Joshua Naithani, Sushma Wei, Sharon Dharmawardhana, Palitha Kumari, Sunita Amarasinghe, Vindhya Youens-Clark, Ken Thomason, James Preece, Justin Pasternak, Shiran Olson, Andrew Jiao, Yinping Lu, Zhenyuan Bolser, Dan Kerhornou, Arnaud Staines, Dan Walts, Brandon Wu, Guanming D'Eustachio, Peter Haw, Robin Croft, David Kersey, Paul J. Stein, Lincoln Jaiswal, Pankaj Ware, Doreen TI Gramene 2013: comparative plant genomics resources SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; GENETIC-VARIATION; WIDE PATTERNS; INBRED LINES; RICE; MAIZE; IDENTIFICATION; SYNTHASE; DATABASE AB Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a curated online resource for comparative functional genomics in crops and model plant species, currently hosting 27 fully and 10 partially sequenced reference genomes in its build number 38. Its strength derives from the application of a phylogenetic framework for genome comparison and the use of ontologies to integrate structural and functional annotation data. Whole-genome alignments complemented by phylogenetic gene family trees help infer syntenic and orthologous relationships. Genetic variation data, sequences and genome mappings available for 10 species, including Arabidopsis, rice and maize, help infer putative variant effects on genes and transcripts. The pathways section also hosts 10 species-specific metabolic pathways databases developed in-house or by our collaborators using Pathway Tools software, which facilitates searches for pathway, reaction and metabolite annotations, and allows analyses of user-defined expression datasets. Recently, we released a Plant Reactome portal featuring 133 curated rice pathways. This portal will be expanded for Arabidopsis, maize and other plant species. We continue to provide genetic and QTL maps and marker datasets developed by crop researchers. The project provides a unique community platform to support scientific research in plant genomics including studies in evolution, genetics, plant breeding, molecular biology, biochemistry and systems biology. C1 [Monaco, Marcela K.; Stein, Joshua; Wei, Sharon; Kumari, Sunita; Youens-Clark, Ken; Thomason, James; Pasternak, Shiran; Olson, Andrew; Jiao, Yinping; Lu, Zhenyuan; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Naithani, Sushma; Dharmawardhana, Palitha; Amarasinghe, Vindhya; Preece, Justin; Jaiswal, Pankaj] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bolser, Dan; Kerhornou, Arnaud; Staines, Dan; Walts, Brandon; Croft, David; Kersey, Paul J.] EMBL European Bioinformat Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SD, England. [Wu, Guanming; Haw, Robin; Stein, Lincoln] Ontario Inst Canc Res, Informat & Biocomp Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [D'Eustachio, Peter] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biochem, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, NAA Plant, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ware, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu RI Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Bolser, Dan/0000-0002-3991-0859; Kerhornou, Arnaud/0000-0002-2890-295X; D'Eustachio, Peter/0000-0002-5494-626X; Staines, Daniel/0000-0002-7564-9125; Kersey, Paul/0000-0002-7054-800X FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0703908, IOS-1127112]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [413089, 418046, 418047]; European Community [283496]; United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biosciences Research Council [BB/J000328X/1, I008071/1, H531519/1]; US National Institutes of Health [P41 HG003751]; EU [LSHG-CT-2005-518254]; Ontario Research Fund; EBI Industry Programme; Gramene Project NSF grant [IOS-1127112] FX National Science Foundation [IOS-0703908 and IOS-1127112]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [413089, 418046 and 418047 to D. W.]; European Community's 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013; Infrastructures) [contract # 283496 to P. K.]; United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biosciences Research Council [BB/J000328X/1, I008071/1 and H531519/1 to P. K.]; The infrastructure and intellectual support for the development and running the Plant Reactome is supported by the Reactome database project via a grant from the US National Institutes of Health [P41 HG003751 to L. S.], EU grant [LSHG-CT-2005-518254] 'ENFIN', Ontario Research Fund and the EBI Industry Programme. The funders had no role in the study design, data analysis or preparation of the manuscript. Funding for open access charge: Gramene Project NSF grant [IOS-1127112]. NR 42 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS D1 BP D1193 EP D1199 DI 10.1093/nar/gkt1110 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AA5LF UT WOS:000331139800175 PM 24217918 ER PT J AU Yu, J Jung, S Cheng, CH Ficklin, SP Lee, T Zheng, P Jones, D Percy, RG Main, D AF Yu, Jing Jung, Sook Cheng, Chun-Huai Ficklin, Stephen P. Lee, Taein Zheng, Ping Jones, Don Percy, Richard G. Main, Dorrie TI CottonGen: a genomics, genetics and breeding database for cotton research SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE; ANNOTATIONS; INFORMATION; EVOLUTION; ONTOLOGY; ORIGIN AB CottonGen (http://www.cottongen.org) is a curated and integrated web-based relational database providing access to publicly available genomic, genetic and breeding data for cotton. CottonGen supercedes CottonDB and the Cotton Marker Database, with enhanced tools for easier data sharing, mining, visualization and data retrieval of cotton research data. CottonGen contains annotated whole genome sequences, unigenes from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), markers, trait loci, genetic maps, genes, taxonomy, germplasm, publications and communication resources for the cotton community. Annotated whole genome sequences of Gossypium raimondii are available with aligned genetic markers and transcripts. These whole genome data can be accessed through genome pages, search tools and GBrowse, a popular genome browser. Most of the published cotton genetic maps can be viewed and compared using CMap, a comparative map viewer, and are searchable via map search tools. Search tools also exist for markers, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), germplasm, publications and trait evaluation data. CottonGen also provides online analysis tools such as NCBI BLAST and Batch BLAST. C1 [Yu, Jing; Jung, Sook; Cheng, Chun-Huai; Ficklin, Stephen P.; Lee, Taein; Zheng, Ping; Main, Dorrie] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Jones, Don] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Percy, Richard G.] USDA ARS SPARC, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Main, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dorrie@wsu.edu OI Ficklin, Stephen/0000-0001-9138-6292 FU Cotton Incorporated; USDA-ARS Crop Germplasm Research Unit at College Station, TX; Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors; Bayer CropScience; Dow/Phytogen; Monsanto; USDA NIFA [2009-51181-06036, 2009-51181-05808]; CottonGen Grant FX Cotton Incorporated; the USDA-ARS Crop Germplasm Research Unit at College Station, TX; Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors; Bayer CropScience; Dow/Phytogen; Monsanto. Components of the infrastructure for CottonGen were created under funding for Tripal development for other databases (USDA NIFA [2009-51181-06036, 2009-51181-05808]). As these databases all use the same underlying Tripal infrastructure, source code was shared amongst all of these databases. That code is also freely available on the Tripal website at http://tripal.info. Funding for open access charge: CottonGen Grant. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS D1 BP D1229 EP D1236 DI 10.1093/nar/gkt1064 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AA5LF UT WOS:000331139800180 PM 24203703 ER PT J AU Nielsen, ASE Plantinga, AJ Alig, RJ AF Nielsen, Anne Sofie Elberg Plantinga, Andrew J. Alig, Ralph J. TI Mitigating climate change through afforestation: New cost estimates for the United States SO RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Afforestation; Cost estimates ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SEQUESTERING CARBON; AGRICULTURAL LAND; FORESTS; EMISSIONS; MARKETS; IMPACTS; POLICY AB We provide new cost estimates for carbon sequestration through afforestation in the U.S. We extend existing studies of carbon sequestration costs in several important ways, while ensuring the transparency of our approach. Our costs estimates have five distinguishing features: (1) we estimate costs for each county in the contiguous U.S., (2) we include afforestation of rangeland, in addition to cropland and pasture, (3) our opportunity cost estimates account for capitalized returns to future development (including associated option values) in addition to returns to agricultural production, (4) we develop a new set of forest establishment costs for each county, and (5) we incorporate data on Holdridge life zones to limit afforestation in locations where temperature and moisture availability prohibit forest growth. We find that at a carbon price of $50/ton, approximately 200 million tons of carbon would be sequestered annually through afforestation. At a price of $100/ton, an additional 100 million tons of carbon would be sequestered each year. Our estimates closely match those in earlier econometric studies for relatively low carbon prices, but diverge at higher carbon prices. Our results indicate a smaller, but still important, role for forest-based carbon sequestration in offsetting U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nielsen, Anne Sofie Elberg] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Food, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Nielsen, Anne Sofie Elberg] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Resource Econ, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Nielsen, Anne Sofie Elberg] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Plantinga, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Alig, Ralph J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Plantinga, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM plantinga@bren.ucsb.edu RI publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-7655 EI 1873-0221 J9 RESOUR ENERGY ECON JI Resour. Energy Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 36 IS 1 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2013.11.001 PG 16 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA8JO UT WOS:000331342000006 ER PT J AU Kovacs, KF Haight, RG Mercader, RJ McCullough, DG AF Kovacs, Kent F. Haight, Robert G. Mercader, Rodrigo J. McCullough, Deborah G. TI A bioeconomic analysis of an emerald ash borer invasion of an urban forest with multiple jurisdictions SO RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Management; Spatial control; Emerald ash borer; Non-linear programming ID PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; TREES; ATTRACTION; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; SITES AB Bio-invasions occur in management mosaics where local control affects spread and damage across political boundaries. We address two obstacles to local implementation of optimal regional control of a bio-invasion that damages public and private resources across jurisdictions: lack of local funds to protect the public resource and lack of access to protect the private resource. To evaluate these obstacles, we develop a spatial-dynamic model of the optimal control of emerald ash borer (EAB) in the Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minnesota, USA. We focus on managing valuable host trees with preventative insecticide treatment or pre-emptive removal to slow EAB spread. The model includes spatial variation in the ownership and benefits of host trees, the costs of management, and the budgets of municipal jurisdictions. We develop and evaluate centralized strategies for 17 jurisdictions surrounding the infestation. The central planner determines the quantities of trees in public ownership to treat and remove over time, to maximize benefits of surviving trees net costs of management across public and private ownerships, subject to constraints on municipal budgets, management activities, and access to private trees. The results suggest that centralizing the budget across jurisdictions rather than increasing any one municipal budget does more to increase total net benefits. Strategies with insecticide treatment are superior to ones with pre-emptive removal because they reduce the quantity of susceptible trees at lower cost and protect the benefits of healthy trees. Increasing the accessibility of private trees to public management substantially slows EAB spread and improves total net benefit. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kovacs, Kent F.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Fayetteville, AR 72762 USA. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mercader, Rodrigo J.] Washburn Univ, Dept Biol, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kovacs, KF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Fayetteville, AR 72762 USA. EM kkovacs@uark.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us; rodrigo.mercader@washburn.edu; mccullo6@msu.edu RI Mercader, Rodrigo/L-6550-2015 OI Mercader, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4904-2805 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 10 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-7655 EI 1873-0221 J9 RESOUR ENERGY ECON JI Resour. Energy Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 36 IS 1 BP 270 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2013.04.008 PG 20 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA8JO UT WOS:000331342000016 ER PT J AU Indorante, SJ Kabrick, JM Lee, BD Maatta, JM AF Indorante, Samuel J. Kabrick, John M. Lee, Brad D. Maatta, Jon M. TI Quantifying Soil Profile Change Caused by Land Use in Central Missouri Loess Hillslopes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; LANDSCAPE POSITION; EROSION; PHOSPHORUS; ILLINOIS; TILLAGE; FORMS; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; IOWA AB Three major challenges are present when studying anthropogenic impacts on soil profile properties: (i) site selection; (ii) sampling and modeling native and cultivated soil-landscape relationships; and (iii) graphically and statistically comparing native and cultivated sites to model soil profile changes. This study addressed those challenges by measuring and modeling selected soil profile properties of paired (native) forest and analogous nonnative (cultivated) loess hillslopes in central Missouri. The paired hillslopes in Saline County were mapped as Mollic Hapludalfs and the paired hillslopes in Boone County were mapped as Typic Hapludalfs. Horizonation and depth distribution of Hapludalf soil properties provide markers when measuring land use impacts on soil profile properties. Summit pedons on the four sites verified the mapping and classification. Transect data revealed soil profile variation by slope position and by site. Regression analysis identified relationships at the p < 0.007 level between depth to clay maximum (adjusted R-2 = 0.74), thickness of the A horizon (adjusted R-2 = 0.32), thickness of the subsurface horizon (adjusted R-2 = 0.69), depth to the top of the B horizon (adjusted R-2 = 0.69), clay content of the surface horizon (R-2 = 0.76), organic C content of the surface horizon (adjusted R-2 = 0.56), and depth to <= 7.5 g kg(-1) organic C (adjusted R-2 = 0.59) and slope position and site characteristics. A different response surface for each site for each soil characteristic supported the hypothesis that vegetative history and land use significantly affected the distribution of these soil properties. C1 [Indorante, Samuel J.] USDA NRCS, Carbondale, IL 62903 USA. [Kabrick, John M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Brad D.] Univ Kentucky, Cooperat Extens Serv, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Maatta, Jon M.] Plymouth State Univ, Math Dep, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. RP Indorante, SJ (reprint author), USDA NRCS, Carbondale, IL 62903 USA. EM sam.indorante@il.usda.gov NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0285 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AA5JX UT WOS:000331134000025 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Barsotti, JL Wang, J AF Sainju, Upendra M. Barsotti, Joy L. Wang, Jun TI Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; METHANE OXIDATION; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; NO-TILLAGE; LONG-TERM; AGRICULTURE; SEQUESTRATION; SYSTEMS; EMISSIONS AB Little information is available about management practice effects on the net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under dryland cropping systems. We evaluated the effects of cropping sequences (conventional-tillage malt barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.]-fallow [CTB-F], no-till malt barley-pea [Pisum sativum L.] [NTB-P], and no-till continuous malt barley [NTCB]) and N fertilization rates (0 and 80 kg N ha(-1)) on net GWP and GHGI from 2008 to 2011 in eastern Montana. Carbon dioxide sources from farm operations were greater under CTB-F than NTB-P and NTCB and greater with N fertilization than without, but the sources from soil greenhouse gases (GHGs) varied among treatments and years. Carbon dioxide sinks from crop residue and soil organic C (SOC) sequestration were greater under NTB-P or NTCB with 80 kg N ha(-1) than other treatments. Net GWP and GHGI based on soil respiration (GWP(R) and GHGI(R), respectively) and SOC (GWP(C) and GHGI(C), respectively) were greater under CTB-F with 0 kg N ha(-1) than other treatments, suggesting that alternate-year fallow and the absence of N fertilization to crops can increase net GHG emissions. Because of greater grain yield but lower GWP and GHGI, NTB-P with N rates between 0 and 80 kg N ha(-1) may be used as management options to mitigate global warming potential while sustaining dryland malt barley and pea yields compared with CTB-F with 0 kg N ha(-1) in the northern Great Plains. The results can be applied to other semiarid regions with similar soil and climatic conditions. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Barsotti, Joy L.] USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Wang, Jun] NW Univ Xian, Coll Urban & Environ Sci, Xian 710069, Peoples R China. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS GRACEnet project; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31270484] FX We greatly appreciate the excellent support provided by Michael Johnson and Mark Gaffri for the management of field plots and Chris Russell and Ethan Schaff for collecting gas, soil, and plant samples in the field and analyzing them in the laboratory. We also acknowledge the partial financial support provided by the USDA-ARS GRACEnet project and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31270484). NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 43 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 248 EP 261 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0325 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AA5JX UT WOS:000331134000027 ER PT J AU Hou, RX Ouyang, Z Wilson, GV Li, YS Li, HX AF Hou, Ruixing Ouyang, Zhu Wilson, G. V. Li, Yunsheng Li, Hanxia TI Response of Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Warming under No-Till and Conventional Till Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; LONG-TERM; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-CONTENT AB Differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution, water holding capacity, and soil temperature between no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems can result in different soil CO2 emissions which could affect global warming but few studies have addressed this concern. An open warming experiment was conducted in situ by infrared heating of long-term conservation tillage management plots in North China Plain (NCP) to determine the effects of warming on soil CO2 emissions and the correlation to changes in soil temperature and moisture. This experiment was conducted from February 2010 to June 2012 and included CT and NT plots with and without warming. Warming treatment increased soil temperature by 2.1 and 1.5 degrees C, and decreased volumetric soil-water content by 14 and 10% for CT and NT systems, respectively. Soil CO2 emissions tended to decrease with time in CT while it consistently increased in NT system over the three wheat seasons and two maize seasons under warming. Our results suggest that differences in soil temperature and soil moisture between the two tillage systems could be enlarged with time by warming, and the potential exist for warming to promote more soil CO2 emission under NT relative to CT. There is a need to consider the differences in response to global warming between these two tillage systems to properly assess the benefits of NT to C sequestration. C1 [Hou, Ruixing; Ouyang, Zhu; Li, Yunsheng; Li, Hanxia] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Hou, Ruixing; Ouyang, Zhu; Li, Yunsheng; Li, Hanxia] Chinese Acad Sci, Yucheng Comprehens Expt Stn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wilson, G. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Ouyang, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM ouyz@igsnrr.ac.cn FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05050502]; National High Technology Research and Development Program [2013AA102903]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31300373]; China Postdoc Foundation [2013M530715] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050502), the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2013AA102903), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300373), and China Postdoc Foundation (2013M530715). We gratefully acknowledge the measurement assistance of Yinxia Zhu, Bin Li, and Qing Guo. The authors are very thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for many valuable suggestions. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 43 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0184 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AA5JX UT WOS:000331134000030 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Reinmann, AB Templer, PH AF Campbell, John L. Reinmann, Andrew B. Templer, Pamela H. TI Soil Freezing Effects on Sources of Nitrogen and Carbon Leached During Snowmelt SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SMALL HEADWATER CATCHMENTS; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; WINTER CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUGAR MAPLE TREES; BOREAL FOREST; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; THAW CYCLES; NEW-YORK AB Soil freezing in winter has been shown to enhance growing season losses of C and N in northern forests. However, less is known about effects of soil freezing on C and N retention during snowmelt and the sources of C and N leached, which is important because losses to stream water are greatest during this period. Organic horizon soils (Oi + Oe + Oa) from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, United States were placed in columns in a laboratory experiment and subjected to one of three different temperature treatments (+5.0, -0.5, and -15.0 degrees C) before they were covered with snow and placed in a +5.0 degrees C cold room to induce snowmelt. Results for all temperature treatments showed that fluxes of all forms of C and N declined over snowmelt, indicating flushing of a limited soil pool. The quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) became increasingly aromatic, while delta N-15-NO3- declined, indicating that as labile organic matter and N become less available during snowmelt, a greater proportion of N is cycled through the microbial pool. Mild soil freezing had little effect on C and N processing; however, severe soil freezing resulted in delayed leaching and a flush of labile DOM. The severely frozen soils also leached significantly less dissolved inorganic N (DIN; NH4+ and NO3-), likely due to the inhibitory effect of extremely cold soil temperatures on microbial production. These results highlight the importance of winter climate in regulating fluxes and sources of C and N leached during snowmelt, having implications for stream water quality. C1 [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Reinmann, Andrew B.; Templer, Pamela H.] Boston Univ, Dep Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jlcampbell@fs.fed.us OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU USDA Forest Service; Northern Research Station; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank Alexandra Webster for assistance with fieldwork, John Stanovick for help with statistical analyses, and Jane Hislop, Jeffrey Merriam, and Stephanie Juice for laboratory analyses. Stephanie Juice and Kaelin Cawley provided helpful reviews that improved this manuscript. The USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation provided funding for this research. This manuscript is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 71 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.06.0218 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AA5JX UT WOS:000331134000032 ER PT S AU Nayak, MK Collins, PJ Throne, JE Wang, JJ AF Nayak, Manoj K. Collins, Patrick J. Throne, James E. Wang, Jin-Jun BE Berenbaum, MR TI Biology and Management of Psocids Infesting Stored Products SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 59, 2014 SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE control; ecology; Liposcelididae; population growth; Psocoptera ID LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA BADONNEL; DECOLOR PSOCOPTERA LIPOSCELIDIDAE; POPULATION-GROWTH; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; SPECIES PSOCOPTERA; STRUCTURAL TREATMENTS; RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; WOLBACHIA INFECTION; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; STEEL BINS AB Previously regarded as minor nuisance pests, psocids belonging to the genus Liposcelis now pose a major problem for the effective protection of stored products worldwide. Here we examine the apparent biological and operational reasons behind this phenomenon and why conventional pest management seems to be failing. We investigate what is known about the biology, behavior, and population dynamics of major pest species to ascertain their strengths, and perhaps find weaknesses, as a basis for a rational pest management strategy. We outline the contribution of molecular techniques to clarifying species identification and understanding genetic diversity. We discuss progress in sampling and trapping and our comprehension of spatial distribution of these pests as a foundation for developing management strategies. The effectiveness of various chemical treatments and the availability and potential of nonchemical control methods are critically examined. Finally, we identify research gaps and suggest future directions for research. C1 [Nayak, Manoj K.; Collins, Patrick J.] Ecosci Precinct, Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Nayak, Manoj K.; Collins, Patrick J.] Plant Biosecur Cooperat Res Ctr, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia. [Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Wang, Jin-Jun] Southwest Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China. RP Nayak, MK (reprint author), Ecosci Precinct, Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM manoj.nayak@daff.qld.gov.au; pat.collins@daff.qld.gov.au; James.Throne@ars.usda.gov; wangjinjun@swu.edu.cn NR 121 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 31 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0159-0 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2014 VL 59 BP 279 EP U924 DI 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161947 PG 45 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BJQ17 UT WOS:000329608900016 PM 24160430 ER PT S AU Hofstetter, RW Moser, JC AF Hofstetter, R. W. Moser, J. C. BE Berenbaum, MR TI The Role of Mites in Insect-Fungus Associations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 59, 2014 SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE mutualism; pathogen; disease; beetle; bee; wasp; ant ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; IMPORTED FIRE ANT; INVICTA BUREN HYMENOPTERA; DUTCH ELM DISEASE; PHORETIC MITES; BARK BEETLES; LIFE-HISTORY; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; HONEY-BEES; CENTRAL LOUISIANA AB The interactions among insects, mites, and fungi are diverse and complex but poorly understood in most cases. Associations among insects, mites, and fungi span an almost incomprehensible array of ecological interactions and evolutionary histories. Insects and mites often share habitats and resources and thus interact within communities. Many mites and insects rely on fungi for nutrients, and fungi benefit from them with regard to spore dispersal, habitat provision, or nutrient resources. Mites have important impacts on community dynamics, ecosystem processes, and biodiversity within many insect-fungus systems. Given that mites are understudied but highly abundant, they likely have bigger, more important, and more widespread impacts on communities than previously recognized. We describe mutualistic and antagonistic effects of mites on insect-fungus associations, explore the processes that underpin ecological and evolutionary patterns of these multipartite communities, review well-researched examples of the effects of mites on insect-fungus associations, and discuss approaches for studying mites within insect-fungus communities. C1 [Hofstetter, R. W.] No Arizona Univ, Coll Engn Forestry & Nat Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Moser, J. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Moser, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM Rich.Hofstetter@nau.edu; johnmoser@fs.fed.us NR 149 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 41 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0159-0 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2014 VL 59 BP 537 EP 557 DI 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162039 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BJQ17 UT WOS:000329608900028 PM 24188072 ER PT J AU Rubio-Sastre, P Gomez-Abellan, P Martinez-Nicolas, A Ordovas, JM Madrid, JA Garaulet, M AF Rubio-Sastre, Patricia Gomez-Abellan, Purificacion Martinez-Nicolas, Antonio Maria Ordovas, Jose Antonio Madrid, Juan Garaulet, Marta TI Evening physical activity alters wrist temperature circadian rhythmicity SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Circadian ambulatory monitoring; exercise; free-living conditions; rhythms; timing ID SKIN TEMPERATURE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; EXERCISE; SENSITIVITY; PHASE; LIGHT; MELATONIN; PATTERN; HUMANS AB The adequate time to perform physical activity (PA) to maintain optimal circadian system health has not been defined. We studied the influence of morning and evening PA on circadian rhythmicity in 16 women with wrist temperature (WT). Participants performed controlled PA (45 min continuous-running) during 7 days in the morning (MPA) and evening (EPA) and results were compared with a no-exercise-week (C). EPA was characterized by a lower amplitude (evening: 0.028 +/- 0.01 degrees C versus control: 0.038 +/- 0.016 degrees C; p<0.05) less pronounced second-harmonic (power) (evening: 0.41 +/- 0.47 versus morning: 1.04 +/- 0.59); and achrophase delay (evening: 06:35 +/- 02:14 h versus morning: 04:51 +/- 01:11 h; p<0.05) as compared to MPA and C. Performing PA in the late evening might not be as beneficial as in the morning. C1 [Rubio-Sastre, Patricia; Gomez-Abellan, Purificacion; Martinez-Nicolas, Antonio; Antonio Madrid, Juan; Garaulet, Marta] Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Physiol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] CNIC, Dept Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain. [Maria Ordovas, Jose] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados Alimentac IMDEA, Madrid, Spain. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Physiol, Campus Espinardo S-N, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es RI Martinez-Nicolas, Antonio/A-7560-2012 OI Martinez-Nicolas, Antonio/0000-0002-8213-3370 FU Tomas Pascual Foundation; Pilar Gomez-Cuetara Foundation; Spanish Government of Science and Innovation [BFU2011-24720, BFU2010-21945-C02-01]; Seneca Foundation from the Government of Murcia [15123/PI/10]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This study was supported by grants from the Tomas Pascual and Pilar Gomez-Cuetara Foundations, the Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (BFU2011-24720 and BFU2010-21945-C02-01) and the Seneca Foundation from the Government of Murcia (15123/PI/10). National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants HL-54776, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant Number DK075030 and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0742-0528 EI 1525-6073 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.3109/07420528.2013.833215 PG 7 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA AA5OG UT WOS:000331148700015 PM 24517176 ER PT J AU Lewandrowski, J Kim, CS Aillery, M AF Lewandrowski, Jan Kim, C. S. Aillery, Marcel TI Carbon sequestration through afforestation under uncertainty SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Afforestation; Carbon sequestration; Uncertainty; Fire risk; Pest risk; Dynamic optimal control ID WEIBULL FUNCTION; FIRE-PREVENTION; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; MODEL AB Economic studies have demonstrated that agricultural landowners could mitigate significant quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through afforestation. The associated carbon, however, must remain stored in soils or biomass for several decades to achieve substantial mitigation benefits. Policies and programs to enhance carbon sequestration in forest systems must accommodate the possibility of premature carbon releases. We develop a dynamic nested optimal-control model of carbon sequestration through afforestation given uncertainties associated with fire and pest hazards. Our framework highlights a number of factors that affect landowner decisions to invest in fire or pest prevention measures. For fire, we show the net influence of these factors is to encourage investment in prevention measures when the probability of fire occurring is less than the ratio of expected net economic benefits to expected gross economic benefits of adopting fire prevention measures. For pests, we show that landowners will invest in prevention measures when the probability of fire is less than the ratio of the difference between net benefits before and after the discovery of tree pests to the difference between gross economic benefits before and after the discovery of pests. For both risks, landowners will over-invest in prevention if the other risk is ignored. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lewandrowski, Jan] USDA, Climate Change Program Off, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kim, C. S.; Aillery, Marcel] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Lewandrowski, J (reprint author), USDA, Climate Change Program Off, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jlewandrowski@OCE.usda.gov; CKIM@ers.usda.gov; maillery@ers.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 38 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.014 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AA0WZ UT WOS:000330819400012 ER PT J AU Nielsen-Pincus, M Moseley, C Gebert, K AF Nielsen-Pincus, Max Moseley, Cassandra Gebert, Krista TI Job growth and loss across sectors and time in the western US: The impact of large wildfires SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Employment; Fire suppression; Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages; Counties ID LOCAL-LABOR MARKETS; WILDLAND FIRE; EMPLOYMENT; HURRICANES; WAGES AB The link between economic growth and natural hazards has long been studied to better understand the effects of natural hazards on local, regional, and country level growth patterns. However, relatively little generalizable research has focused on wildfires, one of the most common forest disturbances in the western United States (US). We examined the effect of large wildfires on employment growth across sectors and time in the western US. We matched wildfire occurrences from 2004 to 2008 and their duration with monthly employment data to identify the effect of wildfire on employment growth. Wildfires generally tended to exhibit positive effects on employment during the periods that suppression efforts were active. However, the overall positive effect masks winners and losers across sectors - such as natural resources and mining and leisure and hospitality respectively. The overall positive effect then transitioned to a negative drag on local employment growth for a period of up to two years following the wildfire. We explore reasons why some sectors win while others lose and explanations for the lingering effects of a large wildfire on the economy as a whole. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nielsen-Pincus, Max] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Moseley, Cassandra] Univ Oregon, Inst Sustainable Environm, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Gebert, Krista] USDA Forest Serv, Reg Off, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Nielsen-Pincus, M (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM maxnp@pdx.edu FU US Department of Agriculture; US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program [11242309-069] FX We thank L. Leete, C. Chrisinger, E.J. Davis, A. Ellison, C.E. Evers, L. Podowski, and B. Rishel at the University of Oregon and P.J. Jakes at the US Forest Service Northern Research Station for their useful suggestions and technical assistance. We also greatly appreciate the three anonymous reviewers whose input helped improve the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program, grant number 11242309-069. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 38 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2013.08.010 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AA0WZ UT WOS:000330819400025 ER PT J AU Greene, JL Butler, BJ Catanzaro, PF Hewes, JH Kilgore, MA Kittredge, DB Ma, Z Tyrrell, ML AF Greene, John L. Butler, Brett J. Catanzaro, Paul F. Hewes, Jaketon H. Kilgore, Michael A. Kittredge, David B. Ma, Zhao Tyrrell, Mary L. TI Family forest owners and federal taxes SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Nonindustrial private forests; Federal tax; Income tax; Estate tax; Tax provisions; Focus groups ID TIMBER INVESTMENTS; INCENTIVES; LANDOWNERS; LIABILITIES; TAXATION; IMPACT; STATES AB Focus groups were conducted with family forest owners to investigate the effect of government tax policies on their decisions regarding their land. Two groups each were held in New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, Wisconsin, and Washington, USA, one with owners enrolled in the state preferential property tax program for forested land and one with owners who were not so enrolled. Each focus group consisted of 8-10 owners and lasted approximately 2 h. Overall, only two beneficial federal income tax provisions (treatment of timber income as a long-term capital gain and timber depletion deductions) and five federal estate tax provisions (the effective exemption for estates, the annual exclusion for gifts, use of a will, the step-up in basis for inherited assets, and the effective exemption for gifts) were brought up in over half of the groups. Groups composed of tax program enrollees tended to discuss federal income tax provisions more distinct times than those composed of tax program non-enrollees, and tended to be familiar with more federal estate tax provisions; otherwise, there was little difference between them. Misconceptions about tax provisions were common. As well, groups in every region noted the negative effects of tax uncertainty and that not all professionals are knowledgeable about federal taxes as they apply to family forest owners. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Greene, John L.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Catanzaro, Paul F.; Kittredge, David B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hewes, Jaketon H.] Univ Massachusetts, Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kilgore, Michael A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ma, Zhao] Utah State Univ, Quinney Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tyrrell, Mary L.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Greene, JL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM johnlgreene@fs.fed.us RI Ma, Zhao/M-7657-2013 OI Ma, Zhao/0000-0002-9103-3996 FU American Forest Foundation FX The American Forest Foundation provided funding for this study. The authors thank Judy Langer who facilitated the focus groups, the family forest owners who participated in the groups, and the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the quality of this paper. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 38 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2013.10.001 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AA0WZ UT WOS:000330819400027 ER PT J AU Lodge, DJ Padamsee, M Matheny, PB Aime, MC Cantrell, SA Boertmann, D Kovalenko, A Vizzini, A Dentinger, BTM Kirk, PM Ainsworth, AM Moncalvo, JM Vilgalys, R Larsson, E Lucking, R Griffith, GW Smith, ME Norvell, LL Desjardin, DE Redhead, SA Ovrebo, CL Lickey, EB Ercole, E Hughes, KW Courtecuisse, R Young, A Binder, M Minnis, AM Lindner, DL Ortiz-Santana, B Haight, J Laessoe, T Baroni, TJ Geml, J Hattori, T AF Lodge, D. Jean Padamsee, Mahajabeen Matheny, P. Brandon Aime, M. Catherine Cantrell, Sharon A. Boertmann, David Kovalenko, Alexander Vizzini, Alfredo Dentinger, Bryn T. M. Kirk, Paul M. Ainsworth, A. Martyn Moncalvo, Jean-Marc Vilgalys, Rytas Larsson, Ellen Luecking, Robert Griffith, Gareth W. Smith, Matthew E. Norvell, Lorelei L. Desjardin, Dennis E. Redhead, Scott A. Ovrebo, Clark L. Lickey, Edgar B. Ercole, Enrico Hughes, Karen W. Courtecuisse, Regis Young, Anthony Binder, Manfred Minnis, Andrew M. Lindner, Daniel L. Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz Haight, John Laessoe, Thomas Baroni, Timothy J. Geml, Jozsef Hattori, Tsutomu TI Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales) SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Hygrophoraceae; Fungi; Revisionary systematics; Nomenclatural revision; Phylogenetics; Pigment chemistry; Lamellar trama construction; Hymenial morphology; Ecology ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; SUBUNIT RDNA SEQUENCES; GROUP-I INTRONS; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; AMANITA-MUSCARIA; GREATER ANTILLES; NUCLEAR LARGE; CLITOCYBE-CLAVIPES; HYGROCYBE-CONICA AB Molecular phylogenies using 1-4 gene regions and information on ecology, morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family Hygro- phoraceae. The phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae based on these and previous analyses are: Acantholichen, Ampulloclitocybe, Arrhenia, Cantharellula, Cantharocybe, Chromosera, Chrysomphalina, Cora, Corella, Cuphophyllus, Cyphellostereum, Dictyonema, Eonema, Gliophorus, Haasiella, Humidicutis, Hygroaster, Hygrocybe, Hygrophorus, Lichenomphalia, Neohygrocybe, Porpolomopsis and Pseudoarmillariella. A new genus that is sister to Chromosera is described as Gloioxanthomyces. Revisions were made at the ranks of subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus, section and subsection. We present three new subfamilies, eight tribes (five new), eight subgenera (one new, one new combination and one stat. nov.), 26 sections (five new and three new combinations and two stat. nov.) and 14 subsections (two new, two stat. nov.). Species of Chromosera, Gliophorus, Humidicutis, and Neohygrocybe are often treated within the genus Hygrocybe; we therefore provide valid names in both classification systems. We used a minimalist approach in transferring genera and creating new names and combinations. Consequently, we retain in the Hygrophoraceae the basal cuphophylloid grade comprising the genera Cuphophyllus, Ampulloclitocybe and Cantharocybe, despite weak phylogenetic support. We include Aeruginospora and Semiomphalina in Hygrophoraceae based on morphology though molecular data are lacking. The lower hygrophoroid clade is basal to Hygrophoraceae s.s., comprising the genera Aphroditeola, Macrotyphula, Phyllotopsis, Pleurocybella, Sarcomyxa, Tricholomopsis and Typhula. C1 [Lodge, D. Jean] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, USDA, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Padamsee, Mahajabeen] Landcare Res, Systemat Team, Auckland 1072, New Zealand. [Matheny, P. Brandon; Hughes, Karen W.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Aime, M. Catherine] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cantrell, Sharon A.] Univ Turabo, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. [Boertmann, David] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Kovalenko, Alexander] Russian Acad Sci, Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Vizzini, Alfredo; Ercole, Enrico] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Sci Vita & Biol Sistemi, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Dentinger, Bryn T. M.; Kirk, Paul M.; Ainsworth, A. Martyn] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, England. [Moncalvo, Jean-Marc] Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Vilgalys, Rytas] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Larsson, Ellen] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Luecking, Robert] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Griffith, Gareth W.] Univ Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3DD, Dyfed, Wales. [Smith, Matthew E.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Norvell, Lorelei L.] Pacific Northwest Mycol Serv, Portland, OR 97229 USA. [Desjardin, Dennis E.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Redhead, Scott A.] Agr & Agri Foods, Natl Mycol Herbarium DAOM, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Ovrebo, Clark L.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. [Lickey, Edgar B.] Bridgewater State Coll, Dept Biol, Bridgewater, VA 22812 USA. [Courtecuisse, Regis] Fac Pharmaceut & Biol Sci, Dept Bot, Lille, France. [Binder, Manfred] Inst Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci KNAW, CBS Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Minnis, Andrew M.; Lindner, Daniel L.; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Haight, John] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Laessoe, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Baroni, Timothy J.] SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol Sci, Cortland, NY 13054 USA. [Geml, Jozsef] Sect Natl Herbarium Netherlands, Naturalis Biodivers Ctr, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Hattori, Tsutomu] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kansai Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Lodge, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, USDA, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. EM djlodge@caribe.net; PadamseeM@landcareresearch.co.nz RI Smith, Matthew/A-8115-2012; OI Smith, Matthew/0000-0002-0878-0932; Vizzini, Alfredo/0000-0001-8390-6446 FU Forest Products Laboratory; Defra; Natural England; Scottish Natural Heritage; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0620910]; IITF, USDA FS; US NSF Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories Program [DEB-9525902, DEB-0103621]; USDA-Forest Service, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory in Madison; US NSF [DBI 6338699]; National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration grant; Explorer's Club, Washington Group Exploration and Field Research Grant FX We thank the International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF), USDA Forest Service for maintaining facilities of the Center for Forest Mycology Research (CFMR) in Puerto Rico, and the Forest Products Laboratory for maintaining facilities and support at CFMR on the University of Wisconsin campus in Madison, WI. Dentinger and Ainsworth were partly supported by grants from Defra, Natural England and the Scottish Natural Heritage. A Long-Term Ecological Research grant DEB 0620910 from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) to the University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras in collaboration with IITF, USDA FS augmented laboratory equipment used in this research. The USDA Forest Service, CFMR, provided most of the support. This work was not directly supported by grants, but the following grants were essential in obtaining collections and some sequences used in this work: US NSF Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories Program grants to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York, College at Cortland (DEB-9525902 and DEB-0103621), in collaboration with the USDA-Forest Service, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory in Madison supported collecting in Belize, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. US NSF grant DBI 6338699 to K. W. Hughes and R. H. Peterson at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville supported collecting by E. Lickey, D.J. Lodge, K. W. Hughes, R. Kerrigan, A. Methven, V. P. Hustedt, P. B. Matheny and R. H. Petersen in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park, and sequencing by K. W. Hughes and Lickey. A National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration grant to T.J. Baroni (SUNY Cortland) supported the 2007 expedition to Doyle's Delight in Belize by M. C. Aime, T.J. Baroni and D.J. Lodge. An Explorer's Club, Washington Group Exploration and Field Research Grant to M. C. Aime and a National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration grant to T. Henkel supported collecting in Guyana. NR 329 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 EI 1878-9129 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s13225-013-0259-0 PG 99 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AA0SK UT WOS:000330807500001 ER PT J AU Crutcher, FK Liu, JG Puckhaber, LS Stipanovic, RD Duke, SE Bell, AA Williams, HJ Nichols, RL AF Crutcher, Frankie K. Liu, Jinggao Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Stipanovic, Robert D. Duke, Sara E. Bell, Alois A. Williams, Howard J. Nichols, Robert L. TI Conversion of Fusaric Acid to Fusarinol by Aspergillus tubingensis: A Detoxification Reaction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusaric acid; Fusarinol; Fusarium wilt; Phytotoxicity ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; F-SP VASINFECTUM; YARIV REAGENT; WILT; DEGRADATION; POPULATION; AUSTRALIA; CULTURES; TOXINS; COTTON AB The fungus Fusarium oxysporum causes wilt diseases of plants and produces a potent phytotoxin fusaric acid (FA), which is also toxic to many microorganisms. An Aspergillus tubingensis strain with high tolerance to FA was isolated from soil and designated as CDRAt01. HPLC analysis of culture filtrates from A. tubingensis isolate CDRAt01 grown with the addition of FA indicated the formation of a metabolite over time that was associated with a decrease of FA. Spectral analysis and chemical synthesis confirmed the compound as 5-butyl-2-pyridinemethanol, referred to here as fusarinol. The phytotoxicity of fusarinol compared to FA was measured by comparing necrosis induced in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312) cotyledons. Fusarinol was significantly less phytotoxic than FA. Therefore, the A. tubingensis strain provides a novel detoxification mechanism against FA which may be utilized to control Fusarium wilt. C1 [Crutcher, Frankie K.; Liu, Jinggao; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.; Stipanovic, Robert D.; Duke, Sara E.; Bell, Alois A.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Williams, Howard J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Liu, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jinggao.liu@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [0840464]; Cotton Incorporated FX The cryoprobe for the Avance III 500 was purchased with funds from the National Science Foundation (0840464). We thank Cotton Incorporated for their generous support of this research, and Stephanie Sullivan for HPLC analyses. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10886-013-0370-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA3JI UT WOS:000330988300009 PM 24352475 ER PT J AU Adamson, AJ Baranowski, T AF Adamson, A. J. Baranowski, T. TI Developing technological solutions for dietary assessment in children and young people SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOOD-INTAKE; PHOTOGRAPHS; RECALL C1 [Adamson, A. J.] Newcastle Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Adamson, A. J.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Baranowski, T.] USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Adamson, AJ (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. EM Ashley.Adamson@Newcastle.ac.uk; tbaranow@bcm.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222; Adamson, Ashley/0000-0003-3735-2846 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-3871 EI 1365-277X J9 J HUM NUTR DIET JI J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 SU 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1111/jhn.12206 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AA5JH UT WOS:000331131400001 PM 24450502 ER PT J AU Biltoft-Jensen, A Trolle, E Christensen, T Islam, N Andersen, LF Egenfeldt-Nielsen, S Tetens, I AF Biltoft-Jensen, A. Trolle, E. Christensen, T. Islam, N. Andersen, L. F. Egenfeldt-Nielsen, S. Tetens, I. TI WebDASC: a web-based dietary assessment software for 8-11-year-old Danish children SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE food record; recall; technology-based dietary assessment ID FOOD PORTION SIZE; SCHOOL-BREAKFAST; 13-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; RETENTION INTERVAL; ACCURACY; RECALLS; ADOLESCENTS; PHOTOGRAPHS; TOOLS AB Background: The present study describes the development and formative evaluation of the Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children (WebDASC). WebDASC is part of the OPUS project (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet') and was intended to measure dietary change resulting from a school-based intervention. Methods: WebDASC was developed as a self-administered tool that could be used by 8-11-year-old children with or without parent's aid. The development of WebDASC followed a prototyping approach: focus groups, informal interviews, literature review, and usability tests preceded its release. Special consideration was given to age-appropriate design issues. Results: In WebDASC an animated armadillo guides respondents through six daily eating occasions and helps them report foods and beverages previously consumed. A database of 1300 food items is available either through category browse or free text search, aided by a spell check application. A type-in format is available for foods not otherwise found through category browse or text search. Amount consumed is estimated by selecting the closest portion size among four different digital images. WebDASC includes internal checks for frequently forgotten foods, and the following features to create motivation: a food-meter displaying cumulative weight of foods reported, a most popular food ranking, and a computer game with a high score list. Conclusions: WebDASC was developed as an intuitive, cost-effective, and engaging method to collect detailed dietary data from 8- to 11-year-old children. Preliminary testing demonstrated that it was well accepted among children. C1 [Biltoft-Jensen, A.; Trolle, E.; Christensen, T.; Tetens, I.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Div Nutr, DK-2860 Soborg, Denmark. [Islam, N.] USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Andersen, L. F.] Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. [Egenfeldt-Nielsen, S.] Serious Games Interact, Copenhagen N, Denmark. RP Biltoft-Jensen, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Div Nutr, Morkhoj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Soborg, Denmark. EM apbj@food.dtu.dk OI Christensen, Tue/0000-0001-7693-7359 FU Nordea Foundation FX The authors declare that there are no conflictd of interest. The study is a part of the OPUS project. OPUS is an acronym for the 'Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet' project and is supported by a grant from the Nordea Foundation. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-3871 EI 1365-277X J9 J HUM NUTR DIET JI J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 SU 1 SI SI BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01257.x PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AA5JH UT WOS:000331131400007 PM 22594587 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Islam, N Douglass, D Dadabhoy, H Beltran, A Baranowski, J Thompson, D Cullen, KW Subar, AF AF Baranowski, T. Islam, N. Douglass, D. Dadabhoy, H. Beltran, A. Baranowski, J. Thompson, D. Cullen, K. W. Subar, A. F. TI Food Intake Recording Software System, version 4 (FIRSSt4): a self-completed 24-h dietary recall for children SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Review DE assessment; children; diet; recall; web-based ID 13-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; MEASUREMENT ERROR; ACCURACY; RELIABILITY; 4TH-GRADE; VALIDITY; STUDENTS AB The Food Intake Recording Software System, version 4 (firsst4), is a web-based 24-h dietary recall (24hdr) self-administered by children based on the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall (ASA24) (a self-administered 24hdr for adults). The food choices in firsst4 are abbreviated to include only those reported by children in US national surveys; and detailed food probe questions are simplified to exclude those that children could not be expected to answer (e.g. questions regarding food preparation and added fats). ASA24 and firsst4 incorporate 10000+ food images, with up to eight images per food, to assist in portion size estimation. We review the formative research conducted during the development of firsst4. When completed, firsst4 will be hosted and maintained for investigator use on the National Cancer Institute's ASA24 website. C1 [Baranowski, T.; Islam, N.; Douglass, D.; Dadabhoy, H.; Beltran, A.; Baranowski, J.; Thompson, D.; Cullen, K. W.] USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Subar, A. F.] Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch EPN 4005, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU National Cancer Institute [5 U01 CA130762-02]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This research was primarily funded by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (5 U01 CA130762-02). This work is also a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organisations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-3871 EI 1365-277X J9 J HUM NUTR DIET JI J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 SU 1 SI SI BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01251.x PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AA5JH UT WOS:000331131400009 PM 22616645 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Asao, S AF Ryan, Michael G. Asao, Shinichi TI Phloem transport in trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; HYDRAULIC LIMITATION; TURGOR PRESSURE; CARBON; FOREST; TRANSLOCATION; PLANTS; XYLEM; FLOW; RESPIRATION C1 [Ryan, Michael G.; Asao, Shinichi] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 89523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.; Asao, Shinichi] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 89523 USA. EM mike.ryan@colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Asao, Shinichi/R-9514-2016 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Asao, Shinichi/0000-0002-0334-5464 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0236502 0703561] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants DEB 0236502 0703561. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpt123 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AA2AI UT WOS:000330897100001 PM 24463392 ER PT J AU Woodruff, DR AF Woodruff, David R. TI The impacts of water stress on phloem transport in Douglas-fir trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; growth limitation; non-structural carbohydrates; Pseudotsuga menziesii; tree height ID HEIGHT-RELATED TRENDS; TALL CONIFER; SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT; PONDEROSA PINE; GROWTH; XYLEM; CARBON; CONDUCTANCE; CAPACITANCE; MECHANISMS AB Despite the critical role that phloem plays in a number of plant functional processes and the potential impact of water stress on phloem structural and phloem sap compositional characteristics, little research has been done to examine how water stress influences phloem transport. The objectives of this study were to develop a more accurate understanding of how water stress affects phloem transport in trees, both in terms of the short-term impacts of water stress on phloem sap composition and the longer-term impacts on sieve cell anatomical characteristics. Phloem sieve cell conductivity (k(p)) was evaluated along a gradient of tree height and xylem water potential in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees in order to evaluate the influence of water stress on phloem transport capacity. The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used with measurements of sieve cell anatomical characteristics, water content of phloem sap, non-structural carbohydrate content of phloem sap and shoot water potential (Psi(l)) to evaluate impacts of water stress on k(p). Based on regression analysis, for each 1 MPa decrease in mean midday Psi(l), sieve cell lumen radius decreased by 2.63 mu m MPa-1. Although there was no significant trend in sucrose content with decreasing Psi(l), glucose and fructose content increased significantly with water stress and sieve cell relative water content decreased by 13.5% MPa-1, leading to a significant increase in sugar molar concentration of 0.46 mol l(-1) MPa-1 and a significant increase in viscosity of 0.27 mPa s MPa-1. Modeled k(p) was significantly influenced both by trends in viscosity as well as by water stress-related trends in sieve cell anatomy. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Woodruff, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dwoodruff@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Ecological Process and Function Program FX This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service Ecological Process and Function Program. The author thanks the Wind River Field Station located within the Wind River Experimental Forest, T. T. Munger Research Natural Area for the use of the field site and for providing the soil moisture data. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 55 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpt106 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AA2AI UT WOS:000330897100002 PM 24336611 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, M Vanderborght, J Kostov, KG Jadoon, KZ Weihermuller, L Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Pachepsky, Y Schwank, M Vereecken, H AF Dimitrov, M. Vanderborght, J. Kostov, K. G. Jadoon, K. Z. Weihermueller, L. Jackson, T. J. Bindlish, R. Pachepsky, Y. Schwank, M. Vereecken, H. TI Soil Hydraulic Parameters and Surface Soil Moisture of a Tilled Bare Soil Plot Inversely Derived from L-Band Brightness Temperatures SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; MICROWAVE EMISSION; WATER-CONTENT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FIELD-SCALE; CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL; RADIOMETRY; ROUGHNESS; OBSERVATORIES AB We coupled a radiative transfer model and a soil hydrologic model (HYDRUS 1D) with an optimization routine to derive soil hydraulic parameters, surface roughness, and soil moisture of a tilled bare soil plot using measured brightness temperatures at 1.4 GHz (L-band), rainfall, and potential soil evaporation. The robustness of the approach was evaluated using five 28-d data sets representing different meteorological conditions. We considered two soil hydraulic property models: the unimodal Mualem-van Genuchten and the bimodal model of Durner. Microwave radiative transfer was modeled by three different approaches: the Fresnel equation with depth-averaged dielectric permittivity of either 2- or 5-cm-thick surface layers and a coherent radiative transfer model (CRTM) that accounts for vertical gradients in dielectric permittivity. Brightness temperatures simulated by the CRTM and the 2-cm-layer Fresnel model fitted well to the measured ones. L-band brightness temperatures are therefore related to the dielectric permittivity and soil moisture in a 2-cm-thick surface layer. The surface roughness parameter that was derived from brightness temperatures using inverse modeling was similar to direct estimates from laser profiler measurements. The laboratory-derived water retention curve was bimodal and could be retrieved consistently for the different periods from brightness temperatures using inverse modeling. A unimodal soil hydraulic property function underestimated the hydraulic conductivity near saturation. Surface soil moisture contents simulated using retrieved soil hydraulic parameters were compared with in situ measurements. Depth-specific calibration relations were essential to derive soil moisture from near-surface installed sensors. C1 [Dimitrov, M.; Vanderborght, J.; Jadoon, K. Z.; Weihermueller, L.; Vereecken, H.] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Bio & Geosci, Agrosphere IBG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Kostov, K. G.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Jadoon, K. Z.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Water Desalinat & Reuse Ctr, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Jackson, T. J.; Bindlish, R.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pachepsky, Y.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schwank, M.] Swiss Fed Inst WSL Mt Hydrol & Torrents, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Schwank, M.] Gamma Remote Sensing AG, CH-3073 Gumlingen, Switzerland. RP Vanderborght, J (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Inst Bio & Geosci, Agrosphere IBG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM j.vanderborght@fz-juelich.de RI Bihn, Jochen/I-3491-2012; OI Bihn, Jochen/0000-0002-6717-6786; Vanderborght, Jan/0000-0001-7381-3211 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [FOR 1083] FX This study is a part of the research unit FOR 1083 MUSIS (Multi-Scale Interfaces in Unsaturated Soil) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). We thank Prof. Dr. P.-S. Lammers and Dr. Lutz Damerow (Institute of Agriculture Engineering) for providing the laser profiler. We thank the team of H. Jagdfeld (Central Institute of Technology, Research Centre Julich) for the development of the holding construction of the radiometer; the team of A. Egmen and D. Schnabel (technician workshop of IBG, Research Centre Julich) for building the holding construction of the radiometer. We thank C. Steenpass, Dr. U. Rosenbaum, and Dr. F. Jonard for support during the development of the inversion approach. We thank the technician staff of the Agrosphere Institute, especially R. Harms and F. Engels, for technical support during the measurements; A. Langen for laboratory measurements of the soil hydraulic properties, and N. Hermes for the logging software for the radiometer data. M. Dimitrov thanks Dr. S. Huisman, Dr. A. Graf, Dr. J. Bikowski, Dr. I. Mladenova and Dr. Th. Holmes for all of the consultations and the model improvement. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2013.04.0075 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AA3CY UT WOS:000330971700007 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Casanova, JJ Bell, JM Evett, SR AF Schwartz, R. C. Casanova, J. J. Bell, J. M. Evett, S. R. TI A Reevaluation of Time Domain Reflectometry Propagation Time Determination in Soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is an established method for the determination of apparent dielectric permittivity and water content in soils. Using current waveform interpretation procedures, signal attenuation and variation in dielectric media properties along the transmission line can significantly increase sampling error in estimating the time, t(2), at which the pulse arrives at the end of the probe. Additionally, manual adjustment of waveform analysis parameters is frequently required in current software to accommodate changes in media properties when processing large time series of TDR measurements. Our objectives were to reevaluate conventional propagation time analysis and difficulties with these methods, introduce the AWIGF (adaptive waveform interpretation with Gaussian filtering) algorithm that circumvents these problems, and compare interpretation methods using waveforms obtained with different TDR instruments and under widely varying media properties. The AWIGF algorithm filters signal noise using Gaussian kernels with an adaptively estimated standard deviation based on the maximum gradient of the reflection at the termination of the probe. Two fitted parameters are required to scale the smoothing level for a given step pulse generator. Additionally, the maximum second derivative is used to evaluate t(2). The AWIGF-determined t(2) was compared with TACQ, a standard waveform interpretation algorithm. The strategies of AWIGF permitted the determination of t(2) without parameter adjustment when the loss characteristics of the medium changed, such as with an increase in soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity. Using the new method, the sampling error of t(2) was <0.06 ns across a wide range of medium properties and less than or equal to that obtained with TACQ. In strongly attenuated waveforms, the water content sampling error determined with AWIGF was 0.005 m(3) m(-3) compared with 0.038 m(3) m(-3) obtained using TACQ. C1 [Schwartz, R. C.; Casanova, J. J.; Bell, J. M.; Evett, S. R.] USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2013.07.0135 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AA3CY UT WOS:000330971700010 ER PT J AU Wang, YS Bradford, SA Simunek, J AF Wang, Yusong Bradford, Scott A. Simunek, Jiri TI Physicochemical Factors Influencing the Preferential Transport of Escherichia coli in Soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSIENT-CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; MACROPORE CONTINUITY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; COLLOID MOBILIZATION; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; VADOSE ZONE; WATER-FLOW; BACTERIA AB Laboratory and numerical studies were conducted to investigate the transport and release of Escherichia coli D21g in preferential flow systems with artificial macropores under different ionic strength (IS) conditions. Macropores were created by embedding coarse sand lenses in a fine sand matrix and altering the length, continuity, and vertical position of the lens. The length of an artificial macropore proved to have a great impact on the preferential transport of E. coli D21g, especially under high-IS conditions. A discontinuous macropore (interrupted by fine sand) was found to have less preferential transport of E. coli D21g than a continuous macropore of the same length that was open to either the top or bottom boundary. At low IS, more extensive transport in the preferential path and earlier arrival time were observed for E. coli D21g than Br- as a result of size exclusion. Two release pulses (one from the preferential path and the other from the matrix) were observed following a reduction of the solution IS for flow systems with macropores that were open to either the top or bottom boundary, whereas three pulses (two from the preferential path and another from the matrix) were observed for systems with discontinuous macropores. Numerical simulations of E. coli D21g under both constant and transient solution chemistry conditions had very high agreement with the experiment data, except for their capability to predict some subtle differences in transport between the various lens configurations. C1 [Wang, Yusong; Simunek, Jiri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Ywang032@ucr.edu FU USDA-ARS [NP 214] FX We would like to acknowledge Teresa Clapp for her help in conducting some of the transport experiments. This research was supported by the USDA-ARS, NP 214. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 36 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2013.07.0120 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AA3CY UT WOS:000330971700009 ER PT J AU Muhammad, A Jones, K Hagerman, A AF Muhammad, Andrew Jones, Keithly Hagerman, Amy TI Theme Issue Overview: Emerging Issues in Global Animal Product Trade SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In this special issue of Agribusiness: An International Journal we focus on emerging issues in global animal product trade, the theme of a conference hosted by the Economic Research Service (ERS), U.S. Department of Agriculture on September 27-28, 2012 in Washington, DC, in partnership with Farm Foundation, NFP, the Larry Combest Endowed Chair for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University, and the S-1043 Regional Research Group. The articles in this special issue highlight a range of factors affecting animal product trade such as import standards and regulations, import bans, preferential trade agreements, price transmission and volatility, exchange rate volatility, and demand growth in emerging markets. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Muhammad, Andrew; Jones, Keithly] Econ Res Serv, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Hagerman, Amy] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Muhammad, A (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, 355 E ST SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM amuhammad@ers.usda.gov; kjones@ers.usda.gov; amy.d.hagerman@aphis.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-4477 EI 1520-6297 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1002/agr.21369 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 302WF UT WOS:000330635100001 ER PT J AU Taha, FA Hahn, WF AF Taha, Fawzi A. Hahn, William F. TI The Impact of BSE on U.S. Exports of Beef and Pork SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; COINTEGRATION VECTORS; MEAT; DEMAND; DISEASE; MARKET; JAPAN AB An augmented vector-autoregressive (VAR) model relating pre- and post-BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) exports of U.S. beef meat, beef offal, pork meat, and pork offal was used to test for structural changes following an outbreak of BSE in the United States in December 2003. The VAR, exogenous variablesintercepts, seasonal dummies, and export unit value first lagsand covariance estimates all had statistically significant changes for each of the four types of exports, indicating that BSE caused structural changes in U.S. exports of the four meats. To demonstrate the effects of these coefficient-estimate shifts, post-BSE exports were forecast using both sets of coefficients, the pre- and post-BSE periods. These forecasts were in concordance with actual U.S. export data, showing that the structural changes lead to a decrease in U.S. beef meat and offal exports and a strong increase in U.S. pork meat and offal exports in the post-BSE years. [Econ Lit Classification: F140, F170, and Q170.]. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Taha, Fawzi A.; Hahn, William F.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Taha, FA (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM Ftaha@ers.usda.gov; Whahn@ers.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-4477 EI 1520-6297 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1002/agr.21367 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 302WF UT WOS:000330635100002 ER PT J AU Davis, CG Muhammad, A Karemera, D Harvey, D AF Davis, Christopher G. Muhammad, Andrew Karemera, David Harvey, David TI The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on World Broiler Trade SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID RATE UNCERTAINTY; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; AGRICULTURAL TRADE; GRAVITY EQUATION; VEGETABLE TRADE; FLOWS; EXPORTS AB Studies of how exchange rate volatility affects aggregate trade flows implicitly assume a uniform response across individual sectors. This is highly unlikely given that the responsiveness of trade to exchange rate fluctuations could depend on the biological, marketing, and economic factors specific to a commodity. Consequently, we focused solely on broilers for this analysis, which is a leading sector in global meat trade. Using a gravity model, we assessed how two measures of exchange rate volatility (short- and long-run) affect cross-partner broiler trade. Our results indicated that long-run exchange rate volatility has a negative and significant effect on broiler trade, albeit small when compared to the effects of population, regionalization, and sharing a common border; the short-run effect of exchange rate volatility was insignificant. Overall, results suggest that exchange rate volatility has little or no effect on bilateral broiler trade. [EconLit citations: C32, F14, Q17]. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Davis, Christopher G.; Muhammad, Andrew; Harvey, David] Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Karemera, David] South Carolina State Univ, Sch Business, Orangeburg, SC USA. RP Davis, CG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, 355 E ST SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM chrisdavis@ers.usda.gov; amuhammad@ers.usda.gov; karemera@scsu.edu; djharvey@ers.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-4477 EI 1520-6297 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1002/agr.21366 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 302WF UT WOS:000330635100005 ER PT J AU Jones, KG Blayney, D AF Jones, Kiethly G. Blayney, Don TI Assessing Changes in Dairy Product Import Demand: The Case of South Korea with Implementation of the KORUS FTA SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article AB The impacts of implementing the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) on South Korea's dairy trade are assessed in this study based on empirical estimates of short-run and long-run source-based import demand parameters for three major imported dairy products. These estimates were derived using the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) demand system model. The impacts of the tariff reductions associated with the KORUS FTA were calculated. The results suggest that the KORUS FTA will open South Korean dairy product markets primarily by reducing import prices of international suppliers' products. The altered import relationships among those suppliers raises overall dairy product imports into South Korea. [EconLit Classifications: F14, Q17]. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Jones, Kiethly G.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Blayney, Don] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Jones, KG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 355 E ST SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM kjones@ers.usda.gov; dblayney@nmsu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-4477 EI 1520-6297 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1002/agr.21370 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 302WF UT WOS:000330635100008 ER PT J AU Evans, KO Laszlo, JA Compton, DL AF Evans, Kervin O. Laszlo, Joseph A. Compton, David L. TI Carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimer interaction with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphocholine bilayers SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE 1-Palmitoy1-2-oleoyl phosphocholine bilayer; Carboxyl-terminated dendrimer; QCMD; Fluorescence; AFM ID SUPPORTED LIPID-BILAYERS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; SILICON DIOXIDE; DRUG-DELIVERY; POLYAMIDOAMINE DENDRIMERS; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; MEMBRANES; LIPOSOMES; ADSORPTION AB Polyanionic polymers and liposomes have a great potential use as individual drug delivery systems and greater potential as a combined drug delivery system. Thus, it is important to better understand the interactions of polymers with phospholipid bilayers. A mechanistic study of the interaction between carboxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with 1-palmitoy1-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayer using fluorescence leakage and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCMD) was conducted. Fluorescence leakage experiments demonstrated that carboxyl-terminated generation 2 (G2-COOH) dendrimers caused increased liposome leakage with increasing dendrimer concentration over a 0 to 20 1.14 range. Generation 5 (G5-COOH), on the other hand, reduced leakage over the same concentration range, presumably by increasing lipid packing. QCMD and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements demonstrated that G2-COOH interacting with supported bilayers resulted in small defects with some mass loss and no adsorption. In contrast, G5-COOH interaction with a bilayer resulted in adsorption and local bilayer swelling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Evans, Kervin O.; Laszlo, Joseph A.; Compton, David L.] USDA ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evans, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kervin.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 1838 IS 1 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.08.012 PN B PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA AA0UX UT WOS:000330814000038 PM 23994096 ER PT J AU Frank, DL Zhang, AJ Wright, SE Frank, JS Walgenbach, JF Bergh, JC Leskey, TC AF Frank, Daniel L. Zhang, Aijun Wright, Starker E. Frank, Jessica S. Walgenbach, James F. Bergh, J. Christopher Leskey, Tracy C. TI Effect of a Pheromone Antagonist-based Disruption Blend on Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Mate-finding and Infestation in a Commercial Apple Orchard SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; mating disruption; pheromone antagonist; geostatistics ID SYNANTHEDON-SCITULA; MATING DISRUPTION; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; NEW-YORK; MANAGEMENT; ROOTSTOCKS; BIOLOGY; DAMAGE; TREES; MOTH AB The effect of a pheromone antagonist-based disruption blend on disruption of dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris), mate-finding behavior and incidence of infestation was evaluated in a commercial apple orchard from 2006 - 2008. Although the pheromone antagonist based disruption blend treatment significantly disrupted-male-mate-finding behavior during-each year of the study, there was a significant increase in the percentage of infested trees from the start to the conclusion of the experiment, likely due to the immigration of mated females from surrounding untreated orchard blocks. In 2007, pheromone-baited traps deployed in an east west transect through the study area showed that capture of male moths increased as the distance from the disruption plot increased. The results of geostatistical analysis indicated that there were high degrees of aggregation in dogwood borer infestations in the study area, with ranges of spatial autocorrelation from 10.2 - 22.5 m. For each year, the spatial distribution of larval infestation was best described by the exponential semiovariogram model. Interpolated surface maps revealed areas of high infestation levels, which were more prevalent within the control 2 plot in 2006 and 2007. Infestation sites increased in size and intensity each year of the study in the disruption and control 1 plot. C1 [Frank, Daniel L.] W Virginia Univ, Extens Serv, Agr & Nat Resources Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Zhang, Aijun] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wright, Starker E.; Frank, Jessica S.; Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Walgenbach, James F.] N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. [Bergh, J. Christopher] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. RP Frank, DL (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Extens Serv, Agr & Nat Resources Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM dlfrank@mail.wvu.edu FU USDA-CSREES PMAP [2007-34381-18096] FX The authors thank Toni Hancock and John Cullum for excellent technical assistance. This project was funded in part by USDA-CSREES PMAP award #2007-34381-18096. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 304KN UT WOS:000330745900005 ER PT J AU Gassman, PW Sadeghi, AM Srinivasan, R AF Gassman, Philip W. Sadeghi, Ali M. Srinivasan, Raghavan TI Applications of the SWAT Model Special Section: Overview and Insights SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; TILE DRAIN EQUATIONS; CURVE NUMBER METHOD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RUNOFF SIMULATION; SEDIMENT YIELD; QUALITY MODEL; RIVER-BASIN; GREEN-AMPT; SOIL AB The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has emerged as one of the most widely used water quality watershed- and river basin-scale models worldwide, applied extensively for a broad range of hydrologic and/or environmental problems. The international use of SWAT can be attributed to its flexibility in addressing water resource problems, extensive networking via dozens of training workshops and the several international conferences that have been held during the past decade, comprehensive online documentation and supporting software, and an open source code that can be adapted by model users for specific application needs. The catalyst for this special collection of papers was the 2011 International SWAT Conference & Workshops held in Toledo, Spain, which featured over 160 scientific presentations representing SWAT applications in 37 countries. This special collection presents 22 specific SWAT-related studies, most of which were presented at the 2011 SWAT Conference; it represents SWAT applications on five different continents, with the majority of studies being conducted in Europe and North America. The papers cover a variety of topics, including hydrologic testing at a wide range of watershed scales, transport of pollutants in northern European lowland watersheds, data input and routing method effects on sediment transport, development and testing of potential new model algorithms, and description and testing of supporting software. In this introduction to the special section, we provide a synthesis of these studies within four main categories: (i) hydrologic foundations, (ii) sediment transport and routing analyses, (iii) nutrient and pesticide transport, and (iv) scenario analyses. We conclude with a brief summary of key SWAT research and development needs. C1 [Gassman, Philip W.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sadeghi, Ali M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Gassman, PW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM pwgassma@iastate.edu RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 54 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 15 U2 68 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.11.0466 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600001 PM 25602534 ER PT J AU Beeson, PC Sadeghi, AM Lang, MW Tomer, MD Daughtry, CST AF Beeson, Peter C. Sadeghi, Ali M. Lang, Megan W. Tomer, Mark D. Daughtry, Craig S. T. TI Sediment Delivery Estimates in Water Quality Models Altered by Resolution and Source of Topographic Data SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; SOIL LOSS EQUATION; INPUT DATA; MAP SCALE; CONSERVATION; SIMULATIONS; OUTPUT; LEVEL; LOADS; FIELD AB Moderate-resolution (30-m) digital elevation models (DEMs) are normally used to estimate slope for the parameterization of non-point source, process-based water quality models. These models, such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), use the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Modified USLE to estimate sediment loss. The slope length and steepness factor, a critical parameter in USLE, significantly affects sediment loss estimates. Depending on slope range, a twofold difference in slope estimation potentially results in as little as 50% change or as much as 250% change in the LS factor and subsequent sediment estimation. Recently, the availability of much finer-resolution (similar to 3 m) DEMs derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data has increased. However, the use of these data may not always be appropriate because slope values derived from fine spatial resolution DEMs are usually significantly higher than slopes derived from coarser DEMs. This increased slope results in considerable variability in modeled sediment output. This paper addresses the implications of parameterizing models using slope values calculated from DEMs with different spatial resolutions (90, 30, 10, and 3 m) and sources. Overall, we observed over a 2.5-fold increase in slope when using a 3-m instead of a 90-m DEM, which increased modeled soil loss using the USLE calculation by 130%. Care should be taken when using LiDAR-derived DEMs to parameterize water quality models because doing so can result in significantly higher slopes, which considerably alter modeled sediment loss. C1 [Beeson, Peter C.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tomer, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Beeson, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pbeeson@alumni.bates.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0148 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600004 PM 25602537 ER PT J AU Bonuma, NB Rossi, CG Arnold, JG Reichert, JM Minella, JP Allen, PM Volk, M AF Bonuma, Nadia B. Rossi, Colleen G. Arnold, Jeffrey G. Reichert, Jose M. Minella, Jean P. Allen, Peter M. Volk, Martin TI Simulating Landscape Sediment Transport Capacity by Using a Modified SWAT Model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION MODEL; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; OVERLAND-FLOW; HILLSLOPE; DELIVERY; SCALE; AUTOCALIBRATION; CATCHMENT; ANSWERS AB Sediment delivery from hillslopes to rivers is spatially variable and may lead to long-term delays between initial erosion and related sediment yield at the watershed outlet. Consideration of spatial variability is important for developing sound strategies for water quality improvement and soil protection at the watershed scale. Hence, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was modified and tested in this study to simulate the landscape transport capacity of sediment. The study area was the steeply sloped Arroio Lino watershed in southern Brazil. Observed sediment yield data at the watershed outlet were used to calibrate and validate a modified SWAT model. For the calibration period, the modified model performed better than the unaltered SWAT2009 version; the models achieved Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values of 0.7 and -0.1, respectively. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies were less for the validation period, but the modified model's NSE was higher than the unaltered model (-1.4 and -12.1, respectively). Despite the relatively low NSE values, the results of this first test are promising because the model modifications lowered the percent bias in sediment yield from 73 to 18%. Simulation results for the modified model indicated that approximately 60% of the mobilized soil is deposited along the landscape before it reaches the river channels. This research demonstrates the modified model's ability to simulate sediment yield in watersheds with steep slopes. The results suggest that integration of the sediment deposition routine in SWAT increases accuracy in steeper areas while significantly improving its ability to predict the spatial distribution of sediment deposition areas. Further work is needed regarding (i) improved strategies for spatially distributed sediment transport measurements (for improving process knowledge and model evaluation) and (ii) extensive model tests in other well instrumented experimental watersheds with differing topographic configurations and land uses. C1 [Bonuma, Nadia B.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Technol, BR-88040400 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Rossi, Colleen G.; Arnold, Jeffrey G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Reichert, Jose M.; Minella, Jean P.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dep Soils, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Allen, Peter M.] Baylor Univ, Dep Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Volk, Martin] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dep Computat Landscape Ecol, Leipzig, Germany. RP Rossi, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM cole.rossi@ars.usda.gov RI Volk, Martin/F-1172-2010; Reichert, Jose/F-2393-2014; Reichert, Jose Miguel/F-8189-2012 OI Volk, Martin/0000-0003-0064-8133; Reichert, Jose/0000-0003-3130-5264; NR 51 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0217 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600007 PM 25602540 ER PT J AU Jeong, J Kannan, N Arnold, JG AF Jeong, Jaehak Kannan, Narayanan Arnold, Jeffery G. TI Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change on Stream Health in North-Central Texas SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; IMPACTS; COVER; USA AB Estimation of stream health involves the analysis of changes in aquatic species, riparian vegetation, microinvertebrates, and channel degradation due to hydrologic changes occurring from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we quantified stream health changes arising from urbanization and climate change using a combination of the widely accepted Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) and Dundee Hydrologic Regime Assessment Method (DHRAM) on a rapidly urbanized watershed in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area in Texas. Historical flow data were split into pre-alteration and post-alteration periods. The influence of climate change on stream health was analyzed by dividing the precipitation data into three groups of dry, average, and wet conditions based on recorded annual precipitation. Hydrologic indicators were evaluated for all three of the climate scenarios to estimate the stream health changes brought about by climate change. The effect of urbanization on stream health was analyzed for a specific subwatershed where urbanization occurred dramatically but no stream flow data were available using the widely used watershed-scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The results of this study identify negative impacts to stream health with increasing urbanization and indicate that dry weather has more impact on stream health than wet weather. The IHA-DHRAM approach and SWAT model prove to be useful tools to estimate stream health at the watershed scale. C1 [Jeong, Jaehak; Kannan, Narayanan] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, Jeffery G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Jeong, J (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jjeong@brc.tamus.edu FU USEPA Region 6 FX The authors thank USEPA Region 6 for funding this study and the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0345 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600011 PM 25602544 ER PT J AU Santhi, C Kannan, N White, M Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG Wang, X Williams, JR AF Santhi, C. Kannan, N. White, M. Di Luzio, M. Arnold, J. G. Wang, X. Williams, J. R. TI An Integrated Modeling Approach for Estimating the Water Quality Benefits of Conservation Practices at the River Basin Scale SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; UNITED-STATES; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; SWAT MODEL; LOAD; APEX; TERM; SOIL; CALIBRATION; SIMULATION AB The USDA initiated the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) to quantify the environmental benefits of conservation practices at regional and national scales. For this assessment, a sampling and modeling approach is used. This paper provides a technical overview of the modeling approach used in CEAP cropland assessment to estimate the off-site water quality benefits of conservation practices using the Ohio River Basin (ORB) as an example. The modeling approach uses a farm-scale model, Agricultural Policy Environmental Extender (APEX), and a watershed scale model (the Soil and Water Assessment Tool [SWAT]) and databases in the Hydrologic Unit Modeling for the United States system. Databases of land use, soils, land use management, topography, weather, point sources, and atmospheric depositions were developed to derive model inputs. APEX simulates the cultivated cropland, Conserve Reserve Program land, and the practices implemented on them, whereas SWAT simulates the noncultivated land (e.g., pasture, range, urban, and forest) and point sources. Simulation results from APEX are input into SWAT. SWAT routes all sources, including APEX's, to the basin outlet through each eight-digit watershed. Each basin is calibrated for stream flow, sediment, and nutrient loads at multiple gaging sites and turned in for simulating the effects of conservation practice scenarios on water quality. Results indicate that sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads delivered to the Mississippi River from ORB could be reduced by 16, 15, and 23%, respectively, due to current conservation practices. Modeling tools are useful to provide science-based information for assessing existing conservation programs, developing future programs, and developing insights on load reductions necessary for hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Santhi, C.; Kannan, N.; Di Luzio, M.; Wang, X.; Williams, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [White, M.; Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Santhi, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM csanthi@brc.tamus.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank the United States Department of Agriculture for providing funding for this research as part of Conservation Effects Assessment Project; Drs. Jay Atwood, Lee Norfleet, Robert Kellogg, and Mr. Daryl Lund of the USDA-NRCS for their technical contributions and guidance; the United States Geological Survey and other agencies for providing access to some of the data required for this project; and Dr. David Baker and the Scientific Team of the National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University for providing the water quality data for three stations in the Ohio River Basin. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 177 EP 198 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0460 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600018 PM 25602551 ER PT J AU White, MJ Harmel, RD Arnold, JG Williams, JR AF White, Michael J. Harmel, R. Daren Arnold, Jeff G. Williams, Jimmy R. TI SWAT Check: A Screening Tool to Assist Users in the Identification of Potential Model Application Problems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-RETENTION; NUTRIENT LOAD; UNITED-STATES AB The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a basin-scale hydrologic model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. SWAT's broad applicability, user-friendly model interfaces, and automatic calibration software have led to a rapid increase in the number of new users. These advancements also allow less experienced users to conduct SWAT modeling applications. In particular, the use of automated calibration software may produce simulated values that appear appropriate because they adequately mimic measured data used in calibration and validation. Autocalibrated model applications (and often those of unexperienced modelers) may contain input data errors and inappropriate parameter adjustments not readily identified by users or the autocalibration software. The objective of this research was to develop a program to assist users in the identification of potential model application problems. The resulting "SWAT Check" is a stand-alone Microsoft Windows program that (i) reads selected SWAT output and alerts users of values outside the typical range; (ii) creates process-based figures for visualization of the appropriateness of output values, including important outputs that are commonly ignored; and (iii) detects and alerts users of common model application errors. By alerting users to potential model application problems, this software should assist the SWAT community in developing more reliable modeling applications. C1 [White, Michael J.; Harmel, R. Daren; Arnold, Jeff G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Williams, Jimmy R.] Texas AgriLIFE Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mike.white@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0039 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600020 PM 25602553 ER PT J AU White, MJ Storm, DE Mittelstet, A Busteed, PR Haggard, BE Rossi, C AF White, Michael J. Storm, Daniel E. Mittelstet, Aaron Busteed, Philip R. Haggard, Brian E. Rossi, Colleen TI Development and Testing of an In-Stream Phosphorus Cycling Model for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE APPROACH; SWAT MODEL; CATCHMENT; DYNAMICS; PHOSPHATE; SIMULATIONS; RETENTION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; RIVERS AB The Soil and Water Assessment Tool is widely used to predict the fate and transport of phosphorus (P) from the landscape through streams and rivers. The current in-stream P submodel may not be suitable for many stream systems, particularly those dominated by attached algae and those affected by point sources. In this research, we developed an alternative submodel based on the equilibrium P concentration concept coupled with a particulate scour and deposition model. This submodel was integrated with the SWAT model and applied to the Illinois River Watershed in Oklahoma, a basin influenced by waste water treatment plant discharges and extensive poultry litter application. The model was calibrated and validated using measured data. Highly variable in-stream P concentrations and equilibrium P concentration values were predicted spatially and temporally. The model also predicted the gradual storage of P in streambed sediments and the resuspension of this P during periodic high-flow flushing events. Waste water treatment plants were predicted to have a profound effect on P dynamics in the Illinois River due to their constant discharge even under base flow conditions. A better understanding of P dynamics in stream systems using the revised submodel may lead to the development of more effective mitigation strategies to control the impact of P from point and nonpoint sources. C1 [White, Michael J.; Rossi, Colleen] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Storm, Daniel E.; Mittelstet, Aaron] Oklahoma State Univ, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dep, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Busteed, Philip R.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Haggard, Brian E.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Water Resources Ctr, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mike.white@ars.usda.gov FU Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was funded by the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0348 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600021 PM 25602554 ER PT J AU White, MJ Storm, DE Smolen, MD Busteed, PR Zhang, HL Fox, GA AF White, Michael J. Storm, Daniel E. Smolen, Michael D. Busteed, Philip R. Zhang, Hailin Fox, Garey A. TI Validation of a Quantitative Phosphorus Loss Assessment Tool SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; BROILER LITTER; POULTRY LITTER; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; NORTHWEST ARKANSAS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; PASTURE FIELDS; UNITED-STATES; SWAT MODEL; QUALITY AB Pasture Phosphorus Management Plus (PPM Plus) is a tool that allows nutrient management and conservation planners to evaluate phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields. This tool uses a modified version of the widely used Soil and Water Assessment Tool model with a vastly simplified interface. The development of PPM Plus has been fully described in previous publications; in this article we evaluate the accuracy of PPM Plus using 286 field-years of runoff, sediment, and P validation data from runoff studies at various locations in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Georgia. Land uses include pasture, small grains, and row crops with rainfall ranging from 630 to 1390 mm yr(-1), with and without animal manure application. PPM Plus explained 68% of the variability in total P loss, 56% of runoff, and 73% of the variability of sediment yield. An empirical model developed from these data using soil test P, total applied P, slope, and precipitation only accounted for 15% of the variability in total P loss, which implies that a process-based model is required to account for the diversity present in these data. PPM Plus is an easy-to-use conservation planning tool for P loss prediction, which, with modification, could be applicable at the regional and national scales. C1 [White, Michael J.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Storm, Daniel E.; Smolen, Michael D.; Busteed, Philip R.; Zhang, Hailin; Fox, Garey A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mike.white@ars.usda.gov FU Oklahoma Conservation Commission; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VI; Oklahoma State University Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank the Oklahoma Conservation Commission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VI, and the Oklahoma State University Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Agricultural Experiment Station for funding this work. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0434 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600022 PM 25602555 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Dick, WA AF Watts, Dexter B. Dick, Warren A. TI Sustainable Uses of FGD Gypsum in Agricultural Systems: Introduction SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FLUE-GAS DESULFURIZATION; SUBSOIL CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; FECAL BACTERIA; CALCIUM APPLICATION; ROOT ELONGATION; SOIL PROPERTIES; POULTRY LITTER; SULFUR SOURCES; WATER-QUALITY; SEX-HORMONES AB Interest in using gypsum as a management tool to improve crop yields and soil and water quality has recently increased. Abundant supply and availability of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a by-product of scrubbing sulfur from combustion gases at coal-fired power plants, in major agricultural producing regions within the last two decades has attributed to this interest. Currently, published data on the long-term sustainability of FGD gypsum use in agricultural systems is limited. This has led to organization of the American Society of Agronomy's Community "By-product Gypsum Uses in Agriculture" and a special collection of nine technical research articles on various issues related to FGD gypsum uses in agricultural systems. A brief review of FGD gypsum, rationale for the special collection, overviews of articles, knowledge gaps, and future research directions are presented in this introductory paper. The nine articles are focused in three general areas: (i) mercury and other trace element impacts, (ii) water quality impacts, and (iii) agronomic responses and soil physical changes. While this is not an exhaustive review of the topic, results indicate that FGD gypsum use in sustainable agricultural production systems is promising. The environmental impacts of FGD gypsum are mostly positive, with only a few negative results observed, even when applied at rates representing cumulative 80-year applications. Thus, FGD gypsum, if properly managed, seems to represent an important potential input into agricultural systems. C1 [Watts, Dexter B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Dick, Warren A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Dexter.Watts@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 49 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 246 EP 252 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.09.0357 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600024 PM 25602557 ER PT J AU Chen, LM Kost, D Tian, YQ Guo, XL Watts, D Norton, D Wolkowski, RP Dick, WA AF Chen, Liming Kost, Dave Tian, Yongqiang Guo, Xiaolu Watts, Dexter Norton, Darrell Wolkowski, Richard P. Dick, Warren A. TI Effects of Gypsum on Trace Metals in Soils and Earthworms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EISENIA-FOETIDA; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION AB Mined gypsum has been beneficially used for many years as an agricultural amendment. A large amount of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is produced by removal of SO2 from flue gas streams when fuels with high S content are burned. The FGD gypsum, similar to mined gypsum, can enhance crop production. However, information is lacking concerning the potential environmental impacts of trace metals, especially Hg, in the FGD gypsum. Flue gas desulfurization and mined gypsums were evaluated to determine their ability to affect concentrations of Hg and other trace elements in soils and earthworms. The study was conducted at four field sites across the United States (Ohio, Indiana, Alabama, and Wisconsin). The application rates of gypsums ranged from 2.2 Mg ha(-1) in Indiana to 20 Mg ha(-1) in Ohio and Alabama. These rates are 2 to 10 times higher than typically recommended. The lengths of time from gypsum application to soil and earthworm sampling were 5 and 18 mo in Ohio, 6 mo in Indiana, 11 mo in Alabama, and 4 mo in Wisconsin. Earthworm numbers and biomass were decreased by FGD and mined gypsums in Ohio. Among all the elements examined, Hg was slightly increased in soils and earthworms in the FGD gypsum treatments compared with the control and the mined gypsum treatments. The differences were not statistically significant except for the Hg concentration in the soil at the Wisconsin site. Selenium in earthworms in the FGD gypsum treatments was statistically higher than in the controls but not higher than in the mined gypsum treatments at the Indiana and Wisconsin sites. Bioaccumulation factors for nondepurated earthworms were statistically similar or lower for the FGD gypsum treatments compared with the controls for all elements. Use of FGD gypsum at normal recommended agricultural rates seems not to have a significant impact on concentrations of trace metals in earthworms and soils. C1 [Chen, Liming; Kost, Dave; Tian, Yongqiang; Guo, Xiaolu; Dick, Warren A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Tian, Yongqiang] China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Dep Vegetable Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Guo, Xiaolu] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Adv Civil Engn Mat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Watts, Dexter] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Norton, Darrell] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wolkowski, Richard P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dick, WA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM dick.5@osu.edu FU Ohio State University/The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA. FX This research was funded in part by state and federal dollars appropriated to The Ohio State University/The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Funds were also provided by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0096 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600026 PM 25602559 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Watts, DB AF Torbert, H. Allen Watts, Dexter B. TI Impact of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Application on Water Quality in a Coastal Plain Soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; PHOSPHORUS EXTRACTABILITY; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE-WATER; AMENDMENTS; RUNOFF; SOLUBILITY; ALUMINUM AB There are growing concerns regarding the fate of nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), from land application of animal waste. One approach being studied to reduce runoff losses of P is to treat manure or the soil receiving manure with chemical amendments such as gypsum. This study used rainfall simulations to examine the impact of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum application on runoff nutrient losses on a Coastal Plains soil (Luverne sandy loam; fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults). Four rates of FGD gypsum (0, 2.2, 4.4, and 8.9 Mg ha(-1)) were applied to plots of Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) that had received application of 13.4 Mg ha(-1) poultry litter. Plots with 8.9 Mg ha(-1) FGD gypsum but no poultry litter and plots with neither poultry litter nor FGD gypsum were also used. Rainfall simulation was used to generate water runoff for 60 min, and samples were analyzed for soluble reactive P (SRP) and soluble Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn. Total concentration of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn and concentration of heavy metals Ar, Hg, Al, Sb, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, Si, V, Se, Tl, and hexavalent chromium were also analyzed. Results indicated a maximum of 61% reduction in SRP concentration in runoff with the application of 8.9 Mg ha(-1) FGD gypsum. This translated to a 51% reduction in total SRP load during the 60-min runoff event. Concentrations of heavy metals in runoff were all found to be below detection limits. The results indicated that use of 4.4 Mg ha(-1) FGD gypsum on Coastal Plains pastures receiving poultry litter could be an effective method of reducing SRP losses to the environment. C1 [Torbert, H. Allen; Watts, Dexter B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM allen.torbert@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0422 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600027 PM 25602560 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Fisher, DS Franklin, DH Jenkins, MB AF Endale, Dinku M. Schomberg, Harry H. Fisher, Dwight S. Franklin, Dorcas H. Jenkins, Michael B. TI Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum: Implication for Runoff and Nutrient Losses Associated with Broiler Litter Use on Pastures on Ultisols SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; AMELIORATING SUBSOIL ACIDITY; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; EXCHANGEABLE CALCIUM; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOSPHORUS EXPORT; SOIL AMENDMENTS; CORN PRODUCTION; SURFACE WATERS; POULTRY LITTER AB Gypsum has been shown to reduce runoff on soils prone to crust formation in the southeastern United States. Increased infiltration from gypsum applications could therefore help reduce runoff P and other nutrient losses from application of broiler litter (BL), a nutrient-rich fertilizer. In rainfall simulation experiments in June 2009 and May 2011, runoff and nutrient (N, P, Ca, Mg) losses in runoff were compared among treatments consisting of 0, 2.2, 4.5, and 9.0 Mg ha(-1) flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) combined with 13.5 Mg ha(-1) of BL and two control treatments of (0-0) and (9.0-0.0) Mg ha(-1) (FGDG-BL). A randomized block design with three replications was set up on a Cecil (Typic Kanhapludult) soil growing Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) for hay near Watkinsville, Georgia. Amendments were applied each April from 2009 to 2011. A reduction in runoff of 30% each year from the (9.0-13.5) compared with the (0-0) treatment was not statistically significant. Gypsum was effective in reducing concentration and load in one of the two study years: P and NH4-N in 2009 (up to 83%) and NO3-N in 2011 (up to 73%). A combination of factors related to weather extremes, timing of FGDG and BL applications, and their implication on soil and vegetation responses at different landscape positions might have caused the different responses between years. Additional studies focused on isolating the impacts of such factors would be helpful to ascertain the effectiveness of multiyear applications of FGDG as a best management practice to reduce P and other nutrient losses in soils of the southeastern United States. C1 [Endale, Dinku M.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Schomberg, Harry H.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fisher, Dwight S.] USDA ARS, JP Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Franklin, Dorcas H.] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jenkins, Michael B.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Dinku.Endale@ars.usda.gov FU Southern Company; Duke Energy; Tennessee Valley Authority; USEPA; USDA-ARS FX The authors thank Stephen Norris and Robin Woodroof for technical support and leadership and Beth Barton, Debbie Beese, Anthony Dillard, Jenna Grygier, Tyler Hill, Shaheen Humayoun, Ashley Lamb, Andy Lee, Matt Lee, Robert Martin, Clara Parker, Ronald Philips, Brooke Powell, Carl Puckett, James Roper, Drew Ross, Jeff Scarbrough, Dwight Seman, Mike Thornton, and Patrick Wilson for expert field and/or laboratory and office support. The research was funded in part by the Southern Company, Duke Energy, The Tennessee Valley Authority, and USEPA, as well as USDA-ARS. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0259 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600028 PM 25602561 ER PT J AU Sheng, J Adeli, A Brooks, JP McLaughlin, MR Read, J AF Sheng, Jing Adeli, Ardeshir Brooks, John P. McLaughlin, Michael R. Read, John TI Effects of Bedding Materials in Applied Poultry Litter and Immobilizing Agents on Runoff Water, Soil Properties, and Bermudagrass Growth SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BROILER LITTER; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; PHOSPHORUS RELEASE; MANURE; BIOCHAR; NITROGEN; LOSSES; I. AB Poultry producers in the United States have begun using different types of bedding materials in production houses. Release into the environment of nutrients from applied poultry litter (PL) made with different bedding materials has not been investigated, and little information is available on nutrient concentrations in soils that receive broiler litter made with such materials. In this greenhouse study, two bedding materials (rice hulls and pine chips) in PL and two nutrient-immobilizing agents (gypsum and biochar) were applied to bermudagrass, and chemical and microbial contents of runoff water, soil properties, and plant growth were evaluated. Treatments with rice hull bedding material in PL had less runoff nutrient and greater soil soluble N and P compared with pine chip bedding. Gypsum and biochar both significantly reduced C, N, P, Cu, and Zn losses from the first runoff event, which were reduced by 26, 30, 37, 38, and 38% and by 25, 24, 30, 29, and 35%, respectively, but only gypsum obviously reduced these nutrients from later events. Potassium, Ca, Mg, and Mn increased by 2, 36, 11, and 9 times, respectively, and soluble P, Cu, and Fe significantly decreased by 68, 72, and 98%, respectively, in soil amended with gypsum. Rice hull PL in combination with gypsum significantly increased the growth of bermudagrass. Our results indicate that rice hull PL posed less risk for nutrient loss than pine chip PL when applied to fields and that gypsum was better than biochar for reducing runoff C, N, P, and Cu. C1 [Sheng, Jing] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Jing; Adeli, Ardeshir; Brooks, John P.; McLaughlin, Michael R.; Read, John] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ardeshir.adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0070 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600029 PM 25602562 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Schomberg, HH Endale, DM Franklin, DH Fisher, DS AF Jenkins, M. B. Schomberg, H. H. Endale, D. M. Franklin, D. H. Fisher, D. S. TI Hydrologic Transport of Fecal Bacteria Attenuated by Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; SEX-HORMONES; LITTER; SOIL; GEORGIA; SALMONELLA; WATERSHEDS; SURVIVAL; PIEDMONT AB Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is a byproduct of coal-fired power plants. Its application to agricultural fields may increase water infiltration, reduce soil erosion, and decrease nutrient losses from applications of animal manures. It may also reduce fecal bacterial contamination of surface waters. We tested the hypothesis that FGD gypsum applications would decrease the load of Salmonella and the fecal indicator bacterium Escherichia coli from poultry litter applications. Two rainfall simulation experiments were undertaken: one in spring 2009 and one in spring 2011. Six treatments consisted of four rates of FGD gypsum (0, 2.2, 4.5, and 9.0 Mg ha(-1)) with poultry litter (13.5 Mg ha(-1) and two controls) in a randomized, complete-block design with three replications. Each replicate 4- x 6-m plot contained a single 1- x 2-m subplot that was delineated by metal plates and a flume that captured total overland flow or runoff. Rainfall was applied at similar to 64 mm h(-1). Volume of overland runoff was measured and subsampled for analysis every 10 min for 1 h. Flow-weighted concentrations, total loads, and soil concentrations of E. coli were determined. Salmonella was not detected in runoff. No significant differences between treatments were observed for the 2009 rainfall simulation. However, after 3 yr of FGD gypsum applications, the highest rate of FGD gypsum resulted in decreased flow-weighted concentrations and total loads of E. coli. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum applications may be a management practice that reduces microbial contamination of surface waters from manure applied to agricultural fields in the southeastern United States. C1 [Jenkins, M. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Schomberg, H. H.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Endale, D. M.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Franklin, D. H.] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov FU Southern Company; Duke Energy; Tennessee Valley Authority; USEPA FX The authors are grateful for the expert support of Beth Barton, Anthony Dillard, Jenna Grygier, Tyler Hill, Shaheen Humayoun, Ashley Lamb, Andy Lee, Matt Lee, Robert Martin, Stephen Norris, Ronald Philips, Brooke Powel, Carl Puckett, James Roper, Drew Ross, Jeff Scarbrough, Dwight Seman, Mike Thornton, Patrick Wilson, and Robin Woodroof. This research was funded in part by the Southern Company, Duke Energy, The Tennessee Valley Authority, and USEPA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0132 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600030 PM 25602563 ER PT J AU Fisher, K Jacinthe, PA Vidon, P Liu, X Baker, ME AF Fisher, K. Jacinthe, P. A. Vidon, P. Liu, X. Baker, M. E. TI Nitrous Oxide Emission from Cropland and Adjacent Riparian Buffers in Contrasting Hydrogeomorphic Settings SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID N2O EMISSIONS; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; WATER; FLUXES; ZONES; GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; CORN AB Riparian buffers are important nitrate (NO3-) sinks in agricultural watersheds, but limited information is available regarding the intensity and control of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from these buffers. This study monitored (December 2009-May 2011) N2O fluxes at two agricultural riparian buffers in the White River watershed in Indiana to assess the impact of land use and hydrogeomorphologic (HGM) attributes on emission. The study sites included a riparian forest in a glacial outwash/alluvium setting (White River [WR]) and a grassed riparian buffer in tile-drained till plains (Leary Weber Ditch [LWD]). Adjacent corn (Zea mays L.) fields were monitored for land use assessment. Analysis of variance identified season, land use (riparian buffer vs. crop field), and site geomorphology as major drivers of N2O fluxes. Strong relationships between N mineralization and N2O fluxes were found at both sites, but relationships with other nutrient cycling indicators (C/N ratio, dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C) were detected only at LWD. Nitrous oxide emission showed strong seasonal variability; the largest N2O peaks occurred in late spring/early summer as a result of flooding at the WR riparian buffer (up to 27.8 mg N2O-N m(-2) d(-1)) and N fertilizer application to crop fields. Annual N2O emission (kg N2O-N ha(-1)) was higher in the crop fields (WR: 7.82; LWD: 6.37) than in the riparian areas. A significant difference (P < 0.02) in annual N2O emission between the riparian buffers was detected (4.32 vs. 1.03 kg N2O-N ha(-1) at WR and LWD, respectively), and this difference was attributed to site geomorphology and flooding (WR is flood prone; no flooding occurred at tile-drained LWD). The study results demonstrate the significance of landscape geomorphology and land-stream connection (i.e., flood potential) as drivers of N2O emission in riparian buffers and therefore argue that an HGM-based approach should be especially suitable for determination of regional N2O budget in riparian ecosystems. C1 [Fisher, K.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jacinthe, P. A.; Liu, X.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dep Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vidon, P.] SUNY ESF, Dep Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Baker, M. E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dep Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Jacinthe, PA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dep Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pjacinth@iupui.edu RI Baker, Matthew/I-2839-2014 OI Baker, Matthew/0000-0001-5069-0204 FU USDA-NRI [2009-35112-05241] FX This work was supported by USDA-NRI grant 2009-35112-05241. The authors thank the landowners, Mr. Douglas Johnstone (WR site) and Mr. Jeffrey Phares (LWD site), for granting access to the study sites; Lauren Thomas and Lori Bebinger for field and laboratory assistance; and Ryan McAtee for construction of the static chambers. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 338 EP 348 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.06.0223 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600035 PM 25602568 ER PT J AU Abit, SM Bolster, CH Cantrell, KB Flores, JQ Walker, SL AF Abit, Sergio M. Bolster, Carl H. Cantrell, Keri B. Flores, Jessamine Q. Walker, Sharon L. TI Transport of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Microspheres in Biochar-Amended Soils with Different Textures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; POROUS-MEDIA; PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE; UNSATURATED SOIL; IONIC-STRENGTH; DAIRY-MANURE; BACTERIA; WATER; SURFACES; SURVIVAL AB The incorporation of biochar into soils has been proposed as a means to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. An added environmental benefit is that biochar has been shown to increase soil retention of agrochemicals, and recent research has indicated that biochar may be effective in increasing soil retention of bacteria. In this study we investigate the transport behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and carboxylated polystyrene microspheres in water-saturated column experiments for two soils (fine sand and sandy loam) amended with 2% poultry litter or pine chip biochars pyrolyzed at 350 and 700 degrees C. Adding poultry litter biochar pyrolyzed at 350 degrees C did not improve soil retention of either bacteria in fine sand and even facilitated their transport in sandy loam. Addition of either biochar pyrolyzed at 700 degrees C generally improved retention of bacteria in fine sand, with the pine chip biochars being more effective in limiting their transport. Results from the column studies and auxiliary batch studies suggest that changes in cell retention after biochar amendments were likely due to changes in bacterial attachment in the column and not to physical straining or changes in survivability. We also found that changes in bacterial hydrophobicity after biochar amendments were generally correlated with changes in bacterial retention. The influence of biochar amendment in increasing retention of both bacteria was generally more pronounced in fine sand and indicates that soil texture affects the transport behavior of bacteria through biochar-amended soils. C1 [Abit, Sergio M.; Bolster, Carl H.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Cantrell, Keri B.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Flores, Jessamine Q.; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM carl.bolster@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.06.0236 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600038 PM 25602571 ER PT J AU Lee, C Feyereisen, GW Hristov, AN Dell, CJ Kaye, J Beegle, D AF Lee, Chanhee Feyereisen, Gary W. Hristov, Alexander N. Dell, Curtis J. Kaye, Jason Beegle, Douglas TI Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrate Leaching, and Plant Nitrogen Uptake from Dairy Manure Applied to Lysimeters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; METHANE EMISSIONS; OXIDE EMISSIONS; RUMINANT MANURE; ENTERIC METHANE; CRUDE PROTEIN; N-15; CATTLE; SOIL AB This lysimeter experiment was designed to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on nitrate-N (NO3-N) and ammonia (NH3) losses from dairy manure applied to soil and manure N used for plant growth. Lactating dairy cows were fed diets with 16.7% CP (HighCP) or 14.8% CP (LowCP) content. Feces and urine were labeled with N-15 by ruminal pulse-doses of (NH4Cl)-N-15. Unlabeled and N-15-labeled feces and urine were used to produce manure for a study with 21 lysimeters in a greenhouse. Manure application rate was 277 kg N ha(-1). Ammonia emissions were measured at 3, 8, 23, 28, 54, and 100 h after manure application. Manure was incorporated into the soil, and a leaching event was simulated. Spring barley was planted (387 plants per m(2)) 7 d after the leaching event and harvested at senescence. Ammonia emission rates and the contribution of urinary N to NO3-N were on average about 100% greater for HighCP vs. LowCP manures. With both LowCP and HighCP manures, a greater proportion of urinary vs. fecal N was recovered in leachate NO3-N. There was no difference in whole-crop barley N yields between LowCP and HighCP manures, but barley kernel N yield tended to be greater (p = 0.09) for lysimeters treated with HighCP manures. Using a unique labeling approach, this lysimeter experiment demonstrated that when applied at equal soil N application rates, manure from cows fed the HighCP diet resulted in markedly greater NH3 emissions and urinary N losses with leachate NO3-N than manure from cows fed the LowCP diet. C1 [Lee, Chanhee; Hristov, Alexander N.] Penn State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Feyereisen, Gary W.] ARS, USDA, SWMRU, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Dell, Curtis J.] ARS, USDA, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kaye, Jason; Beegle, Douglas] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anh13@psu.edu NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 398 EP 408 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.03.0083 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KU UT WOS:000330463600041 PM 25602574 ER PT J AU Brent, CS Hull, JJ AF Brent, Colin S. Hull, J. Joe TI Characterization of male-derived factors inhibiting female sexual receptivity in Lygus hesperus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Accessory glands; Juvenile hormone; Lygus hesperus; Sexual receptivity; Spermatophore ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER FEMALES; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; KNIGHT HEMIPTERA-MIRIDAE; ACCESSORY-GLAND PEPTIDE; SEMINAL FLUID PROTEIN; JUVENILE-HORMONE-III; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MATED FEMALE AB Newly mated females of the plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, enter a refractory period during which their sexual receptivity to courting males is greatly reduced for several days. This behavioral change appears to be induced by male-derived factors delivered in the spermatophore during copulation. To better understand the source of the factor(s) responsible for the inhibition, the homogenates of spermatophores, or of the individual organs that provide the constituents of the spermatophore, were injected directly into the abdomen of virgin females. The contents of the lateral and medial accessory glands both appear to produce inhibitory effects, but those of the seminal vesicle had no effect. Treatment of the homogenate also indicated that the active factor(s) is heat labile and water soluble. Several unique proteins were found in the water soluble fraction of the spermatophore, one of which is similar in size to the Drosophila melanogaster sex peptide, a male derived compound known to inhibit receptivity in female flies. In addition, spermatophores contained a substantial quantity of juvenile hormone, a key endocrine regulator of reproductive behavior and physiology in most insects. The results support the hypothesized role of males in manipulating the post-mating behavior of females, and suggest this is achieved through multiple components that act in concert to induce both short- and long-term effects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brent, Colin S.; Hull, J. Joe] USDA Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Brent, CS (reprint author), USDA Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM colin.brent@ars.usda.gov; joe.hull@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 60 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.12.001 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 304KY UT WOS:000330747000013 PM 24333151 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Campbell, JF Toews, MD AF Arthur, Frank H. Campbell, James F. Toews, Michael D. TI Distribution, abundance, and seasonal patterns of stored product beetles in a commercial food storage facility SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Warehouse; Beetles; Food; Monitoring; Distribution; Trapping ID LASIODERMA-SERRICORNE F; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; FLOUR MILL; COLEOPTERA-TENEBRIONIDAE; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; CIGARETTE BEETLE; INSECTS; FUMIGATION; INFESTATION; SILVANIDAE AB A three-year monitoring study was performed using pitfall traps baited with pheromone lures and food oil to assess seasonal prevalence of selected stored product beetle species inside a large community food storage warehouse located in the Midwestern United States. The four predominant species captured were Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and Trogoderma variable. During the first year, T castaneum was the dominant species, comprising 79% of all beetles caught in the traps. This species declined the next year to 2% of the total and L. serricorne, O. surinamensis, and T variable were the dominant species. During the final year total numbers of these three species declined, but they were still the primary species caught in the traps. Few or no beetles of any species were trapped between November and June in any year, most likely because of lower temperatures inside the warehouse during that time. Beetle captures among trap locations varied considerably during the study, probably due to movement of food products into and out of the warehouse, and movement of products and beetle populations within the warehouse. All four primary species were also consistently caught in traps placed in zones within the warehouse where no food products were stored. Specific traps and zones within the warehouse were identified as primary activity sites based on comparisons among trap locations and contour mapping of the yearly and total infestation patterns. Results show how monitoring data could be used to identify those areas within a food storage site that are most vulnerable to insect infestation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Arthur, Frank H.; Campbell, James F.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Toews, Michael D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/CSREES Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program [00-511-01-9674] FX We thank B. Barnett, C. Doll, R. Hammel, J. Rowan, M. Kennedy, and J. Staats for technical assistance with this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or by the University of Georgia. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. We would like to thank Angus Catchot for reviewing a draft of this manuscript prior to submission. This study was supported by the USDA/CSREES Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program Award No. 00-511-01-9674. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X EI 1879-1212 J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 56 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2013.11.003 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AA2HN UT WOS:000330915800005 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Linquist, BA AF Spencer, David F. Linquist, Bruce A. TI Reducing rice field algae and cyanobacteria abundance by altering phosphorus fertilizer applications SO PADDY AND WATER ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nostoc spongiaeforme; Algae/cyanobacteria management; Water-seeded rice; Phosphorus ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; EXPERIMENTAL LAKES; EUTROPHICATION; ECOSYSTEM; BUDGETS; NOSTOC AB In California's water-seeded rice systems, algal/cyanobacterial biomass can be a problem during rice establishment and can lead to yield reductions. Laboratory, enclosure, and field-scale experiments were established to evaluate the effects of fertilizer P management on algal/cyanobacterial growth. Two field-scale experiments evaluated the response of algal/cyanobacterial growth to three P management strategies: conventional surface applied, incorporated into the soil, and delaying P applications by 30 days. Results from these experiments indicated rice fields that received conventional surface-applied P fertilizer had 4-8 times more algal/cyanobacterial biomass and 3-11 times higher concentrations of soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) than those in which P fertilizer was incorporated or delayed. Laboratory experiments evaluated the ability of field water to support growth of Nostoc spongiaeforme. Results indicate that water from the incorporated or delayed P application fields was P limited for N. spongiaeforme growth. Water from the surface-applied fields was not P limited. Enclosure experiments evaluated the effects of delayed P applications on algal/cyanobacterial biomass and rice yields. Algal/cyanobacterial cover and biomass increased in enclosures which received added P. Soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were also significantly greater in these enclosures. Delaying the application by up to 28 days did not reduce rice yields in the enclosures. One management implication is that reducing SRP concentrations early in the season in rice field water will result in reduced algal/cyanobacterial biomass. Strategies to reduce water SRP include incorporating fertilizer P or delaying the P application by up to 30 days. C1 [Spencer, David F.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Linquist, Bruce A.] Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, MS 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM david.spencer@ars.usda.gov FU California Rice Research Board FX We appreciate the comments of Tom Lanini, Merle Anders, Randall Mutters, and Ray Carruthers who read a previous version of this manuscript. G. Ksander and P.-S. Liow provided technical assistance. R. Hornyack, R. Jenkins, and S. Carter were instrumental in the field-scale experiments. Statistical advice was provided by L. Whitehand, USDA Biometrical Service, Albany, California. This work was supported in part by a grant from the California Rice Research Board. Mention of a manufacturer does not constitute a warranty or guarantee of the product by the US Department of Agriculture nor an endorsement over other products not mentioned. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1611-2490 EI 1611-2504 J9 PADDY WATER ENVIRON JI Paddy Water Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10333-013-0370-6 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 302SH UT WOS:000330624700014 ER PT J AU Fan, RM Huang, YC Grusak, MA Huang, CP Sherrier, DJ AF Fan, Ruimei Huang, Yu Chu Grusak, Michael A. Huang, C. P. Sherrier, D. Janine TI Effects of nano-TiO2 on the agronomically-relevant Rhizobium-legume symbiosis SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nano-TiO2; Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis; Pea; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841; Toxicity ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; BACTERIA; PLANTS; RHIZOSPHERE; ENVIRONMENT; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; SPINACH AB The impact of nano-TiO2 on Rhizobium-legume symbiosis was studied using garden peas and the compatible bacterial partner Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841. Exposure to nano-TiO2 did not affect the germination of peas grown aseptically, nor did it impact the gross root structure. However, nano-TiO2 exposure did impact plant development by decreasing the number of secondary lateral roots. Cultured R. leguminosarum by. viciae 3841 was also impacted by exposure to nano-TiO2, resulting in morphological changes to the bacterial cells. Moreover, the interaction between these two organisms was disrupted by nano-TiO2 exposure, such that root nodule development and the subsequent onset of nitrogen fixation were delayed. Further, the polysaccharide composition of the walls of infected cells of nodules was altered, suggesting that the exposure induced a systemic response in host plants. Therefore, nano-TiO2 contamination in the environment is potentially hazardous to the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis system. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fan, Ruimei; Huang, C. P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Fan, Ruimei; Huang, Yu Chu; Sherrier, D. Janine] Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Huang, Yu Chu; Sherrier, D. Janine] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Huang, CP (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM huang@ce.udel.edu RI Sherrier, Darla/D-6624-2017 OI Sherrier, Darla/0000-0002-4699-6670 FU US EPA STAR [GR832371] FX This work was supported in part by US EPA STAR grant # GR832371. We wish to express our gratitude to the members of the Bio-imaging Center, University of Delaware, especially Jefferey Caplan (confocal), Shannon Modla, Scott Jacobs (TEM) and Deboran Powell (SEM) for their assistance with electromicroscopic and confocal imaging services. Also, we wish to thank Dr. Robert Erhlich for proofreading our manuscript. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 466 BP 503 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.032 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300VH UT WOS:000330491600053 PM 23933452 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Tshabalala, MA Gao, JM Stark, NM Fan, YM AF Chen, Yao Tshabalala, Mandla A. Gao, Jianmin Stark, Nicole M. Fan, Yongming TI Color and surface chemistry changes of extracted wood flour after heating at 120 degrees C SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETULA-PENDULA WOOD; FT-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNIN; MIGRATION; KILN AB To investigate the effect of heat on color and surface chemistry of wood flour (WF), unextracted, extracted and delignified samples of commercial WF were heated at 120 A degrees C for 24 h and analyzed by colorimetry, diffuse reflectance visible (DRV), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopies. Unextracted samples showed a slight increase in CIEL(*)a(*)b(*) color coordinates, a (*) and b (*). Compared with unextracted samples, color changes of the extracted samples varied with composition of the extraction solvents with generally smaller increases in a (*) and larger decreases in b (*) values. Delignified samples were marked by even larger increases in both a (*) and b (*) values. The color changes could be explained by analysis of the respective DRV, FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the samples before and after heating. Heating of the extracted WF at 120 A degrees C resulted in a red shift of the absorption at 430 nm and increase in absorption in the violet-blue spectral region of visible light. Delignified samples showed even more pronounced absorption in this spectral region after heating. C1 [Chen, Yao; Gao, Jianmin; Fan, Yongming] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Tshabalala, Mandla A.; Stark, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Tshabalala, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mtshabalala@fs.fed.us; gaojm@bjfu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070490]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX Authors express their sincere thanks to Sally A. Ralph at USDA Forest Products Laboratory for her help with Raman spectroscopy. Financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (series number of the project: 31070490) is gratefully acknowledged. This research was funded in part by China Scholarship Council (CSC). NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 EI 1432-5225 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00226-013-0582-3 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 302SV UT WOS:000330626100013 ER PT J AU Martinez, JA Milagro, FI Claycombe, KJ Schalinske, KL AF Alfredo Martinez, J. Milagro, Fermin I. Claycombe, Kate J. Schalinske, Kevin L. TI Epigenetics in Adipose Tissue, Obesity, Weight Loss, and Diabetes SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FAT DIET; GLYCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS; IGF2 GENE REGION; CATCH-UP GROWTH; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; LIVER-DISEASE; PROMOTER METHYLATION; PROTEIN RESTRICTION; WIDE ASSOCIATION AB Given the role that diet and other environmental factors play in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, the implication of different epigenetic processes is being investigated. Although it is well known that external factors can cause cell type-dependent epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, and chromatin remodeling, the regulation of these processes, the magnitude of the changes and the cell types in which they occur, the individuals more predisposed, and the more crucial stages of life remain to be elucidated. There is evidence that obese and diabetic people have a pattern of epigenetic marks different from nonobese and nondiabetic individuals. The main long-term goals in this field are the identification and understanding of the role of epigenetic marks that could be used as early predictors of metabolic risk and the development of drugs or diet-related treatments able to delay these epigenetic changes and even reverse them. But weight gain and insulin resistance/diabetes are influenced not only by epigenetic factors; different epigenetic biomarkers have also been identified as early predictors of weight loss and the maintenance of body weight after weight loss. The characterization of all the factors that are able to modify the epigenetic signatures and the determination of their real importance are hindered by the following factors: the magnitude of change produced by dietary and environmental factors is small and cumulative; there are great differences among cell types; and there are many factors involved, including age, with multiple interactions between them. C1 [Alfredo Martinez, J.; Milagro, Fermin I.] Univ Navarra, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Physiol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Alfredo Martinez, J.; Milagro, Fermin I.] Inst Hlth Carlos Ill, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain. [Claycombe, Kate J.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Schalinske, Kevin L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP Martinez, JA (reprint author), Univ Navarra, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Physiol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. EM jalfmtz@unav.es RI Milagro, Fermin/F-2315-2015; OI Milagro, Fermin/0000-0002-3228-9916; Martinez Hernandez, J Alfredo/0000-0001-5218-6941 FU Roche Applied Science; Bio-Serv; Epigentek; ASN FX Presented at the symposium "Nutritional Epigenomics: A Portal to Disease Prevention" held 23 April 2013 at the ASN Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology 2013 in Boson, MA. The symposium was sponsored by the ASN. Financial support was provided by the Roche Applied Science, Bio-Serv, and Epigentek. A summary of the symposium was published in the September 2013 issue of Advances in Nutrition. NR 103 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.3945/an113.004705 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301UP UT WOS:000330557900012 PM 24425725 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Ng, K Stoll, B De Pipaon, MS AF Burrin, Douglas G. Ng, Ken Stoll, Barbara Senz De Pipaon, Miguel TI Impact of New-Generation Lipid Emulsions on Cellular Mechanisms of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; SHORT-BOWEL SYNDROME; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; HEPATIC GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK; VITAMIN-E; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; INTESTINAL FAILURE AB Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving nutritional support for a large population of hospitalized infants, and lipids make a substantial contribution to their energy and essential fatty acid (FA) needs. A challenge in the care of these infants is that their metabolic needs require prolonged PN support that increases the risk of PN-associated liver disease (PNALD). In recent years, the emergence of new parenteral lipid emulsions containing different source lipids and FA profiles has created nutritional alternatives to the first-generation, soybean oil based lipid emulsion Intralipid. The limited U.S. introduction of the new-generation fish-oil emulsion Omegaven has generated promising results in infants with PNALD and spawned a renewed interest in how PN and lipid emulsions, in particular, contribute to this disease. Studies suggest that the lipid load and constituents, such as specific FAs, ratio of n-3 (omega-3) to n-6 (omega-6) long-chain polyunsaturated FAs, phytosterols, and vitamin E content, may be involved. There is an existing literature describing the molecular mechanisms whereby these specific nutrients affect hepatic metabolism and function via lipid and bile acid sensing nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a, liver X receptor, and farnesoid X receptor, yet virtually no information as to how they interact and modulate liver function in the context of PN in pediatric patients or animal models. This article will review the recent development of parenteral lipid emulsions and their influence on PNALD and highlight some of the emerging molecular mechanisms that may explain the effects on liver function and disease. C1 [Burrin, Douglas G.; Stoll, Barbara] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Burrin, Douglas G.; Ng, Ken] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Senz De Pipaon, Miguel] Autonomous Univ Madrid, La Paz Univ Hosp, Dept Neonatol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.edu FU American Society for Nutrition; Fresenius Kabi; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition [R01-NIDDK-094616]; USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-6250-6-001] FX Presented at the symposium "Impact of New Generation Parenteral Lipid Emulsions in Pediatric Nutrition" held at the Experimental Biology 2013 Meeting, 22 April 2013 in Boston, MA. The symposium was sponsored by the American Society for Nutrition and supported in part by Fresenius Kabi. The organizer has indicated that related reviews of this symposium will be submitted for publication in an upcoming issue of Advances in Nutrition. A summary of this symposium was published in the September 2013 issue of Advances in Nutrition.; This work was supported by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition grant R01-NIDDK-094616 and USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-001. This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S government NR 103 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.3945/an113.004796 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301UP UT WOS:000330557900013 PM 24425726 ER PT J AU Calvo, MS Moshfegh, AJ Tucker, KL AF Calvo, Mona S. Moshfegh, Alanna J. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Assessing the Health Impact of Phosphorus in the Food Supply: Issues and Considerations SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SERUM PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; PHOSPHATE ADDITIVES; DIETARY PHOSPHORUS; MINERAL METABOLISM; NUTRIENT DATABASES; MORTALITY RISK AB The Western dietary pattern of intake common to many Americans is high in fat, refined carbohydrates, sodium, and phosphorus, all of which are associated with processed food consumption and higher risk of life-threatening chronic diseases. In this review, we focus on the available information on current phosphorus intake with this Western dietary pattern, and new knowledge of how the disruption of phosphorus homeostasis can occur when intake of phosphorus far exceeds nutrient needs and calcium intake is limited. Elevation of extracellular phosphorus, even when phosphorus intake is seemingly modest, but excessive relative to need and calcium intake, may disrupt the endocrine regulation of phosphorus balance in healthy individuals, as it is known to do in renal disease. This elevation in serum phosphate, whether episodic or chronically sustained, may trigger the secretion of regulatory hormones, whose actions can damage tissue, leading to the development of cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, and bone loss. Therefore, we assessed the health impact of excess phosphorus intake in the context of specific issues that reflect changes over time in the U.S. food supply and patterns of intake. Important issues include food processing and food preferences, the need to evaluate phosphorus intake in relation to calcium intake and phosphorus bioavailability, the accuracy of various approaches used to assess phosphorus intake, and the difficulties encountered in evaluating the relations of phosphorus intake to chronic disease markers or incident disease. C1 [Calvo, Mona S.] US FDA, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Moshfegh, Alanna J.] ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Clin Lab & Nutr Sci, Lowell, MA USA. RP Calvo, MS (reprint author), US FDA, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. FU American Society for Nutrition; American Society for Nephrology FX Presented at the symposium "Dietary Phosphorus Excess: A Risk Factor in Chronic Bone, Kidney, and Cardiovascular Disease" held at the 2013 American Society for Nutrition Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology, 24 April 2013 in Boston, MA. The symposium was sponsored by the American Society for Nutrition and supported in part by the American Society for Nephrology. A summary of this was published in the September 2013 issue of Advances in Nutrition. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.3945/an.113004861 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301UP UT WOS:000330557900016 PM 24425729 ER PT J AU Resop, JP Fleisher, DH Timlin, DJ Reddy, VR AF Resop, Jonathan P. Fleisher, David H. Timlin, Dennis J. Reddy, V. R. TI Biophysical Constraints to Potential Production Capacity of Potato across the US Eastern Seaboard Region SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP MODELS; SIMULATION-MODEL; NEW-ENGLAND; YIELD; GIS; SYSTEMS; CLIMATE; QUALITY; GROWTH; WHEAT AB The Eastern Seaboard region (ESR) of the United States is densely populated and depends on imported food. Agricultural systems are vulnerable to uncertainties such as environmental conditions, climate change, and transportation costs. Local populations could benefit from regional food systems as a way to provide security; however, the potential production capacity of the region would first need to be quantified. Potential production capacity for a specific crop, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), was explored in two ways: expansion of the harvested land area and closing the yield gap between observed and potential yield. Potato production was assessed from Maine to Virginia for current land use (land under potato cultivation) and potential land use (other cropland). Simulations were based on two water availability scenarios: limited and nonlimited. A geospatial model implementing the explanatory model SPUDSIM estimated crop production (crop yield, water use, and N uptake) based on spatially variable input data (weather, soil, and management). Potato production was simulated in 35 potato-producing counties and in 346 counties with cropland. Under water-limited conditions, the response surface of production showed greater yield in the northern ESR states (median 28.24 Mg ha(-1)) than in the southern states (median 15.41 Mg ha(-1)). Resource requirements (water and N) and biophysical constraints (climate and soil) to production were also evaluated. In general, potato yield was negatively correlated with higher average seasonal temperatures and denser soil profiles. The results from this study will be valuable for regional policy planners to assess the capacity of the regional ESR food system. C1 [Resop, Jonathan P.; Fleisher, David H.; Timlin, Dennis J.; Reddy, V. R.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Resop, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 001,Room 342,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM resop@vt.edu FU USDA-ARS Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associate Program; USDA-NIFA AFRI [2011-68004-30057] FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associate Program and the USDA-NIFA AFRI Grant no. 2011-68004-30057: Enhancing Food Security of Underserved Populations in the Northeast through Sustainable Regional Food Systems. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply the exclusion of other available products. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0277 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200006 ER PT J AU Moore, A Hines, S Brown, B Falen, C Marti, MD Chahine, M Norell, R Ippolito, J Parkinson, S Satterwhite, M AF Moore, Amber Hines, Steve Brown, Bradford Falen, Christi Marti, Mario de Haro Chahine, Mireille Norell, Richard Ippolito, Jim Parkinson, Stuart Satterwhite, Megan TI Soil-Plant Nutrient Interactions on Manure-Enriched Calcareous Soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRON-MANGANESE INTERACTION; CATTLE MANURE; PHOSPHORUS; ZINC; CORN; DEFICIENCY; TISSUE; YIELD; WHEAT; FERTILIZER AB Growers working with manured soils oft en rely on soil test information when developing nutrient management for their crop, especially when manure application information is unavailable. Nutrient-enriched soils, like manured soils, can trigger nutrient deficiencies and toxicities due to plant-soil nutrient interactions. The goal of the study was to determine correlations between soil test and plant tissue nutrient concentrations for irrigated corn silage crops (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) with varying nutrient concentrations unique to dairy manure-enriched calcareous soils. Whole plant and soil samples were collected from 39 cooperator corn silage fields at harvest over a 2-yr period throughout the Snake River Plain region of southern Idaho. Soils were sampled to a depth of 30.5 cm and analyzed for plant available forms of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B; whole plant tops were analyzed for total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu. Significant positive correlations were detected between soil test K and tissue K (Spearman's rhocorrelation coefficient = 0.63), soil test K and tissue N (rho = 0.59), and soil test B and tissue N (rho = 0.53). A significant negative correlation was detected between soil test Fe and tissue Mn (rho = -0.59). Controlled studies are needed to corroborate the relationships observed in this survey study. C1 [Moore, Amber; Chahine, Mireille; Satterwhite, Megan] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. [Hines, Steve] Univ Idaho, Jerome Cty Extens, Jerome, ID 83338 USA. [Brown, Bradford] Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Ippolito, Jim] ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Falen, Christi] Univ Idaho, Lincoln Cty Extens, Shoshone, ID 83352 USA. [Marti, Mario de Haro] Univ Idaho, Gooding Cty Extens, Gooding, ID 83330 USA. [Norell, Richard] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Parkinson, Stuart] Univ Idaho, Franklin Cty Extens, Preston, ID 83263 USA. RP Moore, A (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, 315 Falls Ave,Evergreen Bldg, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. EM amberm@uidaho.edu FU University of Idaho College of Agricultural and Life Sciences; University of Idaho Extension Topic Team funding program FX We would like to acknowledge the support of William Price, statistician with the University of Idaho College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, who helped us to discover critical relationships in our dataset that we may never have discovered otherwise. We would also like to acknowledge the University of Idaho Extension Topic Team funding program, which provided the necessary funds needed for our research efforts. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0345 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200009 ER PT J AU Saseendran, SA Ahuja, LR Ma, L Nielsen, DC Trout, TJ Andales, AA Chavez, JL Ham, J AF Saseendran, S. A. Ahuja, L. R. Ma, L. Nielsen, D. C. Trout, T. J. Andales, A. A. Chavez, J. L. Ham, J. TI Enhancing the Water Stress Factors for Simulation of Corn in RZWQM2 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CERES-MAIZE MODEL; SOIL-WATER; LIMITED IRRIGATION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; HYBRID MODEL; PLANT; YIELD; NITROGEN; GROWTH; WHEAT AB Enhancement of agricultural system models for more accurate simulations of the water stress response of crops can improve their application under limited water management. Currently, the crop system model RZWQM2 uses a ratio of potential root water uptake (supply) to potential transpiration (demand) as a water stress factor (WSDef) that modulates plant growth processes. We tested two progressive modifications of the WSDef (WSI1 and WSI2) in the DSSAT-CSM-CERES-Maize (Version 4.0) module embedded within the RZWQM2 model for simulating the response of corn (Zea mays L.) to different levels of water and compared them with the use of WSDef. The WSI1 was a modification of the SWFAC (Soil Water FACtor) for photosynthesis-related processes in RZWQM2 using the daily potential root water uptake (TRWUP) calculated by the Nimah and Hanks approach. The WSI2 was WSI1 with terms accounting for stress due to additional heating of the canopy from unused energy of potential soil evaporation in both the supply and demand terms of the WSI1. These factors were evaluated using the data for corn grain yield, biomass, soil water, and leaf area index (LAI) derived from canopy cover data from multiple water-level experiments conducted at Greeley, CO, from 2008 to 2011, irrigated and rainfed corn at Akron, CO, and irrigated corn at Gainesville, FL, on different soil types. Overall, the stress factors WSI1 and WSI2 were found to be superior to WSDef in simulations of grain yield, biomass, and LAI in all three experiments. Further, in general, WSI2 simulations of the crop were either comparable to or more accurate than WSI1 simulations in most of the crop seasons simulated in this study. The stress factor WSI2 has been incorporated in the RZWQM2 for simulating corn. C1 [Saseendran, S. A.; Ahuja, L. R.; Ma, L.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Trout, T. J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nielsen, D. C.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Andales, A. A.; Ham, J.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chavez, J. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Saseendran, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Saseendran.Anapalli@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009; OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183; Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0300 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200010 ER PT J AU Dabney, SM Yoder, DC Ferruzzi, GG AF Dabney, Seth M. Yoder, Daniel C. Ferruzzi, Giulio G. TI Forage Harvest Representation in RUSLE2 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; ROTATIONALLY GRAZED SWARD; FERTILIZED GRASS SWARDS; AUTUMN CLOSING DATE; BAHIAGRASS PASTURES; TISSUE TURNOVER; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; DIFFERENT INTENSITIES; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GRAZING SEVERITY AB The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE and RUSLE2) has long been used by the USDA and others for management planning based on soil erosion and sediment delivery estimates. It has worked well for normal annual agronomic crops but proved to be awkward for forage crops. This is partly because RUSLE and earlier versions of RUSLE2 calculated vegetative residue production only during periods of canopy decline or in response to management operations, resulting in underestimation of residue amounts, with subsequent overestimation of soil erosion from pasture and hay lands. To solve this problem, a new vegetation model was implemented in RUSLE2 to track the growth, death, and characteristics of perennial vegetation. A complementary comprehensive RUSLE2 harvest process developed to interact with the new vegetation growth model was also developed. This harvest process includes an extensive set of options that provide great flexibility in describing perennial vegetation management systems. In this study, the ability of the new growth model and harvest process to dynamically adjust residue creation in response to alternative forage harvest schemes was investigated through comparison with published studies involving bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The new modeling tools make it easier to model haying and grazing scenarios in perennial systems, to create better estimates of the amount and timing of plant residue added by perennial vegetation during its growth, and thus to improve runoff and soil erosion estimates for conservation planning. C1 [Dabney, Seth M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Yoder, Daniel C.] Univ Tennessee, Dep Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ferruzzi, Giulio G.] USDA NRCS, West Natl Technol Support Ctr, Portland, OR 97323 USA. RP Dabney, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM seth.dabney@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0059 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200018 ER PT J AU Narayanan, S Aiken, RM Prasad, PVV Xin, ZG Paul, G Yu, JM AF Narayanan, Sruthi Aiken, Robert M. Prasad, P. V. Vara Xin, Zhanguo Paul, George Yu, Jianming TI A Simple Quantitative Model to Predict Leaf Area Index in Sorghum SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; GROWTH; SENESCENCE; DYNAMICS; EXPANSION; SUNFLOWER; LEVEL AB Leaf area index (LAI) is a widely used physiological parameter to quantify the vegetative canopy structure of crops. Over the years, several models to estimate LAI have been developed with various degrees of complexity and inherent shortcomings. The LAI simulation models proposed so far for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] either lack details of the leaf area dynamics of expanding leaves or demand exhaustive measurements. The objective of this study was to develop a simple quantitative model to predict the LAI of sorghum by introducing a new method for simulation of the leaf area of expanding leaves. The proposed model relates LAI to thermal time. It calculates LAI from an algorithm considering the total number of mature leaves, the area of mature leaves, the area of expanding leaves, and plant density. The performance of the model was tested using LAI data collected using a nondestructive method under field conditions. The slope of the regression of modeled LAI on observed LAI varied for photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive genotypes in 2010. The coefficients of determination (R-2) between modeled and observed LAI were 0.96 in 2009 and 0.99 (photoperiod insensitive) and 0.95 (photoperiod sensitive) in 2010. The inclusion of expanding leaves in the model improved its accuracy. The model provides an accurate estimate of LAI at any given day of the vegetative growing season based only on thermal time and making use of default coefficients demonstrated in this research. C1 [Narayanan, Sruthi; Prasad, P. V. Vara] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Aiken, Robert M.] Kansas State Univ, Northwest Res Extens Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. [Xin, Zhanguo] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Paul, George] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Yu, Jianming] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Narayanan, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM nsruthi@ksu.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-ARS; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas A M University; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [12-226-J] FX This project benefited from the capable technical support of Ralph Wolf, Ray Duffey, Alicia Oien, and Rhett Martin. We would like to thank Leigh Murray and Christopher Juarez for statistical consultation. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and constructive suggestions on the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between the USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A& M University. This publication is Contribution no. 12-226-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0311 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200025 ER PT J AU Barkley, A Tack, J Nalley, LL Bergtold, J Bowden, R Fritz, A AF Barkley, Andrew Tack, Jesse Nalley, Lawton Lanier Bergtold, Jason Bowden, Robert Fritz, Allan TI Weather, Disease, and Wheat Breeding Effects on Kansas Wheat Varietal Yields, 1985 to 2011 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; WINTER-WHEAT; CROP-YIELD; GREAT-PLAINS; US AGRICULTURE; CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; CORN YIELD; MODELS; TEMPERATURE AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in Kansas have increased due to wheat breeding and improved agronomic practices, but are subject to climate and disease challenges. The objective of this research is to quantify the impact of weather, disease, and genetic improvement on wheat yields of varieties grown in 11 locations in Kansas from 1985 to 2011. Wheat variety yield data from Kansas performance tests were matched with comprehensive location-specific disease and weather data, including seasonal precipitation, monthly air temperature, air temperature and solar radiation around anthesis, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The results show that wheat breeding programs increased yield by 34 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). From 1985 through 2011, wheat breeding increased average wheat yields by 917 kg ha(-1), or 27% of total yield. Weather was found to have a large impact on wheat yields. Simulations demonstrated that a 1 degrees C increase in projected mean temperature was associated with a decrease in wheat yields of 715 kg ha(-1), or 21%. Weather, diseases, and genetics all had significant impacts on wheat yields in 11 locations in Kansas during 1985 to 2011. C1 [Barkley, Andrew; Bergtold, Jason] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Tack, Jesse] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Nalley, Lawton Lanier] Univ Arkansas, Dep Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bowden, Robert] Kansas State Univ, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dep Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Fritz, Allan] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Barkley, A (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dep Agr Econ, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM barkley@ksu.edu OI Barkley, Andrew/0000-0002-6469-8300 NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0388 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200026 ER PT J AU Mikha, MM Benjamin, JG Stahlman, PW Geier, PW AF Mikha, Maysoon M. Benjamin, Joseph G. Stahlman, Phillip W. Geier, Patrick W. TI Remediation/Restoration of Degraded Soil: I. Impact on Soil Chemical Properties SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; COMPOST APPLICATIONS; ERODED SOILS; AMENDMENTS; FERTILIZER; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; YIELD AB Nutrient dynamics in the calcareous eroded soils of the western United States may react differently than the acid soils in the eastern United States. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of tillage practices and N treatments on changes in soil nutrient constituents. The eroded study was initiated in 2006 at the Agriculture Research Center, Hays, KS, on an Armo silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Entic Haplustolls). Tillage practices were no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Beef manure (M) and urea, as commercial fertilizer (F) at low (L) and high (H) rates were applied as N sources. The control (C) treatment, with no N added, was included under both tillage practices. Annually (2006-2011) spring soil samples were taken at 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths. Soil chemical properties were influenced by N treatments and sampling depths, but not by tillage. Soil acidity (pH) was reduced in 2011 compared with 2006. Relative to control, more reduction in soil pH was observed with HM (21%) compared with HF treatment. Soil EC with HM and HF was approximately 2.2 times greater than LM and LF. Soil extractable P with HM substantially increased, 45.9 mg kg(-1), compared with LM, 18.3 mg kg(-1), at the surface 0 to 15 cm. The change in soil organic carbon (Delta SOC) associated with M was 36-fold higher than F treatments. In general, the use of M as N source improved soil nutrient dynamics in this eroded site compared with F. C1 [Mikha, Maysoon M.; Benjamin, Joseph G.] ARS, USDA, Cent Great Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Stahlman, Phillip W.; Geier, Patrick W.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Mikha, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cent Great Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Maysoon.Mikha@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0278 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200029 ER PT J AU Mikha, MM Stahlman, PW Benjamin, JG Geier, PW AF Mikha, Maysoon M. Stahlman, Phillip W. Benjamin, Joseph G. Geier, Patrick W. TI Remediation/Restoration of Degraded Soil: II. Impact on Crop Production and Nitrogen Dynamics SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ALFALFA ROTATION; TOPSOIL REMOVAL; DAIRY MANURE; WHEAT YIELDS; TILLAGE; CORN; WATER AB The response of manure applications on calcareous eroded soils in the western United States is unlike the responses observed on acid soils in the eastern United States. The objectives of this study were to restore the productivity and evaluate N loss of eroded land influenced by tillage practices, N sources, and N rates. The study was initiated in 2006 on an Armo silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Entic Haplustolls) at the Agriculture Research Center, Hays, KS. Tillage practices were no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Nitrogen sources were beef manure (M); urea, as commercial fertilizer (F); and no-N control (C) at two rates, low (L) and high (H). The crop rotation was grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), forage oat (Avena sativa L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grain sorghum, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and winter wheat. Grain yield (2006-2011) and soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) at 0- to 120-cm depth were evaluated. Grain yields were not influenced by tillage practices, except in 2006 when NT had greater yields than CT. Manure addition increased grain yields compared with F and C treatments. Excess amounts of N and low productivity lead to leaching of the SIN down the soil profile with HF and HM. The LM exhibited less productivity and less SIN loss than HM treatment. Overall, M could be the N source that can improve the productivity of the eroded site. The benefits of increasing the productivity and the risk of N loss with HM need to be further addressed. C1 [Mikha, Maysoon M.; Benjamin, Joseph G.] ARS, USDA, Cent Great Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Stahlman, Phillip W.; Geier, Patrick W.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Mikha, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cent Great Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Maysoon.Mikha@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0279 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200030 ER PT J AU Todd, J Glaz, B Irey, MS Zhao, DL Hu, CJ El-Hout, N AF Todd, James Glaz, Barry Irey, Michael S. Zhao, Duli Hu, Chen-Jian El-Hout, Nael TI Sugarcane Genotype Selection on a Sand Soil with and without Added Mill Mud SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; YIELD AB In Florida, long-term results for identifying high yielding sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars have been better for Histosols (muck soils) than sand soils. We examined whether selection could be improved by comparing genotypes on a sand soil with and without added mill mud (MM) (in Florida, MM is primarily muck soil). One Erianthus and 31 sugarcane genotypes were planted in 2007 with MM at 0 or 1510 m(3) ha(-1) in main plots and genotypes as subplots in a 3-yr field experiment on a Margate sand soil (siliceous, hyperthermic Mollic Psammaquent). Commercial recoverable sucrose (CRS) (g kg(-1)), and cane (CY) and sucrose (SY) yields (Mg ha(-1)) were determined during the next 3 yr. Mill mud reduced CRS from 127 to 111 g kg(-1) but increased cane and sucrose yields from 80 to 150 and 10 to 17 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Compared with the check of CP 89-2143, 2, 10, and 8 genotypes were differentially affected by soil treatment (P = 0.10) for CRS, CY, and SY, respectively. CP 01-2390 was the most adapted sand genotype; its CYs on sand with and without MM were 147 and 143 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Compared with previous research, CY responses were well predicted for five genotypes, but poorly predicted for four genotypes in this study. Multiple locations are needed for sugarcane genotype selection on sand soils. Using a sand soil with and without added MM can be a useful supplemental, rather than singular approach for improving sugarcane genotype selection in Florida. C1 [Todd, James; Glaz, Barry; Zhao, Duli] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Irey, Michael S.; Hu, Chen-Jian] US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [El-Hout, Nael] BP Biofuels Highlands LLC, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. RP Todd, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM james.todd@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0304 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 300JM UT WOS:000330460200036 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Hoffmann, WC Kruger, GR Henry, RS Hewitt, A Czaczyk, Z AF Fritz, Bradley K. Hoffmann, W. Clint Kruger, Greg R. Henry, Ryan S. Hewitt, Andrew Czaczyk, Zbigniew TI COMPARISON OF DROP SIZE DATA FROM GROUND AND AERIAL APPLICATION NOZZLES AT THREE TESTING LABORATORIES SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article DE spray atomization; laser diffraction; drop size; agricultural sprays; application technology ID MALVERN LASER-DIFFRACTION; SPRAY DEPOSITION; REQUIREMENTS; DRIFT AB Spray drop size is a critical factor in the performance of any agrochemical solution and is a function of spray solution, nozzle selection, and nozzle operation. Applicators generally select a particular nozzle based on the drop size reported by manufacturers and researchers. Like most population sampling methods, the accurate measurement of spray drop sizing is a function of sampling methodology, accuracy of the measurement, and inferences about a total population from a subset. Studies were conducted to determine the repeatability and accuracy of spray drop size from a standardized set of spray nozzles at three different application technology research laboratories (USDA-ARS in College Station, Texas; University of Nebraska-Lincoln in North Platte, Nebraska; and University of Queensland, Gatton in Gatton, Australia). To minimize differences in drop size measurements between laboratories, the same set of nozzles was used at each location. The three laboratory measurements of drop size varied by less than 5% except for the measurement of the very largest drops in a spray plume. Day-to-day differences in drop size measurements within each lab were also found to be around 5%. This work shows that through careful monitoring of spray pressure, air speed, and measurement distance, very close agreement in drop size measurements can be obtained between different facilities. C1 [Fritz, Bradley K.; Hoffmann, W. Clint] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kruger, Greg R.; Henry, Ryan S.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, North Platte, NE USA. [Hewitt, Andrew] Lincoln Univ, Lincoln Agritech, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Hewitt, Andrew] Univ Queensland, Gatton 7640, Australia. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bradfritz@me.com OI Hewitt, Andrew/0000-0001-9210-7013 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1044-5110 EI 1936-2684 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 181 EP 192 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 300TS UT WOS:000330487500005 ER PT J AU Gove, JH Ducey, MJ AF Gove, Jeffrey H. Ducey, Mark J. TI Optimal uneven-aged stocking guides: an application to spruce-fir stands in New England SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD STANDS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY; FOREST STANDS; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH AB Management guides for uneven-aged forest stands periodically need to be revisited and updated based on new information and methods. The current silvicultural guide for uneven-aged spruce-fir management in Maine and the northeast (Frank, R.M. and Bjorkbom, J.C. 1973 A silvicultural guide for spruce-fir in the northeast. General Technical Report NE-6, Forest Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture) presents two options for each of three different cutting cycles, and all guides are based on a negative exponential distribution for the number of trees by diameter class. While this guide claims to be optimal, it will be demonstrated that it is not necessarily optimal in any commonly accepted sense and is overly restrictive in its adherence to the negative exponential model of stand structure. We review a methodology that allows the objective determination of optimal stocking guides for uneven-aged stands that can be tailored to the individual stand and provides consideration for a number of alternative objectives and cutting cycles. These guides do not necessarily conform to the strict negative exponential distribution. They also suggest residual basal areas somewhat lower than those recommended by the current spruce-fir silvicultural guide for the northeastern USA. C1 [Gove, Jeffrey H.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jgove@fs.fed.us RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU Theme 1 of the Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX This work was partially supported by a grant, 'Balancing Economic Productivity and Structural Diversity in Uneven-Aged Management of Spruce-Fir Forests,' from Theme 1 of the Northeastern States Research Cooperative. The authors thank Dr Paul E. Sendak, Mr Robert M. Frank, the Editor, Dr Gary Kerr and the two anonymous referees for their encouragement and helpful suggestions on this research. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X EI 1464-3626 J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JAN PY 2014 VL 87 IS 1 SI SI BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpt040 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 300CR UT WOS:000330442500006 ER PT J AU Chojnacky, DC Heath, LS Jenkins, JC AF Chojnacky, David C. Heath, Linda S. Jenkins, Jennifer C. TI Updated generalized biomass equations for North American tree species SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS; ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; GLANDULOSA VAR GLANDULOSA; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS; COARSE ROOT BIOMASS; LEAF-AREA; DOUGLAS-FIR; ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS AB Historically, tree biomass at large scales has been estimated by applying dimensional analysis techniques and field measurements such as diameter at breast height (dbh) in allometric regression equations. Equations often have been developed using differing methods and applied only to certain species or isolated areas. We previously had compiled and combined (in meta-analysis) available diameter-based allometric regression equations for estimating total aboveground and component dry-weight biomass for US trees. This had resulted in a set of 10 consistent, national-scale aboveground biomass regression equations for US species, as well as equations for predicting biomass of tree components as proportions of total aboveground biomass. In this update of our published equation database and refinement of our model, we developed equations based on allometric scaling theory, using taxonomic groupings and wood specific gravity as surrogates for scaling parameters that we could not estimate. The new approach resulted in 35 theoretically based generalized equations (13 conifer, 18 hardwood, 4 woodland), compared with the previous empirically grouped 10. For trees from USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) plots, with forest types grouped into conifers and hardwoods, previous and updated equations produced nearly identical estimates that predicted 20 per cent higher biomass than FIA estimates. Differences were observed between previous and updated equation estimates when comparisons were made using individual FIA forest types. C1 [Chojnacky, David C.] Virginia Tech, Adjunct Fac, Forest Biometr Forest Resources & Environm Conser, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jenkins, Jennifer C.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chojnacky, DC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Adjunct Fac, Forest Biometr Forest Resources & Environm Conser, 144 Rees Pl, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. EM dchojnac@vt.edu FU US Joint Fire Science Program [07-3-1-05]; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station [07-3-1-05, 09-JV-1142305-128] FX This work was supported by the US Joint Fire Science Program (project no. 07-3-1-05); and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station (Joint Venture #09-JV-1142305-128, project no. 07-3-1-05). NR 198 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 11 U2 82 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X EI 1464-3626 J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JAN PY 2014 VL 87 IS 1 SI SI BP 129 EP 151 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpt053 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 300CR UT WOS:000330442500011 ER PT J AU Yang, X Copes, WE Hong, CX AF Yang, Xiao Copes, Warren E. Hong, Chuanxue TI Two novel species representing a new clade and cluster of Phytophthora SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cox1; High temperature-tolerant cluster; Irrigation water; ITS; Phytophthora macilentosa; Phytophthora stricta ID CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-II; SP-NOV.; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; IRRIGATION RESERVOIRS; GENUS PHYTOPHTHORA; EVOLUTIONARY; DNA; SEQUENCES; PATHOGEN; MITOCHONDRIAL AB Phytophthora stricta sp. nov. and Phytophthora macilentosa sp. nov. are described based on morphological, physiological and molecular characters in this study. Phytophthora stricta represents a previously unknown clade in the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogeny. Phytophthora rnacilentosa, along with nine other species, consistently forms a high temperature-tolerant cluster within ITS clade 9. These observations are supported by the sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. Both- species are heterothallic and all examined isolates are Al mating type. Phytophthora stricta produces nonpapillate and slightly caducous sporangia. This species is named after its characteristic constrictions on sporangiophores. Phytophthora macilentosa produces nonpapillate and noncaducous sporangia, which are mostly elongated obpyriform with a high length to breadth ratio. Both species were recovered from irrigation water of an ornamental plant nursery in Mississippi, USA and P. stricta was also recovered from stream water in Virginia, USA. (C) 2013 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Xiao; Hong, Chuanxue] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Hampton Rd Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA USA. [Copes, Warren E.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Southern Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS USA. RP Yang, X (reprint author), 1444 Diamond Springs Rd, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. EM yxiao9@vt.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture/National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2005-51101-02337, 2010-51181-21140] FX This research was supported in part by a grant from United States Department of Agriculture/National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2005-51101-02337, 2010-51181-21140). We thank Mrs. Patricia Richardson for her assistance in maintaining the cultures and submitting PCR products for DNA sequencing during the study. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 EI 1878-6162 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 118 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.11.003 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 300WE UT WOS:000330493900006 PM 24433678 ER PT J AU Ma, YM Staub, JE Robbins, MD Johnson, PG Larson, SR AF Ma, Yingmei Staub, Jack E. Robbins, Matthew D. Johnson, Paul G. Larson, Steven R. TI Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Kyrgyz fine-leaved Festuca valesiaca germplasm for use in semi-arid, low-maintenance turf applications SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE AFLP genotyping; Festuca valesiaca; Genetic distance; Morphological evaluation; Multivariate analysis ID ANATOLIAN REGION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; UNITED-STATES; GROUP POACEAE; FESCUE; GRASSES; PHYLOGENY; DIVERSITY; TOLERANCE; SEQUENCES AB Fine-leaved Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin (2n = 2x-4x) is native to heavily-grazed, cold, semi-arid, Asian rangelands. However, its potential for low-maintenance turf applications in the semi-arid western United States and its relatedness to other agriculturally important Festuca species have not been investigated. Therefore, a project was designed to identify F. valesiaca accessions that possess horticultural potential when grown under semi-arid growing conditions and to characterize their relatedness to other Festuca species. In 2008, 12 F. valesiaca accessions originating fromKyrgyzstan and eight US. Festuca and one Lolium cultivar were transplanted as replicated, spaced plants to a field nursery at Blue Creek, Utah. Relative vigor, height, width, total biomass (aboveground dry matter yield), seed weight, and seed number were evaluated between 2009 and 2011. Plant height, width, and total biomass of the F. valesiaca accessions examined were approximately equal to the commercial control, 'Cascade' (F. rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaudin; 6x; chewings fescue). Plant vigor and seed weight of F. valesiaca accessions PI 659923, PI 659932, W6 30575, and W6 30588 under semi-arid conditions (similar to 300 mm annual precipitation) were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than 'Cascade'. Moreover, principal component analysis based on all traits as loading factors indicated that these 12 F. valesiaca accessions were distinct from a majority of the other Festuca accessions examined. These F. valesiaca accessions produced abundant amounts of small seed, and this seed yield was significantly correlated with total aboveground biomass (dry weight; r(2) = 0.84, P < 0.001), plant height (r(2) = 0.58, P < 0.05), and plant vigor (r(2) = 0.83, P < 0.001). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis (1,454 polymorphic bands) was used to characterize F. valesiaca relatedness to other economically important Festuca species. The AFLP-based, neighbor-joining analysis differentiated F. valesiaca accessions from US Festuca cultivars examined, except for 'Durar' (F. ovina L.; 6x; sheep fescue), to which they had strong genetic affinities. Given their morphological attributes, F. valesiaca PI 659923, W6 30575, PI 659932, and W6 30588 should be considered for use in low-maintenance, semi-arid turf improvement programs in the western US. C1 [Ma, Yingmei; Johnson, Paul G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plant Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Staub, Jack E.; Robbins, Matthew D.; Larson, Steven R.] ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jack.staub@ars.usda.gov FU US Federal Joint Research and Extension Programs in China [2009-34613-20214]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory FX Financial support for a graduate assistantship was given through the US. Federal Joint Research and Extension Programs in China (Grant No. 2009-34613-20214) administered by Utah State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory gave research support. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 EI 1573-5109 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 1 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s10722-013-0025-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 298BH UT WOS:000330298400013 ER PT J AU Wise, R Surana, P Fuerst, G Xu, R Mistry, D Diekerson, J Nettleton, D AF Wise, Roger Surana, Priyanka Fuerst, Greg Xu, Ruo Mistry, Divya Diekerson, Julie Nettleton, Dan TI Flor Revisited (Again): eQTL and Mutational Analysis of NB-LRR Mediated Immunity to Powdery Mildew in Barley SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Review DE eQTL; transcript profiling; immunity; resistance signaling; barley; Blumeria graminis ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BASAL DEFENSE; TRIGGERED IMMUNITY; COMPLEX; REVEALS; SYSTEM; ARCHITECTURE; ARABIDOPSIS; DEPENDENCE AB Genes encoding early signaling events in pathogen defense often are identified only by their phenotype. Such genes involved in barley-powdery mildew interactions include Mla, specifying race-specific resistance; Ran l (Required for Mla12-specified resistance1), and Rom1 (Restoration of Mla-specified resistance1). The HSP90-SGT1-RAR1 complex appears to function as chaperone in MLA-specified resistance, however, much remains to be discovered regarding the precise signaling underlying plant immunity. Generic analyses of fast-neutron mutants derived from CI 16151 (Mla6) uncovered a novel locus, designated Rar3 (Required for Mla6-specified resistance3). Rar3 segregates independent of Mla6 and Rar1, and rar3 mutants are susceptible to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) isolate 5874 (AVR(a6)), whereas, wild-type progenitor plants are resistant. Comparative expression analyses of the rar3 mutant vs. its wild-type progenitor were conducted via Barley1 GeneChip and GAIIx paired-end RNA-Seq. Whereas Rar3 affects transcription of relatively few genes; Rar3 appears to influence thousands, notably in genes controlling ATP binding, catalytic activity, transcription, and phosphorylation; possibly membrane bound or in the nucleus. eQTL analysis of a segregating doubled haploid population identified over two-thousand genes as being regulated by Mla (q value/FDR=0.00001), a subset of which are significant in Rar3 interactions. The intersection of datasets derived from mla-loss-of-function mutants, Mla-associated eQTL, and rar3-mediated transcriptome reprogramming are narrowing the focus on essential genes required for Mla-specified immunity. C1 [Wise, Roger; Fuerst, Greg] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger; Surana, Priyanka; Fuerst, Greg] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger; Surana, Priyanka; Mistry, Divya; Diekerson, Julie; Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Xu, Ruo; Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mistry, Divya; Diekerson, Julie] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu FU USA National Science Foundation-Plant Genome Program grant [0922746] FX Research supported in part by USA National Science Foundation-Plant Genome Program grant (0922746). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2095-3119 J9 J INTEGR AGR JI J. Integr. Agric. PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60651-6 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 297KW UT WOS:000330255300003 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Rouse, M Groth, J AF Jin, Yue Rouse, Matt Groth, Jim TI Population Diversity of Puccinia graminis is Sustained Through Sexual Cycle on Alternate Hosts SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici; wheat stem rust; alternate host; Mahonia aquifolium; M. repens; Berberis vulgaris ID STEM RUST AB A high degree of virulence diversity has been maintained in the population of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) in northwestern United States. Although Berberis vulgaris is present in the region and Pgt has been isolated from aecial infections on B. vulgaris, the population is too diverse to be explained by the limited presence of B. vulgaris alone. Since 2008, we have isolated P. graminis from aecial infections on fruits of Mahonia repens and Mahonia aquifolium from northwestern United States. These two native woody shrub species, widely distributed in western North America, were once classified as resistant to P. graminis based on artificial inoculations. By isolating P. graminis from aecia, we established that M repens and M aquifolium along with B. vulgaris (albeit infrequent) serve as the alternate hosts of P. graminis in the region. The isolates of P. graminis from Mahonia of North America had diverse virulence patterns and most of the isolates could be differentiated on Morocco, Line E, Chinese Spring, Little Club, LMPG-6, Rusty, and other genotypes that are considered to be universally susceptible to most Pgt isolates. This discovery explained the persistence of virulence diversity of Pgt observed in isolates derived from uredinia on cereal crops in the region. In addition to cereal crops, uredinial stage of the P. graminis population is sustained by wild grasses, especially Elymus glaucus, a native grass sharing the same habitat with the rusted Mahonia spp. Although virulence to some important stem rust resistance genes was observed in some isolates derived from Mahonia of North America when tested against single stem rust resistance gene stocks, the overall virulence is very limited in these isolates. This is likely a result of limited selection pressure on the rust population. In contrast to northwestern United Sates, the Pgt population in east of the Rocky Mountains of North America has declined steadily with a single race, QFCSC, being predominant in the last decade. This decline is likely due to a combination of factors, of which a lack of sexual recombination in the region is perhaps the most important one. C1 [Jin, Yue; Rouse, Matt] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Yue.Jin@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2095-3119 J9 J INTEGR AGR JI J. Integr. Agric. PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60647-4 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 297KW UT WOS:000330255300006 ER PT J AU Paz-Alberto, AM Celestino, AB Sigua, GC AF Melinda Paz-Alberto, Annie Celestino, Arnel B. Sigua, Gilbert C. TI Phytoremediation of Pb in the sediment of a mangrove ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Coal-fired power plant; Heavy metals; Mangroves; Pb; Phytoremediation ID MARINA FORSK. VIERH; AVICENNIA-MARINA; RHIZOPHORA-APICULATA; TROPICAL PLANTS; GREY MANGROVE; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; COPPER; POTENTIALS; SALINITY AB Purpose Coal-fuelled power plants can discharge hazardous materials, particularly heavy metals such as lead (Pb). An alternative way of reducing Pb concentration from contaminated sediments is through phytoremediation. Presently, there are few research findings on the phytoremediation potential of mangroves on metals like Pb. The study was conducted to survey and identify mangroves that thrive near the coal-fired power plant and to assess the phytoremediation potential of mangroves on Pb in sediment. Materials and methods The study sites were located in the mangrove ecosystems of Sitio Oyon and Sitio Asinan in Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines. The first stage of our study was to survey and identify the mangrove species. The second stage was to assess the levels of Pb in the sediments, water, and tissues of mangrove trees. The diversity assessment of the mangrove species was done through the use of 10x12 m quadrat technique. Water and sediment samples from each mangrove ecosystem were collected using composite sampling methods. Results and discussion Three mangrove species were identified in the study sites: Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. The order of importance of the mangrove trees in the two sampling locations, based on an importance value index (IVI), were as follows: SA (IVI = 171.20)>AM (77.79)>RS (51.01). The total uptake of Pb from sediments near the power plants varied significantly (p <= 0.001) among the three mangrove species. S. alba had the highest Pb uptake of 48.4 kg ha(-1) followed by A. marina (23.1 kg ha(-1)), and R. stylosa (2.4 kg ha(-1)). These three mangrove species have the potential to phytoremediate Pb in the sediment. Conclusions The three mangrove species present in the coastal ecosystem near the electric power plant-A. marina, R. stylosa, and S. alba-were potential phytoremediators of sediment Pb. The present study indicated that the mangroves possess beneficial characteristics that remove Pb from contaminated sediments in areas directly affected by coal-fired power plants, and thus have potential phytoremediation properties. C1 [Melinda Paz-Alberto, Annie; Celestino, Arnel B.] Cent Luzon State Univ, Inst Climate Change & Environm Management, Sci City Of Munoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. [Sigua, Gilbert C.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plants Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plants Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 42 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD JAN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s11368-013-0752-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 299MA UT WOS:000330398600023 ER PT J AU Anzaldo, SS Dombroskie, J Brown, JW AF Anzaldo, Salvatore S. Dombroskie, Jason Brown, John W. TI MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION, TAXONOMIC DISTRIBUTION, AND PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CORNUTI IN TORTRICINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE deciduous cornuti; genitalia; morphology; phylogeny; reproduction; vesica ID SPECIES LEPIDOPTERA; PHRICANTHINI; SPARGANOTHINI; SYSTEMATICS; MEYRICK; GENERA; GENUS AB Based on the examination of 4,218 slide-mounted preparations of male and female genitalia of tortricine moths, representing all major clades of the subfamily worldwide, we propose a classification system for cornuti based on four criteria: (1) presence/absence; (2) deciduous/non-deciduous; (3) type of attachment; and (4) shape. In general, the taxonomic distribution of deciduous versus non-deciduous cornuti is in conformance with a recent phylogenetic hypothesis of the family. Some sister groups (i.e., tribes) have remarkably similar cornuti (e.g., Atteriini and Sparganothini); however, between other sister groups, features of the cornuti (presence/absence, attachment, shape, size, etc.) provide little or no evidence of putative relationships (e.g., Ceracini and Archipini). Our studies suggest that if deciduous cornuti are homologous throughout Tortricidae, which seems likely, this feature arose near the base of the tree at the branch that supports the sister groups Olethreutinae + Tortricinae. The least derived Tortricinae (i.e., Phricanthini) possess typical deciduous cornuti as do most Archipini, Sparganothini, and Atteriini, and some Epitymbiini (Tortricinae), as well as some Eucosmini and Grapholitini (Olethreutinae). C1 [Anzaldo, Salvatore S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dombroskie, Jason] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Anzaldo, SS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM salvatoreanzaldo@gmail.com; jjd278@cornell.edu; john.brown@ars.usda.gov FU Smithsonian Institution NHRE internship; U.S. Department Agriculture FX We thank Mark Metz and Gary Ouellette for assistance in capturing images and preparing the plates of illustrations. Research conducted by SA was supported by a Smithsonian Institution NHRE internship. Research by JB was supported by the U.S. Department Agriculture, an equal opportunity provider and employer. The following provided comments and/or other useful information that assisted in the development of the project and/or manuscript: Jozef Razowski, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; and Steven Lingafelter, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.1.1 PG 31 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 300VR UT WOS:000330492600001 ER PT J AU Chamorro, ML Jendek, E AF Chamorro, Maria Lourdes Jendek, Eduard TI AGRILUS RUBENSTEINI, A NEW SPECIES FROM THE PHILIPPINES RELATED TO THE EMERALD ASH BORER, AGRILUS PLANIPENNIS FAIRMAIRE (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Agrilus cyaneoniger species-group; southeast Asia; Oriental; Agtilini; wood-boring beetles AB A new species from the Philippines closely related to the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is described: Agrilus rubensteini Chamorro and Jendek, new species. This is the first species in the A. cyaneoniger species-group recorded for the Philippines. Agrilus rubensteini resembles A. pseudolubopetri Jendek and Chamorro specifically by the elongate and narrow body shape, the narrow marginal and submarginal pronotal interspace not reaching the anterior pronotal margin, absent prehumerus and arcuate elytral apices, however, it can be easily distinguished from any other species in the group by the presence of golden tomentum in lateral pronotal impressions and laterally on ventrites 3 and 4. C1 [Chamorro, Maria Lourdes] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Jendek, Eduard] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Plant Lab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Chamorro, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM lourdes.chamorro@ars.usda.gov; jendeke@gmail.com FU Office of International Programs, United States Forest Service FX For consultation, providing specimens, and/or hosting our visits, we thank Shepherd Myers and G. Allan Samuelson (Bishop Museum) and Steven W. Lingafelter (USDA ARS SEL). We thank Kevin Hackett (National Programs Staff, ARS), Alma Solis (USDA ARS SEL), Dana Roth and Darcy Nelson (Forest Service, International Programs) for their efforts to secure funding for this project. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions toward improving this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by a grant from the Office of International Programs, United States Forest Service. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.1.32 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 300VR UT WOS:000330492600002 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Halbert, SE AF Miller, Gary L. Halbert, Susan E. TI A NEW SPECIES OF NEOPHYLLAPHIS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE: NEOPHYLLAPHIDINAE) WITH KEYS TO SPECIES ON PODOCARPUS (PINALES: PODOCARPACEAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE aphid; adventive species; COI; EF-1 alpha; key; Podocarpus ID US AGRICULTURE; NORTH; AMERICA; THREAT; FAUNA; LIFE AB An adventive, previously undescribed species, Neophyllaphis varicolor Miller and Halbert, n. sp., is described and illustrated. A modified key to Neophyllaphis found on Podocarpus spp. (Podocarpaceae) and a key to Neophyllaphis in the USA are provided. C1 [Miller, Gary L.] ARS, USDA, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Halbert, Susan E.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Entomol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gary.Miller@ars.usda.gov; Susan.Halbert@freshfromflorida.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.1.69 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 300VR UT WOS:000330492600004 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ALLANTINAE (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) FROM BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawfly; new genus; new species; South America AB Triallan flintorum, n. gen., n. sp., are described from Brazil. The genus is separated from other genera of Allantinae. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM sawfly2@aol.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.1.98 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 300VR UT WOS:000330492600007 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Grissell, EE AF Smith, David R. Grissell, E. E. TI SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA: SYMPHYTA) IN A JUNIPER-OAK-GRASSLAND HABITAT IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawfly sampling; southwestern United States ID GENUS SUSANA ROHWER; TENTHREDINIDAE; MIDDLETON; ARGIDAE AB We sampled a juniper-oak-grassland habitat in southeastern Arizona for Symphyta over a seven-year period. Collections included 27 species of Symphyta: 1 Xyelidae, 5 Pergidae, 1 Diprionidae, 16 Argidae, and 4 Tenthredinidae. The peak season for sawflies is July through September, coinciding with the rainy season. Five new species are described, Acordulecera brevis Smith, A. tristis Smith, and A. comoa Smith (Pergidae), and Eustromboceros arizonicus Smith and E. alboclypea Smith (Tenthredinidae). Previously unknown males are described for Sphacophilus apiculus Smith, Zynzus luteiventris (Cameron) (Argidae), and Susana rufa Smith (Tenthredinidae). Zynzus himus Smith is a new record for the United States, and Periclista is a new generic record for Arizona. C1 [Smith, David R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, USDA,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, USDA,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM sawfly2@aol.com; egrissell@gmail.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 102 EP 125 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.1.102 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 300VR UT WOS:000330492600008 ER PT J AU Koehler, AE Whisenhunt, WD Volesky, JD Reece, PE Holman, TL Moser, LE AF Koehler, Ann E. Whisenhunt, W. Douglas Volesky, Jerry D. Reece, Patrick E. Holman, Thomas L. Moser, Lowell E. TI Yield Response of Needle-and-Thread and Threadleaf Sedge to Moisture Regime and Spring and Fall Defoliation SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carex filifolia; drought; fall regrowth; Hesperostipa comata; Stipa comata ID GREAT-PLAINS; THURBER NEEDLEGRASS; HERBAGE; QUALITY AB Little information is available to help managers of cool-season dominated semiarid rangelands determine when to begin and end grazing in the spring and fall. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of clipping spring and fall growth on subsequent-year yield of needle-and-thread (Hesperostipa comata [Trin. & Rupr.] Barkworth) and threadleaf sedge (Carex filifolia Nutt.) (USDA-NRCS 2012) using a randomized complete block, split-plot experimental design with fall moisture regimes (ambient or supplemental water) applied to main plots and defoliation treatments applied to subplots. Two combinations of spring defoliation, one for each fall moisture regime, were composed of a factorial array of three spring clipping dates (early May, late May, mid-June) and three levels of defoliation (0%, 40%, 80%). A third combination of treatments was composed of the supplemental water regime and an array of a single spring clipping date (late May), a single fall clipping date (late September, after regrowth), and three levels of defoliation (0%, 40%, 80%) in the same year. Ambient fall moisture was low, leading to continued senescence of needle-and-thread and threadleaf sedge, whereas the application of 10 cm of supplemental water in mid-August stimulated fall growth. The study was replicated with two sets of main plots at four sites in consecutive years, 2002 and 2003. Yield data were collected in mid-June of the year following treatment. Subsequent-year yield of needle-and-thread was not affected by defoliation under average plant-year precipitation conditions (2003) (P > 0.05); however, it was reduced following heavy (80%) late spring (late May or June) defoliation during a drought year (2002) (P > 0.05). Subsequent-year yield of threadleaf sedge was not affected by defoliation in either year (P > 0.05). Because it is difficult to predict when drought will occur, avoiding heavy late-spring grazing in needle-and-thread dominated pastures in consecutive years would be prudent. C1 [Koehler, Ann E.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Whisenhunt, W. Douglas] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Volesky, Jerry D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, West Cent Res & Extens Ctr, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Reece, Patrick E.; Holman, Thomas L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Moser, Lowell E.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Koehler, AE (reprint author), Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, 4502 Ave 1, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM ann.koehler@unmc.edu FU Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) grant [GSP 002/02]; Hatch Act FX Research was funded in part by a Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) grant, GSP 002/02, and by funds provided through the Hatch Act. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00013.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300WW UT WOS:000330495700006 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Crowder, JL Wester, DB AF Vermeire, Lance T. Crowder, Jessica L. Wester, David B. TI Semiarid Rangeland Is Resilient to Summer Fire and Postfire Grazing Utilization SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE drought; grassland; herbivory; prescribed burn; productivity; wildfire ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GROWING-SEASON FIRE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MIXED PRAIRIE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; WILDFIRE AB Most wildfires occur during summer in the northern hemisphere, the area burned annually is increasing, and fire effects during this season are least understood. Understanding plant response to grazing following summer fire is required to reduce ecological and financial risks associated with wildfire. Forty 0.75-ha plots were assigned to summer fire then 0, 17, 34 or 50% biomass removal by grazing the following growing season, or no fire and no grazing. Root, litter, and aboveground biomass were measured before fire, immediately after grazing, and 1 yr after grazing with the experiment repeated during 2 yr to evaluate weather effects. Fire years were followed by the second driest and fifth wettest springs in 70 yr. Biomass was more responsive to weather than fire and grazing, with a 452% increase from a dry to wet year and 31% reduction from a wet to average spring. Fire reduced litter 53% and had no first-year effect on productivity for any biomass component. Grazing after fire reduced postgrazing grass biomass along the prescribed utilization gradient. Fire and grazing had no effect on total aboveground productivity the year after grazing compared to nonburned, nongrazed sites (1 327 vs. 1 249 +/- 65 kg . ha(-1)). Fire and grazing increased grass productivity 16%, particularly for Pascopyrum smithii. The combined disturbances reduced forbs (51%), annual grasses (49%), and litter (46%). Results indicate grazing with up to 50% biomass removal the first growing season after summer fire was not detrimental to productivity of semiarid rangeland plant communities. Livestock exclusion the year after summer fire did not increase productivity or shift species composition compared to grazed sites. Reduction of previous years' standing dead material was the only indication that fire may temporarily reduce forage availability. The consistent responses among dry, wet, and near-average years suggest plant response is species-specific rather than climatically controlled. C1 [Vermeire, Lance T.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Crowder, Jessica L.] Wyoming Dept Agr Nat Resources & Policy, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. [Wester, David B.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Anim Rangeland & Wildlife Sci Dept, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Wester, David B.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM Lance.Vermeire@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00007.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300WW UT WOS:000330495700007 ER PT J AU Madsen, MD Davies, KW Mummey, DL Svejcar, TJ AF Madsen, Matthew D. Davies, Kirk W. Mummey, Daniel L. Svejcar, Tony J. TI Improving Restoration of Exotic Annual Grass-Invaded Rangelands Through Activated Carbon Seed Enhancement Technologies SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE annual grasses; bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata); downy brome/cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); herbicide protection pod; revegetation; seed coating ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; ALLIARIA-PETIOLATA; PERENNIAL GRASSES; ELYMUS-ELYMOIDES; INVASIVE PLANTS; HERBICIDES; ESTABLISHMENT AB Cost-efficient strategies for revegetating annual grass-infested rangelands are limited. Restoration efforts typically comprise a combination of pre-emergent herbicide application and seeding to restore desired plant materials. However, practitioners struggle with applying herbicide at rates sufficient to achieve weed control without damaging nontarget species. The objective of this research was to determine if seed enhancement technologies using activated carbon would improve selectivity of the pre-emergent herbicide imazapic. Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) seed was either untreated, coated with activated carbon, or incorporated into "herbicide protection pods" (HPPs) made of activated carbon through a newly developed seed extrusion technique. In a grow-room facility, bluebunch wheatgrass seeds were sown in pots that contained seed of the exotic-annual grass downy brome (Bromus tectorum). After planting, pots were sprayed with 70, 105, 140, or 210 g acid equivalent (ae) . ha(-1) of imazapic or left unsprayed. Where herbicide was not applied, downy brome biomass dominated the growing space. Imazapic effectively controlled downy brome and untreated bluebunch wheatgrass. Seed coating improved bluebunch wheatgrass tolerance to imazapic at 70 g ae . ha(-1). HPPs provided protection from imazapic at all application rates. When untreated seeds and HPPs are compared at the four levels of herbicide application (excluding the no herbicide level), HPPs on average were 4.8-, 3.8-, and 19.0-fold higher than untreated seeds in density, height, and biomass, respectively. These results indicate that HPPs and, to a lesser extent, activated carbon coated seed have the potential to further enhance a single-entry revegetation program by providing land practitioners with the ability to apply imazapic at rates necessary for weed control while minimizing nontarget plant injury. Additional research is merited for further development and evaluation of these seed enhancement technologies, including field studies, before they can be recommended as restoration treatments. C1 [Madsen, Matthew D.; Davies, Kirk W.; Svejcar, Tony J.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Mummey, Daniel L.] MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT 59870 USA. RP Madsen, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM matthew.madsen@oregonstate.edu FU Aquatrols Corporation of America; USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Rangeland Research Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX Research was funded by Aquatrols Corporation of America, USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Rangeland Research Program, and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00050.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300WW UT WOS:000330495700008 ER PT J AU Fox, CM Kim, KS Cregan, PB Hill, CB Hartman, GL Diers, BW AF Fox, Carolyn M. Kim, Ki-Seung Cregan, Perry B. Hill, Curtis B. Hartman, Glen L. Diers, Brian W. TI Inheritance of soybean aphid resistance in 21 soybean plant introductions SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; SEED TRAITS; PI 200538; LINES; RAG1; HEMIPTERA; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; GERMPLASM AB Key Message The Rag2 region was frequently identified among 21 F (2) populations evaluated for soybean aphid resistance, and dominant gene action and single-gene resistance were also commonly identified. The soybean aphid [Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] is one of the most important insect pests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] in the northern USA and southern Canada, and four resistance loci (Rag1-rag4) have been discovered since the pest was identified in the USA in 2000. The objective of this research was to determine whether resistance expression in recently identified soybean aphid-resistant plant introductions (PIs) was associated with the four Rag loci using a collection of 21 F-2 populations. The F-2 populations were phenotyped with soybean aphid biotype 1, which is avirulent on plants having any of the currently identified Rag genes, using choice tests in the greenhouse and were tested with genetic markers linked to the four Rag loci. The phenotyping results indicate that soybean aphid resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene in 14 PIs, by two genes in three PIs, and four PIs had no clear Mendelian inheritance patterns. Genetic markers flanking Rag2 were significantly associated with aphid resistance in 20 PIs, the Rag1 region was significantly identified in five PIs, and the Rag3 region was identified in one PI. These results show that single dominant gene action at the Rag2 region may be a major source for aphid resistance in the USDA soybean germplasm collection. C1 [Fox, Carolyn M.; Kim, Ki-Seung; Hill, Curtis B.; Hartman, Glen L.; Diers, Brian W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cregan, Perry B.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fox, CM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cbonin2@illinois.edu FU Illinois Soybean Association; United Soybean Board FX This work was supported by soybean check-off funding from the Illinois Soybean Association to B. D. and funding from the United Soybean Board to C. F. We also thank Laura Crull and Sarah Schultz for experiment assistance and support. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 127 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2199-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 300AJ UT WOS:000330436500004 PM 24072206 ER PT J AU Barba, P Cadle-Davidson, L Harriman, J Glaubitz, JC Brooks, S Hyma, K Reisch, B AF Barba, Paola Cadle-Davidson, Lance Harriman, James Glaubitz, Jeffrey C. Brooks, Siraprapa Hyma, Katie Reisch, Bruce TI Grapevine powdery mildew resistance and susceptibility loci identified on a high-resolution SNP map SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; GENOME; DISCOVERY AB Improved efficacy and durability of powdery mildew resistance can be enhanced via knowledge of the genetics of resistance and susceptibility coupled with the development of high-resolution maps to facilitate the stacking of multiple resistance genes and other desirable traits. We studied the inheritance of powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) resistance and susceptibility of wild Vitis rupestris B38 and cultivated V. vinifera 'Chardonnay', finding evidence for quantitative variation. Molecular markers were identified using genotyping-by-sequencing, resulting in 16,833 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on alignment to the V. vinifera 'PN40024' reference genome sequence. With an average density of 36 SNPs/Mbp and uniform coverage of the genome, this 17K set was used to identify 11 SNPs on chromosome 7 associated with a resistance locus from V. rupestris B38 and ten SNPs on chromosome 9 associated with a locus for susceptibility from 'Chardonnay' using single marker association and linkage disequilibrium analysis. Linkage maps for V. rupestris B38 (1,146 SNPs) and 'Chardonnay' (1,215 SNPs) were constructed and used to corroborate the 'Chardonnay' locus named Sen1 (Susceptibility to Erysiphe necator 1), providing the first insight into the genetics of susceptibility to powdery mildew from V. vinifera. The identification of markers associated with a susceptibility locus in a V. vinifera background can be used for negative selection among breeding progenies. This work improves our understanding of the nature of powdery mildew resistance in V. rupestris B38 and 'Chardonnay', while applying next-generation sequencing tools to advance grapevine genomics and breeding. C1 [Barba, Paola] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cadle-Davidson, Lance; Brooks, Siraprapa] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Harriman, James; Glaubitz, Jeffrey C.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hyma, Katie] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Reisch, Bruce] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Reisch, B (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM bruce.reisch@cornell.edu FU BecasChile; USDA Viticulture Consortium-East; New York Wine & Grape Foundation; Lake Erie Regional Grape Processors Fund; USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2011-51181-30635] FX We thank Edward Buckler and Qi Sun for support with GBS procedures and genetic analysis; Alex Lipka for statistical advice; and Laura Shannon for her help in R/QTL use and linkage map construction. This research was supported by BecasChile, the USDA Viticulture Consortium-East, the New York Wine & Grape Foundation, and the Lake Erie Regional Grape Processors Fund. Partial funding was also provided by a USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Specialty Crop Research Initiative Competitive Grant, Award No. 2011-51181-30635. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 127 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2202-x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 300AJ UT WOS:000330436500007 PM 24072208 ER PT J AU Cardinal, AJ Whetten, R Wang, SB Auclair, J Hyten, D Cregan, P Bachlava, E Gillman, J Ramirez, M Dewey, R Upchurch, G Miranda, L Burton, JW AF Cardinal, Andrea J. Whetten, Rebecca Wang, Sanbao Auclair, Jerome Hyten, David Cregan, Perry Bachlava, Eleni Gillman, Jason Ramirez, Martha Dewey, Ralph Upchurch, Greg Miranda, Lilian Burton, Joseph W. TI Mapping the low palmitate fap1 mutation and validation of its effects in soybean oil and agronomic traits in three soybean populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; ACID CONTENT; SEED OIL; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACID; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; SELECTION; LOCI AB Key message fap 1 mutation is caused by a G174A change in GmKASIIIA that disrupts a donor splice site recognition and creates a GATCTG motif that enhanced its expression. Soybean oil with reduced palmitic acid content is desirable to reduce the health risks associated with consumption of this fatty acid. The objectives of this study were: to identify the genomic location of the reduced palmitate fap1 mutation, determine its molecular basis, estimate the amount of phenotypic variation in fatty acid composition explained by this locus, determine if there are epistatic interactions between the fap1 and fap (nc) loci and, determine if the fap1 mutation has pleiotropic effects on seed yield, oil and protein content in three soybean populations. This study detected two major QTL for 16:0 content located in chromosome 5 (GmFATB1a, fap (nc)) and chromosome 9 near BARCSOYSSR_09_1707 that explained, with their interaction, 66-94 % of the variation in 16:0 content in the three populations. Sequencing results of a putative candidate gene, GmKASIIIA, revealed a single unique polymorphism in the germplasm line C1726, which was predicted to disrupt the donor splice site recognition between exon one and intron one and produce a truncated KASIIIA protein. This G to A change also created the GATCTG motif that enhanced gene expression of the mutated GmKASIIIA gene. Lines homozygous for the GmKASIIIA mutation (fap1) had a significant reduction in 16:0, 18:0, and oil content; and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids content. There were significant epistatic interactions between GmKASIIIA (fap1) and fap (nc) for 16:0 and oil contents, and seed yield in two populations. In conclusion, the fap1 phenotype is caused by a single unique SNP in the GmKASIIIA gene. C1 [Cardinal, Andrea J.; Whetten, Rebecca; Wang, Sanbao; Dewey, Ralph] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Auclair, Jerome] Coop Federee, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hyten, David; Cregan, Perry] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hyten, David] DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Bachlava, Eleni] Monsanto Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Gillman, Jason] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ramirez, Martha; Upchurch, Greg; Miranda, Lilian; Burton, Joseph W.] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Cardinal, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM andrea.cardinal@syngenta.com OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 FU United Soybean Board [59-.6645-2-071] FX The authors would like to thank William Novitzky at the USDA-ARS Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, for providing training and equipment for the fatty acid analysis; James B. Holland for providing technical expertise in QTL analysis and discussion of results; Martha Ramirez for isolating RNA; and Carol Griffin for performing Northern analysis. This project was funded by the United Soybean Board (Grant # 59-.6645-2-071). NR 57 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 127 IS 1 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2204-8 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 300AJ UT WOS:000330436500009 PM 24132738 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Pinson, SRM Tarpley, L Huang, XY Lahner, B Yakubova, E Baxter, I Guerinot, ML Salt, DE AF Zhang, Min Pinson, Shannon R. M. Tarpley, Lee Huang, Xin-Yuan Lahner, Brett Yakubova, Elena Baxter, Ivan Guerinot, Mary Lou Salt, David E. TI Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with concentrations of 16 elements in unmilled rice grain SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; IRON PLAQUE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHYTIC-ACID; MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS; CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION; GENETIC DISSECTION; BLIGHT RESISTANCE; NATURAL VARIATION AB Key Message QTLs controlling the concentrations elements in rice grain were identified in two mapping populations. The QTLs were clustered such that most genomic regions were associated with more than one element. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the concentrations of 16 elements in whole, unmilled rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain were identified. Two rice mapping populations, the 'Lemont' x 'TeQing' recombinant inbred lines (LT-RILs), and the TeQing-into-Lemont backcross introgression lines (TILs) were used. To increase opportunity to detect and characterize QTLs, the TILs were grown under two contrasting field conditions, flooded and irrigated-but-unflooded. Correlations between the individual elements and between each element with grain shape, plant height, and time of heading were also studied. Transgressive segregation was observed among the LT-RILs for all elements. The 134 QTLs identified as associated with the grain concentrations of individual elements were found clustered into 39 genomic regions, 34 of which were found associated with grain element concentration in more than one population and/or flooding treatment. More QTLs were found significant among flooded TILs (92) than among unflooded TILs (47) or among flooded LT-RILs (40). Twenty-seven of the 40 QTLs identified among the LT-RILs were associated with the same element among the TILs. At least one QTL per element was validated in two or more population/environments. Nearly all of the grain element loci were linked to QTLs affecting additional elements, supporting the concept of element networks within plants. Several of the grain element QTLs co-located with QTLs for grain shape, plant height, and days to heading; but did not always differ for grain elemental concentration as predicted by those traits alone. A number of interesting patterns were found, including a strong Mg-P-K complex. C1 [Zhang, Min] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pinson, Shannon R. M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Tarpley, Lee] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Huang, Xin-Yuan; Salt, David E.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Lahner, Brett] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Yakubova, Elena] Purdue Univ, Hort & Landscape Architecture Dept, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Baxter, Ivan] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Guerinot, Mary Lou] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Pinson, SRM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM minzhang@purdue.edu; Shannon.pinson@ars.usda.gov; ltarpley@tamu.edu; lahnerb@purdue.edu; eyakubov@purdue.edu; ivan.Baxter@ars.usda.gov; mary.lou.guerinot@dartmouth.edu; david.salt@abdn.ac.uk RI Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 FU US National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program [IOS 0701119] FX This research was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program (Grant #IOS 0701119) awarded to D. E. S, M. L. G and S. R. M. P. We acknowledge Dr. Kathleen Yeater for consultation on analyzing marker-trait associations using SAS JMP Genomics. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture or Texas A&M AgriLife Research, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that also can be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 71 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 127 IS 1 BP 137 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2207-5 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 300AJ UT WOS:000330436500012 PM 24231918 ER PT J AU Talukder, ZI Hulke, BS Qi, LL Scheffler, BE Pegadaraju, V McPhee, K Gulya, TJ AF Talukder, Zahirul I. Hulke, Brent S. Qi, Lili Scheffler, Brian E. Pegadaraju, Venkatramana McPhee, Kevin Gulya, Thomas J. TI Candidate gene association mapping of Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) uncovers the importance of COI1 homologs SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPLEX TRAITS; INBRED LINES; HEAD ROT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB Key message Functional markers for Sclerotinia basal stalk rot resistance in sunflower were obtained using gene-level information from the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Sclerotinia stalk rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most destructive diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) worldwide. Markers for genes controlling resistance to S. sclerotiorum will enable efficient marker-assisted selection (MAS). We sequenced eight candidate genes homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana defense genes known to be associated with Sclerotinia disease resistance in a sunflower association mapping population evaluated for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance. The total candidate gene sequence regions covered a concatenated length of 3,791 bp per individual. A total of 187 polymorphic sites were detected for all candidate gene sequences, 149 of which were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 38 were insertions/deletions. Eight SNPs in the coding regions led to changes in amino acid codons. Linkage disequilibrium decay throughout the candidate gene regions declined on average to an r (2) = 0.2 for genetic intervals of 120 bp, but extended up to 350 bp with r (2) = 0.1. A general linear model with modification to account for population structure was found the best fitting model for this population and was used for association mapping. Both HaCOI1-1 and HaCOI1-2 were found to be strongly associated with Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance and explained 7.4 % of phenotypic variation in this population. These SNP markers associated with Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance can potentially be applied to the selection of favorable genotypes, which will significantly improve the efficiency of MAS during the development of stalk rot resistant cultivars. C1 [Talukder, Zahirul I.; McPhee, Kevin] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Hulke, Brent S.; Qi, Lili; Gulya, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Pegadaraju, Venkatramana] BioDiagnostics Inc, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. RP Hulke, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM brent.hulke@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USDA-ARS National Sclerotinia Initiative [58-5442-8-230] FX We thank the staff of the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ames, Iowa, USA for providing us with germplasm and National Sunflower Association for providing SNP markers. We are very grateful to Drs. John Burke and John Bowers for providing map positions of the candidate genes and critically reviewing the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Z. Liu, M. Ramsett, N. Balbyshev, A. Hogness, A. Jani, and D. Weiskopf for technical assistance. This research was supported by the USDA-ARS National Sclerotinia Initiative, grant number 58-5442-8-230. NR 106 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 127 IS 1 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2210-x PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 300AJ UT WOS:000330436500015 PM 24193356 ER PT J AU Lopez-Vera, EE Nelson, S Singh, RP Basnet, BR Haley, SD Bhavani, S Huerta-Espino, J Xoconostle-Cazares, BG Ruiz-Medrano, R Rouse, MN Singh, S AF Lopez-Vera, Eric E. Nelson, Sarah Singh, Ravi P. Basnet, Bhoja R. Haley, Scott D. Bhavani, Sridhar Huerta-Espino, Julio Xoconostle-Cazares, Beatriz G. Ruiz-Medrano, Roberto Rouse, Matthew N. Singh, Sukhwinder TI Resistance to stem rust Ug99 in six bread wheat cultivars maps to chromosome 6DS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; RACE UG99; AESTIVUM L.; SSR MARKERS; GENE SR36; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; TTKS; REGISTRATION AB Key message Identified SSR markers ( Xcfd49 and Xbarc183 ) linked with stem rust resistance for efficient use in marker-assisted selection and stacking of resistance genes in wheat breeding programs. More than 80 % of the worldwide wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) area is currently sown with varieties susceptible to the Ug99 race group of stem rust fungus. However, wheat lines Niini, Tinkio, Coni, Pfunye, Blouk, and Ripper have demonstrated Ug99 resistance at the seedling and adult plant stages. We mapped stem rust resistance in populations derived from crosses of a susceptible parent with each of the resistant lines. The segregation of resistance in each population indicated the presence of a single gene. The resistance gene in Niini mapped to short arm of chromosome 6D and was flanked by SSR markers Xcfd49 at distances of 3.9 cM proximal and Xbarc183 8.4 cM distal, respectively. The chromosome location of this resistance was validated in three other populations: PBW343/Coni, PBW343/Tinkio, and Cacuke/Pfunye. Resistance initially postulated to be conferred by the SrTmp gene in Blouk and Ripper was also linked to Xcfd49 and Xbarc183 on 6DS, but it was mapped proximal to Xbarc183 at a similar position to previously mapped genes Sr42 and SrCad. Based on the variation in diagnostic marker alleles, it is possible that Niini and Pfunye may carry different resistance genes/alleles. Further studies are needed to determine the allelic relationships between various genes located on chromosome arm 6DS. Our results provide valuable molecular marker and genetic information for developing Ug99 resistant wheat varieties in diverse germplasm and using these markers to tag the resistance genes in wheat breeding. C1 [Lopez-Vera, Eric E.; Singh, Ravi P.; Basnet, Bhoja R.; Singh, Sukhwinder] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Lopez-Vera, Eric E.; Xoconostle-Cazares, Beatriz G.; Ruiz-Medrano, Roberto] CINVESTAV IPN, Dept Biotechnol, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Nelson, Sarah] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Haley, Scott D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bhavani, Sridhar] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Huerta-Espino, Julio] INIFAP CEVAMEX, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Rouse, Matthew N.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, POB 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. EM suk.singh@cgiar.org RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011; OI bhavani, sridhar/0000-0002-4091-2608 FU Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) project; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; UK Agency for International Development (DFID); Mexico's Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) FX This research work was supported by the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) project managed by Cornell University with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the UK Agency for International Development (DFID). E. E. Lopez-Vera appreciates the Ph.D. fellowship from Mexico's Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT). Editing assistance was received from E. Quilligan (CIMMYT). NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 127 IS 1 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2212-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 300AJ UT WOS:000330436500017 PM 24121568 ER PT J AU Johnston, CA Foreyt, JP AF Johnston, Craig A. Foreyt, John P. TI Robust scientific evidence demonstrates benefits of artificial sweeteners SO TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Letter ID NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENERS; INTENSE SWEETENERS; BODY-WEIGHT; NUTRITION; ADULTS; FOODS C1 [Johnston, Craig A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Pediat Nutr,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Johnston, Craig A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Med,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Foreyt, John P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Johnston, CA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Pediat Nutr,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 6655 Travis St,Suite 320, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM caj@bcm.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1043-2760 J9 TRENDS ENDOCRIN MET JI Trends Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.tem.2013.09.007 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 302LN UT WOS:000330606100001 PM 24182455 ER PT J AU Johnstonl, CA Foreyt, JP AF Johnstonl, Craig A. Foreyt, John P. TI Robust scientific evidence demonstrates benefits of artificial sweeteners SO TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Correction C1 [Johnstonl, Craig A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Pediat Nutr,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Johnstonl, Craig A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Med,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Foreyt, John P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Johnstonl, CA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Pediat Nutr,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 6655 Travis St,Suite 320, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1043-2760 J9 TRENDS ENDOCRIN MET JI Trends Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.tem.2013.11.002 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 302LN UT WOS:000330606100002 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Fei, BH Liu, ZJ Jiang, ZH Cai, ZY Liu, XE Yu, Y AF Liu, Xianmiao Fei, Benhua Liu, Zhijia Jiang, Zehui Cai, Zhiyong Liu, Xing'e Yu, Yan TI Mechanical Properties of Moso Bamboo Treated with Chemical Agents. (vol 45, pg 34, 2013) SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Liu, Xianmiao; Fei, Benhua; Liu, Zhijia; Jiang, Zehui; Liu, Xing'e; Yu, Yan] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. EM Liuxm206@icbr.ac.cn; Feibenhua@icbr.ac.cn; Liuzj@icbr.ac.cn; Jiangzehui@icbr.ac.cn; Liuxe@icbr.ac.cn; Yuyan@icbr.ac.cn NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 46 IS 1 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 298OQ UT WOS:000330334300013 ER PT J AU von Lampe, M Willenbockel, D Ahammad, H Blanc, E Cai, YX Calvin, K Fujimori, S Hasegawa, T Havlik, P Heyhoe, E Kyle, P Lotze-Campen, H d'Croz, DM Nelson, GC Sands, RD Schmitz, C Tabeau, A Valin, H van der Mensbrugghe, D van Meijl, H AF von Lampe, Martin Willenbockel, Dirk Ahammad, Helal Blanc, Elodie Cai, Yongxia Calvin, Katherine Fujimori, Shinichiro Hasegawa, Tomoko Havlik, Petr Heyhoe, Edwina Kyle, Page Lotze-Campen, Hermann d'Croz, Daniel Mason Nelson, Gerald C. Sands, Ronald D. Schmitz, Christoph Tabeau, Andrzej Valin, Hugo van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique van Meijl, Hans TI Why do global long-term scenarios for agriculture differ? An overview of the AgMIP Global Economic Model Intercomparison SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Computable general equilibrium; Partial equilibrium; Meta-analysis; Socioeconomic pathway; Climate change; Bioenergy; Land use; Model intercomparison ID LAND-USE CHANGE; FOOD DEMAND; CROP PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUTURE AB Recent studies assessing plausible futures for agricultural markets and global food security have had contradictory outcomes. To advance our understanding of the sources of the differences, 10 global economic models that produce long-term scenarios were asked to compare a reference scenario with alternate socioeconomic, climate change, and bioenergy scenarios using a common set of key drivers. Several key conclusions emerge from this exercise: First, for a comparison of scenario results to be meaningful, a careful analysis of the interpretation of the relevant model variables is essential. For instance, the use of real world commodity prices differs widely across models, and comparing the prices without accounting for their different meanings can lead to misleading results. Second, results suggest that, once some key assumptions are harmonized, the variability in general trends across models declines but remains important. For example, given the common assumptions of the reference scenario, models show average annual rates of changes of real global producer prices for agricultural products on average ranging between -0.4% and +0.7% between the 2005 base year and 2050. This compares to an average decline of real agricultural prices of 4% p.a. between the 1960s and the 2000s. Several other common trends are shown, for example, relating to key global growth areas for agricultural production and consumption. Third, differences in basic model parameters such as income and price elasticities, sometimes hidden in the way market behavior is modeled, result in significant differences in the details. Fourth, the analysis shows that agro-economic modelers aiming to inform the agricultural and development policy debate require better data and analysis on both economic behavior and biophysical drivers. More interdisciplinary modeling efforts are required to cross-fertilize analyses at different scales. C1 [von Lampe, Martin] OECD, TAD, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [Willenbockel, Dirk] Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. [Ahammad, Helal; Heyhoe, Edwina] Australian Govt Dept Agr, Australian Bur Agr & Resource Econ & Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Blanc, Elodie; Cai, Yongxia] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Calvin, Katherine; Kyle, Page] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko] Ctr Social & Environm Syst Res, NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Havlik, Petr; Valin, Hugo] IIASA, Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Schmitz, Christoph] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [d'Croz, Daniel Mason; Nelson, Gerald C.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Nelson, Gerald C.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Sands, Ronald D.] ERS, Resource & Rural Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Tabeau, Andrzej; van Meijl, Hans] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Agr Econ Res Inst LEI, NL-2585 DB The Hague, Netherlands. [van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Agr Dev Econ Div ESAD, I-00153 Rome, Italy. RP von Lampe, M (reprint author), OECD, TAD, 2 Rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris 16, France. EM Martin.vonLampe@oecd.org RI Fujimori, Shinichiro/A-1288-2015; van Meijl, Hans/G-6223-2015; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/M-4254-2016; OI Fujimori, Shinichiro/0000-0001-7897-1796; van Meijl, Hans/0000-0002-2455-6869; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/0000-0003-0673-2301; Willenbockel, Dirk/0000-0002-6840-0954; Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 FU CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); British government; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-1103]; climate change research program of NIES; Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy; EU; BMBF FX This article is a contribution to the global economic model intercomparison activity undertaken as part of the AgMIP Project (www.agmip.org). The roots of this effort began in a scenario comparison project organized by the OECD in late 2010 with three models. We would like to thank the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), and the British government (through its support for AgMIP) for providing financial support. The scenarios in this study were constructed from a large body of work done in support of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. This prior work includes the RCPs (http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/tnt/RcpDb), the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5), the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (https://secure.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/ene/SspDb), and the climate impacts on agricultural crop yields from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (http://www.isi-mip.org).; This study was also made possible by the support of the individual institutions where the authors are based. The participation of researchers from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-1103) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and the climate change research program of NIES. The participation of researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was funded by the Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy. The participation of researchers from the Potsdam Institute forClimate Impact Research (PIK) was funded by the EU FP7 Projects VOLANTE and GlobalIQ and the BMBF Projects GLUES and MACSUR. The participation of researchers from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) was funded by the EU FP7 project FoodSecure. The participation of researchers from the Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI-WUR) was funded by the EU FP7 projects FoodSecure and Volante. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions for improving the earlier draft.; None of results reported in this article are the official positions of the organizations named here. Any errors or omissions remain the responsibility of the authors. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1111/agec.12086 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 292QK UT WOS:000329917000002 ER PT J AU Robinson, S van Meijl, H Willenbockel, D Valin, H Fujimori, S Masui, T Sands, R Wise, M Calvin, K Havlik, P d'Croz, DM Tabeau, A Kavallari, A Schmitz, C Dietrich, JP von Lampe, M AF Robinson, Sherman van Meijl, Hans Willenbockel, Dirk Valin, Hugo Fujimori, Shinichiro Masui, Toshihiko Sands, Ron Wise, Marshall Calvin, Katherine Havlik, Petr d'Croz, Daniel Mason Tabeau, Andrzej Kavallari, Aikaterini Schmitz, Christoph Dietrich, Jan Philipp von Lampe, Martin TI Comparing supply-side specifications in models of global agriculture and the food system SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Global agricultural models; Global food system scenario analysis; General equilibrium; Partial equilibrium ID GROWTH; TRADE AB This article compares the theoretical and functional specification of production in partial equilibrium (PE) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models of the global agricultural and food system included in the AgMIP model comparison study. The two model families differ in their scopepartial versus economy-wideand in how they represent technology and the behavior of supply and demand in markets. The CGE models are deep structural models in that they explicitly solve the maximization problem of consumers and producers, assuming utility maximization and profit maximization with production/cost functions that include all factor inputs. The PE models divide into two groups on the supply side: (1) shallow structural models, which essentially specify area/yield supply functions with no explicit maximization behavior, and (2) deep structural models that provide a detailed activity-analysis specification of technology and explicit optimizing behavior by producers. While the models vary in their specifications of technology, both within and between the PE and CGE families, we consider two stylized theoretical models to compare the behavior of crop yields and supply functions in CGE models with their behavior in shallow structural PE models. We find that the theoretical responsiveness of supply to changes in prices can be similar, depending on parameter choices that define the behavior of implicit supply functions over the domain of applicability defined by the common scenarios used in the AgMIP comparisons. In practice, however, the applied models are more complex and differ in their empirical sensitivity to variations in specificationcomparability of results given parameter choices is an empirical question. To illustrate the issues, sensitivity analysis is done with one global CGE model, MAGNET, to indicate how the results vary with different specification of technical change, and how they compare with the results from PE models. C1 [Robinson, Sherman; d'Croz, Daniel Mason] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [van Meijl, Hans; Tabeau, Andrzej; Kavallari, Aikaterini] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Agr Econ Res Inst LEI, NL-2585 DB The Hague, Netherlands. [Willenbockel, Dirk] Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. [Valin, Hugo; Havlik, Petr] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Fujimori, Shinichiro; Masui, Toshihiko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Sands, Ron] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wise, Marshall; Calvin, Katherine] Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Schmitz, Christoph; Dietrich, Jan Philipp] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [von Lampe, Martin] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-75775 Paris 16, France. RP Willenbockel, D (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. EM d.willenbockel@ids.ac.uk RI Fujimori, Shinichiro/A-1288-2015; van Meijl, Hans/G-6223-2015; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/M-4254-2016; OI Fujimori, Shinichiro/0000-0001-7897-1796; van Meijl, Hans/0000-0002-2455-6869; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/0000-0003-0673-2301; Willenbockel, Dirk/0000-0002-6840-0954; Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 FU Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-1103]; climate change research program of NIES; EU; BMBF; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security; United States Department of Agriculture; United Kingdom Department for International Development FX This article is part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project's global economic model intercomparison (AgMIP; http://www.agmip.org). We would like to thank the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, the United States Department of Agriculture, and the United Kingdom Department for International Development for support of AgMIP. The participation of researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was funded by the Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy. The participation of researchers from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-1103) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and the climate change research program of NIES. The participation of researchers from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) was funded by the EU Project VOLANTE and the BMBF Projects GLUES and MACSUR. None of results reported in this article are the official positions of the organizations named here. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1111/agec.12087 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 292QK UT WOS:000329917000003 ER PT J AU Valin, H Sands, RD van der Mensbrugghe, D Nelson, GC Ahammad, H Blanc, E Bodirsky, B Fujimori, S Hasegawa, T Havlik, P Heyhoe, E Kyle, P Mason-D'Croz, D Paltsev, S Rolinski, S Tabeau, A van Meijl, H von Lampe, M Willenbockel, D AF Valin, Hugo Sands, Ronald D. van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique Nelson, Gerald C. Ahammad, Helal Blanc, Elodie Bodirsky, Benjamin Fujimori, Shinichiro Hasegawa, Tomoko Havlik, Petr Heyhoe, Edwina Kyle, Page Mason-D'Croz, Daniel Paltsev, Sergey Rolinski, Susanne Tabeau, Andrzej van Meijl, Hans von Lampe, Martin Willenbockel, Dirk TI The future of food demand: understanding differences in global economic models SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE World food demand; Socioeconomic pathways; Climate change; Computable general equilibrium; Partial equilibrium ID SYSTEMS AB Understanding the capacity of agricultural systems to feed the world population under climate change requires projecting future food demand. This article reviews demand modeling approaches from 10 global economic models participating in the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP). We compare food demand projections in 2050 for various regions and agricultural products under harmonized scenarios of socioeconomic development, climate change, and bioenergy expansion. In the reference scenario (SSP2), food demand increases by 59-98% between 2005 and 2050, slightly higher than the most recent FAO projection of 54% from 2005/2007. The range of results is large, in particular for animal calories (between 61% and 144%), caused by differences in demand systems specifications, and in income and price elasticities. The results are more sensitive to socioeconomic assumptions than to climate change or bioenergy scenarios. When considering a world with higher population and lower economic growth (SSP3), consumption per capita drops on average by 9% for crops and 18% for livestock. The maximum effect of climate change on calorie availability is -6% at the global level, and the effect of biofuel production on calorie availability is even smaller. C1 [Valin, Hugo; Havlik, Petr] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Sands, Ronald D.] Econ Res Serv, Resource & Rural Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Agr Dev Econ Div ESAD, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Nelson, Gerald C.; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Environm & Prod Technol Div, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Nelson, Gerald C.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Ahammad, Helal; Heyhoe, Edwina] ABARES, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Blanc, Elodie; Paltsev, Sergey] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bodirsky, Benjamin; Rolinski, Susanne] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko] Ctr Social & Environm Syst Res, NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Kyle, Page] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tabeau, Andrzej; van Meijl, Hans] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Agr Econ Res Inst LEI, NL-2585 DB The Hague, Netherlands. [von Lampe, Martin] OECD, TAD, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [Willenbockel, Dirk] Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. RP Valin, H (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. EM valin@iiasa.ac.at RI Fujimori, Shinichiro/A-1288-2015; van Meijl, Hans/G-6223-2015; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/M-4254-2016 OI Willenbockel, Dirk/0000-0002-6840-0954; Fujimori, Shinichiro/0000-0001-7897-1796; van Meijl, Hans/0000-0002-2455-6869; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/0000-0003-0673-2301 FU CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security; United States Department of Agriculture; Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-1103]; climate change research program of NIES; EU; BMBF FX This article is a contribution to the global economic model intercomparison activity undertaken as part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP; http://www.agmip.org). The roots of this effort began in a scenario comparison project organized by the OECD in late 2010 with three models. We would like to thank the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, the United States Department of Agriculture, and the United Kingdom Department for International Development for support of AgMIP. The scenarios in this study were constructed from a large body of work done in support of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. This prior work includes the Representative Concentration Pathways (http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/tnt/RcpDb), the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5), the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (https://secure.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/ene/SspDb), and the climate impacts on agricultural crop yields from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (http://www.isi-mip.org).; This study was also made possible by the support of the individual institutions where the authors are based. The participation of researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was funded by the Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy. The participation of researchers from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-1103) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and the climate change research program of NIES. The participation of researchers from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) was funded by the EU Project VOLANTE and the BMBF Projects GLUES and MACSUR. The participation of researchers from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) was funded by the EU FP7 project FoodSecure. The participation of researchers from the Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI-WUR) was funded by the EU FP7 projects FoodSecure and VOLANTE. None of results reported in this paper are the official positions of the organizations named here. Any errors or omissions remain the responsibility of the authors. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 8 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1111/agec.12089 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 292QK UT WOS:000329917000005 ER PT J AU Schmitz, C van Meijl, H Kyle, P Nelson, GC Fujimori, S Gurgel, A Havlik, P Heyhoe, E d'Croz, DM Popp, A Sands, R Tabeau, A van der Mensbrugghe, D von Lampe, M Wise, M Blanc, E Hasegawa, T Kavallari, A Valin, H AF Schmitz, Christoph van Meijl, Hans Kyle, Page Nelson, Gerald C. Fujimori, Shinichiro Gurgel, Angelo Havlik, Petr Heyhoe, Edwina d'Croz, Daniel Mason Popp, Alexander Sands, Ron Tabeau, Andrzej van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique von Lampe, Martin Wise, Marshall Blanc, Elodie Hasegawa, Tomoko Kavallari, Aikaterini Valin, Hugo TI Land- use change trajectories up to 2050: insights from a global agro- economic model comparison SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE C61; C68; Q11; Q54; Land-use change; Model intercomparison; Land-use models; Land expansion ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CARBON; PRODUCTIVITY; AGRICULTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; SYSTEM; TRADE AB Changes in agricultural land use have important implications for environmental services. Previous studies of agricultural land-use futures have been published indicating large uncertainty due to different model assumptions and methodologies. In this article we present a first comprehensive comparison of global agro-economic models that have harmonized drivers of population, GDP, and biophysical yields. The comparison allows us to ask two research questions: (1) How much cropland will be used under different socioeconomic and climate change scenarios? (2) How can differences in model results be explained? The comparison includes four partial and six general equilibrium models that differ in how they model land supply and amount of potentially available land. We analyze results of two different socioeconomic scenarios and three climate scenarios (one with constant climate). Most models (7 out of 10) project an increase of cropland of 10-25% by 2050 compared to 2005 (under constant climate), but one model projects a decrease. Pasture land expands in some models, which increase the treat on natural vegetation further. Across all models most of the cropland expansion takes place in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. In general, the strongest differences in model results are related to differences in the costs of land expansion, the endogenous productivity responses, and the assumptions about potential cropland. C1 [Schmitz, Christoph; Popp, Alexander] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [van Meijl, Hans; Tabeau, Andrzej; Kavallari, Aikaterini] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Agr Econ Res Inst LEI, NL-2585 DB The Hague, Netherlands. [Kyle, Page; Wise, Marshall] Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Nelson, Gerald C.; d'Croz, Daniel Mason] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Nelson, Gerald C.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Gurgel, Angelo] Sao Paulo Sch Econ EESP FGV, BR-01332000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Havlik, Petr; Valin, Hugo] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Heyhoe, Edwina] ABARES, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Sands, Ron] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [von Lampe, Martin] OECD, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [Blanc, Elodie] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Schmitz, C (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, Telegrafenberg A 31, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM schmitz@pik-potsdam.de RI Popp, Alexander/N-7064-2014; van Meijl, Hans/G-6223-2015; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/M-4254-2016; Fujimori, Shinichiro/A-1288-2015 OI van Meijl, Hans/0000-0002-2455-6869; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/0000-0003-0673-2301; Fujimori, Shinichiro/0000-0001-7897-1796 FU CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); British government through AgMIP; EU FX This article is part of a global economic model intercomparison activity undertaken under the initiative of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and as a part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP-www.agmip.org). We thank the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the British government for their financial support through AgMIP. Contributions by PIK researchers have been supported by the EU FP7 projects VOLANTE and Global IQ. Our individual institutions, listed on the title page, have also made substantial resources available for this effort.; The views expressed in this document are the sole personal responsibility of the authors and do not reflect those of their institutions of affiliation. Any errors or omissions remain the responsibility of the authors. NR 73 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 8 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1111/agec.12090 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 292QK UT WOS:000329917000006 ER PT J AU Nelson, GC van der Mensbrugghe, D Ahammad, H Blanc, E Calvin, K Hasegawa, T Havlik, P Heyhoe, E Kyle, P Lotze-Campen, H von Lampe, M Mason d'Croz, D van Meijl, H Muller, C Reilly, J Robertson, R Sands, RD Schmitz, C Tabeau, A Takahashi, K Valin, H Willenbockel, D AF Nelson, Gerald C. van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique Ahammad, Helal Blanc, Elodie Calvin, Katherine Hasegawa, Tomoko Havlik, Petr Heyhoe, Edwina Kyle, Page Lotze-Campen, Hermann von Lampe, Martin Mason d'Croz, Daniel van Meijl, Hans Mueller, Christoph Reilly, John Robertson, Richard Sands, Ronald D. Schmitz, Christoph Tabeau, Andrzej Takahashi, Kiyoshi Valin, Hugo Willenbockel, Dirk TI Agriculture and climate change in global scenarios: why don't the models agree SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change impacts; Economic models of agriculture; Scenarios ID SYSTEM MODEL; DEMAND; CMIP5 AB Agriculture is unique among economic sectors in the nature of impacts from climate change. The production activity that transforms inputs into agricultural outputs involves direct use of weather inputs (temperature, solar radiation available to the plant, and precipitation). Previous studies of the impacts of climate change on agriculture have reported substantial differences in outcomes such as prices, production, and trade arising from differences in model inputs and model specification. This article presents climate change results and underlying determinants from a model comparison exercise with 10 of the leading global economic models that include significant representation of agriculture. By harmonizing key drivers that include climate change effects, differences in model outcomes were reduced. The particular choice of climate change drivers for this comparison activity results in large and negative productivity effects. All models respond with higher prices. Producer behavior differs by model with some emphasizing area response and others yield response. Demand response is least important. The differences reflect both differences in model specification and perspectives on the future. The results from this study highlight the need to more fully compare the deep model parameters, to generate a call for a combination of econometric and validation studies to narrow the degree of uncertainty and variability in these parameters and to move to Monte Carlo type simulations to better map the contours of economic uncertainty. C1 [Nelson, Gerald C.; Mason d'Croz, Daniel; Robertson, Richard] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Nelson, Gerald C.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Agr Dev Econ Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Ahammad, Helal; Heyhoe, Edwina] Australian Bur Agr & Resource Econ & Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Blanc, Elodie] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Calvin, Katherine; Kyle, Page] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Takahashi, Kiyoshi] Ctr Social & Environm Syst Res, Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Valin, Hugo] Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Mueller, Christoph; Schmitz, Christoph] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [von Lampe, Martin] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Trade & Agr Directorate, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [van Meijl, Hans; Tabeau, Andrzej] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Agr Econ Res Inst LEI, NL-2585 DB The Hague, Netherlands. [Sands, Ronald D.] Econ Res Serv, Resource & Rural Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Willenbockel, Dirk] Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. RP Nelson, GC (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM nelson.gerald.c@gmail.com RI van Meijl, Hans/G-6223-2015; Mueller, Christoph/E-4812-2016; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/M-4254-2016; OI van Meijl, Hans/0000-0002-2455-6869; Mueller, Christoph/0000-0002-9491-3550; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel/0000-0003-0673-2301; Willenbockel, Dirk/0000-0002-6840-0954; Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 FU CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); British government; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-1103]; climate change research program of NIES; Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy; EU; BMBF FX This article is a contribution to the global economic model intercomparison activity undertaken as part of the AgMIP Project (www.agmip.org). The roots of this effort began in a scenario comparison project organized by the OECD in late 2010 with three models. We would like to thank the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), and the British government (through its support for AgMIP) for providing financial support. The scenarios in this study were constructed from a large body of work done in support of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. This prior work includes the RCPs (http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/tnt/RcpDb), the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5), the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (https://secure.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/ene/SspDb), and the climate impacts on agricultural crop yields from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (http://www.isi-mip.org). This study was also made possible by the support of the individual institutions where the authors are based. The participation of researchers from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-1103) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and the climate change research program of NIES. The participation of researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was funded by the Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy. The participation of researchers from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) was funded by the EU FP7 Projects VOLANTE and GlobalIQ and the BMBF Projects GLUES and MACSUR. We would like to acknowledge Seth Meyer who suggested the decomposition approach used here and an anonymous reviewer for extremely helpful comments.; None of results reported in this article are the official positions of the organizations named here. Any errors or omissions remain the responsibility of the authors. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1111/agec.12091 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 292QK UT WOS:000329917000007 ER PT B AU Muir, WM Cheng, HW AF Muir, William M. Cheng, Heng Wei BE Grandin, T Deesing, MJ TI Genetic Influences on the Behavior of Chickens Associated with Welfare and Productivity SO GENETICS AND THE BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; TONIC IMMOBILITY DURATION; PARTIAL BEAK AMPUTATION; DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS; SOCIAL DOMINANCE ABILITY; PRE-LAYING BEHAVIOR; STRAIN-CROSS LAYERS; FARM-ANIMAL-WELFARE; FEMALE BROILER BREEDERS; PROLACTIN RECEPTOR GENE C1 [Muir, William M.] Purdue Agr, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Cheng, Heng Wei] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Purdue Agr, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Muir, WM (reprint author), Purdue Agr, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 292 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-405508-7; 978-0-12-394586-0 PY 2014 BP 317 EP 359 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-394586-0.00009-3 PG 43 WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BJN72 UT WOS:000329315600010 ER PT J AU Hsu, HY Huang, LH Wu, JSB AF Hsu, Hsin-Yun Huang, Lihan Wu, James Swi-Bea TI Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Strawberry Puree and Its Effect on Anthocyanins and Color SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; Escherichia coli O157:H7; strawberry; thermal processing ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; RESISTANCE PARAMETERS; MICROBIAL SAFETY; FRUIT JUICES; CONCENTRATE; STORAGE; SALMONELLA; STABILITY; KINETICS; O157-H7 AB Raw whole strawberries, if contaminated with pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, must be pasteurized prior to consumption. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the thermal inactivation kinetics of E. coli O157:H7 in strawberry puree (SP), and evaluate the changes in anthocyanins and color, and the survival of yeasts and molds (YM) after thermal processing. Inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail, fresh SP, with or without added sugar (20 and 40 degrees Brix), was heated at 50, 52, 54, 57.5, 60, and 62.5 degrees C to determine the thermal resistance of E. coli O157:H7. In raw SP, the average D-values of E. coli O157:H7 were 909.1, 454.6, 212.8, 46.1, and 20.2 s at 50, 52, 54, 57.5, and 60 degrees C, respectively, with a z-value of 5.9 degrees C. While linearly decreasing with temperature, the log D-values of E. coli O157:H7 increased slightly with sugar concentration. The log degradation rates of anthocyanins increased linearly with temperature, but decreased slightly with sugar concentrations. These results suggest that sugar may provide some protection to both E. coli O157: H7 and anthocyanins in SP. The browning index was not affected by heating at 50 and 52 oC at low sugar concentrations, but increased by an average of 1.28%, 2.21%, and 10.1% per min when SP was exposed to heating at 54, 57.5, and 60 degrees C, respectively. YM was also inactivated by heating. This study demonstrated that properly designed thermal processes can effectively inactivate E. coli O157:H7 and YM in contaminated SP, while minimizing the changes in anthocyanins and color. C1 [Hsu, Hsin-Yun; Wu, James Swi-Bea] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Food Sci & Technol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Huang, Lihan] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/NIFA [2011-68003-20096]; National Science Council of Taiwan FX This project was supported by a USDA/NIFA grant (2011-68003-20096) and National Science Council of Taiwan. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 79 IS 1 BP M74 EP M80 DI 10.1111/1750-3841.12327 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 295HG UT WOS:000330106600011 PM 24611165 ER PT J AU Zhu, LB Olsen, C McHugh, T Friedman, M Jaroni, D Ravishankar, S AF Zhu, Libin Olsen, Carl McHugh, Tara Friedman, Mendel Jaroni, Divya Ravishankar, Sadhana TI Apple, Carrot, and Hibiscus Edible Films Containing the Plant Antimicrobials Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde Inactivate Salmonella Newport on Organic Leafy Greens in Sealed Plastic Bags SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial films; carvacrol; cinnamaldehyde; organic leafy greens; Salmonella ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI STRAINS; PATHOGEN BACILLUS-CEREUS; OREGANO ESSENTIAL OILS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VAPOR-PHASE; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde incorporated into apple, carrot, and hibiscus-based edible films against Salmonella Newport in bagged organic leafy greens. The leafy greens tested included organic Romaine and Iceberg lettuce, and mature and baby spinach. Each leafy green sample was washed, dip inoculated with S. Newport (10(7) CFU/mL), and dried. Each sample was put into a Ziploc (R) bag. Edible films pieces were put into the Ziploc bag and mixed well. The bags were sealed and stored at 4 degrees C. Samples were taken at days 0, 3, and 7 for enumeration of survivors. On all leafy greens, 3% carvacrol films showed the best bactericidal effects against Salmonella. All 3 types of 3% carvacrol films reduced the Salmonella population by 5 log(10) CFU/g at day 0 and 1.5% carvacrol films reduced Salmonella by 1 to 4 log(10) CFU/g at day 7. The films with 3% cinnamaldehyde showed 0.5 to 3 log reductions on different leafy greens at day 7. The films with 0.5% and 1.5% cinnamaldehyde and 0.5% carvacrol also showed varied reductions on different types of leafy greens. Edible films were the most effective against Salmonella on Iceberg lettuce. This study demonstrates the potential of edible films incorporated with carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde to inactivate S. Newport on organic leafy greens. C1 [Zhu, Libin; Ravishankar, Sadhana] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Olsen, Carl; McHugh, Tara; Friedman, Mendel] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jaroni, Divya] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-Natl. Inst. of Food and Agriculture-Organic Research and Extension Initiative Competitive Grant [2010-51300-21760] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-Natl. Inst. of Food and Agriculture-Organic Research and Extension Initiative Competitive Grant nr. 2010-51300-21760. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 79 IS 1 BP M61 EP M66 DI 10.1111/1750-3841.12318 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 295HG UT WOS:000330106600009 PM 24460771 ER PT J AU O'Hear, M Pote, L Yost, M Doffitt, C King, T Panuska, C AF O'Hear, Mary Pote, Linda Yost, Marlene Doffitt, Cynthia King, Tommy Panuska, Carla TI MORPHOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATIONS OF DIGENETIC TREMATODES IN DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS (PHALACROCORAX AURITUS) FROM THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Digenean; Double-crested Cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; trematode ID ECHINOSTOMATIDAE; PARASITOLOGY; AQUACULTURE; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; TERMS AB Increasing numbers of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the Mississippi River Delta, USA, have been observed over the past few decades. This piscivorous bird is a definitive host for numerous digenetic trematodes, some of which may cause pathology in a fish host. We conducted a 2-yr survey of intestinal trematodes in 35 Double-crested Cormorants collected in the Mississippi Delta. We counted gastrointestinal trematodes, identified them to species using morphometric and molecular techniques, and sequenced the 18S and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes. We collected 4,909 trematodes, representing five digenetic species: Drepanocephalus spathans, Hysteromorpha triloba, Pseudopsilostoma varium, Austrodiplostomum ostrowskiae, and Ascocotyle longa. The most prevalent trematode of the Double-crested Cormorants was D. spathans (91%), followed by H. triloba (78%), P. varium (74%), A. ostrowskiae (57%), and A. longa (29%). Among these, the life cycles are only known for H. triloba and A. longa. Novel DNA sequences of the COI gene were obtained for D. spathans, A. ostrowskiae, P. varium, and A. longa adults. Using these DNA sequences, the identification and confirmation of the larval stages of these parasites in the fish and snail hosts will be possible. C1 [O'Hear, Mary; Pote, Linda; Panuska, Carla] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Yost, Marlene] Piedmont Virginia Community Coll, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Doffitt, Cynthia] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [King, Tommy] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pote, L (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Box 9825, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM lpote@cvm.msstate.edu FU College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES); USDA/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center; Berryman Institute; US Department of Agriculture [NRI 2002-35204-11678] FX We thank Megan Childers, Amanda Young-blood, Matt Mott, and Graham Rosser for their many hours of microscopic work and the staff at USDA/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center, Starkville, Mississippi (Paul Fioranelli, Katie Hanson, Scott Lemmons, Scott Woodruff, and Russell Singleton), for bird collections. This research was supported by the College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center, the Berryman Institute, and US Department of Agriculture NRI 2002-35204-11678. This paper is MAFES publication J-12278. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.7589/2012-10-249 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297KJ UT WOS:000330254000005 PM 24171572 ER PT J AU Musante, AR Pedersen, K Hall, P AF Musante, Anthony R. Pedersen, Kerri Hall, Parker TI First Reports of Pseudorabies and Winter Ticks (Dermacentor albipictus) Associated with an Emerging Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) Population in New Hampshire SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Disease; feral swine; gB ELISA; New Hampshire; pseudorabies; winter tick ID UNITED-STATES; MOOSE AB The expansion of feral swine (Sus scrofa) populations into new geographic regions is of concern not only due to increased range but also because they carry diseases and parasites that pose a threat to humans, livestock, and wildlife into new areas. Recently, emerging feral swine populations have been reported in the northeastern US and due to their adaptive nature will likely continue to spread. During 2009-2012, 49 feral swine were removed from three counties in New Hampshire. Of these, serum samples were submitted from 34 for disease surveillance testing. One of the feral swine was antibody-positive for pseudorabies virus (PRV) making it the first documented infection in feral swine in New Hampshire. Infestations of winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) were also documented on two of the feral swine which had only been reported previously on feral swine in Texas. Feral swine may not only serve as an important host for an economically important commercial swine pathogen like PRV, but they could also increase host diversity for parasites such as the winter tick, a species that can regionally impact moose (Aloes aloes) survival. These findings warrant further investigation of expanding and established feral swine populations in New Hampshire as pathogen hosts and support continued effort to reduce numbers or regionally eradicate feral swine. C1 [Musante, Anthony R.; Hall, Parker] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Pedersen, Kerri] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Musante, AR (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, 59 Chenell Dr Suite 7, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM anthony.r.musante@aphis.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.7589/2013-05-119 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297KJ UT WOS:000330254000016 PM 24171577 ER PT J AU Mortenson, JA Kent, ML Fowler, DR Chomel, BB Immell, DA AF Mortenson, J. A. Kent, M. L. Fowler, D. R. Chomel, B. B. Immell, D. A. TI Trichinella Surveillance in Black Bears (Ursus Americanus) from Oregon, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; GRIZZLY BEARS; TRICHINOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASES; ANIMALS; ALASKA AB We used serology and muscle digestion to test black bears (Ursus americanus) from western Oregon, USA, for Trichinella. Results indicate black bears in Oregon are not part of a sylvatic cycle for Trichinella, and risk of human exposure to Trichinella larvae from eating black bear meat from Oregon appears low. C1 [Mortenson, J. A.] Vet Serv, USDA, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Mortenson, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97301 USA. [Kent, M. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97301 USA. [Fowler, D. R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Casper, WY 82602 USA. [Chomel, B. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Immell, D. A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. RP Mortenson, JA (reprint author), Vet Serv, USDA, 530 Ctr St NE,Suite 335, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM jack.a.mortenson@usda.gov FU Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX We thank Randy W. Wilson, Darren L. Bruning, and Brian R. Thomas for laboratory assistance. Also, we thank Valsin Fournet, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, for providing Trichinella-infected control tissue. Funding was provided by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (blood sample collection) and USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services (tongue samples and laboratory analysis). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 133 EP 135 DI 10.7589/2012-03-058 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297KJ UT WOS:000330254000019 PM 24171562 ER PT J AU da Silva, AC de Andrade, PMT Alfenas, AC Graca, RN Cannon, P Hauff, R Ferreira, DC Mori, S AF da Silva, Andre Costa Teixeira de Andrade, Pedro Magno Alfenas, Acelino Couto Graca, Rodrigo Neves Cannon, Phil Hauff, Rob Ferreira, Diego Cristiano Mori, Sylvia TI Virulence and Impact of Brazilian Strains of Puccinia psidii on Hawaiian 'Ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUST; RESISTANCE; MYRTACEAE; MARKERS AB A single strain of Puccinia psidii, the causal agent of rust disease on Myrtaceae, was recently reported on multiple myrtaceous hosts in Hawai'i, but this strain has caused only mild levels of damage to the state's predominant native forest tree, 'ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha). Multiple other strains of Puccinia psidii have been identified from Brazil and characterized via extensive sampling and microsatellite analyses. Potential effects of other Brazilian P. psidii strains on Hawai'i's 'ohi'a were investigated with two inoculation experiments conducted in Brazil. The first, a split-plot experiment, was conducted to determine pathological impact of five Brazilian P. psidii strains on 'ohi'a seedlings and to assess variation in susceptibility of seedlings from six different open-pollinated 'ohi'a parent trees to each P. psidii strain. The second experiment was conducted to determine influence of the rust disease on growth and survival of 'ohi'a seedlings. Three of the five P. psidii strains were highly virulent on most of the inoculated 'ohi'a seedlings (93%-100% infection rates), and none of the 'ohi'a families used in this test showed significant resistance. The other two strains tested were much less virulent. Infection by the highly virulent strains of P. psidii resulted, on average, in a 69% reduction in height growth and 27% increase in mortality of 'ohi'a seedlings at 6 months postinfection. These results have immediate implications for designing Hawai'i's quarantine barriers. C1 [da Silva, Andre Costa; Teixeira de Andrade, Pedro Magno; Alfenas, Acelino Couto; Ferreira, Diego Cristiano] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Plant Pathol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Graca, Rodrigo Neves] FuturaGeneBrasil, Itapetininga, SP, Brazil. [Cannon, Phil] USDA ARS, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Hauff, Rob] Dept Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Mori, Sylvia] USDA ARS, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cannon, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM pcannon@fs.fed.us RI Alfenas, Acelino/H-9504-2014 OI Alfenas, Acelino/0000-0001-9947-5847 FU U.S. Forest Service; Fapemig; CNPg; Clonar Resistencia a Doencas Florestais FX The authorship of this report is limited to those who worked on the experiments described herein, but several others deserve recognition. Professor Janice Uchida (plant pathologist at the University of Hawai'i) and Lloyd Loope (biologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Hawai'i) firmly advocated this line of research back in 2007 and provided edits of this report. Richard Sniezko (geneticist with DORENA Genetic Resource Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service) affirmed the split-plot design. Ned Klopfenstein and Amy Ross Davis (Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service) reviewed several versions of the manuscript. We are deeply grateful for each of their respective contributions. Financial or physical support was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Fapemig, CNPg, and Clonar Resistencia a Doencas Florestais. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 1 BP 47 EP + DI 10.2984/68.1.4 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 295WJ UT WOS:000330146800004 ER PT J AU Wang, ZS Schaaf, CB Strahler, AH Chopping, MJ Roman, MO Shuai, YM Woodcock, CE Hollinger, DY Fitzjarrald, DR AF Wang, Zhuosen Schaaf, Crystal B. Strahler, Alan H. Chopping, Mark J. Roman, Miguel O. Shuai, Yanmin Woodcock, Curtis E. Hollinger, David Y. Fitzjarrald, David R. TI Evaluation of MODIS albedo product (MCD43A) over grassland, agriculture and forest surface types during dormant and snow-covered periods SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS standard and daily albedo product; Snow albedo; Forest; Grassland; Spatial representativeness ID REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; BROAD-BAND ALBEDO; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; EOS-MODIS; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; BOREAL FORESTS; LAND SURFACES; VALIDATION AB This study assesses the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF/albedo 8 day standard product and products from the daily Direct Broadcast BRDF/albedo algorithm, and shows that these products agree well with ground-based albedo measurements during the more difficult periods of vegetation dormancy and snow cover. Cropland, grassland, deciduous and coniferous forests are considered. Using an integrated validation strategy, analyses of the representativeness of the surface heterogeneity under both dormant and snow-covered situations are performed to decide whether direct comparisons between ground measurements and 500-m satellite observations can be made or whether finer spatial resolution airborne or spaceborne data are required to scale the results at each location. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data are used to generate finer scale representations of albedo at each location to fully link ground data with satellite data. In general, results indicate the root mean square errors (RMSEs) are less than 0.030 over spatially representative sites of agriculture/grassland during the dormant periods and less than 0.050 during the snow-covered periods for MCD43A albedo products. For forest, the RMSEs are less than 0.020 during the dormant period and 0.025 during the snow-covered periods. However, a daily retrieval strategy is necessary to capture ephemeral snow events or rapidly changing situations such as the spring snow melt. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Zhuosen; Schaaf, Crystal B.] Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Strahler, Alan H.; Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Chopping, Mark J.] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ USA. [Roman, Miguel O.] NASA, Terr Informat Syst Lab Code 619, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Shuai, Yanmin] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Shuai, Yanmin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Fitzjarrald, David R.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Wang, ZS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Harbor Campusv, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM wangzhuosen@gmail.com RI Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X; FU NASA [NNX09AL03G, NNX08AE94A, NNX11AD58G] FX This research was supported by NASA awards NNX09AL03G, NNX08AE94A, and NNX11AD58G. The MODIS data were obtained from the NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs). The Landsat data were obtained from the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. NR 89 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 BP 60 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.025 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 290NS UT WOS:000329766200006 ER PT J AU Schroeder, W Ellicott, E Ichoku, C Ellison, L Dickinson, MB Ottmar, RD Clements, C Hall, D Ambrosia, V Kremens, R AF Schroeder, Wilfrid Ellicott, Evan Ichoku, Charles Ellison, Luke Dickinson, Matthew B. Ottmar, Roger D. Clements, Craig Hall, Dianne Ambrosia, Vincent Kremens, Robert TI Integrated active fire retrievals and biomass burning emissions using complementary near-coincident ground, airborne and spaceborne sensor data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass burning; Remote sensing; Airborne scanner; MODIS; GOES; Fire radiative-power; Fire emissions ID RADIATIVE ENERGY; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; EOS-MODIS; SATELLITE; FOREST; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; WILDFIRE; AMERICA AB Ground, airborne and spaceborne data were collected for a 450 ha prescribed fire implemented on 18 October 2011 at the Henry W. Coe State Park in California. The integration of various data elements allowed near-coincident active fire retrievals to be estimated. The Autonomous Modular Sensor-Wildfire CAMS) airborne multispectral imaging system was used as a bridge between ground and spaceborne data sets providing high-quality reference information to support satellite fire retrieval error analyses and fire emissions estimates. We found excellent agreement between peak fire radiant heat flux data (<1% error) derived from near-coincident ground radiometers and AMS. Both MODIS and GOES imager active fire products were negatively influenced by the presence of thick smoke, which was misclassified as cloud by their algorithms, leading to the omission of fire pixels beneath the smoke, and resulting in the underestimation of their retrieved fire radiative power (FRP) values for the burn plot, compared to the reference airborne data. Agreement between airborne and spaceborne FRP data improved significantly after correction for omission errors and atmospheric attenuation, resulting in as low as 5% difference between Aqua/MODIS and AMS. Use of in situ fuel and fire energy estimates in combination with a collection of AMS, MODIS, and GOES FRP retrievals provided a fuel consumption factor of 0.261 kg MJ(-1), total energy release of 14.5e + 06 MJ, and total fuel consumption of 3.8e + 06 kg. Fire emissions were calculated using two separate techniques, resulting in as low as 15% difference for various species. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Schroeder, Wilfrid; Ellicott, Evan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ichoku, Charles; Ellison, Luke] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Clements, Craig; Hall, Dianne] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Ambrosia, Vincent] Calif State Univ, Monterey, CA USA. [Kremens, Robert] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Ellison, Luke] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Schroeder, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wilfrid.schroeder@noaa.gov RI Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; Ichoku, Charles/E-1857-2012; OI Ichoku, Charles/0000-0003-3244-4549; Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology program office; NASA [NNX11AM26G] FX We are grateful for all the support provided by the CAL FIRE Santa Clara Unit personnel and California State Parks Park staff, who implemented the prescribed fire at HCSP and supported in situ science data collection, the NASA/Dryden and NASA/Ames aircrew and system engineers responsible for the AMS system operation. Funding support for the airborne operations was provided by Dr. Diane Wickland through NASA's Terrestrial Ecology program office and additional funding support for science data analyses was provided by NASA's Earth Science grant NNX11AM26G. We also thank Shana Matto at NASA/Goddard for providing customized MODIS aerosol product files for improved emissions calculations. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 BP 719 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.10.010 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 290NS UT WOS:000329766200059 ER PT J AU Robertson, LJ Sprong, H Ortega, YR van der Giessen, JWB Fayer, R AF Robertson, Lucy J. Sprong, Hein Ortega, Ynes R. van der Giessen, Joke W. B. Fayer, Ron TI Impacts of globalisation on foodborne parasites SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; establishment; food safety; import; surveillance; transmission ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CYCLOSPORA-CAYETANENSIS; UNITED-STATES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; BAYLISASCARIS-PROCYONIS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; ILLEGAL WILDLIFE; HIGH PREVALENCE; HUMAN INFECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN AB Globalisation is a manmade phenomenon encompassing the spread and movement of everything, animate and inanimate, material and intangible, around the planet. The intentions of globalisation may be worthy but may also have unintended consequences. Pathogens may also be spread, enabling their establishment in new niches and exposing new human and animal populations to infection. The plethora of foodborne parasites that could be distributed by globalisation has only recently been acknowledged and will provide challenges for clinicians, veterinarians, diagnosticians, and everyone concerned with food safety. Globalisation may also provide the resources to overcome some of these challenges. It will facilitate sharing of methods and approaches, and establishment of systems and databases that enable control of parasites entering the global food chain. C1 [Robertson, Lucy J.] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Food Safety & Infect Biol, Parasitol Lab, Sect Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. [Sprong, Hein; van der Giessen, Joke W. B.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Zoonoses & Environm Microbiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Ortega, Ynes R.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Fayer, Ron] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Robertson, LJ (reprint author), Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Food Safety & Infect Biol, Parasitol Lab, Sect Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, POB 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. EM lucy.robertson@nvh.no OI Sprong, Hein/0000-0002-0218-4320 NR 117 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 EI 1471-5007 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2013.09.005 PG 16 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 296AC UT WOS:000330156500006 PM 24140284 ER PT J AU Largo, E Gladue, DP Huarte, N Borca, MV Nieva, JL AF Largo, Eneko Gladue, Douglas P. Huarte, Nerea Borca, Manuel V. Nieva, Jose L. TI Pore-forming activity of pestivirus p7 in a minimal model system supports genus-specific viroporin function SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pestivirus; Classical swine fever virus; Viroporin; Viroporin inhibition; Channel blocker; Pore-forming protein ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; ION-CHANNEL ACTIVITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PROTEIN; AMANTADINE; MEMBRANES; LOCALIZATION; ARCHITECTURE; REGION AB Viroporins are small integral membrane proteins functional in viral assembly and egress by promoting permeabilization. Blocking of viroporin function therefore constitutes a target for antiviral development. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) protein p7 has been recently regarded as a class II viroporin. Here, we sought to establish the determinants of the CSFV p7 permeabilizing activity in a minimal model system. Assessment of an overlapping peptide library mapped the porating domain to the C-terminal hydrophobic stretch (residues 39-67). Pore-opening dependence on pH or sensitivity to channel blockers observed for the full protein required the inclusion of a preceding polar sequence (residues 33-38). Effects of lipid composition and structural data further support that the resulting peptide (residues 33-67), may comprise a bona fide surrogate to assay p7 activity in model membranes. Our observations imply that CSFV p7 relies on genus-specific structures-mechanisms to perform its viroporin function. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Largo, Eneko; Huarte, Nerea; Nieva, Jose L.] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Biophys Unit CSIC UPV EHU, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Largo, Eneko; Huarte, Nerea; Nieva, Jose L.] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Biochem & Mol Biol Dept, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Gladue, Douglas P.; Borca, Manuel V.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Nieva, JL (reprint author), Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Biophys Unit CSIC UPV EHU, POB 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain. EM gbpniesj@Ig.ehu.es FU Spanish MINECO; Basque Government [BIO2011-29792, IT838-13] FX This study was in part supported by Spanish MINECO and Basque Government Grants (BIO2011-29792 and IT838-13 to J.L.N.) NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 EI 1872-9096 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 101 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.antivira1.2013.10.015 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 290QF UT WOS:000329772700004 PM 24189547 ER PT J AU Loeffler, D Anderson, N AF Loeffler, Dan Anderson, Nathaniel TI Emissions tradeoffs associated with cofiring forest biomass with coal: A case study in Colorado, USA SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Forest biomass; Greenhouse gas emissions; Air pollution; Bioenergy; Cofire ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; LOGGING RESIDUES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GREENHOUSE GASES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOENERGY; ENERGY AB Cofiring forest biomass residues with coal to generate electricity is often cited for its potential to offset fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but the extent to which cofiring achieves these objectives is highly dependent on case specific variables. This paper uses facility and forest specific data to examine emissions from cofiring forest biomass with coal ranging up to 20% substitution by heat value in southwest Colorado, USA. Calculations for net system emissions include five emissions sources: coal mining, power plant processes, forest biomass processes, boiler emissions, and forest biomass disposal. At the maximum displacement of 20% of heat demand using 120,717 t of forest biomass per year, total system emissions are projected to decrease by 15% for CO2, 95% for CH4, 18% for NOX, 82% for PM10, and 27% for SOX. PM10 and CH4 emissions benefits are closely tied to reducing open burning for residue disposal. At maximum displacement, 189,240 t of CO2 emissions equivalent to the annual CO2 emissions from 36,200 passenger vehicles, 440,000 barrels of oil, or nearly 990 railcars of coal are avoided. When forest biomass is not cofired, emissions equivalent to 144,200 t of CO2 are emitted from open burning. In addition to exploring the details of this case, we provide a methodology for assessing the emissions tradeoffs related to using forest biomass for cogeneration that incorporates the operational aspects of managing forest treatment residues, which are frequently omitted from similar analyses. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Loeffler, Dan] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Anderson, Nathaniel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Loeffler, D (reprint author), 200 East Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM drloeffler@fs.fed.us; nathanielmanderson@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station Competitive Research Initiative; US Forest Service National Fire Plan FX Funding for this study was provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station Competitive Research Initiative and the US Forest Service National Fire Plan. We gratefully thank Stephen Sullivan and Lance Wade for power plant and mine fuel and emissions data and technical consultation. NR 83 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JAN PY 2014 VL 113 SI SI BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.07.011 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 293DV UT WOS:000329952500008 ER PT J AU Venkateswaran, K Vaishampayan, P Benardini, JN Rooney, AP Spry, JA AF Venkateswaran, Kasthuri Vaishampayan, Parag Benardini, James N., III Rooney, Alejandro P. Spry, J. Andy TI Deposition of Extreme-Tolerant Bacterial Strains Isolated during Different Phases of Phoenix Spacecraft Assembly in a Public Culture Collection SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT News Item DE Acidophile; Alkaliphile; Extremophiles; Planetary protection; Mission ID CLEAN ROOM ENVIRONMENTS; MICROORGANISMS; SURVIVAL; NOV. AB Extreme-tolerant bacteria (82 strains; 67 species) isolated during various assembly phases of the Phoenix spacecraft were permanently archived within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection in Peoria, Illinois. This represents the first microbial collection of spacecraft-associated surfaces within the United States to be deposited into a freely available, government-funded culture collection. Archiving extreme-tolerant microorganisms from NASA mission(s) will provide opportunities for scientists who are involved in exploring microbes that can tolerate extreme conditions. C1 [Venkateswaran, Kasthuri; Vaishampayan, Parag; Benardini, James N., III; Spry, J. Andy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Venkateswaran, K (reprint author), 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kjvenkat@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 DI 10.1089/ast.2013.0978 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 290LJ UT WOS:000329758500003 PM 24392704 ER PT J AU Akagi, SK Burling, IR Mendoza, A Johnson, TJ Cameron, M Griffith, DWT Paton-Walsh, C Weise, DR Reardon, J Yokelson, RJ AF Akagi, S. K. Burling, I. R. Mendoza, A. Johnson, T. J. Cameron, M. Griffith, D. W. T. Paton-Walsh, C. Weise, D. R. Reardon, J. Yokelson, R. J. TI Field measurements of trace gases emitted by prescribed fires in southeastern US pine forests using an open-path FTIR system SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; WILDLAND FIREFIGHTERS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; SMOKE EXPOSURE; BIOMASS FIRES; ACETIC-ACID; AIR AB We report trace-gas emission factors from three pine-understory prescribed fires in South Carolina, US measured during the fall of 2011. The fires were more intense than many prescribed burns because the fuels included mature pine stands not subjected to prescribed fire in decades that were lit following an extended drought. Emission factors were measured with a fixed open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) system that was deployed on the fire control lines. We compare these emission factors to those measured with a roving, point sampling, land-based FTIR and an airborne FTIR deployed on the same fires. We also compare to emission factors measured by a similar OP-FTIR system deployed on savanna fires in Africa. The data suggest that the method used to sample smoke can strongly influence the relative abundance of the emissions that are observed. The majority of fire emissions were lofted in the convection column and were sampled by the airborne FTIR. The roving, ground-based, point sampling FTIR measured the contribution of individual residual smoldering combustion fuel elements scattered throughout the burn site. The OP-FTIR provided a similar to 30 m path-integrated sample of emissions transported to the fixed path via complex ground-level circulation. The OP-FTIR typically probed two distinct combustion regimes, "flaming-like" (immediately after adjacent ignition and before the adjacent plume achieved significant vertical development) and "smoldering-like." These two regimes are denoted "early" and "late", respectively. The path-integrated sample of the ground-level smoke layer adjacent to the fire from the OP-FTIR provided our best estimate of fire-line exposure to smoke for wildland fire personnel. We provide a table of estimated fire-line exposures for numerous known air toxics based on synthesizing results from several studies. Our data suggest that peak exposures are more likely to challenge permissible exposure limits for wildland fire personnel than shift-average (8 h) exposures. C1 [Akagi, S. K.; Burling, I. R.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mendoza, A.; Johnson, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Cameron, M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Paton-Walsh, C.] Univ Wollongong, Dept Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. [Weise, D. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Reardon, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Paton-Walsh, Clare/B-2774-2009 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Paton-Walsh, Clare/0000-0003-1156-4138 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project [RC-1649]; Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement [08JV11272166039] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project RC-1649 and administered partly through Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement 08JV11272166039, and we thank the sponsors for their support. We greatly appreciate the collaboration and efforts of John Maitland and forestry staff at Fort Jackson. NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.5194/acp-14-199-2014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600014 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Korfmacher, JL AF Musselman, Robert C. Korfmacher, John L. TI Ozone in remote areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Forests; High elevation; NAAQS; Nighttime exposure; Stratospheric intrusion; W126 ID STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; SURFACE OZONE; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; RURAL-AREAS; VEGETATION; COLORADO; SITES; STANDARDS; EMISSIONS AB Ozone (O-3) data are sparse for remote, non-urban mountain areas of the western U.S. Ozone was monitored 2007-2011 at high elevation sites in national forests in Colorado and northeastern Utah using a portable battery-powered O-3 monitor. The data suggest that many of these remote locations already have O-3 concentrations that would contribute to exceedance of the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O-3 and most could exceed a proposed more stringent secondary standard. There were significant year-to-year differences in O-3 concentration. Ozone was primarily in the mid-concentration range, rarely exceeding 100 ppb or dropping below 30 ppb. The small diel changes in concentration indicate mixing ratios of NOx, VOCs, and O-3 that favor stable O-3 concentrations. The large number of mid-level O-3 concentrations contributed to high W126 O-3 values, the metric proposed as a possible new secondary standard. Higher O-3 concentrations in springtime and at night suggest that stratospheric intrusion may be contributing to ambient O-3 at these sites. Highest nighttime O-3 concentrations occurred at the highest elevations, while daytime O-3 concentrations did not have a relationship with elevation. These factors favor O-3 concentrations at many of our remote locations that may exceed the O-3 NAAQS, and suggest that exceedances are likely to occur at other western rural locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Musselman, Robert C.; Korfmacher, John L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rmusselman@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 82 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.051 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292EY UT WOS:000329886200040 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Jiang, ZH Fei, BH Cai, ZY Pan, XJ AF Li, Zhiqiang Jiang, Zehui Fei, Benhua Cai, Zhiyong Pan, Xuejun TI Comparison of bamboo green, timber and yellow in sulfite, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatments for enzymatic saccharification SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPORL pretreatment; Dilute acid pretreatment; Alkali pretreatment; Enzymatic saccharification; Bamboo ID DILUTE-ACID; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SPORL; HYDROLYSIS AB The response and behavior of bamboo green, timber, and yellow of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) to three pretreatments, sulfite (SPORL), dilute acid (DA), and alkali (NaOH), were investigated and compared with varied chemical loadings at 180 degrees C for 30 min with a 6.25:1 (v/w) liquor-to-bamboo ratio. All the pretreatments improved the enzymatic digestibility of bamboo substrates. Under the investigated conditions, the DA pretreatment achieved better enzymatic digestibility, but had lower sugar recovery yield, and formed more fermentation inhibitors. The results suggested that the SPORL pretreatment be able to generate more readily digestible bamboo substrate with higher sugar yield and fewer fermentation inhibitors than the corresponding DA pretreatment if hemicelluloses are sufficiently removed by adding more acid to bring down the pretreatment pH. Bamboo timber had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility and therefore was a better feedstock for bioconversion than bamboo green and yellow. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zhiqiang; Jiang, Zehui; Fei, Benhua] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Pan, Xuejun] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. EM jiangzehui@icbr.ac.cn; xpan@wisc.edu FU Fundamental Research Funds for the International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan [1632012001]; NSF Career Award [CBET-0847049] FX The authors acknowledge Drs. Qiang Yang and Li Shuai for their assistance in HPLC analyses. This work was supported by "the Fundamental Research Funds for the International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan" (Grant No 1632012001) and partially by the NSF Career Award to Dr. Xuejun Pan (CBET-0847049). NR 23 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 151 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.060 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 294ZG UT WOS:000330085800014 PM 24212128 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Mattson, WJ Friend, AL Raffa, KF AF Coyle, David R. Mattson, William J., Jr. Friend, Alexander L. Raffa, Kenneth F. TI Effects of an invasive herbivore at the single plant scale do not extend to population-scale seedling dynamics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; MAPLE ACER-SACCHARUM; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SUGAR MAPLE; ROOT HERBIVORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; PHYLLOBIUS-OBLONGUS; WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; TEMPERATE FORESTS AB A complex of nine invasive weevils has established in the northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region. These weevils have become the numerically dominant arthropod fauna in the lower vegetation strata of this ecosystem. Effects of these folivorous adults and rhizophagous larvae on seedling survival and density are unknown. We measured the impact of adult weevil defoliation on individual sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) seedlings, the numerically dominant flora in these stands. Over 14 500 seedlings were measured to examine the effects of larval abundance, adult abundance, and adult defoliation on seedling dynamics during 2005-2009. Heavy defoliation led to individual sugar maple seedling mortality. However, at the stand level there was no measureable net effect of invasive weevils against the high natural background rates of seedling mortality. Seedling growth and biomass were reduced by high adult or larval populations, which were associated with heavy leaf and root herbivory, but not by moderate adult or larval populations. We conclude that high levels of redundancy and compensatory processes in this environment allow sugar maple seedling populations to tolerate high levels of weevil damage, although additional stresses could reduce this resilience. C1 [Coyle, David R.; Raffa, Kenneth F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mattson, William J., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Friend, Alexander L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM drcoyle@uga.edu FU McIntire-Stennis [WIS04969,] FX We thank Aaron Adams, Kyle Buechel, Allison Czechowitz, Morgan Jones, Michelle Jordan, Alex Kendrick, Mike Komp, Carly Lapin, Matt Moore, and Joe Schmidt (University of WisconsinMadison), and Bruce Birr, JoAnn Lund, and Anita Voss (USDA Forest Service, Rhinelander, Wisconsin) for field and laboratory assistance. Rick Nordheim, Peter Crump, and Nick Keuler (University of Wisconsin-Madison) provided statistical consultation and assistance. We thank the Ball Corp. (Watertown, Wisconsin) for graciously donating materials for emergence traps. We thank the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that greatly improved this paper. This research has been funded wholly or in part by McIntire-Stennis Project No. WIS04969, the University of Wisconsin College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Applied Ecological Services, Inc. (Brodhead, Wisconsin), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship Program. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect those of the EPA. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0307 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 291FC UT WOS:000329812300002 ER PT J AU Klocko, AL Meilan, R James, RR Viswanath, V Ma, C Payne, P Miller, L Skinner, JS Oppert, B Cardineau, GA Strauss, SH AF Klocko, Amy L. Meilan, Richard James, Rosalind R. Viswanath, Venkatesh Ma, Cathleen Payne, Peggy Miller, Lawrence Skinner, Jeffrey S. Oppert, Brenda Cardineau, Guy A. Strauss, Steven H. TI Bt-Cry3Aa transgene expression reduces insect damage and improves growth in field-grown hybrid poplar SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; D-ENDOTOXIN GENE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; CATERPILLAR LEPIDOPTERA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; POPULUS; TREES; TRANSFORMATION AB The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the cry3Aa transgene in two field trials. An initial screening of 502 trees comprising 51 transgenic gene insertion events in four clonal backgrounds (Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides, clones 24-305, 50-197, and 198-434; and P. deltoides x Populus nigra, clone OP-367) resulted in transgenic trees with greatly reduced insect damage. A large-scale study of 402 trees from nine insertion events in clone OP-367, conducted over two growing seasons, demonstrated reduced tree damage and significantly increased volume growth (mean 14%). Quantification of Cry3Aa protein indicated high levels of expression, which continued after 14 years of annual or biannual coppice in a clone bank. With integrated management, the cry3Aa gene appears to be a highly effective tool for protecting against leaf beetle damage and improving yields from poplar plantations. C1 [Klocko, Amy L.; Ma, Cathleen; Strauss, Steven H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meilan, Richard] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [James, Rosalind R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol UMC 5310, USDA ARS Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84333 USA. [Viswanath, Venkatesh] Global Inst Intellectual Property GIIP 254, New Delhi 110020, India. [Payne, Peggy] Walla Walla Publ Sch, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Miller, Lawrence] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Skinner, Jeffrey S.] Bayer Vegetable Seeds, Crop Genom, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Cardineau, Guy A.] Escuela Biotecnol & Alimentos Tecnol Monterrey, Ctr Agrobiotecnol, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Steve.Strauss@oregonstate.edu FU Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative at OSU FX We thank Manuela Huso of Oregon State University (OSU) for her statistical analysis of the bioassay, tree growth, and tree damage data, as well as her detailed review of the manuscript. We also thank Ariel Muldoon of OSU for her help with the statistical analysis of the ELISA and bioassay data; Mycogen Corporation (now Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, Indiana) for providing their cry3Aa plasmid; the industrial members of the Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative at OSU for financial support; and Boise Cascade for providing the field site, including irrigation and management thereof. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0270 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 291FC UT WOS:000329812300004 ER PT J AU Rhee, H Foltz, RB Fridley, JL Krogstad, F Page-Dumroese, DS AF Rhee, Hakjun Foltz, Randy B. Fridley, James L. Krogstad, Finn Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. TI An alternative method for determining particle-size distribution of forest road aggregate and soil with large-sized particles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article DE grain-size distribution; gravel road; soil grading; soil sampling; unpaved road ID BULK-DENSITY AB Measurement of particle-size distribution (PSD) of soil with large-sized particles (e.g., 25.4 mm diameter) requires a large sample and numerous particle-size analyses (PSAs). A new method is needed that would reduce time, effort, and cost for PSAs of the soil and aggregate material with large-sized particles. We evaluated a nested method for sampling and PSA by comparing it with the methods that follow the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standard T88-00 and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D422-63. Using 33 forest road aggregate samples from the Clearwater National Forest in northern Idaho, the nested method required much less laboratory time and effort and resulted in similar PSA values, except for the 0.149 mm (No. 100) sieve, where the smallest particle-size fraction (PSF) values (1.30% and 1.39%) were observed. The nested method shows great potential for determining PSDs of the soil and aggregate material with large-sized particles and should be tested on other forest soils and road aggregates. The nested sampling and analysis method allows for the same number of samples to be collected but requires less laboratory time, making it more efficient and economical for testing the soil and aggregate material with large-sized particles such as forest road aggregate. C1 [Rhee, Hakjun; Fridley, James L.; Krogstad, Finn] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Foltz, Randy B.; Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Rhee, H (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM hakjun.rhee@gmail.com FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This study was supported by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. We thank Benjamin Kopyscianski at the Rocky Mountain Research Station for his help in the field and laboratory. We also thank Rebecca Shifler, Leah Kirkland, and Natalie Copeland for their help in the laboratory. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0327 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 291FC UT WOS:000329812300012 ER PT J AU Ibanez, I Diez, JM Miller, LP Olden, JD Sorte, CJB Blumenthal, DM Bradley, BA D'Antonio, CM Dukes, JS Early, RI Grosholz, ED Lawler, JJ AF Ibanez, Ines Diez, Jeffrey M. Miller, Luke P. Olden, Julian D. Sorte, Cascade J. B. Blumenthal, Dana M. Bradley, Bethany A. D'Antonio, Carla M. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Early, Regan I. Grosholz, Edwin D. Lawler, Joshua J. TI Integrated assessment of biological invasions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Celastrus orbiculatus; demographic framework; hierarchical Bayesian models; invasive species management; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Orconectes rusticus; risk assessment; dispersal phase; colonization phase; proliferation phase; multiple scales ID CRAYFISH ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; CELASTRUS-ORBICULATUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS; PLANT INVASIONS; SPECIES RANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; RESPONSES; MODELS; SPREAD AB As the main witnesses of the ecological and economic impacts of invasions on ecosystems around the world, ecologists seek to provide the relevant science that informs managers about the potential for invasion of specific organisms in their region(s) of interest. Yet, the assorted literature that could inform such forecasts is rarely integrated to do so, and further, the diverse nature of the data available complicates synthesis and quantitative prediction. Here we present a set of analytical tools for synthesizing different levels of distributional and/or demographic data to produce meaningful assessments of invasion potential that can guide management at multiple phases of ongoing invasions, from dispersal to colonization to proliferation. We illustrate the utility of data-synthesis and data-model assimilation approaches with case studies of three well-known invasive speciesa vine, a marine mussel, and a freshwater crayfishunder current and projected future climatic conditions. Results from the integrated assessments reflect the complexity of the invasion process and show that the most relevant climatic variables can have contrasting effects or operate at different intensities across habitat types. As a consequence, for two of the study species climate trends will increase the likelihood of invasion in some habitats and decrease it in others. Our results identified and quantified both bottlenecks and windows of opportunity for invasion, mainly related to the role of human uses of the landscape or to disruption of the flow of resources. The approach we describe has a high potential to enhance model realism, explanatory insight, and predictive capability, generating information that can inform management decisions and optimize phase-specific prevention and control efforts for a wide range of biological invasions. C1 [Ibanez, Ines; Diez, Jeffrey M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Diez, Jeffrey M.] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Miller, Luke P.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sorte, Cascade J. B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bradley, Bethany A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Early, Regan I.] Univ Evora, Catedra Rui Nabeiro, Evora, Portugal. [Grosholz, Edwin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ibanez, I (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM iibanez@umich.edu RI Bradley, Bethany/B-1964-2008; Miller, Luke/B-8992-2009; Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; OI Bradley, Bethany/0000-0003-4912-4971; Miller, Luke/0000-0002-2009-6981; Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU Climate and Invasions Working Group-National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, NSF [EF-0553768] FX We thank N. Molinari and S. Jones for their feedback during the early discussions of this project, the Climate and Invasions Working Group-National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, NSF (Grant #EF-0553768), and the University of California-Santa Barbara. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 140 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1890/13-0776.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291OB UT WOS:000329836900005 PM 24640532 ER PT J AU Cocking, MI Varner, JM Knapp, EE AF Cocking, Matthew I. Varner, J. Morgan Knapp, Eric E. TI Long-term effects of fire severity on oak-conifer dynamics in the southern Cascades SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alternative vegetation states; conifer encroachment; fire effects; fire exclusion; Quercus kelloggii; resprouting; top-kill; tree mortality ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; TREE MORTALITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SIERRA-NEVADA; BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; ACORN PRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA; FOREST; REGENERATION; WILDFIRE AB We studied vegetation composition and structure in a mixed conifer-oak ecosystem across a range of fire severity 10 years following wildfire. Sample plots centered on focal California black oaks (Quercus kelloggii) were established to evaluate oak and neighboring tree and shrub recovery across a gradient of fire severity in the southern Cascade Range, USA. Shrub and oak resprouting was strongest around focal oaks where conifer mortality was greatest. Linear modeling revealed negative relationships between California black oak sprout height or basal area and residual overstory tree survival, primarily white fir (Abies concolor). The two dominant competing species, California black oak and white fir, showed opposite responses to fire severity. Sprouting California black oak and associated shrubs dominated in severely burned areas, while surviving, non-sprouting white fir maintained dominance by its height advantage and shading effects in areas that burned with low fire severity. Our results indicate that high-severity fire promotes persistence and restoration of ecosystems containing resprouting species, such as California black oak, that are increasingly rare due to widespread fire exclusion in landscapes that historically experienced more frequent fire. We present a conceptual model based on our results and supported by a synthesis of postfire resprouting dynamics literature. Our results and conceptual model help illuminate long-term postfire vegetation responses and the potential ability of fire to catalyze formation of alternate vegetation community structures that may not be apparent in studies that evaluate postfire effects at shorter time-since-fire intervals or at coarser scales. C1 [Cocking, Matthew I.; Varner, J. Morgan] Humboldt State Univ, Wildland Fire Lab, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Cocking, MI (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Eureka, CA 95503 USA. EM micocking@gmail.com FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Almanor Ranger District of Lassen National Forest FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, and the Almanor Ranger District of Lassen National Forest. The manuscript benefited from suggestions and assistance from R. Sherriff, P. Doyle, B. Estes, and R. Van Kirk. Thoughtful advice and field assistance for this research was also provided by E. Engber, E. Banwell, C. Madden, N. Schroeter, J. Emmons, and J. Crotteau. NR 85 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 94 EP 107 DI 10.1890/13-0473.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291OB UT WOS:000329836900010 PM 24640537 ER PT J AU Bolton, MD de Jonge, R Inderbitzin, P Liu, ZH Birla, K Van de Peer, Y Subbarao, KV Thomma, BPHJ Secor, GA AF Bolton, Melvin D. de Jonge, Ronnie Inderbitzin, Patrik Liu, Zhaohui Birla, Keshav Van de Peer, Yves Subbarao, Krishna V. Thomma, Bart P. H. J. Secor, Gary A. TI The heterothallic sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola contains exon fragments of both MAT genes that are homogenized by concerted evolution SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cercospora; Mating type; MAT1-1-1; MAT1-2-1; Retroposition; Concerted evolution ID DE-NOVO IDENTIFICATION; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; NEUROSPORA-TETRASPERMA; MOLECULAR-ORGANIZATION; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; LOCI; SYSTEMS; RECOMBINATION; RESISTANCE; TOOL AB Dothideomycetes is one of the most ecologically diverse and economically important classes of fungi. Sexual reproduction in this group is governed by mating type (MAT) genes at the MAT1 locus. Self-sterile (heterothallic) species contain one of two genes at MAT1 (MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1) and only isolates of opposite mating type are sexually compatible. In contrast, self-fertile (homothallic) species contain both MAT genes at MAT1. Knowledge of the reproductive capacities of plant pathogens are of particular interest because recombining populations tend to be more difficult to manage in agricultural settings. In this study, we sequenced MAT1 in the heterothallic Dothideomycete fungus Cercospora beticola to gain insight into the reproductive capabilities of this important plant pathogen. In addition to the expected MAT gene at MAT1, each isolate contained fragments of both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 at ostensibly random loci across the genome. When MAT fragments from each locus were manually assembled, they reconstituted MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 exons with high identity, suggesting a retroposition event occurred in a homothallic ancestor in which both MAT genes were fused. The genome sequences of related taxa revealed that MAT gene fragment pattern of Cercospora zeae-maydis was analogous to C beticola. In contrast, the genome of more distantly related Mycosphaerella graminicola did not contain MAT fragments. Although fragments occurred in syntenic regions of the C bed cola and C zeae-maydis genomes, each MAT fragment was more closely related to the intact MAT gene of the same species. Taken together, these data suggest MAT genes fragmented after divergence of M. graminicola from the remaining taxa, and concerted evolution functioned to homogenize MAT fragments and MAT genes in each species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bolton, Melvin D.; Birla, Keshav] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. [de Jonge, Ronnie; Van de Peer, Yves] VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Ghent, Belgium. [de Jonge, Ronnie; Van de Peer, Yves] Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Bioinformat, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Inderbitzin, Patrik; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liu, Zhaohui; Secor, Gary A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Birla, Keshav; Thomma, Bart P. H. J.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Phytopathol, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Bolton, MD (reprint author), 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM Melvin.Bolton@ars.usda.gov RI Thomma, Bart/E-5959-2011; Van de Peer, Yves/D-4388-2009; de Jonge, Ronnie/I-3260-2016; OI Thomma, Bart/0000-0003-4125-4181; Van de Peer, Yves/0000-0003-4327-3730; de Jonge, Ronnie/0000-0001-5065-8538; Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU USDA - ARS CRIS Project [5442-22000-047-00]; Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX We thank Xiaoyun Wang (USDA - ARS) for excellent technical assistance, and Drs. Stephen Goodwin (USDA - ARS) and Burton Bluhm (University of Arkansas) for permission to use selected M. fijiensis and C. zeae-maydis genome sequence data. This research was partially supported by USDA - ARS CRIS Project 5442-22000-047-00 and grants to MDB from the Beet Sugar Development Foundation. NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.011 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 293DK UT WOS:000329951400005 PM 24216224 ER PT J AU Stover, E Driggers, R Richardson, ML Hall, DG Duan, YP Lee, RF AF Stover, Ed Driggers, Randall Richardson, Matthew L. Hall, David G. Duan, Yongping Lee, Richard F. TI Incidence and Severity of Asiatic Citrus Canker on Diverse Citrus and Citrus-related Germplasm in a Florida Field Planting SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aurantioideae; Phyllocnistis citrella; resistance; Rutaceae; Toddalioideae; Xanthomonas citri ssp citri ID AXONOPODIS PV. CITRI; BACTERIAL DISEASES; XANTHOMONAS-CITRI; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CULTIVARS; HYBRIDS; GENOTYPES; MARKERS; LIME AB Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc) is the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker (ACC), a commercially important disease in Florida citrus as well as in many other regions. In this study we evaluated occurrence of foliar lesions from ACC on progenies of 94 seed-source genotypes (hereafter called "parent genotypes") of Citrus and Citrus relatives in the field in east central Florida to identify the relative susceptibility to ACC. Eight seedlings per parent genotype were planted in a randomized complete block planting, but the number of plants assessed in some genotype groups was reduced by mortality at some or all sampling dates. Plants experienced ambient exposure to high Xcc inoculum pressure and plants were assessed in Sept. 2010, July 2011, Oct. 2011, May 2012, and Sept. 2012. The incidence and severity of ACC lesions were assessed and evaluated using non-parametric analyses to compare progeny from the 94 parent genotypes. Progeny of 14 parent genotypes did not exhibit ACC symptoms at any date. All were in genera other than Citrus with only Microcitrus and Eremocitrus being cross-compatible with Citrus. The kumquat hybrid C. halimii, two accessions of C. reticulata, C. nobilis, and C. sunki were the only Citrus species in the group that had a low severity (percent total leaf area showing symptoms) on each date of assessment. The aforementioned accessions had an average incidence and severity of ACC lesions of less than 4% in 2011 and 2012, but 26% to 38% in 2010 when no chemical control for ACC was applied in the adjoining citrus groves at our field site. Fourteen of the 16 progeny of C. reticulata and related parent genotypes were in the group with the lowest incidence and severity of ACC on two or more assessment dates. However, for analysis of only the most symptomatic leaves on each plant, 10 C. reticulata parent genotype progenies were in the most resistant category on the Sept. 2012 assessment despite having a low incidence and severity of ACC symptoms overall. Progeny of Poncirus and its hybrids as well as those of C. maxima, C. limon, and related species were the most severely diseased at all assessment dates. There were few instances in which progeny of different accessions of the same species had markedly different responses to ACC: progeny of C. reticulata 'Fremont' displayed more severe ACC compared with several other C. reticulata groups and C. aurantium 'Zhuluan' displayed much lower incidence and severity of ACC compared with several other accessions designated C. aurantium. Information on ACC susceptibility in diverse Citrus and Citrus relatives may prove useful for breeding programs aimed at reducing ACC susceptibility and will be of value to researchers interested in mechanisms of ACC resistance and susceptibility. C1 [Stover, Ed; Driggers, Randall; Richardson, Matthew L.; Hall, David G.; Duan, Yongping] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Lee, Richard F.] ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, USDA, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, 2001 South Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Ed.Stover@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 290PU UT WOS:000329771600001 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Trent, MA Mou, BQ Simko, I Gebben, SJ Bull, CT AF Hayes, Ryan J. Trent, Mark A. Mou, Beiquan Simko, Ivan Gebben, Samantha J. Bull, Carolee T. TI Baby Leaf Lettuce Germplasm Enhancement: Developing Diverse Populations with Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; disease; disease resistance; distributive breeding; genetics; shelf-life; vegetable ID SHELF-LIFE AB Baby leaf lettuce cultivars with resistance to bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians (Xcv) are needed to reduce crop losses. The objectives of this research were to assess the genetic diversity for BLS resistance in baby leaf lettuce cultivars and to select early generation populations of lettuce with BLS resistance. Greenhouse experiments using artificial Xcv inoculations were conducted to assess BLS resistance in 35 cultivars of 10 lettuce types used in baby leaf production and in F-2 through F-3:4 progeny from 'Batavia Reine des Glaces' (BLS-resistant, green leaf color) x 'Eruption' (BLS-susceptible, red leaf color). Higher disease severity was identified in red leaf and red romaine cultivars compared with other types, indicating the need to target these types for resistance breeding. Selection for BLS resistance and red-colored leaves was therefore conducted among 486 F-2 plants, 38 F-2:3 families, and two populations of F3:4 families from 'Batavia Reine des Glaces' x 'Eruption'. Two populations were identified with uniform levels of BLS resistance equivalent to 'Batavia Reine des Glaces' and variable leaf morphology and color. These populations can be used by private and publicly employed lettuce breeders to select for diverse types of lettuce cultivars suitable for baby leaf production and with BLS resistance. C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Trent, Mark A.; Mou, Beiquan; Simko, Ivan; Bull, Carolee T.] ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Gebben, Samantha J.] Hartnell Coll, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ryan.Hayes@ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; California Department of Food and Agriculture; NSF Science Talent Expansion Project (STEP), Hartnell College, Salinas, CA [0525444] FX This research was supported by the California Leafy Greens Research Program and the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Partial funding for work by S. Gebben was provided by an NSF Science Talent Expansion Project (STEP) grant #0525444 Hartnell College, Salinas, CA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 290PU UT WOS:000329771600003 ER PT J AU Harkins, RH Strik, BC Bryla, DR AF Harkins, Renee H. Strik, Bernadine C. Bryla, David R. TI Weed Management Practices for Organic Production of Trailing Blackberry, II. Accumulation and Loss of Biomass and Nutrients SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE landscape fabric; organic fertilizer; Rubus; tissue nutrient status weed control ID RED RASPBERRY; THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; NITROGEN UPTAKE; FERTILIZER; CALCIUM; FRUIT; PLANT; MULCH; GROWTH; SOIL AB A study was conducted in western Oregon to assess the impact of cultivar and weed management strategy on accumulation and loss of plant biomass and nutrients during the first 3 years of establishment when using organic fertilizer. The study was conducted in trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) planted in May 2010 and certified organic in May 2012. Treatments included two cultivars, Marion and Black Diamond, each with either no weed control after the first year after planting or with weeds managed by hand-weeding or the use of weed mat. Each treatment was amended with organically approved fertilizers at pre-plant and was drip-fertigated with fish emulsion each spring. Most primocane leaf nutrient concentrations were within the range recommended for blackberry. However, leaf nitrogen (N) was low in 'Black Diamond', especially when grown without weed control, whereas leaf boron (B) was low in all treatments. In many cases, leaf nutrient concentrations were affected by cultivar and weed management in both the primocanes and the floricanes. The concentration of several nutrients in the fruit differed between cultivars, including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), B, and zinc (Zn), but only fruit Ca was affected by weed management and only in 'Marion'. In this case, fruit Ca was higher when the cultivar was grown with weed mat than with hand-weeding or no weeding. Total biomass production of primocanes increased from an average of 0.3 t-ha(-1) dry weight (DW) during the first year after planting to 2.0 t.ha(-1) DW the next year. Plants were first cropped the third year after planting and gained an additional 3.3 t.ha(-1) DW in total aboveground biomass (primocanes, floricanes, and fruit) by the end of the third season. Fruit DW averaged 1.4 t.ha(-1) in non-weeded plots, 1.9 t.ha(-1) in hand-weeded plots, and 2.3 t.ha(-1) in weed mat plots. Biomass of senesced floricanes (removed after harvest) averaged 3.2 t-ha(-1) DW and was similar between cultivars and among the weed management treatments. 'Marion' primocanes accumulated a higher content of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Mg, S, iron (Fe), B, copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al) than in 'Black Diamond'. Weeds, however, reduced nutrient accumulation in the primocanes in both cultivars, and accumulation of nutrients was greater in the floricanes than in the previous year's primocanes. Total nutrient content declined from June to August in the floricanes, primarily through fruit removal at harvest and senescence of the floricanes after harvest. Depending on the cultivar and weed management strategy, nutrient loss from the fruit and floricanes averaged 34 to 79 kg.ha(-1) of N, 5 to 12 kg.ha(-1) of P, 36 to 84 kg.ha(-1) of K, 23 to 61 kg.ha(-1) of Ca, 5 to 15 kg.ha(-1) of Mg, 2 to 5 kg.ha(-1) of S, 380 to 810 g.ha(-1) of Fe, 70 to 300 g.ha(-1) of B, 15 to 36 g.ha(-1) of Cu, 610 to 1350 g-ha(-1) of manganese (Mn), 10 to 260 g-ha(-1) of Zn, and 410 to 950 g-ha(-1) of Al. Overall, plants generally accumulated (and lost) the most biomass and nutrients with weed mat and the least with no weed control. C1 [Harkins, Renee H.; Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crop Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu FU NIFA-OREI [2010-01940, ORE00409]; Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX We thank Gil Buller and Emily Vollmer for technical assistance and acknowledge financial support from NIFA-OREI (2010-01940; ORE00409), the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, and our industry contributors. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 290PU UT WOS:000329771600006 ER PT J AU Kunta, M da Graca, JV Malik, NSA Louzada, ES Setamou, M AF Kunta, Madhurababu da Graca, John V. Malik, Nasir S. A. Louzada, Eliezer S. Setamou, Mamoudou TI Quantitative Distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in the Aerial Parts of the Huanglongbing-infected Citrus Trees in Texas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grapefruit; Huanglongbing; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; sweet orange ID REAL-TIME PCR; GREENING DISEASE; 1ST REPORT; PLANTS; QUANTIFICATION; AMERICANUS; BACTERIUM AB The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, one of the known vectors for citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogens, has been present in Texas for over a decade, but the detection of the disease is recent. HLB has been confirmed in only two adjacent commercial citrus groves of grapefruit and sweet orange. A study was conducted to compare the population of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) cells in different plant parts including peduncle, columella, leaves, seeds, young shoots, flower buds, flowers, and bark of 6-year-old known infected grapefruit and sweet orange trees. The bacterial population was estimated using a previously described grand universal regression equation Y = 13.82 - 0.2866X, where Y is the log of the target copy number and Xis the Ct (threshold cycle) of the assay. Except for bark tissue, there was no significant difference in the concentration of CLas cells in other plant parts between the two cultivars. Within the cultivar, the bacterial concentration also varied with the plant part, with peduncle, columella, midrib having significantly higher titer of CLas compared with other plant parts. The obtained results here are in agreement with previous studies conducted on Florida samples, but the consistently lowest bacterial titer recorded in young shoots, leaf blade, and especially leaf margins relative to the midrib has never been previously reported. C1 [Kunta, Madhurababu; da Graca, John V.; Louzada, Eliezer S.; Setamou, Mamoudou] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78599 USA. [Malik, Nasir S. A.] USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kunta, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, 312 N Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78599 USA. EM madhura.kunta@tamuk.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 290PU UT WOS:000329771600011 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Ling, KS Adkins, S Webster, CG Turechek, WW AF Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Ling, Kai-Shu Adkins, Scott Webster, Craig G. Turechek, William W. TI Phytophthora Fruit Rot-resistant Watermelon Germplasm Lines USVL489-PFR, USVL782-PFR, USVL203-PFR, and USVL020-PFR SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Citrullus; egusi; oomycete; Phytophthora capsici; Phytophthora fruit rot; resistance ID VEGETABLE CROPS; CAPSICI C1 [Kousik, Chandrasekar S.; Ling, Kai-Shu] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Adkins, Scott; Webster, Craig G.; Turechek, William W.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Kousik, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM shaker.kousik@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 290PU UT WOS:000329771600018 ER PT J AU Jarret, RL Bolton, J Perkins, LB AF Jarret, Robert L. Bolton, Jason Perkins, L. Brian TI 509-45-1, a Capsicum annuum Pepper Germplasm Containing High Concentrations of Capsinoids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE capsiate; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl (E)-8-methyl-6-nonenoate; CAS No. 205687-01-0; dihydrocapsiate; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate; CAS No. 205687-03-2 ID CH-19 SWEET; FRUITS; CAPSIATE; ANALOGS C1 [Jarret, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, PGRU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Bolton, Jason; Perkins, L. Brian] Univ Maine, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Jarret, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PGRU, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM bob.jarret@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 290PU UT WOS:000329771600020 ER PT J AU Hruby, A O'Donnell, CJ Jacques, PF Meigs, JB Hoffmann, U McKeown, NM AF Hruby, Adela O'Donnell, Christopher J. Jacques, Paul F. Meigs, James B. Hoffmann, Udo McKeown, Nicola M. TI Magnesium Intake Is Inversely Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification SO JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING LA English DT Article DE abdominal aortic calcification; computed tomography; coronary artery calcification; diet; Framingham Heart Study; magnesium ID DIETARY MAGNESIUM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; RISK-FACTORS; HEART; CALCIUM; SERUM; CONSUMPTION; MORTALITY; INSULIN AB OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine whether magnesium intake is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). BACKGROUND Animal and cell studies suggest that magnesium may prevent calcification within atherosclerotic plaques underlying cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the association of magnesium intake and atherosclerotic calcification in humans. METHODS We examined cross-sectional associations of self-reported total (dietary and supplemental) magnesium intake estimated by food frequency questionnaire with CAC and AAC in participants of the Framingham Heart Study who were free of cardiovascular disease and underwent Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) of the heart and abdomen (n = 2,695; age: 53 11 years), using multivariate-adjusted Tobit regression. CAC and AAC were quantified using modified Agatston scores (AS). Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, total-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, use of hormone replacement therapy (women only), menopausal status (women only), treatment for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease prevention, or diabetes, as well as self-reported intake of calcium, vitamins D and K, saturated fat, fiber, alcohol, and energy. Secondary analyses included logistic regressions of CAC and AAC outcomes as cut-points (AS >0 and AS >= 90th percentile for age and sex), as well as sex-stratified analyses. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, a 50-mg/day increment in self-reported total magnesium intake was associated with 22% lower CAC (p < 0.001) and 12% lower AAC (p = 0.07). Consistent with these observations, the odds of having any CAC were 58% lower (p trend: <0.001) and any AAC were 34% lower (p trend: 0.01), in those with the highest compared to those with the lowest magnesium intake. Stronger inverse associations were observed in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling participants free of cardiovascular disease, self-reported magnesium intake was inversely associated with arterial calcification, which may play a contributing role in magnesium's protective associations in stroke and fatal coronary heart disease. (C) 2014 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation C1 [Hruby, Adela; Jacques, Paul F.; McKeown, Nicola M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, Div Intramural Res, Framingham, MA USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBIs Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Meigs, James B.; Hoffmann, Udo] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hoffmann, Udo] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hoffmann, Udo] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nicola.mckeown@tufts.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study [N01-HC-25195]; American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-1950-0-014]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [K24 DK080140] FX From the *Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; dagger National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Intramural Research, and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; double dagger Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; (General Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and the Massachusetts General Hospital Cardiac MR PET CT Program and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. At the time of writing, Dr. Hruby was supported by an American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship. This work was also supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (contract no. N01-HC-25195) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA agreement no. 58-1950-0-014). Dr. Jacques has been a member of the Bay State Milling Nutrition Science Advisory Council and of the Dannon Yogurt Advisory Board. Dr. Meigs is supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (K24 DK080140). All authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1936-878X EI 1876-7591 J9 JACC-CARDIOVASC IMAG JI JACC-Cardiovasc. Imag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.10.006 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 293EF UT WOS:000329953500009 PM 24290571 ER PT J AU de Freitas, ST McElrone, AJ Shackel, KA Mitcham, EJ AF de Freitas, Sergio Tonetto McElrone, Andrew J. Shackel, Kenneth A. Mitcham, Elizabeth J. TI Calcium partitioning and allocation and blossom-end rot development in tomato plants in response to whole-plant and fruit-specific abscisic acid treatments SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ABA; apoplast; blossom-end rot; leakage; membrane; xylem sap ID DEVELOPING APPLE FRUITS; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; HEAT PULSE METHOD; XYLEM SAP; RICINUS-COMMUNIS; STOMATAL CLOSURE; WATER RELATIONS; GRAPE BERRY; ACCUMULATION; FLOW AB The mechanisms regulating Ca-2 partitioning and allocation in plants and fruit remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to determine Ca-2 partitioning and allocation in tomato plants and fruit in response to whole-plant and fruit-specific abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, as well as to analyse the effect of changes in Ca-2 partitioning and allocation on fruit susceptibility to the Ca-2 deficiency disorder blossom-end rot (BER) under water stress conditions. Tomato plants of the cultivar Ace 55 (Vf) were grown in a greenhouse and exposed to low Ca-2 conditions during fruit growth and development. Starting 1 day after pollination (DAP), the following treatments were initiated: (i) whole plants were sprayed weekly with deionized water (control) or (ii) with 500mg l(1) ABA; or fruit on each plant were dipped weekly (iii) in deionized water (control) or (iv) in 500mg l(1) ABA. At 15 DAP, BER was completely prevented by whole-plant or fruit-specific ABA treatments, whereas plants or fruit treated with water had 1619% BER incidence. At 30 DAP, BER was prevented by the whole-plant ABA treatment, whereas fruit dipped in ABA had a 16% and water-treated plants or fruit had a 3640% incidence of BER. The results showed that spraying the whole plant with ABA increases xylem sap flow and Ca-2 movement into the fruit, resulting in higher fruit tissue and water-soluble apoplastic Ca-2 concentrations that prevent BER development. Although fruit-specific ABA treatment had no effect on xylem sap flow rates or Ca-2 movement into the fruit, it increased fruit tissue water-soluble apoplastic Ca-2 concentrations and reduced fruit susceptibility to BER to a lesser extent. C1 [de Freitas, Sergio Tonetto] Embrapa Semiarido, Brazilian Agr Res Corp, BR-56302970 Petrolina, PE, Brazil. [McElrone, Andrew J.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Shackel, Kenneth A.; Mitcham, Elizabeth J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP de Freitas, ST (reprint author), Embrapa Semiarido, Brazilian Agr Res Corp, BR-56302970 Petrolina, PE, Brazil. EM sergio.freitas@embrapa.br FU Valent BioSciences FX We would like to thank Dr Peter M Hirst at Purdue University for the loan of the dendrometers for fruit growth analysis. We acknowledge the funding from Valent BioSciences for partial support of these studies. We also would like to thank the PMS Instrument Company (Albany, OR, USA) for building the custom-made pressure chamber used in the study. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 65 IS 1 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1093/jxb/ert364 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 291YE UT WOS:000329868000019 ER PT J AU Mann, C Absher, JD AF Mann, Carsten Absher, James D. TI Adjusting policy to institutional, cultural and biophysical context conditions: The case of conservation banking in California SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Conservation banking; Offsetting; Social-ecological fit; Institutional interplay; Institutional policy analysis; Policy design ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE; PERSPECTIVE; INSTRUMENTS; FRAMEWORK; PANACEAS; PROGRAMS; SCIENCE; DESIGN AB This paper examines the political construction of a policy instrument for matching particular institutional, biophysical and cultural context conditions in a social-ecological system, using the case of conservation banking in California as an example. The guiding research question is: How is policy design negotiated between various actors on its way from early formulation of ideas and principles to an accepted policy solution on a state or national level? The underlying assumption is that in order for a policy instrument to be implemented, it has to be adjusted to various context conditions. That is, it has to become accepted by affected actors associated with the institutional framework, and it has to gain local validity for implementation by actors related to a particular ecological and cultural context. We assume that ideas about policy adjustments are not only functionalistic questions determined for example by the materiality of the resource it governs, but are constructed and politically negotiated because these ideas may differ among the mental models of the associated actors. These actors are stakeholders affiliated with the policy process, i.e. authorities, public and private organizations, interest groups, firms or think tanks dealing with, or being shaped by, the policy at different stages of its development. As a result certain context conditions and related concerns such as institutional interplay or match to ecological particularities become inscribed in policy design as an outcome of power struggles, values, and interests. These in turn may vary at different stages of policy development and implementation. Each time the instrument is transferred in a new setting it is likely that the incipient policy design may be opened-up and begin a mutual adjustment process among the newly concerned actors. Thus, such policy developments are not immutable but are dynamic. in this paper, the creation of fit for policies on conservation banking to the issue of species protection in the State of California and later to the U.S. environmental governance domain, are analyzed to understand the instrument's emergence and development toward an established policy solution. The focus is on the negotiation processes among the enrolled actors and their strategies for matching the instrument to certain institutional, cultural and ecological context conditions on different scales. Changes in policy design, its underlying influences, actors' interests, conflicts and perceived effects are identified, respectively. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mann, Carsten] Tech Univ Berlin, Innovat Governance Res Grp, Secretariat FH9 1, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Absher, James D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Mann, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Innovat Governance Res Grp, Secretariat FH9 1, Fraunhoferstr 33-36, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM carsten.mann@tu-berlin.de NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 EI 1873-5754 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.08.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 292DC UT WOS:000329881400007 ER PT J AU Ma, Z Butler, BJ Catanzaro, PF Greene, JL Hewes, JH Kilgore, MA Kittredge, DB Tyrrell, M AF Ma, Zhao Butler, Brett J. Catanzaro, Paul F. Greene, John L. Hewes, Jaketon H. Kilgore, Michael A. Kittredge, David B. Tyrrell, Mary TI The effectiveness of state preferential property tax programs in conserving forests: Comparisons, measurements, and challenges SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Non-industrial private forest; Family forest; Forest taxation; Policy evaluation; Segmentation approach; Development pressure ID PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY; FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMS; UNITED-STATES; PRIVATE FORESTS; PARCELIZATION; OWNERS; LAND AB Forest property taxes have been identified as one of the major driving forces behind forest loss and parcelization. Among various policy alternatives for reducing the burden of forest property taxes on landowners, preferential property tax programs have been widely used across states. Existing research has mostly focused on individual property tax programs, particularly those based on current use valuation, while little has been done to document, analyze and compare programs across states. By examining survey data from state preferential property tax program administrators across the United States, this paper describes the commonalities and differences among states regarding their preferential property tax programs, provides a preliminary understanding of the relationship between state preferential property tax policy and trends in private forest conditions, and identifies issues related to the effectiveness of state preferential property tax programs and private forest land management and conservation. Our analysis revealed three fundamental disconnects: (1) Program attributes that were previously considered to be important for preferential property tax programs to be effective in retaining forest land and fostering management did not consistently correlate with program effectiveness as viewed by the administrators of these programs; (2) These program attributes did not consistently correlate with actual program effectiveness as measured at the state level by forest trend indicators used in this study (i.e., change in private forest land cover, change in average size of private forest holdings, extent to which private forest land is being actively managed); and (3) The self-assessed program effectiveness did not consistently correlate with actual program effectiveness, either. The various ways in which the effectiveness of preferential property tax programs is defined and measured contribute to explaining these disconnects. It is particularly important for researchers and policy makers to be explicit about how they define and measure effectiveness and the scale on which they conduct their analysis before assessing and comparing programs or suggesting improvement strategies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Zhao] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Catanzaro, Paul F.; Kittredge, David B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Greene, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hewes, Jaketon H.] Univ Massachusetts, Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kilgore, Michael A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tyrrell, Mary] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zhaoma@purdue.edu; bbutler01@fs.fed.us; cat@umext.umass.edu; jgreene01@fs.fed.us; jhewes@eco.umass.edu; mkilgore@umn.edu; dbk@eco.umass.edu; mary.tyrrell@yale.edu RI Ma, Zhao/M-7657-2013 OI Ma, Zhao/0000-0002-9103-3996 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 EI 1873-5754 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.09.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 292DC UT WOS:000329881400048 ER PT J AU Jirsa, D Davis, DA Barrows, FT Roy, LA Drawbridge, M AF Jirsa, Dave Davis, D. Allen Barrows, Frederic T. Roy, Luke A. Drawbridge, Mark TI Response of White Seabass to Practical Diets with Varying Levels of Protein SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DIGESTIBLE PROTEIN; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWTH AB Interest in the commercial culture of White Seabass Atractoscion nobilis on the western coast of the United States has been increasing in recent years. Despite this interest, there is a scarcity of knowledge on the dietary requirements of this species, particularly as it relates to basic nutrient requirements and selection of feeds. Hence, we evaluated a wide range of protein levels (31, 34, 37, 40, 43, and 46%) with practical lipid levels (5.75, 7, 8.25, 9.5, 10.75, and 12%) to initiate the development of a species-specific commercial diet for White Seabass. A 56-d trial was conducted in a recirculating system at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute's marine fish hatchery in Carlsbad, California. Diets were formulated to contain 20-30% fish meal and offered to juvenile White Seabass (3.6g mean initial weight). At the conclusion of the growth trial final weights ranged from 13.9 to 15.9g, and percent weight gain ranged from 278.2% to 345.6% and generally increased with protein level. Protein retention ranged from 25.2% to 33.7% and was significantly lower for fish offered the diets containing 43% and 46% protein. Based on growth and protein retention, the use of a diet incorporating 40% protein and 10% lipid is recommended for juvenile White Seabass. Received March 11, 2013; accepted August 17, 2013 C1 [Jirsa, Dave; Drawbridge, Mark] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Davis, D. Allen; Roy, Luke A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Jirsa, D (reprint author), Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, 2595 Ingraham St, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM djirsa@hswri.org FU United Soybean Board, Soy in Aquaculture Program [SB9463]; Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program FX The authors thank Jose Velazquez, Andrea Marino, Karla Aguero, and the staff at HSWRI's marine fish hatchery. The authors also extend their thanks to those who have taken the time to critically review this manuscript. This research was funded in part by the United Soybean Board, Soy in Aquaculture Program (Grant SB9463) with matching support from the Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.837125 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 294CS UT WOS:000330020600004 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Robinson, EH Bosworth, BG Oberle, DF Lucas, PM AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Bosworth, Brian G. Oberle, Daniel F. Lucas, Penelope M. TI Optimizing Soybean Meal Levels in Alternative Diets for Pond-Raised Hybrid Catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CORN GLUTEN FEED; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; COTTONSEED MEAL; SOLUBLES; GROWTH; REPLACE AB We evaluated decreasing soybean meal levels by the use of a combination of cottonseed meal and corn germ meal for pond-raised hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatusxBlue Catfish I. furcatus). Five 28% protein diets containing 40, 30, 25, 20, 15% of soybean meal were formulated based on digestible nutrients and energy to meet or exceed all known nutrient requirements of Channel Catfish. Fingerling hybrid catfish with a mean initial weight of 25.1g/fish were stocked into 25, earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a rate of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation over a 184-d growing season. Reducing soybean meal levels from 40% to 15% in the diet by the use of a combination of cottonseed meal and corn germ meal did not significantly affect total amount of diet fed, gross yield, weight gain, and survival of hybrid catfish by ANOVA or regression analyses. However, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in fish fed diets containing 30% soybean meal than those fed the control diet (40% soybean meal) and feed conversion ratio increased linearly as soybean meal levels decreased. Hybrid catfish fed diets containing 20% and 15% soybean meal had significantly lower carcass yield than fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the diet containing 15% soybean meal also had significantly lower fillet yield. Regression analyses show that both carcass and fillet yields decreased linearly with decreasing soybean meal levels in the diet. No significant differences were observed for fillet protein, fat, and moisture levels among fish fed the diets containing various levels of soybean meal. A 28% protein diet containing 25% soybean meal appears to support maximum growth of hybrid catfish without marked impact on feed conversion ratio and processed yield. Received August 1, 2013; accepted October 7, 2013 C1 [Li, Menghe H.; Robinson, Edwin H.; Oberle, Daniel F.; Lucas, Penelope M.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bosworth, Brian G.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Warmwater Aquaculture Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu FU [MIS-371590] FX The authors thank Billy Rutland, Lee McIntire, and staff at the pond facility of the National Warmwater Aquaculture Center for assistance in routine management of the study and Sandra Phillips and Cliff Smith for their assistance with feeding and proximate analysis of diet and tissue samples. This manuscript is approved for publication as Journal Article J-12385 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. The project was supported under Project MIS-371590. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.855284 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 294CS UT WOS:000330020600010 ER PT J AU Brown, TW Tucker, CS AF Brown, Travis W. Tucker, Craig S. TI Pumping Performance of a Modified Commercial Paddlewheel Aerator for Split-Pond Aquaculture Systems SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB The split-pond aquaculture system consists of a small fish holding basin that is connected to a waste treatment lagoon by two conduits. Split ponds require large water volumes circulated between the two basins (10,000-20,000 gal/min for 5-10-acre ponds) to remove fish waste and provide oxygenated water to the fish. Farmers producing ictalurid catfish in the USA have rapidly adopted this new technology to improve production efficiency. The original split-pond design used large, slow-rotating paddlewheels to circulate water; in this study, we evaluated paddlewheel aerators as pumps for split ponds. Pumping performance was evaluated at rotational speeds of 25-66 rotations/min and paddle submergence depths of 4.0, 6.8, and 9.5 in. Water flow rates ranged from 8,240 to 25,069 gal/min. Flows increased with increasing rotational speed and paddle submergence depth. Power input varied directly with flow rate and ranged from 1.08 to 8.28 hp. Water discharge per unit power input (i.e., pumping efficiency) ranged from 3,026 to 10,824 galmin(-1)hp(-1); pumping efficiency decreased as water flow rate increased and as paddle submergence depth decreased. Placement of the paddlewheel at the channel inlet (with water being pushed through the channel) produced flow rates three times greater than placement at the outlet (with water being pulled through the channel). Our results show that commercial paddlewheel aerators can be modified, operated, and located to provide the water flows needed in commercial-sized split ponds. Although they are more expensive to operate than slow-rotating paddlewheels (which are specifically designed as water pumps), paddlewheel aerators offer the advantages of lower investment cost, greater availability, and easy maintenance. Long-term studies are underway to compare operational issues and costs associated with the use of various pump types, including paddlewheel aerators, in split-pond aquaculture. Received August 2, 2013; accepted October 18, 2013 C1 [Brown, Travis W.; Tucker, Craig S.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Tucker, CS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM craig.tucker@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.860067 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 294CS UT WOS:000330020600012 ER PT J AU Tovar-Mendez, A Miernyk, JA Hoyos, E Randall, DD AF Tovar-Mendez, Alejandro Miernyk, Jan A. Hoyos, Elizabeth Randall, Douglas D. TI A functional genomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana PP2C clade D SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE Confocal microscopy; Data mining; GFP fusions; Localization; Transcript profiling ID PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C; PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE-PHOSPHATASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; LOCALIZATION; PLANTS; STRESS; POLLEN; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION AB In the reference dicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the PP2C family of P-protein phosphatases includes the products of 80 genes that have been separated into ten multi-protein clades plus six singletons. Clade D includes the products of nine genes distributed among three chromosomes (APD1, At3g12620; APD2, At3g17090; APD3, At3g51370; APD4, At3g55050; APD5, At4g33920; APD6, At4g38520; APD7, At5g02760; APD8, At5g06750; and APD9, At5g66080). As part of a functional genomics analysis of protein phosphorylation, we retrieved expression data from public databases and determined the subcellular protein localization of the members of clade D. While the nine proteins have been grouped together based upon primary sequence alignments, we observed no obvious common patterns in expression or localization. We found chimera with the GFP associated with the nucleus, plasma membrane, the endomembrane system, and mitochondria in transgenic plants. C1 [Tovar-Mendez, Alejandro; Miernyk, Jan A.; Hoyos, Elizabeth; Randall, Douglas D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tovar-Mendez, Alejandro; Miernyk, Jan A.; Hoyos, Elizabeth; Randall, Douglas D.] Univ Missouri, Interdisciplary Plant Grp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 102 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Tovar-mendezA@missouri.edu; miernykj@missouri.edu; HoyosM@missouri.edu; RandallD@missouri.edu FU Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station; NSF award [0325656] FX The research described herein was supported by the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and NSF award 0325656. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X EI 1615-6102 J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD JAN PY 2014 VL 251 IS 1 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s00709-013-0526-7 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 293AG UT WOS:000329943200023 PM 23832523 ER PT J AU Bowles, TM Acosta-Martinez, V Calderon, F Jackson, LE AF Bowles, Timothy M. Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Calderon, Francisco Jackson, Louise E. TI Soil enzyme activities, microbial communities, and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil enzyme activities; Soil microbial communities; FAME analysis; Microbial biomass; Organic agriculture; Soil organic matter; Landscape heterogeneity ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOMASS-C; LOW-INPUT; LAND-USE; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; QUALITY; NITRATE; MATTER AB Variability in the activity and composition of soil microbial communities may have important implications for the suite of microbially-derived ecosystem functions upon which agricultural systems rely, particularly organic agriculture. An on-farm approach was used to investigate microbial communities and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability on 13 organically-managed fields growing Roma-type tomatoes, but differing in nutrient management, across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape in the Central Valley of California. Soil physicochemical characteristics, potential activities of nine soil enzymes involved in C, N, phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) cycling, and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were measured during the growing season and evaluated with multivariate approaches. Soil texture and pH in the 0-15 cm surface layer were similar across the 13 fields, but there was a three-fold range of soil C and N as well as substantial variation in inorganic N and available P that reflected current and historical management practices. Redundancy analysis showed distinct profiles of enzyme activities across the fields, such that C-cycling enzyme potential activities increased with inorganic N availability while those of N-cycling enzymes increased with C availability. Although FAMEs suggested that microbial community composition was less variable across fields than enzyme activities, there were slight community differences that were related to organic amendments (manure vs. composted green waste). Overall, however, the general similarity among fields for particular taxonomic indicators, especially saprophytic fungi, likely reflects the high disturbance and low complexity in this landscape. Variation in potential enzyme activities was better accounted for with soil physicochemical characteristics than microbial community composition, suggesting high plasticity of the resident microbial community to environmental conditions. These patterns suggest that, in this landscape, differences in organic agroecosystem management have strongly influenced soil nutrients and enzyme activity, but without a major effect on soil microbial communities. The on-farm approach provided a wide range of farming practices and soil characteristics to reveal how microbially-derived ecosystem functions can be effectively manipulated to enhance nutrient cycling capacity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bowles, Timothy M.; Jackson, Louise E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Calderon, Francisco] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Bowles, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tmbowles@ucdavis.edu; Veronica.Acosta-Martinez@ars.usda.gov; Francisco.Calderon@ars.usda.gov; lejackson@ucdavis.edu FU USDA NIFA Organic Agriculture Research and Education Initiative Award [2009-01415]; UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology Block Grants; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank the eight growers in Yolo Co. for collaborating on this project, allowing us to sample their fields, and providing management information. Andrew Margenot, Felipe Barrios-Masias, Amanda K. Hodson, Cristina Lazcano, and Alia Tsang provided field assistance. Steve Culman provided statistical advice. This research was funded by the USDA NIFA Organic Agriculture Research and Education Initiative Award 2009-01415, the UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology Block Grants, and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to T.M. Bowles. NR 94 TC 60 Z9 75 U1 34 U2 237 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 BP 252 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.004 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 287IU UT WOS:000329536200030 ER PT J AU Strauss, SL Reardon, CL Mazzola, M AF Strauss, S. L. Reardon, C. L. Mazzola, M. TI The response of ammonia-oxidizer activity and community structure to fertilizer amendment of orchard soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Orchards; Agricultural soil; Fertility management; N cycling ID AGRICULTURAL SOIL; SEED MEAL; LAND-USE; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; REPLANT SOILS; ACIDIC SOILS; ARCHAEA; NITROGEN; ABUNDANCE AB Soil microorganisms have a significant role in determining the relative loss and retention of plant available nitrogen (N) and thus relative efficiency in the use of fertility inputs to agricultural production systems. Although the effect of management system on activity of the N-cycling microbial communities has been evaluated in certain annual cropping systems, results have been variable and there have been few studies conducted in perennial crops, such as apple. We examined the effect of organic and mineral fertility inputs to organic and conventional orchard soils on the overall activity, abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. Apple rootstocks were cultivated in orchard soils receiving one of five fertility treatments: Brassica napus seed meal, plant-based compost, urea, urea with plant-based compost, and a no-treatment control. Based on analysis of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were more abundant than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in both untreated conventionally and organically managed orchard soils. However, AOB abundance was significantly different in both organically and conventionally managed soils with fertilizer amendments. The microbial community of the conventional orchard soil appeared to be limited by inorganic N since a response in potential activity to N input was only observed in treatments with urea. In the organic orchard soil, an increase in AOB gene abundance was detected only in response to the urea plus compost fertility treatment. Soil management and fertilizer additions had little effect on AOA gene abundance compared to the no-treatment control. Although composition of the AOB community was similar between the conventional and organically managed soils, AOA communities were significantly different. The different responses of the bacterial and archaeal ammonia-oxidizer communities to organic and conventional management and fertilizer amendments highlight the need for an increased focus in agricultural research to understand and improve the specificity of fertilizer application for orchard production systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Strauss, S. L.; Mazzola, M.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Reardon, C. L.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Adams, OR 97810 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mark.mazzola@ars.usda.gov RI Strauss, Sarah/I-5141-2016 OI Strauss, Sarah/0000-0001-7494-5320 FU USDA CSREES Integrated Organic Grants Program; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We thank Laurie Bazan, Joe St. Claire, Sheila Ivanov, Irene Mendoza, and Xiaowen Zhao for their technical assistance. This work was funded in part through grants to MM from the USDA CSREES Integrated Organic Grants Program and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 10 U2 89 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 BP 410 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.016 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 287IU UT WOS:000329536200048 ER PT J AU Fortier, C Montalvo, J Von Hoven, T Easson, M Rodgers, J Condon, B AF Fortier, Chanel Montalvo, Joseph Von Hoven, Terri Easson, Michael Rodgers, James Condon, Brian TI Preliminary evidence of oxidation in standard oven drying of cotton: attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, colorimetry, and particulate matter formation SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cotton; oxidation; color ID CELLULOSE AB Currently, oven drying in air is often utilized to generate the percentage of moisture in cotton fibers. Karl Fischer Titration, another method for cotton moisture measurement, has been compared to the oven drying method. The percentage of moisture as generated by the oven method tracks those of Karl Fischer Titration, but there are differences between the two. In fact, a bias exists in the measured moisture loss employing the standard oven drying method. In addition, the moisture data collected via Karl Fischer Titration demonstrates smaller variances than those data collected in the oven. The aim of this study is to determine what is causing those differences. In the current report, particulate matter formation and browning of oven-treated cotton samples have been observed, suggesting visible indirect evidence that cotton oxidation may be occurring. It is noteworthy that three types of oxidation processes may be occurring during the current study: heating in air, scouring and bleaching, and periodate-driven processes. The first two oxidative processes yield non-specific products, whereas the periodate-driven oxidative products are well-defined in the literature. Thus, a method was needed to gain direct evidence for this postulated cotton oxidation that may be contributing to the bias in the standard oven drying method used to calculate moisture loss in cotton. Thus, this preliminary study employed Attenuated Total Reflectance/Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to determine if direct evidence for oxidation can be observed for oven-treated cotton samples. C1 [Fortier, Chanel; Montalvo, Joseph; Von Hoven, Terri; Easson, Michael; Rodgers, James; Condon, Brian] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Fortier, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA USA. EM chanel.fortier@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 84 IS 2 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1177/0040517513487785 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 293HJ UT WOS:000329961700004 ER PT J AU Cui, XL Cai, YY Rodgers, J Martin, V Watson, M AF Cui, Xiaoliang Cai, Yiyun Rodgers, James Martin, Vikki Watson, Mike TI An investigation into the intra-sample variation in the color of cotton using image analysis SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cotton; quality; measurement; color distribution; image analysis AB The colorimeter method is widely used to identify the color and grade of a cotton sample, but this method does not give information about the variation of color within the sample. We have conducted an investigation using an image analysis method to study the intra-sample distribution and variation in cotton color. High-resolution color images of cotton samples were obtained using a color scanner. For each image the Rd and +b values of the image and specific sub-areas within it were computed to analyze the color distribution. Intra- and inter-sample variations in Rd and +b values and color grade were compared with those obtained by the HVI system. The results show that for the same cotton substrate, although the variations among the color grades of different samples (replicates) may be very small, intra-sample color variations are evident, the colors of the sub-areas being distributed over a range of areas of the cotton color chart. In other words, cotton samples of the same overall color grade may exhibit different intra-sample color variations and distribution. A description of the intra-sample color variations and distributions obtainable using an image analysis method may allow a more comprehensive evaluation of color characteristics on cotton. C1 [Cui, Xiaoliang; Rodgers, James] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cai, Yiyun] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Martin, Vikki; Watson, Mike] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Cui, XL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM leon.cui@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated FX This work was supported by Cotton Incorporated. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 EI 1746-7748 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 84 IS 2 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1177/0040517513490055 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 293HJ UT WOS:000329961700008 ER PT J AU Ipek, M Ipek, A Simon, PW AF Ipek, Meryem Ipek, Ahmet Simon, Philipp W. TI Testing the utility of matK and ITS DNA regions for discrimination of Allium species SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Allium; barcode DNA; phylogenetic analysis; species differentiation ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; TRNH-PSBA SPACER; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; SUBG. MELANOCROMMYUM; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; BARCODING MARKERS AB Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Allium L. has been mainly based on the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region. In 2009, matK and rbcL were accepted as a 2-locus DNA barcode to classify plant species by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life Plant Working Group. The matK region was chosen as a DNA barcode because of its effective species discrimination power, high quality sequence recovery, and easy experimental procedures. Integration of matK sequences into Allium phylogeny could improve phylogenetic reconstruction of this genus. This study was carried out to test the utility of nucleotide sequences of matK for discrimination of Allium species and to compare topologies of the phylogenetic trees based on matK and ITS analyses. Topologies of the phylogenetic trees based on ITS and matK analyses were very similar but a few accessions were placed into distant phylogenetic groups. Neither ITS nor matK analyses were able to discriminate some closely related Allium species alone. However, we do not suggest the use of a concatenated data approach to increase resolving power of ITS and matK because of the presence of the paralogous sequences and different types of cytoplasm in different accessions of a species. Therefore, we can suggest use of the matK region as an additional tool for phylogenetic analysis in Allium because characterization of the nucleotide sequences of matK region was easier to recover and more cost-effective than those of the ITS region. C1 [Ipek, Meryem; Ipek, Ahmet] Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Bursa, Turkey. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ipek, M (reprint author), Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Bursa, Turkey. EM msipek@uludag.edu.tr NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 30 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-008X EI 1303-6106 J9 TURK J BOT JI Turk. J. Bot. PY 2014 VL 38 IS 2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.3906/bot-1308-46 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 292QW UT WOS:000329918200001 ER PT J AU Sheley, R Sheley, J Smith, B AF Sheley, Roger Sheley, Jordan Smith, Brenda TI Cost/Benefit Analysis of Managing Invasive Annual Grasses in Partially Invaded Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystems SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Restoration cost/benefit; grazing; herbicides; invasive annual grasses ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; BROMUS-TECTORUM; MANAGEMENT; PLAINS; HABITAT; CYCLE AB Our objective was to evaluate the cost/benefit of a single herbicide application or targeted grazing of invasive annual grasses during restoration of partially invaded sagebrush steppe ecosystems used for livestock production. The cost/benefit model used is based on estimating the production of vegetation in response to implementing management and modeling cost/benefit economics associated with that prediction. The after-tax present value of added animal unit months (AUMs) obtained was lower than the present value of after-tax treatment costs after 20 yr for a single herbicide treatment, but higher than the present value of after-tax treatment costs for the grazing management scenario. Even at the highest weed utilization level, the value of added AUMs did not offset the cost of the treatment after 20 yr. However, the grazing treatment resulted in a value of added AUMs higher than the costs after 20 yr. Depending on the invasive weed utilization level, break-even points with targeted grazing occurred at anywhere from the first year to 7 yr. This assessment clearly shows that grazing management can be economically viable for managing annual grass-infested rangeland. In the future, models like the one used here can be improved by incorporating the rangeland management and restoration benefits on the wide variety of goods and services gained from rangeland. C1 [Sheley, Roger; Sheley, Jordan; Smith, Brenda] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1614/WS-D-13-00056.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 294HO UT WOS:000330036100006 ER PT J AU Clay, SA Davis, A Dille, A Lindquist, J Ramirez, AHM Sprague, C Reicks, G Forcella, F AF Clay, Sharon A. Davis, Adam Dille, Anita Lindquist, John Ramirez, Analiza H. M. Sprague, Christy Reicks, Graig Forcella, Frank TI Common Sunflower Seedling Emergence across the US Midwest SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abiotic influences on seed dormancy; regional environmental variation; seedling recruitment ID RAGWEED AMBROSIA-TRIFIDA; PREDICTING WEED EMERGENCE; HYDROTHERMAL TIME; GERMINATION RESPONSE; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; TEMPERATURE; DORMANCY; MODEL; WATER AB Predictions of weed emergence can be used by practitioners to schedule POST weed management operations. Common sunflower seed from Kansas was used at six Midwestern U. S. sites to examine the variability that 16 climates had on common sunflower emergence. Nonlinear mixed effects models, using a flexible sigmoidal Weibull function that included thermal time, hydrothermal time, and a modified hydrothermal time (with accumulation starting from January 1 of each year), were developed to describe the emergence data. An iterative method was used to select an optimal base temperature (T-b) and base and ceiling soil matric potentials (psi(b) and psi(c)) that resulted in a best-fit regional model. The most parsimonious model, based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC), resulted when T-b = 4.4 C, and psi(b) = -20000 kPa. Deviations among model fits for individual site years indicated a negative relationship (r = -0.75; P < 0.001) between the duration of seedling emergence and growing degree days (T-b = 10 C) from October (fall planting) to March. Thus, seeds exposed to warmer conditions from fall burial to spring emergence had longer emergence periods. Nomenclature: Common sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. C1 [Clay, Sharon A.; Reicks, Graig] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Davis, Adam] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dille, Anita] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lindquist, John] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ramirez, Analiza H. M.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sprague, Christy] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Forcella, Frank] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Sharon.clay@sdstate.edu NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1614/WS-D-13-00078.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 294HO UT WOS:000330036100009 ER PT J AU Egan, JF Barlow, KM Mortensen, DA AF Egan, J. Franklin Barlow, Kathryn M. Mortensen, David A. TI A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of 2,4-D and Dicamba Drift on Soybean and Cotton SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dose-response curves; Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum; herbicide drift; herbicide-resistant crops; meta-analysis ID GLYCINE-MAX RESPONSE; SIMULATED DRIFT; SPRAY DRIFT; CARRIER VOLUME; WEED MANAGEMENT; VAPOR DRIFT; HERBICIDES; GLYPHOSATE; YIELD; GLUFOSINATE AB Commercial introduction of cultivars of soybean and cotton genetically modified with resistance to the synthetic auxin herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D will allow these compounds to be used with greater flexibility but may expose susceptible soybean and cotton cultivars to nontarget herbicide drift. From past experience, it is well known that soybean and cotton are both highly sensitive to low-dose exposures of dicamba and 2,4-D. In this study, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesize data from over seven decades of simulated drift experiments in which investigators treated soybean and cotton with low doses of dicamba and 2,4-D and measured the resulting yields. These data were used to produce global dose-response curves for each crop and herbicide, with crop yield plotted against herbicide dose. The meta-analysis showed that soybean is more susceptible to dicamba in the flowering stage and relatively tolerant to 2,4-D at all growth stages. Conversely, cotton is tolerant to dicamba but extremely sensitive to 2,4-D, especially in the vegetative and preflowering squaring stages. Both crops are highly variable in their responses to synthetic auxin herbicide exposure, with soil moisture and air temperature at the time of exposure identified as key factors. Visual injury symptoms, especially during vegetative stages, are not predictive of final yield loss. Global dose-response curves generated by this meta-analysis can inform guidelines for herbicide applications and provide producers and agricultural professionals with a benchmark of the mean and range of crop yield loss that can be expected from drift or other nontarget exposures to 2,4-D or dicamba. C1 [Egan, J. Franklin; Barlow, Kathryn M.; Mortensen, David A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Egan, J. Franklin; Barlow, Kathryn M.; Mortensen, David A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Egan, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtain Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Franklin.Egan@ars.usda.gov FU EPA STAR [FP917131012] FX The authors thank Bill Curran for helpful insights on this project and manuscript. They would also like to thank Duy Vu and Wen-Yu Hua at the PSU Statistical Consulting Center for helpful guidance and suggestions on data analysis methods. Kathy Fescemeyer at the PSU Life Sciences Library provided assistance developing literature search and evaluation methods. Gustavo Camargo and Alexander Savelyev provided assistance evaluating articles in Portuguese and Russian. The authors also thank Sarah Goslee, Jason Hill, and Eric Nord for help programming in R. This work was supported through an EPA STAR (FP917131012) fellowship awarded to J. Franklin Egan. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 50 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1614/WS-D-13-00025.1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 294HO UT WOS:000330036100022 ER PT J AU Wu, WH Kasuga, T Nguyen, L Fan, ZL AF Wu, Weihua Kasuga, Takao Lynn Nguyen Fan, Zhiliang TI The effects of each beta-glucosidase gene deletion on cellulase gene regulation in Neurospora crassa (Retraction of vol 105, pg 269, 2014) SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Wu, Weihua; Lynn Nguyen; Fan, Zhiliang] Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kasuga, Takao] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kasuga, Takao] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Wu, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM whwu@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 EI 1572-9699 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD JAN PY 2014 VL 105 IS 1 BP 269 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s10482-013-9972-7 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 284CL UT WOS:000329293600026 ER PT J AU Veum, KS Goyne, KW Kremer, RJ Miles, RJ Sudduth, KA AF Veum, Kristen S. Goyne, Keith W. Kremer, Robert J. Miles, Randall J. Sudduth, Kenneth A. TI Biological indicators of soil quality and soil organic matter characteristics in an agricultural management continuum SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dehydrogenase; Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT); Phenol oxidase; Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); Soil quality; Soil management assessment framework (SMAF); Visible near-infrared reflectance (VNIR) ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SANBORN FIELD; NO-TILLAGE AB Relationships among biological indicators of soil quality and organic matter characteristics were evaluated across a continuum of long-term agricultural practices in Missouri, USA. In addition to chemical and physical soil quality indicators, dehydrogenase and phenol oxidase activity were measured, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra of soil organic matter were collected, and visible, near-infrared reflectance (VNIR) spectra of whole soil were collected. Enzyme activities were positively correlated with several soil quality indicators and labile fractions of soil organic matter (r = 0.58-0.92), and were negatively correlated with DRIFT indices of decomposition stage and recalcitrance (r = -0.62 to -0.76). A comparison of vegetative and land management practices was scored using the soil management assessment framework (SMAF)-a soil quality index. Perennial vegetation (i.e., native prairie, restored prairie, and timothy) plots exhibited the greatest soil quality (SMAF scores 93.6-98.6 out of 100), followed by no-till and conventionally cultivated plots, with wheat outranking corn. Among fertilization practices, soil quality followed the order: manure > inorganic fertilizer > unamended soil. Finally, in the estimation of soil properties, VNIR spectra generally outperformed DRIFT spectra using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multiple, linear regression (MLR). The strongest estimates of dehydrogenase and phenol oxidase activity were found using MLR models of VNIR spectra (R-2 > 0.78, RPD > 2.20). Overall, this study demonstrates the potential utility and versatility of enzymes in modeling and assessing changes in soil organic carbon fractions and soil quality, and emphasizes the benefits of maintaining long-term agricultural experiments. C1 [Veum, Kristen S.; Goyne, Keith W.; Miles, Randall J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Veum, Kristen S.; Kremer, Robert J.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Kristen.Veum@ars.usda.gov; kremerr@missouri.edu FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry [58-6227-1-004, 58-6227-2-008, 58-6227-5-029]; USDA-ARS; U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Missouri FX This work was partially funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements 58-6227-1-004, 58-6227-2-008 and 58-6227-5-029 with the USDA-ARS. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Missouri. We wish to thank Steve Troesser for field assistance, Dr. Russell Dresbach of the University of Missouri Soil Characterization Lab for analytical assistance, Dr. Wei Wycoff of the University of Missouri NMR Facility for assistance with 13C NMR analyses, Scott Drummond of the USDA-ARS for assistance with VNIR data collection and analysis, and Dr. Diane Stott of the USDA-ARS for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 12 U2 84 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2014 VL 117 IS 1 BP 81 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10533-013-9868-7 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 288IW UT WOS:000329606200007 ER PT J AU Boukouvala, S Davies, B Kotseli, B Kontomina, E Garefalaki, V Fakis, G Sim, E Marialigeti, K Glenn, AE AF Boukouvala, Sotiria Davies, Britton Kotseli, Barbara Kontomina, Evanthia Garefalaki, Vasiliki Fakis, Giannoulis Sim, Edith Marialigeti, Karoly Glenn, Anthony E. TI XENOBIOTIC DETOXIFICATION FROM AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: THE ROLES OF MICROBIAL ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASES SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics (ISSX) CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2013 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Boukouvala, Sotiria; Kotseli, Barbara; Kontomina, Evanthia; Garefalaki, Vasiliki; Fakis, Giannoulis] Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Alexandroupolis, Greece. [Davies, Britton; Glenn, Anthony E.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Sim, Edith] Univ Kingston, Fac Sci Engn & Comp, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, Surrey, England. [Marialigeti, Karoly] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Budapest, Hungary. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0360-2532 EI 1097-9883 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 SU 1 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 286DO UT WOS:000329445700245 ER PT J AU Kang, S Running, SW Kimball, JS Fagre, DB Michaelis, A Peterson, DL Halofsky, JE Hong, S AF Kang, Sinkyu Running, Steven W. Kimball, John S. Fagre, Daniel B. Michaelis, Andrew Peterson, David L. Halofsky, Jessica E. Hong, Sukyoung TI Effects of spatial and temporal climatic variability on terrestrial carbon and water fluxes in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Climate change; Climatic variability; Simulations; Evapotranspiration; Vegetation productivity ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; FORESTS; MODIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES AB The Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the conterminous United States is characterized by large variations in climate and topography, and provides an ideal geographic domain for studying interactions between regional climate and vegetation dynamics. We examined vegetation carbon (C) and water dynamics along PNW climate and topographic gradients using a process-based biogeochemical model, BIOME-BGC, the algorithms of which form bases for a fully-prognostic treatment of carbon and nitrogen cycles in Land Community Model (CLM). Simulation experiments were used to (1) analyze spatial and temporal variability of terrestrial carbon (C) stocks and flux, (2) investigate primary climatic variables controlling the variability, and (3) predict effects of future climate projections on vegetation productivity and water flux variables including evapotranspiration and water supply. The model experiments focused on two 18-year (1980-1997 and 2088-2105) simulations using future climate predictions for A2 (+4.2 degrees C, -7% precipitation) and B2 (1.6 degrees C, +11% precipitation) emissions scenarios through year 2100. Our results show large west to east spatial variations in C and water fluxes and C stocks associated with regional topography and distance from coastal areas. Interannual variability of net primary productivity (NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are 57% and 33%, respectively, of the 18-year mean annual fluxes for 1980-1997. The annual NPP and ET are positively correlated with precipitation but inversely proportional to vapor pressure deficit; this suggests that modeled NPP and ET are predominantly water limited in the PNW. The A2 scenario results in higher NPP and ET of 23% and 10%, respectively, and 15% lower water outflow. The 132 scenario results in higher NPP and ET of 12% and 15%, respectively, and 2% lower water outflow, despite projected increases in precipitation. Simulation experiments indicate that most PNW ecosystems are water limited, and that annual water outflow will decrease under both drier (A2) and wetter (B2) scenarios. However, higher elevations with high snowpacks of long duration may buffer the loss of water resources in some areas, even if precipitation is lower. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, Sinkyu] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. [Running, Steven W.; Kimball, John S.; Michaelis, Andrew] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, NTSG, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fagre, Daniel B.] USGS Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT USA. [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Halofsky, Jessica E.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hong, Sukyoung] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Soil & Fertilizer Management Div, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kang, S (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. EM kangsk@kangwon.ac.kr FU U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program; National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ007753052013] FX Research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program and by PJ007753052013, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. This is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 51 BP 228 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.09.020 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287RY UT WOS:000329561100021 ER PT J AU Augustaitis, A Bytnerowicz, A Paoletti, E AF Augustaitis, Algirdas Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Paoletti, Elena TI Biological reactions of forests to climate change and air pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CROWN DEFOLIATION; TREES C1 [Augustaitis, Algirdas] Aleksandras Stulginskis Univ, Kaunas Distr, Lithuania. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Paoletti, Elena] IPP CNR, I-50019 Florence, Italy. RP Augustaitis, A (reprint author), Aleksandras Stulginskis Univ, Studentu 13, Kaunas Distr, Lithuania. EM algirdas.augustaitis@asu.lt RI Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 184 SI SI BP 657 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.004 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285TZ UT WOS:000329419200083 PM 24074544 ER PT J AU Grantz, DA Burkey, KO Jackson, WA Vu, HB McGrath, MT Harvey, G AF Grantz, D. A. Burkey, K. O. Jackson, W. A. Vu, H. -B. McGrath, M. T. Harvey, G. TI Perchlorate content of plant foliage reflects a wide range of species-dependent accumulation but not ozone-induced biosynthesis SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ClO4-; Perchlorate; Gas exchange; Air pollution; Oxidants; Crop contamination; Ozone; O-3 ID UNITED-STATES; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; LETTUCE; IDENTIFICATION; FERTILIZERS; OXIDATION; CHLORINE; NITRATE; ORIGIN AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) interferes with uptake of iodide in humans. Emission inventories do not explain observed distributions. Ozone (03) is implicated in the natural origin of ClO4-, and has increased since preindustrial times. O-3 produces ClO4- in vitro from Cl-, and plant tissues contain Cl- and redox reactions. We hypothesize that O-3 exposure may induce plant synthesis of ClO4-. We exposed contrasting crop species to environmentally relevant O-3 concentrations. In the absence of O-3 exposure, species exhibited a large range of ClO4- accumulation but there was no relationship between leaf ClO4- and O-3, whether expressed as exposure or cumulative flux (dose). Older, senescing leaves accumulated more ClO4- than younger leaves. O-3 exposed vegetation is not a source of environmental ClO4-. There was evidence of enhanced ClO4- content in the soil surface at the highest O-3 exposure, which could be a significant contributor to environmental ClO4-. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Keamey Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Burkey, K. O.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Jackson, W. A.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [McGrath, M. T.] Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY USA. [Harvey, G.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grantz, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Keamey Agr Ctr, 9240 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dagrantz@ucanr.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 184 SI SI BP 690 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.048 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285TZ UT WOS:000329419200088 PM 23642565 ER PT J AU Gomez, JD Denef, K Stewart, CE Zheng, J Cotrufo, MF AF Gomez, J. D. Denef, K. Stewart, C. E. Zheng, J. Cotrufo, M. F. TI Biochar addition rate influences soil microbial abundance and activity in temperate soils SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; BLACK CARBON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; CHARCOAL; SORPTION AB Biochar (BC) amendment to soils is a proposed strategy to improve soil fertility and mitigate climate change. However, before this can become a recommended management practice, a better understanding of the impacts of BC on the soil biota is needed. We determined the effect of addition rates (0, 1, 5, 10 and 20% by mass) of a fast-pyrolysis wood-derived BC on the extraction efficiency (EE), abundance and temporal dynamics of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs, microbial community biomarkers) in four temperate soils during a 1-year incubation. Additionally, the effects on microbial mineralization/incorporation of BC-C were determined by measuring CO2 efflux and the BC contribution to CO2 and PLFA-C using the natural C-13 abundance difference between BC and soils. Biochar addition proportionally increased microbial abundance in all soils and altered the community composition, particularly at the greatest addition rate, towards a more gram-negative bacteria-dominated (relative to fungi and gram-positive) community. Though chemically recalcitrant, the BC served as a substrate for microbial activity, more so at large addition rates and in soil with little organic matter. Microbial utilization of BC-C for growth could only partially explain the observed increase in microbial biomass, suggesting that other, potentially abiotic, mechanisms were involved. The strong decrease in PLFA EE (-77%) in all soils with biochar addition emphasizes the need to measure and correct for EE when using PLFA biomarkers to estimate soil microbial responses to BC additions. Overall, our study provides support for BC use as a soil amendment that potentially stimulates microbial activity and growth. C1 [Gomez, J. D.; Denef, K.; Stewart, C. E.; Cotrufo, M. F.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gomez, J. D.] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Soil Dept, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Stewart, C. E.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zheng, J.] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dry Land Farming Loess, Yangling S, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Cotrufo, M. F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gomez, JD (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Suelos, Km 38-5 Carretera Mexico Texcoco, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. EM dgomez@correo.chapingo.mx RI Cotrufo, M. Francesca/C-1614-2013; OI Cotrufo, M. Francesca/0000-0002-6191-8953; Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Mexico); State of Colorado Department of Agriculture ACRE [277777]; Cotrufo-Hoppes fund for soil ecology research; COST Action [TD1107] FX The authors thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Mexico) for providing a fellowship to the first author for a sabbatical stay in Colorado State University. The authors also want to thank the EcoCore (http://ecocore.nrel.colostate.edu/) facility and USDA-ARS facilities where the experiment was conducted. This project was supported by the State of Colorado Department of Agriculture ACRE contract N. 277777, and the Cotrufo-Hoppes fund for soil ecology research. The COST Action TD1107 'Biochar as Option of Sustainable Resource Management' provided the funds for printing Figure 2 in colour. NR 40 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 13 U2 155 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1351-0754 EI 1365-2389 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 65 IS 1 SI SI BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1111/ejss.12097 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 285YB UT WOS:000329429800006 ER PT J AU Sequeira, CH Wills, SA Seybold, CA West, LT AF Sequeira, Cleiton H. Wills, Skye A. Seybold, Cathy A. West, Larry T. TI Predicting soil bulk density for incomplete databases SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Bulk density; Pedotranfer functions; Random forest; Pedon description ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NO-TILL; ACCURACY; QUALITY AB Soil bulk density (rho(b)) is important because of its direct effect on soil properties (e.g., porosity, soil moisture availability) and crop yield. Additionally, rho(b) measurements are needed to express soil organic carbon (SOC) and other nutrient stocks on an area basis (kg ha(-1)). However, rho(b) measurements are commonly missing from databases for reasons that include omission due to sampling constraints and laboratory mishandling. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of novel pedotransfer functions (PTFs) in predicting rho(b) as a function of textural class and basic pedon description information extracted from the horizon of interest (the horizon for which rho(b) is being predicted), and rho(b), textural class, and basic pedon description information extracted from horizons above or below and directly adjacent or not adjacent to the horizon of interest. A total of 2,680 pedons (20,045 horizons) were gathered from the USDA-NRCS National Soil Survey Center characterization database. Twelve rho(b) PTFs were developed by combining PTF types, database configurations, and horizon limiting depths. Different PTF types were created considering the direction of prediction in the soil profile: upward and downward prediction models. Multiple database configurations were used to mimic different scenarios of horizons missing rho(b) values: random missing (e.g., rho(b) sample lost in transit) and patterned or systematic missing (e.g., no rho(b) samples collected for horizons > 30 cm depth). For each database configuration scenario, upward and downward models were developed separately. Three limiting depths (20, 30, and 50 cm) were tested to identify any threshold depth between upward and downward models. For both PTF types, validation results indicated that models derived from the database configuration mimicking random horizons missing rho(b) performed better than those derived from the configuration mimicking clear patterns of missing rho(b) measurements. All 12 PTFs performed well (RMSPE: 0.10-0.15 g cm(-3)). The threshold depth of 50 cm most successfiffly split the database between upward and downward models. For all PTFs, the rho(b) of other horizons in the soil profile was the most important variable in predicting rho(b). The proposed PTFs provide reasonably accurate rho(b) predictions, and have the potential to help researchers and other users to fill gaps in their database without complicated data acquisition. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sequeira, Cleiton H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sequeira, Cleiton H.; Wills, Skye A.; Seybold, Cathy A.; West, Larry T.] USDA, NRCS Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Sequeira, CH (reprint author), USDA, NRCS Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall North,Room 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM csequeira2@unl.edu; slcye.wills@lin.usda.gov; cathy.seybold@lin.usda.gov; larry.west@lin.usda.gov FU USDA-NRCS FX This research was sponsored by the USDA-NRCS. The authors would like to thank all staff of the National Soil Survey Center for sampling, analyzing, and managing the data used in this research. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN PY 2014 VL 213 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.07.013 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 288EM UT WOS:000329594800008 ER PT J AU Libohova, Z Wills, S Odgers, NP Ferguson, R Nesser, R Thompson, JA West, LT Hempel, JW AF Libohova, Zamir Wills, Skye Odgers, Nathan P. Ferguson, Richard Nesser, Rick Thompson, James A. West, Larry T. Hempel, Jonathan W. TI Converting pH 1:1 H2O and 1:2(CaCl2), to 1:5 H2O to contribute to a harmonized global soil database SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil pH; Pedotransfer functions; GlobalSoilMap ID CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; WATER; VERTISOLS; MODELS; RANGE AB The GlobalSoilMap initiative calls for the generation of continuous maps for soil properties, including pH in a 1:5 suspension of soil in water (pH 1:5(w)) based on a standard method, ISO 10390. The United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) employs a 1:1 suspension of soil in water (pH 1:1(w)), and a 1:2 suspension of soil in (CaCl2), (0.01 M) (pH 1:2(CaCl2)) for routine pH analysis (Soil Survey Staff, 2009). The objective of this study was to determine the most efficient way to convert these pH values to the GlobalSoilMap standard. For this analysis, 563 soil samples from the USDA-NRCS-National Soil Survey Center (NSSC) soil archive, which had been previously analysed for pH 1:1(w) and pH 1:2(CaCl2), were selected for determination of pH 1:5(w), pH 1:5(CaCl2) and electrical conductivity (EC) in 1:2 suspension of soil in water (EC 1:2(w)). The samples represented 11 soil orders, 8 mineralogy classes, 5 family particle size classes, 4 genetic master horizons, and 7 depth intervals. For each category, 25-30 samples were selected to represent a comprehensive pH range. Regression analysis showed strong and significant relationships (R-2 > 0.92) between pH methods across all categories. The simple linear regression equation, pH 1:5(w) = -0.51 + 1.06 pH 1:1(w), had an RMSE = 0.44 pH units. Smoothing spline, did not significantly improve pH 1:5(w) predictions, nor did the incorporation of EC. Genetic horizons and soil depth intervals did not have a significant effect on pH 1:5(w). The linear regression models for predicting pH 1:5(w) using pH 1:1(w) or pH 1:2(CaCl2) as predictors emerged as the best candidates for a standard pedotransfer function. Using pedotransfer functions such as these will allow for the simple conversion of existing measured and estimated pH 1:1(w) or pH 1:2(CaCl2) values from NRCS databases to the GlobalSoilMap standard of pH 1:5(w). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Libohova, Zamir; Wills, Skye; Ferguson, Richard; Nesser, Rick; West, Larry T.; Hempel, Jonathan W.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Odgers, Nathan P.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Thompson, James A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Libohova, Z (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 100 Centennial Mall North, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN PY 2014 VL 213 BP 544 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.019 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 288EM UT WOS:000329594800059 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Lin, H Doolittle, J AF Zhang, Jun Lin, Henry Doolittle, James TI Soil layering and preferential flow impacts on seasonal changes of GPR signals in two contrasting soils SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Ground penetrating radar; Soil moisture; Soil layering; Preferential flow; Reflection coefficient ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SHALE HILLS CATCHMENT; WATER; INFILTRATION; PATHWAYS; PATTERN AB Experimental evidence has shown that soil layering can significantly alter water movement through soil profiles, especially in sloping landscapes. Detailed knowledge of soil layering and its position in the landscape is therefore necessary for determining dynamic subsurface flow. In this study, we used Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in combination with high resolution real-time soil water monitoring to investigate seasonal changes in GPR signals to identify soil horizon interfaces and their impacts on water flow in two contrasting soils. The results showed that 1) in the deep Rushtown soil located in a concave hillslope, GPR reflections in the Bw-BC and BC-C horizon interfaces became clearer as soil became wetter. Such increased contrast along interfaces was due to the presence of water associated with water-restricting BC horizon and lateral flow from upslope area; and 2) in the shallow Weikert soil located in a planar hillslope, GPR reflections in the soil-bedrock interface and the weathered-unweathered rock interface become intermittent as soil became wetter. This scattering of GPR reflection was due to the non-uniform distribution of water in fractured shale bedrock and possible tree root effects. While wet condition permitted the enhanced detection of water distribution in both soil profiles, optimal time for detecting soil layering was different for these two soils: wet condition was more suited for detecting water-restricting dense layer in the deep Rushtown soil, while dry season was optimal for identifying the soil-bedrock interface in the shallow Weikert soil. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of repeated GPR surveys in different seasons to capture subsurface hydrologic processes and the impacts of soil layering and preferential water distribution on seasonal changes of GPR signals. It also provides a useful reference for selecting optimal time for GPR survey in the field. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jun; Lin, Henry] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Doolittle, James] USDA NRCS NSSC, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM henrylin@psu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 FU U.S. National Science Foundation through Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory [EAR-0725019] FX This research was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (grant #EAR-0725019). NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN PY 2014 VL 213 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.035 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 288EM UT WOS:000329594800061 ER PT B AU Levinson, DH Fettig, CJ AF Levinson, David H. Fettig, Christopher J. BE Pinkerton, KE Rom, WN TI Climate Change: Overview of Data Sources, Observed and Predicted Temperature Changes, and Impacts on Public and Environmental Health SO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND PUBLIC HEALTH SE Respiratory Medicine Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Anthropogenic-induced changes; Forest health; Change in surface temperature; Changing distribution of conifers; Phytophagous insects; Climate-induced forest mortality ID AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA L.; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HUMAN MORTALITY; TREE MORTALITY; BARK BEETLES; FOREST; DROUGHT; US AB This chapter addresses the societal and the environmental impacts of climate change related to increasing surface temperatures on air quality and forest health. Increasing temperatures at and near the earth's surface, due to both a warming climate and urban heat island effects, have been shown to increase ground-level ozone concentrations in cities across the U. S. In terms of forest health, elevated surface air temperatures and increased water stress are raising the possibility that forests world-wide are increasingly responding to warming climate conditions, which may lead to widespread tree mortality. The importance of climate datasets is also addressed, specifically as it relates to understanding the observed and predicted changes in surface temperatures at the global, regional and local scale. C1 [Levinson, David H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Levinson, DH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dlevinson@fs.fed.us; cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-4614-8417-2; 978-1-4614-8416-5 J9 RESPIR MED SER PY 2014 VL 7 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8417-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-8417-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA BJJ05 UT WOS:000328380700004 ER PT J AU Leroux, DJ Kerr, YH Wood, EF Sahoo, AK Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ AF Leroux, Delphine J. Kerr, Yann H. Wood, Eric F. Sahoo, Alok K. Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. TI An Approach to Constructing a Homogeneous Time Series of Soil Moisture Using SMOS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E); cumulative density function (CDF) matching; copulas; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS); soil moisture; time series ID OF-FIT TESTS; AMSR-E; COPULA; RETRIEVAL; HYDROLOGY; MODELS; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; MISSION AB Overlapping soil moisture time series derived from two satellite microwave radiometers (the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) are used to generate a soil moisture time series from 2003 to 2010. Two statistical methodologies for generating long homogeneous time series of soil moisture are considered. Generated soil moisture time series using only morning satellite overpasses are compared to ground measurements from four watersheds in the U. S. with different climatologies. The two methods, cumulative density function (CDF) matching and copulas, are based on the same statistical theory, but the first makes the assumption that the two data sets are ordered the same way, which is not needed by the second. Both methods are calibrated in 2010, and the calibrated parameters are applied to the soil moisture data from 2003 to 2009. Results from these two methods compare well with ground measurements. However, CDF matching improves the correlation, whereas copulas improve the root-mean-square error. C1 [Leroux, Delphine J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kerr, Yann H.] Ctr Etud Spati Biosphere, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Wood, Eric F.; Sahoo, Alok K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bindlish, Rajat; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Leroux, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM delphine.j.leroux@gmail.com; yann.kerr@cesbio.cnes.fr; efwood@princeton.edu; aksahoo2004@gmail.com; rajat.bindlish@ars.usda.gov; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov OI Leroux, Delphine/0000-0003-1688-021X FU Telespazio France; TOSCA FX This work was supported in part by Telespazio France and in part by TOSCA. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 1 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2240691 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DE UT WOS:000328939500001 ER PT J AU Panciera, R Walker, JP Jackson, TJ Gray, DA Tanase, MA Ryu, D Monerris, A Yardley, H Rudiger, C Wu, XL Gao, Y Hacker, JM AF Panciera, Rocco Walker, Jeffrey P. Jackson, Thomas J. Gray, Douglas A. Tanase, Mihai A. Ryu, Dongryeol Monerris, Alessandra Yardley, Heath Ruediger, Christoph Wu, Xiaoling Gao, Ying Hacker, Joerg M. TI The Soil Moisture Active Passive Experiments (SMAPEx): Toward Soil Moisture Retrieval From the SMAP Mission SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE L-band; microwave; polarimetric L-band imaging synthetic aperture radar (PLIS); polarimetric L-band multi-beam radiometer (PLMR); remote sensing; soil moisture active passive (SMAP); soil moisture; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS; L-BAND; C-BAND; SURFACE; VEGETATION; BACKSCATTERING; RADIOMETER; PARAMETERIZATION; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM AB NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission will carry the first combined spaceborne L-band radiometer and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system with the objective of mapping near-surface soil moisture and freeze/thaw state globally every 2-3 days. SMAP will provide three soil moisture products: i) high-resolution from radar (similar to 3 km), ii) low-resolution from radiometer (similar to 36 km), and iii) intermediate-resolution from the fusion of radar and radiometer (similar to 9 km). The Soil Moisture Active Passive Experiments (SMAPEx) are a series of three airborne field experiments designed to provide prototype SMAP data for the development and validation of soil moisture retrieval algorithms applicable to the SMAP mission. This paper describes the SMAPEx sampling strategy and presents an overview of the data collected during the three experiments: SMAPEx-1 (July 5-10, 2010), SMAPEx-2 (December 4-8, 2010) and SMAPEx-3 (September 5-23, 2011). The SMAPEx experiments were conducted in a semi-arid agricultural and grazing area located in southeastern Australia, timed so as to acquire data over a seasonal cycle at various stages of the crop growth. Airborne L-band brightness temperature (similar to 1 km) and radar backscatter (similar to 10 m) observations were collected over an area the size of a single SMAP footprint (38 km x 36 km at 35. latitude) with a 2-3 days revisit time, providing SMAP-like data for testing of radiometer-only, radar-only and combined radiometer-radar soil moisture retrieval and downscaling algorithms. Airborne observations were supported by continuous monitoring of near-surface (0-5 cm) soil moisture along with intensive ground monitoring of soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation biomass and structure, and surface roughness. C1 [Panciera, Rocco; Tanase, Mihai A.] Univ Melbourne, Cooperat Res Ctr Spatial Informat, Melbourne, Vic 3053, Australia. [Walker, Jeffrey P.; Monerris, Alessandra; Ruediger, Christoph; Wu, Xiaoling; Gao, Ying] Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gray, Douglas A.; Yardley, Heath] Univ Adelaide, EEE Sch, Radar Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Ryu, Dongryeol] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3053, Australia. [Hacker, Joerg M.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Airborne Res Australia, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia. RP Panciera, R (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Cooperat Res Ctr Spatial Informat, Melbourne, Vic 3053, Australia. EM panr@unimelb.edu.au; jeff.walker@monash.edu; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov; dgray@eleceng.adelaide.edu.au; mihai76@gmail.com; ryu.dongryeol@gmail.com; sandra.monerris-belda@monash.edu; Heath.Yardley@dsto.defence.gov.au.adelaide.edu.au; chris.rudiger@monash.edu; xiaoling.wu@monash.edu; ying.gao@monash.edu; jorg@airborneresearch.com.au RI Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008; OI Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209; Monerris, Alessandra/0000-0002-9186-6867; Rudiger, Christoph/0000-0003-4375-4446; Tanase, Mihai A./0000-0002-0045-2299 FU Australian Research Council [DP0984586] FX The SMAPEx experiments were funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP0984586). NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 63 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 1 BP 490 EP 507 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2241774 PN 2 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DE UT WOS:000328939500009 ER PT J AU Taghvaeian, S Chavez, JL Bausch, WC DeJonge, KC Trout, TJ AF Taghvaeian, Saleh Chavez, Jose L. Bausch, Walter C. DeJonge, Kendall C. Trout, Thomas J. TI Minimizing instrumentation requirement for estimating crop water stress index and transpiration of maize SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INFRARED THERMOMETRY; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; BASE-LINES; IRRIGATION; CORN; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; ATMOMETERS AB Research was conducted in northern Colorado in 2011 to estimate the crop water stress index (CWSI) and actual transpiration (T (a)) of maize under a range of irrigation regimes. The main goal was to obtain these parameters with minimum instrumentation and measurements. The results confirmed that empirical baselines required for CWSI calculation are transferable within regions with similar climatic conditions, eliminating the need to develop them for each irrigation scheme. This means that maize CWSI can be determined using only two instruments: an infrared thermometer and an air temperature/relative humidity sensor. Reference evapotranspiration data obtained from a modified atmometer were similar to those estimated at a standard weather station, suggesting that maize T (a) can be calculated based on CWSI and by adding one additional instrument: a modified atmometer. Estimated CWSI during four hourly periods centered on solar noon was largest during the 2 h after solar noon. Hence, this time window is recommended for once-a-day data acquisition if the goal is to capture maximum stress level. Maize T (a) based on CWSI during the first hourly period (10:00-11:00) was closest to T (a) estimates from a widely used crop coefficient model. Thus, this time window is recommended if the goal is to monitor maize water use. Average CWSI over the 2 h after solar noon and during the study period (early August to late September, 2011) was 0.19, 0.57, and 0.20 for plots under full, low-frequency deficit, and high-frequency deficit irrigation regimes, respectively. During the same period (50 days), total maize T (a) based on the 10:00-11:00 CWSI was 218, 141, and 208 mm for the same treatments, respectively. These values were within 3 % of the results of the crop coefficient approach. C1 [Taghvaeian, Saleh; Chavez, Jose L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bausch, Walter C.; DeJonge, Kendall C.; Trout, Thomas J.] ARS, Water Management Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Taghvaeian, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Saleh.Taghvaeian@Colostate.edu OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU Regenesis Management Group, LLC FX The funding for this research experiment was provided by the Regenesis Management Group, LLC. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 32 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s00271-013-0415-z PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 288ZK UT WOS:000329650600005 ER PT J AU Hales, KE Brown-Brandl, TM Freetly, HC AF Hales, K. E. Brown-Brandl, T. M. Freetly, H. C. TI Effects of decreased dietary roughage concentration on energy metabolism and nutrient balance in finishing beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium held at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 12-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN DE cattle; energy metabolism; finishing diet; roughage ID WET DISTILLERS GRAINS; CARBON-NITROGEN BALANCE; CORN PROCESSING METHOD; FLUID DILUTION RATE; METHANE EMISSIONS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; STEERS; LEVEL; PERFORMANCE; SOLUBLES AB The optimal roughage concentration required in feedlot diets changes continuously for many reasons such as source, availability, price, and interaction with other ingredients in the diet. Wet distillers grains and solubles (WDGS) are common in finishing diets and they contain relatively high amounts of fiber compared with other grains they replace. Therefore, concentration of roughage could be altered when WDGS are included in feedlot diets. There has been very little data published regarding the effects of roughage concentration on energy metabolism and nutrient balance in beef steers. Therefore, the effects of roughage concentration in dry-rolled corn (DRC)-based diets containing 25% WDGS were evaluated in 8 steers (BW = 362 +/- 3.71 kg) using a replicated Latin square. Data were analyzed with the fixed effects of dietary treatment and period and random effects of square and steer within square were included in the model. Diets consisted of 25% WDGS and the balance being DRC and coarsely ground alfalfa hay (AH) replacing corn at 2% (AH-2), 6% (AH-6), 10% (AH-10), and 14% (AH-14) of dietary dry matter. As a proportion of GE intake, fecal energy loss increased linearly (P = 0.02), and DE decreased linearly (P = 0.02) as dietary level of AH increased. Methane energy loss, as a proportion of GE intake, increased linearly (P < 0.01) and ME decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as dietary concentration of AH increased. Heat production tended (P = 0.10) to decrease reaching a minimum of 10% AH and increased from 10 to 14% AH inclusion. Moreover, as a proportion of GE intake, retained energy (RE) decreased (P < 0.01) as AH level increased in the diet. Reasons for the decrease in RE are 1) the increase in fecal energy loss that is associated with decreased ruminal digestibility of NDF when AH replaced DRC and the shift in ruminal VFA produced, 2) the decreased energy available for animal retention when NDF increased linearly as AH increased in the diet, and 3) the methane and heat energy associated with digestion of the fibrous portion of the AH. Neutral detergent fiber and OM excretion also increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing AH in the diet. The increased NDF and OM excretion were likely caused by the difference in digestibility of AH and DRC. C1 [Hales, K. E.; Brown-Brandl, T. M.; Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Hales, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Kristin.Hales@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The efforts of K. Sorensen, A. Menke, C. Haussler, C. Felber, and D. Janssen in assisting with the conduct of this research and C. Engle in assisting in the cattle management are greatly appreciated. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 92 IS 1 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6994 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 281VG UT WOS:000329128500029 PM 24352959 ER PT J AU Ta, YT Nguyen, TT To, PB Pham, DX Le, HTH Thi, GN Alali, WQ Walls, I Doyle, MP AF Ta, Yen T. Trung Thanh Nguyen Phuong Bich To Da Xuan Pham Hao Thi Hong Le Giang Nguyen Thi Alali, Walid Q. Walls, Isabel Doyle, Michael P. TI Quantification, Serovars, and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Retail Raw Chicken Meat in Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PREVALENCE; CONTAMINATION; CAMPYLOBACTER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; CARCASSES; THAILAND AB The objectives of this study were to quantify Salmonella counts on retail raw poultry meat in Vietnam and to phenotypically characterize (serovars and antibiotic resistance) the isolates. A total of 300 chicken carcasses were collected from two cities and two provinces in Vietnam. Salmonella counts on the samples were determined according to the most-probable-number (MPN) method of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS). A total of 457 isolates were serotyped and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Overall, 48.7% of chicken samples were Salmonella positive with a count of 2.0 log MPN per carcass. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in log MPN per carcass by the study variables (market type, storage condition, and chicken production system). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in Salmonella-positive prevalence by chicken production system. Among the 22 Salmonella serovars identified, Albany was the most frequent (34.1%), followed by Agona (15.5%) and Dabou (8.8%). Resistance to at least one antibiotic was common (i.e., 73.3%), with high resistance to tetracycline (59.1%) and ampicillin (41.6%). Resistance to three antibiotics was the most frequently found multidrug resistance profile (17.7%, n = 81); the profile that was resistant to the highest number of drugs was resistant to nine antibiotics (0.7%, n = 3). Only Salmonella Albany posed phenotypic resistance to ceftriaxone (a drug of choice to treat severe cases of salmonellosis). The data revealed that, whereas Salmonella prevalence on raw poultry was high (48.7%), counts were low, which suggests that the exposure risk to Salmonella is low. However, improper storage of raw chicken meat and cross-contamination may increase Salmonella cell counts and pose a greater risk for infection. These data may be helpful in developing risk assessment models and preventing the transmission of foodborne Salmonella from poultry to humans in Vietnam. C1 [Ta, Yen T.; Trung Thanh Nguyen; Phuong Bich To; Da Xuan Pham; Hao Thi Hong Le; Giang Nguyen Thi] Natl Inst Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Alali, Walid Q.; Doyle, Michael P.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Walls, Isabel] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Alali, WQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM walali@uga.edu OI Walls, Isabel/0000-0002-9643-8845 FU "Data Collection for Salmonella in Raw Poultry in Vietnam" of the University of Georgia in collaboration with the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network FX This research was supported by the project "Data Collection for Salmonella in Raw Poultry in Vietnam" of the University of Georgia in collaboration with the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network. We thank the technical staff at the Local Department of Health in Vietnam. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 77 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-221 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 288DX UT WOS:000329593300007 PM 24405999 ER PT J AU Wang, JP Niu, XL Du, XG Smith, D Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Wang, Junpeng Niu, Xinli Du, Xiaogang Smith, Donald Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI Dietary Supplementation with White Button Mushrooms Augments the Protective Immune Response to Salmonella Vaccine in Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TYPHOID-FEVER VACCINES; DENDRITIC CELLS; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; T-CELLS; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; AGARICUS-BLAZEI; ANIMAL-MODELS; IN-VIVO; MATURATION; ACTIVATION AB We previously showed that dietary white button mushrooms (WBMs) enhanced natural killer cell activity and that in vitro WBM supplementation promotes maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs). The current study investigated whether WBM consumption would enhance pathogen-specific immune response using a Salmonella vaccination and infection animal model. C57BL/6 mice were fed diets containing 0%, 2%, or 5% WBM for 4 wk before oral vaccination with live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL1479. Four weeks after immunization, mice were orally infected with virulent Salmonella typhimurium SL1344. Immunization increased animal survival and, among immunized mice, the 2% WBM group had a higher survival rate than the other groups. Next, we fed mice 2% WBMs to determine the immunological mechanism underlying the WBM-potentiated protective effect. We found that WBM supplementation increased Salmonella-specific blood immunoglobulin (Ig) G and fecal IgA concentrations. WBM-fed mice also had a higher IgG2a and unchanged IgG1 production, leading to an elevated IgG2a:IgG1 ratio and indicating an enhanced T helper 1 response. Consistent with these results, WBM-fed mice had higher interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-17A production and unchanged IL-4 production in their splenocytes after polyclonal (anti-CD3/CD28) or antigen-specific stimulation. Furthermore, WBM-fed mice had more DCs in the spleen, and these DCs expressed higher levels of activation markers CD40 and major histocompatibility complex-II. These mice also produced more IL-12 and TNF-alpha postimmunization. Together, these results suggest that WBMs may improve Salmonella vaccine efficacy through an enhanced adaptive immune response. C1 [Wang, Junpeng; Niu, Xinli; Du, Xiaogang; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Donald] Tufts Univ, Comparat Biol Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Dept Pathol, Sackler Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU Mushroom Council; USDA/Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-0-014] FX Supported by a grant from the Mushroom Council and mushroom industry funding partners and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service under contract no. 58-1950-0-014. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 144 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.3945/jn.113.185165 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 287GU UT WOS:000329530800016 PM 24259557 ER PT J AU Brown, EM Latona, RJ Taylor, MM Gehring, AG AF Brown, Eleanor M. Latona, Renee J. Taylor, Maryann M. Gehring, Andrew G. TI POWDERED HIDE MODEL FOR VEGETABLE TANNING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COLLAGEN STRUCTURE; PEROXIDE; STABILITY AB To demonstrate the utility of the powdered hide model for vegetable tanning studies, interactions of quebracho with samples of powdered hide prepared from partially processed hides were investigated. Hides were dehaired by a typical sulfide or oxidative method and carried through the delime/bate step of a tanning process. Prior to tanning, the powdered hide from oxidative dehairing was on average slightly more susceptible to attack by collagenase than was the powdered hide from sulfide dehairing. After tanning with as little as 20% quebracho, powdered hide from both processes was well protected against collagenase degradation. Apparent shrinkage temperatures ranged between 79 degrees C and 87 degrees C, increasing with increased quebracho offer. Shrinkage temperatures for quebracho-treated oxidatively powdered hides were generally 2 degrees C lower than for sulfide dehaired samples. This contrasts with no difference in shrinkage temperature for chrome tanned powdered hides. Comparison of micrographs of powdered hide treated with crude and purified quebracho suggest that the tanning effect of quebracho is both a function of quebracho/collagen interactions, and the filling effect of other components of the crude quebracho. C1 [Brown, Eleanor M.; Latona, Renee J.; Taylor, Maryann M.; Gehring, Andrew G.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM eleanor.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA 1314 50 ST, STE 103, LUBBOCK, TX 79412 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 109 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 287PQ UT WOS:000329555100002 ER PT J AU Cichy, KA Fernandez, A Kilian, A Kelly, JD Galeano, CH Shaw, S Brick, M Hodkinson, D Troxtell, E AF Cichy, Karen A. Fernandez, Andrea Kilian, Andrzej Kelly, James D. Galeano, Carlos H. Shaw, Scott Brick, Mark Hodkinson, Donny Troxtell, Emily TI QTL analysis of canning quality and color retention in black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; Consumer acceptance; Linkage map; Processing quality; Anthocyanins; Asp gene ID FOOD QUALITY; REGISTRATION; DRY; ANTHOCYANINS; EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL; CAPACITY; MARKERS; CUTICLE; TRAITS AB Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) consumption is increasing in the USA. One of the major challenges faced by breeders is to develop superior black bean cultivars to meet the demands of the canning industry. Processors require beans that take up water quickly during pre-canning soak and beans that retain their black color after canning. To properly assess canning quality requires expensive and detailed measurements of the canned product, often not possible for bean breeders. The objective of this research was identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a black bean recombinant inbred line (RIL) population for canning quality traits related to water uptake, color retention, and anthocyanin concentration. The parental lines from which the population was developed, Black Magic and Shiny Crow, contrasted in water uptake and color retention. These cultivars also differed in seed coat luster, controlled by a single gene, Asp. A medium-density linkage map of 1,449 markers and a distance of 1,660 cM was developed from this RIL population. The map was aligned to the bean genome sequence V1.0 by using sequence information associated with the Diversity Arrays Technology markers. QTL analysis revealed that the region near the Asp gene on chromosome Pv 07 is the major determinant of water uptake, explaining up to 49 % of the phenotypic variation. A group of QTL for color retention-related traits was found at the upper region of Pv 11, explaining up to 30 % of the phenotypic variation. A smaller effect QTL clustered on Pv 5 co-localized with a QTL for canned bean anthocyanin concentration and explained less than 10 % of the phenotypic variation. These color-related QTL have marker-assisted selection potential for bean breeders interested in enhancing color retention and anthocyanin concentration of processed black beans. C1 [Cichy, Karen A.; Shaw, Scott] USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fernandez, Andrea; Kelly, James D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kilian, Andrzej] Divers Arrays Technol Pty Ltd, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Galeano, Carlos H.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Galeano, Carlos H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brick, Mark; Hodkinson, Donny; Troxtell, Emily] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crops Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cichy, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Karen.cichy@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s11032-013-9940-y PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 289GW UT WOS:000329670900012 ER PT J AU Swope, SM AF Swope, Sarah M. TI Biocontrol attack increases pollen limitation under some circumstances in the invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Pathogen; pollen limitation ID CANADIAN WEEDS; POLLINATOR LIMITATION; SEED SET; MEDIATED INTERACTIONS; LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; MATING SYSTEM; REPRODUCTION; HERBIVORY; BIOLOGY AB Herbivore damage often deters pollinator visitation and many invasive plants in North America are pollinator-dependent. This has important implications for the biological control of invasive plants because it means that agents that deter pollinators may have a larger than expected impact on the plant. Yet interactions between pollinators and biocontrol agents are rarely evaluated. Centaurea solstitialis, one of the most problematic invasive species in California, is dependent on pollinators for reproduction. I factorially manipulated infection by a biocontrol pathogen and pollen supplementation to test for (1) pollen limitation in C. solstitialis, (2) whether infection increased pollen limitation, and (3) whether this varied across a soil moisture gradient. Plants growing on north-facing slopes where soil moisture was higher experienced mild pollen limitation in the absence of the pathogen and more pronounced pollen limitation when they were infected. Plants on drier south-facing slopes did not suffer from pollen limitation but instead appeared to suffer from resource limitation. Pathogen infection directly reduced seed set in C. solstitialis by 67-72 %. On north-facing slopes, infection had an additional, indirect effect by increasing the degree of pollen limitation plants experienced. The trait that mediates this indirect pathogen-pollinator interaction is the number of inflorescences plants produced: infected plants made fewer inflorescences which led to greater pollen limitation. Although in the present study this outcome is dependent on abiotic factors that vary over small spatial scales, exploiting other invasive plants' dependence on pollinators by selecting agents that deter visitation may enhance agent impact. C1 [Swope, Sarah M.] USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Swope, SM (reprint author), Mills Coll, Dept Biol, 5000 MacArthur Blvd, Oakland, CA 94613 USA. EM sswope@mills.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Sandra Li assisted with seed counting. Dale Woods, California Department of Food and Agriculture, provided Puccinia spores. Cynthia Hays provided helpful comments during the data interpretation and the USDA Agricultural Research Service provided funding. Elizabeth Elle and two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful suggestions that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. The experiments comply with the current laws of the country (USA) in which they were conducted. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2014 VL 174 IS 1 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s00442-013-2750-4 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288PQ UT WOS:000329624300020 PM 24036930 ER PT J AU Jiang, XL Zhang, ML Zhang, HX Sanderson, S AF Jiang, Xiao-Long Zhang, Ming-Li Zhang, Hong-Xiang Sanderson, Stewart C. TI Phylogeographic patterns of the Aconitum nemorum species group (Ranunculaceae) shaped by geological and climatic events in the Tianshan Mountains and their surroundings SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aconitum; Phylogeography; Tianshan Mountains; Speciation; Glacial refugia; Restricted gene flow ID QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU; ADJACENT REGIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GROWTH; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SEED DISPERSAL; WESTERN CHINA; CENTRAL-ASIA; QUATERNARY; PLANTS AB To investigate the impacts of ancient geological and climatic events on the evolutionary history of the Aconitum nemorum species group, including A. nemorum s. str., A. karakolicum, and A. soongoricum; a total of 18 natural populations with 146 individuals were sampled, mainly from grassy slopes or the coniferous forest understory of the Tianshan Mountain Range and its surroundings. Two cpDNA intergenic spacer regions (trnS-trnG and psbA-trnH) were sequenced and 16 haplotypes were identified. These were clustered into three divergent lineages which almost entirely corresponded to the three species. Analysis of molecular variance indicated restricted gene flow, mainly among species. High levels of genetic distance were detected among eastern populations in A. nemorum s. str. and A. karakolicum from spatial genetic landscape analysis. Neutral tests and mismatch distribution analysis suggest that A. nemorum s. str. experienced demographic expansions during interglacial periods. Based on haplotype distribution and the median-joining network, it was inferred that this species underwent two periods of eastward expansion. Our molecular dating indicates that the lineages of the complex separated during the period of the late Tertiary to late Pleistocene (11.74-0.064 million years ago), which was most likely triggered by recent rapid uplift of the Tianshan Mountains, while genetic variation at the intra-specific level might be attributed to climatic cycles in the late Quaternary. C1 [Jiang, Xiao-Long; Zhang, Ming-Li; Zhang, Hong-Xiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Xiao-Long; Zhang, Hong-Xiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ming-Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Sanderson, Stewart C.] US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, Intermt Res Stn, USDA, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Zhang, ML (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. EM zhangml@ibcas.ac.cn FU CAS Important Direction for Knowledge Innovation Project [KZCX2-EW-305]; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences FX We are grateful to Kai-Qing Xie and Jian Zhang in Shihezi University for help in the material collection. Two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Isabel Sanmartin are deeply grateful for their helpful comment and suggestion on the manuscript. Funding was provided by CAS Important Direction for Knowledge Innovation Project (No. KZCX2-EW-305), and Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 EI 1615-6110 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 300 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00606-013-0859-x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 284NK UT WOS:000329325800006 ER PT J AU Flitcroft, R Burnett, K Snyder, J Reeves, G Ganio, L AF Flitcroft, R. Burnett, K. Snyder, J. Reeves, G. Ganio, L. TI Riverscape Patterns among Years of Juvenile Coho Salmon in Midcoastal Oregon: Implications for Conservation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STREAM NETWORK; COAST RANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WASHINGTON STREAMS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; HABITAT QUALITY; WOODY DEBRIS; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; ABUNDANCE AB Patterns of salmon distribution throughout a riverscape may be expected to change over time in response to environmental conditions and population sizes. Changing patterns of use, including identification of consistently occupied locations, are informative for conservation and recovery planning. We explored interannual patterns of distribution by juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in 11 subbasins on the midcoast of Oregon. We found that juvenile Coho Salmon distribution expanded and contracted around stream sections that were continuously occupied (core areas). Timing of expansion or contraction was synchronous among subbasins and appeared to be related to the size of the parental spawning run. Juvenile distribution expanded from core areas when adults were abundant and contracted into core areas at lower adult abundances. The intrinsic potential of stream sections to support high quality habitat for Coho Salmon also appeared to inform distribution patterns. In most subbasins, when populations expanded, they moved into areas of high intrinsic potential. We identified areas that were consistently used by juvenile Coho Salmon which may be important target locations for conservation and restoration. Our study contributes to the body of work that seeks to explain the processes behind spatial and temporal patterns of freshwater habitat use by salmonids in the Pacific Northwest, thereby enhancing understanding of the complexity of biological and environmental interactions over broad scales. Received April 25, 2013; accepted July 2, 2013 C1 [Flitcroft, R.; Burnett, K.; Reeves, G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Snyder, J.] Western Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Monmouth, OR 97361 USA. [Ganio, L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Flitcroft, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way Southwest, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rflitcroft@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX We would like to acknowledge the long hours of fieldwork that were necessary to collect the data analyzed in this manuscript. Data collected by snorkel crews supported by the MidCoast Watershed Council and spawning survey crews supported by the Oregon Department and Fish and Wildlife's Salmonid Spawning Survey Program was accurate, well documented, and accessible. Without the vision of the leaders of these programs to gather comprehensive and expensive data sets over a long period of time, analysis such as this would not have been possible. This manuscript was much improved thanks to the thoughtful reviews of Deanna Olson and two anonymous reviewers. Kathryn Ronnenberg and Kelly Christiansen provided important support for graphics, table format, and editorial review. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service provided funding and support for the analytical portion of this project. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.824923 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400003 ER PT J AU Trumbo, BA Nislow, KH Stallings, J Hudy, M Smith, EP Kim, DY Wiggins, B Dolloff, CA AF Trumbo, Bradly A. Nislow, Keith H. Stallings, Jonathan Hudy, Mark Smith, Eric P. Kim, Dong-Yun Wiggins, Bruce Dolloff, Charles A. TI Ranking Site Vulnerability to Increasing Temperatures in Southern Appalachian Brook Trout Streams in Virginia: An Exposure-Sensitivity Approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL HABITAT LOSS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIVE RANGE; FISH; POPULATIONS; FRAGMENTATION; MOUNTAINS; REGIME; LIMITS; MODEL AB Models based on simple air temperature-water temperature relationships have been useful in highlighting potential threats to coldwater-dependent species such as Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis by predicting major losses of habitat and substantial reductions in geographic distribution. However, spatial variability in the relationship between changes in air temperature to changes in water temperature complicates predictions. We directly measured paired summer air and water temperatures over 2years in a stratified representative sample of watersheds (<1-274km(2)) supporting wild Brook Trout throughout Virginia near the southern edge of the species distribution. We used the temperature data to rank streams in terms of two important components of habitat vulnerability: sensitivity (predicted change in water temperature per unit increase in air temperature) and exposure (predicted frequency, magnitude, and duration of threshold water temperatures). Across all sites, sensitivity was substantially lower (median sensitivity = 0.35 degrees C) than the 0.80 degrees C assumed in some previous models. Median sensitivity across all sites did not differ between the 2years of the study. In contrast, median exposure was considerably greater in 2010 (a particularly warm summer) than in 2009, but exposure ranks of habitat patches were highly consistent. Variation in sensitivity and exposure among habitat patches was influenced by landscape metrics (percent forested riparian corridor, patch area, and elevation), but considerable unexplained variation in sensitivity and exposure among sites was likely due to local-scale differences in the extent of groundwater influence. Overall, our direct measurement approach identified significantly more Brook Trout habitat patches with low sensitivity and low exposure that may persist under warming air temperatures than did previous large-scale models. Our sensitivity and exposure classification should provide a useful general framework for managers in making investment decisions for protecting and restoring Brook Trout habitat. Received September 2, 2011; accepted August 9, 2013 C1 [Trumbo, Bradly A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Stallings, Jonathan; Smith, Eric P.; Kim, Dong-Yun] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hudy, Mark] James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Wiggins, Bruce] James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Dolloff, Charles A.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Trumbo, BA (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, 201 North 3rd Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM bradly.a.trumbo@usace.army.mil NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.835282 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400016 ER PT J AU Shaw, GD Cisneros, R Schweizer, D Sickman, JO Fenn, ME AF Shaw, Glenn D. Cisneros, Ricardo Schweizer, Donald Sickman, James O. Fenn, Mark E. TI Critical Loads of Acid Deposition for Wilderness Lakes in the Sierra Nevada (California) Estimated by the Steady-State Water Chemistry Model SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Lake acidification; Sierra Nevada; Critical loads; Nitrogen deposition; Class I wilderness areas; Lake monitoring ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; SSWC-MODEL; ACIDIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; SULFUR AB Major ion chemistry (2000-2009) from 208 lakes (342 sample dates and 600 samples) in class I and II wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada was used in the Steady-State Water Chemistry (SSWC) model to estimate critical loads for acid deposition and investigate the current vulnerability of high elevation lakes to acid deposition. The majority of the lakes were dilute (mean specific conductance=8.0 mu S cm(-1)) and characterized by low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC; mean=56.8 mu eq L-1). Two variants of the SSWC model were employed: (1) one model used the F-factor and (2) the alternate model used empirical estimates of atmospheric deposition and mineral weathering rates. A comparison between the results from both model variants resulted in a nearly 1:1 slope and an R-2 value of 0.98, suggesting that the deposition and mineral weathering rates used were appropriate. Using an ANC(limit) of 10 mu eq L-1, both models predicted a median critical load value of 149 eq ha(-1) year(-1) of H+ for granitic catchments. Median exceedances for the empirical approach and F-factor approach were -81 and -77 eq ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. Based on the F-factor and empirical models, 36 (17 %) and 34 (16 %) lakes exceeded their critical loads for acid deposition. Our analyses suggest that high elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada have not fully recovered from the effects of acid deposition despite substantial improvement in air quality since the 1970s. C1 [Shaw, Glenn D.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Cisneros, Ricardo; Schweizer, Donald] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Arts, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Sickman, James O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] USFS, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Shaw, GD (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, 1300 W Pk St, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM gshaw@mtech.edu; rcisneros@ucmerced.edu; dschweizer@ucmerced.edu; jsickman@ucr.edu; mfenn@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; Region 5 Air Resource Management program FX The authors thank the US Forest Service and the Region 5 Air Resource Management program, particularly Trent Proctor, for providing funding and support in the collection of water samples. The authors acknowledge Neil Berg for providing annual reports of the water chemistry and sampling, and for his instrumental role in establishing lake sampling protocols for data used in this study. The authors thank the staff at the US Forest Service Air Resource Management Lab (ARML) in Fort Collins, CO for providing the chemical analysis of the lake water samples. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their time and comments to help improve this manuscript. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 225 IS 1 AR 1804 DI 10.1007/s11270-013-1804-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 288UO UT WOS:000329637600030 ER PT J AU Redman, LM Kraus, WE Bhapkar, M Das, SK Racette, SB Martin, CK Fontana, L Wong, WW Roberts, SB Ravussin, E AF Redman, Leanne M. Kraus, William E. Bhapkar, Manju Das, Sai Krupa Racette, Susan B. Martin, Corby K. Fontana, Luigi Wong, William W. Roberts, Susan B. Ravussin, Eric CA CALERIE Study Grp TI Energy requirements in nonobese men and women: results from CALERIE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT; AFFLUENT SOCIETIES; REDUCING INTAKE; OBESE ADULTS; EXPENDITURE; WEIGHT; HUMANS; DETERMINANTS AB Background: The energy intake necessary to maintain weight and body composition is called the energy requirement for weight maintenance and can be determined by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Objective: The objective was to determine the energy requirements of nonobese men and women in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy 2 study. Design: Energy requirements were determined for 217 healthy, weight-stable men and women [aged >21 to <50 y; 70% female, 77% white; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) 22 to <28; 52% overweight] over 28 d with 2 consecutive 14-d DLW assessments in addition to serial measures of body weight and fat-free mass and fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Energy intake and physical activity were also estimated by self-report over consecutive d in each DLW period. Results: Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was consistent between the 2 DLW studies (TDEE1: 2422 +/- 404 kcal/d; TDEE2: 2465 +/- 408 kcal/d; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.90) with a mean TDEE of 2443 +/- 397 kcal/d that was, on average, 20% (580 kcal/d) higher in men than in women (P < 0.0001). The regression equation relating mean TDEE to demographics and weight was as follows: TDEE (kcal/d) = 1279 + 18.3 (weight, kg) + 2.3 (age, y) 338 (sex: 1 = female, 0 = male); R2 = 0.57. When body composition was included, TDEE (kcal/d) = 454 + 38.7 (fat-free mass, kg) - 5.4 (fat mass, kg) + 4.7 (age in y) + 103 (sex: 1 = female, 0 = male); R-2 = 0.65. Individuals significantly underreported energy intake (350 kcal/d; 15%), and underreporting by overweight individuals ( similar to 400 kcal/d; 16%) was greater (P < 0.001) than that of normal-weight individuals (similar to 270 kcal/d; 12%). Estimates of TDEE from a 7-d physical activity recall and measured resting metabolic rate also suggested that individuals significantly underreported physical activity (similar to 400 kcaVd; 17%; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: These new equations derived over 1 mo during weight stability can be used to estimate the free-living caloric requirements of nonobese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193. C1 [Redman, Leanne M.; Martin, Corby K.; Ravussin, Eric] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Kraus, William E.; Bhapkar, Manju] Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Kraus, William E.; Bhapkar, Manju] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Das, Sai Krupa; Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Racette, Susan B.; Fontana, Luigi] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Fontana, Luigi] Univ Salerno, Dept Med, Sch Med, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. [Fontana, Luigi] CEINGE Biotecnol Avanzate, Naples, Italy. [Wong, William W.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Redman, LM (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM leanne.redman@pbrc.edu OI Racette, Susan/0000-0002-6932-1887 FU National Institute on Aging at the NIH [U01AG022132, U01AG020478, U01AG020487, U01AG020480] FX Supported by the National Institute on Aging at the NIH (grant nos. U01AG022132, U01AG020478, U01AG020487, and U01AG020480). NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 99 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.3945/ajcn.113.065631 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 281DN UT WOS:000329080200010 PM 24257721 ER PT J AU Wheatley, SM El-Kadi, SW Suryawan, A Boutry, C Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Davis, SR Davis, TA AF Wheatley, Scott M. El-Kadi, Samer W. Suryawan, Agus Boutry, Claire Orellana, Renan A. Nguyen, Hanh V. Davis, Steven R. Davis, Teresa A. TI Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs is enhanced by administration of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE amino acid; protein metabolism; protein degradation; mtor; infant ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; AMINO-ACID AVAILABILITY; TRANSLATION INITIATION; LEUCINE SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-KETOISOCAPROATE; STIMULATION; METABOLISM; INFANTS; DEGRADATION; GLUTAMINE AB Many low-birth-weight infants experience failure to thrive. The amino acid leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the neonate, but less is known about the effects of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). To determine the effects of HMB on protein synthesis and the regulation of translation initiation and degradation pathways, overnight-fasted neonatal pigs were infused with HMB at 0, 20, 100, or 400 mu mol.kg body wt(-1).h(-1) for 1 h (HMB 0, HMB 20, HMB 100, or HMB 400). Plasma HMB concentrations increased with infusion and were 10, 98, 316, and 1,400 nmol/ml in the HMB 0, HMB 20, HMB 100, and HMB 400 pigs. Protein synthesis rates in the longissimus dorsi (LD), gastrocnemius, soleus, and diaphragm muscles, lung, and spleen were greater in HMB 20 than in HMB 0, and in the LD were greater in HMB 100 than in HMB 0. HMB 400 had no effect on protein synthesis. Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E. eIF4G complex formation and ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 and 4E-binding protein-1 phosphorylation increased in LD, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles with HMB 20 and HMB 100 and in diaphragm with HMB 20. Phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha and elongation factor 2 and expression of system A transporter (SNAT2), system L transporter (LAT1), muscle RING finger 1 protein (MuRF1), muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1), and microtubuleassociated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) were unchanged. Results suggest that supplemental HMB enhances protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonates by stimulating translation initiation. C1 [Wheatley, Scott M.; El-Kadi, Samer W.; Suryawan, Agus; Boutry, Claire; Orellana, Renan A.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Davis, Steven R.] Abbott Nutr, Columbus, OH USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu FU Abbott Nutrition; USDA/ARS [6250-510000-055] FX This project has been funded by Abbott Nutrition (T. A. Davis) and by the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement 6250-510000-055 (T. A. Davis). This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture/ Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Abbott Nutrition. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or politics of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 EI 1522-1555 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 306 IS 1 BP E91 EP E99 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00500.2013 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 282SK UT WOS:000329193100009 PM 24192287 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Garcia, RA AF Piazza, G. J. Garcia, R. A. TI Proteolysis of meat and bone meal to increase utilisation SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bridging; kaolin; patch ID AMINO-ACIDS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; NONFEED APPLICATIONS; PROTEIN; COLLAGEN; ADHESIVES; PRODUCTS; INDUSTRY; TRYPSIN; MASS AB Meat and bone meal (MBM), an important by-product of the meat industry, is the ground, rendered remainder of farm animals after removal of the hide and meat. Most protein in MBM is insoluble, which limits its usefulness. Defatted, milled porcine MBM was subjected to saturating amounts of trypsin, a selective protease, and subtilisin, a protease with broad selectivity. Samples were withdrawn over a 48-h time course of hydrolysis and filtered to remove insoluble material. The rate at which the MBM protein was converted to a soluble form was equivalent for both proteases. Over the time course, trypsin generated fewer free amino groups than did subtilisin, and at a specified time, the molecular weight (MW) of the soluble trypsin hydrolysate was higher than that of the subtilisin hydrolysate. Assay of amino group formation showed that the proteases were still active even after soluble protein generation had ceased. The hydrolysates are useful for a variety of food and non-food uses. The hydrolysates were tested for flocculation activity in an ongoing effort to find sources for renewable flocculant. Kaolin flocculant activity was observed with the soluble fraction obtained before hydrolysis of MBM and also observed with the relatively high MW hydrolysates from short treatment with trypsin and subtilisin. Low MW fractions obtained from by subtilisin treatment at 30-48 h also showed kaolin-settling ability, probably through a coagulation or charge neutralisation process. C1 [Piazza, G. J.; Garcia, R. A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.piazza@ars.usda.gov OI Garcia, Rafael A./0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 26 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0939 EI 1836-5787 J9 ANIM PROD SCI JI Anim. Prod. Sci. PY 2014 VL 54 IS 2 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.1071/AN13041 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 284NT UT WOS:000329326800010 ER PT J AU Gautam, SG Opit, GP Margosan, D Tebbets, JS Walse, S AF Gautam, S. G. Opit, G. P. Margosan, D. Tebbets, J. S. Walse, S. TI Egg Morphology of Key Stored-Product Insect Pests of the United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE egg respiratory system; aeropyle; fumigant efficacy; diffusion; tolerance ID EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY; SULFURYL FLUORIDE; MOTHS LEPIDOPTERA; METHYL-BROMIDE; COLEOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; ANOBIIDAE; HUBNER AB Eggs of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), Ephestia elutella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were imaged using scanning electron microscopy to explore how respiratory openings on the chorion surface may affect the relative efficacy of fumigation. Each C. hemipterus egg had two aeropyles and no micropyles; A. transitella and L. serricorne eggs had many aeropyles and several micropyles; and each E. elutella egg had many aeropyles and a single micropyle. Our data suggest that gases, including fumigants, differentially diffuse into the eggs of these species, with penetration through aeropyles and micropyles likely occurring to a greater extent in L. serricorne, E. elutella, and A. transitella than in C. hemipterus. Although confirmatory measurements of fumigant diffusion into eggs are needed, these findings suggest that species-specific ovicidal efficacies are related, at least in part, to the surface morphology of eggs and that chorionic respiratory structures differentially affect fumigant penetration and/or uptake. C1 [Gautam, S. G.; Opit, G. P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Margosan, D.; Tebbets, J. S.; Walse, S.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Qual Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM george.opit@okstate.edu FU Walnut Board of California; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [OKL02695] FX We thank Gail Sergent for her technical support. We also thank Deborah Jaworski, Kris Giles, and Edmond Bonjour for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. In addition, we extend our appreciation to USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center (SJVASC) for providing the necessary infrastructures for conducting this study. This work was funded by the Walnut Board of California and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (Project No. OKL02695). NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1603/AN13103 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 284EO UT WOS:000329299100001 ER PT J AU Armendariz-Toledano, F Nino, A Sullivan, BT Macias-Samano, J Victor, J Clarke, SR Zuniga, G AF Armendariz-Toledano, Francisco Nino, Alicia Sullivan, Brian T. Macias-Samano, Jorge Victor, Javier Clarke, Stephen R. Zuniga, Gerardo TI Two Species Within Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Evidence From Morphological, Karyological, Molecular, and Crossing Studies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE seminal rod; spermatheca; geometric morphometry; syntopic species; integrative taxonomy ID TOMICUS-PINIPERDA; SCOLYTIDAE; COMPLEX; MEXICO; BIOSYSTEMATICS; LIKELIHOOD; EVOLUTION; ACCURATE; NUMBER; RATIO AB Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann is considered one of the most important economic and ecological forest pests in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Recently, two apparent morphological variants of this species were discovered occurring syntopically in Central America and southern Mexico. Morphotype A beetles lack a series of fine parallel ridges on the episternal area of the prothorax that are present on morphotype B. The goal of the present work was to clarify the taxonomic status of the morphotypes of the D. frontalis species complex. Geometric morphometric analyses of seminal rod and spermatheca shape together with the characterization of 16 attributes of external morphology revealed differences in quantitative and qualitative characters that distinguished adults of the two morphotypes from each other as well as from the closely related species Dendroctonus vitei Wood and Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins. Karyotype analysis of morphotype B revealed a chromosomal formula (5AA + Xyp) distinct from that found in morphotype A previously reported for D. frontalis (7AA + Xyp). In the laboratory, forced intermorphotype crosses produced F1 progeny but at lower frequency than intramorphotype pairings, and dissections of spermatheca revealed a lower frequency of insemination at least one type of heterotypic cross. Phylogenetic analysis of the D. frontalis species complex based on 786 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I gene indicated that morphotypes B and A are two independent groups with 98% nodal support within D. frontalis. These data provide compelling evidence that the two syntopic morphotypes represent two distinct sibling species. C1 [Armendariz-Toledano, Francisco; Victor, Javier; Zuniga, Gerardo] Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Nino, Alicia; Macias-Samano, Jorge] El Colegio Frontera ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Sullivan, Brian T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Clarke, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Lufkin, TX USA. RP Zuniga, G (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM capotezu@hotmail.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station [04-IC-11330129-131, 07-IC-11330129-056]; Comision Nacional Forestal [69539] FX We thank Juan Cruz, Efrain Santiago, and Francisco Bonilla (Comision Nacional Forestal Mexico), Juvencio Hernandez and Olivia Maldonado (Secretaria de Desarrollo Agropecuario Forestal, Pesca y Acuacultura, Oaxaca, Mexico), Roberto Castellanos (Parque Nacional de Lagunas de Montebello, Mexico), and Benjamin Moreno (Colegio de la Frontera Sur-ECOSUR) for field and lab assistance and for providing insects specimens. Collection specimens were loaned by Luis Gerardo Cuellar Universidad de Nuevo Leon Campus Linares. The project was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station cooperative agreements 04-IC-11330129-131 and 07-IC-11330129-056 and partially by the Comision Nacional Forestal (Project 69539). F. A. T. was member of Programa Institucional de Formacion de Investigadores del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (PIFI-IPN); F. A. T. and A.N. were Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia fellows (267436 and 256629, respectively). NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 107 IS 1 BP 11 EP 27 DI 10.1603/AN13047 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 284EO UT WOS:000329299100002 ER PT J AU Normark, BB Morse, GE Krewinski, A Okusu, A AF Normark, Benjamin B. Morse, Geoffrey E. Krewinski, Amanda Okusu, Akiko TI Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) of San Lorenzo National Park, Panama, With Descriptions of Two New Species SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE armored scale insect; Coccoidea; Diaspididae; neotropical; tropical rainforest canopy ID TROPICAL FOREST; COCCOIDEA DIASPIDIDAE; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; DIVERSITY AB Armored scale insects include invasive economic pests that have been widely studied in human-altered habitats but have received less attention in natural habitats. Although armored scale insects are nearly ubiquitous associates of woody plants, they generally go uncollected in general surveys because they are not susceptible to mass collecting techniques, such as fogging, beating, or trapping. San Lorenzo National Park in Panama was the subject of a recent high-profile effort to quantify the arthropod diversity in a tropical forest (Basset et al. 2012). Here, we contribute to understanding the biodiversity of this classic site by reporting the armored scale insect species we found there in August 2010. We found that, unlike other rainforest canopy taxa, the armored scale insect fauna is dominated by highly polyphagous cosmopolitan pests. However, we also found new species, and we describe two of them here: Furcaspis douglorum Okusu & Normark n. sp. and Hemiberlesia andradae Okusu & Normark n. sp. We provide amendments to the relevant keys, including a new key to New World species of Hemiberlesia Cockerell that lack perivulvar pores. In this context, we treat Abgrallaspis Balachowsky as a subjective synonym of Hemiberlesia, and we transfer its species to Hemiberlesia, except for the following assignments to other genera: Affirmaspis flavida (De Lotto), n. comb., Aspidiotus furcillae Brain, rev. comb., Clavaspis perseae (Davidson), n. comb., Diaspidiotus fraxini (McKenzie), n. comb., and Davidsonaspis aguacatae (Evans, Watson, and Miller), n. comb. Davidsonaspis Normark, n. gen. We regard Abgrallaspis azadirachti Ojha and A. narainus Dutta & Singh as synonyms of Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead), new synonymy. C1 [Normark, Benjamin B.; Okusu, Akiko] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Normark, Benjamin B.; Okusu, Akiko] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Morse, Geoffrey E.] Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Krewinski, Amanda] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Linden, NJ 07036 USA. RP Normark, BB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 270 Stockbridge Rd, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bnormark@ent.umass.edu FU NSF [DEB-0447880]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-02310] FX We thank D. Windsor, M. Samaniego, D. Quintero Arias, E. Andrade, J. Herrera, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for facilitating our field work; the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) for collecting (SC/A-22-10) and export permits (SEX/A-19-11); H. Monaghan for technical assistance; B. Denno and D. R. Miller for hospitality and help with species identification; G. W. Watson, D. Ouvrard, J. H. Martin, and D. J. Williams for help with NHM specimen information; and D. R. Miller, L. Ross, Y. Basset, and anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported by NSF (DEB-0447880), the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2009-02310), and David Rockefeller. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 107 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1603/AN13110 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 284EO UT WOS:000329299100004 ER PT J AU Barnes, BF Meeker, JR Johnson, W Asaro, C Miller, DR Gandhi, KJK AF Barnes, Brittany F. Meeker, James R. Johnson, Wood Asaro, Christopher Miller, Daniel R. Gandhi, Kamal J. K. TI Trapping Techniques for Siricids and Their Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Siricidae and Ibaliidae) in the Southeastern United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ibalia leucospoides ensiger; parasitoid; Sirex nigricornis; Sirex noctilio; southeastern United States ID WOOD-BORING INSECTS; SIREX-NOCTILIO F; NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MULTIPLE-FUNNEL; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; PINUS-RADIATA; TRAPS; CERAMBYCIDAE; WOODWASPS AB The recent introduction of Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) into North America has raised interest in native siricids and their parasitoids to better understand the potential impact of S. noctilio. In the southeastern United States, we assessed various techniques to capture native siricids and their parasitoids using traps, lures, and trap trees. During 2009-2011, in total, 2,434 wasps were caught including Eriotremex formosanus (Matsumura), Sirex nigricornis (F.), Tremex columba (L.), and Urocerus cressoni (Norton) (Siricidae), and Ibalia leucospoides ensiger Norton (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). Traps and trap trees, respectively, captured 14 and 86% of total siricids and hymenopteran parasitoids. Majority of siricids (76%) were caught in Louisiana, where 486 I. l. ensiger (28% parasitism rate) were also reared from trap trees. The Sirex lure alone and Sirex lure with ethanol captured two to five times greater numbers of siricids than unbaited traps. Trap types had no effect on catches of siricids. Fewer siricids were caught in traps baited with ethanol alone than in those baited with other lures in Georgia. We caught three to four times greater numbers of S. nigricornis in traps with fresh pine billets (with foliage) as a lure than traps baited with Sirex lure in Louisiana. More S. nigricornis and I. l. ensiger emerged from cut and felled trap trees created in early rather than late November; these trees also had 14 times greater emergence than those treated with Dicamba. Our results indicate that use of host material and timing may be important for monitoring populations and communities of siricids and their parasitoid species in southern pine forests. C1 [Barnes, Brittany F.; Gandhi, Kamal J. K.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Meeker, James R.; Johnson, Wood] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Asaro, Christopher] Virginia Dept Forestry, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Miller, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Gandhi, KJK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kjgandhi@uga.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Request for Research and Technology Development Proposals to Improve the Management and Detection of Sirex noctilio; Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia FX We thank laboratory and field assistance provided by the entire Forest Entomology Laboratory at the University of Georgia; Billy Bruce, Kevin Dodds, Donald Duerr, Alex Mangini, Jacob Hudson, and Chris Steiner from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Forest Health Protection; and Chip Bates, James Johnson, and Eric Mosely from the Georgia Forestry Commission. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Financial support for the project was provided by the USDA Forest Service, 2009 Request for Research and Technology Development Proposals to Improve the Management and Detection of Sirex noctilio, and the Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 107 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1603/AN13036 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 284EO UT WOS:000329299100010 ER PT J AU French, BW Hammack, L AF French, B. Wade Hammack, Leslie TI Male Reproductive Competition and Components of Female Fitness in Relation to Body Size in Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE male competition; mate choice; fecundity; longevity; Diabrotica barberi ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; TRANSGENIC CORN; MATE CHOICE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; MATING-BEHAVIOR; SOUTH-DAKOTA AB In insects, larger males generally have a reproductive advantage over smaller males when competing for mating partners. We examined male reproductive competition together with precopulation and copulation durations, female longevity, and fecundity in the northern corn rootworm in relation to the body size of males and females that were combined for mating. Longevity and fecundity were determined for individually caged, mated females. Of the females in 108 combinations of two males and one female, 35 chose not to mate. Of the females in the 73 combinations that resulted in copulation, 38 were small and 35 were large. The proportions of large and small males that mated did not vary significantly with female size, but large males were more than twice as likely as small males to mate. The precopulation duration did not vary with either male or female size, and no interaction occurred between male and female size for either the precopulation or copulation duration. However, both male and female size affected the duration of copulation, with small males copulating longer than large males and large females copulating longer than small females. No female longevity or egg number differences occurred among the body size categories of the mating pairs. The implications of the results for insect resistance management are discussed, considering that the evolution of resistance to certain management strategies, such as resistance to the use of insecticides or of Bt maize, may be accompanied by changes in body size. C1 [French, B. Wade] USDA ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wade.french@ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 107 IS 1 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1603/AN13153 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 284EO UT WOS:000329299100029 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Bono, JL Kalchayanand, N AF Arthur, Terrance M. Bono, James L. Kalchayanand, Norasak TI Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains from Contaminated Raw Beef Trim during "High Event Periods" SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LAIRAGE ENVIRONMENT; HIDE CONTAMINATION; PROCESSING PLANTS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; UNITED-STATES; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; TRANSPORTATION; PREVALENCE AB The development and implementation of effective antimicrobial interventions by the beef processing industry in the United States have dramatically reduced the incidence of beef trim contamination by Escherichia coli O157: H7. However, individual processing plants still experience sporadic peaks in contamination rates where multiple E. coli O157: H7-positive lots are clustered in a short time frame. These peaks have been referred to as "high event periods" (HEP) of contamination. The results reported here detail the characterization of E. coli O157: H7 isolates from 21 HEP across multiple companies and processing plants to gain insight regarding the mechanisms causing these incidents. Strain genotypes were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and isolates were investigated for characteristics linking them to human illness. Through these analyses, it was determined that individual HEP show little to no diversity in strain genotypes. Hence, each HEP has one strain type that makes up most, if not all, of the contamination. This is shown to differ from the genotypic diversity of E. coli O157: H7 found on the hides of cattle entering processing plants. In addition, it was found that a large proportion (81%) of HEP are caused by strain types associated with human illness. These results pose a potential challenge to the current model for finished product contamination during beef processing. C1 [Arthur, Terrance M.; Bono, James L.; Kalchayanand, Norasak] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM Terrance.Arthur@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 80 IS 2 BP 506 EP 514 DI 10.1128/AEM.03192-13 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 282QK UT WOS:000329187100010 PM 24212567 ER PT J AU Ziemer, CJ AF Ziemer, Cherie J. TI Newly Cultured Bacteria with Broad Diversity Isolated from Eight-Week Continuous Culture Enrichments of Cow Feces on Complex Polysaccharides SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GUT; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; FECAL MICROBIOTA; ENERGY-SOURCES; DAIRY-COWS; STRAINS; RUMEN; METAGENOMICS; FERMENTATION; POPULATIONS AB One of the functions of the mammalian large intestinal microbiota is the fermentation of plant cell wall components. In ruminant animals, the majority of their nutrients are obtained via pregastric fermentation; however, up to 20% can be recovered from microbial fermentation in the large intestine. Eight-week continuous culture enrichments of cattle feces with cellulose and xylan-pectin were used to isolate bacteria from this community. A total of 459 bacterial isolates were classified phylogenetically using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Six phyla were represented: Firmicutes (51.9%), Bacteroidetes (30.9%), Proteobacteria (11.1%), Actinobacteria (3.5%), Synergistetes (1.5%), and Fusobacteria (1.1%). The majority of bacterial isolates had <98.5% identity to cultured bacteria with sequences in the Ribosomal Database Project and thus represent new species and/or genera. Within the Firmicutes isolates, most were classified in the families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Clostridiaceae I. The majority of the Bacteroidetes were most closely related to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, and B. xylanisolvens and members of the Porphyromonadaceae family. Many of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes isolates were related to species demonstrated to possess enzymes which ferment plant cell wall components; the others were hypothesized to cross-feed these bacteria. The microbial communities that arose in these enrichment cultures had broad bacterial diversity. With over 98% of the isolates not represented as previously cultured, there are new opportunities to study the genomic and metabolic capacities of these members of the complex intestinal microbiota. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Ziemer, CJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. EM cherie.ziemer@ars.usda.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, as part of the Intestinal Fortitude and Crystalline Cellulose Conversion to Glucose programs FX This research was supported by grants from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency as part of the Intestinal Fortitude and Crystalline Cellulose Conversion to Glucose programs. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 80 IS 2 BP 574 EP 585 DI 10.1128/AEM.03016-13 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 282QK UT WOS:000329187100017 PM 24212576 ER PT J AU Hasan, ST Zingg, JM Kwan, P Noble, T Smith, D Meydani, M AF Hasan, S. T. Zingg, J. -M. Kwan, P. Noble, T. Smith, D. Meydani, M. TI Curcumin modulation of high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and steatohepatosis in LDL receptor deficient mice SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Curcumin; FABP-4/aP2; CD36; Atherosclerosis; Fatty liver; Body weight; Ldlr(-/-); Mice ID ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PPAR-GAMMA; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; LIPID-ACCUMULATION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; UP-REGULATION; TNF-ALPHA; RAT-LIVER AB Objective: Consuming curcumin may benefit health by modulating lipid metabolism and suppressing atherogenesis. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP-4/aP2) and CD36 expression are key factors in lipid accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation in atherogenesis. Our earlier observations suggest that curcumin's suppression of atherogenesis might be mediated through changes in aP2 and CD36 expression in macrophages. Thus, this study aimed to further elucidate the impact of increasing doses of curcumin on modulation of these molecular mediators on high fat diet-induced atherogenesis, inflammation, and steatohepatosis in Ldlr(-/-) mice. Methods: Ldlr(-/-) mice were fed low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) diet supplemented with curcumin (500 HF + LC; 1000 HF + MC; 1500 HF + HC mg/kg diet) for 16 wks. Fecal samples were analyzed for total lipid content. Lipids accumulation in THP-1 cells and expression of aP2, CD36 and lipid accumulation in peritoneal macrophages were measured. Fatty streak lesions and expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 in descending aortas were quantified. Aortic root was stained for fatty and fibrotic deposits and for the expression of aP2 and VCAM-1. Total free fatty acids, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol as well as several inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma. The liver's total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL content were measured, and the presence of fat droplets, peri-portal fibrosis and glycogen was examined histologically. Results: Curcumin dose-dependently reduced uptake of oxLDL in THP-1 cells. Curcumin also reduced body weight gain and body fat without affecting fat distribution. During early intervention, curcumin decreased fecal fat, but at later stages, it increased fat excretion. Curcumin at medium doses of 500 -1000 mg/kg diet was effective at reducing fatty streak formation and suppressing aortic expression of IL-6 in the descending aorta and blood levels of several inflammatory cytokines, but at a higher dose (HF _ HC, 1500 mg/kg diet), it had adverse effects on some of these parameters. This U-shape like trend was also present when aortic root sections were examined histologically. However, at a high dose, curcumin suppressed development of steatohepatosis, reduced fibrotic tissue, and preserved glycogen levels in liver. Conclusion: Curcumin through a series of complex mechanisms, alleviated the adverse effects of high fat diet on weight gain, fatty liver development, dyslipidemia, expression of inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerosis in Ldlr(-/-) mouse model of human atherosclerosis. One of the mechanisms by which low dose curcumin modulates atherogenesis is through suppression of aP2 and CD36 expression in macrophages, which are the key players in atherogenesis. Overall, these effects of curcumin are dose-dependent; specifically, a medium dose of curcumin in HF diet appears to be more effective than a higher dose of curcumin. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hasan, S. T.; Zingg, J. -M.; Noble, T.; Meydani, M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, D.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kwan, P.] Tufts Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/U.S. Department of Agriculture [10248826/2009-02916]; USDA [58-1950-0-014] FX This material is based upon work supported by grant #10248826/2009-02916 National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/U.S. Department of Agriculture and a grant from the USDA under agreement #58-1950-0-014. We acknowledge that a portion of data presented in Fig. 6 is adopted from our own publication as listed reference #57 in this manuscript. The authors would like to thank Professor Angelo Azzi for his valuable advice and discussions and Stephanie Marco for her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 63 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 EI 1879-1484 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JAN PY 2014 VL 232 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.016 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282XW UT WOS:000329209100006 PM 24401215 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB Dudley, R Oliveira, EG Riveros, AJ AF Srygley, Robert B. Dudley, Robert Oliveira, Evandro G. Riveros, Andre J. TI El Nino, Host Plant Growth, and Migratory Butterfly Abundance in a Changing Climate SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; drought; ENSO; phenology; plant-insect interaction; tropical rain forest ID WIND DRIFT COMPENSATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; CHANGE PROJECTIONS; DRY SEASON; DYNAMICS; RAINFALL; ENSO; DEFORESTATION; CONSEQUENCES; FLUCTUATIONS AB In the wet forests of Panama, El Nino typically brings a more prolonged and severe dry season. Interestingly, many trees and lianas that comprise the wet forests increase their productivity as a response to El Nino. Here, we quantify the abundance of migrating Marpesia chiron butterflies over 17yr and the production of new leaves of their hostplants over 9yr to test the generality of the El Nino migration syndrome, i.e., whether increased abundance of migrating insects and productivity of their food plants are associated with El Nino and La Nina events. We find that the quantity of M. chiron migrating across the Panama Canal was directly proportional to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly of the Pacific Ocean, which characterizes El Nino and La Nina events. We also find that production of new leaves by its larval host trees, namely Brosimum alicastrum, Artocarpus altilis, and Ficus citrifolia, was directly proportional to the SST anomaly, with greater leaf flushing occurring during the period of the annual butterfly migration that followed an El Nino event. Combining these and our previously published results for the migratory butterfly Aphrissa statira and its host lianas, we conclude that dry season rainfall and photosynthetically active radiation can serve as primary drivers of larval food production and insect population outbreaks in Neotropical wet forests, with drier years resulting in enhanced plant productivity and herbivore abundance. Insect populations should closely track changes in both frequency and amplitude of the El Nino Southern Oscillation with climate change. C1 [Srygley, Robert B.] ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Srygley, Robert B.; Dudley, Robert; Riveros, Andre J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 2072, Panama. [Dudley, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oliveira, Evandro G.] Ctr Univ Una, Inst Ciencias Biol & Saude, BR-30180100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Riveros, Andre J.] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Fac Med, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, Bogota, Colombia. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov FU National Geographic Society Committeee for Research and Exploration; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Smithsonian Institution FX We thank Rafael Aizprua, Javier Hernandez, Felix Matias, and Nicole Z. Pelaez for assisting with the plant and butterfly censuses. We also thank J. Wright and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions to improve the paper. Grants from the National Geographic Society Committeee for Research and Exploration, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), and the Smithsonian Institution supported the research. The Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) granted permission to conduct the research in Panama. The Terrestrial Environmental Science Program at STRI provided the hydrological and radiation data. The Meteorological and Hydrological Branch of the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) provided beginning and end dates for the dry seasons. This research could not have been accomplished without the long-term weather data collected by ACP and STRI, and we thank these institutions for their continuing efforts. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2014 VL 46 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1111/btp.12081 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284BB UT WOS:000329289900012 ER PT J AU Ohms, HA Sloat, MR Reeves, GH Jordan, CE Dunham, JB AF Ohms, Haley A. Sloat, Matthew R. Reeves, Gordon H. Jordan, Chris E. Dunham, Jason B. TI Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ARCTIC CHAR; MASU SALMON; SALAR; POPULATION; GROWTH; SALVELINUS; MATURATION AB In partially migratory species, such as Oncorhynchus mykiss, the emergence of life history phenotypes is often attributed to fitness trade-offs associated with growth and survival. Fitness trade-offs can be linked to reproductive tactics that vary between the sexes, as well as the influence of environmental conditions. We found that O. mykiss outmigrants are more likely to be female in nine populations throughout western North America (grand mean 65% female), in support of the hypothesis that anadromy is more likely to benefit females. This bias was not related to migration distance or freshwater productivity, as indicated by latitude. Within one O. mykiss population we also measured the resident sex ratio and did not observe a male bias, despite a high female bias among outmigrants in that system. We provide a simulation to demonstrate the relationship between sex ratios and the proportion of anadromy and show how sex ratios could be a valuable tool for predicting the prevalence of life history types in a population. C1 [Ohms, Haley A.; Sloat, Matthew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ohms, HA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM haley.ohms@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [2003-017]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon FX Funding for this work was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 2003-017 to C. Jordan) and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, to G. Reeves. C. Lorion, D. Wiley, E. Suring, C. Hannon, D. Wright, C. Anderson, S. Ricker, K. DeHart, R. D. Nelle, T. Desgroseillier, M. Briggs, C. Beasley, C. Rabe, D. Love, and their field crews generously collected outmigrants. I. Garrett, L. Miller, A. Romney, B. Ramirez, A. Lindsley, P. St. Clair, and the Kerrins family made the SF John Day collection possible. D. Trovillion, D. Batson, and C. Salazar processed and aged scales and otoliths. P. Swanson and M. Middleton aided with histology, A. Elz championed the genetics effort, N. Som helped with the study design, K. Ronnenberg provided graphical and editorial assistance, and K. Christiansen provided mapping and GIS assistance. The manuscript benefited greatly from the comments of three anonymous reviewers. This work was conducted under ACUP permit number 4185 authorized by Oregon State University and under NOAA permit number 16576. Use of trade or firm names is for user information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0274 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900007 ER PT J AU Robbins, A Anand, M Nicholas, DC Egan, JS Musser, KA Giguere, S Prince, H Beaufait, HE Sears, SD Borda, J Dietz, D Collaro, T Evans, P Seys, SA Kissler, BW AF Robbins, Amy Anand, Madhu Nicholas, David C. Egan, Jessica S. Musser, Kimberlee A. Giguere, Steve Prince, Hal Beaufait, Henrietta E. Sears, Stephen D. Borda, James Dietz, Debbie Collaro, Thomas Evans, Peter Seys, Scott A. Kissler, Bonnie W. TI Ground Beef Recall Associated with Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Robbins, Amy; Sears, Stephen D.] Maine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Augusta, ME USA. [Anand, Madhu; Nicholas, David C.; Egan, Jessica S.; Musser, Kimberlee A.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Giguere, Steve; Prince, Hal; Beaufait, Henrietta E.] Maine Dept Agr, Augusta, GA USA. [Borda, James] USDA, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Dietz, Debbie] USDA, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Collaro, Thomas] USDA, Waltham, MA USA. [Evans, Peter] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Seys, Scott A.] USDA, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Kissler, Bonnie W.] USDA, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Robbins, A (reprint author), Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 286 Water St,8th Floor,11 State House Stn, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM Amy.robbins@maine.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.3201/eid2001.130915 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 283UI UT WOS:000329272100035 PM 24377832 ER PT J AU Souza, VL de Almeida, AAF Souza, JD Mangabeira, PAO de Jesus, RM Pirovani, CP Ahnert, D Baligar, VC Loguercio, LL AF Souza, Vania L. de Almeida, Alex-Alan F. Souza, Jadiel de S. Mangabeira, Pedro A. O. de Jesus, Raildo M. Pirovani, Carlos P. Ahnert, Dario Baligar, Virupax C. Loguercio, Leandro L. TI Altered physiology, cell structure, and gene expression of Theobroma cacao seedlings subjected to Cu toxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cacao; Heavy metal; Lipid peroxidation; Photosynthesis; Ultrastructure; Gene expression ID HEAVY-METAL DETOXIFICATION; VULGARE SUBSP-HIRTUM; COPPER TOXICITY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; EXCESS COPPER; HIGHER-PLANTS; IN-VIVO; TOLERANCE; STRESS AB Seedlings of Theobroma cacao CCN 51 genotype were grown under greenhouse conditions and exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu (0.005, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg Cu L-1) in nutrient solution. When doses were equal or higher than 8 mg Cu L-1, after 24 h of treatment application, leaf gas exchange was highly affected and changes in chloroplasts thylakoids of leaf mesophyll cells and plasmolysis of cells from the root cortical region were observed. In addition, cell membranes of roots and leaves were damaged. In leaves, 96 h after treatments started, increases in the percentage of electrolyte leakage through membranes were observed with increases of Cu in the nutrient solution. Moreover, there was an increase in the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in roots due to lipid peroxidation of membranes. Chemical analysis showed that increases in Cu concentrations in vegetative organs of T. cacao increased with the increase of the metal in the nutrient solution, but there was a greater accumulation of Cu in roots than in shoots. The excess of Cu interfered in the levels of Mn, Zn, Fe, Mg, K, and Ca in different organs of T. cacao. Analysis of gene expression via RTq-PCR showed increased levels of MT2b, SODCyt, and PER-1 expression in roots and of MT2b, PSBA, PSBO, SODCyt, and SODChI in leaves. Hence, it was concluded that Cu in nutrient solution at doses equal or above 8 mg L-1 significantly affected leaf gas exchange, cell ultrastructure, and transport of mineral nutrients in seedlings of this T. cacao genotype. C1 [Souza, Vania L.] Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Bahia, Dept Ensino, BR-44900000 Irece, BA, Brazil. [de Almeida, Alex-Alan F.; Souza, Jadiel de S.; Mangabeira, Pedro A. O.; Pirovani, Carlos P.; Ahnert, Dario; Loguercio, Leandro L.] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [de Jesus, Raildo M.] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Tecnol, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Baligar, Virupax C.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP de Almeida, AAF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Rod BR 415,Km 16, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. EM vlsbio@yahoo.com.br; alexalan.uesc@gmail.com; jadielsantana_@hotmail.com; pmangabeira@uesc.br; raildomota@gmail.com; pirovanicp@gmail.com; darioa@uesc.br; v.c.baligar@ars.usda.gov; leandro@uesc.br FU FAPESB (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia); USDA; UESC; FUNPAB; MARS Cacau Inc. FX We thank Mr. Alberto Jose dos Santos Junior and Ms. Valeria Ferreira Fernandes of the Electron Microscopy Center-UESC for the technical assistance on EM. V. L. Souza was supported by FAPESB (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia). This work was funded by a grant from USDA, within an international cooperative agreement with CEPLAC, UESC, FUNPAB, and MARS Cacau Inc. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 2 BP 1217 EP 1230 DI 10.1007/s11356-013-1983-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283KA UT WOS:000329243700040 PM 23888348 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Guerrant, T Dunn, G Beckerman, SF Anchor, C AF Engeman, Richard M. Guerrant, Travis Dunn, Glen Beckerman, Scott F. Anchor, Chris TI Benefits to rare plants and highway safety from annual population reductions of a "native invader," white-tailed deer, in a Chicago-area woodland SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deer cull; Deer-vehicle collisions; Endangered species; Orchids; Sweet fern ID VIRGINIANUS ZIMM. HERBIVORY; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; ROAD-KILLS; COMMUNITIES AB Overabundant white-tailed deer are one of the most serious threats to woodland plant communities in the Chicago area. Moreover, the abundant deer in a highly populated area causes economic harm and poses hazards to human safety through collisions with vehicles. The artificial conditions causing the overabundance and resulting consequences qualify the white-tailed deer in the Chicago area to be considered as "native invaders". We examined the benefits of culling deer at a Chicago-area woodland preserve by comparing browse rates on four endangered plant species from years before culling began with years with culling. We also examined deer-vehicle collision and traffic flow rates on area roads from years before culling began and years with culling to assess whether population reductions may have benefited road safety in the area. All four endangered plant species (three orchid species and sweet fern) had lower browse rates in years with culls, although the decreased browsing rates were statistically distinguishable for only two of the species (grass pink orchid and sweet fern). After first verifying that traffic flow rates did not decrease from pre-cull years to years with culls, we analyzed the Illinois Department of Transportation data from area roads based on deer-vehicle collisions causing > US$500 in damage and showed a one-third reduction in deer-vehicle collisions. An economic analysis showed a cost savings during the cull years of US$0.6 million for reducing browsing to just these four monitored plant species and the reduction in deer-vehicle collisions. C1 [Engeman, Richard M.] USDA APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Guerrant, Travis; Dunn, Glen; Beckerman, Scott F.] USDA APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Springfield, IL 62711 USA. [Anchor, Chris] Forest Preserve Dist Cook Cty, Elgin, IL 60120 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 2 BP 1592 EP 1597 DI 10.1007/s11356-013-2056-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283KA UT WOS:000329243700076 PM 23943081 ER PT J AU Reid, KF Pasha, E Doros, G Clark, DJ Patten, C Phillips, EM Frontera, WR Fielding, RA AF Reid, Kieran F. Pasha, Evan Doros, Gheorghe Clark, David J. Patten, Carolynn Phillips, Edward M. Frontera, Walter R. Fielding, Roger A. TI Longitudinal decline of lower extremity muscle power in healthy and mobility-limited older adults: influence of muscle mass, strength, composition, neuromuscular activation and single fiber contractile properties SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aging; Lower extremity muscle power; Single muscle fiber; Longitudinal ID PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BATTERY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE; SUBSEQUENT DISABILITY; SARCOMERE LENGTH; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; GAIT SPEED; LEG POWER; WOMEN AB This longitudinal study examined the major physiological mechanisms that determine the age-related loss of lower extremity muscle power in two distinct groups of older humans. We hypothesized that after similar to 3 years of follow-up, mobility-limited older adults (mean age: 77.2 +/- A 4, n = 22, 12 females) would have significantly greater reductions in leg extensor muscle power compared to healthy older adults (74.1 +/- A 4, n = 26, 12 females). Mid-thigh muscle size and composition were assessed using computed tomography. Neuromuscular activation was quantified using surface electromyography and vastus lateralis single muscle fibers were studied to evaluate intrinsic muscle contractile properties. At follow-up, the overall magnitude of muscle power loss was similar between groups: mobility-limited: -8.5 % vs. healthy older: -8.8 %, P > 0.8. Mobility-limited elders had significant reductions in muscle size (-3.8 %, P < 0.01) and strength (-5.9 %, P < 0.02), however, these parameters were preserved in healthy older (P a parts per thousand yen 0.7). Neuromuscular activation declined significantly within healthy older, but not in mobility-limited participants. Within both groups, the cross-sectional areas of type I and IIA muscle fibers were preserved while substantial increases in single fiber peak force (> 30 %), peak power (> 200 %) and unloaded shortening velocity (> 50 %) were elicited at follow-up. Different physiological mechanisms contribute to the loss of lower extremity muscle power in healthy older and mobility-limited older adults. Neuromuscular changes may be the critical early determinant of muscle power deficits with aging. In response to major whole muscle decrements, major compensatory mechanisms occur within the contractile properties of surviving single muscle fibers in an attempt to restore overall muscle power and function with advancing age. C1 [Reid, Kieran F.; Pasha, Evan; Phillips, Edward M.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Reid, Kieran F.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Clin Med, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Doros, Gheorghe] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Clark, David J.; Patten, Carolynn] Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Clark, David J.] Univ Florida, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Patten, Carolynn] Univ Florida, Dept Phys Therapy, Gainesville, FL USA. [Phillips, Edward M.; Frontera, Walter R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. [Phillips, Edward M.; Frontera, Walter R.] Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil & Physiol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kieran.reid@tufts.edu; roger.fielding@tufts.edu RI Patten, Carolynn/B-4804-2009 OI Patten, Carolynn/0000-0002-9948-0045 FU National Institute on Aging [AG18844]; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; Boston Rehabilitation Outcomes Center; NIH Infrastructure [1R24HD065688-01A1] FX This research was supported by the National Institute on Aging grant number AG18844 and based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 58-1950-0-014. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. This research was also supported by the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679) and the Boston Rehabilitation Outcomes Center, funded by NIH Infrastructure Grant (1R24HD065688-01A1). This manuscript contributes to the requirements of a Ph.D. thesis supervised by Dr. Michael A. Conway, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 EI 1439-6327 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 114 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00421-013-2728-2 PG 11 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 283FW UT WOS:000329232400004 PM 24122149 ER PT J AU Bahls, M Sheldon, RD Taheripour, P Clifford, KA Foust, KB Breslin, ED Marchant-Forde, JN Cabot, RA Harold Laughlin, M Bidwell, CA Newcomer, SC AF Bahls, Martin Sheldon, Ryan D. Taheripour, Pardis Clifford, Kerry A. Foust, Kallie B. Breslin, Emily D. Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N. Cabot, Ryan A. Harold Laughlin, M. Bidwell, Christopher A. Newcomer, Sean C. TI Mother's exercise during pregnancy programmes vasomotor function in adult offspring SO EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-PROTEIN RESTRICTION; HIGH-FAT DIET; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SWINE; ENDOTHELIUM-INDEPENDENT RELAXATION; GENE-EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION; MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB The intrauterine environment is influenced by maternal behaviour and programmes atherosclerotic disease susceptibility in offspring. The aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that mothers' exercise during pregnancy improves endothelial function in 3-, 5- and 9-month-old porcine offspring. The pregnant sows in the exercise group ran for an average of 39.35 +/- 0.75 min at 4.81 +/- 0.35 km h(-1) each day for 5 days per week for all but the last week of gestation. This induced a significant reduction in resting heart rate (exercised group, 89.3 +/- 3.5 beats min(-1); sedentary group, 102.1 +/- 3.1 beats min(-1); P < 0.05) but no significant differences in gestational weight gain (65.8 +/- 2.1 versus 63.3 +/- 1.9%). No significant effect on bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation with and without l-NAME was observed. A significant main effect was identified on sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation (P= 0.01), manifested by a reduced response in femoral arteries of all age groups from exercised-trained swine. Nitric oxide signalling was not affected by maternal exercise. Protein expression of MYPT1 was reduced in femoral arteries from 3-month-old offspring of exercised animals. A significant interaction was observed for PPP1R14A (P < 0.05) transcript abundance and its protein product CPI-17. In conclusion, pregnant swine are able to complete an exercise-training protocol that matches the current recommendations for pregnant women. Gestational exercise is a potent stimulus for programming vascular smooth muscle relaxation in adult offspring. Specifically, exercise training for the finite duration of pregnancy decreases vascular smooth muscle responsiveness in adult offspring to an exogenous nitric oxide donor. C1 [Bahls, Martin; Taheripour, Pardis; Clifford, Kerry A.; Breslin, Emily D.; Newcomer, Sean C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Foust, Kallie B.; Cabot, Ryan A.; Bidwell, Christopher A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bahls, Martin] Univ Med Greifswald, Klin Innere Med B, Greifswald, Germany. [Sheldon, Ryan D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Nutr & Exercise Physiol, Columbia, MO USA. [Harold Laughlin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Newcomer, Sean C.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Kinesiol, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. RP Newcomer, SC (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Kinesiol, 333 South Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. EM snewcomer@csusm.edu; snewcomer@csusm.edu OI Sheldon, Ryan/0000-0002-1573-9719; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 FU American Heart Association [12SDG8540001] FX This study was supported by the American Heart Association grant #12SDG8540001 (to S.C.N.). R. D. S. is a University of Missouri Molecular Life Sciences Fellow. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0958-0670 EI 1469-445X J9 EXP PHYSIOL JI Exp. Physiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 99 IS 1 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.075978 PG 15 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 286CH UT WOS:000329441600023 PM 24163423 ER PT J AU Maranghides, A Mell, W Ridenour, K McNamara, D AF Maranghides, Alexander Mell, William Ridenour, Karen McNamara, Derek TI Initial Reconnaissance of the 2011 Wildland-Urban Interface Fires in Amarillo, Texas SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildland urban interface; WUI; Fire behavior; Community fires; Amarillo fires; WUI data collection methodology AB On February 27, 2011, a fire began in the outskirts of Amarillo, Texas, that destroyed or damaged buildings in three housing developments. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), as part of its Disaster and Failure Studies Program, deployed a team within 44 h of ignition to conduct an initial reconnaissance to document the fire event losses and fire behavior. The deployment was conducted jointly with the Texas Forest Service. Of interest to the NIST deployment was the fire behavior and effects on fire losses of topographical features, structure construction and defensive actions. The two communities initially evaluated were the Willow Creek South Complex and the Tanglewood Complex. Within 72 h after data collection initiation, the Tanglewood fire became the focus of the deployment. Additionally, destroyed and damaged structure data were collected to support the local and state damage assessment efforts. The Tanglewood Complex wildland-urban interface fire was responsible for the destruction of approximately 101 structures including 35 residences. The overall objectives of this study are to establish the likely technical factor or factors responsible for the damage, failure, and/or successful performance of buildings and/or infrastructure in the aftermath of the fire, and to recommend, as necessary, specific improvements to standards, codes, and practices based on study findings. This study also may be used to define areas of future research. This summary paper addresses the particulars of the deployment and the data collection methodology used. A second more detailed technical paper will provide the event timeline reconstruction and general fire behavior observations as well as investigate the impacts of structure attributes, landscaping characteristics, topographical features and wildland fire exposure on structure survivability. C1 [Maranghides, Alexander] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mell, William] US Forest Serv, Fire & Environm Res Applicat Team, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Ridenour, Karen] Texas Forest Serv, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. [McNamara, Derek] McNamara Consulting, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Maranghides, A (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maranghides@gmail.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 SI SI BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0287-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 283FX UT WOS:000329232500008 ER PT J AU Wang, YY Zhang, L Johnson, J Gao, MX Tang, J Powers, JR Wang, SJ AF Wang, Yunyang Zhang, Li Johnson, Judy Gao, Mengxiang Tang, Juming Powers, Joseph R. Wang, Shaojin TI Developing Hot Air-Assisted Radio Frequency Drying for In-shell Macadamia Nuts SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Macadamia nuts; Drying; Radio frequency; Drying kinetics; Quality ID INSECT CONTROL; MICROWAVE TREATMENTS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; SPOUTED BED; WALNUTS; QUALITY; RADIOFREQUENCY; ENERGY; HEAT; DISINFESTATION AB Dehydration reduces water activity and extends shelf life of perishable agricultural products. The purpose of this research was to study the application of radio frequency (RF) energy in dehydration of in-shell Macadamia nuts and shorten the lengthy process times needed in conventional hot air drying operations. A pilot scale 27.12-MHz and 6-kW RF system was used to determine the operational parameters, the drying curve, and the quality attributes of the processed nuts. The results showed that an electrode gap of 15.5 cm and a hot air temperature of 50 A degrees C provided an acceptable heating rate and stable sample temperatures, and were used for further drying tests. The drying curves showed an exponential decay and required 750 and 360 min to achieve the final moisture content of 0.030 kg water/kg dry solid (3.0 % dry basis) in whole nuts in hot air drying and RF heating/hot air combined drying, respectively. The drying kinetics of the nuts were described well by the Page model for hot air drying, but a logarithmic model was more suited for RF/hot air drying. Peroxide value and free fatty acid increased with the drying time both for hot air and RF drying but remained within acceptable range required by the nut industry. The RF process shows potential to provide rapid, uniform, and quality-acceptable drying technology for the nut industry. C1 [Wang, Yunyang; Zhang, Li] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Johnson, Judy] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Gao, Mengxiang] Yangtze Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jinzhou 434025, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Tang, Juming; Wang, Shaojin] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Powers, Joseph R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wang, Shaojin] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, SJ (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM shaojinwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 FU WSU Agricultural Research Center; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171761]; Yangling International Academy of Modern Agriculture FX This research was conducted in the Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University (WSU), supported by grants from WSU Agricultural Research Center, and partially provided by the general program (grant no. 31171761) of National Natural Science Foundation of China and seed grant of Yangling International Academy of Modern Agriculture. We thank Island Princess Macadamia Nut Company, in Hawaii, USA for providing Macadamia nuts. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 EI 1935-5149 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s11947-013-1055-2 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 283LC UT WOS:000329246600024 ER PT J AU Kearns, RD Conlon, KM Valenta, AL Lord, GC Cairns, CB Holmes, JH Johnson, DD Matherly, AF Sawyer, D Skarote, MB Siler, SM Helminiak, RADMC Cairns, BA AF Kearns, Randy D. Conlon, Kathe M. Valenta, Andrea L. Lord, Graydon C. Cairns, Charles B. Holmes, James H. Johnson, Daryhl D., II Matherly, Annette F. Sawyer, Dalton Skarote, Mary Beth Siler, Sean M. Helminiak, R. A. D. M. Clare Cairns, Bruce A. TI Disaster Planning: The Basics of Creating a Burn Mass Casualty Disaster Plan for a Burn Center SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID URBAN BOMBING INCIDENTS; AFFECT TRAUMA CARE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; TERRORIST ATTACK; JAPAN EARTHQUAKE; DEVELOPING-WORLD; SOUTHERN REGION; NIGHTCLUB FIRE; NORTH-CAROLINA AB In 2005, the American Burn Association published burn disaster guidelines. This work recognized that local and state assets are the most important resources in the initial 24- to 48-hour management of a burn disaster. Historical experiences suggest there is ample opportunity to improve local and state preparedness for a major burn disaster. This review will focus on the basics of developing a burn surge disaster plan for a mass casualty event. In the event of a disaster, burn centers must recognize their place in the context of local and state disaster plan activation. Planning for a burn center takes on three forms; institutional/intrafacility, interfacility/intrastate, and interstate/regional. Priorities for a burn disaster plan include: coordination, communication, triage, plan activation (trigger point), surge, and regional capacity. Capacity and capability of the plan should be modeled and exercised to determine limitations and identify breaking points. When there is more than one burn center in a given state or jurisdiction, close coordination and communication between the burn centers are essential for a successful response. Burn surge mass casualty planning at the facility and specialty planning levels, including a state burn surge disaster plan, must have interface points with governmental plans. Local, state, and federal governmental agencies have key roles and responsibilities in a burn mass casualty disaster. This work will include a framework and critical concepts any burn disaster planning effort should consider when developing future plans. C1 [Kearns, Randy D.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, North Carolina Burn Disaster Program, EMS Performance Improvement Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Conlon, Kathe M.] St Barnabas Burn Fdn, St Barnabas Med Ctr, Livingston, NJ USA. [Valenta, Andrea L.] MedStar Washington Hosp Ctr, ER Inst 1, Washington, DC USA. [Lord, Graydon C.] USDA, Emergency Care Coordinat Ctr, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Cairns, Charles B.; Siler, Sean M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Holmes, James H.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, WFBMC Burn Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Johnson, Daryhl D., II] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Trauma & Crit Care Surg, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Matherly, Annette F.] Univ Utah Hlth Care, Burn Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Sawyer, Dalton] Univ N Carolina, Raleigh, NC USA. [Skarote, Mary Beth] North Carolina Off EMS, Hosp Preparedness Program, Raleigh, NC USA. [Helminiak, R. A. D. M. Clare] US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Management, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Cairns, Bruce A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Kearns, RD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. OI Kearns, Randy/0000-0003-2037-0108 FU US DHHS/ASPR Hospital Preparedness Program through the North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services [CDC-RFA-TP12-1201, 00027162] FX This work is supported in part by the US DHHS/ASPR Hospital Preparedness Program Grant CDC-RFA-TP12-1201 through the North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services Contract 00027162. NR 99 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X EI 1559-0488 J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP E1 EP E13 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31829afe25 PG 13 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 284ED UT WOS:000329298000002 PM 23877135 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Li, GW Stasko, J Thomas, JT Stensland, WR Pillatzki, AE Gauger, PC Schwartz, KJ Madson, D Yoon, KJ Stevenson, GW Burrough, ER Harmon, KM Main, RG Zhang, JQ AF Chen, Qi Li, Ganwu Stasko, Judith Thomas, Joseph T. Stensland, Wendy R. Pillatzki, Angela E. Gauger, Phillip C. Schwartz, Kent J. Madson, Darin Yoon, Kyoung-Jin Stevenson, Gregory W. Burrough, Eric R. Harmon, Karen M. Main, Rodger G. Zhang, Jianqiang TI Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses Associated with the 2013 Disease Outbreak among Swine in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPIKE PROTEIN; CHINA; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; PARTICLES; GENES AB Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was detected in May 2013 for the first time in U. S. swine and has since caused significant economic loss. Obtaining a U. S. PEDV isolate that can grow efficiently in cell culture is critical for investigating pathogenesis and developing diagnostic assays and for vaccine development. An additional objective was to determine which gene(s) of PEDV is most suitable for studying the genetic relatedness of the virus. Here we describe two PEDV isolates (ISU13-19338E and ISU13-22038) successfully obtained from the small intestines of piglets from sow farms in Indiana and Iowa, respectively. The two isolates have been serially propagated in cell culture for over 30 passages and were characterized for the first 10 passages. Virus production in cell culture was confirmed by PEDV-specific real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence assays, and electron microscopy. The infectious titers of the viruses during the first 10 passages ranged from 6 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/ml. In addition, the full-length genome sequences of six viruses (ISU13-19338E homogenate, P3, and P9; ISU13-22038 homogenate, P3, and P9) were determined. Genetically, the two PEDV isolates were relatively stable during the first 10 passages in cell culture. Sequences were also compared to those of 4 additional U. S. PEDV strains and 23 non-U. S. strains. All U. S. PEDV strains were genetically closely related to each other (>= 99.7% nucleotide identity) and were most genetically similar to Chinese strains reported in 2011 to 2012. Phylogenetic analyses using different genes of PEDV suggested that the full-length spike gene or the S1 portion is appropriate for sequencing to study the genetic relatedness of these viruses. C1 [Chen, Qi; Li, Ganwu; Thomas, Joseph T.; Stensland, Wendy R.; Pillatzki, Angela E.; Gauger, Phillip C.; Schwartz, Kent J.; Madson, Darin; Yoon, Kyoung-Jin; Stevenson, Gregory W.; Burrough, Eric R.; Harmon, Karen M.; Main, Rodger G.; Zhang, Jianqiang] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stasko, Judith] ARS, Microscopy Serv Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Zhang, JQ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jqzhang@iastate.edu FU Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; Zoetis; J.Z.'s start-up fund FX This study was supported by the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and J.Z.'s start-up fund. Q.C. was partially supported by a fellowship sponsored by Zoetis. NR 32 TC 105 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 1 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1128/JCM.02820-13 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 283CM UT WOS:000329222400034 PM 24197882 ER PT J AU Denver, JM Ator, SW Lang, MW Fisher, TR Gustafson, AB Fox, R Clune, JW McCarty, GW AF Denver, J. M. Ator, S. W. Lang, M. W. Fisher, T. R. Gustafson, A. B. Fox, R. Clune, J. W. McCarty, G. W. TI Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Chesapeake Bay; denitrification; depressional wetlands; groundwater; wetland conservation practices ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GROUND-WATER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RIVER ESTUARY; DENITRIFICATION; STREAM; QUALITY; CONTAMINATION; CHEMISTRY; HYDROLOGY AB Understanding local groundwater hydrology and geochemistry is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of wetlands at mitigating agricultural impacts on surface waters. The effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrate (NO3) transport from fertilized row crops, through groundwater, to local streams was examined in the watershed of the upper Choptank River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Hydrologic, geochemical, and water quality data were collected from January of 2008 through December of 2009 from surface waters and networks of piezometers installed in and around current or former depressional wetlands of three major types along a gradient of anthropogenic alteration: (1) natural wetlands with native vegetation (i.e., forested); (2) prior-converted croplands, which are former wetlands located in cultivated fields; and (3) hydrologically restored wetlands, including one wetland restoration and one shallow water management area. These data were collected to estimate the orientation of groundwater flow paths and likely interactions of groundwater containing NO3 from agricultural sources with reducing conditions associated with wetlands of different types. Natural wetlands were found to have longer periods of soil saturation and reducing conditions conducive to denitrification compared to the other wetland types studied. Because natural wetlands are typically located in groundwater recharge areas along watershed divides, nitrogen (N) from nearby agriculture was not intercepted. However, these wetlands likely improve water quality in adjacent streams via dilution. Soil and geochemical conditions conducive to denitrification were also present in restored wetlands and prior-converted croplands, and substantial losses of agricultural NO3 were observed in groundwater flowing through these wetland sediments. However, delivery of NO3 from agricultural areas through groundwater to these wetlands resulting in opportunities for denitrification were limited, particularly where reducing conditions did not extend throughout the entire thickness of the surficial aquifer allowing NO3 to pass conservatively beneath a wetland along deeper groundwater flow paths. The complexity of N fate and transport associated with depressional wetlands complicates the understanding of their importance to water quality in adjacent streams. Although depressional wetlands often contribute low NO3 water to local streams, their effectiveness as landscape sinks, for N from adjacent agriculture varies with natural conditions, such as the thickness of the aquifer and the extent of reducing conditions. Measurement of such natural geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical conditions are therefore fundamental to understanding N mitigation in individual wetlands. C1 [Denver, J. M.; Clune, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Dover, DE USA. [Ator, S. W.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lang, M. W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fisher, T. R.; Gustafson, A. B.; Fox, R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [McCarty, G. W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Denver, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dover, DE USA. FU Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); National Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP-Wetlands); National Science Foundation [NSF 0919181] FX The authors would like to thank the property owners who graciously allowed us access to their properties for this study. Funding was provided by the Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), National Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP-Wetlands), and augmented with partial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF 0919181). We would like to thank Diane Eckles and William Effland, USDA NRCS CEAP-Wetland Science Coordinators, retired and current, respectively, for their support of this project. Thanks are also given to the many people who assisted with project design, network installation, data collection and report preparation including: Owen McDonough, Robert Oesterling, Ken Staver, and Stuart Cawley of the University of Maryland at College Park; Walter Stracke of USDA ARS (retired); Deb Bringman, Michael Brownley, Frank Danner (retired), and Dan Phelan (retired), and Jessica Carpenter of USGS Maryland Delaware District of Columbia Water Science Center; and Robert Rossman of the USGS New Jersey Water Science Center. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 54 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 284HZ UT WOS:000329308200005 ER PT J AU Goslee, S Sanderson, M Spaeth, K Herrick, J Ogles, K AF Goslee, Sarah Sanderson, Matt Spaeth, Kenneth Herrick, Jeffrey Ogles, Kevin TI An ecologically based landscape classification system for monitoring and assessment of pastures SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT; RANGELANDS C1 [Goslee, Sarah] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Sanderson, Matt] USDA ARS, Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND USA. [Spaeth, Kenneth] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Herrick, Jeffrey] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Ogles, Kevin] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, East Natl Technol Support Ctr, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Goslee, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 17A EP 21A DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.17A PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 284HZ UT WOS:000329308200003 ER PT J AU Pote, DH Meisinger, JJ AF Pote, D. H. Meisinger, J. J. TI Effect of poultry litter application method on ammonia volatilization from a conservation tillage system SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ammonia volatilization; conservation tillage; manure application method; manure nitrogen loss; poultry litter; subsurface application ID APPLIED CATTLE SLURRY; NITROGEN; MANURE; GRASSLAND; EMISSIONS; LOSSES; WATER; FIELD; SOIL; TEMPERATURE AB Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from agricultural fields is important economically as a direct loss of the valuable crop nutrient nitrogen (N), but it can also be a significant environmental concern for soil, air, and water quality of nearby ecosystems. As poultry production has expanded in cropland areas of the southeastern United States, poultry litter has become a major source of crop nutrients for farmers using conservation tillage systems. However, the conventional application method of broadcasting poultry litter on the soil surface can allow as much as 60% of the applied litter N to volatilize as NH3. To provide management options that can prevent NH3 losses and help farmers use poultry litter nutrients more efficiently, a research team at USDA's Agricultural Research Service developed a prototype tractor-drawn implement for subsurface application of dry poultry litter in perennial pasture and conservation tillage systems. When compared to surface broadcasting, previous research showed that subsurface application of poultry litter decreased odor problems, increased crop yields, prevented more than 90% of nutrient losses in runoff, and prevented NH3 volatilization from perennial pasture systems. The current study was conducted to expand our knowledge regarding the effect of this litter application method on NH3 volatilization from row-crop conservation tillage systems. For two consecutive summers, field plots with a uniform high-residue surface cover of chopped wheat straw received about 5,000 kg ha(-1) (4,500 lb ac(-1)) of poultry litter applied by surface spreading with no incorporation, surface spreading followed by light disking, or subsurface banding using the prototype USDA ARS applicator. Small mobile wind tunnels monitored NH3 volatilization for at least five days after each litter treatment. Results for both years showed that NH3 losses were consistently affected by diurnal variations that were closely related to the vapor pressure deficit. Compared to conventional surface spreading of poultry litter, NH3 volatilization decreased an average of 67% when the litter application was followed by light disking, and decreased an average of 88% when the litter was applied below the soil surface using the prototype applicator. These data show that subsurface injection of dry poultry litter can preserve adequate surface cover for conservation needs while constraining NH3 losses to minimal levels, thus conserving N for row crops and reducing potential nitrogen losses to the environment. C1 [Pote, D. H.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Meisinger, J. J.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Pote, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 33 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.17 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 284HZ UT WOS:000329308200006 ER PT J AU White, MJ Santhi, C Kannan, N Arnold, JG Harmel, D Norfleet, L Allen, P DiLuzio, M Wang, X Atwood, J Haney, E Johnson, MV AF White, M. J. Santhi, C. Kannan, N. Arnold, J. G. Harmel, D. Norfleet, L. Allen, P. DiLuzio, M. Wang, X. Atwood, J. Haney, E. Johnson, M. Vaughn TI Nutrient delivery from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and effects of cropland conservation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation; Conservation Effects Assessment Project; Gulf of Mexico; Soil and Water Assessment Tool; Mississippi; nutrient ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MODEL; SOIL; SIMULATION; BASINS; UNCERTAINTY; DIRECTIONS; VALIDATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Excessive nutrients transported from the Mississippi River Basin (MRB) have created a hypoxic zone within the Gulf of Mexico, with numerous negative ecological effects. Furthermore, federal expenditures on agricultural conservation practices have received intense scrutiny in recent years. Partly driven by these factors, the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) recently completed a comprehensive evaluation of nutrient sources and delivery to the Gulf. The modeling framework used in the CEAP Cropland National Assessment, or Cropland CEAP, consists of the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models. This CEAP modeling framework was successfully calibrated for flow, sediment, and nutrients at 38 sites and validated at an additional 17. Simulation results indicated that cultivated cropland was the dominant source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to both local waters and the Gulf, but this was not true for each water resource region within the MRB. In addition, the results showed that point sources remain significant contributors of P loads, especially in the Tennessee and Arkansas/Red River basins where point source P loads exceeded those from cultivated cropland. Similarly, urban nonpoint sources were significant nutrient sources. The Upper Mississippi, Lower Mississippi, and Ohio basins contributed the largest amounts of nutrients delivered to the Gulf. The high delivery areas near the Mississippi River main stem, from which 87% of N and 90% of P was predicted to reach the Gulf, also coincided with elevated nutrient yields to local waters. Conservation practices established on agricultural lands within the MRB were predicted to have reduced nutrient loads to the Gulf by 20% as compared with a no conservation condition. The results indicate the importance of targeted implementation of conservation practices and consideration of local water and/or Gulf impacts depending on program goal(s). The present application illustrates the value of the Cropland CEAP modeling framework as a useful, science-based tool to evaluate pollutant sources and delivery and effects of agricultural conservation practices. C1 [White, M. J.; Arnold, J. G.; Harmel, D.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. [Santhi, C.; Kannan, N.] Texas A&M Univ, Temple, TX USA. [Norfleet, L.; Atwood, J.; Johnson, M. Vaughn] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Temple, TX USA. [Allen, P.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [DiLuzio, M.; Wang, X.; Haney, E.] Texas A&M, Temple, TX USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 38 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 26 EP 40 DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.26 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 284HZ UT WOS:000329308200007 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Helmers, MJ Asbjornsen, H Kolka, R Tomer, MD Cruse, RM AF Zhou, X. Helmers, M. J. Asbjornsen, H. Kolka, R. Tomer, M. D. Cruse, R. M. TI Nutrient removal by prairie filter strips in agricultural landscapes SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE nutrient loss; reconstructed prairie; row crop; vegetative filter strips ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; VEGETATED BUFFERS; CONCENTRATED FLOW; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SEDIMENT LOADS; RUNOFF; WATERSHEDS; NITRATE AB Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from agricultural landscapes have been identified as primary sources of excess nutrients in aquatic systems. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prairie filter strips (PFS) in removing nutrients from cropland runoff in 12 small watersheds in central Iowa. Four treatments with PFS of different spatial coverage and distribution (No-PFS, 10% PFS, 10% PFS with strips, and 20% PFS with strips) were arranged in a balanced incomplete block design across four blocks in 2007. A no-tillage two-year corn (Zea mays L.) -soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) rotation was grown in row-cropped areas beginning in 2007. Runoff was monitored by H flumes, and runoff water samples were collected during the growing seasons to determine concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) through 2011. Overall, the presence of PFS reduced mean annual NO3-N, TN, and TP concentrations by 35%, 73%, and 82%, respectively, and reduced annual NO3-N, TN, and TP losses by 67%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. However, the amount and distribution of PFS had no significant impact on runoff and nutrient yields. The findings suggest that utilization of PFS at the footslope position of annual row crop systems provides an effective approach to reducing nutrient loss in runoff from small agricultural watersheds. C1 [Helmers, M. J.; Cruse, R. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Asbjornsen, H.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Tomer, M. D.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. FU Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture; Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station; Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship; United States Department of Agriculture North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture and Research Education program; United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Managed Ecosystems program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station, Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, United States Department of Agriculture North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture and Research Education program, and United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Managed Ecosystems program. We would like to thank Pauline Drobney and the staff at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge for their support of this project. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 12 U2 95 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.54 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 284HZ UT WOS:000329308200009 ER PT J AU Au, LE Harris, SS Jacques, PF Dwyer, JT Sacheck, JM AF Au, Lauren E. Harris, Susan S. Jacques, Paul F. Dwyer, Johanna T. Sacheck, Jennifer M. TI Adherence to a Vitamin D Supplement Intervention in Urban Schoolchildren SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D; Adherence; Supplementation; Children; Parents ID D DEFICIENCY; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; ADOLESCENTS; TRIAL; FALLS; RISK AB Vitamin D supplementation is an important strategy for preventing low levels of serum 25OHD and improving bone health and consequent associated health risks, especially in children at risk of deficiency. Although vitamin D supplements are recommended, there is limited research on the factors that influence adherence to taking them. In a cross-sectional sample of 256 child (aged 9 to 15 years) and parent pairs in the Boston, MA, area during January to March 2012, analysis of covariance was used to determine associations between health beliefs about vitamin D, parental vitamin D-containing supplement use, and the individual responsible for pill administration with supplement adherence measured by pill counts. Mean and median supplement pill count adherence over 3 months were 84% and 89%, respectively. Adherence was positively associated with parents' use of vitamin D-containing supplements (7% higher, P=0.008) and with combined child and parent responsibility for administration of the supplement compared with child only (9% higher, P=0.03). Parents' beliefs about vitamin D neither predicted their children's beliefs nor positively influenced children's adherence. Adherence was higher when parents took vitamin D-containing supplements and when parents and children shared responsibility for administering the supplement. Promoting child supplement use through parent involvement and role modeling may be a practical solution for registered dietitians who are aiming to improve vitamin D adherence in at-risk youth. C1 [Au, Lauren E.; Harris, Susan S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Sacheck, Jennifer M.] Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. [Jacques, Paul F.; Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Au, LE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lauren.ati@alumni.tufts.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health [R01HL106160]; US Department of Agricultural Doctoral Fellowship in Obesity [DAG700] FX Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award no. R01HL106160. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The corresponding author also received a US Department of Agricultural Doctoral Fellowship in Obesity #DAG700. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 114 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.350 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 285UA UT WOS:000329419300009 PM 23999277 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Cheng, HN Chapital, DC Dowd, MK AF He, Zhongqi Cheng, Huai N. Chapital, Dorselyn C. Dowd, Michael K. TI Sequential Fractionation of Cottonseed Meal to Improve Its Wood Adhesive Properties SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cottonseed meal; Gossypol; Maple veneer; Protein isolate; Wood adhesive ID MODIFIED SOY PROTEIN; COMPOSITES AB For better understanding of the adhesive properties of different fractions of cottonseed protein, cottonseed meals from both glanded and glandless cotton varieties were separated into several fractions. Each meal was sequentially extracted with water and 1 M NaCl solution, or with phosphate buffer and NaCl solution. Adhesives were prepared from the recovered fractions and hot-pressed onto maple veneer strips and tested for their properties. The adhesive strength of the water- and buffer-washed solid fractions (i.e., the un-extractable residues of the meals) from the glanded seed ranged from 1.32 to 1.62 MPa and were unchanged or increased compared with the adhesive strength of the original meal that varied from 0.98 and 1.49 MPa. Soaking the wood specimens bonded at 80 A degrees C revealed that the water resistance of these water- and buffer-washed adhesives was significantly improved in that they exhibited no delamination during soaking compared with the meal adhesive that showed some delamination (20-30 % of the samples). Furthermore, the water resistance of these fractions with wet shear strength around 1.5 MPa was comparable to that of cottonseed protein isolate (> 90 % protein) when the joints were bonded at 100 A degrees C. The preparations from glandless cottonseed meals showed similar adhesive performances. Additional extraction of the meals with NaCl solution reduced adhesive performance. The results suggest that water- or buffer-washed cottonseed meal fractions can be used as wood adhesives and would be less costly to prepare than cottonseed protein isolates. C1 [He, Zhongqi; Cheng, Huai N.; Chapital, Dorselyn C.; Dowd, Michael K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 91 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s11746-013-2349-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 283LT UT WOS:000329248300016 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S Kovacs, F French, R AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana Kovacs, Frank French, Roy TI Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Infects Systemically despite Extensive Coat Protein Deletions: Identification of Virion Assembly and Cell-to-Cell Movement Determinants SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERIOPHYID MITE TRANSMISSION; TOBACCO ETCH POTYVIRUS; RNA PLANT-VIRUSES; CAPSID PROTEIN; HC-PRO; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; RICH MOTIF; GENE; REPLICATION; TRANSPORT AB Viral coat proteins function in virion assembly and virus biology in a tightly coordinated manner with a role for virtually every amino acid. In this study, we demonstrated that the coat protein (CP) of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; genus Tritimovirus, family Potyviridae) is unusually tolerant of extensive deletions, with continued virion assembly and/or systemic infection found after extensive deletions are made. A series of deletion and point mutations was created in the CP cistron of wild-type and/or green fluorescent protein-tagged WSMV, and the effects of these mutations on cell-to-cell and systemic transport and virion assembly of WSMV were examined. Mutants with overlapping deletions comprising N-terminal amino acids 6 to 27, 36 to 84, 85 to 100, 48 to 100, and 36 to 100 or the C-terminal 14 or 17 amino acids systemically infected wheat with different efficiencies. However, mutation of conserved amino acids in the core domain, which may be involved in a salt bridge, abolished virion assembly and cell-to-cell movement. N-terminal amino acids 6 to 27 and 85 to 100 are required for efficient virion assembly and cell-to-cell movement, while the C-terminal 65 amino acids are dispensable for virion assembly but are required for cell-to-cell movement, suggesting that the C terminus of CP functions as a dedicated cell-to-cell movement determinant. In contrast, amino acids 36 to 84 are expendable, with their deletion causing no obvious effects on systemic infection or virion assembly. In total, 152 amino acids (amino acids 6 to 27 and 36 to 100 and the 65 amino acids at the C-terminal end) of 349 amino acids of CP are dispensable for systemic infection and/or virion assembly, which is rare for multifunctional viral CPs. C1 [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kovacs, Frank] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Chem, Kearney, NE USA. RP Tatineni, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM satya.tatineni@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 88 IS 2 BP 1366 EP 1380 DI 10.1128/JVI.02737-13 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 282SY UT WOS:000329194900052 PM 24227854 ER PT J AU Weikel, KA Garber, C Baburins, A Taylor, A AF Weikel, Karen A. Garber, Caren Baburins, Alyssa Taylor, Allen TI Nutritional modulation of cataract SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE aging; carbohydrate; carotenoids; cataract; eye; glycation; glycemic index; lens; omega fats; vitamins ID AGE-RELATED CATARACT; BLUE-MOUNTAINS-EYE; NUCLEAR LENS OPACITIES; LONG-TERM INCIDENCE; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME PATHWAY; ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENT INTAKE; LOW-GLYCEMIC INDEX; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-C; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AB Lens opacification or cataract reduces vision in over 80 million people worldwide and blinds 18 million. These numbers will increase dramatically as both the size of the elderly demographic and the number of those with carbohydrate metabolism-related problems increase. Preventative measures for cataract are critical because the availability of cataract surgery in much of the world is insufficient. Epidemiologic literature suggests that the risk of cataract can be diminished by diets that are optimized for vitamin C, lutein/zeaxanthin, B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins, and carbohydrates: recommended levels of micronutrients are salutary. The limited data from intervention trials provide some support for observational studies with regard to nuclear - but not other types of - cataracts. Presented here are the beneficial levels of nutrients in diets or blood and the total number of participants surveyed in epidemiologic studies since a previous review in 2007. (C) 2013 International Life Sciences Institute C1 [Weikel, Karen A.; Garber, Caren; Baburins, Alyssa; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU USDA [1950-510000-060-01A]; Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving; American Health Assistance Foundation; NIH [EY RO1 13250, EY RO1 21212] FX Funding. This research was funded by USDA 1950-510000-060-01A, Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving, the American Health Assistance Foundation, and a generous gift from Alcon via Dr. John Lang to AT. The work was also supported by EY RO1 13250 and EY RO1 21212 from NIH. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 108 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 72 IS 1 BP 30 EP 47 DI 10.1111/nure.12077 PG 18 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 286SM UT WOS:000329489000002 PM 24279748 ER PT J AU Finsterwald, M Sidelnikov, E Orav, EJ Dawson-Hughes, B Theiler, R Egli, A Platz, A Simmen, HP Meier, C Grob, D Beck, S Stahelin, HB Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Finsterwald, M. Sidelnikov, E. Orav, E. J. Dawson-Hughes, B. Theiler, R. Egli, A. Platz, A. Simmen, H. P. Meier, C. Grob, D. Beck, S. Staehelin, H. B. Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. TI Gender-specific hip fracture risk in community-dwelling and institutionalized seniors age 65 years and older SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Dwelling; Gender; Hip fractures; Seasonality ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; DISTAL FOREARM; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SECULAR TREND; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY-WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WEATHER AB In this study of acute hip fracture patients, we show that hip fracture rates differ by gender between community-dwelling seniors and seniors residing in nursing homes. While women have a significantly higher rate of hip fracture among the community-dwelling seniors, men have a significantly higher rate among nursing home residents. Differences in gender-specific hip fracture risk between community-dwelling and institutionalized seniors have not been well established, and seasonality of hip fracture risk has been controversial. We analyzed detailed data from 1,084 hip fracture patients age 65 years and older admitted to one large hospital center in Zurich, Switzerland. In a sensitivity analysis, we extend to de-personalized data from 1,265 hip fracture patients from the other two large hospital centers in Zurich within the same time frame (total n = 2,349). The denominators were person-times accumulated by the Zurich population in the corresponding age/gender/type of dwelling stratum in each calendar season for the period of the study. In the primary analysis of 1,084 hip fracture patients (mean age 85.1 years; 78 % women): Among community-dwelling seniors, the risk of hip fracture was twofold higher among women compared with men (RR = 2.16; 95 % CI, 1.74-2.69) independent of age, season, number of comorbidities, and cognitive function; among institutionalized seniors, the risk of hip fracture was 26 % lower among women compared with men (RR = 0.77; 95 % CI: 0.63-0.95) adjusting for the same confounders. In the sensitivity analysis of 2,349 hip fracture patients (mean age 85.0 years, 76 % women), this pattern remained largely unchanged. There is no seasonal swing in hip fracture incidence. We confirm for seniors living in the community that women have a higher risk of hip fracture than men. However, among institutionalized seniors, men are at higher risk for hip fracture. C1 [Finsterwald, M.; Sidelnikov, E.; Egli, A.; Grob, D.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Finsterwald, M.; Sidelnikov, E.; Egli, A.; Grob, D.; Beck, S.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] City Hosp Waid, Zurich, Switzerland. [Orav, E. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theiler, R.] Triemly City Hosp Zurich, Dept Rheumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Platz, A.] Triemly City Hosp Zurich, Dept Traumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Simmen, H. P.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Emergency Med & Traumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Meier, C.] City Hosp Waid, Dept Traumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Staehelin, H. B.] Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Geriatr, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Geriatr & Aging Res, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Geriatr & Aging Res, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Heike.Bischoff@usz.ch NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s00198-013-2513-4 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 281MP UT WOS:000329106000015 PM 24136101 ER PT J AU Klie, S Osorio, S Tohge, T Drincovich, MF Fait, A Giovannoni, JJ Fernie, AR Nikoloski, Z AF Klie, Sebastian Osorio, Sonia Tohge, Takayuki Drincovich, Maria F. Fait, Aaron Giovannoni, James J. Fernie, Alisdair R. Nikoloski, Zoran TI Conserved Changes in the Dynamics of Metabolic Processes during Fruit Development and Ripening across Species SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; TOMATO FRUIT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; NETWORK ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-ACID; PEACH FRUIT; NEVER-RIPE; PLANT AB Computational analyses of molecular phenotypes traditionally aim at identifying biochemical components that exhibit differential expression under various scenarios (e.g. environmental and internal perturbations) in a single species. High-throughput metabolomics technologies allow the quantification of (relative) metabolite levels across developmental stages in different tissues, organs, and species. Novel methods for analyzing the resulting multiple data tables could reveal preserved dynamics of metabolic processes across species. The problem we address in this study is 2-fold. (1) We derive a single data table, referred to as a compromise, which captures information common to the investigated set of multiple tables containing data on different fruit development and ripening stages in three climacteric (i.e. peach [Prunus persica] and two tomato [Solanum lycopersicum] cultivars, Ailsa Craig and M82) and two nonclimacteric (i.e. strawberry [Fragaria 3 ananassa] and pepper [Capsicum chilense]) fruits; in addition, we demonstrate the power of the method to discern similarities and differences between multiple tables by analyzing publicly available metabolomics data from three tomato ripening mutants together with two tomato cultivars. (2) We identify the conserved dynamics of metabolic processes, reflected in the data profiles of the corresponding metabolites that contribute most to the determined compromise. Our analysis is based on an extension to principal component analysis, called STATIS, in combination with pathway overenrichment analysis. Based on publicly available metabolic profiles for the investigated species, we demonstrate that STATIS can be used to identify the metabolic processes whose behavior is similarly affected during fruit development and ripening. These findings ultimately provide insights into the pathways that are essential during fruit development and ripening across species. C1 [Klie, Sebastian] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Genes & Small Mol Grp, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Tohge, Takayuki; Fernie, Alisdair R.] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Cent Metab Grp, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Nikoloski, Zoran] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Syst Biol & Math Modeling Grp, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Osorio, Sonia] Univ Malaga, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, CSIC, Inst Hort Subtrop & Mediterranea La Mayor, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Drincovich, Maria F.] Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Ctr Estudios Fotosintet & Bioquim, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Fait, Aaron] Ben Gurion Univ Negrev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, French Associates Inst Agr & Biotechnol Dryland, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Osorio, S (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, CSIC, Inst Hort Subtrop & Mediterranea La Mayor, Campus Teatinos, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. EM sosorio@uma.es RI Osorio, Sonia/M-2258-2014; OI Osorio, Sonia/0000-0002-0159-6091; Drincovich, Maria F/0000-0003-4897-3285 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain FX This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain (Ramon and Cajal contract to S.O.). NR 82 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 164 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1104/pp.113.226142 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 286EA UT WOS:000329447400006 PM 24243932 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Dou, YC Kianian, SF Zhang, C Holding, DR AF Yuan, Lingling Dou, Yongchao Kianian, Shahryar F. Zhang, Chi Holding, David R. TI Deletion Mutagenesis Identifies a Haploinsufficient Role for gamma-Zein in opaque2 Endosperm Modification SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-PROTEIN-MAIZE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; REVERSE GENETICS; BODY FORMATION; CLONAL ANALYSIS; MODIFIER LOCI; MUTANT; ENCODES; MUTATION; DNA AB Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a hard kernel variant of the high-lysine mutant opaque2. Using gamma-irradiation, we created opaque QPM variants to identify opaque2 modifier genes and to investigate deletion mutagenesis combined with Illumina sequencing as a maize (Zea mays) functional genomics tool. A K0326Y QPM deletion mutant was null for the 27-and 50-kD gamma-zeins and abolished vitreous endosperm formation. Illumina exon and RNA sequencing revealed a 1.2-megabase pair deletion encompassing the 27-and 50-kD gamma-zein genes on chromosome 7 and a deletion of at least 232 kb on chromosome 9. Protein body number was reduced by over 90%, while protein body size is similar to the wild type. Kernels hemizygous for the gamma-zein deletion had intermediate 27-and 50-kD gamma-zein levels and were semivitreous, indicating haploinsufficiency of these gene products in opaque2 endosperm modification. The gamma-zein deletion further increased lysine in QPM in its homozygous and hemizygous states. This work identifies 27-kD gamma-zein as an opaque2 modifier gene within the largest QPM quantitative trait locus and may suggest the 50-kD gamma-zein also contributes to this quantitative trait locus. It further demonstrates that genome-wide deletions in nonreference maize lines can be identified through a combination of assembly of Illumina reads against the B73 genome and integration of RNA sequencing data. C1 [Yuan, Lingling; Dou, Yongchao; Zhang, Chi; Holding, David R.] Univ Nebraska, Beadle Ctr Biotechnol, Ctr Plant Sci Innovat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Yuan, Lingling; Holding, David R.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Dou, Yongchao; Zhang, Chi] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Kianian, Shahryar F.] Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Holding, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Beadle Ctr Biotechnol, Ctr Plant Sci Innovat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM dholding2@unl.edu RI Zhang, Chi/C-4996-2009 FU University of Nebraska Department of Agronomy and Horticulture; Center for Plant Science Innovation FX This work was supported by the University of Nebraska Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and the Center for Plant Science Innovation. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 164 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1104/pp.113.230961 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 286EA UT WOS:000329447400011 PM 24214534 ER PT J AU Bolduc, N Tyers, RG Freeling, M Hake, S AF Bolduc, Nathalie Tyers, Randall G. Freeling, Michael Hake, Sarah TI Unequal Redundancy in Maize knotted1 homeobox Genes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE; DOMINANT MUTATION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; KNOX GENES; CELL FATES; ARABIDOPSIS AB The knotted1 (kn1) homeobox (knox) gene family was first identified through gain-of-function dominant mutants in maize (Zea mays). Class I knox members are expressed in meristems but excluded from leaves. In maize, a loss-of-function phenotype has only been characterized for kn1. To assess the function of another knox member, we characterized a loss-of-function mutation of rough sheath1 (rs1). rs1-mum1 has no phenotype alone but exacerbates several aspects of the kn1 phenotype. In permissive backgrounds in which kn1 mutants grow to maturity, loss of a single copy of rs1 enhances the tassel branch reduction phenotype, while loss of both copies results in limited shoots. In less introgressed lines, double mutants can grow to maturity but are shorter. Using a KNOX antibody, we demonstrate that RS1 binds in vivo to some of the KN1 target genes, which could partially explain why KN1 binds many genes but modulates few. Our results demonstrate an unequal redundancy between knox genes, with a role for rs1 only revealed in the complete absence of kn1. C1 [Tyers, Randall G.; Freeling, Michael; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bolduc, Nathalie; Hake, Sarah] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hake@berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0604923]; U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service [CRIS 5335-21000-013-00D] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0604923) and the U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service (grant no. CRIS 5335-21000-013-00D). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 164 IS 1 BP 229 EP 238 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 286EA UT WOS:000329447400019 PM 24218490 ER PT J AU Chitwood, DH Ranjan, A Martinez, CC Headland, LR Thiem, T Kumar, R Covington, MF Hatcher, T Naylor, DT Zimmerman, S Downs, N Raymundo, N Buckler, ES Maloof, JN Aradhya, M Prins, B Li, L Myles, S Sinha, NR AF Chitwood, Daniel H. Ranjan, Aashish Martinez, Ciera C. Headland, Lauren R. Thiem, Thinh Kumar, Ravi Covington, Michael F. Hatcher, Tommy Naylor, Daniel T. Zimmerman, Sharon Downs, Nora Raymundo, Nataly Buckler, Edward S. Maloof, Julin N. Aradhya, Mallikarjuna Prins, Bernard Li, Lin Myles, Sean Sinha, Neelima R. TI A Modern Ampelography: A Genetic Basis for Leaf Shape and Venation Patterning in Grape SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELLIPTIC FOURIER DESCRIPTORS; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON GRAPES; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; POLAR AUXIN TRANSPORT; VITIS-VINIFERA L; UV-B RADIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; LEAVES; WINE AB Terroir, the unique interaction between genotype, environment, and culture, is highly refined in domesticated grape (Vitis vinifera). Toward cultivating terroir, the science of ampelography tried to distinguish thousands of grape cultivars without the aid of genetics. This led to sophisticated phenotypic analyses of natural variation in grape leaves, which within a palmate-lobed framework exhibit diverse patterns of blade outgrowth, hirsuteness, and venation patterning. Here, we provide a morphometric analysis of more than 1,200 grape accessions. Elliptical Fourier descriptors provide a global analysis of leaf outlines and lobe positioning, while a Procrustes analysis quantitatively describes venation patterning. Correlation with previous ampelography suggests an important genetic component, which we confirm with estimates of heritability. We further use RNA-Seq of mutant varieties and performa genome-wide association study to explore the genetic basis of leaf shape. Meta-analysis reveals a relationship between leaf morphology and hirsuteness, traits known to correlate with climate in the fossil record and extant species. Together, our data demonstrate a genetic basis for the intricate diversity present in grape leaves. We discuss the possibility of using grape leaves as a breeding target to preserve terroir in the face of anticipated climate change, a major problem facing viticulture. C1 [Chitwood, Daniel H.; Ranjan, Aashish; Martinez, Ciera C.; Headland, Lauren R.; Thiem, Thinh; Kumar, Ravi; Covington, Michael F.; Hatcher, Tommy; Naylor, Daniel T.; Zimmerman, Sharon; Downs, Nora; Raymundo, Nataly; Maloof, Julin N.; Sinha, Neelima R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Aradhya, Mallikarjuna; Prins, Bernard] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] ARS, Dept Agr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Lin] Biostat Solut, Mt Airy, MD 21771 USA. [Myles, Sean] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Sinha, NR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nrsinha@ucdavis.edu RI Covington, Michael/G-9208-2014; Chitwood, Daniel/M-2841-2013; OI Covington, Michael/0000-0002-0555-6409; Chitwood, Daniel/0000-0003-4875-1447; Maloof, Julin/0000-0002-9623-2599; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Ranjan, Aashish/0000-0003-3447-4442 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation of the Life Sciences Research Foundation; National Science Foundation [IOS-0820854] FX This work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation of the Life Sciences Research Foundation (to D. H. C.) and the National Science Foundation (grant no. IOS-0820854 to N.R.S. and J.N.M.). NR 75 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 164 IS 1 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1104/pp.113.229708 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 286EA UT WOS:000329447400022 PM 24285849 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, DN Pan, ZQ Duke, SO Nandula, VK Baldwin, BS Shaw, DR Dayan, FE AF Ribeiro, Daniela N. Pan, Zhiqiang Duke, Stephen O. Nandula, Vijay K. Baldwin, Brian S. Shaw, David R. Dayan, Franck E. TI Involvement of facultative apomixis in inheritance of EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Amaranthus palmeri; Apomixis; Asexual reproduction; 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS); Facultative apomixis; Glyphosate; Herbicide resistance; Palmer amaranth ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; VACUOLAR SEQUESTRATION; FIELD CONDITIONS; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; P-31 NMR; IN-VIVO; HERBICIDE; MECHANISM; SYNTHASE; INTERFERENCE AB The inheritance of glyphosate resistance in two Amaranthus palmeri populations (R1 and R2) was examined in reciprocal crosses (RC) and second reciprocal crosses (2RC) between glyphosate-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) parents of this dioecious species. R populations and Female-R x Male-S crosses contain higher 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene copy numbers than the S population. EPSPS expression, EPSPS enzyme activity, EPSPS protein quantity, and level of resistance to glyphosate correlated positively with genomic EPSPS relative copy number. Transfer of resistance was more influenced by the female than the male parent in spite of the fact that the multiple copies of EPSPS are amplified in the nuclear genome. This led us to hypothesize that this perplexing pattern of inheritance may result from apomictic seed production in A. palmeri. We confirmed that reproductively isolated R and S female plants produced seeds, indicating that A. palmeri can produce seeds both sexually and apomictically (facultative apomixis). This apomictic trait accounts for the low copy number inheritance in the Female-S x Male-R offsprings. Apomixis may also enhance the stability of the glyphosate resistance trait in the R populations in the absence of reproductive partners. C1 [Ribeiro, Daniela N.; Baldwin, Brian S.; Shaw, David R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pan, Zhiqiang; Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E.] USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. [Nandula, Vijay K.] USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 FU Monsanto Company FX This research was funded in part by Monsanto Company. We thank Dr. Natasha Techen for her advice with the genetic markers. Susan B. Watson, Marilyn Ruscoe and J'Lynn Howell provided excellent technical support. Dr. R. Douglas Sammons and Dr. Dafu Wang's help with the Western blot analysis was greatly appreciated. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JAN PY 2014 VL 239 IS 1 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s00425-013-1972-3 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 283IW UT WOS:000329240700015 PM 24142112 ER PT J AU Powell, MR AF Powell, Mark R. TI Optimal Food Safety Sampling Under a Budget Constraint SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Food safety; sampling plan ID PENALTIES AB Much of the literature regarding food safety sampling plans implicitly assumes that all lots entering commerce are tested. In practice, however, only a fraction of lots may be tested due to a budget constraint. In such a case, there is a tradeoff between the number of lots tested and the number of samples per lot. To illustrate this tradeoff, a simple model is presented in which the optimal number of samples per lot depends on the prevalence of sample units that do not conform to microbiological specifications and the relative costs of sampling a lot and of drawing and testing a sample unit from a lot. The assumed objective is to maximize the number of nonconforming lots that are rejected subject to a food safety sampling budget constraint. If the ratio of the cost per lot to the cost per sample unit is substantial, the optimal number of samples per lot increases as prevalence decreases. However, if the ratio of the cost per lot to the cost per sample unit is sufficiently small, the optimal number of samples per lot reduces to one (i.e., simple random sampling), regardless of prevalence. In practice, the cost per sample unit may be large relative to the cost per lot due to the expense of laboratory testing and other factors. Designing effective compliance assurance measures depends on economic, legal, and other factors in addition to microbiology and statistics. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, 1400 Independence Ave,SW MS 3811, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mpowell@oce.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1111/risa.12054 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 287MB UT WOS:000329544800012 PM 23614657 ER PT J AU Rengifo-Correa, L Brailovsky, H Henry, TJ Morrone, JJ AF Rengifo-Correa, Laura Brailovsky, Harry Henry, Thomas J. Morrone, Juan J. TI Phylogenetics and evolutionary morphology of the Neotropical true bug genus Epipolops (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Geocoridae) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYGAEOIDEA; PAMPHANTINAE; AMERICA AB Species of EpipolopsHerrich-Schaeffer (Hemiptera: Geocoridae), comprising the largest genus of Pamphantinae, are among the most bizarre true bugs because of their striking morphology. To elucidate evolutionary morphology in Epipolops, a phylogenetic analysis was performed using 17 species and 36 adult morphological characters. Two cladograms were obtained under equal and implied weight analyses, showing slight differences between them. Two new species, E.stridulatussp.n. and E.univallensissp.n., are described, and E.meridionalisPiran is resurrected from synonymy with E.frondosusHerrich-Schaeffer. A key to the known species of Epipolops is provided. The systematic relevance of the unique characters of the genus is discussed and the sequence of character state transformations for both the anterior and posterior lateral processes of the pronotum are optimized on the cladogram obtained under implied weights. Species of Epipolops are found in the Neotropical region and the Mexican Transition Zone, with some clades and species restricted to certain South American subregions. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CB72D5DA-D86B-4B91-93A2-88894F7120C9. C1 [Rengifo-Correa, Laura; Morrone, Juan J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Evolut, Museo Zool Alfonso L Herrera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Brailovsky, Harry] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Henry, Thomas J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, USDA,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Morrone, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Evolut, Museo Zool Alfonso L Herrera, Apartado Postal 70-399, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM juanmorrone2001@yahoo.com.mx OI Morrone, Juan/0000-0001-5566-1189 FU Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, UNAM; CONACyT [414952] FX We thank Susana Guzman (UNIBIO-IBUNAM) and Michele Touchet (USNM) for the picture management training, and Ranulfo Gonzalez and the Grupo de Investigaciones Entomologicas (GIE) for field support. Special thanks to the curators and collection managers for the loan of specimens. The authors also express their gratitude to: Alfonso Garcia and Alejandro Zaldivar from Instituto de Biologia, UNAM; Roxana Acosta and Erick Garcia from Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM; and two anonymous referees for helping improve the manuscript. The senior author thanks the Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, UNAM, and CONACyT for economic support (scholarship number: 414952). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 39 IS 1 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1111/syen.12039 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 284MN UT WOS:000329322900010 ER PT J AU Jensen, ML Thymann, T Cilieborg, MS Lykke, M Molbak, L Jensen, BB Schmidt, M Kelly, D Mulder, I Burrin, DG Sangild, PT AF Jensen, Michael L. Thymann, Thomas Cilieborg, Malene S. Lykke, Mikkel Molbak, Lars Jensen, Bent B. Schmidt, Mette Kelly, Denise Mulder, Imke Burrin, Douglas G. Sangild, Per T. TI Antibiotics modulate intestinal immunity and prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonatal piglets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immature; microbiota; necrotizing enterocolitis; neonates; premature ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; FECAL MICROBIOTA; S100 PROTEINS; PIGS; DIET; GUT; COLONIZATION; DYSFUNCTION AB Preterm birth, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding predispose to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Antibiotics are commonly administered to prevent sepsis in preterm infants, but it is not known whether this affects intestinal immunity and NEC resistance. We hypothesized that broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment improves NEC resistance and intestinal structure, function, and immunity in neonates. Caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were fed 3 days of parenteral nutrition followed by 2 days of enteral formula. Immediately after birth, they were assigned to receive either antibiotics (oral and parenteral doses of gentamycin, ampicillin, and metronidazole, ANTI, n = 11) or saline in the control group (CON, n = 13), given twice daily. NEC lesions and intestinal structure, function, microbiology, and immunity markers were recorded. None of the ANTI but 85% of the CON pigs developed NEC lesions by day 5 (0/11 vs. 11/13, P < 0.05). ANTI pigs had higher intestinal villi (+60%), digestive enzyme activities (+53-73%), and goblet cell densities (+110%) and lower myeloperoxidase (-51%) and colonic microbial density (10(5) vs. 10(10) colony-forming units, all P < 0.05). Microarray transcriptomics showed strong downregulation of genes related to inflammation and innate immune response to microbiota and marked upregulation of genes related to amino acid metabolism, in particular threonine, glucose transport systems, and cell cycle in 5-day-old ANTI pigs. In a follow-up experiment, 5 days of antibiotics prevented NEC at least until day 10. Neonatal prophylactic antibiotics effectively reduced gut bacterial load, prevented NEC, intestinal atrophy, dysfunction, and inflammation and enhanced expression of genes related to gut metabolism and immunity in preterm pigs. C1 [Jensen, Michael L.; Thymann, Thomas; Cilieborg, Malene S.; Lykke, Mikkel; Sangild, Per T.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Sci, Dept Nutr Exercise & Sports, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Cilieborg, Malene S.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Molbak, Lars] Chr Hansen, Horsholm, Denmark. [Jensen, Bent B.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Anim Hlth & Biosci, Foulum, Denmark. [Schmidt, Mette] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Reprod, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Kelly, Denise; Mulder, Imke] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sangild, PT (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Sci, Dept Nutr Exercise & Sports, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM psa@life.ku.dk OI Sangild, Per Torp/0000-0002-5462-7760 FU Danish Strategic Research Councils FX This work was supported financially by the Danish Strategic Research Councils. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 EI 1522-1547 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 306 IS 1 BP G59 EP G71 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00213.2013 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 282RU UT WOS:000329191200006 PM 24157972 ER PT J AU Taylor, AH Vandervlugt, AM Maxwell, RS Beaty, RM Airey, C Skinner, CN AF Taylor, Alan H. Vandervlugt, Anna M. Maxwell, R. Stockton Beaty, Robert M. Airey, Catherine Skinner, Carl N. TI Changes in forest structure, fuels and potential fire behaviour since 1873 in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fire behaviour; Fire exclusion; Forest reconstruction; Forest structure; Jeffrey pine; Lodgepole pine; Mixed conifer; Red fir; Restoration ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VOLCANIC-NATIONAL-PARK; GRAND-CANYON; PINE FORESTS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA; REGIMES; MOUNTAINS AB QuestionsWhat were the characteristics of pre-Anglo-American (reference) forests before logging, grazing and fire exclusion, and how have they changed? What were the structural characteristics of canopy and surface fuels and potential fire behaviour in reference forests, and how do they compare to contemporary forests? How might information from reference conditions be used to inform current restoration and management practices? LocationLake Tahoe Basin in the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada, USA. MethodsTree species composition, size structure, basal area, density, surface and canopy fuels, and potential fire behaviour were quantified for reference and contemporary conditions in 32 stands. This was accomplished by integrating field measurements and dendroecological techniques with vegetation and fire behaviour simulation models. ResultsContemporary Jeffrey pine and mixed conifer forests had more trees, more basal area, smaller trees and a different size structure than the reference forest. Contemporary red fir and lodgepole pine forests also had more and smaller trees, but basal areas were similar to the reference. Red fir forests also shifted in composition towards lodgepole pine. Vegetation and fire models indicate that contemporary Jeffrey pine and mixed conifer forests have higher flame length, rates of spread, lower crowning and torching indices, and more passive crown fire than the reference forests. In contrast, contemporary red fir and lodgepole pine forests only had lower crowning and torching indices, and flame length and rate of spread were only higher with extreme weather and high surface fuel load. ConclusionsContemporary Jeffrey pine and mixed conifer forests deviate the most from the reference, and restoration objectives for these forests should emphasize density and basal area reduction of smaller diameter stems. Restoration objectives for red fir should shift species composition and reduce basal area by thinning smaller diameter lodgepole pine. For lodgepole pine forests, restoration objectives should include reduction of density and basal area of smaller diameter stems. Fire or other surface fuel treatments will be needed in all the forests to maintain lower fuel loads, albeit at different time intervals. C1 [Taylor, Alan H.; Vandervlugt, Anna M.; Maxwell, R. Stockton] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Taylor, Alan H.; Airey, Catherine] Penn State Univ, Interdept Grad Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beaty, Robert M.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Taylor, AH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aht1@psu.edu; annavandervlught@gmail.com; rmaxwell2@radford.edu; Matt.Beaty@CSIRO.au; cta5060@psu.edu; cskinner@fs.fed.us RI Beaty, Robert/B-5504-2011; OI Maxwell, Stockton/0000-0002-4811-5929 FU SNMPLA Grant through the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX This research was completed with the assistance of many individuals. We thank Tamara Sasaki and Dave Fournier for logistical support, and Derek Furry, Melissa Harkavy, Warren Reed and Ben Wharton for field assistance. Hugh Safford provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This project was funded by a SNMPLA Grant through the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1111/avsc.12049 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 273OI UT WOS:000328544400004 ER PT J AU Riveros, AJ Esquivel, DMS Wajnberg, E Srygley, RB AF Riveros, Andre J. Esquivel, Darci M. S. Wajnberg, Eliane Srygley, Robert B. TI Do leaf-cutter ants Atta colombica obtain their magnetic sensors from soil? SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homing; Navigation; Orientation; Path integration; Proprioception ID CUTTING ANT; MAGNETORECEPTION; ORIENTATION; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PLANTS; FIELD; HONEYBEES; ANIMALS; INSECTS AB How animals sense, process, and use magnetic information remains elusive. In insects, magnetic particles are candidates for a magnetic sensor. Recent studies suggest that the ant Pachycondyla marginata incorporates iron-containing particles from soil. We used leaf-cutter ants Atta colombica to test whether soil contact is necessary for developing a functional magnetic compass. A. colombica is the only invertebrate known to calculate a path-integrated home vector using a magnetic compass. Here, we show that A. colombica requires contact with soil to incorporate magnetic particles that can be used as a magnetic compass; yet, we also show that ants can biosynthesize magnetic particles. Workers from a soil-free colony ignored a 90A degrees shift in the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field, yet oriented homeward despite the occlusion of any geocentric cues. In contrast, workers from a soil-exposed colony oriented to an intermediate direction between their true and subjective home in the shifted field. Homeward orientations under shifted fields suggest that ants calculated a path-integrated vector using proprioceptive information. Strikingly, ants from the soil-free colony also had magnetic particles; yet, as observed by ferromagnetic resonance, these particles differed from those in soil-exposed ants and were not associated with a magnetic compass sensitive to this experimental manipulation. C1 [Riveros, Andre J.; Srygley, Robert B.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Esquivel, Darci M. S.; Wajnberg, Eliane] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Srygley, Robert B.] ARS, USDA, Northern Pl Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northern Pl Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov RI Esquivel, Darci/G-1581-2012; Wajnberg, Eliane /G-7446-2014 FU Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF) of the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (MCTI); National Science Foundation [IOB-0519483]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) FX We thank Hubert Herz for allowing the use of the laboratory-maintained, soil-free colony. We thank L. Senior (USDA-ARS) for measuring the ant orientations from the video tapes. We thank J. Gaskin, S. Adamo, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) granted permission to conduct the research in Panama and export ants to Brazil for physical analysis. This project was supported in part by Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF) of the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (MCTI). AJR received support from National Science Foundation grant IOB-0519483 (to Wulfila Gronenberg) and from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s00265-013-1621-7 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 281KM UT WOS:000329100100006 ER PT J AU Dao, TH AF Dao, Thanh H. TI Landscape-scale geographic variations in microbial biomass and enzyme-labile phosphorus in manure-amended Hapludults SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Landscape-scale biogeography; Enzyme-hydrolyzable phosphorus; Microbial biomass; Spatial structure; Sustainable nutrient management ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITIES; BIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL PROPERTIES; POULTRY LITTER; DEPHOSPHORYLATION; MANAGEMENT AB Long-term nutrient management practices have lasting effects on the geographic distribution of soil microorganisms, loci of enhanced activity, and non-mobile nutrients such as phosphorus (P) to ultimately influence nutrient use efficiency by crops and edge-of-field losses. We determined the distribution of soil microbial biomass, phosphomonoesterases' activity, and P forms in a 10-ha no-till field that received annual additions of dairy manure at 0, 15, and 30 kg P ha(-1) at the field scale for 16 consecutive years. The spatial structure of soil microbial indices and extractable P fractions were characterized based on their semivariance distributions for each manure treatment. The buildup in soil P occurred, although replacement was done at a crop removal rate. Manure additions resulted in overall mean increases in total labile P of 73 % and 156 % and alterations in the soil microbial ecosystem that depended on manure inorganic-to-enzyme-labile P composition in soils treated with 15 and 30 kg P ha(-1), respectively. Distinct clusters of phosphate- and enzyme-labile organic P were observed within manure treatments, where accumulation of the latter forms was associated with high soil microbial biomass C and reduced acid phosphomonoesterase activity. The geographic variability highlighted the critical need for improving methods of field-scale application of manure and non-mobile nutrients. In addition, current soil testing methods that depend upon composite representative samples for estimating microbiological parameters linked to nutrient turnover and P requirements for optimal crop production should be modified to include site-specificity in sampling and interpretation approaches. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC East Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thanh.dao@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 EI 1432-0789 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s00374-013-0844-0 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 281IQ UT WOS:000329094600016 ER PT J AU Selim, KA El-Beih, AA Abdel-Rahman, TM El-Diwany, AI AF Selim, Khaled A. El-Beih, Ahmed A. Abdel-Rahman, Tahany M. El-Diwany, Ahmed I. TI Biological Evaluation of Endophytic Fungus, Chaetomium globosum JN711454, as Potential Candidate for Improving Drug Discovery SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Adiantum capillus-veneris; Alzheimer; Cytotoxicity; Endophytic Chaetomium globosum; LC-MS; Metabolomics ID BIOACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES; IN-VITRO; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHAETOGLOBOSINS; CYTOTOXICITY; AZAPHILONES; INHIBITORS; EXTRACTS; PLANTS AB The main objective of this research work focused on investigating the biological and chemical aspects of endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, for pharmaceutical purposes to improve the drug discovery process. The endophytic C. globosum was isolated from healthy leaves of Egyptian medicinal plant Adiantum capillus-veneris collected from Saint Katherine Protectorate, Sinai, Egypt. The identification of C. globosum was on the basis of classical and molecular taxonomy. Gene encoding for 18S rRNA was partially sequenced, submitted to the GenBank and got the accession number JN711454, to resolve the phylogenetic relations with fungal ancestor using phylogenetic tree. To explore the biosynthetic power of endophytic C. globosum JN711454, the fungus was cultivated over five different media, oatmeal, rice, yeast malt glucose, potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Czapek's dox media, for 3 weeks at 30 A degrees C, followed by extraction with different solvents, ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol. The ethyl acetate extract of C. globosum cultivated on PDA medium was the most potent extract. It showed strong antioxidant activity with EC50 11.5 mu g/ml, potent anticancer activity with 55 % toxicity toward HepG-2 cells at 100 mu g/ml and 66 % cytotoxicity to FGC(4) cells at 250 mu g/ml, promising butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities (> 85 %), and moderate antimicrobial and stopped the attachment of HSV-2 virus to VERO cells. The metabolomic profiling of PDA-EA extract using LC-MS revealed the presence of several metabolites to which the observed bioactivities could be attributed. Here we report for the first time inhibitory activity of endophytic C. globosum JN711454 secondary metabolites to butyrylcholinesterase, one of neuro hydrolase enzymes that play a major role in development of Alzheimer's disease. C1 [Selim, Khaled A.; El-Beih, Ahmed A.; El-Diwany, Ahmed I.] Natl Res Ctr, Dept Chem Nat & Microbial Prod, Cairo 12622, Egypt. [Selim, Khaled A.] USDA, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, FPL, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Selim, Khaled A.; El-Beih, Ahmed A.] Natl Res Ctr, Ctr Excellence Adv Sci, Pharmaceut Res Grp, Cairo 12622, Egypt. [Abdel-Rahman, Tahany M.] Cairo Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Giza, Egypt. RP El-Beih, AA (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr, Dept Chem Nat & Microbial Prod, Cairo 12622, Egypt. EM ahmed_elbeih@hotmail.com OI El-Beih, Ahmed/0000-0002-6960-027X; El-Diwany, Ahmed/0000-0003-3917-1141 FU National Research Center, Egypt FX The authors express their appreciation to the National Research Center, Egypt, for financing this research work. The authors are also indebted by deep thanks to Dr. Ahmed R. Hamed and Dr. Maha Soltan for their support in cytotoxicity measurements, and to our collaborators in NECTR, Dr. Ahmed Ismail and Dr. Marwa Mahmoud. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 30 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1085-9195 EI 1559-0283 J9 CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Cell Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 1 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s12013-013-9695-4 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 283EU UT WOS:000329229300007 PM 23775636 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Balouet, JC Shortle, WC Chalot, M Beaujard, F Grudd, H Vroblesky, DA Burken, JG AF Smith, Kevin T. Balouet, Jean Christophe Shortle, Walter C. Chalot, Michel Beaujard, Francois Grudd, Hakan Vroblesky, Don A. Burken, Joel G. TI Dendrochemical patterns of calcium, zinc, and potassium related to internal factors detected by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Dendrochemistry; Cation distribution; Wood calcium; Wood potassium ID ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS; LIVING TREES; RED SPRUCE; WOOD; COMPARTMENTALIZATION; HEARTWOOD; PLANTS; MAPLE; DECAY; OAK AB Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) provides highly sensitive and precise spatial resolution of cation content in individual annual growth rings in trees. The sensitivity and precision have prompted successful applications to forensic dendrochemistry and the timing of environmental releases of contaminants. These applications have highlighted the need to distinguish dendrochemical effects of internal processes from environmental contamination. Calcium, potassium, and zinc are three marker cations that illustrate the influence of these processes. We found changes in cation chemistry in tree rings potentially due to biomineralization, development of cracks or checks, heartwood/sapwood differentiation, intraannual p'rocesses, and compartmentalization of infection. Distinguishing internal from external processes that affect dendrochemistry will enhance the value of EDXRF for both physiological and forensic investigations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Kevin T.; Shortle, Walter C.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Balouet, Jean Christophe] Environm Int, F-60129 Orrouy, France. [Chalot, Michel] Univ Franche Comte, Lab Chronoenvironm, F-25211 Montbelieard, France. [Chalot, Michel] Univ Lorraine, Fac Sci & Technol, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Beaujard, Francois] INRA UBP, UMR PIAF 547, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand 02, France. [Grudd, Hakan] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Vroblesky, Don A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ktsmith@fs.fed.us; balouet.jean-christophe@neuf.fr; wshortle@fs.fed.us; michel.chalot@univ-fcomte.fr; francois.beaujard@clermont.inra.fr; hakan.grudd@natgeo.su.se; vroblesk@usgs.gov; burken@mst.edu RI Grudd, Hakan/G-7952-2012; Burken, Joel /C-2099-2016; CHALOT, Michel/A-1113-2012 OI Grudd, Hakan/0000-0002-9033-2505; Burken, Joel /0000-0002-7774-5364; NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.017 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278DD UT WOS:000328868400009 PM 24034830 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Boykin, DL Klasson, KT Uchimiya, M AF Lima, Isabel M. Boykin, Debbie L. Klasson, K. Thomas Uchimiya, Minori TI Influence of post-treatment strategies on the properties of activated chars from broiler manure SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Activated char; Broiler manure; Acid treatment; Adsorption ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; POULTRY MANURE; CHICKEN MANURE; HEAVY-METALS; THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; CARBON PRODUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FAST PYROLYSIS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE AB There are a myriad of carbonaceous precursors that can be used advantageously to produce activated carbons or chars, due to their low cost, availability and intrinsic properties. Because of the nature of the raw material, production of granular activated chars from broiler manure results in a significant ash fraction. This study was conducted to determine the influence of several pre- and post-treatment strategies in various physicochemical and adsorptive properties of the resulting activated chars. Pelletized samples of broiler litter and cake were pyrolyzed at 700 degrees C for I h followed by a 45 min steam activation at 800 degrees C at different water flow rates from 1 to 5 mL min(-1). For each activation strategy, samples were either water-rinsed or acid-washed and rinsed or used as is (no acid wash/rinse). Activated char's physicochemical and adsorptive properties towards copper ions were selectively affected by both pre- and post-treatments. Percent ash reduction after either rinsing or acid washing ranged from 1.1 to 15.1% but washed activated chars were still alkaline with pH ranging from 8.4 to 9.1. Acid washing or water rinsing had no significant effect in the ability of the activated char to adsorb copper ions, however it significantly affected surface area, pH, ash content and carbon content. Instead, manure type (litter versus cake) and the activation water flow rate were determining factors in copper ion adsorption which ranged from 38 mg g(-1) to 104 mg g(-1) of activated char. Moreover, strong positive correlations were found between copper uptake and concentration of certain elements in the activated char such as phosphorous, sulfur, calcium and sodium. Rinsing could suffice as a post treatment strategy for ash reduction since no significant differences in the carbon properties were observed between rinsed and acid wash treatments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lima, Isabel M.; Klasson, K. Thomas; Uchimiya, Minori] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Boykin, Debbie L.] USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lima, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM isabel.lima@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.027 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278DD UT WOS:000328868400014 PM 24025533 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Watson, JE Nelson, SD AF Williams, C. F. Watson, J. E. Nelson, S. D. TI Comparison of equilibrium and non-equilibrium distribution coefficients for the human drug carbamazepine in soil SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Carbamazepine; Mobility; Sorption; Emerging Contaminant ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; SORPTION-DESORPTION; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; COLUMN TECHNIQUES; TREATMENT PLANTS; TRANSPORT; PHARMACEUTICALS; BATCH; FATE; FLOW AB The distribution coefficient (K-D) for the human drug carbamazepine was measured using a non-equilibrium technique. Repacked soil columns were prepared using an Airport silt loam (Typic Natrustalf) with an average organic matter content of 2.45%. Carbamazepine solutions were then leached through the columns at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mL min(-1) representing average linear velocities of 1.8, 3.5 and 5.3 cm h(-1) respectively. Each flow rate was replicated three times and three carbamazepine pulses were applied to each column resulting in a total of 9 columns with 27 total carbamazepine pulses. Breakthrough curves were used to determine K-D using the parameter fitting software CXTFIT. Results indicate that as flow rate decreased from 5.3 to 1.8 cm h(-1), K-D increased an average of 21%. Additionally, K-D determined by column leaching (14.7-22.7 L kg(-1)) was greater than K-D determined by a 2 h batch equilibrium adsorption (12.6 L kg(-1)). Based on these K-D's carbamazepine would be generally characterized as non-mobile in the soil investigated. However, repeated carbamazepine applications resulted in an average 22% decrease in K-D between the first and third applications. Decreasing K-D is attributed to differences in sorption site kinetics and carbamazepine residence time in contact with the soil. This would indicate that the repeated use of reclaimed wastewater at high application rates for long-term irrigation or groundwater recharge has the potential to lead to greater transport of carbamazepine than K-D determined by batch equilibrium would predict. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Williams, C. F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Watson, J. E.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nelson, S. D.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Dept Agr Agribusiness & Environm Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cordon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM clinton.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.057 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278DD UT WOS:000328868400023 PM 24050717 ER PT J AU Kumar, V Kakkar, G Seal, DR McKenzie, CL Colee, J Osborne, LS AF Kumar, Vivek Kakkar, Garima Seal, Dakshina R. McKenzie, Cindy L. Colee, James Osborne, Lance S. TI Temporal and spatial distribution of an invasive thrips species Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Chilli thrips; Abundance; Vertical distribution; Horizontal distribution; Seasonal abundance ID YELLOW TEA THRIPS; HOOD THYSANOPTERA; SOUTH FLORIDA; CITRUS ORCHARDS; FLOWER THRIPS; DISPERSAL; INSECTICIDES; IMMIGRATION; GREENHOUSE; ABUNDANCE AB Dispersion of a new invasive thrips species in the United States, chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, was studied on three plant hosts, i.e., cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), peanut (Arachis hypogeal L) and pepper (Capsicum annum L) in the greenhouse and under field conditions in Homestead, Florida. In the vertical distribution study, a strong negative relationship was observed between thrips density and height, with the significantly highest mean number of larvae and adults reported on host plants placed at the lowest height (45.7 cm) above ground. The study of horizontal distribution showed that S. dorsalis has weak dispersal potential and aggregates in open areas. During the entire six week study period, thrips were found to move a maximum of 12 m from their reservoir population. During two years (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) of study, a high abundance of thrips population was observed during May-October with the highest mean count during July and August in both years. Flight activity of adults was highest between 10:00and16:00 EST, during peak solar radiation ( similar to 337-653 w/m(2)). Results from these studies will help growers and extension personnel predict farm-scale distribution of S. dorsalis and efficiently monitor the pest for management before they become a serious problem for the vegetable and ornamental industry in the United States. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Vivek; Seal, Dakshina R.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Kakkar, Garima] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [McKenzie, Cindy L.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Colee, James] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Stat, Stat Consulting Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kumar, Vivek; Osborne, Lance S.] Univ Florida, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Kumar, V (reprint author), Univ Florida, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, 2725 South Binion Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. EM vivekiari@ufl.edu RI razi, sabah/B-9044-2014; Kumar, Vivek/E-5777-2016 OI Kumar, Vivek/0000-0003-1988-2536 FU USDA-CSREES Special Grant for the Project; Florida Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Florida's Center for Tropical Agriculture FX We thank vegetable IPM laboratory (TREC-UF) members, including Cathie Sabines, Charles Carter and Carlos for technical support and field preparations. We appreciate Drs. David Schuster and Aaron Dickey for their constructive criticism and helpful comments, which was important in the preparation of earlier versions of this manuscript. This study was funded by a USDA-CSREES Special Grant for the Project: "Distribution of Scirtothrips dorsalis in the Caribbean Region and the development of chemical and biological methods to manage this pest". In addition, the financial support was provided by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of Florida's Center for Tropical Agriculture. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2013.10.015 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 278FA UT WOS:000328873400013 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Horak, KE Lazarus, RS Goldade, DA Johnston, JJ AF Rattner, Barnett A. Horak, Katherine E. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Goldade, David A. Johnston, John J. TI TOXICOKINETICS AND COAGULOPATHY THRESHOLD OF THE RODENTICIDE DIPHACINONE IN EASTERN SCREECH- OWLS (MEGASCOPS ASIO) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anticoagulant rodenticide; Clotting time; Half-life; Secondary poisoning; Toxicity reference value ID ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NEW-YORK; RATS; METABOLISM; DIAGNOSIS; TOXICOSIS; TOXICITY; MICE AB In the United States, new regulations on second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides will likely be offset by expanded use of first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. In the present study, eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio) were fed 10 mu g diphacinone/g wet weight food for 7 d, and recovery was monitored over a 21-d postexposure period. By day 3 of exposure, diphacinone (DPN) was detected in liver (1.63 mu g/g wet wt) and kidney (5.83 mu g/g) and coagulopathy was apparent. By day 7, prothrombin time (PT) and Russell's viper venom time (RVVT) were prolonged, and some individuals were anemic. Upon termination of exposure, coagulopathy and anemia were resolved within 4 d, and residues decreased to <0.3 mu g/g by day 7. Liver and kidney DPN elimination occurred in 2 phases (initial rapid loss, followed by slower loss rate), with overall half-lives of 11.7 d and 2.1 d, respectively. Prolonged PT and RVVT occurred in 10% of the exposed owls with liver DPN concentrations of 0.122 mu g/g and 0.282 mu g/g and in 90% of the owls with liver concentrations of 0.638 mu g/g and 0.361 mu g/g. These liver residue levels associated with coagulopathy fall in the range of values reported in raptor mortality incidents involving DPN. These tissue-based toxicity reference values for coagulopathy in adult screech-owls have application for interpreting nontarget mortality and assessing the hazard of DPN in rodent-control operations. Diphacinone exposure evokes toxicity in raptors within a matter of days; but once exposure is terminated, recovery of hemostasis occurs rapidly. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:74-81. (c) 2013 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Lazarus, Rebecca S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horak, Katherine E.; Goldade, David A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Johnston, John J.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov FU US Department of Agriculture; US Geological Survey; California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [07-0832] FX The authors thank A. Alicea-Lopez, W.C. Bauer, C. Caldwell, C.M. Chandler, B.A. Clauss, D.D. Day, C.S. Hulse, J.P. Male, M.E. Maxey, P.C. Osenton, and C.C. Shafer of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for assistance with animal care and food preparation; S.F. Volker and N. Hoffman of the National Wildlife Research Center for assistance with the diphacinone analyses; and M.S. Johnson and N.B. Vyas for providing valuable comments on a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, the US Geological Survey, and a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee (agreement 07-0832). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1002/etc.2390 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 274HQ UT WOS:000328597800012 PM 24014246 ER PT J AU Xu, DL Liu, HY Li, F Tian, TY Li, RH AF Xu, Donglin Liu, Hsing-Yeh Li, Fan Tian, Tongyan Li, Ruhui TI Characterizations of Carrot thin leaf virus based on host reactions and complete genomic sequences SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carrot thin leaf virus; Host range; Serological reaction; Genomic sequence; Phylogenetic analysis ID FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; MOTTLE-VIRUS; POTYVIRUSES; PROTEINS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; APIACEAE AB Host range of a cilantro isolate of Carrot thin leaf virus (CTLV-Cs) was determined to include 15 plant species. The virus was also transmitted to nine of 11 tested apiaceous species by aphids. Complete genomic sequences of CTLV-Cs and a carrot isolate of CTLV (CTLV-Dc) were determined to be 9,491 and 9,490 nucleotides, respectively, excluding the 3'-poly(A) tail. Sequence analyses showed that the two isolates shared 98 % identities at both genomic and polyprotein sequence levels. Their genomic organization is typical of potyviruses, and their polyproteins contain conserved motifs found in members of the genus Potyvirus. Pairwise comparisons show that the virus shares 52.0-59.6 % identities to those of other members in the genus Potyvirus at genomic sequence level. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that CTLV is a distinct potyvirus most closely related to Konjac mosaic virus. Both biological and molecular results also showed that the two CTLV isolates were very similar although they were isolated from different hosts at different times. C1 [Xu, Donglin; Li, Fan; Li, Ruhui] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, Hsing-Yeh] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Tian, Tongyan] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Li, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ruhui.Li@ars.usda.gov OI Xu, Dongin/0000-0002-5719-2950 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 138 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10658-013-0310-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 281IY UT WOS:000329095600003 ER PT J AU Boutigny, AL Ward, TJ Ballois, N Iancu, G Ioos, R AF Boutigny, Anne-Laure Ward, Todd J. Ballois, Nicolas Iancu, Gabriela Ioos, Renaud TI Diversity of the Fusarium graminearum species complex on French cereals SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium graminearum; Chemotype Trichothecene; Multilocus genotyping assay ID HEAD BLIGHT PATHOGEN; NIVALENOL-PRODUCING CHEMOTYPES; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; TRICHOTHECENE CHEMOTYPES; GENEALOGICAL CONCORDANCE; MYCOTOXIN CHEMOTYPES; SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL AB Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley and Fusarium ear rot (FER) on maize, and harvested grains often are contaminated with trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) that are a major health and food safety concern due to their toxicity to humans and farm animals. In this study, species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 294 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from wheat, barley and maize in France in 2011 was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay. F. graminearum was predominant on all three hosts, but three isolates of F. cortaderiae and two isolates representing F. graminearum x F. boothii hybrids were also identified from maize. The 15-ADON trichothecene chemotype predominated on all three hosts, representing 94.7 %, 87.8 % and 85.4 % of the strains on barley (N = 19), wheat (N = 90), and maize (N = 185), respectively. However, the NIV chemotype was found in 12.2 % of the wheat isolates and in 14.6 % of the maize isolates. Only a single FGSC isolate from this study, originating from barley, was found to have the 3-ADON chemotype. Regional differences could be observed in the distribution of the 15-ADON and NIV chemotypes, with the NIV producing-isolates being present at higher frequency (21.2 %) in the South of France compared to the rest of the country (4.4 %). Such information is critical because of the increased concern associated with NIV contamination of cereals. In addition, these results are needed to develop management strategies for FHB and FER in France and to improve understanding of the distribution and significance of FGSC diversity in Europe and worldwide. C1 [Boutigny, Anne-Laure; Ballois, Nicolas; Ioos, Renaud] ANSES Lab Sante Vegetaux, Unite Mycol, Domaine Pixerecourt, F-54220 Malzeville, France. [Ward, Todd J.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Iancu, Gabriela] Inst Francais Brasserie & Malterie, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Boutigny, AL (reprint author), ANSES Lab Sante Vegetaux, Unite Mycol, Domaine Pixerecourt, F-54220 Malzeville, France. EM anne-laure.boutigny@anses.fr FU "Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail" (ANSES); US Department of Agriculture (USDA) FX We are thankful to Emmanuelle Gourdain (Arvalis, France) for providing cereal samples used in this study. We are grateful to Nathan Orwig and Tom Usgaard (Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, ARS, USDA, USA) for excellent technical assistance. This research was funded by the "Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail" (ANSES) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 138 IS 1 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10658-013-0312-6 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 281IY UT WOS:000329095600014 ER PT J AU Pechal, JL Crippen, TL Benbow, ME Tarone, AM Dowd, S Tomberlin, JK AF Pechal, Jennifer L. Crippen, Tawni L. Benbow, M. Eric Tarone, Aaron M. Dowd, Scot Tomberlin, Jeffery K. TI The potential use of bacterial community succession in forensics as described by high throughput metagenomic sequencing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Necrobiome; Minimum PMI; Bacteria; Carrion; Decomposition; Epinecrotic communities ID ACCUMULATED DEGREE-DAYS; TAG-ENCODED FLX; LUCILIA-SERICATA; CALLIPHORIDAE DEVELOPMENT; PYROSEQUENCING REVEALS; POLYMICROBIAL NATURE; POSTMORTEM INTERVAL; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GROWTH-RATES; BLOW FLY AB Decomposition studies of vertebrate remains primarily focus on data that can be seen with the naked eye, such as arthropod or vertebrate scavenger activity, with little regard for what might be occurring with the microorganism community. Here, we discuss the necrobiome, or community of organisms associated with the decomposition of remains, specifically, the "epinecrotic" bacterial community succession throughout decomposition of vertebrate carrion. Pyrosequencing was used to (1) detect and identify bacterial community abundance patterns that described discrete time points of the decomposition process and (2) identify bacterial taxa important for estimating physiological time, a time-temperature metric that is often commensurate with minimum post-mortem interval estimates, via thermal summation models. There were significant bacterial community structure differences in taxon richness and relative abundance patterns through the decomposition process at both phylum and family taxonomic classification levels. We found a significant negative linear relationship for overall phylum and family taxon richness as decomposition progressed. Additionally, we developed a statistical model using high throughput sequencing data of epinecrotic bacterial communities on vertebrate remains that explained 94.4 % of the time since placement of remains in the field, which was within 2-3 h of death. These bacteria taxa are potentially useful for estimating the minimum post-mortem interval. Lastly, we provide a new framework and standard operating procedure of how this novel approach of using high throughput metagenomic sequencing has remarkable potential as a new forensic tool. Documenting and identifying differences in bacterial communities is key to advancing knowledge of the carrion necrobiome and its applicability in forensic science. C1 [Pechal, Jennifer L.; Tarone, Aaron M.; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pechal, Jennifer L.; Benbow, M. Eric] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Crippen, Tawni L.] ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, Scot] Mol Res LP, Shallowater, TX 79363 USA. RP Pechal, JL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jenpechal18@gmail.com; tc.crippen@ars.usda.gov; eric.benbow@gmail.com; amtarone@tamu.edu; sdowd@mrdnalab.com; jktomberlin@tamu.edu OI Tarone, Aaron/0000-0003-0965-7634 FU Department of Entomology; Whole Systems Genome Initiative at Texas AM University; Department of Entomology at Texas AM University; Texas A&M University AgriLife Research; University of Dayton Research Council; Department of Biology FX We thank A. Lewis, T. Blair, and J. White for their help during the study. The Blair family is gratefully acknowledged for allowing access to their property for this research. We thank B. Singh for assistance in the metagenomic data sequence classification processing. Financial support was given to JLP from the Department of Entomology and the Whole Systems Genome Initiative at Texas A&M University. AMT and JKT would like to thank the Department of Entomology at Texas A&M University and Texas A&M University AgriLife Research for financial support of this project. MEB was supported by the University of Dayton Research Council and the Department of Biology. NR 86 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0937-9827 EI 1437-1596 J9 INT J LEGAL MED JI Int. J. Legal Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 128 IS 1 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s00414-013-0872-1 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 281JI UT WOS:000329096700025 PM 23749255 ER PT J AU Chastant, JE King, DT Weseloh, DVC Moore, DJ AF Chastant, Jennifer E. King, D. Tommy Weseloh, D. V. Chip Moore, David J. TI Population Dynamics of Double-Crested Cormorants in Two Interior Breeding Areas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; demographics; Great Lakes region; Lefkovitch matrix models; mark-recapture models; migration; Phalacrocorax auritus; population dynamics; survival estimation ID SHAGS PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; GREAT-LAKES; COLONY FIDELITY; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; AURITUS; CONSERVATION; RECOVERIES; ONTARIO; GROWTH AB Because of rapid population expansion, conflicts between double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and humans have increased, particularly at aquaculture facilities in the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV), United States. Although key demographic information on the Interior population is sparse, management decisions for population reduction are already in place across their breeding range. New evidence suggests the Appalachian Mountains may act as a migration divide for Interior cormorants, causing some birds to migrate between LMRV and the western Great Lakes, whereas others migrate between Florida and the eastern Great Lakes. Most of the banded cormorants recovered near LMRV aquaculture facilities were banded as nestlings at colonies from the central Great Lakes west to the northern Great Plains. We selected 2 geographically distinct Interior cormorant breeding areas: west of the Great Lakes in Lake of the Woods (LOW) and eastern Lake Ontario (ELO), located on either side of the migration divide in the province of Ontario, Canada, to study population dynamics. We used age-specific classes for our mark-recapture analysis (Program MARK) on data collected from 9,498 color-banded cormorants during the breeding seasons of 2000-2008. Adult survival was the same for both areas (LOW=0.84 +/- 0.09 SE, ELO=0.83 +/- 0.05 SE). Finite rates of population growth () were also similar (LOW=1.01, ELO=0.97) and sensitivity analyses indicated that adult survival was the most influential vital rate contributing to for both breeding areas. However, young-of-the-year survival estimates were distinctly less in ELO (0.19 +/- 0.02 SE) than in LOW (0.45 +/- 0.10 SE) and sensitivity analysis revealed that young-of-the-year survival played a key role in ELO population growth. Moreover, ELO breeding area fidelity (F) was much greater (0.94 +/- 0.05 SE) than the F estimates for all age classes in LOW (between 0.68 +/- 0.19 SE and 0.80 +/- 0.13 SE). Considering these regional demographic differences, we recommend that future management efforts be based on migratory flyways within the Interior population. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society C1 [Chastant, Jennifer E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [King, D. Tommy] WS, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Weseloh, D. V. Chip] Canadian Wildlife Serv Ontario Reg, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Moore, David J.] Canadian Wildlife Serv Ontario Reg, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Chastant, JE (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM jchastan@fau.edu FU National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado; Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada FX This project received support from multiple organizations, agencies, and individuals. We thank the technicians at the United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi field station for providing technical and logistics support and the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, J. McNulty, S. Lockhart, L. Skitt, S. Elliott, and P. Rubens for providing logistical and boat support. Thanks to numerous volunteers, S. Elbin, E. Craig, S. Hanisch, K. Ruskin, and E. Plazarte for assistance in the field and the private landowners that granted access to the study sites. Thanks also to J. Coleman, H. Mathewson, G. Herring, J. Klassen, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado. Canadian participation was funded by the Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1002/jwmg.628 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500002 ER PT J AU Krause, SK Kelt, DA Gionfriddo, JP Van Vuren, DH AF Krause, Sara K. Kelt, Douglas A. Gionfriddo, James P. Van Vuren, Dirk H. TI Efficacy and Health Effects of a Wildlife Immunocontraceptive Vaccine on Fox Squirrels SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; eastern fox squirrel; GonaCon; immunocontraception; population control; reproduction; Sciurus niger; wildlife contraception; wildlife damage ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SCIURUS-CAROLINENSIS; FERTILITY-CONTROL; GNRH VACCINE; GRAY SQUIRRELS; ADJUVANT; IMMUNIZATION; GONACON(TM); POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Continued range expansion of introduced eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) in the western United States could lead to widespread damage to agricultural crops, facility infrastructures, and displacement of the native western gray squirrel (S. griseus). Because traditional management alternatives may not be feasible in many areas, public interest in the use of immunocontraceptive to control local populations has increased. We evaluated the efficacy of GonaCon immunocontraceptive vaccine for controlling eastern fox squirrel reproduction in Davis, California. We administered GonaCon to 33 male and 26 female fox squirrels, and a control substance to 33 males and 24 females. We subsequently compared the reproductive status, health, and serum concentrations of testosterone and progesterone of our treated and control populations. In our treated population, we also measured serum concentrations of antibodies to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). To determine potential side effects of the vaccine, we recorded body weight and body condition of all animals, examined injection sites during each recapture, and observed the treated squirrels in the field for signs of discomfort and impaired mobility. Over 17 months, none of the recaptured GonaCon-treated females (n=20) reproduced, compared to 12 of 15 control females. Treated males and females developed sufficient antibodies to GnRH to suppress reproduction, suggesting that GonaCon has the potential to be 100% effective in inhibiting reproduction in both sexes. We also observed a reduction in physical signs of reproductive activity for males (P<0.001) and in hormone levels of both females (P<0.001) and males (P<0.001). Control and GonaCon-treated animals did not differ in body weight but vaccinated squirrels had poorer body condition scores and exhibited severe injection site abscesses. The abscesses may have been caused by the GnRH conjugate used in GonaCon. In our study, GonaCon was effective in reducing eastern fox squirrel reproduction. Changes in the conjugate or its preparation may reduce the severity of associated injection site reactions. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society C1 [Krause, Sara K.; Kelt, Douglas A.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gionfriddo, James P.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Krause, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM skkrause@ucdavis.edu FU UCD Grounds Department; United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service National Wildlife Research Center FX This study would not have been possible without the help and cooperation from S. Genito and UCD Facilities and Maintenance Services and numerous undergraduate volunteers who assisted with many aspects of the project including squirrel trapping and data entry. We thank A. D. Bennett for editing assistance, C. Laursen, J. Wallace, A. Hsiung, C. Kamaroff, J. Jones, D. Lieske, D. Strunk, M. Wahl, B. DeCourten, K. Ho, I. Huang, and M. Lopez for field assistance, and B. May for use of laboratory time and equipment. We also thank M. Fraker and 1 anonymous reviewer for comments on an earlier draft, which helped strengthen this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the UCD Grounds Department and the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service National Wildlife Research Center. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1002/jwmg.635 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500003 ER PT J AU Ganey, JL White, GC Ward, JP Kyle, SC Apprill, DL Rawlinson, TA Jonnes, RS AF Ganey, Joseph L. White, Gary C. Ward, James P., Jr. Kyle, Sean C. Apprill, Darrell L. Rawlinson, Todd A. Jonnes, Ryan S. TI Demography of Mexican Spotted Owls in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE demography; fecundity; Mexican spotted owl; population trend; population viability; Pradel model; recruitment; reparameterized Jolly-Seber model; survival; vital rates ID SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; MARK AB Information on population dynamics is key to gauging the status of threatened or endangered species. We monitored demography of a population of threatened Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico from 2003 to 2011. We estimated reproductive output for territorial pairs of owls; used mark-recapture methodology and Pradel's reparameterized Jolly-Seber models to estimate annual apparent survival rates, recapture rates, recruitment rates, and annual rate of population change ((RJS)) for 2005-2009; and used estimates of (RJS) to assess short-term population viability. Reproductive output was highly variable for 2004-2011, whereas annual apparent survival and recapture rates were less variable among years. Annual rates of population change exceeded 1.0 for both sexes from 2005 to 2009, and empirical observations of numbers of territorial owls supported the model-based trend estimate. Abundance of territorial owls was strongly related to reproduction within the study area, suggesting that population change was driven largely by internal processes. Population viability analyses suggested that population growth was likely to continue in the short term if current conditions persist. The positive growth rates observed in our study populations are encouraging, and may indicate that current recommendations for recovering this owl are succeeding. However, our estimates of (RJS) covered a very short time period, given both the potential lifespan of Mexican spotted owls and the extent of temporal variability in weather typical of the southwestern United States. Longer studies of owl demography than we present will be required to understand long-term population trends, and such studies should extend across the range of the subspecies. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ganey, Joseph L.; Ward, James P., Jr.; Kyle, Sean C.; Apprill, Darrell L.; Rawlinson, Todd A.; Jonnes, Ryan S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM jganey@fs.fed.us FU Southwestern Region, United States Forest Service (USFS); Lincoln National Forest; Rocky Mountain Research Station, USFS; USFS, SW Region FX We thank the many dedicated field personnel who helped locate, capture, and resight owls within the Sacramento Mountains, including T. Bartnick, A. Behney, T. Borneman, C. Brayton, N. Brown, J. Cannon, M. Chappell, C. Cobb, M. Collado, J. Cooper, M. Crabb, R. Crandall, C. Domschke, C. Edge, T. Felkey, L. Gedacht, C. Glenney, J. Gorey, J. Goyette, J. Groce, S. Halsey, D. Harrington, T. Heard, M. Hillman, T. Holland, J. Hyre, M. Ihnken, S. Isham, J. Jerrett, R. Johnson, J. Justus, M. Kern, D. Kite, R. Landry, R. Lavier, A. Mahoney, R. McLain, P. Mercer, S. Miller, F. Monreal, C. Mosby, L. Navarrete, M. Neely, C. Okraska, H. Oswald, A. Parrish, M. Peterson, R. Peterson, E. Pollom, D. Skalos, C. Schmidt, N. Smith, M. Riley, B. Rubeck, A. Salonikios, R. Seeley, G. Sorrentino, C. Starkweather, J. Taylor, R. Trujillo, N. Unsworth, A. VandeVoort, N. von Hedeman, K. Wagner, A. Walters, K. Weber, and J. Whiteman. We also thank personnel on the Sacramento Ranger District, Lincoln National Forest (especially M. Mauter, J. Montoya, D. Salas, R. Guadarrama, and J. Williams), for operational support during the Sacramento Mountains demography study, as well as the numerous landowners who graciously allowed us to access call points located on private land. Major funding was provided by the Southwestern Region, United States Forest Service (USFS), with additional funding from the Lincoln National Forest and Rocky Mountain Research Station, USFS. We thank D. DeLorenzo (USFS, SW Region) for his support and assistance with securing funding throughout the study. J. A. Blakesley, B. Collier, M. M. Conner, P. Stacey, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful suggestions on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1002/jwmg.642 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 278ZN UT WOS:000328928500006 ER PT J AU Rios-Castillo, I Olivares, M Brito, A de Romana, DL Pizarro, F AF Rios-Castillo, Israel Olivares, Manuel Brito, Alex Lopez de Romana, Daniel Pizarro, Fernando TI One-month of calcium supplementation does not affect iron bioavailability: A randomized controlled trial SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Iron; Calcium; Women; Bioavailability ID NONHEME-IRON; HEME-IRON; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ABSORPTION; HUMANS; RETENTION; BLOOD; ZINC AB Objectives: Calcium (ca) and iron (Fe) are essential minerals for normal growth and development. Although previous studies have shown that Ca inhibits acute Fe absorption, there is no evidence of the possible long- or medium-term effects of Ca supplementation on Fe bioavailability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 34 d of Ca supplementation on heme Fe and non-heme Fe bioavailability in non-pregnant women of ages 33 to 47 y. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Twenty-six healthy women (40 +/- 5 y) were randomly assigned to receive either 600 mg of elemental Ca/d as CaCO3 (Ca group, n = 13) or a placebo (P group, n = 13) for 34 d. Heme Fe and non-heme Fe bioavailability were determined before and after treatment using Fe-55 and Fe-59 radioisotopes. A two-factor, repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences by treatment and timing. Results: The geometric mean (range +/- 1 SD) of heme Fe bioavailability before and after treatment was 16.5% (8.3-32.8) and 26% (15.5-43.6) for the Ca group and 21.8% (13.0-36.6) and 25.1% (16.5-38.3) for the P group. Non-heme Fe bioavailability before and after treatment was 39.5% (19.9-78.7) and 34.1% (19.1-60.6) for the Ca group, and 44.6% (24.9-79.7) and 39.3% (24.3-63.4) for the P group. There were no differences in either heme Fe or non-heme Fe bioavailability either at baseline or after treatment. Conclusion: The administration of calcium supplements for 34 d does not affect iron bioavailability. This trial is registered with Controlled-trials.gov, number ISRCTN 89888123. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rios-Castillo, Israel; Olivares, Manuel; Brito, Alex; Lopez de Romana, Daniel; Pizarro, Fernando] Univ Chile, Micronutrient Lab, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile. [Rios-Castillo, Israel] Reg Bur Latin Amer & Caribbean, World Food Program, Panama City, Panama. [Brito, Alex] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Pizarro, F (reprint author), Univ Chile, Micronutrient Lab, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile. EM fpizarro@inta.uchile.cl RI Pizarro, Fernando/K-5266-2012; Brito, Alex/I-2858-2013 OI Pizarro, Fernando/0000-0001-6088-1119; Brito, Alex/0000-0002-6212-8814 FU Chilean National Research Council [FONDECYT 1095038] FX The study was supported by grants from the Chilean National Research Council (FONDECYT 1095038). We would like to thank Sotiris Chaniotakis for his work editing this manuscript. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2013.06.007 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 281DF UT WOS:000329079400007 PM 24290597 ER PT J AU Revay, EE Muller, GC Qualls, WA Kline, DL Naranjo, DP Arheart, KL Kravchenko, VD Yefremova, Z Hausmann, A Beier, JC Schlein, Y Xue, RD AF Revay, Edita E. Mueller, Gunter C. Qualls, Whitney A. Kline, Daniel L. Naranjo, Diana P. Arheart, Kristopher L. Kravchenko, Vasiliy D. Yefremova, Zoya Hausmann, Axel Beier, John C. Schlein, Yosef Xue, Rui-De TI Control of Aedes albopictus with attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) and potential impact on non-target organisms in St. Augustine, Florida SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; MOSQUITO-CONTROL; SURVIVAL; DENGUE; BLOOD AB The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of bait stations and foliar applications containing attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) and eugenol to control Aedes albopictus. At the same time, the potential impact of these control methods was evaluated on non-target organisms. The study was conducted at five tire sites in St. Augustine, Florida. A. albopictus populations were significantly reduced with ATSB-eugenol applications applied directly to non-flowering vegetation and as bait stations compared with non-attractive sugar baits and control. The application of ATSB made to non-flowering vegetation resulted in more significant reductions of mosquito populations compared to the application of ATSB presented in a bait station. Over 5.5 % of the non-targets were stained in the flowering vegetation application site. However, when the attractive sugar bait application was made to non-flowering vegetation or presented in bait stations, the impact on non-target insects was very low for all non-target orders as only 0.6 % of the individual insects were stained with the dye from the sugar solutions, respectively. There were no significant differences between the staining of mosquitoes collected in flowering vegetation (206/1000) or non-flowering vegetation (242/1000) sites during the non-target evaluation. Our field studies support the use of eugenol as an active ingredient for controlling the dengue vector A. albopictus when used as an ATSB toxin and demonstrates potential use in sub-tropical and tropical environments for dengue control. C1 [Revay, Edita E.; Schlein, Yosef] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Bruce Rappaport Fac Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, IL-34995 Haifa, Israel. [Mueller, Gunter C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, IMRIC,Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Qualls, Whitney A.; Naranjo, Diana P.; Arheart, Kristopher L.; Beier, John C.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Kline, Daniel L.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Kravchenko, Vasiliy D.; Yefremova, Zoya] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Yefremova, Zoya] Ulyanovsk State Pedag Univ, Ulyanosvk 432700, Russia. [Hausmann, Axel] SNSB, Bavarian Nat Hist Collect, Munich, Germany. [Hausmann, Axel] Bavarian State Collect Zool ZSM, Munich, Germany. [Xue, Rui-De] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. RP Qualls, WA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM quallsamcd@bellsouth.net FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [R01AI100968] FX We would like to thank the staff and commissioners of the Anastasia Mosquito Control District for supporting this research. The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AI100968. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 113 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00436-013-3628-4 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 281MU UT WOS:000329106500009 PM 24122115 ER PT J AU Cruz, JL Alves, AAC LeCain, DR Ellis, DD Morgan, JA AF Cruz, Jailson L. Alves, Alfredo A. C. LeCain, Daniel R. Ellis, David D. Morgan, Jack A. TI Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrate: ammonium ratios on gas exchange and growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Photosynthesis; Water use efficiency; Stomatal conductance; Transpiration; Nitrogen; Climate change ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; ASSIMILATION AB This study evaluated how different nitrogen forms affect growth and photosynthetic responses of cassava to CO2 concentration. Cassava was grown in 14-L pots in a greenhouse at 390 or 750 ppm of CO2. Three nitrogen treatments were applied: (a) 12 mM NO3 (-), (b) 6 mM NO3 (-) + 6 mM NH4 (+), and (c) 12 mM NH4 (+). Thirty-six days after treatments began, plants grown under elevated CO2 and fertilized only with NO3 (-) (750_NO3 (-)) had photosynthetic rates similar to plants grown under 390_NO3 (-), indicating significant photosynthetic acclimation to CO2. In contrast, photosynthetic rates at elevated CO2 increased as NH4 (+) increased in the nutrient solution, such that photosynthetic acclimation was reduced for plants fertilized with only NH4 (+). However, this positive effect of NH4 (+) on photosynthesis was not observed in more advanced growth stages, and the toxic effects of NH4 (+) severely reduced total dry mass for these plants measured at the end of the experiment. Our results indicate that cassava will respond with increased biomass accumulation in response to raising atmospheric CO2 levels, and that N form can have an important impact on the photosynthetic response. However, the positive effect of NH4 (+) fertilization on cassava photosynthetic CO2 response eventually led to a toxicity problem that reduced biomass production. The challenge is to determine how to manage NH4 (+) fertilization so that the photosynthetic benefit observed in the initial phase may persist throughout the crop cycle. C1 [Cruz, Jailson L.] Embrapa Mandioca & Fruticultura, BR-44380000 Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Alves, Alfredo A. C.] NCGRP ARS USDA, Embrapa Labex USA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [LeCain, Daniel R.; Morgan, Jack A.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Alves, Alfredo A. C.; Ellis, David D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Cruz, JL (reprint author), Embrapa Mandioca & Fruticultura, CP 007, BR-44380000 Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. EM jailson.cruz@embrapa.br NR 59 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 78 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2014 VL 374 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1869-8 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 277WE UT WOS:000328849200003 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, MW Grusak, MA AF Vasconcelos, Marta W. Grusak, Michael A. TI Morpho-physiological parameters affecting iron deficiency chlorosis in soybean (Glycine max L.) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE IDC; Iron; Reductase; Soybean; Trifoliate; Unifoliolate ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; CHLOROPHYLL METER; LEAF CHLOROSIS; FE-DEFICIENCY; PLANTS; BICARBONATE; RESISTANCE; EFFICIENCY; GENOTYPES; ROOTS AB Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) leads to severe leaf chlorosis, low photosynthetic rates, and yield reductions of several million metric tonnes each year. In order to devise breeding and genetic transformation programs that aim at generating high-yielding and IDC-tolerant soybean lines, it is necessary to better understand the mechanisms that enable tolerant plants to survive under Fe-limiting conditions. An in silico analysis in the USDA soybean collection allowed the identification of a set of novel efficient and inefficient soybean cultivars which can be used in future studies concerning IDC response. Plants were grown in iron deficient and iron sufficient conditions using a bicarbonate system and several IDC-related aspects were studied. A new set of efficient and inefficient soybean lines were identified in silico, and their tolerance to IDC was confirmed under laboratorial conditions. New plant traits that are highly correlated to IDC scoring were identified: a negative correlation was found between SPAD values and stem weight, weight of the unifoliolates and iron concentration of the first unifoliolates was found; higher SPAD values were correlated with the amount of iron in the first trifoliate leaves. Our data also show that having higher concentrations of iron in the seeds provides increased resistance to IDC. No correlation was found between root iron reductase activity and chlorosis. Soybean differential chlorosis susceptibility between different accessions is linked to specific morpho-physiological parameters such as unifoliolate leaf size, stem weigh, concentration of iron in the seeds, and tissue iron partitioning. C1 [Vasconcelos, Marta W.; Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Vasconcelos, MW (reprint author), Univ Catolica Portuguesa Porto, CBQF Ctr Biotecnol & Quim Fina Lab Associado, Escola Super Biotecnol, Rua Dr Antonio Bernardino Almeida, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal. EM mvasconcelos@porto.ucp.pt OI Vasconcelos, Marta/0000-0002-5110-7006 FU USDA-ARS [58-6250-0-008]; FCT [PTDC/AGR-GPL/102861/2008] FX This work was funded in part by funds from USDA-ARS under agreement No. 58-6250-0-008 to M.A.G. The authors would like to thank Tom Clemente for providing the 392-3 and U00-424033 soybean lines. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors would also like to thank FCT for funding the project "IMPROVIRON: Improved Productivity and Iron Nutrition in Legume Grains" (PTDC/AGR-GPL/102861/2008). NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2014 VL 374 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1842-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 277WE UT WOS:000328849200012 ER PT J AU Seversike, TM Sermons, SM Sinclair, TR Carter, TE Rufty, TW AF Seversike, Thomas M. Sermons, Shannon M. Sinclair, Thomas R. Carter, Thomas E., Jr. Rufty, Thomas W. TI Physiological properties of a drought-resistant wild soybean genotype: Transpiration control with soil drying and expression of root morphology SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Glycine soja; Glycine max; Fraction of transpirable soil water; Drought; Transpiration efficiency ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; WATER-DEFICIT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; PLANT INTRODUCTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GLYCINE-MAX; GROWTH; RESPONSES; TRAITS AB Wild soybean accession PI 468917 [Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.)] was examined for traits that could potentially be beneficial for development of drought resistant soybean cultivars. Water use was examined in controlled environment chambers at three temperatures (25, 30, and 35 A degrees C). Root morphology of plants grown in hydroponics was analyzed using digital imaging software. Wild soybean had lower transpiration efficiency in producing mass than the domesticated soybean cultivar Hutcheson at all temperatures. As soil dried, wild soybean decreased transpiration earlier (at a higher soil water content) than domesticated soybean, but only at 25 A degrees C. Wild soybean had much greater root length than the modern soybean when grown at 25 or 30 A degrees C in hydroponics, with the increase observed in the 0.25 to 0.50 mm diameter class. Wild soybean's advantages dissipated at higher growth temperatures. Wild soybean populations, potentially, can offer useful traits for improving drought resistance of modern soybean. Sensitive transpiration control in response to soil drying would contribute to 'slow-wilting' strategies known to be advantageous for drought resistance, and greater root length would enhance water acquisition from the soil profile. Use of the traits in breeding programs will require extending the temperature range for trait expression. C1 [Seversike, Thomas M.] Syngenta Seeds, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. [Sermons, Shannon M.; Sinclair, Thomas R.; Rufty, Thomas W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Carter, Thomas E., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rufty, TW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_rufty@ncsu.edu NR 56 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2014 VL 374 IS 1-2 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1757-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 277WE UT WOS:000328849200027 ER PT J AU Haynes, AG Schutz, M Buchmann, N Page-Dumroese, DS Busse, MD Risch, AC AF Haynes, Alan G. Schuetz, Martin Buchmann, Nina Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Busse, Matt D. Risch, Anita C. TI Linkages between grazing history and herbivore exclusion on decomposition rates in mineral soils of subalpine grasslands SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Cotton decomposition rate; Soil temperature; Soil moisture; Microbial biomass carbon; C:N ratio; Soil carbon ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CELLULOSE DECOMPOSITION; PLANT; DEFOLIATION; CARBON; CO2; RESPONSES AB Herbivore-driven changes to soil properties can influence the decomposition rate of organic material and therefore soil carbon cycling within grassland ecosystems. We investigated how aboveground foraging mammalian and invertebrate herbivores affect mineral soil decomposition rates and associated soil properties in two subalpine vegetation types (short-grass and tall-grass) with different grazing histories. Using exclosures with differing mesh sizes, we progressively excluded large, medium and small mammals and invertebrates from the two vegetation types in the Swiss National Park (SNP). Mineral soil decomposition rates were assessed using the cotton cloth (standard substrate) method between May and September 2010. Decomposition displayed strong spatio-temporal variability, best explained by soil temperature. Exclusion of large mammals increased decomposition rates, but further exclusion reduced decomposition rates again in the lightly grazed (tall-grass) vegetation. No difference among treatments was found in the heavily grazed (short-grass) vegetation. Heavily grazed areas had higher decomposition rates than the lightly grazed areas because of higher soil temperatures. Microbial biomass carbon and soil C:N ratio were also linked to spatio-temporal decomposition patterns, but not to grazing history. Despite altering some of the environmental controls of decomposition, cellulose decomposition rates in the SNP's subalpine grasslands appear to be mostly resistant to short-term herbivore exclusion. C1 [Haynes, Alan G.; Schuetz, Martin; Risch, Anita C.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Buchmann, Nina] ETH, Inst Agr Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Busse, Matt D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Haynes, AG (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM alan.haynes@wsl.ch; anita.risch@wsl.ch RI Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012; OI Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336; Haynes, Alan G/0000-0003-1374-081X FU Swiss National Science Foundation, SNF [31003A_122009/1]; SNP FX We would like to thank the employees and volunteers of the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research and the Swiss National Park for assistance with fence construction, data collection and lab analyses. Special thanks go to Anna Schweiger for assistance preparing the cloths. We are also grateful to the SNP for administrative support throughout our research, as well as Douglas A. Frank and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, SNF grant-no 31003A_122009/1, to ACR, MS and Flurin Filli (SNP). NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2014 VL 374 IS 1-2 BP 579 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1905-8 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 277WE UT WOS:000328849200044 ER PT J AU Bernard, E Larkin, RP Tavantzis, S Erich, MS Alyokhin, A Gross, SD AF Bernard, Edward Larkin, Robert P. Tavantzis, Stellos Erich, M. Susan Alyokhin, Andrei Gross, Serena D. TI Rapeseed rotation, compost and biocontrol amendments reduce soilborne diseases and increase tuber yield in organic and conventional potato production systems SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Biocontrol; Compost amendment; Disease-suppressive; Disease management; Potato production; Rhizoctonia solani; Brassica rotation ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; GREEN MANURES; CROP-ROTATION; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-SOLANI; BIOLOGICAL AMENDMENTS; PLANT-DISEASES; SILVER SCURF; DAMPING-OFF; TRICHODERMA AB Integrating multiple soil and disease management practices may improve crop productivity and disease control, but potential interactions and limitations need to be determined. Three different potential disease-suppressive management practices, including a Brassica napus (rapeseed) green manure rotation crop, conifer-based compost amendment, and three biological control organisms (Trichoderma virens, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhizoctonia solani hypovirulent isolate Rhs1A1) were evaluated alone and in combination at sites with both organic and conventional management histories for their effects on soilborne diseases and tuber yield. Rapeseed rotation reduced all observed soilborne diseases (stem canker, black scurf, common scab, and silver scurf) by 10 to 52 % in at least one year at both sites. Compost amendment had variable effects on tuber diseases, but consistently increased yield (by 9 to 15 %) at both sites. Biocontrol effects on disease varied, though Rhs1A1 decreased black scurf at the conventional site and T. virens reduced multiple diseases at the organic site in at least one year. Combining rapeseed rotation with compost amendment both reduced disease and increased yield, whereas biocontrol additions produced only marginal additive effects. Use of these treatments alone, and in combination, can be effective at reducing disease and increasing yield under both conventional and organic production practices. C1 [Bernard, Edward; Tavantzis, Stellos; Alyokhin, Andrei] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Larkin, Robert P.] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Erich, M. Susan] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Gross, Serena D.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Bob.Larkin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Organic Transition Grant [2007-51106-03791]; Northeast IPM Grant [2007-34103-17076]; Hatch Grant FX We would like to thank Leanne Matthiesen, Gary Sewell, Roger Jardine, Jim Gerritsen, Randy Smith, Ethel Champaco, Megan Patterson, Renee Rioux, Kristopher Cooper, Jen Brown, Sara Caldwell, Stephanie Cash, Caleb Gerritsen, Peter Gerritsen, Ryan Guillemette, Katie Moulton, Kylie Palmer, Katie Priest, Benjamin Richard, and Valerie Shaffer for technical assistance. This research was supported in part by the USDA Organic Transition Grant 2007-51106-03791, the Northeast IPM Grant 2007-34103-17076 and Hatch Grant. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication No. 3344. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2014 VL 374 IS 1-2 BP 611 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s11104-013-1909-4 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 277WE UT WOS:000328849200046 ER PT J AU Ronchi, CF Ferreira, ALA Campos, FJ Kurokawa, CS Carpi, MF Moraes, MA Bonatto, RC Yeum, KJ Fioretto, JR AF Ronchi, Carlos Fernando Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia Campos, Fabio Joly Kurokawa, Cilmery Suemi Carpi, Mario Ferreira Moraes, Marcos Aurelio Bonatto, Rossano Cesar Yeum, Kyung-Jin Fioretto, Jose Roberto TI Interactive effects of mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide and oxidative stress in acute lung injury SO RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conventional mechanical ventilation; DNA damage; High-frequency oscillatory ventilation; Inhaled nitric oxide; Pulmonary oxidative stress ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION; RABBIT MODEL; STRATEGIES; INHALATION; CHILDREN; THERAPY; FAILURE; INFANTS AB To compare conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), with/without inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), for oxygenation, inflammation, antioxidant/oxidative stress status, and DNA damage in a model of acute lung injury (ALI). Lung injury was induced by tracheal infusion of warm saline. Rabbits were ventilated at F-IO2 1.0 and randomly assigned to one of five groups. Overall antioxidant defense/oxidative stress was assessed by total antioxidant performance assay, and DNA damage by comet assay. Ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 30 min for 4 h. ALI groups showed worse oxygenation than controls after lung injury. After 4 h of mechanical ventilation, HFOV groups presented significant improvements in oxygenation. HFOV with and without iNO, and CMV with iNO showed significantly increased antioxidant defense and reduced DNA damage than CMV without iNO. Inhaled nitric oxide did not beneficially affect HFOV in relation to antioxidant defense/oxidative stress and pulmonary DNA damage. Overall, lung injury was reduced using HFOV or CMV with iNO. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Ronchi, Carlos Fernando; Campos, Fabio Joly; Kurokawa, Cilmery Suemi; Carpi, Mario Ferreira; Moraes, Marcos Aurelio; Bonatto, Rossano Cesar; Fioretto, Jose Roberto] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Ronchi, Carlos Fernando; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ronchi, Carlos Fernando] Univ Sagrado Coracao, Dept Hlth Sci, BR-17011160 Bauru, SP, Brazil. RP Ronchi, CF (reprint author), Univ Sagrado Coracao, Dept Hlth Sci, BR-17011160 Bauru, SP, Brazil. EM ronchi.carlos@yahoo.com RI Kurokawa, Cilmery /C-2851-2012 OI Kurokawa, Cilmery /0000-0003-1380-7527 FU FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo), Sao Paulo, SP [2008/08199-2]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA: 58-1950-7-07] FX Supported in part by FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo), Sao Paulo, SP, process number: 2008/08199-2 and by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement, USDA: 58-1950-7-07. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of UNESP or the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. We thank the entire staff of the Clinical and Experimental Laboratory of the Pediatrics Department-UNESP and the Experimental Laboratory of Tufts University for their assistance and Colin E. Knaggs for text revision. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-9048 EI 1878-1519 J9 RESP PHYSIOL NEUROBI JI Respir. Physiol. Neuro. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 190 IS 1 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.resp.2013.10.008 PG 6 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 280BY UT WOS:000329004900017 PM 24148688 ER PT J AU Gross, K Cardinale, BJ Fox, JW Gonzalez, A Loreau, M Polley, HW Reich, PB van Ruijven, J AF Gross, Kevin Cardinale, Bradley J. Fox, Jeremy W. Gonzalez, Andrew Loreau, Michel Polley, H. Wayne Reich, Peter B. van Ruijven, Jasper TI Species Richness and the Temporal Stability of Biomass Production: A New Analysis of Recent Biodiversity Experiments SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; competition; species richness; primary productivity; stability ID ECOSYSTEM STABILITY; STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY; FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS; COMPETITIVE COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; UNDERLYING MECHANISMS; AQUATIC MICROCOSMS; PLANT DIVERSITY; VARIABILITY; POPULATION AB The relationship between biological diversity and ecological stability has fascinated ecologists for decades. Determining the generality of this relationship, and discovering the mechanisms that underlie it, are vitally important for ecosystem management. Here, we investigate how species richness affects the temporal stability of biomass production by reanalyzing 27 recent biodiversity experiments conducted with primary producers. We find that, in grasslands, increasing species richness stabilizes whole-community biomass but destabilizes the dynamics of constituent populations. Community biomass is stabilized because species richness impacts mean biomass more strongly than its variance. In algal communities, species richness has a minimal effect on community stability because richness affects the mean and variance of biomass nearly equally. Using a new measure of synchrony among species, we find that for both grasslands and algae, temporal correlations in species biomass are lower when species are grown together in polyculture than when grown alone in monoculture. These results suggest that interspecific interactions tend to stabilize community biomass in diverse communities. Contrary to prevailing theory, we found no evidence that species'' responses to environmental variation in monoculture predicted the strength of diversity''s stabilizing effect. Together, these results deepen our understanding of when and why increasing species richness stabilizes community biomass. C1 [Gross, Kevin] N Carolina State Univ, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cardinale, Bradley J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fox, Jeremy W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Gonzalez, Andrew] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Loreau, Michel] CNRS, Ctr Biodivers Theory & Modelling, Expt Ecol Stn, F-09200 Moulis, France. [Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia. [van Ruijven, Jasper] Wageningen Univ, Nat Conservat & Plant Ecol Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Gross, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kevin_gross@ncsu.edu RI Gonzalez, Andrew /F-2247-2010 OI Gonzalez, Andrew /0000-0001-6075-8081 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0842101, NSF-1046121]; Canada Research Chair program; TULIP Laboratory of Excellence [ANR-10-LABX-41] FX We thank T. Ives for helpful discussion, we thank K. Fritschie for curating data, and we thank two reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DEB-0842101 to K.G. and NSF-1046121 to B.J.C. A.G. is supported by the Canada Research Chair program, and M.L. acknowledges support by the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41). NR 54 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 19 U2 191 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 183 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1086/673915 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 269KV UT WOS:000328241100002 PM 24334731 ER PT J AU Xu, JW Fonseca, DM Hamilton, GC Hoelmer, KA Nielsen, AL AF Xu, Jiawu Fonseca, Dina M. Hamilton, George C. Hoelmer, Kim A. Nielsen, Anne L. TI Tracing the origin of US brown marmorated stink bugs, Halyomorpha halys SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE East Asia; Introduction history; Invasive species; Mitochondrial DNA; Phylogeography; Source population ID HEMIPTERA-PENTATOMIDAE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-VARIATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; STATISTICAL TESTS; POPULATION-GROWTH; STAL HETEROPTERA; CONTROL REGION; UNITED-STATES; PEST AB Identifying the origin of a biological invasion has important applications to the effective control of the invaders. This is more critical for invasive agricultural pests that cause severe economic losses. The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, originally from East Asia, has become a principal agricultural pest in the US since its first detection in Pennsylvania in 1996. This species is responsible for crop failures on many mid-Atlantic farms and current control efforts rely on heavy insecticide applications because no other options are available. To examine the genetic diversity and identify the source region of the US introductions, we sequenced portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene, 12S ribosomal RNA gene and control region in populations from the US, China, South Korea and Japan. We detected high genetic divergence among native populations and traced the origin of US H. halys to the Beijing area in China. We observed much lower genetic diversity in exotic compared to native populations-two mitochondrial haplotypes in 55 US specimens versus 43 haplotypes in 77 native specimens. A single introduction of small propagule size matches the invasion history in the US. For the effective control of the US population, we suggest that surveys on egg parasitoids and insecticide resistance in natives should focus on the Beijing area in China. C1 [Xu, Jiawu; Fonseca, Dina M.; Hamilton, George C.; Nielsen, Anne L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Xu, Jiawu; Fonseca, Dina M.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hoelmer, Kim A.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Nielsen, Anne L.] Rutgers Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Bridgeton, NJ USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, 93 Lipman Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM dinafons@rci.rutgers.edu; nielsen@AESOP.Rutgers.edu RI Xu, Jiawu/K-5276-2013; OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU NJAES Hatch projects [08191, 0211785] FX We are greatly appreciative of the assistance of A. Koppel, L. Zhang, M.-Z. Lin, F. Chen, S. H. Lee, H. J. Kim, S. H. Jung and M. Toyama in collecting specimens from the native range. We are indebted to all the homeowners who enthusiastically provided us with specimens and information. Citizen Science is an important resource in our fight against invasive species. This study was funded in part by NJAES Hatch projects 08191 and 0211785. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10530-013-0510-3 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277TN UT WOS:000328842300014 ER PT J AU Walker, DM Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Struwe, L AF Walker, Donald M. Castlebury, Lisa A. Rossman, Amy Y. Struwe, Lena TI Host conservatism or host specialization? Patterns of fungal diversification are influenced by host plant specificity in Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae: Diaporthales) SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE co-evolution; divergence index; ecological niche evolution; host evolution; multigene phylogeny; SEEVA ID GENUS CRYPTOSPORELLA; NICHE CONSERVATISM; ECOLOGICAL NICHES; SPECIATION; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTIONARY; PATHOGENS; BIOLOGY; COSPECIATION; ASSOCIATIONS AB In this study evolutionary host plant patterns at ranks from order to species were analysed using spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA), based on a multigene phylogeny of 45 ascomycete fungal species. The objective was to understand speciation events and host associations in Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae). Species of this genus are perithecial fungi that occur as endophytes, pathogens, and latent saprobes on plants in the families of Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Platanaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Sapindaceae. A second objective was to determine whether speciation events are influenced by host conservatism, host specialization, or host switching at different taxonomic host ranks. Host differences between sister clades were interpreted using the divergence index (D) from the SEEVA analysis, ranging from 0 for no divergence to 1 for maximum possible divergence. Several fungal subclades showed clear patterns of host order/family conservatism (D=1.00) for hosts in Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, and Rosaceae. Clear trends of host specialization at host genus and species ranks (D=1.00) were suggested within these host families. Independent host jumps were observed for two species at the family rank and three at the order rank. As a result of this study, host specificity and specialization is hypothesized as a mechanism that can strongly contribute to speciation patterns in fungal pathogens.(c) 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 111, 1-16. C1 [Walker, Donald M.] Univ Findlay, Dept Nat Sci, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. [Walker, Donald M.; Struwe, Lena] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Castlebury, Lisa A.; Rossman, Amy Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Struwe, Lena] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Walker, DM (reprint author), Univ Findlay, Dept Nat Sci, 1000 North Main St, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. EM walkerd@findlay.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF 03-28364]; National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology [NSF-DEB-317612]; US Department of Agriculture [USDA/NJAES-NJ17112] FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (NSF 03-28364). D.M.W. would like to thank Adam Bazinet for assistance in computational analyses, Ryan Vo for laboratory support at Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory and Brandy Lawrence at The University of Findlay, and Christina Maurer for the hand drawing of Ophiognomonia alni-viridis . Also, we appreciated the kindness of Kentaro Hosaka, Shinobu Inoue, Takao Kobayashi, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, and Yousuke Degawa, who hosted a collecting trip to Japan, and Yuuri Hirooka for the coordination of this trip. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve this article. The work was partly funded by National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology grants (NSF-DEB-317612) and US Department of Agriculture awards (USDA/NJAES-NJ17112), through grants to L.S. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/bij.12189 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 272RC UT WOS:000328476900001 ER PT J AU Mascaro, J Litton, CM Hughes, RF Uowolo, A Schnitzer, SA AF Mascaro, Joseph Litton, Creighton M. Hughes, R. Flint Uowolo, Amanda Schnitzer, Stefan A. TI Is logarithmic transformation necessary in allometry? Ten, one-hundred, one-thousand-times yes SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOG-TRANSFORMATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; MODEL SELECTION; BIOMASS C1 [Mascaro, Joseph] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Litton, Creighton M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint; Uowolo, Amanda] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Mascaro, J (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jmascaro@stanford.edu OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 111 IS 1 BP 230 EP 233 DI 10.1111/bij.12177 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 272RC UT WOS:000328476900019 ER PT J AU Mashek, DG Greenberg, AS AF Mashek, Douglas G. Greenberg, Andrew S. TI Serum TAG Analysis Differentiates Between Genetic and Obesity-Associated NAFLD SO DIABETES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; PNPLA3; HUMANS; I148M; VLDL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ADIPONUTRIN; VARIANT C1 [Mashek, Douglas G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mashek, DG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dmashek@umn.edu OI Mashek, Douglas/0000-0001-7033-3386 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-0903634, DK050456, P30 DK046200, P30 DK050456, P30-DK-46200]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R03 ES022710, R03-ES-0227, U01 ES020958, UO1-ES-020958] NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 EI 1939-327X J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD JAN PY 2014 VL 63 IS 1 BP 42 EP 44 DI 10.2337/db13-1500 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 275MF UT WOS:000328680400006 PM 24357693 ER PT J AU Wilsey, BJ Daneshgar, PP Hofmockel, K Polley, HW AF Wilsey, Brian J. Daneshgar, Pedram P. Hofmockel, Kirsten Polley, H. Wayne TI Invaded grassland communities have altered stability-maintenance mechanisms but equal stability compared to native communities SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Diversity-stability relationship; dominant species; evenness; grassland; invasive species; overyielding; population synchrony; portfolio effect; sampling effect ID ECOSYSTEM STABILITY; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; SUCCESSION; DOMINANCE AB Theory predicts that stability should increase with diversity via several mechanisms. We tested predictions in a 5-year experiment that compared low-diversity exotic to high-diversity native plant mixtures under two irrigation treatments. The study included both wet and dry years. Variation in biomass across years (CV) was 50% lower in mixtures than monocultures of both native and exotic species. Growth among species was more asynchronous and overyielding values were greater during and after a drought in native than exotic mixtures. Mean-variance slopes indicated strong portfolio effects in both community types, but the intercept was higher for exotics than for natives, suggesting that exotics were inherently more variable than native species. However, this failed to result in higher CV's in exotic communities because species that heavily dominated plots tended to have lower than expected variance. Results indicate that diversity-stability mechanisms are altered in invaded systems compared to native ones they replaced. C1 [Wilsey, Brian J.; Hofmockel, Kirsten] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Daneshgar, Pedram P.] Monmouth Univ, Dept Biol, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. [Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Wilsey, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bwilsey@iastate.edu OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 FU US-NSF [DEB-0639417] FX This work was partially funded by the US-NSF DEB-0639417. We thank Katherine Jones and Chis Kolodziejczyk for help in the field, and four anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1111/ele.12213 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JY UT WOS:000328315900011 PM 24325664 ER PT J AU Guy, SO Wysocki, DJ Schillinger, WF Chastain, TG Karow, RS Garland-Campbell, K Burke, IC AF Guy, Stephen O. Wysocki, Donald J. Schillinger, William F. Chastain, Thomas G. Karow, Russell S. Garland-Campbell, Kim Burke, Ian C. TI Camelina: Adaptation and performance of genotypes SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Camelina; Genotypes; Stability index; Biofuel crops; Oil content; Dryland cropping systems ID YIELD RESPONSE; SEED YIELD; SATIVA AB Camelina (Camelina sativa L Crantz) has shown potential as an alternative and biofuel crop in cereal-based cropping systems. Our study investigated the adaption, performance, and yield stability among camelina genotypes across diverse US Pacific Northwest (PNW) environments. Seven named camelina genotypes and 11 experimental numbered genotypes were evaluated for seed and oil yield in trials at 18 location/year environments that spanned four annual precipitation zones. Locations were rainfed with long-term mean annual precipitation ranging from 242 to 1085 mm. Thirteen trials were spring-planted and five were fall-planted. Oil content was determined on seed from seven trials, seed weight from five trials, plant height and grain density from four trials, and plant lodging from two trials. Yield stability index was determined and related to seed yield across trials and within each of four annual precipitation zones. Seed yields varied from a trial mean of 127 kg/ha at Lind WA during a year of extreme drought to 3302 kg/ha at Pullman WA with the grand mean 1213 kg/ha. Seed yields among genotypes were significantly different (P < 0.05) in 10 environments and ranged across environments from 913 kg/ha for 'GP07' to 1349 kg/ha for 'Celine'. Spring planting produced higher yields than fall planting and named genotypes out-performed numbered genotypes overall. Between the two highest yielding genotypes, 'Calena' was more stable for yield than Celine. Stability index values varied among genotypes within each annual precipitation zone evaluated indicating adaptation differences among genotypes. Oil content varied from 29.6% to 36.8% across environments but varied less among genotypes - 30.8-32.9%. Oil content was negatively correlated to seed yield. Grand means for camelina performance characteristics in four trials were 1.25 g/1000 seed weight, 92.4 cm plant height, and 652 kg/m(3) seed density. Named genotypes were more productive than numbered genotypes across environments and can be grown is diversified environments when selected based on anticipated precipitation, seed yield, oil content, and other agronomic characteristics. (C) 2013 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Guy, Stephen O.; Burke, Ian C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wysocki, Donald J.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Schillinger, William F.] Washington State Univ, Dryland Res Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Lind, WA 99341 USA. [Chastain, Thomas G.; Karow, Russell S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Garland-Campbell, Kim] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Guy, SO (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sguy@wsu.edu OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159; Chastain, Thomas/0000-0003-2324-1571 FU US Department of Transportation; US Department of Energy; US Department of Agriculture through the Sun Grant Initiative FX This paper is dedicated in memory of Daryl Ehrensing, agronomist, colleague, and friend, who left us too soon to finish his contributions to work presented here. Excellent technical support for this work was provided by, Mary Lauver, Carol Garbacik, Timothy Smith, Steven Schofstoll, and Nick Sirovatka. This project was funded in part by grants from the US Department of Transportation, US Department of Energy, and the US Department of Agriculture through the Sun Grant Initiative administered by Oregon State University; and by the Washington State University Biofuels Project. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 155 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.09.002 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 277EZ UT WOS:000328803100025 ER PT J AU Kantar, MB Betts, K Michno, JM Luby, JJ Morrell, PL Hulke, BS Stupar, RM Wyse, DL AF Kantar, Michael B. Betts, Kevin Michno, Jean-Michel Luby, James J. Morrell, Peter L. Hulke, Brent S. Stupar, Robert M. Wyse, Donald L. TI Evaluating an interspecific Helianthus annuus x Helianthus tuberosus population for use in a perennial sunflower breeding program SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Flow cytometry; Interspecific hybridization; Perennial grain; Phenotypic correlation; Helianthus ID TRAGOPOGON-MISCELLUS ASTERACEAE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; LONGISTAMINATA POPULATION; FIELD PERFORMANCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; GRAIN CROPS; RICE; DOMESTICATION; WHEAT AB Perennial crops show promise for sustainable agricultural production while providing ecosystem services (maintaining healthy soil, controlling erosion, improving water quality, and enhancing wildlife habitat). Perennial crops could also provide economically viable cropping option to farmers. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) is an ideal crop for perennialization because of existing genetic resources and a wide variety of end-uses. The objective of this research was to evaluate interspecific hybrids between perennial Helianthus tuberosus L (2n = 6x = 102) and annual H. annuus L (2n = 2x = 34) for perenniality and agronomic traits; assessing their utility in developing a perennial seed crop. Field trials indicated that seed yield traits were positively correlated with head traits. Tuber traits, which are required for perenniality, and seed yield traits were not correlated, indicating that simultaneous selection may be able to target high yielding lines that also tuberize. The F-1 individuals were intermated for one generation and the intermated F-1 (IM1F1) showed increases in head size (up to 20%) compared to the best F-1 individual. The lack of correlation between tuber and seed traits coupled with phenotypic improvement after one generation of intermating suggest that the best improvement strategy for perennial sunflower is a recurrent selection program focusing on yield. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kantar, Michael B.; Betts, Kevin; Michno, Jean-Michel; Morrell, Peter L.; Stupar, Robert M.; Wyse, Donald L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Luby, James J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hulke, Brent S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Kantar, MB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kant0063@umn.edu OI Kantar, Michael/0000-0001-5542-0975 FU Land Institute; National Sunflower Association; Pioneer Hi-Bred graduate fellowship; [P30 CA77598] FX We would like to acknowledge the assistance of the Flow Cytometry Core Facility of the Masonic Cancer Center, a comprehensive cancer center designated by the National Cancer Institute, supported in part by P30 CA77598. We are grateful to Dr. Bala Pudota, Dr. Dean Christensen and Addie Thompson for providing helpful comments. We are grateful to Andy Coffman for help in conducting experiments. This work was supported by The Land Institute, the National Sunflower Association and by a Pioneer Hi-Bred graduate fellowship to M.B.K. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 155 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.018 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 277EZ UT WOS:000328803100028 ER PT J AU Gunther, NW Liu, YH Nunez, A Paul, M Uhlich, GA AF Gunther, Nereus W. Liu, Yanhong Nunez, Alberto Paul, Moushumi Uhlich, Gaylen A. TI Nonlabeled Quantitative Proteomic Comparison Identifies Differences in Acid Resistance Between Escherichia coli O157:H7 Curli Production Variants SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; CSGD PROMOTER; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MODEL; YEAST; QUANTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ABUNDANCE AB To understand the nature of a bacterial strain, it is necessary to be able to identify and measure the proteins expressed by the bacteria. In this research, the entire protein complements produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 43894OW and its naturally occurring curli producing variant 43894OR were compared to better understand the unique capabilities of these two closely related strains. A nonlabeled proteomic comparison was performed utilizing the spectra counting and peptide fractionation abilities of a quadrupole-time of flight analyzer mass spectrometer to identify and quantitate the proteins produced by the two strains. The process reliably identified and measured the concentration of 419 proteins from strains 43894OW and 43894OR within three separate biological replicates. From these two sets, 59 proteins were identified that were preferentially expressed in strain 43894OW compared to 43894OR and 14 proteins that were conversely preferentially expressed in 43894OR. A subset of the preferentially expressed proteins was assayed to determine whether their levels of gene transcription corresponded with the observed protein expression. From the resulting list of confirmed differentially expressed proteins, it was observed that the proteins contributing to acid survivalGadA and GadBwere overexpressed in 43894OW compared to 43894OR. The predicted enhanced acid resistance phenotype of 43894OW was confirmed by experimentation at pH 2.5. Additionally, a knockout mutation in the csgD genes of the 43894OR strain was constructed and suggested that CsgD had a repressive effect on acid survival in 43894OR. C1 [Gunther, Nereus W.; Liu, Yanhong; Uhlich, Gaylen A.] ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Nunez, Alberto] ARS, Core Technol, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Paul, Moushumi] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gunther, NW (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jack.gunther@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1089/fpd.2013.1570 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 277NG UT WOS:000328825700005 PM 24161023 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Woodall, CW Ghosh, S Gelfand, AE Clark, JS AF Zhu, Kai Woodall, Christopher W. Ghosh, Souparno Gelfand, Alan E. Clark, James S. TI Dual impacts of climate change: forest migration and turnover through life history SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; biogeography; climate change; Forest Inventory and Analysis; range shift; seedling; species distribution model; tree migration ID PLANT-SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; REGENERATION NICHE; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; CHANGE VULNERABILITY; SPATIAL SCALE; TREE; BIODIVERSITY AB Tree species are predicted to track future climate by shifting their geographic distributions, but climate-mediated migrations are not apparent in a recent continental-scale analysis. To better understand the mechanisms of a possible migration lag, we analyzed relative recruitment patterns by comparing juvenile and adult tree abundances in climate space. One would expect relative recruitment to be higher in cold and dry climates as a result of tree migration with juveniles located further poleward than adults. Alternatively, relative recruitment could be higher in warm and wet climates as a result of higher tree population turnover with increased temperature and precipitation. Using the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data at regional scales, we jointly modeled juvenile and adult abundance distributions for 65 tree species in climate space of the eastern United States. We directly compared the optimal climate conditions for juveniles and adults, identified the climates where each species has high relative recruitment, and synthesized relative recruitment patterns across species. Results suggest that for 77% and 83% of the tree species, juveniles have higher optimal temperature and optimal precipitation, respectively, than adults. Across species, the relative recruitment pattern is dominated by relatively more abundant juveniles than adults in warm and wet climates. These different abundance-climate responses through life history are consistent with faster population turnover and inconsistent with the geographic trend of large-scale tree migration. Taken together, this juvenile-adult analysis suggests that tree species might respond to climate change by having faster turnover as dynamics accelerate with longer growing seasons and higher temperatures, before there is evidence of poleward migration at biogeographic scales. C1 [Zhu, Kai; Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ghosh, Souparno; Gelfand, Alan E.; Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Zhu, K (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kai.zhu@duke.edu RI Zhu, Kai/H-1022-2013 OI Zhu, Kai/0000-0003-1587-3317 FU NSF [CDI 0940671, DDIG 1307206]; Coweeta LTER FX For comments on the manuscript, we thank Allan Bacon, Dave Bell, Aaron Berdanier, Matt Kwit, Chris Oishi, Denis Valle, and anonymous referees. The study was supported by NSF grants CDI 0940671, DDIG 1307206, and the Coweeta LTER. NR 97 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1111/gcb.12382 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600023 PM 24014498 ER PT J AU Wallace, JG Larsson, SJ Buckler, ES AF Wallace, J. G. Larsson, S. J. Buckler, E. S. TI Entering the second century of maize quantitative genetics SO HEREDITY LA English DT Review DE maize; nested association mapping; quantitative traits; genome-wide association; heterosis ID ASSOCIATION MAPPING POPULATION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ZEA-MAYS L.; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; DOMESTICATION QTL; FLOWERING-TIME; COMPLEX TRAITS; HYBRID MAIZE; LEAF-BLIGHT; ACID LEVELS AB Maize is the most widely grown cereal in the world. In addition to its role in global agriculture, it has also long served as a model organism for genetic research. Maize stands at a genetic crossroads, as it has access to all the tools available for plant genetics but exhibits a genetic architecture more similar to other outcrossing organisms than to self-pollinating crops and model plants. In this review, we summarize recent advances in maize genetics, including the development of powerful populations for genetic mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and the insights these studies yield on the mechanisms underlying complex maize traits. Most maize traits are controlled by a large number of genes, and linkage analysis of several traits implicates a 'common gene, rare allele' model of genetic variation where some genes have many individually rare alleles contributing. Most natural alleles exhibit small effect sizes with little-to-no detectable pleiotropy or epistasis. Additionally, many of these genes are locked away in low-recombination regions that encourage the formation of multi-gene blocks that may underlie maize's strong heterotic effect. Domestication left strong marks on the maize genome, and some of the differences in trait architectures may be due to different selective pressures over time. Overall, maize's advantages as a model system make it highly desirable for studying the genetics of outcrossing species, and results from it can provide insight into other such species, including humans. C1 [Wallace, J. G.; Buckler, E. S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Div, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Larsson, S. J.; Buckler, E. S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, E. S.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Wallace, JG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Div, 175 Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jason.wallace@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Wallace, Jason/0000-0002-8937-6543 FU NSF [0820619] FX We thank the members of the Buckler lab for helpful discussions during the writing of this manuscript, and Peter Bradbury, Denise Costich and Sara Miller for help in editing it for publication. This work was supported by NSF grant 0820619. NR 88 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 118 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JAN PY 2014 VL 112 IS 1 SI SI BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1038/hdy.2013.6 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 276LF UT WOS:000328751100005 PM 23462502 ER PT J AU Garland, DL Fernandez-Godino, R Kaur, I Speicher, KD Harnly, JM Lambris, JD Speicher, DW Pierce, EA AF Garland, Donita L. Fernandez-Godino, Rosario Kaur, Inderjeet Speicher, Kaye D. Harnly, James M. Lambris, John D. Speicher, David W. Pierce, Eric A. TI Mouse genetics and proteomic analyses demonstrate a critical role for complement in a model of DHRD/ML, an inherited macular degeneration SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; SORSBYS FUNDUS DYSTROPHY; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX PROTEINS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ONSET RETINAL DEGENERATION; BASAL LAMINAR DEPOSIT; FACTOR-H POLYMORPHISM; DRUSEN FORMATION; PIGMENT-EPITHELIUM; BRUCHS MEMBRANE AB Macular degenerations, inherited and age related, are important causes of vision loss. Human genetic studies have suggested perturbation of the complement system is important in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. The mechanisms underlying the involvement of the complement system are not understood, although complement and inflammation have been implicated in drusen formation. Drusen are an early clinical hallmark of inherited and age-related forms of macular degeneration. We studied one of the earliest stages of macular degeneration which precedes and leads to the formation of drusen, i.e. the formation of basal deposits. The studies were done using a mouse model of the inherited macular dystrophy Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy/Malattia Leventinese (DHRD/ML) which is caused by a p.Arg345Trp mutation in EFEMP1. The hallmark of DHRD/ML is the formation of drusen at an early age, and gene targeted Efemp1(R345W/R345W) mice develop extensive basal deposits. Proteomic analyses of Bruch's membrane/choroid and Bruch's membrane in the Efemp1(R345W/R345W) mice indicate that the basal deposits comprise normal extracellular matrix (ECM) components present in abnormal amounts. The proteomic analyses also identified significant changes in proteins with immune-related function, including complement components, in the diseased tissue samples. Genetic ablation of the complement response via generation of Efemp1(R345W/R345W):C3(-/-) double-mutant mice inhibited the formation of basal deposits. The results demonstrate a critical role for the complement system in basal deposit formation, and suggest that complement-mediated recognition of abnormal ECM may participate in basal deposit formation in DHRD/ML and perhaps other macular degenerations. C1 [Garland, Donita L.; Fernandez-Godino, Rosario; Pierce, Eric A.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Ocular Genom Inst,Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Pierce, Eric A.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat,Dept Opht, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kaur, Inderjeet] LV Prasad Eye Inst, Kallam Anji Reddy Mol Genet Lab, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Speicher, Kaye D.; Speicher, David W.] Wistar Inst Anat & Biol, Ctr Syst & Computat Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Speicher, Kaye D.; Speicher, David W.] Wistar Inst Anat & Biol, Mol Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Harnly, James M.] USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lambris, John D.] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Garland, DL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Ocular Genom Inst,Dept Ophthalmol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM donita_garland@meei.harvard.edu; eric_pierce@meei.harvard.edu OI Lambris, John/0000-0002-9370-5776; Pierce, Eric/0000-0002-2354-4102 FU Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Rosanne Silbermann Foundation; National Cancer Institute (NCI Cancer Core Grant) [CA010815]; National Eye Institute (MEEI Core Grant) [P30 EY014104]; National Institutes of Health [AI068730, EY020633] FX This work was supported by the Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; the Rosanne Silbermann Foundation; the National Cancer Institute (NCI Cancer Core Grant CA010815 to The Wistar Institute); the National Eye Institute (MEEI Core Grant P30 EY014104) and the National Institutes of Health (AI068730 and EY020633 to J.D.L.). NR 128 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 EI 1460-2083 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 52 EP 68 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddt395 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 272SZ UT WOS:000328482300005 PM 23943789 ER PT J AU Madadgar, S Moradkhani, H Garen, D AF Madadgar, Shahrbanou Moradkhani, Hamid Garen, David TI Towards improved post-processing of hydrologic forecast ensembles SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE ensemble streamflow prediction; copula; quantile mapping; bias correction ID GUMBEL-HOUGAARD COPULA; OF-FIT TESTS; BIAS CORRECTION; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; STREAMFLOW; CALIBRATION; RAINFALL; MODELS; TRANSFORMATION AB Forecast ensembles of hydrological and hydrometeorologial variables are prone to various uncertainties arising from climatology, model structure and parameters, and initial conditions at the forecast date. Post-processing methods are usually applied to adjust the mean and variance of the ensemble without any knowledge about the uncertainty sources. This study initially addresses the drawbacks of a commonly used statistical technique, quantile mapping (QM), in bias correction of hydrologic forecasts. Then, an auxiliary variable, the failure index (), is proposed to estimate the ineffectiveness of the post-processing method based on the agreement of adjusted forecasts with corresponding observations during an analysis period prior to the forecast date. An alternative post-processor based on copula functions is then introduced such that marginal distributions of observations and model simulations are combined to create a multivariate joint distribution. A set of 2500 hypothetical forecast ensembles with parametric marginal distributions of simulated and observed variables are post-processed with both QM and the proposed multivariate post-processor. Deterministic forecast skills show that the proposed copula-based post-processing is more effective than the QM method in improving the forecasts. It is found that the performance of QM is highly correlated with the failure index, unlike the multivariate post-processor. In probabilistic metrics, the proposed multivariate post-processor generally outperforms QM. Further evaluation of techniques is conducted for river flow forecast of Sprague River basin in southern Oregon. Results show that the multivariate post-processor performs better than the QM technique; it reduces the ensemble spread and is a more reliable approach for improving the forecast. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Madadgar, Shahrbanou; Moradkhani, Hamid] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Garen, David] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, NWCC, Portland, OR USA. RP Moradkhani, H (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM hamidm@cecs.pdx.edu RI Moradkhani, Hamid/B-1571-2012 FU USDA; NRCS [68-7482-11-522]; NOAA-MAPP [NA11OAR4310140]; NOAA-CSTAR [NA11NWS4680002] FX The first two authors would like to acknowledge the partial financial support for this research from USDA, NRCS Cooperative Agreement Number 68-7482-11-522, NOAA-MAPP, grant NA11OAR4310140, and NOAA-CSTAR, grant NA11NWS4680002. NR 69 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 104 EP 122 DI 10.1002/hyp.9562 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 273XO UT WOS:000328569800011 ER PT J AU Guillaumet, A Dorr, BS Wang, GM Doyle, TJ AF Guillaumet, Alban Dorr, Brian S. Wang, Guiming Doyle, Terry J. TI The cumulative effects of management on the population dynamics of the Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus in the Great Lakes SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE birds; density-dependence; dispersal; human-wildlife conflict; information-theoretic approach; metapopulation; population control; population regulation ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; DISPERSAL; COLONY; SIZE; SURVIVAL; ONTARIO; TRENDS; GROWTH; HURON AB Wildlife species have been subject to control efforts throughout human history due to real or alleged human-wildlife conflicts. The Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus in the interior of North America is no exception, with recent population growth leading to increased conflicts and consequently the development of many control programmes. These control programmes are usually conducted at local scales, often with little or no effort to assess their cumulative effects at the population level. We attempted the first comprehensive assessment of the cumulative effects of control at various spatio-temporal scales, focusing on 199 colonies of Double-crested Cormorant monitored during a 29-year period. Linear models were used to assess the relationship between colony-specific growth rates and a set of candidate factors using an information-theoretic approach. Colony-level density-dependent effects and local control efforts had the greatest influences on population growth. We detected a cumulative effect of management, whereby (i) the reduction in population growth rate was generally stronger when different control activities such as culling or egg oiling were combined, and (ii) past control operations tended to have a pervasive impact on growth rates, especially egg oiling and nest destruction, which negatively affected local recruitment. However, our results also suggest that catastrophic events and the culling of breeding adults that occurred at least 2years previously could fuel subsequent recruitment or natural immigration from nearby colonies, for instance if the breeding success of remaining pairs was increased through a diminution of density-dependent regulatory processes. Density-dependence at the metapopulation level constituted a third source of regulation, as local growth rates were reduced with increasing number or proximity of active neighbouring colonies. We also found evidence that the culling of Double-crested Cormorants wintering in the southeastern USA could negatively impact the population growth of individual breeding colonies in the Great Lakes, although further research integrating models of migratory connectivity is needed to reach more definitive conclusions. Finally, despite previous studies emphasizing its importance, the net effect of management-induced dispersal appeared small at large spatial scales. We show that this can be explained in part by control strategies (e.g. spatially clustered operations). The continuation of Cormorant management efforts will provide an opportunity to refine the present assessment of the relative importance of density-dependence, breeding vs. non-breeding season management and dispersal, particularly if population models are coupled with monitoring programmes within an adaptive management framework. C1 [Guillaumet, Alban; Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Guillaumet, Alban] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Dorr, Brian S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Doyle, Terry J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Guillaumet, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mail Stop 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM albanguillaumet@trentu.ca OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 FU USDA Wildlife Services; USDA Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; Jack H. Berryman Institute (Eastern unit) FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, and the Jack H. Berryman Institute (Eastern unit). We gratefully acknowledge institutional support for this research from Dr Mark Tobin (National Wildlife Research Center) and Dr Bruce Leopold (Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University). The authors warmly thank the organizations and people who made possible the development of our database by contributing their census and survey data: Canadian Wildlife Service (Ontario): Liane O'Keefe and Chip Weseloh; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources: Patrick Hubert, Mark Ridgway and Heidi Scherr; McMaster University: James S. Quinn; University of Minnesota: Francesca Cuthbert and Linda Wires; Michigan State University: Shauna Hanisch; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation: Irene Mazzocchi; USDA Wildlife Services (State Programs); Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: David Capen. We also thank Ruedi Nager, Robert Clark, Thomas Bregnballe and an anonymous referee for very helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2014 VL 156 IS 1 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1111/ibi.12109 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 273OT UT WOS:000328545700012 ER PT J AU Sanchez, NCB Young, TR Carroll, JA Corley, JR Rathmann, RJ Johnson, BJ AF Sanchez, Nicole C. Burdick Young, Tanner R. Carroll, Jeffery A. Corley, Jimmie R. Rathmann, Ryan J. Johnson, Bradley J. TI Yeast cell wall supplementation alters the metabolic responses of crossbred heifers to an endotoxin challenge SO INNATE IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; feedlot; LPS; metabolism; yeast cell wall ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE CHALLENGE; RECEIVING PERIOD; FEEDER CALVES; BEEF-CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; CULTURE; HEALTH; GROWTH AB This study examined the effect of feeding yeast cell wall (YCW) products on the metabolic responses of newly-received feedlot cattle to an endotoxin challenge. Heifers were separated into treatment groups receiving either a Control diet, YCW-A or YCW-C, and were fed for 52d. Heifers were weighed on d 0, 14, 36, 38 and 52. On d 37 heifers were challenged i.v. with LPS [0.5 mu g/kg body weight (BW)] and blood samples were collected relative to LPS challenge. Heifer BW increased from d 0 to 36 and from d 38 to 52, but was not affected by treatment. Post-LPS, glucose concentrations increased and were less in YCW-A than Control and YCW-C heifers. Pre-LPS, insulin concentrations were greater in YCW-A and YCW-C than Control heifers. Post-LPS, insulin concentrations increased with YCW-C having greater insulin than Control heifers. Pre-LPS, NEFA concentrations tended to be less in YCW-C than Control heifers. Post-LPS non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were less in YCW-C than Control and YCW-A heifers. Post-LPS, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were greater in YCW-A than Control and YCW-C. These data indicate, based on NEFA and BUN data, that certain YCW products can enhance energy metabolism during an immune challenge without causing lipolysis or muscle catabolism. C1 [Sanchez, Nicole C. Burdick; Carroll, Jeffery A.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Young, Tanner R.; Rathmann, Ryan J.; Johnson, Bradley J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Corley, Jimmie R.] Lesaffre Feed Addit, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, 1604 East FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff.carroll@ars.usda.gov FU Lesaffre Feed Additives, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Gordon W. Davis Regents Chair Endowment at Texas Tech University FX This study was supported in part by Lesaffre Feed Additives, Milwaukee, WI, USA and the Gordon W. Davis Regents Chair Endowment at Texas Tech University. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1753-4259 EI 1753-4267 J9 INNATE IMMUN-LONDON JI Innate Immun. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1177/1753425913482152 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA 277OH UT WOS:000328828500011 PM 23606515 ER PT J AU Vilhelmsen, L Blank, SM Liu, Z Smith, DR AF Vilhelmsen, Lars Blank, Stephan M. Liu, Zhiwei Smith, David R. TI Discovery of new species confirms Oriental origin of Orussus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Orussidae) SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE key; Palaearctic; biogeography; Oriental ID KONOW HYMENOPTERA; PHYLOGENY; INSECTA; SYMPHYTA; REVISION; WASP AB The genus Orussus is reviewed, with primary focus on taxa from the Oriental Region; a revised key to the world species is presented. The newly described species are analysed with a comprehensive morphological data set encompassing the entire family. The discovery of the new species corroborates the earlier proposed hypothesis that Orussus originated in the Oriental Region. The following new species are described: O. areolatus Blank & Vilhelmsen from Morocco, O. hanumanus Vilhelmsen & Blank from India (described for O. decoomani auct.), O. punctulatissimus Blank & Vilhelmsen from Malaysia, and O. zhui Vilhelmsen, Liu, Smith & Blank from China. Currently O. decoomani Maa, 1950 from Vietnam cannot be interpreted properly and is considered a species inquirenda. Orussus mikagei Togashi, 2008 is proposed as a new synonym of O. rufipes Tsuneki, 1963. C1 [Vilhelmsen, Lars] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Zool Museum, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Blank, Stephan M.] Senckenberg Deutsch Entomol Inst, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Liu, Zhiwei] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61290 USA. [Smith, David R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vilhelmsen, L (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Zool Museum, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM lbvilhelmsen@snm.ku.dk RI Vilhelmsen, Lars/A-3396-2013 OI Vilhelmsen, Lars/0000-0002-5593-5722 FU European Commission; National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX We cordially thank Steven Gaimari and Martin Hauser (Sacramento, CA, USA) and Guido Pagliano (Torino, Italy) for the gift or exchange of specimens, and Gavin Broad (NHML, London, UK), Roy Danielsson (MZLU, Lund, Sweden), Fritz Gusenleitner and Martin Schwarz (OOLM, Linz, Austria), Yoshiaki Hashimoto (MNHAH, Hyogo; Japan), Chi-Feng Lee and Hsien-Tzung Shih (TART, Wufeng, Taiwan), Wojciech J. Pulawski and Vincent E Lee (CASC, San Franscisco, CA, USA), Akihiko Shinohara (NMNS, Tsukuba-shi, Ibarald, Japan), Osamu Tadauchi (KUEC, Fukuoka, Japan), Pierre Tripotin (Mont Saint Aignan, France), Doug Yanega (UCR, Riverside, CA, USA) for providing access to collection material. Meicai Wei (Changsha, P.R. China) kindly explained us the current whereabouts of the "Musee Heude" from Shanghai. We are indebted to Andrew D. Liston and Andreas Taeger (Muncheberg, Germany) for critically reading an earlier version of the manuscript. Two anonymous referees provided additional input. S.M.B.'s work at the Natural History Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen was supported by a grant from the European Commission's (FP 6) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative programme SYNTHESYS (DK-TAF 4845). S.M.B.'s visit to the Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute in Wufeng was amply supported by budget provided by the National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1399-560X EI 1876-312X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 51 EP 91 DI 10.1163/187632X-00002087 PG 41 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 275GP UT WOS:000328664600002 ER PT J AU Steen, DA McClure, CJW Brock, JC Rudolph, DC Pierce, JB Lee, JR Humphries, WJ Gregory, BB Sutton, WB Smith, LL Baxley, DL Stevenson, DJ Guyer, C AF Steen, David A. McClure, Christopher J. W. Brock, Jean C. Rudolph, D. Craig Pierce, Josh B. Lee, James R. Humphries, W. Jeffrey Gregory, Beau B. Sutton, William B. Smith, Lora L. Baxley, Danna L. Stevenson, Dirk J. Guyer, Craig TI Snake co-occurrence patterns are best explained by habitat and hypothesized effects of interspecific interactions SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE co-existence; Coluber; competition; Crotalus; detection probability; Elaphe; occupancy modelling; Pantherophis; reptile; sympatry ID RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS-HORRIDUS; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; POTENTIAL COMPETITORS; MODEL SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; RAIN-FOREST; BODY-SIZE; COMMUNITIES; OCCUPANCY; PREDATORS AB Snakes often occur in species-rich assemblages, and sympatry is thought to be facilitated primarily by low diet overlap, not interspecific interactions. We selected, a priori, three species pairs consisting of species that are morphologically and taxonomically similar and may therefore be likely to engage in interspecific, consumptive competition. We then examined a large-scale database of snake detection/nondetection data and used occupancy modelling to determine whether these species occur together more or less frequently than expected by chance while accounting for variation in detection probability among species and incorporating important habitat categories in the models. For some snakes, we obtained evidence that the probabilities that habitat patches are used are influenced by the presence of potentially competing congeneric species. Specifically, timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) were less likely than expected by chance to use areas that also contained eastern diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus) when the proportion of evergreen forest was relatively high. Otherwise, they occurred together more often than expected by chance. Complex relationships were revealed between habitat use, detection probabilities and occupancy probabilities of North American racers (Coluber constrictor) and coachwhips (Coluber flagellum) that indicated the probability of competitive exclusion increased with increasing area of grassland habitat, although there was some model uncertainty. Cornsnakes (Pantherophis guttatus or Pantherophis slowinskii) and ratsnakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis, Pantherophis spiloides, or Pantherophis obsoletus) exhibited differences in habitat selection, but we obtained no evidence that patterns of use for this species pair were influenced by current interspecific interactions. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that competitive interactions influence snake assemblage composition; the strength of these effects was affected by landscape-scale habitat features. Furthermore, we suggest that current interspecific interactions may influence snake occupancy, challenging the paradigm that contemporary patterns of snake co-occurrence are largely a function of diet partitioning that arose over evolutionary time. C1 [Steen, David A.; Brock, Jean C.; Smith, Lora L.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Steen, David A.; McClure, Christopher J. W.; Guyer, Craig] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Rudolph, D. Craig; Pierce, Josh B.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Lee, James R.] Nature Conservancy, Camp Shelby, MS 39407 USA. [Humphries, W. Jeffrey] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Gregory, Beau B.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Coastal & Nongame Resources Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Sutton, William B.] Sch Agr Forestry & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Baxley, Danna L.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Stevenson, Dirk J.] Orianne Soc, Indigo Snake Initiat, Clayton, GA 30525 USA. RP Steen, DA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM davidasteen@gmail.com OI McClure, Christopher/0000-0003-1216-7425 FU Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1696]; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Wildlife Legacy Initiative program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's State Wildlife Grants program [SWG 05-020, 060010]; University of Florida; Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center FX Funding for the Eglin Air Force Base study was provided by the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project Number: SI-1696. The Jones Center project was partially funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Wildlife Legacy Initiative program and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's State Wildlife Grants program (Grant # SWG 05-020, Agreement #060010). Matching funds were provided by the University of Florida and Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center. Work at Camp Shelby would not have been possible without the financial support of the Mississippi Army National Guard and collaboration with the DeSoto National Forest, MDWFP, MNHP and the USFWS. We thank the many funding sources for each project along with the field technicians who provided assistance, checking and maintaining traps for all the projects. M. Simmons (Jones Center) provided assistance, managing land cover data. E. P. Cox (Jones Center) and Auburn University librarians provided assistance in obtaining references. NR 86 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 83 IS 1 BP 286 EP 295 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12121 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274OH UT WOS:000328615300029 PM 23998642 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Lee, J Ko, K Nielson, RM Johnson, DE Ganskopp, DC Chigbrow, J Pierson, FB Hardegree, SP AF Clark, Patrick E. Lee, Jaechoul Ko, Kyungduk Nielson, Ryan M. Johnson, Douglas E. Ganskopp, David C. Chigbrow, Joe Pierson, Fredrick B. Hardegree, Stuart P. TI Prescribed fire effects on resource selection by cattle in mesic sagebrush steppe. Part 1: Spring grazing SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Burning; GPS tracking; Habitat use; Livestock distribution; Modeling; Rangeland improvement ID WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; MULE DEER; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; PLANT-PRODUCTION; WESTERN JUNIPER; BIGHORN SHEEP; UNITED-STATES; RANGE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Prescribed fire is commonly applied world-wide as a tool for enhancing habitats and altering resource-selection patterns of grazing animals. A scientific basis for this practice has been established in some ecosystems but its efficacy has not been rigorously evaluated on mesic sagebrush steppe. Beginning in 2003, resource-selection patterns of beef cows were investigated using global positioning system (GPS) collars for 2 years before and for 5 years after a fall prescribed burn was applied to mesic sagebrush steppe in the Owyhee Mountains of southwestern Idaho, USA. Resource-selection functions (RSF) developed from these data indicated cattle selected for lightly to moderately burned areas for all 5 postfire years. Cattle had been neutral towards these areas prior to the fire when their distribution was primarily affected by slope, sagebrush dominance, and distance to upland water. Resource-selection responses to the fire lasted 2-3 years longer than would be expected for fire-induced, forage-quality improvement effects. Although this is a case study and caution should be taken in extrapolating these results, if applied under conditions similar to this study, livestock producers and natural resource managers can likely use fall prescribed fire in the mesic sagebrush steppe to affect cattle resource-use patterns for 5 years postfire. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clark, Patrick E.; Pierson, Fredrick B.; Hardegree, Stuart P.] USDA ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Lee, Jaechoul; Ko, Kyungduk] Boise State Univ, Dept Math, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Nielson, Ryan M.] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Johnson, Douglas E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ganskopp, David C.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Chigbrow, Joe] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, 800 E Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM pat.clark@ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The authors would like to thank M. Borman, C. White, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews of drafts of this manuscript. M. Johnson and K. Johnson provided invaluable assistance in tracking data post-processing. D. Spencer provided technical expertise in GPS tracking technologies. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 100 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.10.012 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275YZ UT WOS:000328716600010 ER PT J AU Bess, EC Catanach, TA Johnson, KP AF Bess, Emilie C. Catanach, Therese A. Johnson, Kevin P. TI The importance of molecular dating analyses for inferring Hawaiian biogeographical history: a case study with bark lice (Psocidae: Ptycta) SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; island biogeography; inter-island dispersal; insects; lineage age; molecular dating; Psocodea; Psocidae ID DISPERSAL-VICARIANCE ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PSOCOPTERA; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMATICS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPECIATION AB AimThe use of intuitive or explicit biogeographical reconstruction techniques to estimate the timing of species radiations on the Hawaiian Islands, while often incorporating evidence on the timing of island formation, may be misleading if the effects of extinction are overlooked. Using phylogenies of the bark louse genus Ptycta (Psocidae), we compared results from biogeographical character mapping with those from molecular dating analyses. These results were used to evaluate the progression model', which predicts an oldest-to-youngest pattern of island colonization. LocationThe main Hawaiian Islands (Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Lanai, Molokai and Hawaii). MethodsWith a data set including 101 Hawaiian Ptycta specimens and 18 outgroup species, we constructed molecular phylogenies based on sequences of the nuclear gene wingless and mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were used. We used beast to estimate a time-calibrated tree under a relaxed clock model. ResultsOur analyses suggested a single colonization event, followed by extensive movement of Ptycta among islands and species radiations within and between islands. This monophyletic radiation is composed of two well-supported clades that are also supported by two synapomorphic characters of the male genitalia. Main conclusionsVery different biogeographical patterns are inferred by molecular dating versus approaches based on character mapping. Simple biogeographical reconstruction over the molecular phylogeny supports a pattern of youngest-to-oldest island colonization, the reverse of that predicted by the progression model', and implies that this radiation could be as young as the most recent islands of Maui (1.4Ma) or Hawaii (0.5Ma). Molecular dating, however, infers a pattern consistent with oldest-to-youngest island colonization, and suggests a lineage age of 7.1Ma. Extinction on the oldest island of Kauai may account for the differences in results between the two analyses. C1 [Bess, Emilie C.] USDA, APHIS PPQ Plant Inspect Stn, Seattle, WA 98148 USA. [Bess, Emilie C.; Catanach, Therese A.; Johnson, Kevin P.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Catanach, Therese A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bess, EC (reprint author), USDA, APHIS PPQ Plant Inspect Stn, 835 S 192nd St,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98148 USA. EM emilie.bess@aphis.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0612938, DEB-0808120] FX The authors thank the journal's anonymous referees for their helpful comments, which resulted in improved analyses and discussion. For assistance with collecting permits and access to protected lands, we thank Betsy Gagne and Dan Polhemus (Hawaii Department of Natural Resources), Michelle Kookano and Wayne Souza (Hawaii State Parks), Diana Crow (Ulupalakua Ranch), Robin Rice (Wm Hyde Rice Ltd), The Nature Conservancy Hawaii, and the National Park Service. For specimens used in this study, we thank Bob Peck (USGS), Diana Percy (UBC), Neil Miller (USDA), Mike Irwin (INHS), Mike Whiting (BYU), Stephen Cameron (CSIRO), the Bishop Museum and the Australian Museum. Thanks to Julie Allen, Ed Mockford, Chris Dietrich, Kazunori Yoshizawa, Jim Whitfield, Andy Suarez, Charles Lienhard, Dmitry Dmitriev, Mary Morello, Naomi Steele, Susan Pell and Keren Rannekleiv for support with data analysis, collections management and fieldwork. This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB-0612938 to K.P.J. and NSF grant DEB-0808120 to E. C. B. and K.P.J. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1111/jbi.12191 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 269VW UT WOS:000328271500014 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Chen, ZS Hawthorne, KM AF Abrams, Steven A. Chen, Zhensheng Hawthorne, Keli M. TI Magnesium Metabolism in 4-Year-Old to 8-Year-Old Children SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MAGNESIUM; BONE MINERAL CONTENT; PEDIATRIC NUTRITION; BONE MINERAL DENSITY; STABLE ISOTOPES ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; CALCIUM KINETICS; ABSORPTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; SECRETION; SKELETAL; DIETARY; GIRLS AB Magnesium (Mg) is a key factor in bone health, but few studies have evaluated Mg intake or absorption and their relationship with bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD) in children. We measured Mg intake, absorption, and urinary excretion in a group of children 4 to 8 years of age. Mg absorption was determined using a dual-tracer stable isotope technique, with Mg-25 given intravenously and Mg-26 given orally. We found a small, but significantly greater Mg absorption efficiency (percentage absorption) in males than females (67%+/- 12% versus 60%+/- 8%, p=0.02) but no difference in estimated net Mg retention (average of 37mg/d in both males and females). Relating dietary Mg intake to estimated Mg retention showed that an intake of 133mg/d, slightly above the current estimated average requirement (EAR) of 110mg/d, led to a net average retention of 10mg/d, the likely minimum growth-related need for this age group. Covariate analysis showed that Mg intake and total Mg absorption, but not calcium intake or total absorption were significantly associated with both total body BMC and BMD. These results suggest that usual Mg intakes in small children in the United States meet dietary requirements in most but not all children. Within the usual range of children's diets in the United States, dietary Mg intake and absorption may be important, relatively unrecognized factors in bone health. (c) 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. C1 [Abrams, Steven A.; Chen, Zhensheng; Hawthorne, Keli M.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.; Chen, Zhensheng; Hawthorne, Keli M.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; USDA/ARS [58-6250-0-008]; NCRR General Clinical Research for Children [RR00188] FX This work is a publication of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA. This project was funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-0-008, NCRR General Clinical Research for Children Grant number RR00188. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We acknowledge the support and contributions of Texas Children's Hospital Investigational Pharmacists Jennifer Lynds and Tara McCartney, the Texas Children's Hospital General Clinical Research Center Staff, and students Melissa Mohammed, Michelle Taub, and Jennifer Haden. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1002/jbmr.2021 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 274HS UT WOS:000328598000010 PM 23787702 ER PT J AU Nuttle, T Ristau, TE Royo, AA AF Nuttle, Tim Ristau, Todd E. Royo, Alejandro A. TI Long-term biological legacies of herbivore density in a landscape-scale experiment: forest understoreys reflect past deer density treatments for at least 20 years SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological legacy; determinants of plant community diversity and structure; eastern deciduous forest; ferns; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; plant-herbivore interactions; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BOREAL FORESTS; REGENERATION; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; RECOVERY; REDUCTIONS; IMPACTS AB Ungulate browsers, when at high densities, are major drivers of vegetation change in forests world-wide. Their effects operate via a variety of generalizable mechanisms related to plant palatability and relative growth rate with respect to browsing pressure. Though such impacts are obviously long-lasting when they determine composition of tree regeneration, we document in a unique long-term (30year) experiment that biological legacies of initial deer density persist in the understorey herbaceous vegetation at least 20years after deer densities were equalized. We sampled understorey vegetation in former clear-cut areas where density of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was manipulated (3.9-31.2deerkm(-2)) for 10years (1979-1990), and stands experienced ambient deer density (ca. 10-12deerkm(-2)) for the next 20years (1990-2010) to determine whether initial deer density treatments still influenced understorey vegetation in 30-year-old, closed-canopy forests. Stands initially (1979-1990) exposed to higher deer densities had ca. five times higher fern cover and three times the seedling and forb cover in 2010, as well as significantly lower angiosperm species density, compared to stands initially exposed to lower deer densities. These results appear driven by deer avoidance of ferns, allowing them to expand at high deer density and sequester sites for decades.Synthesis. Our long-term, experimental results show unequivocally that elevated deer densities cause significant, profound legacy effects on understorey vegetation persisting at least 20years. Of relevance regionally and globally where high deer densities have created depauperate understoreys, we expect that deer density reduction alone does not guarantee understorey recovery; stands may need to be managed by removing recalcitrant understorey layers (e.g. ferns). C1 [Nuttle, Tim] Civil & Environm Consultants Inc, Ecol Serv Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15205 USA. [Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Nuttle, T (reprint author), Civil & Environm Consultants Inc, Ecol Serv Div, 333 Baldwind Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15205 USA. EM tnuttle@cecinc.com FU Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education; Pennsylvania Wild Resources Conservation Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1120579] FX This work was supported by grants to T.N. from Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, Pennsylvania Wild Resources Conservation Program, and National Science Foundation (DEB-1120579). We thank T. Herbold, A. Kessler and L. Wheatall for data collection and S. Stout, J. Smithbauer, E. Wiltsie and D. Mattison for logistical and technical support. W. Carson, R. Long, E. Yerger, D. Waller, and B. Hidding provided comments that improved the manuscript. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 10 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 102 IS 1 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12175 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273SC UT WOS:000328555600024 ER PT J AU Kehr, JM Merritt, DM Stromberg, JC AF Kehr, Jacqueline M. Merritt, David M. Stromberg, Juliet C. TI Linkages between primary seed dispersal, hydrochory and flood timing in a semi-arid region river SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Flow regime; Guild; Phenology; Plant community; Riparian; Seed mass; Wetland ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; RIPARIAN; DEPOSITION; VEGETATION; HYDROLOGY; TRAITS; ENVIRONMENTS; REGENERATION; RECRUITMENT; MAINTENANCE AB QuestionsAre seed release and hydrochory of riparian plants coupled with seasonal flood pulses for a river with bimodal flows? What phenological hydrochore guilds are present? How representative of riparian vegetation are hydrochores? What is the role of hydrochory in riparian plant community composition in arid land streams? LocationVerde River, central Arizona, USA. MethodsWe recorded phenology of flowering and primary seed dispersal monthly for >100 riparian plant species, seined hydrochores 12 times during the growing season, sampled the extant plant community, and collected soil seed bank samples. Emergence of seedlings from hydrochore and soil samples was monitored for 1yr in a greenhouse. Plant species were classified as to wetland indicator status and assessed for traits including life span, growth form and seed mass. ResultsFlowering and primary seed dispersal at the community level was bimodal for dryland species but more constant through time for wetland species. Numbers and richness of wetland hydrochores were high during the three floods that occurred in the atypical study year, while dryland species pulsed during a single flood. Three of 56 hydrochore taxa were vernal flood specialists, characterized by a spring hydrochore pulse during their period of seed release, and one was associated with summer floods. Another six were phenological generalists, with hydrochores constant or semi-constant through time (including before and after primary dispersal) and persistent soil seed banks. Hydrochorous species spanned a wide range of traits, but overall had smaller seeds and higher wetland affinity than extant riparian vegetation. ConclusionsAs with other regions, hydrochory in dryland rivers is governed by the individual and combined influences of extrinsic factors, such as seasonal flow patterns and hydraulics, and intrinsic factors, such as timing of seed release and seed traits. Floods at different times during the season disperse distinct guilds, emphasizing the importance of flow variability for structuring riparian plant communities. Identifying temporal flood specialists and flood generalists is important, both for informing environmental flow regimes and for understanding patterns of plant distribution. The phenological dispersal plasticity of the generalist hydrochore species allows for adaptability to varying flow conditions and likely contributes to their broad geographic distributions. C1 [Kehr, Jacqueline M.; Stromberg, Juliet C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stromberg, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jackiekehr@gmail.com; dmmerritt@fs.fed.us; jstrom@asu.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 287 EP 300 DI 10.1111/jvs.12061 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 273OK UT WOS:000328544600027 ER PT J AU Li, X Zhang, A Atungulu, GG Delwiche, M Milczarek, R Wood, D Williams, T McHugh, T Pan, ZL AF Li, Xuan Zhang, Ang Atungulu, Griffiths G. Delwiche, Michael Milczarek, Rebecca Wood, Delilah Williams, Tina McHugh, Tara Pan, Zhongli TI Effects of infrared radiation heating on peeling performance and quality attributes of clingstone peaches SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Infrared radiation; Clingstone peach; Scanning electron microscopy; Temperature profiles; Peeling evaluation ID PROCESSING TOMATOES; LYE; PEELABILITY; FRUITS; YIELD; STEAM AB Salinity and wastewater disposal problems associated with the conventional wet-lye method for peeling clingstone peaches result in considerable negative environment impacts. The efficacy of using infrared (IR) heating as an alternative method for peach peel removal was investigated to eliminate the use of water and chemicals. Peaches sorted into three size categories were double-sided heated under IR with three emitter gaps for a range of heating times from 90 s to 180 s. Wet-lye peeling was used as a control. Results showed that 180 s IR heating for medium sized peaches under an emitter gap of 90 mm yielded 84 mm(2)/100 mm(2) peelability and 90 g/100 g peeling yield, produced peeled products with comparable firmness and color to wet-lye peeled peaches. Surface temperature increased rapidly (> 00 degrees C) during IR heating whereas the flesh temperature at 16 mm beneath skin remained relatively low (<45 degrees C). Thermal expansion of cell walls and collapse of cellular layers adjacent to skins were found in IR heated peaches and differed from the micro-structural changes observed in lye heated samples, indicating their mechanistic difference. Promoting uniform and rapid surface heating is essential to further develop IR heating as a non-chemical method for peach peeling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Li, Xuan; Zhang, Ang; Atungulu, Griffiths G.; Delwiche, Michael; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhang, Ang] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Enol, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, Peoples R China. [Milczarek, Rebecca; Wood, Delilah; Williams, Tina; McHugh, Tara; Pan, Zhongli] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zlpan@ucdavis.edu RI Li, Xuan/J-5786-2015 FU Del Monte Food Company FX We would like to express our gratitude to Del Monte Food Company for their financial support and provision of sample fruit for this study. We also appreciate Professor David Slaughter for supplying the facilities for conducting the research. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.08.020 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 270CH UT WOS:000328296000006 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Chen, DJ Liu, SX Lee, S AF Inglett, George. E. Chen, Diejun Liu, Sean X. Lee, Suyong TI Pasting and rheological properties of oat products dry-blended with ground chia seeds SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chia; Oat; Omega-3; Rheology; Pasting ID SALVIA-HISPANICA L.; GLUCAN-RICH HYDROCOLLOIDS; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; BETA-GLUCAN; SOLUBLE BARLEY; DIETARY-FIBER; OIL CONTENT; FLOUR; EXTRACTION; CHOLESTEROL AB Oat products containing beta-glucan are documented for lowering blood cholesterol that could be beneficial for preventing coronary heart disease. Oat products (oat flour, oat bran concentrate, and Nutrim) were dry-blended with ground chia (Salvia hispanica L) that contains omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for improving nutritional and functional qualities. The pasting and rheological properties of oat chia composites with 10, 20, and 50 g chia/100 g were characterized using Rapid Visco Analyzer followed by an advanced rheometer. Shear thinning properties were observed for all the composites. The pasting and rheological properties of oat products were not greatly influenced by 10 g or 20 g chia/100 g replacements but were improved at the 50 g/100 g replacement level. Also, these composites had improved water holding capacities compared with their starting oat products from 5 g to 250 g water/100 g, respectively. Also, whole chia seeds currently used in food products on the market are not easily utilized by the human body because of an extremely hard coat. These fine particle composites of oat products with ground chia were prepared by a feasible procedure for producing composites having improved nutritional value, texture quality, and functional food applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Inglett, George. E.; Chen, Diejun; Liu, Sean X.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, Seoul 143747, South Korea. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM George.Inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.07.011 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 270CH UT WOS:000328296000021 ER PT J AU Sampedro, F Phillips, J Fan, XT AF Sampedro, Fernando Phillips, John Fan, Xuetong TI Use of response surface methodology to study the combined effects of UV-C and thermal processing on vegetable oxidative enzymes SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE UV-C; Peroxidase; Polyphenoloxidase; Lipoxygenase; Central composite design ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; INACTIVATION KINETICS; HIGH-PRESSURE; TOMATO LIPOXYGENASE; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; POLYPHENOLOXIDASE; TEMPERATURE; PEROXIDASE; STRAWBERRY; QUALITY AB The combined thermal (25-65 degrees C) and ultraviolet processing (UV-C) effects on lipoxygenase (LOX), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) at different pH values (4.0-7.0) were studied using a central composite design. An initial screening design revealed that all factors had a significant effect on enzymatic activity except wavelength which showed a negligible effect. A synergistic effect was found between temperature and UV exposure time for POD and PPO and between pH and exposure time for LOX. LOX enzyme was affected by acidic conditions. POD was UV-C labile whereas PPO was the most UV-C resistant enzyme but was thermolabile. Second-order polynomial equations indicated that enzyme activities were inactivated after exposure to 58.2 mJ/cm(2) UV at 60 degrees C or higher temperatures at any pH condition. Combination of UV and thermal processing allowed the use of low energy/doses to obtain complete enzymatic inactivation. This study may serve as a basis to design UV-C processes for the inactivation of enzymes in liquid matrices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sampedro, Fernando] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Vet Populat Med Dept, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sampedro, Fernando; Fan, Xuetong] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Phillips, John] ARS, Off Area Director, North Atlantic Area, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov FU Fundacion Espanola para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (FECYT) from Ministerio de Innovacion y Ciencia from Spain FX The authors are grateful to the Fundacion Espanola para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (FECYT) from Ministerio de Innovacion y Ciencia from Spain for providing the postdoctoral grant to Dr. Fernando Sampedro. The authors acknowledge Drs. Gerald Sapers and James Smith for their helpful review of the final draft. The authors also want to acknowledge Drs. Lihan Huang and Kathleen Rajkowski, Ms. Jennifer Cassidy and Ms. Kimberly Sokorai for providing technical assistance with the UV unit and the analytical methods. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.07.010 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 270CH UT WOS:000328296000027 ER PT J AU Mosimane, AW McCool, S Brown, P Ingrebretson, J AF Mosimane, Alfons Wabahe McCool, Stephen Brown, Perry Ingrebretson, Jane TI Using mental models in the analysis of human-wildlife conflict from the perspective of a social-ecological system in Namibia SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Human-wildlife conflict; mental models; mind mapping; Namibia; social ecological systems ID MAPS AB Human-wildlife conflicts occur within the context of a complex social-ecological system influenced by a wide variety of social, economic and political forces. Management responses to human-wildlife conflict are based on certain assumptions and perceptions that form the mental models of this system. Understanding these mental models provides opportunity for various stakeholders to engage management staff based on shared components and direct attention to areas of disagreement, and involve organizations that are normally considered to be outside the domain of human-wildlife conflict. Mind mapping was used in this study to identify mental models that people hold about human-wildlife conflict in Namibia, a country that has seen rapid increases in conflict, and to describe the principal factors and variables leading to such conflict. The results indicate that mind mapping is a useful tool for uncovering mental models of conflict and can reveal significant variables in reduction of conflict such as land-use planning and livelihood enhancement. C1 [Mosimane, Alfons Wabahe] Univ Namibia, Multidisciplinary Res Ctr, Windhoek, Namibia. [McCool, Stephen] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Brown, Perry] Univ Montana, Off Provost, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ingrebretson, Jane] US Forest Serv, Seeley Lake, MT USA. RP Mosimane, AW (reprint author), Univ Namibia, Multidisciplinary Res Ctr, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia. EM amosimane@unam.na FU University of Namibia; University of Montana FX We acknowledge the financial support of the University of Namibia and the University of Montana, which made this research collaboration possible. Valuable contributions were made during the workshop by members of the Namibian Association of Community Based Natural Resources Management Organisations, various conservancies and the Ministry of Environment and Tourism. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1017/S0030605312000555 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273PX UT WOS:000328549300012 ER EF